domestic building services compliance guide

2013 edition – for use in England*

Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide

Compliance G

uide D

omestic Building Services

O N L I N E V E R S I O N


* Note: Any reference to the Building Regulations in this guide is to the Building Regulations 2010 in England (as amended). These Regulations also apply to the following building work in Wales:

(a) work on an excepted energy building as defined in the Schedule to the Welsh Ministers (Transfer of functions) (No 2) Order 2009 (SI 2009/3019); and

(b) work that is subject to provisions of the regulations relating to energy efficiency specified in regulation 34 of the Regulations and is carried out to educational buildings, buildings of statutory undertakers and Crown buildings, or carried out by Crown authorities.

This guidance comes into effect on 6 April 2014. Work started before this date remains subject to the earlier edition of the guidance. Work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before this date will also remain subject to the earlier edition of the guidance, provided it is started before 6 April 2015.

For other jurisdictions in the UK, it will be necessary to consult their own building regulations and guidance.



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Contents

Contents

Section 1: Introduction 51.1 Scope 5

1.2 Innovativesystems 5

1.3 Europeandirectives 6

1.4 Statusofguide 7

1.5 Howtousethisguide 8

1.6 Keyterms 8

1.7 Workonexistingsystems 9

1.8 Replacementofprimaryheatingappliances 9

1.9 Summaryofrecommendedminimumenergyefficiencystandards 10

Section 2: Gas-fired space and water heating 142.1 Scopeofguidance 14

2.2 Gas-firedwetcentralheatingsystems 14

2.3 Gas-firedrangecookerswithintegralcentralheatingboiler 21

2.4 Gas-firedwarmairheating 21

2.5 Gas-firedfixedindependentspaceheatingappliances 23

2.6 Gas-firedfixeddecorativefuel-effectfires 25

2.7 Gasfiresforsecondaryspaceheatingprovidedaspartofacombinedfireandbackboilerunit 25

Section 3: Oil-fired space and water heating 273.1 Scopeofguidance 27

3.2 Oil-firedwetcentralheatingsystems 27

3.3 Oil-firedrangecookerswithintegralcentralheatingboilers 34

3.4 Continuously-burningoil-firedvaporisingappliancesprovidingsecondaryheatingorhotwater 35

3.5 Oil-firedfixedindependentspaceheatingappliances 36

Section 4: Electric heating 374.1 Scopeofguidance 37

4.2 Electricboilersservingcentralheatingsystems 37

4.3 Electricheatingsystems(otherthanelectricboilersservingcentralheating) 41



* Note: Any reference to the Building Regulations in this guide is to the Building Regulations 2010 in England (as amended). These Regulations also apply to the following building work in Wales:

(a) work on an excepted energy building as defined in the Schedule to the Welsh Ministers (Transfer of functions) (No 2) Order 2009 (SI 2009/3019); and

(b) work that is subject to provisions of the regulations relating to energy efficiency specified in regulation 34 of the Regulations and is carried out to educational buildings, buildings of statutory undertakers and Crown buildings, or carried out by Crown authorities.

This guidance comes into effect on 6 April 2014. Work started before this date remains subject to the earlier edition of the guidance. Work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before this date will also remain subject to the earlier edition of the guidance, provided it is started before 6 April 2015.

For other jurisdictions in the UK, it will be necessary to consult their own building regulations and guidance.



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Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide: 2013 Edition

Section 5: Solid fuel heating 435.1 Scopeofguidance 43

5.2 Solidfuelappliancesforprimaryheating 43

5.3 Centralheatingsystemsusingcertaintypesofsolidfuelappliances 46

5.4 Solidfuelappliancesforsecondaryheating 51

Section 6: Community heating 536.1 Scopeofguidance 53

6.2 Newandexistingcommunityheatingschemes 53

Section 7: Underfloor heating 607.1 Scopeofguidance 60

7.2 Underfloorheatinginnewdwellings 60

Section 8: Mechanical ventilation 648.1 Scopeofguidance 64

8.2 Energyefficiencyofmechanicalventilationsystems 64

Section 9: Heat pumps 659.1 Scopeofguidance 65

9.2 Keyterms 67

9.3 Warmwaterandhotwaterheatpumps 67

Section 10: Comfort cooling 731 0.1 Scopeofguidance 73

10.2 Air-cooledandwater-cooledairconditioners 73

Section 11: Solar water heating 7411.1 Scopeofguidance 74

11.2 Indirectsystems 74

Section 12: Lighting 8112.1 Scopeofguidance 81

12.2 Keyterms 81

12.3 Internalandexternallighting 81



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Contents

Section 13: Micro-combined heat and power 8313.1 Scopeofguidance 83

13.2 Keyterms 83

1 3.3 Micro-CHPsystems 83

Section 14: Heating system circulators 851 4.1 Scopeofguidance 85

14.2 Circulators 85

Appendix A: Abbreviations 86



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Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide: 2013 EditionO N L I N E V E R S I O N


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Section 1: Introduction


1.1 ScopeThisguideprovidesdetailedguidancefortheinstallationoffixedbuildingservicesinnewandexistingdwellingstohelpcompliancewiththeenergyefficiencyrequirementsoftheBuildingRegulations.

Thiseditioncoversthedesign,installationandcommissioningof:

• conventionalmeansofprovidingprimaryandsecondaryspaceheating,domestichotwater,mechanicalventilation,comfortcoolingandinternalandexternallighting

• lowcarbongenerationofheatbyheatpumps,solarthermalpanels,andmicro-combinedheatandpowersystems.

Theguidesetsoutrecommendedminimumenergyefficiencystandardsforcomponentsofbuildingservicessystems,includingtheuseofcontrols.Forsystemsinstalledinnewdwellings,thestandardsaredesignlimits(orbackstopvalues).Forneworreplacementsystemsandcomponentsinstalledinexistingdwellings,thestandardsrepresentreasonableprovisionforcomplyingwiththeBuildingRegulations.

It is important to note that standards higher than many of these recommended minimum standards will need to be achieved if:

• new dwellings are to meet the the Building Regulations target carbon dioxide emission rate (TER) calculated using SAP1

• systems are to comply with the Microgeneration Certification Scheme standards2 that enable building owners to receive payments under the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) and qualify for Green Deal funding

• products are to be recognised as renewable technologies under the Renewable Energy Directive.

Theguideincludessomesupplementaryinformationthatidentifiesgoodpracticedesignandinstallationstandardsthatexceedtheminimumstandardsinthisguide.MicrogenerationCertificationSchemestandardsareanexampleofgoodpracticestandards.

AsummaryofrecommendedminimumenergyefficiencystandardsispresentedinTable1attheendofthissection.

1.2 Innovative systemsItisalsoimportanttonotethatthisguidecoversarangeoffrequentlyoccurringsituationsanddealswiththemostcommonlyusedfixedbuildingservicestechnologies.IndoingsoitneitherendorsesthesemethodsandtechnologiesnorexcludesothermoreinnovativetechnologiesthatmayofferanalternativemeansofmeetingthefunctionalrequirementsoftheBuildingRegulations.

Wherethealternativetechnologyhasbeenthesubjectofarecognisedtestingprocedurethatassessesitsenergyperformance,thismaybeusedtoindicatethatthesystemisadequatelyefficient.Intheeventthatthereisnorecognisedtestingstandard,suitablecalculationsormodellingmethodsmaybeusedtoshowthecarbonperformanceofthesystem.

1 StandardAssessmentProcedure,www.bre.co.uk/SAP20122 http://www.microgenerationcertification.org/mcs-standards



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1.3 European directivesThedesignandinstallationoffixedbuildingservicesproducts,suchasboilers,circulatorsandheatpumps,shallattheappropriatetimecomplywithallrelevantrequirementsofEUdirectivesasimplementedintheUnitedKingdom.Thereareanumberofdirectiveswithrequirementsthatdirectlyorindirectlycontroltheenergyefficiencyofbuildingservices.

TheEcodesign Directive2009/125/ECprovidesaframeworkforestablishingrequirementsfor‘energy-related’productsplacedontheEUmarket.Currentrequirementscover‘energy-using’productssuchasboilers,lightbulbsandwashingmachines.Inthefuture,requirementswillalsocoverproductssuchaswindows,insulationmaterialandshowerheadswhoseusehasanimpactonenergyconsumption.

TherequirementsaresetoutinCommissionRegulationslistedinthedocumenthttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/ecodesign/doc/overview_legislation_eco-design.pdf.ProductscoveredbytheregulationscanonlybeCEmarkedandplacedonthemarketiftheymeettheecodesignstandardsspecified.

Atthetimeofpreparationofthisguide,CommissionRegulationsexistedorwerebeingdevelopedfor:

• spaceheatersandcombinationheaters

• waterheatersandhotwaterstoragetanks

• glandlessstandalonecirculatorsandglandlesscirculatorsintegratedinproducts

• waterpumps

• airconditionersandcomfortfans

• fansdrivenbymotorswithanelectricinputpowerbetween125Wand500W

• lightingproductsinthedomesticandtertiarysectors

• electricmotors.

TheintentionisthattherecommendedminimumproductstandardsinthisguideshouldatleastmatchtheenergyefficiencystandardssetoutinCommissionRegulationsas they come into force.Forexample,althoughtheimplementingregulationsforhotwaterstoragetankswerepublishedinSeptember2013,thestandardsdonotcomeintoforceuntilSeptember2017.

If in any doubt as to whether a product is subject to minimum ecodesign standards, check the Commission document above.

TheEnergy Labelling Directive 2010/30/EUcomplementstheEcodesignDirectivebyprovidingaframeworkforlabellingofenergy-relatedproductsincludinglamps,luminaires,householdairconditionersandwashingmachines.TheEnergyLabelclassifiesproductsonanAtoGscale,‘pulling’themarkettowardsmoreefficientproductsbybetterinformingconsumers.TheEcodesignDirective,bycontrast,usesregulationto‘push’themarketawayfromtheworstperformingproducts.

TheRenewable Energy Directive 2009/28/ECprovidesaframeworkforthepromotionofenergyfromrenewableresources.ItsetsamandatoryUKtargetof15%energygenerationfromrenewablesourcesby2020–the‘renewableenergyobligation’–asacontributiontomeetingtheEU’soveralltargetof20%.Ofrelevancetobuildingservicesisthatthedirectiveidentifiescriteriafortrainingandcertificationofinstallersofrenewables.ThedirectivealsospecifiesinAnnexVIIthestandardsthatheatpumpsmustachievetoberecognisedasrenewabletechnologiesbythedirective.

TheEnergy Efficiency Directive2012/27/EUestablishesacommonframeworkofmeasuresforthepromotionofenergyefficiencywithintheEUinordertoensurethattheEUmeetsitstargetofa20%reductioninprimaryenergyconsumptionby2020.LegislationtoimplementthedirectiveintheUK



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willbepublishedby5June2014.Includedwillberequirementsforpublicauthoritiestopurchaseonlyenergy-efficientproducts,servicesandbuildings;andrequirementsforheatmeterstobefittedinapartmentsandbuildingsconnectedtoacentralsourceofheatingoradistrictheatingnetwork.Formoreinformationonthespecificrequirementsandtechnicalstandards,seetheDECCwebsite3.

TheEnergy Performance of Buildings Directive2010/31/EUisarecastoftheoriginal2002/91/ECdirective,whichin2002introducedrequirementsfor:

• theestablishmentofamethodologyforcalculatingtheintegratedenergyperformanceofbuildings

• minimumenergyperformancerequirementsfornewbuildings,and,wherefeasible,forlargerbuildingsundergoingmajorrenovation

• energyperformancecertificationofbuildings,and

• inspectionsofheatingandairconditioningsystems.

Therecastdirectiveincludesanewrequirementtoconsiderinthedesignofnewbuildingsthefeasibilityofusingrenewablesandother‘high-efficiencyalternativesystems’.Thereisnomandatoryformatforthisassessment,butitwillnowbenecessarytodeclare(throughanewfieldintheenergyperformancecalculationsoftware)thatithasbeencarriedout.

TheBuildingRegulations,whichalreadymettheoriginalrequirementsinmanyways(forexamplebysettingstandardsfornewbuildings),havebeenamendedinsomeplacestoreflectthenewrequirementsofthedirective.Forguidanceonthechangesaffectingnewdwellings,seeApprovedDocumentL1A.Forguidanceonthechangesaffectingmajorrenovations,seeApprovedDocumentL1B.Forguidanceonotherrequirementsrelatingtobuildingcertificationandinspectionofheatingandairconditioningsystems,seetheDCLGwebsite4.

1.4 Status of guideTheBuildingRegulationscontainfunctionalrequirements,suchasrequirementsthatbuildingsmustbestructurallystable,constructedandfittedtoensurefireprotection,andenergyefficient.Thesefunctionalrequirementsareoftendraftedinbroadterms,andsoitmaynotalwaysbeimmediatelycleartoapersoncarryingoutworkhowtocomplywiththerelevantrequirements.Consequently,theDepartmentforCommunitiesandLocalGovernmentissuesdocuments,knownasapproveddocuments,whichprovidepracticalguidanceonwaysofcomplyingwithspecificaspectsoftheBuildingRegulationsinsomeofthemorecommonbuildingsituations.

Approveddocumentsarenotalwayscomprehensiveandmaycontainreferencestootherdocumentswhichwillprovidemoredetailedinformationandassistanceonpartsoftheguidance.Thisguideisoneofthosedocuments:itprovidesmoredetailedinformationontheguidancecontainedinApprovedDocumentsL1AandL1Baboutcompliancewiththeenergyefficiencyrequirementswhichapplywheninstallingfixedbuildingservicesinnewandexistingdwellings.

Ifyoufollowtherelevantguidanceinanapproveddocument,andinanydocumentreferredtointheapproveddocument(suchasthisguide)whichprovidesadditionalinformationtohelpyoufollowthatguidance,thereisalegalpresumptionthatyouhavecompliedwiththeBuildingRegulations.However,ineachcaseitisforthebuildingcontrolbody(localauthorityorapprovedinspector)todecidewhetherworkcomplieswiththerequirementsoftheBuildingRegulations.ItisthereforesensiblethatyoucheckwiththebuildingcontrolbodybeforestartingworkwhattheyconsideritisnecessaryforyoutodotocomplywiththerequirementsoftheBuildingRegulations.

3 https://www.gov.uk/decc4 https://www.gov.uk/dclg



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1.5 How to use this guideTheguidecomprisesfourfuel-basedsectionsandninetechnology-specificsections:

• Fuel-based

Section2:Gas-firedspaceandwaterheating

Section3:Oil-firedspaceandwaterheating

Section4:Electricheating

Section5:Solidfuelheating

• Technology-specific

Section6:Communityheating

Section7:Underfloorheating

Section8:Mechanicalventilation

Section9:Heatpumps

Section10:Comfortcooling

Section11:Solarwaterheating

Section12:Lighting

Section13:Micro-combinedheatandpower

Section14:Heatingsystemcirculators

Foranyparticularapplication,referencemayneedtobemadetomorethanonesection.

Supplementaryinformationisshownagainstabluebackground.ThismaybefurtherinformationtohelpwithinterpretingtheminimumenergyefficiencyprovisionsneededtocomplywiththeBuildingRegulations.Oritmaybeguidanceonbestpracticethatgoesbeyondtherecommendedminimumstandards.

Keytermsareprintedinblueatappropriatepointsthroughouttheguide.

1.6 Key termsFixedbuildingservicesmeansanypartof,oranycontrolsassociatedwith:

a. fixedinternalorexternallightingsystems,butdoesnotincludeemergencyescapelightingorspecialistprocesslighting

b. fixedsystemsforheating,domestichotwater,airconditioningormechanicalventilation,or

c. anycombinationofsystemsofthekindsreferredtoinsub-paragrapha.orb.

Newsystemmeansafixedbuildingservicessysteminstalled:

a. inanewbuilding

b. forthefirsttimeinanexistingbuilding

c. asacompletereplacementforasysteminanexistingbuilding.



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SeasonalefficiencymeanstheefficiencyvalueusedbySAPforaheatingappliance.Forgas,LPGandoilboilersthathavebeentestedforefficiency,thisisSEDBUK5.

1.7 Work on existing systemsArequirementoftheBuildingRegulationsisthatworkonexistingbuildingsshouldbecarriedoutinsuchawaythatwhentheworkiscomplete:

a. theworkitselfcomplieswiththeapplicablerequirementsoftheBuildingRegulations

b. thepartsofthebuildingnotaffectedbytheworkarenomoreunsatisfactoryinrelationtotherequirementsoftheRegulationsthanbeforetheworkwasstarted.

Thismeansthatwhenasystemcomponentlikeaboileroraroomthermostatisreplaced,onlythenewcomponentisexpectedtocomplywiththestandardsinthisguide(whichinsomecasesmaybelowerthanfornewsystems).

Itisnotageneralrequirementtoupgradetherestoftheexistingsystem,butthisguidedoesincludesomerecommendationsonminorupgradesforcompliancewiththeBuildingRegulationswheretheywouldbecost-effectiveandmaybenecessarytoensureefficientoperationofthenewcomponent.

Someofthesupplementaryinformationisguidanceongoodpracticethat,whilenotessentialforcompliancewiththeBuildingRegulations,wouldhelptosaveenergy.Forexample,itisconvenientandtimelytofitthermostaticradiatorvalveswhenreplacingaboilerandthesystemhasbeendraineddown.

1.8 Replacement of primary heating appliancesWhenreplacinganexistingappliance,theefficiencyofthenewapplianceshouldnotbesignificantlylessthantheefficiencyoftheappliancebeingreplaced.Ifthereplacementinvolvesafuelswitch,thentherelativecarbonemissionsassociatedwiththenewandexistingfuelsshouldbeconsideredwhenassessingthereasonablenessoftheproposednewappliance.Theaimistodiscouragereplacementofanexistingappliancebyasignificantlylesscarbonefficientone.

Replacement not involving fuel or energy switch

Wheretheprimaryheatingapplianceisreplacedbyoneusingthesamefuelorenergysupply,theseasonalefficiencyofthenewequipmentshouldbe:

a. asstatedintherelevantfuel-basedsectionofthisguide,and

b. notworsethan2percentagepointslowerthantheseasonalefficiencyofthecontrolledservicebeingreplaced.Iftheefficiencyoftheappliancetobereplacedisnotknown,efficiencyvaluesmaybetakenfromTable4aor4bofSAP2012.

Replacement involving fuel or energy switch

Ifthenewheatingapplianceusesadifferentfuel,theefficiencyofthenewserviceshouldbemultipliedbytheratioofthecarbondioxideemissionfactorofthefuelusedintheservicebeingreplacedtothatofthefuelusedinthenewservice,toobtainthe‘carbonequivalentefficiency’.Thechecksdescribedinsub-paragraphsa.andb.aboveshouldthenbemade.ThecarbondioxideemissionfactorsshouldbetakenfromTable12ofSAP2012.

Electric flow boilers

Itwillnotnormallybepossibletoreplaceagasboilerwithanelectricflowboilerandmeetthestandardaboveforreplacementsinvolvinganenergyswitch.However,ifitisnotpracticableorpermissible

5 TheSAPProductCharacteristicsDatabase(PCDB)atwww.ncm-pcdb.org.uk/sapdisplaysseparateSAPwinterandsummerseasonalefficienciesforboilersheldwithinit.SAP2012(availableatwww.bre.co.uk/sap2012)usesthesevaluestocalculatethecarbondioxideemissionrateforadwelling.SAPwinterandsummerseasonalefficienciesarederivedfromSEDBUK2009values.



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tofitareplacementgasboilerinadwelling–forexamplebecausetheboilerinstallationwouldnotcomplywithrelevantBritishStandardsortheBuildingRegulations,orlistedbuildingconsenthasnotbeengrantedtoinstallanewflueorgassupply–then,providedthereisnopossiblealternative,fittinganelectricflowboilerinaccordancewiththeguidanceonelectricheatingsystemsinSection4ofthisguidewouldbeacceptable,andcountasmaking‘reasonableprovision’forthepurposesofcomplyingwiththerequirementsoftheBuildingRegulations.

Example

Anoldoil-firedboilerwithaseasonalefficiencyof72%istobereplacedbyadualsolidfuelboiler.Thenewdualsolidfuelboilershouldhave:

a. aseasonalefficiencynotlessthan65%(fromTable21inthisguide),and

b. acarbonequivalentefficiencynotlessthan70%.

Adualsolidfuelboilerwithaseasonalefficiencyof65%willmeetconditionb.asitscarbonequivalentefficiencyis:

65%(0.2980.226)85.7%

where0.298and0.226kgCO2/kWharetheemissionfactorsforoilanddualsolidfuelsrespectively.

1.9 Summary of recommended minimum energy efficiency standards

Table 1 Recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for building services6

Gas-fired wet central heating

Seasonal efficiency

SEDBUK 20097 SEDBUK 2005/SEDBUK

Condensingboilers 88% 90%

Non-condensingboilers(wherepermitted):naturalgas/LPG 78%/80% 78%/80%

Rangecookerboilers 75% 75%

Gas-fired warm air heating Efficiency

SeeTable6

Gas-fired fixed independent space heaters Efficiency (gross)8

GasandLPGprimaryheating 63%

GasandLPGsecondaryheating 63%(newbuild)45%(existingbuild)

Decorativefuel-effect Notspecified(setto20%inSAP2012)

Gas fires in combined fire/backboilers (replacements)

Efficiency (gross)

Natural gas LPG

Insetlivefuel-effect 45% 46%

Alltypesexceptinsetlivefuel-effect 63% 64%

6 EmergingEuropeanregulationsimplementingtheEcodesignDirectivewillsetminimumstandardsfortheefficiencyofenergy-usingproductsthatcanbeplacedonthemarket.Productsshouldalsocomplywiththesestandardsastheycomeintoeffect.Currentregulationsarelistedathttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/ecodesign/doc/overview_legislation_eco-design.pdf.

7 SeasonalEfficiencyofDomesticBoilersintheUK(SEDBUK).TheboilerefficiencyshouldmeeteithertheSEDBUK2009orSEDBUK2005standard.IftheSEDBUKefficiencyinaboilermanufacturer’sliteraturedoesnotstatewhetheritisSEDBUK2009orSEDBUK2005,itshouldbeassumedtobeSEDBUK2005.

8 Efficiencyisheatoutputdividedbycalorificvalueoffuel.Thenetcalorificvalueofafuelexcludesthelatentheatofwatervapourintheexhaust,andsoislowerthanthegrosscalorificvalue.EuropeanstandardsnormallyusenetcalorificvalueswhileSAP2012usesgrossvalues.SAPTableE4givesfactorsforconvertingnetefficiencytogrossefficiency.



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Table 1 Recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for building services (continued)

Oil-fired wet central heating

Seasonal efficiency

SEDBUK 20097 SEDBUK 2005/SEDBUK

Condensingregularboilers 88% 90%

Condensingcombinationboilers 86% 86%

Non-condensingregularboilers(wherepermitted) 84% 85%

Non-condensingcombinationboilers(wherepermitted) 82% 82%

Rangecookerboilers 80% 80%

Oil-fired appliances Efficiency (gross)

Continuously-burningvaporisingforsecondaryheatingorhotwater SeeSection3.4

Fixedindependentforprimaryandsecondaryspaceheating 60%

Electric heating Efficiency

Boilersservingcentralheating N/A

Warmair N/A

Panelheaters N/A

Storage,includingintegratedstorage/direct N/A

Solid fuel heating Efficiency (gross) Feed

B1 Simpleopenfire–inset 37% Batch

B2 Openfire–freestandingconvector 47% Batch

B3 Openfireinsetconvector 45%mineralfuels

43%woodfuels

C1/2 Openfireandboiler(insetorfreestanding) 50% Batch

D1/2/3 Openfire+highoutputboiler(trapeziumandrectangulargrates)

63% Batch

D4 Openfire+highoutputboiler(rectangle) 63% Batch

E1 Dryroomheater(drystove) 65% Batch/auto

E2 Dryroomheater–woodlogsonly 65% Batch

E3 Dryroomheater–multi-fuel 65% Batch



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E4 Dryroomheater–pelletstove 65%partload

70%nominalload

Auto

F Roomheaterwithboiler 67%mineralfuelsandwoodlogs

70%woodpellets–partload

75%woodpellets–nominalload

Batch/auto

G1 Cookerwithoutboilernotexceeding3.5kW 65%mineralfuels55%woodfuels

Batch

G2 Cookerwithheatingboilerexceeding3.5kW 65%mineralfuels60%woodfuels

Batch

J2 Independentboiler–woodlogsonly 75% Batch

J3 Independentboiler–multi-fuel 65%mineralfuels75%woodlogs

Batch

J4 Independentboiler–anthracite 70%upto20.5kW75%above20.5kW

Auto

J5 Independentboiler–wood/pellets/chips 75%nominalload70%partload

Auto

Slowheatreleaseappliances 65% Batch

One-offtiled/mortaredstoves 70% Batch

Community heating Seasonal efficiency

Boilers SeeNon-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide

Mechanical ventilation Specific fan power (SFP) (W/(l.s))

Intermittentextract 0.5

Continuousextract 0.7

Continuoussupply 0.5

Continuoussupplyandextractwithheatrecovery 1.5

Heat recovery Dry heat recovery efficiency

Balancedmechanicalventilationsystems 70%



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Heat pumps – electrically driven Coefficient of performance (COP)

New build9 Existing build

Air-to-air Spaceheating12kW SeasonalCOP‘D’ratingforthemediantemperaturerangeinBSEN1482510

Allothers Spaceheating 2.5atratingconditionsinBSEN1451111

2.2atratingconditionsinBSEN14511

Domestichotwater 2.0atratingconditionsinBSEN14511

Comfort cooling Energy efficiency ratio (EER)

Air-cooledairconditionersworkingincoolingmode 2.4

Water-cooledairconditionersworkingincoolingmode 2.5

Fixedairconditioners ClassCinSchedule3ofthelabellingscheme(TheEnergyInformation(HouseholdAirConditioners)(No2)Regulations,SI2005/1726)

Solar water heating Circulation pump power

50W2%ofpeakthermalpowerofcollector

Fixed lighting Lighting efficacy

Internallightfittings(75%) 45lamplumenspercircuit-watt

Externallighting–automaticpresenceanddaylightcontrol Lampcapacity100lamp-wattsperlightfitting

Externallighting–manualswitchingandautomaticdaylightcontrol 45lumenspercircuit-watt

Micro-CHP Heating plant emission rate (HPER)

SeeSection13.3a.

Heating system circulators Energy Efficiency Index

GlandlessstandaloneGlandless,standaloneandintegrated

0.27until31July20150.23from1August2015

9 SAP2012calculationsusetheheatpumpseasonalperformancefactor(SPF)–eithermeasuredvaluesforproductslistedintheProductCharacteristicsDatabase,orthedefaultvaluesinTable4aforproductsnotlisted.

10 Seasonalcoefficientofperformance(SCOP)isthecurrentEcodesignDirectivemeasureforspaceheatingair-to-airheatpumpswithanoutputofupto12kW.Eventually,themeasureusedwillbetheseasonalprimaryenergyefficiencyratio(SPEER),withtestingandratingtoBSEN14825:2013Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling. Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance.EnergylabellingwiththeSPEERratingwillbemandatoryfrom2015.

11 RatingconditionsarestandardisedconditionsfordeterminingperformancespecifiedinBSEN14511:2013Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling.



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Section 2: Gas-fired space and water heating

2.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofgas-firedspaceheatingandhotwatersystems12indwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.Theguidanceappliestosystemsfuelledbynaturalgasandliquidpetroleumgas(LPG)andcovers:

• wetcentralheatingsystems

• rangecookerswithintegralcentralheatingboilers

• warmairheatingsystems

• fixedindependentspaceheatingdevices.

2.2 Gas-fired wet central heating systemsNew systems

Newsystemsforgas-firedwetcentralheatinginnewandexistingdwellingsshouldmeettheminimumstandardsfor:

a. boilerefficiency,systemcirculation,hotwaterstorage,systempreparationandcommissioninginTable2

b. boilerinterlock,zoning,andtimeandtemperaturecontroloftheheatingandhotwatercircuitsinTable3

c. pipeworkinsulationinTable5.

Existing systems

Componentsinstalledasreplacementsinexistingsystemsshouldmeetthesamestandardsasfornewsystems,exceptwhereindicatedotherwiseinTable4.

Table4inadditionidentifiesgoodpracticeupgradestotherestofthesystem(beyondtherequirementsoftheBuildingRegulations)whenmakingplannedandemergencyreplacements.

12 AllgasappliancesmustbeinstalledbyacompetentpersoninaccordancewiththecurrentissueoftheGasSafety(InstallationandUse)Regulations.Theinstallationshouldfollowthemanufacturer’sinstructionsandshouldcomplywithallrelevantpartsoftheBuildingRegulationsand,forwetsystems,theWaterRegulations.



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Table 2 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency, system circulation, hot water storage, system preparation and commissioning for gas-fired wet central heating systems

Minimum standard Supplementary information

1.0 Efficiency

a. TheboilerSEDBUK2009efficiencyshouldbenotlessthan88%.

b. Inexistingdwellings,intheexceptionalcircumstancesdefinedintheDCLGGuide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellings13,theboilerSEDBUK2009efficiencyshouldbenotlessthan78%ifnaturalgas-fired,ornotlessthan80%ifLPG-fired.

c. TheboilerefficiencyforheatingboilersthatarecombinedwithrangecookersshouldbeasdefinedinSection2.3.

TheSAPProductCharacteristicsDatabase(PCDB)atwww.ncm-pcdb.org.uk/sapdisplaysseparateSAPwinterandsummerseasonalefficienciesforboilersheldwithinit.SAP2012(availableatwww.bre.co.uk/sap2012)usesthesevaluestocalculatethecarbondioxideemissionrateforadwelling.SAPwinterandsummerseasonalefficienciesarederivedfromSEDBUK2009values.

SEDBUK2009andSEDBUK2005efficiencyvaluesaredifferent.IftheSEDBUKefficiencyinaboilermanufacturer’sliteraturedoesnotstatewhetheritisSEDBUK2009orSEDBUK2005,itshouldbeassumedtobeSEDBUK2005.MinimumSEDBUK2005efficiencyvaluesforboilersaresetoutinTable1andinthe2010editionofthisguide.

TheDCLGGuide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellingssetsouttheapprovedprocedureforestablishingtheexceptionalcircumstancesinwhichboilersmaybeofthenon-condensingtype.

Systemswithcondensingboilersshouldbedesignedtohavelowprimaryreturnwatertemperatures,preferablylessthan55°C,tomaximisecondensingoperation.Lowreturnwatertemperaturescanbeobtainedthroughtechniquessuchasweathercompensationandtheuseoflowtemperatureheatemitters(forexamplecorrectly-sizedradiatorsandunderfloorheatingelements).

Lowtemperatureheatemitterswillalsobecompatiblewithlowtemperatureheatgenerators,suchasheatpumps,thatmightbeinstalledasreplacementsinthefuture.

2.0 System circulation

a. Spaceheatingsystemsanddomestichotwaterprimarycircuitsshouldhavefullypumpedcirculation.

b. Iftheboilermanufacturer’sinstructionsadviseinstallationofabypass,anautomaticbypassvalveshouldbeprovidedandthemanufacturer’sinstructionsonminimumpipelengthfollowed.

13 Guide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellings,ODPM,2005.Availablefromwww.planningportal.gov.uk/approveddocuments



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Table 2 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency, system circulation, hot water storage, system preparation and commissioning for gas-fired wet central heating systems (continued)


3.0 Hot water storage

a. VentedcopperhotwaterstoragecylindersshouldcomplywiththeheatlossandheatexchangerrequirementsofBS1566:2002Part1.

b. CopperhotwaterstoragecombinationunitsshouldcomplywithBS3198:1981.

c. PrimarystoragesystemsshouldmeettheinsulationrequirementsoftheHotWaterAssociationPerformance specification for thermal stores.

d. UnventedhotwaterstoragesystemproductsshouldcomplywithBSEN12897:2006oranequivalentstandard.

e. Thestandingheatlossforallhotwaterstoragevesselsina.,b.,c.andd.aboveshouldnotexceedQ1.15(0.20.051V2/3)kWh/day,whereVisthevolumeofthecylinderinlitres.

f. Allhotwatervesselsshouldcarryalabelwiththefollowinginformation:

i. typeofvessel(vented,unvented,combinationunitorthermalstore)

ii. nominalcapacityinlitres

iii.standingheatlossinkWh/day

iv.heatexchangerperformanceinkW

v. referencetoproductcompliancewithrelevantstandard(e.g.BS1566,BSEN12897)andlogosofaccreditationbodiesasrequired.

Forlabellingrequirementsforotherheatinputs,seerelevantsections(e.g.Section11forsolar).

IfaventedcylinderisnotmadefromcopperthentheheatlossandheatexchangecharacteristicsshouldbetestedinaccordancewithBSEN12897:2006.

TheHWAthermalstoragespecificationisavailableforfreedownloadfromwww.hotwater.org.uk.

British Standards

BS1566-1:2002Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes. Open vented copper cylinders. Requirements and test methods.

BSEN12897:2006Water supply. Specification for indirectly heated unvented (closed) storage water heaters.

BS3198:1981Copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes.



17


Table 2 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency, system circulation, hot water storage, system preparation and commissioning for gas-fired wet central heating systems (continued)


4.0 System preparation and water treatment

a. Centralheatingsystemsshouldbethoroughlycleanedandflushedoutbeforeinstallinganewboiler.

b. Duringfinalfillingofthesystem,achemicalwatertreatmentinhibitormeetingthemanufacturer’sspecificationorotherappropriatestandardshouldbeaddedtotheprimarycircuittocontrolcorrosionandtheformationofscaleandsludge.

c. Installersshouldalsorefertotheboilermanufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforappropriatetreatmentproductsandspecialrequirementsforindividualboilermodels.

d. Wherethemainstotalwaterhardnessexceeds200partspermillion,provisionshouldbemadetotreatthefeedwatertowaterheatersandthehotwatercircuitofcombinationboilerstoreducetherateofaccumulationoflimescale.

e. Forsolarthermalsystems,seeSection11.

InhibitorsshouldbeBuildCertapprovedorequivalent.

Limescalecanbecontrolledbytheuseofchemicallimescaleinhibitors,combinedcorrosionandlimescaleinhibitors,polyphosphatedosing,electrolyticscalereducersorwatersofteners.TherelevantstandardforwatertreatmentisBS7593:2006Code of practice for treatment of water in domestic hot water central heating systems.BS7593notesthat“naturallysoftwatersoflowalkalinityorthosesuppliedviaabase-exchangeresinsoftenerhaveanincreasedpotentialforcorrosion,and,iftheyareusedinanycentralheatingsystem,acorrosioninhibitorspecificallyformulatedforthepurposeshouldbeaddedandproperlymaintained.”Manufacturersshouldbeconsultedforadvice,payingparticularattentiontodosagelevels.

Specialradiatorvalvesareavailablethatwillsealofftheradiatoraswellastheheatingcircuittopreventlossofinhibitorwhenremovingaradiatorforserviceormaintenance.

Afiltercanalsobefittedtothecentralheatingcircuittohelpmaintaintheefficiencyandreliabilityofthesystem.

5.0 Commiss-ioning

a. Oncompletionoftheinstallationofaboilerorhotwaterstoragesystemandassociatedequipmentsuchaspipework,pumpsandcontrols,theequipmentshouldbecommissionedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructions.Theseinstructionswillbespecifictotheparticularboilerorhotwaterstoragesystem.

b. Theinstallershouldexplainfullytotheuserhowtooperatethesysteminanenergyefficientmanner,andleavebehindanyusermanualsprovidedbymanufacturers.

The Benchmark System

TheBenchmarkCommissioningChecklistcanbeusedtoshowthatcommissioninghasbeencarriedoutsatisfactorily.Benchmarklicence-holdersprovideachecklistwiththeapplianceforcompletionbythepersonscommissioningthesystemsothattheycanrecordthatallthecheckshavebeenmadeandtheresultsshowefficientoperationoftheequipmentincompliancewiththeBuildingRegulations.TheBenchmarkchecklistshouldbeprovidedtothebuilder,orthehouseholderinthecaseofworkinexistingdwellings,anappointedagent,ortheenduser.ABenchmarkCommissioningChecklistwillbeincludedinallHHICgasboilermanufacturermembers’installationmanualstohelpinstallersrecordinformationabouttheinstallationinordertoassistwithservicingandrepairs.Forexample,detailsofsystemcleanersandinhibitorscanberecorded.OnlymanufacturingcompanieswhoholdaBenchmarklicencewillbeeligibletousetheBenchmarklogoandtheapprovedlogbookwordingandlayout.(BenchmarkisregisteredasaEuropeanCollectiveMarkbytheHeatingandHotWaterIndustryCouncil,andthecontentiscopyright.)



18


Table 3 Recommended minimum controls for gas-fired wet central heating systems[1]

Control type Minimum standard

1.0 Boiler interlock

a. Systemcontrolsshouldbewiredsothatwhenthereisnodemandforspaceheatingorhotwater,theboilerandpumpareswitchedoff.

2.0Zoning

a. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldhaveatleasttwospaceheatingzones,eachwithanindependentlycontrolledheatingcircuit[2].

b. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea[3]150m2mayhaveasinglespaceheatingzone[4].

3.0Control of space heating

a. Eachspaceheatingcircuitshouldbeprovidedwith:

i. independenttimecontrol,andeither:

ii. aroomthermostatorprogrammableroomthermostatlocatedinareferenceroom[5]servedbytheheatingcircuit,togetherwithindividualradiatorcontrolssuchasthermostaticradiatorvalves(TRVs)onallradiatorsoutsidethereferencerooms,or

iii.individualnetworkedradiatorcontrolsineachroomonthecircuit.

4.0Control of hot water

a. Domestichotwatercircuitssuppliedfromahotwaterstore(i.e.notproducedinstantaneouslyasbyacombinationboiler)shouldbeprovidedwith:

i. independenttimecontrol,and

ii. electrictemperaturecontrolusing,forexample,acylinderthermostatandazonevalveorthree-portvalve.(Iftheuseofazonevalveisnotappropriate,aswiththermalstores,asecondpumpcouldbesubstitutedforthezonevalve.)

Notes[1] Alwaysalsofollowmanufacturers’instructions.[2] Aheatingcircuitreferstoapipeworkrunservinganumberofradiatorsthatiscontrolledbyitsownzonevalve.[3] Therelevantfloorareaistheareawithintheinsulatedenvelopeofthedwelling,includinginternalcupboardsand

stairwells.[4] TheSAPnotionaldwellingassumesatleasttwospaceheatingzonesforallfloorareas,unlessthedwellingissingle

storey,openplanwithalivingarea70%ofthetotalfloorarea.[5] Areferenceroomisaroomthatwillactasthemaintemperaturecontrolforthewholecircuitandwherenoother

formofsystemtemperaturecontrolispresent.



19


Table 4 Recommended minimum standards when replacing components of gas-fired wet central heating systems[1]

Component Reason Minimum standard Good practice[2]

1.0Hot water cylinder

Emergency a. Forcopperventedcylindersandcombinationunits,thestandinglossesshouldnotexceedQ1.28(0.20.051V2/3)kWh/day,whereVisthevolumeofthecylinderinlitres.

b. Installanelectrictemperaturecontrol,suchasacylinderthermostat.Wherethecylinderorinstallationisofatypethatprecludesthefittingofwiredcontrols,installeitherawirelessorthermo-mechanicalhotwatercylinderthermostatorelectrictemperaturecontrol.

c. Ifseparatetimecontrolfortheheatingcircuitisnotpresent,useofsingletimecontrolforspaceheatingandhotwaterisacceptable.

a. Upgradegravity-fedsystemstofullypumped.

b. Installaboilerinterlockandseparatetimingforspaceheatingandhotwater.

Planned d. Installaboilerinterlockandseparatetimingforspaceheatingandhotwater.

c. Upgradegravity-fedsystemstofullypumped.

2.0Boiler

Emergency/planned

a. TheefficiencyofthenewapplianceshouldbeasspecifiedfornewsystemsinTable2andnotsignificantlylessthantheefficiencyoftheappliancebeingreplaced–assetoutinparagraph1.8.

b. Toensurereasonableseasonalefficiency,installaboilerinterlockasdefinedfornewsystems.


b. Fitindividualradiatorcontrolssuchasthermostaticradiatorvalves(TRVs)onallradiatorsexceptthoseinthereferenceroom.

3.0Radiator

Emergency a. FitaTRVtothereplacementradiatorifinaroomwithoutaroomthermostat.

Planned b. FitTRVstoallradiatorsinroomswithoutaroomthermostat.

4.0New heating system – existing pipework retained

Planned a. Installaboilerinterlockasdefinedfornewsystems.

b. FitindividualradiatorcontrolssuchasTRVsonallradiatorsexceptthoseinthereferenceroom.

a. Indwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2,installatleasttwoheatingcircuits,eachwithindependenttimeandtemperaturecontrol,togetherwithindividualradiatorcontrolssuchasTRVsonallradiatorsexceptthoseinthereferencerooms.

Notes[1] Alwaysalsofollowmanufacturers’instructions.[2] Bestpracticewouldbeasforanewsystem.



20


Table 5 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in gas-fired wet central heating systems


a. PipesshouldbeinsulatedtocomplywiththemaximumpermissibleheatlossindicatedintheSupplementaryinformationcolumn,andlabelledaccordingly,asfollows:

i. Primarycirculationpipesforheatingcircuitsshouldbeinsulatedwherevertheypassoutsidetheheatedlivingspaceorthroughvoidswhichcommunicatewithandareventilatedfromunheatedspaces.

ii. Primarycirculationpipesfordomestichotwatercircuitsshouldbeinsulatedthroughouttheirlength,subjectonlytopracticalconstraintsimposedbytheneedtopenetratejoistsandotherstructuralelements.

iii.Allpipesconnectedtohotwaterstoragevessels,includingtheventpipe,shouldbeinsulatedforatleast1metrefromtheirpointsofconnectiontothecylinder(ortheyshouldbeinsulateduptothepointwheretheybecomeconcealed).

iv. Ifsecondarycirculationisused,allpipeskepthotbythatcirculationshouldbeinsulated.

b. Wheneveraboilerorhotwaterstoragevesselisreplacedinanexistingsystem,anypipesthatareexposedaspartoftheworkorareotherwiseaccessibleshouldbeinsulatedasrecommendedabove–ortosomelesserstandardwherepracticalconstraintsdictate.

Pipe outside diameter (mm)8

1012152228354254

Maximum heat loss (W/m)7.067.237.357.899. 1 2

10.0711 .0812. 1 914. 1 2

Inassessingthethicknessofinsulationrequired,standardisedconditionsshouldbeassumedinallcompliancecalculations,basedonahorizontalpipeat60°Cinstillairat15°C.

FurtherguidanceonconvertingheatlosslimitstoinsulationthicknessforspecificthermalconductivitiesisavailableinTIMSAHVAC guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations.

Insulation of pipework in unheated areasItmaybenecessarytoprotectcentralheatingandhotwaterpipeworkinunheatedareasagainstfreezing.Guidanceisavailablein:

• BS5422:2009 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range -40°C to +700°C.

• BREReportNo262 Thermal insulation: avoiding risks, 2002edition.



21


2.3 Gas-fired range cookers with integral central heating boilerNote:Thissectiondoesnotapplytoapplianceswithfullyindependentboilerandcookerpartswithinasharedcase.Forthese,thestandardsfortheboilerareassetoutinSection2.2.

Wheregas-firedrangecookerswithanintegralcentralheatingboiler(withinasingleappliancebody)areprovidedaspartofanewsystemorasareplacementcomponent:

a. Theapplianceshouldhavetwoindependentlycontrolledburners(oneforthecookingfunctionandonefortheboiler).

b. TheSEDBUK2009efficiencyoftheintegralboilershouldbenotlessthan75%.Themanufacturer’sdeclarationofapplianceperformanceandSEDBUKvalueshouldincludethefollowingwords:

i. Seasonal efficiency (SEDBUK) = xx %

ii. Case heat emission value = yy kW

iii. Heat transfer to water at full load = zz kW

iv. The values are used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for the energy rating of dwellings. The test data from which the values have been calculated has been certified by {insert name and/or identification of Notified Body}. See: www.rangeefficiency.org.uk.

Iftheintegralboilerisacondensingboiler,thedeclarationshouldmakeclearwhethertheefficiencyhasbeencalculatedinaccordancewithSEDBUK2005orSEDBUK2009.Ifitdoesnot,thenSEDBUK2005mustbeassumed.

c. Theintegralboilershouldmeettheminimumstandardsforsystemcirculation,hotwaterstorage,systempreparation,commissioning,controlsandinsulationinTables2,3and5(gas-firedcentralheatingsystems).

2.4 Gas-fired warm air heatingNewsystemsandreplacementcomponentsforgas-firedwarmairheatingshouldmeettheminimumstandardsfor:

a. efficiencyandinstallationinTable6

b. zoning,timecontrolandtemperaturecontrolfor(a)spaceheatingwithouthotwaterand(b)spaceheatingcombinedwithwaterheatinginTable7.



22


Table 6 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency and installation of gas-fired warm air heating systems


1.0 Efficiency

a. Gas-firedwarmairunitsshouldmeettherequirements,asappropriatetothedesignoftheappliance,of:

i. BSEN778:2009,or

ii. BSEN1319:2009.

b. Ifagas-firedcirculatorisincorporatedinthewarmairunittoprovidedomestichotwater,itshouldbeabletodeliverfullandpartloadefficiencyatleastequaltothatprescribedbyBSEN483:1999+A4:2007.

c. Themanufacturer’sdeclarationofapplianceperformanceshouldincludethefollowingwords:

i. Combined warm air unit and circulator This product has been assessed against the test methods set out in BS EN 778:2009/BS EN 1319:2009/BS EN 483* and certified as meeting those minimum requirements by {insert name and/or identification of Notified Body}.

ii. Warm air unit alone This product has been assessed against the test method set out in BS EN 778:2009/ BS EN 1319:2009* and certified as meeting the minimum requirements by {insert name and/or identification ofNotifiedBody}.*Deleteasappropriate

British Standards

BSEN778:2009Domestic gas-fired forced convection air heaters for space heating not exceeding a net heat input of 70 kW, without a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and/or combustion products.

BSEN1319:2009Domestic gas-fired forced convection air heaters for space heating, with fan-assisted burners not exceeding a net heat input of 70 kW.

BSEN483:1999+A4:2007Gas-fired central heating boilers. Type C boilers of nominal heat input not exceeding 70 kW.

2.0 Installation

a. ThesystemshouldbeinstalledinaccordancewithBS5864:2010.

b. DuctworkthatisnewlyinstalledorreplacedshouldbeinsulatedinaccordancewiththerecommendationsofBS5422:2009.

BS5864:2010Installation and maintenance of gas-fired ducted air heaters of rated input not exceeding 70 kW net (second and third family gases). Specification.

BS5422:2009Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range -40°C to +700°C.



23


Table 7 Recommended minimum controls for gas-fired warm air heating systems

(a) Without hot water Minimum standard

1.0 Time and temperature control

a. Wherecontrolsareexternaltotheheater,thesystemshouldbeprovidedwithatimeswitch/programmerandroomthermostat,orprogrammableroomthermostat.

b. Wherecontrolsareintegratedintheheater,thesystemshouldbeprovidedwithatimeswitch/programmerandroomtemperaturesensorlinkedtoheaterfiringandfanspeedcontrol.

2.0 Zoning

a. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldbedividedintoatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenttemperaturecontrols,oneofwhichisassignedtothelivingarea.

b. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldbeprovidedwithatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenttimeandtemperaturecontrols.

(b) With hot water


a. Thereshouldbepumpedprimarycirculationtothehotwatercylinder.

2.0 Time and temperature control

a. Thespaceheatingandhotwatercircuitsshouldbeprovidedwithindependenttimecontrol.

b. Independenttemperaturecontrolofthehotwatercircuitshouldbeimplementedwithacylinderthermostatandatimingdevice,wiredsuchthatwhenthereisnodemandforhotwaterboththepumpandcirculatorareswitchedoff.

3.0 Zoning

a. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldhaveatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenttimecontrols,oneofwhichisassignedtothelivingarea.

b. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldhaveatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenttimeandtemperaturecontrols.

2.5 Gas-fired fixed independent space heating appliancesFixedindependentspaceheatingappliancesmaybeinstalledasameansofprimaryorsecondaryspaceheating.

Gas-fired fixed independent appliances for primary space heating

Wheregas-firedfixedindependentspaceheatingappliancesinnewandexistingdwellingsareprovidedastheprimaryheatsource:

a. TheapplianceshouldbeoneofthetypesdescribedinTable8.

b. Theefficiencyoftheappliance(grosscalorificvalue)shouldbenotlessthan63%(70%net).

c. Theappliancemanufacturer’sdeclarationofapplianceperformanceshouldincludethefollowingwords:

The efficiency of this appliance has been measured as specified in {insert appropriate entry from Table 8} and the result after conversion to gross using the appropriate factor from Table E4 of SAP 2012 is [x]%. The test data has been certified by {insert name and/or identification of Notified Body}. The gross efficiency value may be used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for energy rating of dwellings.



24


d. Innewdwellings,eachapplianceshouldbecapable,eitherindependentlyorinconjunctionwithroomthermostatsorothersuitabletemperaturesensingdevices,ofcontrollingthetemperaturesindependentlyinareasthathavedifferentheatingneeds(e.g.separatesleepingandlivingareas).Inexistingdwellings,whereverpractical,temperaturecontrolsshouldbeupgradedtothestandardsrequiredfornewdwellings.

Table 8 Acceptable types of natural gas and LPG-fired fixed independent appliance for primary space heating

British Standard designation (appliance type)

BSEN1266:2002Independent gas-fired convection heaters incorporating a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and/or flue gases.

BS7977-1:2009+A1:2013Specification for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances. Radiant/convectors.

BSEN613:2001Independent gas-fired convection heaters.

BSEN13278:2013Open fronted gas-fired independent space heaters.

Gas-fired fixed independent appliances for secondary space heating

Wheregas-firedfixedindependentspaceheatingappliancesareprovidedasthesecondaryheatsource:

a. Innewdwellings,theapplianceefficiency(grosscalorificvalue)shouldbenotlessthan63%(70%net).

b. Inexistingdwellings,theapplianceefficiency(grosscalorificvalue)shouldbenotlessthan45%(50%net).


The efficiency of this appliance has been measured as specified in {insert appropriate entry from Table 9} and the result after conversion to gross using the appropriate factor from Table E4 of SAP 2012 is [x]%. The test data has been certified by {insert name and/or identification of Notified Body}. The efficiency value may be used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for energy rating of dwellings.

Table 9 Acceptable types of natural gas and LPG-fired fixed independent appliance for secondary space heating

BSEN1266:2002Independent gas-fired convection heaters incorporating a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and/or flue gases.

BS7977-1:2009+A1:2013Specification for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances. Radiant/convectors.

BSEN613:2001Independent gas-fired convection heaters.

BSEN13278:2013Open fronted gas-fired independent space heaters.

FluelessBSEN14829:2007Independent gas-fired flueless space heaters for nominal heat input not exceeding 6 kW.

Thermalefficiencyrequirementsforthistypeofappliancearenotspecifiedasalltheheatproducedbythecombustionprocessisreleasedintothespacetobeheated.InSAP2012theefficiencyoftheseappliancesisclassedas90%andanadjustmentismadeforventilationinthespaceheatingrequirementcalculation.

BSEN449:2002+A1:2007Specification for dedicated liquefied petroleum gas appliances. Domestic flueless space heaters (including diffusive catalytic combustion heaters).



25


2.6 Gas-fired fixed decorative fuel-effect firesThistypeofapplianceisintendedfordecorativepurposesandthereforeaminimumthermalefficiencyisnotspecified.NotethatforthepurposesofSAP2012theefficiencyofdecorativefuel-effectfiresisclassedas20%inthespaceheatingrequirementcalculation.SeeTable4aofSAP2012.

Gas-fireddecorativefiresinnewandexistingdwellingsshould:

a. meettheproductstandardsinBSEN509:2000Decorative fuel-effect gas appliances

b. numbernotmorethanoneapplianceper100m2ofdwellingfloorarea.

2.7 Gas fires for secondary space heating provided as part of a combined fire and back boiler unitWheregasfiresareprovidedasasecondaryheatsourceaspartofacombinedfireandbackboilerunitinanexistingsystem:

a. TheapplianceshouldbeoneofthetypesdescribedinTable10.

b. Theefficiency(grosscalorificvalue)oftheapplianceshouldbenotlessthanthevalueinTable10forthattypeofappliance.


The efficiency of this appliance has been measured as specified in {insert appropriate entry from Table 10} and the result after conversion to gross using the appropriate factor from Table E4 of SAP 2012 is [x]%. The test data from which it has been calculated has been certified by {insert name and/or identification of Notified Body}. The efficiency value may be used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for energy rating of dwellings.

Table 10 Minimum appliance efficiencies for gas fires in a combined fire and back boiler unit

British Standard designation (appliance type)

Minimum efficiency % (gross calorific value)

Natural gas LPG

Inset live fuel-effectBS7977-2:2003Specification for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances. Combined appliances. Gas fire/back boiler.

45 46

All types except inset live fuel-effectBS7977-2:2003Specification for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances. Combined appliances. Gas fire/back boiler.

63 64



26


Supplementary information

Energy Efficiency Best Practice in Housing

CE30Domestic heating by gas: boiler systems.

CE51Central heating system specifications (CHeSS).

CE54Whole house boiler sizing method for houses and flats.

SBGI publications on gas boilers and gas fires

Seewww.sbgi.org.uk.

CORGI Domestic Manual Series

GID1Essential gas safety.

GID2Gas cookers and ranges.

GID3Gas fires and space heaters.

GID5Water heaters.

GID7Central heating wet and dry.

CORGI Design Guides

WCH1Wet central heating system design guide.

WAH1Warm air heating system design guide.

British Standards

BS5440-1:2008Flueing and ventilation for gas appliances of rated input not exceeding 70 kW net (1st, 2nd and 3rd family gases). Specification for installation of gas appliances to chimneys and for maintenance of chimneys.

BS5440-2:2009Flueing and ventilation for gas appliances of rated input not exceeding 70 kW net (1st, 2nd and 3rd family gases). Specification for the installation and maintenance of ventilation provision for gas appliances.

BSEN12828:2012Heating systems in buildings. Design for water-based heating systems.

BSEN12831:2003Heating systems in buildings. Method for calculation of the design heat load.

BSEN14336:2004Heating systems in buildings. Installation and commissioning of water-based heating systems.

BS6798:2009Specification for installation and maintenance of gas-fired boilers of rated input not exceeding 70 kW net.

BS5871-1:2007Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas fires, convector heaters, fire/back boilers and decorative fuel effect gas appliances. Gas fires, convector heaters, fire/back boilers and heating stoves (2nd and 3rd family gases).

BS5871-2:2005Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas fires, convector heaters, fire/back boilers and decorative fuel effect gas appliances. Inset live fuel effect gas fires of heat input not exceeding 15 kW, and fire/back boilers (2nd and 3rd family gases).

BS5871-3:2005Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas fires, convector heaters, fire/back boilers and decorative fuel effect gas appliances. Decorative fuel effect gas appliances of heat input not exceeding 20 kW (2nd and 3rd family gases).

BS5871-4:2007Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas fires, convector heaters, fire/back boilers and decorative fuel effect gas appliances. Independent gas-fired flueless fires, convector heaters and heating stoves of nominal heat input not exceeding 6 kW (2nd and 3rd family gases).



http://www.sbgi.org.uk

27

Section 3: Oil-fired space and water heating


3.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofoil-firedspaceheatingandhotwatersystems14indwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.Theguidanceappliestothefollowingtypesofoil-firedheatingsystem:

• wetcentralheatingsystems

• rangecookerswithintegralcentralheatingboilers

• vaporisingappliancesprovidingsecondaryheatingorhotwater

• fixedindependentspaceheatingdevices.

3.2 Oil-fired wet central heating systemsNew systems

Newsystemsforoil-firedcentralheatinginnewandexistingdwellingsshouldmeettheminimumstandardsfor:

a. boilerefficiency,systemcirculation,hotwaterstorage,systempreparationandcommissioninginTable11

b. boilerinterlock,zoning,andtimeandtemperaturecontroloftheheatingandhotwatercircuitsinTable12

c. pipeworkinsulationinTable14.

Work on existing systems

Componentsinstalledasreplacementsinexistingsystemsshouldmeetthesamestandardsasfornewsystems,exceptwhereindicatedotherwiseinTable13.

Table13inadditionidentifiesgoodpracticeupgradestotherestofthesystemwhenmakingplannedandemergencyreplacementsthatgobeyondtherequirementsoftheBuildingRegulations.

14 Alloilappliancesmustbeinstalledbyacompetentperson.Theinstallationshouldfollowthemanufacturer’sinstructionsandshouldcomplywithallrelevantpartsoftheBuildingRegulationsand,forwetsystems,theWaterRegulations.



28


Table 11 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency, system circulation, hot water storage, system preparation and commissioning for oil-fired wet central heating systems


1.0 Efficiency

Regular boilers

a. Theboilershouldbeofthecondensingtype.

b. TheboilerSEDBUK2009efficiencyshouldbenotlessthan88%.

c. Inexistingdwellings,compliancewiththerequirementsforboilerefficiencycanbedemonstratedbyfollowingtheguidanceintheDCLGGuide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellings.TheboilerSEDBUK2009efficiencyshouldbenotlessthan84%.

Combination boilers

d. Theboilershouldbeofthecondensingtype.TheboilerSEDBUK2009efficiencyshouldbenotlessthan86%.

e. Inexistingdwellings,compliancewiththerequirementsforboilerefficiencycanbedemonstratedbyfollowingtheguidanceintheDCLGGuide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellings.TheboilerSEDBUK2009efficiencyshouldbenotlessthan82%.

Range cooker boilers

f. TheboilerefficiencyforheatingboilersthatarecombinedwithrangecookersshouldbeasdefinedinSection3.3Oil-fired cookers with integral central heating boilers.

TheBoilerEfficiencyDatabaseatwww.boilers.org.ukispartoftheSAPProductCharacteristicsDatabase(PCDB)anddisplaysseparateSAPwinterandsummerseasonalefficienciesforboilersheldwithinit.SAP2012(availableatwww.bre.co.uk/sap2012)usesthesevaluestocalculatethecarbondioxideemissionrateforadwelling.SAPwinterandsummerseasonalefficienciesarederivedfromSEDBUK2009values.

SEDBUK2009andSEDBUK2005efficiencyvaluesaredifferent.IftheSEDBUKefficiencyinaboilermanufacturer’sliteraturedoesnotstatewhetheritisSEDBUK2009orSEDBUK2005,itshouldbeassumedtobeSEDBUK2005.MinimumSEDBUK2005efficiencyvaluesforboilersaresetoutinTable1andinthe2010editionofthisguide.

TheDCLGGuide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellingssetsouttheapprovedprocedureforestablishingtheexceptionalcircumstancesinwhichboilersmaybeofthenon-condensingtype.

Systemswithcondensingboilersshouldbedesignedtohavelowprimaryreturnwatertemperatures,preferablylessthan55°C,tomaximisecondensingoperation.Lowreturnwatertemperaturescanbeobtainedthroughtechniquessuchasweathercompensationandtheuseoflowtemperatureheatemitters(forexamplecorrectly-sizedradiatorsandunderfloorheatingelements).

Lowtemperatureheatemitterswillalsobecompatiblewithlowtemperatureheatgenerators,suchasheatpumps,thatmightbeinstalledasreplacementsinthefuture.


a. Spaceheatingsystemsanddomestichotwaterprimarycircuitsshouldhavefullypumpedcirculation.

b. Iftheboilermanufacturer’sinstructionsadviseinstallationofabypass,anautomaticbypassvalveshouldbeprovidedandthemanufacturer’sinstructionsonminimumpipelengthfollowed.



29


Table 11 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency, system circulation, hot water storage, system preparation and commissioning for oil-fired wet central heating systems (continued)



a. VentedcopperhotwaterstoragecylindersshouldcomplywiththeheatlossandheatexchangerrequirementsofBS1566-1:2002.

b. CopperhotwaterstoragecombinationunitsshouldcomplywithBS3198:1981.

c. PrimarystoragesystemsshouldmeettheinsulationrequirementsoftheHotWaterAssociationPerformance specification for thermal stores.

d. UnventedhotwaterstoragesystemproductsshouldcomplywithBSEN12897:2006oranequivalentstandard.

e. Thestandingheatlossforallhotwaterstoragevesselsina.,b.,c.andd.aboveshouldnotexceedQ1.15(0.20.051V2/3)kWh/day,whereVisthevolumeofthecylinderinlitres.

f. Allhotwatervesselsshouldcarryalabelwiththefollowinginformation:

i. typeofvessel(vented,unvented,combinationunitorthermalstore)



iv. heatexchangerperformanceinkW

v. referencetoproductcompliancewithrelevantstandard(e.g.BS1566-1,BSEN12897)andlogosofaccreditationbodiesasrequired.

Forlabellingrequirementsforotherheatinputs,seerelevantsections(e.g.Section11forsolar).

IfaventedcylinderisnotmadefromcopperthentheheatlossandheatexchangecharacteristicsshouldbetestedinaccordancewithBSEN12897:2006.

TheHWAthermalstoragespecificationisavailablefromwww.hotwater.org.uk.

British Standards



BS3198:1981Copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes.



http://www.hotwater.org.uk

30






b. Duringfinalfillingofthesystem,achemicalwatertreatmentinhibitormeetingthemanufacturer’sspecificationorotherappropriatestandardshouldbeaddedtotheprimarycircuittocontrolcorrosionandtheformationofscaleandsludge.



e. Forsolarthermalsystems,seeSection11.







31




5.0 Commissioning

a. Oncompletionoftheinstallationofaboilerorahotwaterstoragesystem,togetherwithassociatedequipmentsuchaspipework,pumpsandcontrols,theequipmentshouldbecommissionedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructions.Theseinstructionswillbespecifictotheparticularboilerorhotwaterstoragesystem.


TheOil Controlled Document System(asproducedandmanagedbyOFTEC)canbeusedtoshowthatoil-firedappliancesandrelatedsystemshavebeeninstalledandcommissionedsatisfactorilybylistingandrecordingworksandcheckswhicharedeemednecessaryfortheefficientoperationoftheapplianceandsystemincompliancewiththeBuildingRegulations.Acopyofeachcompletedformisleftwiththehouseholderoragentforrecordand/orBuildingControlinspectionpurposes,andacopyisretainedbytheissuinginstallerandengineer.

OFTECbrandedformsareprovidedfortheuseofOFTECRegisteredCompetentPersonsandnon-OFTECbrandedformsareavailableforotherscarryingoutoil-firedinstallationandcommissioningworks.ToassistinstallersOFTECoilappliancemanufacturingmembersmayprovideformsCD/10andCD/11withtheirequipment.

Controlled Document CD/10

InstallingengineersshouldcompleteOFTECFormCD/10toshowthattheyhavecompletedtheinstallationofanoil-firedapplianceandcontrolsandwetsystemcommissioningpriortofinalappliancecommissioning.

Controlled Document CD/11

Commissioningengineersofoil-firedappliancesshouldcompleteOFTECFormCD/11torecordandshowthattheyhavecompletedthecommissioningoftheapplianceandthattheyhaveleftitoperatinginasafeandefficientmanner.



32


Table 12 Recommended minimum controls for oil-fired wet central heating systems[1]



a. Systemcontrolsshouldbewiredsothatwhenthereisnodemandforspaceheatingorhotwater,theboilerandpumpareswitchedoff.

2.0Zoning



3.0Control of space heating


i. independenttimecontrol,andeither:



4.0Control of hot water

a. Domestichotwatercircuitssuppliedfromahotwaterstore(i.e.notproducedinstantaneouslyasbyacombinationboiler)shouldbeprovidedwith:









33


Table 13 Recommended minimum standards when replacing components of oil-fired wet central heating systems[1]

Component Reason Minimum standard Good practice[2]

1.0Hot water cylinder

Emergency a. Forcopperventedcylindersandcombinationunits,thestandinglossesshouldnotexceedQ1.28(0.20.051V2/3)kWh/day,whereVisthevolumeofthecylinderinlitres.

b. Installanelectrictemperaturecontrol,suchasacylinderthermostat.Wherethecylinderorinstallationisofatypethatprecludesthefittingofwiredcontrols,installeitherawirelessorthermo-mechanicalhotwatercylinderthermostatorelectrictemperaturecontrol.

c. Ifseparatetimecontrolfortheheatingcircuitisnotpresent,useofsingletimecontrolforspaceheatingandhotwaterisacceptable.


b. Installaboilerinterlockandseparatetimingforspaceheatingandhotwater.

Planned d. Installaboilerinterlockandseparatetimingforspaceheatingandhotwater.

c. Upgradegravity-fedsystemstofullypumped.

2.0Boiler

Emergency/planned

a. TheefficiencyofthenewapplianceshouldbeasspecifiedfornewsystemsinTable11andnotsignificantlylessthantheefficiencyoftheappliancebeingreplaced–assetoutinparagraph1.8.

b. Toensurereasonableseasonalefficiency,installaboilerinterlockasdefinedfornewsystems.


b. Fitindividualradiatorcontrolssuchasthermostaticradiatorvalves(TRVs)onallradiatorsexceptthoseinthereferenceroom.

3.0Radiator

Emergency a. FitaTRVtothereplacementradiatorifinaroomwithoutaroomthermostat.

Planned b. FitTRVstoallradiatorsinroomswithoutaroomthermostat.

4.0New heating system – existing pipework retained

Planned a. Installaboilerinterlockasdefinedfornewsystems.

b. FitindividualradiatorcontrolssuchasTRVsonallradiatorsexceptthoseinthereferenceroom.

a. Indwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2,installatleasttwoheatingcircuits,eachwithindependenttimeandtemperaturecontrol,togetherwithindividualradiatorcontrolssuchasTRVsonallradiatorsexceptthoseinthereferencerooms.

Notes[1] Alwaysalsofollowmanufacturers’instructions.[2] Bestpracticewouldbeasforanewsystem.



34


Table 14 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in oil-fired wet central heating systems









1012152228354254


10.0711 .0812. 1 914. 1 2



Insulation of pipework in unheated areas

Itmaybenecessarytoprotectcentralheatingandhotwaterpipeworkinunheatedareasagainstfreezing.Guidanceisavailablein:



3.3 Oil-fired range cookers with integral central heating boilersThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofoil-firedrangecookerswithintegralcentralheatingboilersforspaceheatingandhotwaterindwellings.

Note:Theguidanceappliesonlytotwin-burnercookerboilers,whichshouldnotbeconfusedwiththetypeofrangecookerdescribedasasingleburner‘dryheat’rangecooker.Thelatterisintendedonlytoprovideacookingfunction,isnotincludedinSAP2012calculations,anddoesnotcomewithinthescopeoftheBuildingRegulationsenergyefficiencyrequirements.

Whereoil-firedrangecookerswithanintegralcentralheatingboilerareprovidedaspartofnewsystemsorasreplacementcomponentsinexistingsystems:

a. Theapplianceshouldhavetwoindependentlycontrolledburners(oneforthecookingfunctionandonefortheboiler).

b. TheSEDBUK2009efficiencyoftheintegralboilershouldbenotlessthan80%.

c. Themanufacturer’sdeclarationofapplianceperformanceandSEDBUKvalueshouldincludethefollowingwords:

i. Seasonal efficiency (SEDBUK) = xx%



35


ii. Case heat emission value = yy kW

iii. Heat transfer to water at full load = zz kW

iv. The efficiency values may be used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for the energy rating of dwellings. The test data from which they have been calculated has been certified by {insert name and/or identification of Notified Body}.

Iftheintegralboilerisacondensingboiler,thedeclarationshouldmakeclearwhethertheefficiencyhasbeencalculatedinaccordancewithSEDBUK2005orSEDBUK2009.Ifitdoesnot,thenSEDBUK2005mustbeassumed.Seewww.rangeefficiency.org.uk.

d. Theintegralboilershouldmeettheminimumstandardsforoil-firedcentralheatingsystemsinTables11,12and14forsystemcirculation,hotwaterstorage,systempreparation,commissioning,controlsandinsulation.

3.4 Continuously-burning oil-fired vaporising appliances providing secondary heating or hot waterThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofoil-firedvaporisingappliancesprovidingsecondaryheatingorhotwaterfordwellings.Theguidancedoesnotapplytoapplianceswhichhavebeenconvertedfromanotherfuel(forexamplefromsolidfueltooil).

Oil-firedvaporisingappliancesprovidedwithnewsystemsorasreplacementcomponentsinexistingsystemsshouldmeettheminimumstandardsforcontrolsinTable15.

Table 15 Recommended minimum controls for continuously burning oil-fired vaporising appliances

Appliance type Minimum standardSupplementary information

a. Manuallyoperatedappliance,e.g.roomheater.

Theintegralmanualcontrolsasprovidedbyappliancemanufacturer.

Informationabouttheuseofcontrolsshouldbeclearlystatedinthemanufacturer’sliterature.

b. Electricallyoperated(modulating)appliance,e.g.roomheater.

Theintegralorremotethermostaticcontrolsasprovided(orspecified)bytheappliancemanufacturer.

Automaticon/offvaporisingappliances

c. Roomheaterproviding(secondary)spaceheating.

Theintegralthermostaticcontrolsasprovidedbytheappliancemanufacturer.

d. Roomheaterprovidingdomestichotwaterand(secondary)spaceheating.

Theintegralorremotethermostaticcontrolsasprovided(orspecified)bytheappliancemanufacturer.



36


3.5 Oil-fired fixed independent space heating appliancesThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofoil-firedfixedindependentappliancesforprimaryorsecondaryspaceheatingindwellings.

Oil-fired fixed independent appliances for primary heating

Whereoil-firedfixedindependentspaceheatingappliancesareprovidedastheprimaryheatsourceinnewdwellings:

a. Theefficiencyoftheappliance(grosscalorificvalue)shouldbenotlessthan60%.Theappliancemanufacturer’sdeclarationofapplianceperformanceshouldincludethefollowingwords:

The net efficiency of this appliance has been measured as specified in OFS A102:2004 and the result after conversion to gross using the appropriate factor from Table E4 of SAP 2012 is [x]%. The test data has been certified by {insert name and/or identification of Notified Body}. The efficiency value may be used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for energy rating of dwellings.

b. Eachapplianceshouldbecapable,eitherindependentlyorinconjunctionwithroomthermostatsorothersuitabletemperaturesensingdevices,ofcontrollingthetemperaturesindependentlyinareasthathavedifferentheatingneeds(e.g.separatesleepingandlivingareas).

Oil-fired fixed independent appliances for secondary heating

Oil-firedfixedindependentspaceheatingappliancesinnewdwellingswhichareprovidedasthesecondaryheatsourceshouldhaveanefficiency(grosscalorificvalue)ofnotlessthan60%.

Supplementary Information

EnergyEfficiencyBestPracticeinHousingpublications:

CE29Domestic heating by oil: boiler systems.

CE51Central heating system specifications (CHeSS).

CE54Whole house boiler sizing method for houses and flats.

OFTECTechnicalBooks2,3,4and5(seewww.oftec.org).

BSEN12828:2012Heating systems in buildings. Design for water-based heating systems.

BS5410-1:1997Code of practice for oil firing installations up to 45 kW output capacity for space heating and hot water supply purposes.



37

Section 4: Electric heating


ThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationoffixedelectricheatingsystemsfordwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

4.1 Scope of guidanceTheguidancegiveninthissectioncoversthefollowingtypesoffixedelectricheatingsystems:

• electricboilersservingcentralheatingsystems

• electricwarmairsystems

• electricpanelheaters

• electricstoragesystemsincludingintegratedstorage/directsystems.

Portable,plug-inappliancesarenotcoveredbytheBuildingRegulationsorbythisguide.

4.2 Electric boilers serving central heating systemsElectricboilersservingwetcentralheatingprovidedwithnewsystemsorasreplacementcomponentsinexistingsystemsshouldmeettheminimumstandardsfor:

a. systemcirculation,systempreparationandcommissioninginTable16

b. boilerinterlock,zoning,andtimecontrolandtemperaturecontrolofheatingandhotwatercircuitsinTable17

c. hotwaterstoragesystemsinTable18

d. pipeworkinsulationinTable19.



38


Table 16 Recommended minimum standards for system circulation, preparation and commissioning for electric wet central heating systems



a. Systemsforspaceheatinganddomestichotwaterprimarycircuitsinnewdwellingsshouldhavefullypumpedcirculation.

b. Iftheboilermanufacturer’sinstructionsadviseinstallationofabypass,thenanautomaticbypassvalveshouldbeused.


a. Centralheatingsystemsshouldbethoroughlycleanedandflushedbeforeinstallinganewboiler.

b. Duringfinalfillingofthesystemachemicalwatertreatmentformulationshouldbeaddedtotheprimarycircuittocontrolcorrosionandtheformationofscaleandsludge.







3.0 Commissioning

a. Manufacturers’instructionsforcommissioningshouldbefollowedandacommissioningrecordshouldbecompletedtoshowcompliance.




39


Table 17 Recommended minimum controls for electric wet central heating systems[1]


1.0 Boiler temperature control

a. Theboilershouldbefittedwithaflowtemperaturecontrolandbecapableofmodulatingthepowerinputtotheprimarywaterdependingonspaceheatingconditions.


a. Iftheboilersuppliesdomestichotwater,systemcontrolsshouldbewiredsothatwhenthereisnodemandforspaceheatingorhotwater,theboilerandpumpareswitchedoff.

3.0 Zoning



4.0 Control of space heating


i. independenttimecontrolandeither:



5.0 Control of hot water

a. Domestichotwatercircuitssuppliedfromaboilerandhotwaterstoreshouldbeprovidedwith:








Moredetailsoncontrolsystemscanbefoundinmanufacturers’literatureandonTheAssociationofControlsManufacturers(TACMA)websiteatwww.heatingcontrols.org.uk.

Controlsmaybeprovidedbyanyboilermanagementcontrolsystemthatmeetsthespecifiedzoning,timingandtemperatureandboilerinterlockcontrolrequirements.



http://www.heatingcontrols.org.uk

40


Table 18 Recommended minimum standards for hot water storage in electric wet central heating systems

Minimum standard

1.0 Vented systems, including cylinders heated primarily by electricity

a. VentedcopperhotwaterstoragevesselsshouldcomplywithBS1566-1:2002orBS3198:1981.

b. VentedcylindersinmaterialsotherthancoppershouldalsobelabelledascomplyingwiththeheatlossrequirementsofBS1566-1:2002.

c. Forventedreplacements,electricallyheatedcombinationunitsshouldbeinsulatedsuchthattheheatlossdoesnotexceedthevalueQ1.28(0.20.051V2/3)kWh/day,whereVisthenominalcylindervolumeinlitres.Thisappliestoelectricallyheatedcombinationunitsaswellasotherelectricallyheatedcylinders.

d. Inventednewsystems,electricallyheatedcombinationunitsshouldbeinsulatedsuchthattheheatlossdoesnotexceedthevalueQ1.15(0.20.051V2/3)kWh/day,whereVisthenominalcylindervolumeinlitres.Thisappliestoelectricallyheatedcombinationunitsaswellasotherelectricallyheatedcylinders.

2.0 Unvented systems, including cylinders heated primarily by electricity

a. ProductsshouldcomplywithBSEN12897:2006oranequivalentstandard.

b. CylindersheatedprimarilybyelectricityshouldbeinsulatedsuchthattheirheatlossdoesnotexceedQ1.15(0.20.051V2/3)kWh/day,whereVisthenominalcylindervolumeinlitres.Thisappliestoelectricallyheatedcombinationunitsaswellasotherelectricallyheatedcylinders.

3.0 Vented and unvented systems, including cylinders heated primarily by electricity

a. Cylindersshouldeitherbefactoryfittedwith,orhaveprovisionfor,twothermostaticallycontrolledelectricalheatingelementsorimmersionheaters.

b. Thelowerelementshouldbecapableofheatingupatleast85%ofthecylindercontents.

c. Theupperelementshouldbecapableofheatingatleast60litresofwater.

d. Thelowerelementshouldbeconnectedtoutilisethe‘offpeak’electricitytariffandtheupperforboostoperation.

e. Thevesselshouldbedesignedsuchthatfollowingreheatingto60°Cfromtheoffpeakelement,atleast80%ofthecontentscanbedrawnoffat45°Coraboveataflowrateof0.25l/s.

4.0 Primary stores

a. PrimarystoragesystemsshouldmeettheinsulationrequirementsoftheHotWaterAssociationPerformance specification for thermal stores.

b. UnventedhotwaterstorageproductsshouldcomplywitharelevantstandardassetbyanaccreditedtestbodysuchastheBritishBoardofAgrément,theWaterResearchCouncilorKIWA.

5.0 Labelling

a. Allhotwaterstoragevesselsshouldcarryalabelwiththefollowinginformation:

i. typeofvessel



iv.heatexchangerperformanceinkW.

b. VentedcopperhotwatercylindersshouldcarryclearlabellingontheproductsuchasaBSIKitemark,registeredfirmstatusorreferencetoanequivalentqualitycontrolscheme.

c. VentedcylinderswhicharenotofcopperconstructionshouldbelabelledascomplyingwiththeheatlossandheatexchangerrequirementsofBS1566-1.

d. Forlabellingofhotwaterstoragevesselsinsolarthermalsystems,seeSection11.



BS3198:1981Specification for copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes.




41


Table 19 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in central heating systems with electric boilers









1012152228354254


10.0711 .0812. 1 914. 1 2





• BS5422:2009Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range -40°C to +700°C.


4.3 Electric heating systems (other than electric boilers serving central heating)Thissectionprovidesguidanceonthefollowingtypesoffixedelectricheatingsystems:

• electricwarmairsystems

• electricpanelheaters

• electricstoragesystemsincludingintegratedstorage/directsystems.

Portable,plug-inappliancesarenotcoveredbythisguide.

Fixedelectricheatingsystems(otherthanwithelectricboilers)shouldmeettheminimumstandardsfortimeandtemperaturecontrolinTable20.



42


Table 20 Recommended minimum controls for primary and secondary electric heating systems (other than with electric boilers)

System Control type Minimum standardSupplementary information

Warm air 1.0 Time and temperature control, integral to the heater or external

a. Systemsshouldbeprovidedwith:

i. atimeswitch/programmerandroomthermostat,or

ii. aprogrammableroomthermostat.

2.0 Zone control

a. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldhaveatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenttemperaturecontrol,oneofwhichisassignedtothelivingarea.

b. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldhaveatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenttemperatureandtimecontrol.Timecontrolmaybeprovidedusing:

i. multipleheatingzoneprogrammers,or

ii. asinglemulti-channelprogrammer,or

iii.programmableroomthermostats,or

iv.separatetimerstoeachcircuit,or

v. acombinationof(iii)and(iv)above.

c. Insingle-storey,open-plandwellingsinwhichthelivingareaisgreaterthan70%ofthetotalfloorarea,sub-zoningoftemperaturecontrolisnotappropriate.

Panel heaters 3.0 Local time and temperature control

a. Timecontrolshouldbebyaprogrammabletimeswitchintegratedintotheapplianceorbyaseparatetimeswitch.

b. Individualtemperaturecontrolshouldbebyintegralthermostatsorbyseparateroomthermostatsorprogrammableroomthermostats.

Panelheatersprovideinstantaneousheat.

Storage heaters

4.0 Charge control

a. Automaticcontrolofinputchargeshouldbeprovided. Chargecontrolistheabilitytodetecttheinternaltemperatureandadjustthechargingoftheheateraccordingly.

5.0 Temperature control

a. Temperaturecontrolshouldbebyadjustingtherateofheatreleasefromtheappliance,usinganadjustabledamperorotherthermostatically-controlledmethod.



43

Section 5: Solid fuel heating


5.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonmeetingtheenergyefficiencystandardsintheBuildingRegulationsforthefollowingtypesofsolidfuelheatingappliancesandsystemsusedtodeliverprimaryandsecondaryheating:

• batch-fedopenfires

• batch-fedandautomatic-feeddryroomheaters/stoves

• batch-fedlogandmulti-fuelappliances

• automatic-feedpelletstoveswithandwithoutboilers

• batch-fedandautomatic-feedroomheaterswithboilers

• batch-fedcookerswithboilersnotexceeding7.5kW

• batch-fedindependentboilersandautomatic-feedanthracite,woodpellet,woodchipandwoodlogfiredindependentboilers

• centralheatingsystemsusingcertaintypesofsolidfuelappliances.

Theguidancecoversthefollowingtypesofsolidfuel:coal,anthracite,manufacturedsmokelessfuel,dual-fuel,woodlogs,woodpelletsandwoodchips.

5.2 Solid fuel appliances for primary heatingSolidfuelappliancesprovidedwithnewsystemsorasreplacementsinexistingsystemsforprimaryheatingindwellingsshouldhaveanefficiency(grosscalorificvalue)notlessthanspecifiedinTable21forthatcategoryofappliance.



44


Table 21 Solid fuel appliance categories and recommended minimum efficiencies

Category Appliance descriptionMinimum efficiency (gross calorific value) Feed

B1 Simpleopenfire–inset 37% Batch

B2 Openfire–freestandingconvector 47% Batch

B3 Openfire–insetconvector 45%(mineralfuels)43%(woodfuels)

C1/2 Openfireandboiler–insetorfreestanding 50% Batch

D1/2/3 Openfirehighoutputboiler–trapeziumandrectangulargrates

63% Batch

D4 Openfirehighoutputboiler–rectangle 63% Batch

E1 Dryroomheater(drystove) 65% Batch/auto

E2 Dryroomheater–woodlogsonly 65% Batch

E3 Dryroomheater–multi-fuel 65% Batch

E4 Dryroomheater–pelletstove 65%partload70%nominalload

Auto

F Roomheaterwithboiler 67%(mineralfuelsandwoodlogs)70%(woodpellets–partload)75%(woodpellets–nominalload)

Batch/auto

G1 Cookerwithoutboilernotexceeding3.5kW 65%(mineralfuels)55%(woodfuels)

Batch

G2 Cookerwithheatingboilerexceeding3.5kW 65%(mineralfuels)60%(woodfuels)

Batch

J2 Independentboiler–woodlogsonly 75% Batch

J3 Independentboiler–multi-fuel 65%(mineralfuels)75%(woodlogs)

Batch

J4 Independentboiler–anthracite 70%upto20.5kW75%above20.5kW

Auto

J5 Independentboiler–wood/pellets/chips 75%nominalload70%partload

Auto

Slowheatreleaseappliances 65% Batch

One-offtiled/mortaredstoves 70% Batch



45



Minimum efficiencies

MinimumefficienciesforsolidfuelappliancesarepublishedintheOfficial guide to HETAS approved solid fuel products and services,andonthewebsitewww.hetas.co.uk.Manufacturers’efficiencyfiguresmaybehigherthanthoseindicatedandshouldbeusedwhereindependentlycertifiedagainsttheharmonisedEuropeanStandardsnowinplace.

Carbon emission factors

Solidfuelsincludewoodinvariousforms,differenttypesofcoal,andmanufacturedsolidfuels,andconsequentlythereisarangeofassociatedCO

2emissionfactors.Thesefactorsareasimportantasapplianceefficiencywhenselectingaboiler.

CO2emissionfactors(kgCO

2/kWh)forgenerictypesofsolidfuelgiveninSAP2012Table12are:

Housecoal:traditionalBritishcoal,burnswithsmokyflame Anthracite:mineralfuelwithhighcarboncontent,burnsverycleanly Manufacturedsmokelessfuel:mineralfuelusuallymadefromanthracite Woodlogs:renewablewoodlogseitherpurchasedorfromownland Woodpelletsinbags:mechanicallycompressedsawdust Bulkwoodpellets:asabove,deliveredinbulk Woodchips:chippedwood,processedonsite Dual-fuel:UK‘typicalblend’oflogsandmineralfuelasburntonadual-fuelstove

0.3940.3940.4330.0190.0390.0390.0160.226

Smoke control

Withinlocalauthoritysmokecontrolareas,onlyanthraciteorotherauthorisedsmokelessfuelsmaybeused,unlessthepropertyisfittedwithanexemptedappliance.AnexemptedapplianceisonethathasbeenapprovedbyParliamentaryStatutoryInstrumentforinstallationinsmokecontrolareasandprospectivepurchasersshouldcheckthattheapplianceandintendedfuelarepermitted.Alistofcurrentlyauthorisedfuelsandexemptedappliancesisgivenonthewebsitewww.uksmokecontrolareas.co.uk.

Outsideasmokecontrolarea,housecoalorwoodcanbeburntonnon-exemptedappliances.Woodshouldalwaysbeseasonedtoamoisturecontentappropriatetothedesignandperformanceoftheappliance,forexamplenotexceeding20%inlogwood,toensuremaximumperformanceandlimittheoccurrenceofcondensationanddepositsinthechimneysystem.

Allsolidfuelappliancesrequireappropriatesoot-fireresistantchimneysdischargingathighlevellocationsasdefinedwithintheBuildingRegulations.DetailsofHETAS-approvedchimneyproductsindependentlytestedandapprovedtoacceptedstandardscanbefoundontheHETASwebsite.ThenaturalventilationratesofthesechimneysmaybelessthanthedefaultvalueslistedwithinSAP2012;theuseofthesemoreaccuratevalueswillreduceSAPcalculatedCO

2emissions.



http://www.uksmokecontrolareas.co.uk

46


5.3 Central heating systems using certain types of solid fuel appliancesThissectionprovidesguidanceonthefollowingtypesofsolidfuelapplianceusedtodeliverprimaryheatingaspartofacentralheatingsystem:

• batch-fedopenfireswithhighoutputboilers(appliancetypesD1toD4inTable21)

• batch-fedandautomatic-feedroomheatersandstoveswithboilers(appliancetypeFinTable21)

• batch-fedcookerswithboilers(appliancetypeG2inTable21)

• batch-fedindependentboilersandautomatic-feedanthracite,woodlog,woodpelletandwoodchip-firedindependentboilers(appliancetypesJ2toJ5inTable21).

Unlessstatedotherwise,theguidanceappliesequallytoappliancesthatburnwood,woodpellets,housecoal,manufacturedsmokelessfuelsandanthracite.

Forcentralheatingsystemswithasolidfuelapplianceinstalledaspartofanewsystemorasareplacementcomponentinanexistingsystem:

a. theapplianceshouldbefromHETAScategoriesD,F,GandJinTable21andhaveaminimumefficiency(grosscalorificvalue)whichisnotlessthanthevaluespecifiedforitscategory

b. theratioofroomheattowaterheatshouldbeappropriatefortheroomandtotalproperty.Thiswillrequirereferencetoinstallationpracticeguidelinesandcalculationofroomandpropertyheatloss.AdviceonthisisgivenintheHETASguideandwebsitereferredtoearlier

c. circulation,fuelstorage,hotwaterstorage,systempreparation,watertreatmentandcommissioningshouldbetothestandardsinTable22

d. controlofheatingandhotwatercircuitsshouldbetothestandardsinTable23

e. pipeworkshouldbeinsulatedtothestandardsinTable24.


Turn-down values (i.e. the ratio of high to low output)

Turn-downratiosaregenerallyverygood(10:1)forautomatic-feedapplianceswithsmallfirebeds.

Turn-downratiosarelessgoodwithlargebatch-fedappliancesunlessthelatterareusedinconjunctionwithahotwateraccumulator.

Automaticappliancesarelikelytorequirelessfrequentrefuelling.Automatic(e.g.electricorgas)ignitionisnowavailableforcertaindesignsandreducesenergyusageattimesoflowdemandbyallowingboilerinterlock.

Someboilershavebothauto-ignitionandfire-extinguishingfeatures.

Link-up systems

Itispossibletoconnecttogethertwoormoreheatingapplianceswithboilers(atleastoneofwhichcanbesolidfuel-fired)tomaximiseflexibilityandefficiency.Forexample,anoilorgasboilercouldbecombinedwithawoodburningstovewithboilersitedinthelivingroom.Thiscombinationwithwoodburningapplianceswillreduceoverallcarbonemissions.Bothsystemsshouldbedesignedtoappropriateinstallationcodes.



47


Table 22 Recommended minimum standards for system circulation, fuel storage, hot water storage, system preparation and commissioning for solid fuel central heating



a. Whereboilerinterlockisavailable,fullypumpedcirculationshouldbechosen.

b. Themanufacturer’sinstructionsonthesizingandpositioningofheatleakradiatorsshouldbefollowed.

c. Solidfuelappliancesshouldnotbefittedtosealedheatingsystemswithexpansionvessels,exceptwherespecificallypermittedbythemanufacturerorwhereathermalstorageinterfacedeviceisused.

Mostsolidfuelcentralheatingsystemsrequireaheatleakradiatortodissipateheatfromthesmoulderingfirebed.Thisiscommonlythebathroomtowel-railandathermosiphonsystemmaybeusedforthiscircuit.Insomecasesafullypumpedsystemreducesefficiencyandshouldnotbeused.

2.0 Fuel storage

a. Provisionshouldbemadeforstorageofreasonablequantitiesoffuelinaconvenientanddrylocation.Thesizeofthestoragewilldependupontherequirementofthehouse.

Nominimumquantityoffuelisspecifiedforsolidmineralfuelbutbunkersgreaterthan250kgarepreferredasbelowthishouseholdersarelikelytopayadeliverypremium.


a. VentedcopperhotwaterstoragevesselsshouldcomplywiththeheatlossandheatexchangerrequirementsofBS1566-1:2002orBS3198:1981.

b. VentedcylindersinmaterialsotherthancoppershouldcomplywiththeheatlossandheatexchangerrequirementsofBS1566-1.

c. UnventedhotwaterstoragesystemproductsshouldcomplywithBSEN12897:2006oranequivalentstandard.

d. Unventedsystemsshouldnotbeusedwithgravitycirculation.

e. Primarystoragesystemsshouldmeettheinsulationrequirementsofsection4.3.1or4.3.2oftheHotWaterAssociationPerformance specification for thermal stores.

f. CombinationcylindersshouldcomplywithBS3198andinadditionhaveaheatlossnotexceeding1.6(0.20.51V2/3)kWh/day,whereVisthevolumeofthehotwaterpartofthecylinderinlitres.

g. Allhotwaterstoragevesselsshouldcarryalabelwiththefollowinginformation:

i. typeofvessel



iv.typeofvessel

v. heatexchangerperformanceinkW.

h. VentedcopperhotwatercylindersshouldcarryclearlabellingontheproductsuchasaBSIKitemark,registeredfirmstatusorreferencetoanequivalentqualitycontrolscheme.

Primary hot water stores

Thesecanhaveamajorroletoplayintheinstallationofsolidfuel.Themainreasonfortheiruseistostoretheheatgeneratedduringslumberperiodsbutwhereunventedstoragecylindersareusedtheyalsoprovidemainspressurehotwaterandpossiblefrostprotection(viaelectricimmersionheaters)forthesolidfuelsystem.Domestichotwateroutlettemperatureistobecontrolledatasafelevel.Becauseofthehigherthannormalstoragetemperaturesitisveryimportantthatstoresarewellinsulated.

TheHWAthermalstoragespecificationisavailableforfreedownloadfromwww.hotwater.org.uk.

British Standards


BS3198:1981Specification for copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes.




48


Table 22 Recommended minimum standards for system circulation, fuel storage, hot water storage, system preparation and commissioning for solid fuel central heating




b. Duringfinalfillingofthesystemachemicalwatertreatmentformulationshouldbeaddedtotheprimarycircuittocontrolcorrosionandtheformationofscaleandsludge.ReasonableprovisionwouldbetofollowtheguidanceonhowtoprepareandcommissionsystemsgiveninBS7593:2006Code of practice for treatment of water in domestic hot water central heating systems.


d. Wherethemainstotalwaterhardnessexceeds200partspermillion,provisionshouldbemadetotreatthefeedwatertowaterheatersandthehotwatercircuittoreducetherateofaccumulationoflimescale.

BS7593notesthat“naturallysoftwatersoflowalkalinityorthosesuppliedviaabase-exchangeresinsoftenerhaveanincreasedpotentialforcorrosion,and,iftheyareusedinanycentralheatingsystem,acorrosioninhibitorspecificallyformulatedforthepurposeshouldbeaddedandproperlymaintained.”Manufacturersshouldbeconsultedforadvice,payingparticularattentiontodosagelevels.



5.0 Commissioning

a. Oncompletionoftheinstallationofaboilerorhotwaterstoragesystem,togetherwithassociatedequipmentsuchaspipework,pumpsandcontrols,theequipmentshouldbecommissionedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructions.Theseinstructionswillbespecifictotheparticularboilerorhotwaterstoragesystemused.


Onlypersonswhoarecompetentshouldcarryouttheinstallation,e.g.installerswhoareregisteredwithHETAS.SuchpersonswillcertifythattheyhavecarriedoutinstallationandcommissioninginaccordancewithrequirementsintheBuildingRegulationsandinthemanufacturer’sinstructions(whichmaybemorestringent).

Notethatthedeliveryofwoodorcoalwithoutappropriatedocumentationintoasmoke-controlareaisanoffenceundertheCleanAirAct.



49


Table 23 Recommended minimum controls for solid fuel central heating systems

Minimum standard

All appliances, except open fires

1.0 Burning rate

a. Thermostaticcontroloftheburningrate.

Automatic-feed appliances

2.0 Zoning


b. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldhaveatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenttemperatureandtimecontrol.

c. Forsingle-storey,open-plandwellingsinwhichthelivingareaisgreaterthan70%ofthetotalfloorarea,sub-zoningoftemperaturecontrolisnotappropriate.

3.0 Time control of space and water heating

a. Timecontrolofspaceandwaterheatingshouldbeprovidedby:

i. afullprogrammerwithseparatetimingtoeachcircuit,or

ii. twoormoreseparatetimersprovidingtimingcontroltoeachcircuit,or

iii.programmableroomthermostatstotheheatingcircuits,withseparatetimingofthehotwatercircuit.

4.0 Temperature control of space heating

a. Separatetemperaturecontrolofzoneswithinthedwellingshouldbeprovidedusing:

i. roomthermostatsorprogrammableroomthermostatsinallzones,or

ii. aroomthermostatorprogrammableroomthermostatinthemainzone,andindividualradiatorcontrolssuchasthermostaticradiatorvalves(TRVs),or

iii.acombinationof(i)and(ii)above.

5.0 Temperature control of domestic hot water

a. Acylinderthermostatandazonevalveorthree-portvalveshouldbefittedtocontrolthetemperatureofstoredhotwater.

b. Non-electrichotwatercontrollersshouldnotbeused.

c. Wherepermittedbythemanufacturer,thecylinderthermostatshouldbewiredtoprovideaboilerinterlock.


Boilerinterlock,providedbyawiringarrangementtopreventthesystemfromoperatingwhenthereisnodemandforheat,shouldonlybefittedifrecommendedbythemanufacturer.

Insomesimplebatch-fedorautomaticappliances(withoutheatstoresorwithoutautomaticignition),itisnotpossibletoswitchofftheheatoutputcompletely,buttheapplianceoutputcanbeloweredtoaminimumtoreducefuelconsumption.

Inmostsolidfuelsystemstheroomthermostatwillswitchoffthepump,whichinturnwillcausetheboilertooperateatminimumoutput.

Someautomaticsolidfuelsystemscanbefittedwithweathercompensation,andincorporatemulti-zonecontrol.Itisimportanttoseekguidancefromthemanufacturer,especiallyiftheheatingpackageistoincludeotherfuels.

Controlsmaybeprovidedbyanyboilermanagementcontrolsystemthatmeetsthespecifiedzoning,timingandtemperature,andboilerinterlockcontrolrequirements.

Thelevelofsophisticationshouldgenerallybeappropriatetoandcompatiblewiththeappliance.Thehighestlevelsareonlyappropriatetoapplianceswithautomaticignition.

Asfarasitispracticableandeconomictodosowhenworkingonexistingsystems,controlsshouldbeupgradedtothelevelsdefinedfornewsystems.



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Table 24 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in solid fuel central heating systems









1012152228354254


10.0711 .0812. 1 914. 1 2









51


5.4 Solid fuel appliances for secondary heatingSolidfuelappliancesinnewandexistingdwellingsthatprovidesecondaryheatingandarenotpartofacentralheatingsystemshouldhavetheminimumefficiency(grosscalorificvalue)specifiedinTable21forthecategoryofappliance.


Minimum efficiencies

MinimumefficienciesforsolidfuelappliancesarepublishedintheOfficial guide to HETASapproved solid fuel products and services,andonthewebsitewww.hetas.co.uk.Manufacturers’figuresmaybehigherbutshouldbeusedonlywhereindependentlycertifiedagainsttheharmonisedEuropeanStandardsnowinplace.

Appliance types

Thetypesofappliancemostsuitableforprovidingsecondaryheatingare:

• Open-fire with high output boiler, when used with ‘link-up’

• Small solid fuel room heaters (stoves), especially wood-fired

Thesecanbeadedicatedwoodburnerorburnlogsinamulti-fuelapplianceorusepellets.Theycanbematchedwithamainheatingsystemfiredbythesameoradifferentprimaryfueloroff-peakelectricitytoreducecarbonemissions,especiallywood-fired,withorwithoutthermostaticcontrol.Manydesignscanprovideheatingduringpowercuts.Mineralfuelappliancescanbechosenbuttheattentionofdesignersisdrawntotheprobableneedtosupplyadditionalmeasures,asthecarbonemissionvaluesofthesetendtobehigh.Mineralfuelappliancesmayoftenhaveslightlyhigherefficienciesthantheirwoodburningcounterparts.Multi-fuelroomheaterscanenabletheusertoburnrenewablewoodaswellasanalternativetomineralfuelsoutsidesmokecontrolareas.

• Small solid fuel stoves with boilers

Theefficiencyofthesecanbehigherthanthatofdryappliances.Theycanbeintegratedwiththeprimarywetheatingsystem.Multi-fuelappliancesenablethehouseholdertoburnrenewablewoodoutsidesmokecontrolareas.

• Range cookers

Typicallyapplianceswhichareinstalledina‘livingarea’andaredesignedtoprovidesomeusefulheatfromtheircaseintothespaceinwhichtheyarelocated.Theyareavailableinavarietyofshapesandsizesandcanincorporateaboilerwhichcanbeconnectedtodual-fuelintegratedsystems(e.g.link-up).Multi-fuelversionsarealsoavailable.

• Open fires (HETAS categories B1, B2 and B3)

Whererequested,thesecanbefitted.Theydonothavethermostaticcontroloftheburningrateandsohavelowerefficiencies,buttheyareabletoburnwoodlogswithcorrespondinglylownetcarbonemissions.Itmustbestressedthatlargeopenfireswithalargefreefacearea(openingwidthtimesopeningheight)usuallyhaveaneedforventilationwellinexcessofthatavailableinapropertybuilttomodernstandardsofairtightness.Thisislikelytoleadtosevereoperationalproblemsunlessspecialstepsaretakentoprovidetherequiredairsupply.Theuseofsuchlarge(simple)openfiresispenalisedintheSAPcalculations.

Controls

Whereverpossible,solidfuelappliancesshouldhavethermostaticcontrol.(TheseareusuallyintegraltoappliancesincategoriesE,FandG.)Controlsshouldbeappropriatetothelevelofsophisticationoftheappliance;automaticappliancescanbenefitfromadvancedcontrols.

Provision of fuel storage

Thequantityoffuelconsumedbysecondaryheatingappliancesislikelytobelessthan1tonneperyear.Howeveritshouldbestoredinadryandconvenientlocation.

Smoke control areas

Thelocationoftheappliancewithinorwithoutasmokecontrolareaiscriticaltotheprocessofoptimisingthechoiceofapplianceandfuel.

Forfurtherinformationonsolidfuelappliances,seeCE47EnergyEfficiencyBestPracticeinHousing – Domestic heating by solid fuel: Boiler systems.



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Standards

BSEN12809:2001+A1:2004+AC:2006/2007Residential independent boilers fired by solid fuel. Nominal output up to 50 kW. Requirements and test methods.

BSEN12815:2001+A1:2004/2006/2007Residential cookers fired by solid fuel. Requirements and test methods.

BSEN13229:2001+A1:2003+A2:2004+AC:2006/2007Inset appliances including open fires fired by solid fuel. Requirements and test methods.

BSEN13240:2001+A2:2004+AC2006/2007Room heaters fired by solid fuel. Requirements and test methods.

BSEN15250:2007Slow heat release appliances fired by solid fuel. Requirements and test methods.

BSEN15544:2009One-off tiled/mortared stoves. Calculation method.

BSEN14785:2006Residential space heating appliances fired by wood pellets.



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Section 6: Community heating


6.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofcommunityheatingsystemsfordwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

Acommunityheatingsystemisonethatsuppliesheattoanumberofdwellingsfromacommonheatsource.Asystemmayheatasmallblockofflatsoralargenumberofbuildings.

Theguidanceinthissectionappliestosystemsthat:

• supply15ormoredwellingsfromacentralboiler,orfromalowcarbonsourcesuchascombinedheatandpower(CHP),biofuels,heatpumpsandsolarpanels

• distributeheatfromthecentralsourceusingawetradiatorsystem(althoughwarmairheatingandunderfloorheatingsystemsmayalsobeused).

Meteringrequirementsforcommunityheatingschemesarebeingintroduced,startinginJune2014,asaresultoftheEUEnergyEfficiencyDirective.SeetheDECCwebsitefordetailsoftherequirementsandthetechnicalstandardsthatapply(forexampleonmeterspecifications):https://www.gov.uk/decc.

6.2 New and existing community heating schemesThecentralheatsourceshouldcomplywiththerequirementsintheNon-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guideexceptwherespecifiedinthissection.

Guidanceisprovidedfortwoscenarios:

• connectingdwellingstoanewcommunityheatingscheme

• connectingdwellingstoanexistingcommunityheatingscheme.

Connecting dwellings to a new community heating scheme

Newcommunityheatingsystemsforbothnewandexistingdwellingsshouldmeettheminimumstandardsfor:

a. energyefficiencyinTable25

b. lowcarbonheatsourcesinTable26

c. systemcontrolinTable27

d. hotwaterproduction,storageandtreatment,heatmeteringandcommissioninginTable28

e. insulationofpipeworkinTable29andTable30.

Connecting dwellings to an existing community heating scheme

Whereexistingcommunityheatingsystemsareconnectedtoneworexistingdwellings:

a. Iftheexistingcommunityheatingsystemisinneedofreplacementorimprovement,astudyshouldbecarriedouttoassesstheeconomicandenvironmentalbenefitsofarangeofoptions,including



54


theuseofCHPandotherlowcarbonheatsources,especiallywhereindividualheatingsystemsarebeingconsideredasanalternativetocontinuingwiththecommunityheatingsystem.

b. ReplacementboilersshouldmeettheminimumstandardsforboilerefficiencyintheNon-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide (availablefromwww.planningportal.gov.uk/approveddocuments/PartL>Associateddocuments).

c. Ifthermalenergyispurchasedfromanexistingdistrictorcommunityheatingsystem,anassessmentofthecarbonintensityoftheschemeshouldbecarriedout.Emissionfactorsshouldbedeterminedbasedontheparticulardetailsofthescheme,butshouldtakeaccountoftheannualaverageperformanceofthewholesystem–thatis,ofthedistributioncircuitsandalltheheatgeneratingplant,includinganyCHP,andanywasteheatrecoveryorheatdumping.Thecalculationofthedwellingcarbondioxideemissionrateshouldbecarriedoutbyasuitablyqualifiedperson,whoshouldexplainhowtheemissionfactorswerederived.

d. ControlsshouldmeettheminimumstandardsinTable27.

e. PipeworkinsulationshouldmeettheminimumstandardsinTable29andTable30.

Table 25 Recommended minimum standards for the design of community heating systems to maximise efficiency of heat generation and minimise energy use by pumps


1.0 Boilers

a. Boiler-onlycommunityheatingsystemsfornewdwellingsmaybeusedprovidedthatthetargetcarbondioxideemissionrate(TER)forthedwellingisnotexceeded.

b. BoilersshouldbeselectedtocomplywiththeboilerefficiencyrequirementsoftheNon-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide.

Whencalculatingthecarbondioxideemissionrate,thetypeandquantityoffuelusedandalsotheelectricityneededtooperatethecentralplantandpumpsshouldbetakenintoaccount.

Forsystemsusingcondensingboilers:

• Toachievehighboilerefficiency,returntemperaturesfromradiatorcircuitsshouldbebelow50°C.

• Whereinstantaneousplateheatexchangersareusedtoproducehotwaterinindividualdwellingsthereturntemperatureselectedshouldbelessthan40°C.

• Wherehotwatercylindersareusedthecoilsizeshouldbesuchastorequireaflowratethatresultsinanominalreturntemperatureoflessthan40°Cwhilemeetingtherequiredheat-uptime.

• Wherehotwaterisproducedcentrally(e.g.ineachblockofdwellings)returntemperaturesshouldbebelow40°C.

2.0 Controlling the sequencing and firing of boilers

a. ControlsforboilersshouldfollowtheguidanceintheNon-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide,butwithoutoptimumstart.

Settingoccupationtimesisnotgenerallypossibleforagroupofdwellingsandsooptimumstartcontrolsarenotarecommendation.

3.0 Minimising energy use by pumps

a. Fornewcommunityheatingsystems,thedesigntemperaturedifferenceforthecommunityheatingprimarycircuitshouldbegreaterthan20°C.

b. Variablevolumecontrolsystemsshouldbeusedtoreducethevolumeofwaterandthepressuredifferencerequiredfromthepumpsunderpartload.

Pumpingenergycanbeminimisedbyoptimisingoperatingtemperaturesandpipesizestoreduceinstalledpumppower.

Totakefulladvantageofvariablevolumesystems,variablespeedpumpsshouldbeinstalledandcontrolledtodelivertherequiredpressuredifferencetosuittheload.

FurtherguidanceisprovidedinBSRIAApplicationGuideAG16/2002–Variable-flow water systems: design, installation and commissioning guidance.



http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/approveddocuments/PartL

http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/approveddocuments/PartL

55


Table 26 Recommended minimum standards for design of low carbon heat sources where these are included in community heating systems


1.0 Low carbon heat sources

a. Nominimumstandard,butseeSupplementaryinformation.

Communityheatingsystemscanbedesignedtouselowcarbonheatsourcestomeetallorpartoftheheatdemand,whichmayenablesomerelaxationoftheU-valuesthatwouldotherwiseberequired.

2.0 Biofuels


BiofuelscanbeusedtoprovideheatfromboilersystemsorasafuelforCHPsystems.

Considerationshouldbegiventooperationandmaintenanceoftheplanttoensurealonglifeandtopreventalaterreplacementbyaconventionalfuelsystem.

Whereabiofuelboileristobeusedinconjunctionwithconventionallyfuelledheatingboilersorelectricheating,areasonableminimumproportionoftheannualheatsupplyfrombiofuelswouldbe45%oftheannualheatdemand(space,domestichotwaterandprocessheating).

3.0 Combined heat and power (CHP)

a. WhereCHPisusedinconjunctionwithboilerplant,thecontrolsystemshouldensurethat,asfarasispracticable,theCHPplantoperatesastheleadheatsource.

CHPcapacityshouldbeoptimisedtomeettherequiredeconomicandenvironmentalobjectives.

AreasonableminimumproportionoftheannualheatsupplyfromCHPwouldbe45%oftheannualheatdemand(spaceanddomestichotwaterheating).

TomaximisetheuseofCHPheatovertheyear,considerationshouldbegiventotheuseofthermalstoragetomeetpeaks,especiallyintheearlymorningperiod.

TheproceduregiveninSAP2012shouldbeusedtocalculatethecarbondioxideemissionsfromCHPsystems.

4.0 Heat pumps


Heatpumpscanbeusedasaheatsourceforcommunityheatingsystems.SelectionofoperatingtemperaturestooptimisetheefficiencyofthecommunityheatingsystemandachievehighCOPsisimportantifcarbondioxideemissionsaretobereduced.Thismayinvolvetheuseofunderfloorheatingandtheprovisionofdomestichotwaterbyothermeans.

Whereheatpumpsareinstalledinconjunctionwithheatingboilers,areasonableminimumproportionoftheannualheatsupplyfromtheheatpumpwouldbe45%oftheannualspaceheatingdemand.

5.0 Solar


Solarthermalpanelscanbeusedastheheatsourceforacentraliseddomestichotwatersystem.



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Table 27 Recommended minimum controls for community heating systems within dwellings

Control type Minimum standard Supplementary information

1.0 Zoning


b. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldhaveatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenttemperatureandtimecontrol.

Insingle-storey,open-plandwellingsinwhichthelivingareaisgreaterthan70%ofthetotalfloorarea,sub-zoningoftemperaturecontrolisnotappropriate.

2.0 Time control of space heating

a. Timecontrolofspaceheatingmaybeprovidedby:

i. afullprogrammer,or

ii. twoormoreseparatetimersprovidingtimingcontroltoeachzone,or

iii.programmableroomthermostatstotheheatingcircuits.

b. Fordwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2,timecontrolfortheseparatespaceheatingzonescanbeprovidedusing:

i. multipleheatingzoneprogrammers,or

ii. asinglemulti-channelprogrammer.

Wherethehotwaterisproducedinstantaneously,suchaswithaplateheatexchanger,timecontrolisonlyrequiredforspaceheatingzones.

TimecontrolofdomestichotwaterheatingusingacylinderisnotconsideredessentialforcommunityheatingandcouldbeadisadvantagewithCHP-basedsystems,increasingthemorningpeakdemandandhencecausingmoreuseoftheboilerthannecessary.

3.0 Temperature control of space heating

a. Separatetemperaturecontrolofzoneswithinthedwellingshouldbeprovidedusing:

i. roomthermostatsorprogrammableroomthermostatsinallzones,or

ii. aroomthermostatorprogrammableroomthermostatinthemainzone,andindividualradiatorcontrolssuchasthermostaticradiatorvalves(TRVs)onallradiatorsintheotherzones,or

iii.acombinationof(i)and(ii)above.

ControlvalvesandTRVsshouldbetwo-porttypetoreduceflowratesunderpartload.

DifferentialpressuresacrosscontrolvalvesandTRVsshouldbelimitedtoensurethatthecontrolvalvesworkeffectivelyandmaintainshut-off.

4.0 Temperature control of domestic hot water

a. Temperaturecontrolofthedomestichotwaterserviceshouldbeprovidedusingtwo-portcontrolvalves,eitherelectricallyoperatedordirect-acting.

Whereinstantaneousheatexchangersareusedthecontrolvalveshouldbeselectedtomaintainsteadytemperatures(5°C)forarangeofdraw-offratesandprimarydifferentialpressures.Toreducetheincidenceofscaling,thecontrolvalveshouldshutofftheprimaryflowwhenthereisnodomestichotwaterdrawoff.

Asmallintermittentflowisanadvantagetomaintainthetemperaturewithintheheatexchangersoastoprovidemorerapidheatup.

5.0 Limitation of maximum flow rate into building or dwelling

a. Themaximumdesignflowrateintothedwellingheatingsystemshouldbelimitedbysuitablecontrolandbalancingvalvestomaintaintheoverallbalanceinthenetworkandtoavoidexcessivepumpingenergy.



57


Table 28 Recommended minimum standards for domestic hot water (DHW) production, storage and water treatment, heat meters and commissioning for community heating


1.0 DHW production and storage

a. Thehotwatersystemshouldbecontrolledusingvariablevolumecontrolprinciplesandbedesignedtomaintainlowreturntemperaturesintheprimarycommunityheatingcircuit.

Hotwatercanbeproducedinfourwaysincommunityheatingsystems:

• inindividualdwellingsusingindirectstoragecylinders

• inindividualdwellingsusinginstantaneousplateheatexchangers

• centrallyusingstoragecalorifierswitheitheranindirectcoiloranexternalplateheatexchanger

• centrallyusinganinstantaneousplateheatexchanger.

Inselectingthesystem,considerationshouldbegivento:

• theimpactonreturntemperaturesinthecommunityheatingsystem

• theimpactonflowratesinthecommunityheatingsystem

• theimpactonheatdemandprofilesandcompatibilitywiththeheatsource

• standinglossesfromstoragecylinders/calorifiersandtheimpactonenergyuse

• thequalityofserviceprovidedintermsofflowrateandtemperaturecontrol

• theadvantagesofhavinglocalstorageintermsofsecurityofsupply.

Wherethenetworkisextensiveandhotwaterproductioniscentralised,atwo-stagewaterheatingsystemcanbeusedtodeliverlowreturntemperatures.Inthisdesignthereturnwaterfromthespaceheatingcircuitisusedtopre-heatthecoldfeedtothedomestichotwater.

2.0 Water treatment

a. Asuitablesystemforintroductionofwatertreatmentchemicalsintothecommunityheatingsysteminacontrolledmannerwithfacilityformonitoringofwaterqualityshouldbeprovided.

Asuitablelong-termprogrammeofwatertreatmentisessentialtopreservethelifeofthecommunityheatingsystembylimitinginternalcorrosion.

Additionalchemicalandphysicaltreatmentshouldbeevaluatedespeciallyforlargersystems,including:

• removalofoxygenbyphysicalmeans

• softenedwatersupply

• side-streamfiltration

• biocide.

3.0 Heat meters

a. Provisionshouldbemadeinthedesignforincludingheatmeterseitheratthetimeofinstallationoratalaterdatewithoutmajorpipeworkchanges.

TheEnergyEfficiencyDirectivewillsetstrongerrequirements.Forup-to-dateinformation,seehttps://www.gov.uk/decc



58


Table 28 Recommended minimum standards for domestic hot water (DHW) production, storage and water treatment, heat meters and commissioning for community heating (continued)


4.0 Commissioning

a. Thecommunityheatingsystemshouldbecommissionedsothatthedesignvolumeflowratesaresuppliedtoeachdwellingandthereisnoexcessivebypassingofwaterthatwouldleadtohigherpumpingenergyuse.

b. Theflowratesinindividualheatemittersshouldbebalancedusingappropriatereturntemperaturesorbyusingcalibratedcontrolvalves.

c. Thesystemswithinthedwellingsshouldbedemonstratedtotheresidentandsuitableinformationprovidedontheoperationofthecontrols.

Wherethecentralheatsourceincludesalowcarbonheatsource,thecontrolsystemshouldbeprovenbydemonstratingthatthelowcarbonheatsourcewillnormallyactastheleadheatsource.

Table 29 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of internal pipework in community heating systems









1012152228354254


10.0711 .0812. 1 914. 1 2









59


Table 30 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of external pipework in community heating systems


a. CommunityheatingpipeworkshouldbeinsulatedtothestandardsdefinedinBSEN253forpre-insulatedpipesortoanequivalentperformanceforconventionallyinsulatedpipes.

Communityheatingpipeworktypicallyusespre-insulatedburiedpipesystems.MinimuminsulationthicknessesaredefinedinEuropeanstandards.Wherepipeworkisrunabovegroundthepipeinsulationperformanceshouldbeatleastashighasthatusedintheburiedpartofthesystem.Enhancedinsulationstandardsshouldbeevaluatedwherecommunityheatingissuppliedonlyfromfossil-fuelledboilersorwhereflowtemperaturesover100°Carebeingused.

Designing for minimum heat losses

Heatlossescanbereducedbyoptimisingoperatingtemperaturesinconjunctionwiththeneedtominimisepumpingenergy.Variablevolumecontrolsystemswillassistinmaintaininglowreturntemperatures.Whilesomebypassesmaybeneededtomaintainthesysteminahotconditionreadytomeetthedemand,theseshouldbecontrolledtotheminimumflowneeded.Theuseoftemperaturecontrolledbypassvalveswherethebypassonlyoperateswhenflowtemperaturehasdroppedbelowasetlevelisrecommended.

Allpipeworkshouldbeinsulatedtopreventuncontrolledheatlosswhenpassingthroughcommunalspacesthatmayotherwisesufferfromoverheating.


GoodPracticeGuideGPG234Guide to community heating and CHP – Commercial, public and domestic applications.AvailablefromtheCarbonTrust.

BSEN13941:2009+A1:2010Design and installation of pre-insulated bonded pipe systems for direct heating.

BSEN14419:2009District heating pipes. Pre-insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Surveillance systems.

BSEN253:2009+A1:2013District heating pipes. Pre-insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Pipe assembly of steel service pipe, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene.

BSEN448:2009District heating pipes. Pre-insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Fitting assemblies of steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene.

BSEN488:2011District heating pipes. Pre-insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Steel valve assembly for steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene.

BSEN489:2009District heating pipes. Pre-insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Joint assembly for steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene.



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Section 7: Underfloor heating

7.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofunderfloorheatingsystemsinnewdwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

Theguidancecoverstheuseofhotwaterpipesorelectricheatingelementsastheunderfloorheatsource.

7.2 Underfloor heating in new dwellingsUnderfloorheatinginnewdwellingsshouldmeettheminimumstandardsfor:

a. systemcontrolandsafeoperatingtemperaturesinTable31

b. floorinsulationandsystemdesigntominimisedistributionlossesinTable32

c. inthecaseofelectricunderfloorheatingsystemsinnewdwellings,constructionandcontrolsinTable33.



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Table 31 Recommended minimum standards for control of wet and electric underfloor heating systems


1.0 System temperature control: wet and electric underfloor heating systems

a. Allfloorheatingsystems,whetherwarmwaterorelectric,shouldbefittedwithcontrolstoensuresafeandcomfortableoperatingtemperatures.

b. Topreventdamagetofloorsandoccupantdiscomfort,thetemperatureoftheflowwaterfromwarmwatersystemsconnectedtoahightemperature(60°C)heatsourceshouldbecontrolledusing:

i. multi-portmixingvalvesandthermo-mechanicalorthermo-electricactuators

ii. aseparatehigh-limitthermostat.

c. ElectricfloorheatingsystemsshouldcomplywiththerulesinBS7671:2008+A1:2011Requirements for electrical installations,Section753,Floor and ceiling heating systems,forprotectionagainstelectricshockandthermaleffects,andforselectionandinstallationofequipment.

Mixedsystemswithradiatorsandunderfloorheatingconnectedtoacommonhightemperatureheatsourcemaybenefitfrombeingoperatedatthesamelowwatertemperature.

Foroptimumlong-termefficiency,considerusingweathercompensatingcontrollerswiththermo-electricmixingvalves.

2.0 Room temperature control: wet and electric underfloor heating systems

a. Eachroomshouldhaveitsownthermostat,sensororprogrammablethermostat.

b. Wheretwoadjacentroomshaveasimilarfunction–forexampleakitchenandautilityroom–itmaybeappropriateforbothroomstoshareasingletemperaturecontrol.

3.0 Time control: wet and electric underfloor heating systems

a. Dwellingswithatotalfloorareaupto150m2shouldhaveatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenttemperaturecontrol,oneofwhichisassignedtothelivingarea.

b. Dwellingswithatotalfloorarea150m2shouldhaveatleasttwospaceheatingzoneswithindependenton/offtimeandtemperaturecontrol.

c. Forsingle-storey,open-plandwellingsinwhichthelivingareaisgreaterthan70%ofthetotalfloorarea,sub-zoningoftemperaturecontrolisnotappropriate.

d. Thickscreedfloorheatingsystems(65mm)shouldhavefacilitiesforautomaticsetbackofroomtemperaturetoalowerlevelatnightorduringunoccupiedperiods.

Facilitiesforautomaticsetbackofroomtemperaturetoalowerlevelatnightorduringunoccupiedperiodsarerecommendedforbothelectricandwarmwatersystems.

4.0 Boiler control: wet underfloor heating systems only

a. Theheatingsystemcontrolsshouldbeconnectedsothatwhenthereisnodemandforheat,theheatsourceandpumpareswitchedoff.



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Table 32 Recommended minimum standards for floor insulation and minimising distribution losses in wet and electric underfloor heating systems


1.0 Exposed ground floors

a. Groundfloorsonearth,orsuspendedfloorsincontactwithoutsideair,shouldbeinsulatedtolimitdownwardheatloss,duetothethermalresistanceoftheappliedfloorfinish,tonotmorethan10W/m2.

b. Whenheatoutputisnotknownbutthefloorfinishisspecified,theamountofsystemthermalinsulationneededmaybecalculatedbasedonthesumofthethermalresistanceofthefloorfinishandtheunderlyingheatedlayer,multipliedby10.

c. Floorheatingsystemsintendedforcyclicaloperationorinstalledoverunheatedroomsshouldbeseparatedfromthestructuralfloorbyalayerofthermalinsulationwithathermalresistanceofatleast1.25(m2.K)/W.

2.0 Intermediate floors with heated rooms below: wet systems

a. Theintermediatefloorshouldhaveaseparatinglayerofsystemthermalinsulationwiththermalresistanceasin1.0babove,ornotlessthan0.75(m2.K)/WasspecifiedinBSEN1264-4.

Partyfloorsofapartmentswithunderfloorheatingaredirectlycoupledtotheheatingelements,sothermalinsulationisimportant.Inhigh-riseapartments,resistancevaluesmayneedtoexceedthosespecified.

3.0 Intermediate floors with heated rooms below: electric systems

a. Theintermediatefloorshouldhaveaseparatinglayerofsystemthermalinsulationwiththermalresistanceasin1.0babove,ornotlessthan0.5(m2.K)/W.

4.0 System design to minimise distribution losses

a. Underfloorheatingdistributionboardsorwarmwaterdistributionmanifoldsshouldbelocatedcentrallybetweentheroomsbeingheated,thusminimisingthelengthofinterconnectingservices.

b. Servicepipescarryinghotwatertomoredistantroomsshouldbeinsulatedorroutedthroughconduitstoreducedistributionlossesandtheriskofoverheatingtheroomorfloorfinish.

5.0 System commissioning and corrosion protection

Control of oxidation, biofilm, scale and sludge in warm water heating systems

a. CommissioningwarmwaterfloorheatingsystemsshouldbecarriedoutinaccordancewithBSEN1264-4.Evenwhereplastictubescontainoxygengasbarriers,thecontrolofcorrosioninmixedproductheatingsystemsmustbeaddressedcarefully.

b. Aftertestingandflushingwithcleanwater,thesystemcirculatingfluidshouldbetreatedwithasuitablecorrosioninhibitorapprovedbythetubemanufacturerandcomplyingwithBS7593:2006orDIN4726(2008-2010),andappliedstrictlyinaccordancewiththeadditivemanufacturer’sinstructions.

Standards

BSEN1264-4:2009Water based surface embedded heating and cooling systems. Installation.

BS7593:2006Code of practice for treatment of water in domestic hot water central heating systems.

DIN4726(2008-2010)Warm water surface heating systems and radiator connecting systems. Plastic piping systems and multi layer piping systems.




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Table 33 Recommended minimum standards for construction and control of electric underfloor heating systems

Minimum standard

Electric storage systems with individual room or programmable thermostats and low tariff anticipatory controls

1.0 Construction

a. Electriccableunderfloorheatinglowtariffnightenergystoragesystemsshouldhavea65mmminimumthicknessscreedforcorrectoperation.

b. Principalroomscontaining80%floorareashouldbeassignedtolowtariffheatingcablesand20%ofthefloorareashouldbeassignedtoeitherdirect-actingperimeterheatingcablesorsystemssuchasceilingorpanelheatersinordertomaximiseenergyefficiency.


Otherareasshouldbeassignedaslowtariffheatingcablesonly(subjecttoheatrequirements).

Bathroomsandseparatekitchensmayhavedirect-actingheatingcables(subjecttoheatrequirements).

2.0 Controls

a. Anticipatorycontrollersshouldbeinstalledcontrollinglowtariffinputchargewithexternaltemperaturesensingandfloortemperaturesensing.

b. Programmableroomthermostatswithanoverridefeatureshouldbeprovidedforalldirect-actingzonesofthesystemwithairandfloortemperaturesensingcapabilitiestobeusedindividuallyorcombined.


Anticipatorycontrollers(i.e.weathercompensators)reducenightenergystorageasafunctionofexternaltemperature.

Electric cable, direct-acting (non-storage) systems with individual room timer or thermostat control in screeded floors

3.0 Construction

a. Direct-actingelectricunderfloorheatingcablesshouldbeinstalledwithinscreedsofthicknessnotexceeding60mm.

b. AllheatedfloorsshouldbeinsulatedinaccordancewithTable32.

4.0 Controls

a. Programmableroomthermostatswithamanualoverridefeatureforallheatingzoneswithairorfloortemperaturesensingcapabilitiesshouldbeusedindividuallyorcombined.

Electric cable, direct-acting systems with individual room timer or thermostat control in timber floors

5.0 Construction

a. Direct-actingelectricunderfloorheatingcablesinstalledbelowfloorboardsinvoidsbetweenfloorjoistsshouldbeinsulatedinaccordancewithTable32.

6.0 Controls

a. Programmableroomthermostatswithamanualoverridefeatureshouldbeprovidedtocontrolspacetemperatureandlimitfloorvoidtemperatureforsafetyandcomfortineacharea.

Under-tile electric floor heating systems

7.0 Construction

a. Direct-actingelectricunderfloorheatingcablesshouldbeprovidedwithapre-fabricatedmattress,orequivalentIEC60800:2009approvedheatingcableproduct,ofthicknesslessthan4mmencapsulatedintilebeddingadhesiveormortar,belowaceramicorotherequivalentfloorfinishonathermallyresistiveinsulationlayerasinTable321.0b.

8.0 Controls

a. Programmableroomthermostatswithamanualoverridefeatureshouldbeprovidedtocontrolspacetemperatureandlimitfloortemperatureforsafetyandcomfortineacharea.



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Section 8: Mechanical ventilation

8.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofmechanicalventilationsystemsindwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

Theguidancecoversthefollowingtypesofmechanicalventilation:

• intermittentextract

• continuousextract

• continuoussupply

• continuoussupplyandextractwithheatrecovery.

8.2 Energy efficiency of mechanical ventilation systemsMechanicalventilationsystemsshould:

a. followtheguidanceintheDCLGDomestic Ventilation Compliance Guide (availableatwww.planningportal.gov.uk/approveddocuments/PartF)

b. meettheminimumstandardsforspecificfanpower,heatrecoveryefficiencyandcontrolsinTable34

c. complywithEuropeanCommissionRegulationNo327/2011implementingDirective2009/125/ECwithregardtoecodesignrequirementsforfansdrivenbymotorswithanelectricinputpowerbetween125Wand500kW.

Table 34 Recommended minimum standards for mechanical ventilation systems

Minimum standard

1.0 Fan power

a. Mechanicalventilationsystemsshouldbedesignedtominimiseelectricfanpower.Thespecificfanpower(SFP)shouldbenotworsethan:

i. 0.5W/(l.s)forintermittentextractventilationsystems

ii. 0.7W/(l.s)forcontinuousextractventilationsystems

iii.0.5W/(l.s)forcontinuoussupplyventilationsystems

iv. 1.5W/(l.s)forcontinuoussupplyandextractwithheatrecoveryventilationsystems.

2.0 Heat recovery efficiency

a. Theheatrecoveryefficiencyofbalancedmechanicalventilationsystemsincorporatingheatrecoveryshouldbenotworsethan70%.

3.0 Controls

a. Controlsmaybemanual(i.e.operatedbytheoccupant)orautomatic.


GPG268Energy efficient ventilation in dwellings – a guide for specifiers.

British Standards

BSEN15232:2012Energy performance of buildings. Impact of building automation, controls and building management.

Section 8: Mechanical ventilation



http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/approveddocuments/PartF

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Section 9: Heat pumps


9.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofheatpumpsystemsindwellingsfortheprovisionofspaceheatinganddomestichotwatertomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

Aheatpumpisadevicewhichtakesheatenergyfromalowtemperaturesourceandupgradesittoahighertemperatureatwhichitcanbeusefullyemployedforheatingorhotwater.Heatpumpsmaysupplyallorpartoftheheatingload.

Theguidanceinthissectionappliestothetypesofelectrically-drivenheatpumpinTable35usedastheheatgeneratorinunderfloor,warmairandmediumtemperatureradiatorheatingsystems,etc.




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Table 35 Heat pump technologies

Heat pump typeWarm water and hot water systems Warm air systems

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems

HeatenergyisextractedfromthegroundusingclosedpipeloopsburiedhorizontallyintrenchesorinverticalboreholesthatareconnectedbacktotheGSHP.Thefluidcirculatingintheclosedloopisnormallyawater/propyleneglycolantifreezemixtureoracceptedequivalentbutsomedirectexpansionGSHPsuserefrigerant.Openloopsmayalsobeusedtocollectwaterfromanaquiferanddischargeviaaseparateaquiferdownstreamofthewatertableflow;systemsofthistypenormallyrequirepermitsfromtheEnvironmentAgency.Heatextractedfromthegroundmaybesuppliedtoadwellingeitherbyawater-basedheatingsystem(ground-to-waterheatpump)orbyanairdistributionsystem(ground-to-airheatpump).

Ground-to-water Ground-to-air

Water source heat pump (WSHP) systems

Heatenergyisextractedindirectlyfromawatersourceusingclosedpipeloopsasaheatexchanger.Theclosedloopisconnectedbacktothewater-to-waterheatpump.Thewatersourcemaybealake,pondorriverorotherstablewatersource.Thefluidcirculatingintheclosedloopwillnormallybewaterbutawater/propyleneglycoloracceptedequivalentantifreezemixturemaybeused,dependingonoperatingtemperatures.OpenloopsmayalsobeusedsubjecttothepermitsbeingobtainedfromtheEnvironmentAgency.Heatmaybesuppliedtothedwellingeitherbyawater-basedheatingsystem(water-to-waterheatpump)orbyanairdistributionsystem(water-to-airheatpump).

Water-to-water Water-to-air

Air source heat pump (ASHP) systems

Airsourceheatpumpsextractheatdirectlyfromtheambientair.Heatissuppliedtothedwellingeitherbyawater-basedheatingsystem(air-to-waterheatpump)orbyanairdistributionsystem(air-to-airheatpump).Airsourceheatpumpsmaybesinglepackageorsplitsystems.

Air-to-water Air-to-air


Allheatpumpsystemsareattheirmostefficientwhenthesourcetemperatureisashighaspossible,theheatdistributiontemperatureisaslowaspossibleandpressurelossesinairandwatersystemsarekepttoaminimum.Ifinstalledinanewdwelling,heatpumpsshoulduserefrigerantscomplyingwiththeprovisionsofECRegulationNo2037/2000.HeatpumpsshouldbeCEmarkedinaccordancewithapplicableEUdirectives:e.g.themachinerysafety,lowvoltage,pressureequipmentandelectromagneticcompatibilitydirectives.Ifsummercoolingisprovidedbytheheatpump,itisrecommendedthatcondensatedrainagefromtheindoorunitsisprovided.



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9.2 Key termsCoefficientofperformance(COP)isameasureoftheefficiencyofaheatpumpatspecifiedsourceandsinktemperatures,butmaynotaccuratelyrepresentinstalledperformance:

HeatingCOPheatoutput/powerinput

%COP(COP100)istheheatgeneratorefficiency.

COPismeasuredinaccordancewiththeproceduresinBSEN14511:2013,Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling.

Seasonalcoefficientofperformance(SCOP)istheoverallcoefficientofperformanceoftheheatpumpoverthedesignatedheatingseason.Itmakesgeneralassumptionsabouttheamountofauxiliaryheatingneededtotopupthespaceandwaterheatingavailablefromtheheatpump.

SCOPismeasuredinaccordancewiththeproceduresinBSEN14825:2013,Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling. Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance.

TheNationalCalculationMethodologyforcalculatingcarbondioxideemissionratesfrombuildingsusesSCOP.

Seasonalperformancefactor(SPF)isanothermeasureoftheoperatingperformanceofanelectricheatpumpovertheseason.Itistheratiooftheheatdeliveredtothetotalelectricalenergysuppliedovertheseason,butthereareuptosevendifferentwaystodrawthesystemboundaries.Forexample,SPFH2

(whichisSCOP)excludesauxiliaryresistanceheatingwhereasSPF

H4includesit–makingalarge

difference.

SAP2012calculationsuseSPF–eithermeasuredvaluesforproductslistedintheProductCharacteristicsDatabase,orthedefaultvaluesinTable4aforproductsnotlistedthere.

TheMicrogenerationCertificationSchemeinstallationstandard,MIS3005,usesSPFtocalculatesystemperformance(althoughtheheatpumpproductstandard,MCS007,currentlyspecifiesaminimumCOP).

Seasonalprimaryenergyefficiencyratio(SPEER)isanemergingratingfigurereflectingtheuseofprimaryenergyforalltypesofheatpump,fossilfuelboilerandgas-drivencogenerationtechnologies,aswellashybridsystemswheresolarheatingoraheatpumpisbackedupwithelectricheatingorafossilfuelboiler.

EnergylabellingwiththeSPEERwillbemandatoryfrom2015undertheEnergyLabellingDirective.TestingandratingwillbeinaccordancewithBSEN14825,asforSCOP.

9.3 Warm water and hot water heat pumpsAtthetimeofpreparationofthisguide,EuropeanCommissionRegulationNo206/2012setsstandardsfortheSCOPofelectrically-drivenair-to-airheatpumpswithanoutput12kW.TherearecurrentlynoEuropeanteststandardsforpart-loadtestingofair-to-airheatpumpswithanoutput12kWorforothertypesofheatpump,andtheperformanceofthesemustbespecifiedusingCOPobtainedattheheatingsystemratingconditions.



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Thecurrentrecommendationsinthisguidearethatelectrically-drivenheatpumpsshould:

a. ifair-to-airwithanoutput12kW,haveatleastaSCOP‘D’ratingforthemediantemperaturerangeinBSEN14825

b. orelsehaveaCOPwhichisnotlessthan:

i. 2.5forspaceheatinginnewdwellings

ii. 2.2forspaceheatinginexistingdwellings

iii. 2.0forheatingdomestichotwater

c. meettheminimumstandardsforsupplytemperature,wetsystemradiatorefficiency,installationandcommissioning,hotwaterandcontrolsinTable36forwarmwaterandhotwaterheatpumps

d. meettheminimumstandardsforinstallationandcontrolsinTable37forwarmairheatpumps.

Table 36 Recommended minimum standards for warm water and hot water heat pumps (ground-to-water, water-to-water and air-to-water systems)


1.0 Supply water temp-eratures and efficiency

Underfloor heating

a. Supplywatertemperaturestotheunderfloorheatingsystemshouldbeintherange30°Cto40°Cfornewbuildingsand30°Cto55°Cforexistingsystems.

SeeSection7ofthisguideonunderfloorheating.

Radiators

b. High-efficiencyradiatorswithhighwatervolumeshouldbeutilised.

c. Supplywatertemperaturetotheradiatorsshouldbeintherange40°Cto55°C.

Spaceheatingmaybesizedtomeetallorpartofthespaceheatingload.Secondaryheatingwillberequirediftheheatpumpissizedtomeetpartofthespaceheatingload.

Fan coil units

d. Supplywatertemperaturetothefancoilunitsshouldbeintherange35°Cto45°C.

Fancoilunitsmaybeutilisedforheatingonlyorforwinterheatingandsummercooling.



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Table 36 Recommended minimum standards for warm water and hot water heat pumps (ground-to-water, water-to-water and air-to-water systems) (continued)


2.0 Installation and commission-ing

a. Thewaterdistributionsystemshouldbearrangedforreversereturnoperationorarrangedwithalowlossmanifoldsystemtomaximiseefficiencyandeasecommissioningandfuturemaintenance.

b. Pipeworknotcontributingtothespaceheatingshouldbeinsulatedtopreventheatloss,followingtheguidanceintheTIMSAguide.

c. Ifsummercoolingisprovidedbytheheatpump,allwaterdistributionpipeworkshouldbeinsulatedtopreventcondensation,followingtheguidanceintheTIMSAguide.

d. Externalpipeworkbetweenthedwellingandthegroundheatexchangershouldbeinsulated,followingtheTIMSAguidance.

e. Thegroundloopwatercircuitshouldbeprotectedwithanantifreezesolutionandinhibitorasrecommendedbytheheatpumpmanufacturer.

f. Groundloopsshouldbecleanedwithacleaningfluidandbiocideaspartofthecommissioningprocess.

g. Theinternalwaterdistributioncircuitshouldcontainaninhibitorandmaybeprotectedbyanantifreezesolutionasrecommendedbytheheatpumpmanufacturer.

h. Groundloopsshouldbefilledwithaheattransferfluid.Installersshouldalsorefertotheequipmentmanufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforappropriatetreatmentproductsandspecialrequirementsforindividualappliancemodels.

Design

Apressurisedwaterdistributionsystemwithexpansionvesselisrecommended.

Constantwaterflowshouldbemaintainedthroughtheheatpump.

Pipesizesshouldbeinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’srecommendations.

Installation

Installationshouldbecarriedoutbyaninstallerapprovedbythemanufacturer.

Ifduringinstallationaccesstotherefrigerationcircuitisneeded,acompetentrefrigerationandairconditioningengineerholdingarefrigeranthandlingcertificateandanEngineeringServicesSkillcardshouldcarryoutthework.

Exposedrefrigerationpipeworkshouldbeinsulatedandenclosedinprotectivetrunkingtolimitaccidentaldamage.

Installationofthedwelling’swaterdistributionsystemshouldbeundertakenbyacompetentcentralheatingspecialist.

Guidance and standards

TIMSAHVAC guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations.

BSEN378:2008Refrigerating systems and heat pumps.Safety and environmental requirements.

TR30Guide to good practice – heat pumps,HVCA,July2007.

MIS3005Requirements for contractors undertaking the supply, design, installation, set to work, commissioning and handover of microgeneration heat pump systems,DECC.



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Table 36 Recommended minimum standards for warm water and hot water heat pumps (ground-to-water, water-to-water and air-to-water systems) (continued)


3.0 Domestic hot water (DHW)

a. Forfullheating,theheatpumpandanysupplementarydomestichotwaterheatingshouldbecapableofsupplyingwaterintherange60°Cto65°C.Thisisapplicabletoground-to-water,water-to-waterandair-to-watertypeheatpumps.

b. Iftheheatpumpisnotcapableofsupplyingwateratthesetemperatures,supplementaryheatingshouldbeprovidedandcontrolledasdescribedinothersectionsofthisguide.Controlsshouldincludeanauxiliaryheatingregimeto60°Cormorefordisinfectionpurposes.

c. Thedomestichotwatersystemshouldhavetemperaturecontrol(e.g.atankthermostat)andtimecontroltooptimisethetimetakentoheatthewater.

TheheatpumpmaybeutilisedforallorpartoftheDHWload.DuringtheDHWheatingperiodtheheatpumpmaynotnecessarilybeprovidingheatedwatertothespaceheatingsystem.

4.0 Controls

a. Heatpumpunitcontrolsshouldinclude:

i. controlofwaterpumpoperation(internalandexternalasappropriate)

ii. controlofwatertemperatureforthedistributionsystem

iii. controlofoutdoorfanoperationforair-to-waterunits

iv. defrostcontrolofexternalairsideheatexchangerforair-to-watersystems

v. protectionforwaterflowfailure

vi. protectionforhighwatertemperature

vii. protectionforhighrefrigerantpressure

viii. protectionforairflowfailureonair-to-waterunits.

b. Externalcontrolsshouldinclude:

i. weathercompensationorinternaltemperaturecontrol

ii. timerorprogrammerforspaceheating.

c. Minimumheatpumpflowratesorvolumerequirementsshouldbemet.Ifallzonesarethermostaticallycontrolled,thenabufferwouldbeanacceptablemethodofcompliance.



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Table 37 Recommended minimum standards for warm air heat pumps (ground-to-air, water-to-air and air-to-air systems)


1.0 Installation

a. Minimumclearancesadjacenttoallairflowpaths,asrecommendedbythemanufacturer,shouldbemaintained.

b. Pipesizesshouldbeinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’srecommendations.

c. Therefrigerantpipeworkonsplitsystemsshouldbeinsulatedinlinewiththemanufacturer’srecommendations.

d. Ifsummercoolingisprovidedbytheheatpump,provisionshouldbemadeforcondensatedrainagefromtheindoorterminalunits.

e. Forground-to-airandwater-to-airsystemsallexternalpipeworkbetweenthedwellingandtheexternalheatexchangershouldbeinsulatedfollowingTIMSAguidance.

f. Forground-to-airandwater-to-airsystemsconstantwaterflowshouldbemaintainedthroughtheheatpump.

Installationshouldbecarriedoutbyaninstallerapprovedbythemanufacturer.

Installationthatrequiresaccesstotherefrigerationcircuit,ortheconnectionofsplitsystems,shouldbecarriedoutbyacompetentrefrigerationandairconditioningengineerholdingarefrigeranthandlingcertificateandanEngineeringServicesSkillcard.

TIMSAHVAC guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations.

2.0 Controls

a. Heatpumpunitcontrolsshouldinclude:

i. controlofroomairtemperature(ifnotprovidedexternally)

ii. controlofoutdoorfanoperationforair-to-airunits

iii. defrostcontrolofexternalairsideheatexchangerforair-to-airsystems

iv. controlforsecondaryheating(iffitted)onair-to-airsystems

v. controlofexternalwaterpumpoperationforground-to-airandwater-to-airsystems

vi. protectionforhighrefrigerantpressure

vii. protectionforindoorairflowfailure

viii. protectionforexternalairflowfailureonair-to-airunits

ix. protectionforwaterflowfailureonground-to-airandwater-to-airsystems.

b. Externalcontrolsshouldinclude:

i. weathercompensationorinternaltemperaturecontrol

ii. timerorprogrammerforspaceheating.

c. Minimumheatpumpflowratesorvolumerequirementsshouldbemet.Ifallzonesarethermostaticallycontrolled,thenabufferwouldbeanacceptablemethodofcompliance.



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Guidance

MicrogenerationCertificationSchemestandardMIS3005Requirements for contractors undertaking the supply, design, installation, set to work, commissioning and handover of microgeneration heat pump systems.

MicrogenerationCertificationSchemestandardMIS3007Product certification scheme requirements – heat pumps.

Heat emitter guide for domestic heat pumps.Availablefromhttp://www.microgenerationcertification.org/mcs-standards/installer-standards.

Design of low-temperature domestic heating systems – A guide for system designers and installers.FB59,IHSBREPress.Availablefromwww.brebookshop.com.

CE82EnergyEfficiencyBestPracticeinHousing:Domestic ground source heat pumps: design and installation of closed-loop systems.

HeatPumpAssociationdatasheetAir-to-water heat pumps.

HVCATR30Guide to good practice: Heat pumps.

Standards

BSEN15450:2007Heating systems in buildings. Design of heat pump heating systems.

BSEN15316-4-2:2008Heating systems in buildings. Methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies.Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems.

BSEN378-1:2008+A2:2012Refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Safety and environmental requirements. Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria.

BSEN378-2:2008+A2:2012 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Safety and environmental requirements. Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation.

BSEN378-3:2008+A1:2012Refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Safety and environmental requirements. Installation site and personal protection.

BSEN378-4:2008+A1:2012Refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Safety and environmental requirements. Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery.

ISO13256-1:1998Water-source heat pumps. Testing and rating for performance. Water-to-air and brine-to-air heat pumps.

ISO13256-2:1998Water-source heat pumps. Testing and rating for performance. Water-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps.



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Section 10: Comfort cooling

Section 10: Comfort cooling

1 0.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationoffixedmechanicalcomfortcoolingsystemsandfansindwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

(Dwellingsshouldalwaysbedesignedtoavoidorminimisetheneedforcoolingthroughtheappropriateuseofsolarcontrol,secureventilationandthermalmass.)

10.2 Air-cooled and water-cooled air conditionersCoolingsystemsinnewandexistingdwellingsshould:

a. meettheminimumstandardsforefficiencyinTable38

b. becontrolledtopreventsimultaneousheatingandcoolingofthesamespacewithinthedwelling

c. complywithEuropeanCommissionRegulationNo327/2011forfansdrivenbymotorswithanelectricinputpowerbetween125Wand500kW,andRegulationNo206/2012forsystemswithacoolingcapacityofupto12kW,bothimplementingDirective2009/125/ECwithregardtoecodesignrequirementsforenergy-relatedproducts.

Table 38 Recommended minimum standards for air conditioner efficiency


a. Air-cooledairconditionersworkingincoolingmodeshouldhaveanEERgreaterthan2.4.

b. Water-cooledairconditionersworkingincoolingmodeshouldhaveanEERgreaterthan2.5.

c. FixedairconditionersshouldhaveanenergyefficiencyclassificationequaltoorbetterthanClassCinSchedule3ofthelabellingschemeadoptedunderTheEnergyInformation(HouseholdAirConditioners)(No2)Regulations,SI2005/1726.

Installationshouldbecarriedoutbyaninstallerapprovedbythemanufacturerorsupplier.Theinstallershouldbeacompetentrefrigerationandairconditioningengineerwithavalidrefrigeranthandlingcertificate.

Exposedrefrigerationpipeworkshouldbeinsulatedandenclosedinprotectivetrunkingtolimitaccidentaldamage.

See:www.eurovent-certification.com

British Standards

BSEN14511-2:2013Airconditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling. Test conditions.

BSEN14511-4:2013Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling. Requirements.



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Section 11: Solar water heating

11.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofsolarwaterheatingfordwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

Theguidanceinthissectioncoversindirectsolarsystemswithacollectorareaoflessthan20m2andsolarheatedwaterstorageoflessthan440litres.Itdoesnotcover‘direct’solarsystems15orsystemsintendedtocontributeexclusivelytospaceheatingorsystemsprovidingheatexclusivelytoheatswimmingpools.Itshouldbeusedinconjunctionwiththeguidanceonwaterheatingcontainedinthefuel-basedsectionsofthisguide.

11.2 Indirect systemsIndirectsolarheatingsystemsinstalledasnewsystemsandreplacementsystemsshouldmeettheminimumstandardsfor:

a. collectorcertification,identificationandtesting,collectorprimarylooptransferfluid,circulationpumppower,heat-exchangersizing,systemcontrol,solarpre-heatedwaterstorageandsystempreparationinTable39

b. systemlabellingandcommissioninginTable40

c. insulatingpipesinasolarprimarysysteminTable41.


Whenworkiscarriedoutonanexistingindirectsolarhotwatersystem,itisrecommendedthatthesystemcontrolsandinsulationshouldbeupgradedinlinewiththestandardsfornewsystems.

Table 39 Recommended minimum standards for indirect solar water heating


1.0 Allowance for collector shading

a. Nominimumprovision. Solarcollectorsshouldbesitedinunshadedlocationswhereverpossible.Wherethisisunavoidableorincasesofsignificantorheavyshadingorsignificantvariancetotheoptimumorientationandtilt(i.e.normalpitchroofsfacingbetweenSEandSW),thenanallowanceforthelossofperformanceshouldbemadewhensizingthecollectorareaaccordingtothefactorsindicatedinSAP2012AppendixH.

15 TheMicrogenerationCertificationSchemeStandardMIS3001includesguidanceonsolarheatingsystemswithadedicatedsolarvolumethatisbelowtheminimumrecommendedforindirectsystems.SAP2012AppendixHsetsoutrulesforestimatingtheannualenergyperformanceofsolarheatingsystems,includingdirectsystems.



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Table 39 Recommended minimum standards for indirect solar water heating (continued)


2.0 Solar collector certification

a. Collectorsshouldbeindependentlycertifiedtocomplywithallrequiredtestsforsafetyandthermalperformance,andforreportingandidentificationaccordingtoBSEN12975-1:2006+A1:2010Thermal solar systems and components. Solar collectors. General requirements.

Copiesofthefulltestreportshouldbemadeavailableuponrequest.

3.0 Primary circuit fluid

a. Thetransferfluidinthecollectorprimaryloopshouldbechosensoasnottodepositlimescale,sludge,iceorothersolidsthatcouldeitherrestrictcirculationorimpairtherateofheattransferwithintheabsorber.

Insecondarysystems,measurestoreducetheformationoflimescaleshouldbeconsideredsothatperformanceisnotsignificantlyaffected.

4.0 Circulation pump power

a. Theelectricalinputpoweroftheprimarypumpinthesolarsystemshouldbelessthan50Wor2%ofpeakthermalpowerofcollector,whicheveristhehigher.

5.0 Heat-exchanger sizing

a. Theheatexchangerbetweenasolarprimaryandsecondarysystemshouldbesizedsothatnotlessthan0.1m2orequivalentofheatexchangerareaisprovidedper1m2ofsolarcollectornetabsorberarea.

Aheatexchangerreducesthepossibilityofclogginganddepositionduetodirt,scaleorsimilarimpuritiesthatcouldreducethesystemperformance.

Heatexchangersandstoreconnectionsshouldbesizedandlocatedtopromotealowreturntemperaturetothesolarcollector.Solarheatexchangersareoftensizedlargerthanthoseusuallyusedongas-oroil-basedprimarysystemsowingtothelowertemperatureoftransfer.

6.0 System control

a. Solardomestichotwater(DHW)systemcontrolsshouldbefittedto:

i. maximisetheusefulenergygainfromthesolarcollectorsintothesystem’sdedicatedstorage

ii. minimisetheaccidentallossofstoredenergybythesolarDHWsystem,whetheroriginatingfromsolarcollectors,coldintakeorauxiliaryheatsources

iii.ensurethathotwaterproducedbyback-up(auxiliary)heatsourcesisnotusedwhenadequategradesolarpre-heatedwaterisavailable

iv.provideameansofcontrolconsistentwiththesolarsystembeinghydraulically(inherently)secureagainsttheadverseeffectsofexcessiveprimarytemperaturesandpressures

v. whereaseparateDHWheatingapplianceispre-heatedbyasolarsystem,controltheappliancewherepossiblesuchthatnoextraheatisaddedifthetargettemperatureisalreadysatisfiedfromthepre-heatvessel

vi.informtheenduserofthesystem’scorrectfunctionandperformanceatalltimes.



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7.0 Solar pre-heated water storage

a. Ventedcopperhotwaterstoragevesselsshouldcomplywiththeheatlossandback-upheatingheatexchangerrequirementsofBS1566-1:2002Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes. Open vented copper cylinders. Requirements and test methods.

b. UnventedhotwaterstoragesystemproductsshouldcomplywithBSEN12897:2006oranequivalentstandard.

c. Primarystoragesystemsshouldmeettheinsulationrequirementsofsections4.3.1or4.3.2oftheHotWaterAssociationPerformance specification for thermal stores.

VentedcopperhotwatercylindersshouldcarryclearlabellingontheproductsuchasaBSIKitemark,registeredfirmstatusorreferencetoanequivalentqualitycontrolscheme.

VentedcylinderswhicharenotofcopperconstructionshouldbelabelledascomplyingwiththeheatlossandheatexchangerrequirementsofBS1566-1:2002.

Duetothehigherthannormalstoragetemperaturesinprimarystores,itisveryimportantthattheyarewellinsulated.

8.0 Volume of solar pre-heated water

a. Theratioofsolarheatedwaterstoragevolumetocollectorareashouldbeasfollows:

i. Thededicatedsolarstoragevolume,Vs,shouldbeat

least25litres(orequivalentheatcapacity)pernetsquaremetreofthesolarcollectorabsorberarea.

ii. Alternatively,Vsshouldbeavolume(orequivalent

heatcapacity)whichisequivalenttoatleast80%ofthedailyhotwaterdemand,V

d(asdefinedby

SAP2012).

Collectorareaismeasuredaseffectiveapertureornetabsorberarea,whicheverissmaller.

Aseparatepre-heatstoragevesselshouldbeconsideredwhereverpossible.



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New build

a. Solarprimarycircuitsshouldbethoroughlycleanedwithanappropriatecleanerandflushedthroughwithsolarheattransferfluidbeforefillingwiththesolarheattransferfluid.

b. Systemsshouldbefilledwithaheattransferfluidcontainingavolatileinhibitorpackage,capableofprotectingthesystemfromfrostandcorrosionatalloperatingtemperatures.

c. Installersshouldrefertotheequipmentmanufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforappropriatetreatmentproductsandspecialrequirementsforindividualappliancemodels.

d. Wheremainswaterisusedtofillthesolarprimarycircuitandthetotalwaterhardnessexceeds200partspermillion,provisionshouldbemadetoreducethelimescale.

Existing installations

e. Solarthermalsystemsshouldbecleanedwithanappropriatecleanerformulatedtoremovebuild-upofdegradationfilmsfromexhaustedheattransferfluids,thenflushedthroughwithfreshsolarheattransferfluid.

f. Systemsshouldbefilledwithaheattransferfluidcontainingavolatileinhibitorpackage,capableofprotectingthesystemfromfrostandcorrosionatalloperatingtemperatures.

g. Installersshouldrefertotheequipmentmanufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforappropriatetreatmentproductsandspecialrequirementsforindividualappliancemodels.

PartsofBS7593:2006Code of practice for treatment of water in domestic hot water central heating systemsmayassistinflushingandcleaningprocedures.

Legionnaire’s disease: The control of legionella bacteria in water systems.Approvedcodeofpracticeandguidance,HSEBooks.



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Table 40 Recommended minimum standards for labelling, commissioning and documentation for solar hot water systems


1.0 Labelling of solar collectors and hot water stores

a. AllsolarcollectorsshouldhaveavisibleanddurablelabeldisplayingallinformationrequiredaccordingtoBSEN12975-1:2006+A1:2010,andincludingatleastthefollowing:

i. nameofmanufacturer

ii. collectortype

iii. serialnumber

iv. yearofproduction

v. grossareaofcollector

vi. apertureareaofcollector

vii. netabsorberareaofcollector

viii. maximumoperationpressure

ix. stagnationtemperatureat1000W/m2and30°Cambient

x. volumeofheattransferfluid

xi. weightofemptysolarcollector.

b. Allhotwaterstoragevesselsshouldcarryalabelwiththefollowinginformation:

i. nameofmanufacturer

ii. nominaloverallcapacityinlitres

iii. dedicatedsolarcapacityinlitres

iv. standingheatlossinkWh/day

v. typeofvessel

vi. back-upheatingheatexchangerperformanceinkW(wherepresent)

vii. solarheatingheatexchangerperformanceinkW.

Inadditiontotheminimumprovisionforlabellingofhotwaterstoragevessels,labellingwiththefollowinginformationisalsorecommended:

• Totalnetfluidcontentofsecondaryvolumenormallyheatedbyeachheatexchanger,wherepresent(1.0litre).

• Thetype,fluidcontent,maximumpressureandsurfaceareaofallheatexchangers.

2.0 Commis-sioning

a. Asignedanddatedcommissioningcertificateshouldbecompletedtoconfirmtheequipmenthasbeencorrectlyinstalledandtorecordkeysafetyandoperationalfeatures.

b. Asaminimum,thecommissioningcertificateshouldrecordthefollowingdetailsofthesolarsystem:

i. netorapertureareaofsolarcollector

ii. minimumambienttemperaturewithoutfreezedamagetocomponents

iii. locationofdeviceandmethodforcontrollingover-pressure

iv. locationoftheelectricalisolatingswitch

v. typeofcirculationfluid

vi. circulationrateofcollectorcircuit

vii. locationofdeviceforprotectingagainstoverheatingofsolarheatedwater.

Asignedcommissioningcertificate,certifyingthattheequipmentissafe,legalandfitforitsintendedpurpose,shouldbehandedovertothedwellingowneroruserasapplicable.

AseparatecertificateisrequiredtocovertheinstallationandcommissioningofthehotwaterstoragevesselsandapplianceswithinasolarDHWsystem.

Acommissioningengineershouldbeacompetentpersonwhocanpersonallytestifybysignatureanddatethattheequipmenthasbeencommissioned.



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Table 40 Recommended minimum standards for labelling, commissioning and documentation for solar hot water systems (continued)


3.0 Document-ation

Informationprovidedtothedwellingownerorusershouldinclude:

• usermanual

• warrantyinformation

• arecommendedmaintenanceschedule

• commissioningcertificate

• fullcontactdetailsoftheinstaller.



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Table 41 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in solar hot water systems


a. Allpipesofasolarprimarysystemshouldbeinsulatedthroughoutthelengthofthecircuit.

b. Allotherpipesconnectedtohotwaterstoragevessels,includingtheventpipe,shouldbeinsulatedforatleast1metrefromtheirpointsofconnectiontothecylinder,orinsulateduptothepointwheretheybecomeconcealed.

c. PipesshouldbeinsulatedwithappropriatelylabelledmaterialsandinlinewiththeTIMSAguide.

d. HeatlossvaluesshouldnotexceedthevaluesintheSupplementaryinformationcolumn.

Theinsulationshouldbesuitablyratedforthemaximumforeseeablepipetemperatureapplicable,andwhereexternalalsoberesistanttoverminattackandclimaticdegradation.

Inadwellingthatalreadyhasasolarhotwatersystem,itisrecommendedthattheinsulationshouldbeupgradedinlinewiththeseminimumprovisionswheresignificantwork,suchaschangeofsolarstorage,iscarriedout.

Afully-filledordrainbacksolarhotwatersystemcanhaveapipeservicetemperatureof150°C.Theinsulationmaterialshouldbespecifiedtoaccommodatethistemperature.AnEPDMbasedrubberwouldnormallybeaminimumrequirementforsuchanapplication.Anyinsulationspecifiedshouldbebetterthan0.044W/(m.K)at40°Cmeanandtheinsulationdiametershouldbe87%ofthepipediameter.


1012152228354254


10.0711 .0812. 1 914. 1 2


FurtherguidanceonconvertingheatlosslimitstothicknessesofinsulationforspecificthermalconductivitiesisavailableintheTIMSAHVAC guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations.

Insulation for pipework in unheated areas

Itmaybenecessarytoprotectwater-carryingpipeworkinunheatedareasagainstfreezing.Furtherguidanceisavailablein:

• BS5422:2009Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range of -40°C to +700°C.

• BREReportNo262Thermal insulation: avoiding risks, 2002edition.

Further information

MicrogenerationCertificationSchemestandardMIS3001Requirements for contractors undertaking the supply, design, installation, set to work, commissioning and handover of solar heating microgeneration systems.

EnergyEfficiencyBestPracticeinHousingCE131Solar water heating systems. Guidance for professionals, conventional indirect models.

CIBSESolar heating design and installation guide.

CE51/GIL59Central Heating System Specifications (CHeSS),2005.



81

Section 12: Lighting

Section 12: Lighting

12.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationoffixedinternalandexternallightingfornewandexistingdwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

12.2 Key termsCircuit-wattmeansthepowerconsumedinlightingcircuitsbylampsand,whereapplicable,theirassociatedcontrolgear(includingtransformersanddrivers)andpowerfactorcorrectionequipment.

Lightfittingmeansafixedlightorlightingunitthatcancompriseoneormorelampsandlampholders,controlgearandanappropriatehousing.Thecontrolgearmaybeintegratedinthelamporlocatedelsewhereinorneartothefixedlight.

Fixedexternallightingmeanslightingfixedtoanexternalsurfaceofthedwellingsuppliedfromtheoccupier’selectricalsystem.Itexcludeslightingincommonareasofblocksofflatsandinothercommunalaccessways.

12.3 Internal and external lightingFixedinternalandexternallightingshouldmeettheminimumstandardsforefficacyandcontrolsinTable42.



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Table 42 Recommended minimum standards for fixed internal and external lighting


Fixed internal lighting

a. Intheareasaffectedbythebuildingwork,providelowenergylightfittings(fixedlightsorlightingunits)thatnumbernotlessthanthreeperfourofallthelightfittingsinthemaindwellingspacesofthoseareas(excludinginfrequentlyaccessedspacesusedforstorage,suchascupboardsandwardrobes).

b. Lowenergylightfittingsshouldhavelampswithaluminousefficacygreaterthan45lamplumenspercircuit-wattandatotaloutputgreaterthan400lamplumens.

c. Lightfittingswhosesuppliedpowerislessthan5circuit-wattsareexcludedfromtheoverallcountofthetotalnumberoflightfittings.

Lightfittingsmaybeeither:

• dedicatedfittingswhichwillhaveseparatecontrolgearandwilltakeonlylowenergylamps(e.g.pinbasedfluorescentorcompactfluorescentlamps),or

• standardfittingssuppliedwithlowenergylampswithintegratedcontrolgear(e.g.bayonetorEdisonscrewbasecompactfluorescentlamps).

LightfittingswithGLStungstenfilamentlampsortungstenhalogenlampswouldnotmeetthestandard.

TheEnergySavingTrustpublicationGIL20Low energy domestic lightinggivesguidanceonidentifyingsuitablelocationsforfixedenergyefficientlighting.

Asingleswitchshouldnormallyoperatenomorethansixlightfittingswithamaximumtotalloadof100circuit-watts.

Fixed external lighting

Wherefixedexternallightingisinstalled,providelightfittingswiththefollowingcharacteristics:

a. Either:

i. lampcapacitynotgreaterthan100lamp-wattsperlightfitting,and

ii. alllampsautomaticallycontrolledsoastoswitchoffafterthearealitbythefittingbecomesunoccupied,and

iii.alllampsautomaticallycontrolledsoastoswitchoffwhendaylightissufficient.

b. Or:

i. lampefficacygreaterthan45lumenspercircuit-watt,and

ii. alllampsautomaticallycontrolledsoastoswitchoffwhendaylightissufficient,and

iii.lightfittingscontrollablemanuallybyoccupants.


British Standards

BSEN15193:2007Energy performance of buildings. Energy requirements for lighting.

Other related documents

CE80Domestic lighting innovations,EnergyEfficiencyBestPracticeinHousing.

CE61Energy efficient lighting – guidance for installers and specifiers,EnergySavingTrust.

EP84Housing for people with sight loss,ThomasPocklingtonTrustDesignGuide.

IP412Making the most of your sight: Improve the lighting in your home,RNIBandThomasPocklingtonTrust.

Energy Saving Trust best practice standards

TheEnergySavingTrustsetsbestpractice‘EnergySavingRecommended’(ESR)standardsforlampsthatcovernotonlyenergyefficiency,butalsootheraspectsofqualityincludingcolourrendering,warm-uptime,productlifeandpowerfactor.ItisadvisabletoinstallonlyESRlowenergylampsindwellings.



83

Section 13: Micro-combined heat and power

Section 13: Micro-combined heat and power

13.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofmicro-combinedheatandpower(micro-CHP)packagesfordwellingstomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

Theguidancecoversmicro-CHPsystemswithanelectricaloutputlessthan5kWewhichare:

• heat-led

• capableofexportingelectricitytothegrid,and

• controlledinsuchawayastoavoidheatdumping.

13.2 Key termsHeatingplantemissionrate(HPER)istheannualcarbondioxideemissionsfromfuelandpowerconsumedbytheheatingplant,offsetbytheemissionssavedasaresultofanyelectricitygeneratedbytheheatingplant,dividedbytheheatoutputoverayear.ItismeasuredinunitsofkgofcarbondioxideperkWh.TocalculateHPERitisnecessarytoknowtheplantsizeratio.Note:TheHPERincludesanyauxiliaryspaceandwaterheatingthatmaybenecessary,i.e.itrepresentstheperformanceofallheatingplantneededtoprovidespaceandwaterheatingservicetothebuilding,assumingastandarddemandpattern.

Plantsizeratio(PSR)isdefinedasthenominalheatoutputoftheheatingplantdividedbythedesignheatloss(theaverageheatlossofthebuildingonacolddaywithatemperaturedifferentialof24.2°C).Note:Foragivenheatdemand,thePSRdeterminesthepart-loadconditionfortheheatingplant.

13.3 Micro-CHP systemsa. Fornewsystems, theHPERofthemicro-CHPpackage(calculatedasinsub-paragraphc.below)should

benogreaterthanthecarbondioxideemissionfactorforthefueldividedbytheminimumefficiencyforaregularboilerusingthatfuel,atthePSRdeterminedasinsub-paragraphb.below.ThedesignheatlossofthedwellingshouldbecalculatedusingtheEnergySavingTrust’sWhole house boiler sizing method for houses and flats16.

b. ThePSRforthemicro-CHPsystemwhenoperatingintheintendeddwellingshouldbecalculatedasdefinedinparagraph13.2above.

c. TheHPERofthemicro-CHPsystemshouldbecalculatedatthePSRdeterminedinsub-paragraphb.above,usingthemethodologysetoutinDECC’sAnnualPerformanceMethod(APM)17andtheperformancedataforthemicro-CHPpackageestablishedbytestingaccordingtoBSIPAS6718.

16 EnergySavingTrustCE54Whole house boiler sizing method for houses and flats.ThisisaninteractivecalculatoravailablefromtheEnergySavingTrustatwww.energysavingtrust.org.uk/housingbuildings/publications.ThedesignheatlossinkWisthebasicdesignheatlossinboxU(fromthe2010edition).

17 Method to evaluate the annual energy performance of micro-cogeneration heating systems in dwellings(APM),SAP2012revision,DECC.Availablefromwww.bre.co.uk/sap2012.18 BSIPAS67:2008Laboratory tests to determine the heating and electrical performance of heat-led micro-cogeneration packages primarily intended for heating dwellings.



84



British Standards

BSEN15316-4-4:2007Heating systems in buildings. Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies. Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems.

Other documents

AppendixNofSAP2012Method to evaluate the annual energy performance of micro-cogeneration heating systems in dwellings.

BSRIABG2/2007CHP for existing buildings: Guidance on design and installation.

MicrogenerationCertificationSchemestandard,MIS3007-2Requirements for contractors undertaking the design, supply, installation, set to work, commissioning and handover of a domestic hot water system containing an electricity-led micro-cogeneration package.

Connecting a microgeneration system to a domestic or similar electrical installation (in parallel with the mains supply),BestPracticeGuide,theElectricalSafetyCouncil.



85

Section 14: Heating system circulators

Section 14: Heating system circulators

14.1 Scope of guidanceThissectionprovidesguidanceonthespecificationofheatingsystemglandlesscirculators,bothstandaloneandintegratedinproducts,tomeetrelevantenergyefficiencyrequirementsintheBuildingRegulations.

14.2 CirculatorsHeatingsystemglandlesscirculatorsupto2.5kW,providedwithnewsystemsorasreplacementsinexistingsystemsindwellings,shouldmeettheminimumstandardsforenergyefficiencyinTable43.

Table 43 Recommended minimum standards for heating system glandless circulators


InaccordancewithEuropeanCommissionRegulationNo622/2012(amending641/2009)implementingDirective2005/32/ECwithregardtoecodesignrequirementsforglandlesscirculatorsupto2.5kW:

a. From1January2013,standaloneglandlesscirculators,otherthanthosespecificallydesignedforprimarycircuitsofthermalsolarsystemsandofheatpumps,shouldhaveanEnergyEfficiencyIndex(EEI)nogreaterthan0.27.

b. From1August2015,standaloneglandlesscirculatorsandglandlesscirculatorsintegratedinproductsshouldhaveanEnergyEfficiencyIndex(EEI)nogreaterthan0.23.

Furtherinformationandguidance,includingalistofapprovedglandlessdomesticcirculators,isavailableatwww.bpma.org.uk.



http://www.bpma.org.uk

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Appendix A: Abbreviations

APM AnnualPerformanceMethodASHP AirsourceheatpumpBS BritishStandardBSI BritishStandardsInstituteCHeSS CentralHeatingSystemSpecificationsCHP CombinedheatandpowerCO

2 Carbondioxide

COP CoefficientofperformanceDCLG DepartmentforCommunitiesandLocalGovernmentDECC DepartmentofEnergyandClimateChangeDHW DomestichotwaterEEI EnergyEfficiencyIndexEER EnergyefficiencyratioEN EuropeanNorm(standard)ESR EnergySavingRecommendedGSHP GroundsourceheatpumpHPER HeatingplantemissionrateHVAC Heating,ventilationandairconditioningLPG LiquifiedpetroleumgasPAS PubliclyAvailableSpecificationPCDB ProductCharacteristicsDatabasePSR PlantsizeratioRHI RenewableHeatIncentiveSAP StandardAssessmentProcedureSCOP SeasonalcoefficientofperformanceSEDBUK SeasonalEfficiencyofDomesticBoilersintheUKSEER SeasonalenergyefficiencyratioSFP SpecificfanpowerSI StatutoryInstrumentSPEER SeasonalprimaryenergyefficiencyratioSPF SeasonalperformancefactorTER TargetcarbondioxideemissionrateTRV ThermostaticradiatorvalveWSHP Watersourceheatpump



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