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WW1 – CANADIANS ON THE BATTLE FIELD
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Women on the Western Front
2500 Canadian women joined medical and field ambulance corps during the war; some served as nurses during the war.
Canadian nurses were called “Bluebirds” after the colour of their uniform.
Nurses worked in military hospitals in the battle zones and in hospitals in Britain.
Many were killed or injured by artillery fire, bombs or poison gas.
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Canadians on the Battle Field – Battle of Ypres
When – April – May 1915 Where – Ypres, Belgium
(Flanders District) What – French and Canadian
troops were defending Ypres and retreated when the Germans used Chlorine gas.
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Battle of Ypres
Chlorine gas burned eyes, throats, and destroyed lungs.
Despite having only clothes wetted with water or urine tied over their mouths as a defense against the lung-searing gas, the Canadian infantrymen stood their ground.
Outcome – French and Canadian troops were forced to retreat with over 6,000 Canadians were killed, wounded or captured as prisoners of war.
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Battle of Ypres Significance, Impact,
Consequences:Canada’s first taste of war and
trench warfare.First time poison gas was used.Canadians suffered terrible losses.Canadian Lieutenant Colonel John
McCrae wrote the world famous poem “In Flanders Field” after the battle of Ypres.
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In Flanders Field Written by Lieutenant Colonel John
McCrae after the Battle of Ypres, in memory of a friend who was killed.
The poppies referred to in the poem grew in abundance in Flanders where dead soldiers were buried.
The poppies have become a symbol of Remembrance Day.
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John McCrae
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In Flanders Field – Written
on May 3, 1915
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In Flanders Field
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Ypres – Fall 1917 – A town destroyed by 3 years of fighting
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Ruins of Ypres
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German barrage fire - Ypres
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Battle of the Somme
When – July – November, 1916
Where – Somme, France What – Allied forces under
General Douglas Haig tried to end trench warfare with a large attack on the German trenches at the Somme.
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Battle of the Somme
Wave upon wave of allied troops marching across open fields into “no man’s land were killed by German machine guns.
58,000 British troops were killed, wounded or went missing on the first day of battle.
Outcome – The Germans were not driven back and over 20,000 Canadians were killed.
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Battle of the Somme
Significance, Impact, Consequences:
First time tanks were used. 1.25 million casualties on both
sides. Newfoundland Regiment suffered
85% casualties (700 men).
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Douglas Haig
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Explosion at Hawthorne Ridge – German
Stronghold
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Demolished German Trench
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Stretch bearers carrying off
wounded soldiers
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Troops marching through “No Man’s Land” - Somme
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Somme after artillery bombs
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Wounded soldier being carried
through a trench
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British Machine Gun Team
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War time cemetery - Somme
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Battle of Vimy Ridge
When – April, 1917 Where – Vimy Ridge (Between
France and Belgium) What – Vimy Ridge had fallen to
Germany in October, 1914. Canadian troops tried to regain the ridge which was important because it was a strong fortress that was easy to defend and dangerous to attack.
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Battle of Vimy Ridge
In April 1917, Canadian troops attacked the Germans under the leadership of Julian Byng.
Outcome – Canadians were successful but with heavy losses; 3,000 Canadians were killed and 7,000 were injured.
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Battle of Vimy Ridge
Significance, Impact, Consequences:
Capture of Vimy Ridge was the first time in history that Canadian fought together as one, independent of British forces.
This victory became a symbol of Canada’s autonomy (independence).
Historian Pierre Berton captured the events at Vimy Ridge as follows: ``They said it couldn`t be done and we did.``
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Pack horses carrying ammunition – Vimy Ridge
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Tent under water – Vimy Ridge
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Canadian soldiers make their way down a muddy road – Vimy Ridge
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Canadian soldiers playing cards – Vimy Ridge
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Artillery being fired at night –Vimy Ridge
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A wounded German soldier – Vimy Ridge
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Happy Canadian Soldiers – Vimy Ridge
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Captured German Soldiers
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Canadian War Memorial – Vimy Ridge; Unveiled in 1936
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Vimy Memorial Names
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Battle of Passchendaele
When – October, 1917 Where – Passchendale,
Belgium What – Canadian troops were
asked to attack the Germans. Outcome – Canadians gained
only 7 km of land with 16,000 Canadian casualties.
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Battle of Passchendale
Significance, Impact,Consequences:
One in five Canadians died. Battle of Attrition with an allied
victory.
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No Man’s Land - Passchendaele
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Aerial view of the village of Passchendaele before and after the battle.
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Poor weather conditions at Passchendaele
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Wounded Canadian Soldier - Passchendaele
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Sandbagged Dugout - Passchendaele
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Canadian Passchendaele War Memorial