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Cardiac CycleBiology 2
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Cardiac cycle
A complete heartbeat in which the heart chambers function in a coordinated fashion› Systole – heart chamber walls contract› Diastole- heart chamber walls relax
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Systole & Diastole Pattern
Atrial systole (atria contracts) while ventricles relax called ventricular diastole
Then the ventricles contract (ventricular systole) and atria relax (atrial diastole)
Then the atria and ventricles both relax for an interval
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How it works… The cusps (flaps) of the
bicuspid and tricuspid valves are anchored to the ventricle walls by fibrous “cords” called chordate tendineae, which attach to the wall by papillary muscles. This prevents the valves from being pushed up into the atria during ventricular systole
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During ventricular contraction…
Blood pressure rises in the ventricles, forcing the aortic and pulmonary valves(semilunar valves) open, while closing the tricuspid and bicuspid valves (A-V valves)
This makes a lubb sound
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During ventricle relaxation…
The pulmonary and aortic valves are closing, while the tricuspid and bicuspid valves open to let blood flow from the atria to the ventricles
This makes a dubb sound
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Systole & Diastole
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter22/animation__the_cardiac_cycle__quiz_1_.html
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Heart Sounds
The heart normally makes a lubb dubb sound.
A heart murmur is a deviation from this sound and is usually due to a valve’s cusp not closing entirely, allowing blood to backflow from the ventricle into the atrium
Ranges from harmless to requiring open heart surgery
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Heart sounds
http://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/demo.html
Stethoscope – instrument to listen and measure heart sounds
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ECG Electrocardiogram- recording of the
electrical charges that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle› Electrodes are placed on the skin and
respond to weak electrical changes
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ECG P wave- atrial systole (contraction)
› Review: What valves are closed and which are open?
QRS complex- Ventricle systole (contraction)› Review: Which valves are closed and
which are open? T wave- repolarization of the ventricles
(resting period)
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Regulation of the Cardiac Cycle
Controlled by the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata
Signals the heart to increase or decrease heart rate depending on various factors› Body temperature› Muscle activity › Blood Ca2+ & K+ levels
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Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Tachycardia = rapid heartbeat ( > 100 BPM)
Bradycardia = slow heartbeat ( < 60 BPM)
Fibrillation = rapid, uncoordinated unsynchronized heart rate. Atria (not serious. Ventricles (deadly)
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Defibrillator Common treatment for life-
threatening cardiac arrhythmia The device shocks the heart and allows
it to re-establish its normal rhythm The device can also be used to start a
heart that has stopped
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SPHYGMOMANOMETER Device used to measure blood pressure Average normal blood pressure =
120/80 Average Heart Rate = 72 http://www.sumanasinc.com/
webcontent/animations/content/bloodpressure.html