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?? What you Should Know ??
1.) Where did the Renaissance begin? What city-state was at the center…?
2.) What was different about the artwork of this time?
3.) Define the word “Machiavellian”.
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Renaissance & Reformation
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Before the Renaissance….Europe was in a period known as
The DARK AGES Medieval Times
Outlook on human life was not bright. Lives were tough for many Europeans “THE PLAGUE” ---- The Black Death
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Defining Renaissance
Definition: A time of creativity and change in pol, soc, econ, and culture; changes in the way people viewed themselves and their world
Italian City-States New Worldview
› Classics› Medieval› Adventure› Humanism
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Golden Age of the Arts
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Leonardo da Vinci
Endless curiosity THE “Renaissance Man”
› Scientist› Mathematician› Engineer› Inventor› Anatomist› Painter› Sculptor› Architect› Botanist› Musician› Writer
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The Last Supper
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Da Vinci’s VITRUVIAN MAN
a foot is the width of four palms (i.e. 12 inches) a cubit is the width of six palms a man's height is four cubits (and thus 24 palms) the length of a man's outspread arms is equal to
his height the distance from the hairline to the bottom of the
chin is one-tenth of a man's height the distance from the top of the head to the
bottom of the chin is one-eighth of a man's height the maximum width of the shoulders is a quarter of
a man's height the distance from the elbow to the tip of the hand
is one-fifth of a man's height the distance from the elbow to the armpit is one-
eighth of a man's height the length of the hand is one-tenth of a man's
height the distance from the bottom of the chin to the
nose is one-third of the length of the head the distance from the hairline to the eyebrows is
one-third of the length of the face the length of the ear is one-third of the length of
the face
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Michelangelo
Genius in many areas› Painter› Sculptor› Architect› Engineer› Poet
The David Sistine Chapel St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome
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Sistine Chapel
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Raphael
Mary Cherubs
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Renaissance Writers
Shakespeare› Wrote 37 plays
Miguel de Cervantes
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Niccolo Machiavelli
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Machivalelli’s ----- The Prince
“It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both.”
“Everyone knows how praiseworthy it is for a ruler to keep his word and to live honestly and not be deceitful. Nevertheless, experience shows that princes in our times who have done great things have cared little for honesty; they have known how to confuse men’s minds with their cleveness and have finally defeated those who put their faith in honesty.”
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Machiavelli’s ---- The Prince
“A prince should seem to be pious, faithful, humane, honest, religious, and to be so. But he should have his mind so prepared that when occasion requires, he is able to change to the opposite.”
The end justifies… Based on real observances rather than
idealistic principles “Machiavellian” – deceit in politics;
whatever it takes to get power
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?? What you Should Know ??
1.) Where did the Renaissance begin? What city-state was at the center…?
2.) What was different about the artwork of this time?
3.) Define the word “Machiavellian”.
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!! HOMEWORK !! For tonight From Ch. 14; Section’s 1 & 2
Complete the Identifications (ID’s) listed below: For each of the following tell me:
1.) Who/What they are, 2.) Where they completed their work/live 3.) How they are significant (in relation to the
Renaissance)1. The Northern Renaissance2. Erasmus3. Thomas More4. William Shakespeare5. Johann Gutenberg
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The Northern Renaissance Northern Ren. Began in Northern
France, spread to Belgium and Netherlands ---- **happened after because it the Black Death slowed the progression.
Erasmus› Dutch Priest and HUMANIST› Produced a Greek edition of the New
Testament› Called for translation of Bible in today’s
language (VERNACULAR)
Sir Thomas More› English HUMANIST --- ideal society of
peace and harmony. Wrote: UTOPIA
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The Printing Revolution Johann Gutenberg ---
Mainz, Germany The Printing Press
(first for west. Part of world)
Printed 1st complete edition of the Bible
By 1500, 20 million volumes had been printed.
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?? What you should Know ??
1.) Who began to criticize the Church’s role in worldly affairs?
2.) What was the Council of Trent? It was in response to what?
3.) Define the word Indulgence.
REFORMATION
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The Protestant Reformation
Definition: Efforts to reform the Catholic Church “Stop the Church abusing power”
Reasons:1. Pope --- compete w/ princes for political power 2. Clergy --- promoted sale of Indulgences3. Worldliness --- Church should not focus on
world affairs…stick to teachings of BIBLE Trigger: 95 Theses **Begins in Northern Europe**
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Martin Luther German monk and professor
of theology Recant or else Arguments against
indulgences: › Not Biblical› NO PURGATORY -- time
you spend between Heaven and Hell
› Pope doesn’t have this power› ** CHRISTIANS SAVED
THROUGH FAITH ALONE !!!! **
EXCOMMUNICATED
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The Lutheran Church
Basic belief of church: › Rejected 5 of 7 sacraments› Church hierarchy doesn’t have special
powers “Priesthood of all believers” --- equal access to
GOD. Vernacular --- translated it so all could read. Education of all --- schools for boys/girls to
read the Bible. Banned INDULGENCES!!
Adopt “Protestant” name
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Protestant Church Spreads Out
Protestant -- “Protest” Papal authority. Clergy --- some followed Luther German people --- support was big Peasants’ Revolt – end Serfdom
› But Luther did not agree, thought social order was important. Peasants stopped, many killed in fighting
Peace of Augsburg 1555› Princes choose their religion› In north Germany – Lutheran› In the south - Catholic
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John Calvin
*Luther supporter*Writer*Predestination*Set up community in Geneva, Switzerland(Calvin’s theocracy)
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Reformation Spreads
Hundreds of sects evolve Anabaptists Mostly peaceful:
› Amish› Baptists› Quakers › Mennonites
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English Reformation
English King Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon– annulment
Thomas More Act of Supremacy
1534 Married 6 times“DEFENDER OF THE FAITH”…..right??
EXCOM
MUNICATED
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Church of England
Seized land Anglican Church
› English Bible › Similar to Catholics
Edward VI --- 10 yrs. old Mary Tudor --- CATHOLIC!
› Burns Protestants @ the stake
Elizabeth I --- Compromise of Cath’s & Prot.’s
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CATHOLIC REFORMATION Response to the
Protestants Council of Trent, called by
Pope Paul III (1545) location: Trento, Italy
Objective: Change ways of THE CHURCH› Penalties for worldliness or
corruption› Challenge Protestant
teachings› Faith + Good works =
SALVATION
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Catholic Reformation
THE Inquisition › Church court› Secret Testimony,
torture and execution
Ignatius of Loyola› Jesuits
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Persecution
Def.-- suffering hardship on account of your beliefs
Cause: Religious Passion (Cath. & Prot.)
Witch Hunts (1450-1750)› Tens of thousands killed› Scapegoats› Monty Python
Jews › Ghettos› Luther’s Views – Anti-Jew
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?? What you should Know ??
1.) Who began to criticize the Church’s role in worldly affairs?
2.) What was the Council of Trent? It was in response to what?
3.) Define the word Indulgence.
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!! HOMEWORK !! For tonight
Questions: 1, 4, 5, & 7 on Page 356 Question 1 should be answered like
your last homework: (Do all I.D.’s)› Step 1: Who is this person/what did they
do?› Step 2: Where did they do their work/lived?› Step 3: How is this person significant in
terms of the Reformation/Renaissance?