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Cells are the basic unit of all living things…if it is alive it has cells
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ProkaryotesNo NucleusNo membrane-covered organellesCircular DNABacteria
EukaryotesNucleusMembrane-covered organellesLinear DNAAll other Cells
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cytoplasm: inner liquid filling capsule: slimy outer coating cell wall: tougher middle layer cell membrane: delicate inner skin DNA in one big loop ribosomes: for building
proteins
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Cell DifferentaitionThere are only 2 classes of cells
(plant/animal), but there are many kinds of cells in each class. Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to do…it specializes.
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The cell membrane holds the cell together and allows nutrients in the cell
It’s just like a turtle’s skin The cell membrane is on the edge of a
cell
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Cytoplasm is the watery gel inside a cell. It holds the organelles
Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and other liquids
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Mitochondria is an ORGANelle that releases energy from food
Mitochondria is like a turtle’s stomach
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The nucleus controls the cell The nucleus is like the turtle’s brain Contains the DNA in Eukaryotic Cells
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Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and are made of genes (DNA)
Genes decide the cells traits and activities (heart cell, eye cell (color))
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Processes and transports materials out of the cell
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Where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins
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Makes lipids Breaks down drugs and other substances Packages up proteins for release from the cell Ribosome are attached to it
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Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders
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Vacuoles are spaces in the cytoplasm (gel) where food and chemicals are stored
It’s like “fat” on a turtle
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Cell Walls are only in plant cells They make the cell strong and rigid They are like a turtle’s shell (but only plants
have them…that’s why grass stands straight up!)
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Chloroplasts are only in plant cells They contain chlorophyll, which helps
make energy/food from sunlight Chlorophyll is green in color…so any
plant that is green has chloroplasts
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