Electronics, and Communications SectionCode Title Code Title

Preparatory YearTerm 1 Term 2

Math-I Math-IIPhysics-I Physics-IIChemistry Technical EnglishIntroduction To Computer MechanicsTechnical Drawing Material Technology

First Year: General Communications & Computer

Term 3 Term 4Applied Math for Engineering Probability, Random

Variables, and Stochastic Processes

Electronic Devices Electronic Circuits Circuit Analysis I Logic Circuits

Signals and Systems Introduction to Computer and Communication Engineering

LAB: 1- Basic Electronics 2- Computer Programming I3- Electronic Work shop

LAB: 1- Electronic Circuits & Digital Electronics2- Computer Programming II

Second Year: Communications Engineering Term 5 Term 6

Microprocessor & Micro-Controllers

Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

Control System Engineering, and Design

Electronic Measurements, and Instrumentations

Electromagnetic Fields Antennas and Wave Propagation

Information Theory, and Coding Digital CommunicationsLAB: 1-Microprocessor, 2- Micro-Controllers

LAB: 1-Waves 2- Analog Communications

Third Year: Communications Engineering

Term 7 Term 8Optoelectronics Optical CommunicationsDigital System Design (FPGA/VHDL)

Cellular and Satellite Communications

Telecommunications and Network Planning

Data Communications & Computer Networks

Elective ElectiveLAB :Digital Communications,(Linear Integrated Circuits and Antennas)

LAB 1- Optical2- FPGA

Electives

1) Radio & TV Engineering – 2) Acoustics and Ultrasonic Engineering – 3) Power Electronics – 4) Industrial Electronics – 5) Passive & Active Circuits – 6) Principles

of Microelectronic Device Fabrication ..... مطلوب االختيارات هذه على توافقون هل

إضافاتFourth Year:

Emphasis on: Communication Networks EngineeringTerm 9 Term 10

Seminars Network SecurityCryptography Wireless NetworksAdvanced Computer Networks

Elective

Elective ElectiveLAB: Telephone Engineering + CISCO

Graduation ProjectElectives

Simulation and Modeling – 2)- Network Planning & Management – 3) Embedded System Design – 4) Testing Concepts – 5) Analysis of Computer Communication Networks 7) Independent Reading and Research

هذه على توافقون هلإضافات.... مطلوب االختيارات

Fourth Year:

Emphasis on: Wireless Communications Engineering

Term 9 Term 10Microwave Engineering Wireless Systems

&Spectrum Policy and Management

Antenna Engineering Wireless NetworksElective Microwave Circuit DesignElective SeminarsLAB: Telephone Engineering + Microwaves

Graduation ProjectElectives

1) Modern Passive and Active Filter Design – 2) Embedded System Design – 3) Data Compression – 4) Radar Engineering 5) Reliability Engineering – 6) Remote Control & Telemetry 7) Independent Reading and Research

هذه على توافقون هلإضافات ..... مطلوب االختيارات

Fourth Year:

Emphasis on: VLSI & Embedded Systems Engineering

Term 9 Term 10VLSI Circuits NanotechnologySeminars Applications Specific ICs

(ASICS)Embedded System Design ElectiveElective Elective LAB: Telephone Engineering + Embedded system LAB

Graduation ProjectElectives

1) CAD – 2- Robotics – 3) Introduction to Digital Image Processing (DIP) – 4- Single-Chip Microcomputers – 5) BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION 6) Independent Reading and Research

..... االختيارات هذه على توافقون هلإضافات مطلوب

Fourth Year:

Emphasis on: Transmission and Switching Engineering

Term 9 Term 10Information Theory, and Coding Network Protocols and

ManagementCommunication Switching Systems

Optical Transmission & Switching

Seminars ElectiveElective ElectiveLAB: Telephone Engineering + CISCO

Graduation ProjectElectives

1) Embedded System Design – 2) Neural Networks and Applications 3) Topics in Photonics - 4) Computer Hardware Design 5) Independent

Reading and Research

...... االختيارات هذه على توافقون هلإضافات مطلوب

Elective CoursesThird Year: Communications Engineering

Radio & TV Engineering Data BasePassive & Active Circuits Data StructureApplication Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

Software Engineering

Industrial Electronics Multimedia Computation

Power Electronics Artificial IntelligencePrinciples of Microelectronic Device Fabrication

Acoustics & Ultrasonic Engineering

Fourth Year:

Emphasis on: Communication Networks Engineering

Analysis of Computer Communication Networks

Project management & Operations Research

Simulation and Modeling Operating SystemsNetwork Planning & Management

Advanced Computer Programming

Testing Concepts Embedded System DesignIndependent Reading and Research

Fourth Year:

Emphasis on: Wireless Communications Engineering

Radar Engineering Reliability EngineeringModern Passive and Active Filter Design

Independent Reading and Research

Data Compression Embedded System

Fourth Year:

Emphasis on: VLSI & Embedded Systems Engineering

Robotics – 3) (DIP) CADSingle-Chip Microcomputers Introduction to Digital Image

ProcessingIndependent Reading and Research

BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION

Fourth Year:

Emphasis on: Transmission and Switching EngineeringTopics in Photonics Neural Networks and

ApplicationsIndependent Reading and Research

Embedded System Design

Computer Hardware Design

COURSE DESCRIPTIONSApplied Math for Engineering

First-order and higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODE’s); series solution of ODE’s; system of ODE’s; partial differential equations; boundary value problems; vector spaces; basis and dimensions; Cayley- Hamilton theorem; functions of matrices; state-space representation; difference equations; computer-aided software for computation. power series representation and gamma functions; Fourier Series, Laplace and inverse transform methods; mathematical modeling, computers, and error analysis; fundamentals of unconstrained and constrained optimizations such as golden-section search, quadratic interpolation, gradient methods, and linear programming; least-squares regression; interpolation. Some heuristic algorithms such as Simulated Annealing, Particle Swarm Optimization, etc., Calculus of Complex Variable: Functions; Limits and Continuity; Analytic Functions; Cauchy Riemann Conditions; Analytic Continuation; Complex Integration and Cauchy's Theorem; Cauchy's Integral Formula; Taylor's and Laurent Series; Zeros of an Analytic Function; Poles; Essential Singularities; Residue Theorem (statement only) and it's application to evaluation of integral; Introduction to Conformal Mapping; Simple problems. Text Books:

1. Spiegel M R: Theory and Problems of Complex Variables (Schaum's Outline Series) - McGraw Hill Book Co.

2. Bronson R: Differential Equations (Schaum's Outline Series) - McGraw Hill Book Co.

3. Ross S L: Differential Equations - John Willey & Sons.4. Sneddon I. N.: Elements of Partial Differential Equations - McGraw Hill Book

Co.5. Grewal B S: Higher Engineering Mathematics (thirtyfifth edn) - Khanna Pub.6. Kreyzig E: Advanced Engineering Mathematics - John Wiley and Sons.7. Jana- Undergradute Mathematics8. Lakshminarayan- Engineering Math 1.2.39. Gupta- Mathematical Physics (Vikas)10. Singh- Modern Algebra11. Rao B: Differential Equations with Applications & Programs, Universities

Press12. Murray: Introductory Courses in Differential Equations, Universities Press13. Prasad: Partial Differential Equations, New Age International14. Chowdhury: Elements of Complex Analysis, New Age International15. Dutta: A Textbook of Engineering Mathematics Vol.1 & 2, New Age

International16. Sarveswarao: Engineering Mathematics, Universities Press17. Dhami: Differential Calculus, New Age International

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ELECTRONIC DEVICESModule Icarrier phenomena in semiconductors, Atomic Structure - Atomic bonds-Crystal structure of solids - Electrical conduction in solids: Conduction in metals- electrical conductivity of nonmetals Band theory of solids: Energy levels and energy bands - The effective mass concept-Electrons and holes -The density of states function - Fermi-Dirac statistics - Boltzmann statistics. equilibrium properties of semiconductors.Module IISemiconductors fundamentals: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors - Donor and acceptor states - Carrier concentrations - The Fermi-level in semiconductors. Carrier transport in semiconductors: Carrier mobility and mean free time - Electronic conductivity – Temperature dependence of conductivity- scattering mechanisms- Drift and diffusion currents - The continuity equation, Excess carriers in Semiconductors:Carrier generation and recombination - Minority carrier lifetime. Module IIIp-n junctions – I/V characteristics – breakdown mechanisms – metal semiconductor junctions – tunnel diodes

Module IVBipolar junction transistors – non ideal effects – BJT models – HBTs – JFETs – MOSFETs, Bipolar junction transistor (BJT): Ebermoll model, Static and dynamics characteristics, BJT configurations and biasing region of operations, BJT amplifiers. Field effect transistors. (linear and nonlinear and pinch off regions), JFETs symbol and model and biasing. Insulated gate FETs: Types, Regions of operation, MOSFETs symbol and model and biasing. FETs applications: MOSFET as a resistance, JFET as a constant current source, Selected applications examples. Integrated circuit technology.

Text Books:1.‘Solid state devices’, Ben G Streetman , 5e, 2002, Pearson Education2- “Principles of electronic materials and devices”, S.O. Kasap, Tata McGraw-

Hill Publishing Company edition, 2002.References :1.‘Semiconductor physics and devices’, Donald A Neaman, McGraw Hill, 20032. ‘Semiconductor physical electronics’, Sheng. S.Li, plenum press, 19933.‘Physics of semiconductor devices’, S.M.Sze, McGraw Hill, 2nd edn4.‘Solid state devices’, Ben G Streetman , 5e, 2002, Pearson Education

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ELECTRIC CIRCUITS and NETWORK THEORY

Unit – I:Circuits: Voltage, Ideal Voltage Source, Current Ideal Current Sources, Classification of Circuits, Ohm’s Law, Resistively, Temperature Effect, Resistors, Resistor Power Absorption, Nominal Values and Tolerances, Color Codes, Open and Short Circuits, Internal Resistance. Operational Amplifiers. Capacitance, Inductance, Transformers.Unit - II:DC Circuits: Series and Parallel Circuits, Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Law, Mesh Analysis, Loop Analysis, Nodal Analysis, Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorem, Maximum Power Transfer Theorem, Superposition Theorem, Millman’s Theorem, Tellegens Theorem, Y - D and D- Y Transformation, Bridge Circuits.Unit – III:AC Circuits: Circuits containing Capacitors and Inductors, Transient Response, Alternating Current and Voltages, Phasors, Impedences and Admittance, Mesh Analysis, Loop Analysis, Nodal Analysis, Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorem, Y - D and D- Y Transformation, Bridge Circuits. Resonant Circuits, Complex Frequency and Network Function, Maximum Power Transfer Theorem, Superposition Theorem.Unit IV:Two port Networks. Passive Filters. Graph Techniques for Network Analysis, Laplace Transforms, Fourier series and Transform Methods for Network Analysis.Network topologies - graph theoretic methods to formation of network equations - Review of

network theorems - step response and impulse response of first and second order circuitsModule II (10 Hours)Laplace transform method of network characterisation - impulse response and transfer function- poles and zeros - causality and stabilityModule III (10 Hours)Two port networks - relationships among parameter sets –T and _ equivalent of a two portnetwork – constant k and m-derived filter sectionsModule IV ( 9 Hours)Network synthesis - Foster and Cauer forms of RC and RL networksText Books1. Gupta B.R & Singhal V: Fundementals of Electrical Networks, Wheeler Pubs.2. Van Valkenberg: Network Analysis, Prentice Hall of India3. D. Roy Choudhury: Networks and Systems, New Age International Pubs.4.Reference Books:1. Franklin F. Kuo: Network Analysis and Synthesis, John Wiley and sons2. Valkenberg M E: Introduction to Modern Networks Synthesis, Wiely Eastern3. Desoer C A & kuh E S: Basic Circuit Theory, McGraw Hill4. Edminister: Electric circuits - Schaum’s Outline Series , 3/e, McGraw HillText/Reference:1. K. S. S. Kumar, “Electric Circuits and Networks”, Pearson, 2009.2. van Valkenberg, “Network Analysis”, PHI/Pearson, 2000.3. J. W. Nilsson and S.A. Riedel, “Electric Circuits”, Pearson, 2008.4. D. R. Choudhary, “Networks and Systems” New Age International, 1999.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Computer Programming and Numerical Computations

Unit – IIntroduction: Overview of computer organization and historical perspective computer applications in various fields of science and management.Data representation: Number systems, character representation codes, Binary, hex, octal codes and their inter conversions. Binary arithmetic, Floating point arithmetic, signed and unsigned numbers.Data Storage: Primary and Secondary storage, Introduction to various computer devices such as keyboard, mouse, printers, disk files, floppies etc. Concept of computing, contemporary, Operating Systems such as DOS, Windows’95, UNIX etc. (only brief user level description). Introduction to organization and architecture of mainframe, mini and micro systems. Introduction to E-mail, ftp, login and other network services, world wide web, MS-Office.Introduction to Programming: Concept of algorithms, Flow charts, Example of Algorithms such as how to add ten numbers, roots of a

quadratic equation. Concept of sequentially following up the steps of a algorithm. Notion of program, programmability and programming languages, Structure of programs, Object codes, compilers.Introduction to the Editing tools such as vi or MS-VC editors. Concepts of the finite storage, bits, bytes, kilo, mega and gigabytes, Concepts of character representation. (11 hours)Unit – IIProgramming using C: The emphasis should be more on programming techniques rather that the language itself. The C programming language is being chosen mainly because of the availability of the compilers, books and other reference materials. Example of some simple C program. Dissection of the program line by line, Concepts of Variables, program statements and function calls from the library (printf for example)o C data types, int, char, float etc.o C expressions, arithmetic operations, relational and logic operations.o C assignment statements, extension of assignment to the operations. C

primitive input output using getchar and putchar, exposure to the scanf and printf functions.

o C statements, conditional executing using if, else. Optionally switch and break statements may be mentioned.

o Concepts of loops, example of loops in C using for, while and do-while, Optionally continue may be mentioned.

o One dimensional arrays and example of iterative programs using arrays, 2-d arrays. Use in matrix computations.

o Concept of Sub-programming, functions, Example of functions, Argument passing mainly for the simple variables.

o Pointers, relationship between arrays and pointers, Argument passing using pointers, Array of pointers, Passing arrays as arguments.

o Strings and C string library o Structures and Unions. Defining C structures, passing strings as

arguments, programmingexamples.o File I/O, Use of fopen, fscanf and fprintf routines etc.Approximation in numerical computationTruncation and rounding errors; Interpolation: Lagrange’s Interpolation, Newton forward & backward differences Interpolation, Newton divided difference; Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal, Rule, Simson’s 1/3 Rule, Weddle’ Rule; Numerical Solution of a system of linear equation Gauss elimination method, Matrix Inversion, LU Factorization method, Gauss Jacobi method, Gauss Seidel method; Algebraic Equation: Bisection method, Secant method, Regular-Falsi method, Newton-Raphson method; Numerical solution of ordinary differential equation: Taylor’s series method, Euler’s method, Runge-kutta method, and Predictor- Corrector method;C Language Overview:

Loop, recursion, function, array, pointers, structures, various types of file access methods: Sequential, Indexed Sequential, Random; Various types of files in C and various types file handling statements in C. Implementation above Numerical & Statistical Problems in C Language.Text Books:1. Numerical Analysis & Algorithms, Pradeep Niyogi, TMH, 1st ed.2. Numerical Mathematical Analysis by J.B.Scarborough3. C Language and Numerical Methods by C.Xavier4. Introductory Numerical Analysis by Dutta & Jana5. Balagurusamy: Numerical Methods6. Discrete Mathematical Structure – Rakesh Dube and Vijay Vir, EXCEL

BOOKS7. Numerical Methods (Problems and Solution) by Jain, Iyengar , & Jain8. Numerical Methods In Computer Applications – P.U.Wayse. EPH9. Computer Orinted Numerical Method- N. Dutta vikash10. Numerical Methods with Programs in Basic Fortran Pascal & C++ -

S.B.Rao, Universities Press11. Computer Programming & Numerical Analysis – N.Dutta, Universities

Press12. Numerical Methods for Engineers – Gupta, New Age International13. Numerical Solutions of Differential Equations – Jain M.K.,New Age

International14. Numerical Methods for Scientific & Engg Computation – Jain M.K.,New

Age International15. Numerical Analysis – Rao G.S.,New Age International16. Discrete Mathematical Structures – Rao G.S., New Age International17. Foundations of Discrete Mathematics – Joshi K.D., New Age

International18. Applied Discrete Structures – Joshi, New Age International19. Groups, Rings & Modules with Applications – Adhikari,

M.R.,Universities Press--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Engineering Economics and ManagementUnit - I Fundamentals of Economics: Wealth and Welfare Definitions, Robbins’ Scarcity Definition; Micro and Macro Economics; Nature of Economics –Economics as a social science, Laws of Economics, Assumptions in Economics; Mixed Economies; Basic elements of Supply and Demand –Elasticity of Demand and its cases and types, Factors determining price elasticity of Demand. ; analysis of Gross National Product, determination of National Income, fiscal and monetary policies; importance of international trade and finance on balance of payment and national income.Unit – II

Industrial Policy of the Government, New Industrial Policy-1991; Forms of Business Ownership – Private, Public, and Joint Sector Management; Capital Requirement and Methods of Financing Industry; Cost Concepts – Elements of Costs.

Unit – 3 Evolution of Management Thought (schools of thought); Principles and Functions of Management; Forms of Organization; Decision Making Process; Production Planning and Control.

Unit - 4 Plant Location and Plant Layout; Materials Management; Purchasing Organizations; Inventory Control and ABC Selective Control Policy; Break – even Analysis.

Unit - 5 Leadership – Characteristics, Formal and Informal leaders and responsibilities and qualities of leadership; Motivation – Characteristics, importance, and kinds of motivation; Communication –Nature, Process, forms, and steps for making communication effective; wages and Methods of wage payment; Industrial Disputes and their Settlement; Provisions of Factories Act.

Text Books: 1. Sharma, S.C. & Banga, T.R., - Industrial Organization & Engineering

Economics

2. Dewett, K.K. – Modern Economic Theory

References: 1. Dwivedi, D.N., Managerial Economics

2. Goal, B.S., Production Operation Management

3. Tara Chand Engineering Economics

4. Allen, L.A. Management and Organization

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Electronic Work shop

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Probability and Random Processes

Random experiments, events, probability, discrete and continuous random variables, Samples Space; Definition of Probability; Conditional Probability; General Multiplication Theorem; Independent Events; Bayes' Theorem; Random Variable; Discrete and Continuous Probability, Distributions - Probability mass function; Probability density function; Distribution Function; Expectation; Variance; Probability Distribution—Binomial, Poisson and Normal. Correlation and Regression; Method of Least Squares; Linear Curve Fitting. functions of Random variables, expectations; central limit theorem, law of large numbers, central limit theorem; introduction to random processes, random noise, Gaussian random process, autocorrelation and power spectral density.Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation; Text Books:1. Rathor, Choudhari,: Descrete Structure And Graph Theory.2. Gupta S. C and Kapoor V K: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics - Sultan

Chand & Sons.3. Lipschutz S: Theory and Problems of Probability (Schaum's Outline Series) -

McGraw Hill Book. Co.4. Spiegel M R: Theory and Problems of Probability and Statistics (Schaum's

Outline Series) - McGraw Hill Book Co.5. Goon A.M., Gupta M K and Dasgupta B: Fundamental of Statistics - The World

Press Pvt. Ltd.6. West D.B.: Introduction to Graph Theory - Prentice Hall7. Deo N: Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science

- Prentice Hall.8. Delampady, M: Probability & Statistics, Universities Press9. Bhat: Modern Probability Theory, New Age InternationalGraph Theory:10. Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm for Maximum Flow; Max Flow – Min Cut Theorem

(statement only).---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITSModule.1: BJT amplifiers (10 hours) : Biasing schemes, load line concept, bias stabilization, stability factor, bias compensation, analyses and design of CC, CE and CB configurations, C- coupled and transformer coupled multistage amplifiers, frequency response of amplifiers – thermal runaway in BJT amplifiers.Module.2:FET amplifiers (10 hours): Biasing of JFET – self bias and fixed bias, biasing of MOSFETs – feedback biasing and fixed biasing for enhancement and depletion mode MOSFETs, analyses and design of common source, common drain and common gate amplifier configurations – thermal runaway in MOS amplifiers.Analog IC:

Applications: differential amplifier – current mirrors - current source load and cascode loads – wide swing constant transconductance differential amplifier – op amp with and without compensation - cascode input op amp - typical CMOS op amp parameters - Waveform generation - nonlinear op amp circuits-4 quadrant multipliers and dividers Module.3: Feedback (10 hours) – Effect of feedback on amplifier performance, voltage shunt, voltage series, current series and current shunt feedback configurations, concept of stability, Nyquist criterion . Oscillators – conditions for oscillations - analysis of RC phase shift, Colpitts, Hartley and crystal oscillators. Oscillators (sinusoidal, phase shift, resonant circuits and crystal). Module.4:Power amplifiers ( 9 hours) – Class A, B, AB, C, D & S switching power amplifiers – harmonic distortion, efficiency, relative performance. Wide band amplifiers – road banding techniques, low frequency and high frequency compensation, CC-CE cascade, cascode amplifier, broadbanding using inductors. Tuned Amplifiers, Double Tuned amplifiersModule V (8 hours)MOS differential amplifier – current mirrors - current source load and cascode loads – wide swing constant transconductance differential amplifier - CMOS opamp with and without compensation - cascode input opamp - typical CMOS opamp parametersModule VI(11 hours)Linear opamp circuits - inverting and noninverting configurations - analysis for closed loop gain - input and output impedances - virtual short concept - current to voltage and voltage to current converters - instrumentation amplifier - nonlinear opamp circuits - log and antilog amplifiers - 4 quadrant multipliers and dividers - phase shift and wein bridge oscillators - comparators - astable and monostable circuits - linear sweep circuitsModule IV (10 hours)Butterworth approximation to ideal low pass filter characteristics – features of Chebychev and Bessel approximations - frequency transformations to obtain HPF, BPF and BEF from normalized prototype LPF – Realization of LPF & HPF using Sallen-Key configuration – BPF realization using the Delyannis configuration - BEF using twin T configuration - all pass filter (first & second orders) realizations - inductance simulation using Antoniou’s gyrator.Text Book:1. Donald A. Neamen, Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition,

MCGraw HillReference:1. Millman & Halkias : `Integrated Electronics’, MGH.2. A S Sedra & K C Smith : `Microelectronic Circuits’, Oxford University Press.

3. Robert Boylestad & Louis Nashelsky : `Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory’, PHI.

4. William H Hayt Jr : `Electronic Circuit Analysis & Design’.5. Theodore F Bogart : `Electronic Devices & Circuits’.6. Mark N Horenstein : `Microelectronic Circuits & Devices’, PHI.7. D L Schilling & C Belove : `Electronic Circuits’, Third Ed; MGH.

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Logic Circuits Module I (8 Hours)Review of number systems and Boolean algebra – Simplification methods – Combinational logic design– Arithmetic circuitsModule II (12 Hours)Sequential circuits –Design and analysis of sequential circuits –Analysis of sequential networks – sequential network designModule X (11 Hours)Logic families - TTL and CMOS - Interfacing BJT and CMOS gatesAnalog to digital and digital to analog converters-Module VII Memory(ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, RAM), esign and analysis of sequential circuits –State diagram and ASM approaches.Text Books1.John F. Wakerly: Digital Design Principles and Practices, Pearson Education2.Roth C H: Fundamentals of Logic Design, Jaico Pub3.Morris Mano: Digital Logic and Computer Design, PHI44.Taub B & Schilling: Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw HillReference Books:1.Morris R KL: Design with TTL Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill2.Lewin D & Protheroe D: Design of Logic Systems, Chapman & Hall3.Karz R H: Contemporary Logic Design, Benjamin / Cummings PubText books1. Jacob Baker R., Li H.W. & Boyce D.E., ‘CMOS- Circuit Design, Layout &

imulation’, PHI2. Sergio Franco, ‘Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated

Circuits’, McGraw Hill Book Company3. Fiore J.M., ‘Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits’, Jaico

Publishing House4. Gaykward, Operational Amplifiers, Pearson Education Reference books5. Gobind Daryanani, ‘Principles of Active Network Synthesis & Design’, John

Wiley6. Sedra A.S. & Smith K.C., “Microelectronic Circuits’, Oxford University Press

7. Coughlin R.F. & Driscoll F.F., ‘Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits’, Pearson Education

8. Horenstein M.N., ‘Microelectronic Circuits & Devices’, PHI9. Sung-Mo Kang & Yusuf Leblebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits- Analysis

& Design, Second Ed., MGH10. Jan M Rabaey, Digital Integrated Circuits - A Design Perspective, Prentice

Hall11. Yuan Taur & Tak H Ning, Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices,

Cambridge Univ. Press12. Ken Martin, Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Oxford Univ. Press13. Jacob Baker R., Harry W Li & David E Boyce, CMOS - Circuit Design,

Layout & Simulation, PHI

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Object Oriented ProgrammingProgramming IIntroduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOB). The concept of Abstract Data Types (ADT), classes, and objects. Structured programming vs. OOB. The input and output objects in C++. Classes and Objects in C++. Class inheritance and interface, File I/O.Programming IIFundamentals of java programming, the concept of Java Virtual machine (JVM). OOB with java: Strings, inheritance and polymorphism, abstract classes and interfaces. Graphical User Interface (GUI): graphics, event driven programming, creating user interface, applets and multimedia. Exception Handling, I/O, and Recursion. Concurrency, Networking, and Internationalization. Advanced GUI Programming: Containers, Layout Managers, and Borders, Menus, Toolbars, Dialogs, and Internal Frames, MVC and Swing Models. Web programming: Advanced Java Database Programming, Servlets, JavaServer Pages, Remote Method Invocations.Discrete MathematicsPropositional and predicate logic-methods of theorem proving-strong and weak induction-finite and infinite sets-set operations. Counting: combinatory including permutations and combinations-pigeonhole principle – recursion – divide and conquer. Introduction to algorithms and computational complexity – theta and big-O notation. Graphs – graph terminology, connectivity, trees, spanning trees, Eulerian and Hamiltonian paths – shortest path problem.Text Books1. “Engineering problem solving with C++” by Delores M. Etter (Author),

Jeanine A. Ingber, Prentice Hall; 2 edition (January 10, 2008)

2. “C++ for Engineers and Scientists” by Gary J. Bronson, 2 edition (April 6, 2005)

3. “Introduction to Java Programming” by Y. Daniel Liang, six edition, 2007.

4. “Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications” by Kenneth H. Rosen, McGraw-Hill, 2003

SIGNALS & SYSTEMSUnit- IContinuous and discrete time signals: Classification of Signals – Periodic aperiodic even – odd – energy and power signals – Deterministic and random signals – complex exponential and sinusoidal signals – periodicity – properties of discrete time complex exponential unit impulse – unit step impulse functions – Transformation in independent variable of signals: time scaling, time shifting. Determination of Fourier series representation of continuous time and discrete time periodic signals – Explanation of properties of continuous time and discrete time Fourier series. Representation of continuous time signals by its sample - Sampling theorem – Reconstruction of a Signal from its samples, aliasing – discrete time processing of continuous time signals, sampling of band pass signals.Unit – II:Continuous time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform analysis with examples – properties of the Continuous time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform basic properties, Parseval’s relation, and convolution in time and frequency domains. Basic properties of continuous time systems: Linearity, Causality, time invariance, stability, magnitude and Phase representations of frequency response of LTI systems -Analysis and characterization of LTI systems using Differential Equations and Continuous time LTI systems. Laplace transform: Computation of impulse response and transfer function using Laplace transform.Unit – III:Discrete time system analysis using Difference equations, Discrete Time Fourier Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, FFT and their property and usage in the analysis of Discrete time systems.Basic principles of z-transform - z-transform definition – region of convergence – properties of ROC – Properties of z-transform – Poles and Zeros – inverse z-transform using Contour integration - Residue Theorem, Power Series expansion and Partial fraction expansion, Relationship between z-transform and Fourier transform. Properties of convolution and the interconnection of LTI Systems – Causality and stability of LTI Systems. Computation of Impulse & response & Transfer function using Z Transform.Unit – IV:Systems with finite duration and infinite duration impulse response – recursive and non-recursive discrete time system – realization structures – direct form – I, direct form – II, Transpose, cascade and parallel forms.Text / Reference:

1. AlanV.Oppenheim, Alan S.Willsky with S.Hamid Nawab, Signals & Systems, 2nd edn., Pearson Education, 1997.

2. John G.Proakis and Dimitris G.Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications, 3rd edn., PHI, 2000.

3. M.J.Roberts, Signals and Systems Analysis using Transform method and MATLAB, TMH 2003.

4. Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems, John Wiley, 19995. K.Lindner, “Signals and Systems”, McGraw Hill International, 1999.6. Moman .H. Hays,” Digital Signal Processing “, Schaum’s outlines, Tata

McGraw-Hill Co Ltd., 2004.7. B. P. Lathi, “Signal Processing and Linear System”, Berkeley Cambridge Press,

1998.8. H. P. Hsu, “Schaum’s Outlines of The Theory and Problems of Signals and

Systems”, McGraw-Hill, 1995.9. S. Poornachandra, “Signal and Systems”, Thomson Learning, 2004. Reference

books1. Lathi B.P., Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems, Oxford

University Press2. Haykin S., Communication Systems, John Wiley3. Bracewell R.N., Fourier Transform & Its Applications, McGraw Hill4. Papoulis A., Fourier Integral & Its Applications, McGraw Hill

MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERSINTRODUCTIONBlock Diagram of a typical microprocessor based system pointing out the role of microprocessor and other peripheral blocks.MICROPROCESSORReview: Intel 8086/8088 Microprocessor: Architecture, Clock Generator, Resetting the microprocessor, Wait State Inserting, Bus Buffering, Interrupts, and Assembly Language Programming.ADDING MEMORYClassification, Memory Timing, Interfacing requirements, Interfacing Slow Memory, Interfacing Static RAM (6116 – 2K, 6264 – 8K), Interfacing EPROM (2764 – 8K, 27256 – 32K), Address decoding (using logic gates and decoders, using PAL), Designing Memory Modules (higher capacity say 512K) using memory chips (say 8K), Interfacing Memory Modules to the microprocessor, Interfacing Dynamic RAM, Non Volatile MemoriesADDING INPUT/ OUTPUT DEVICESDesigning an 8-bit input port, Designing an 8-bit output port, I/O space, Address decoding for Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/OReview: I/O Controllers – 8255A, 8250/1, 8279, 8253/4, 8259A, 8237A

Interfacing of Digital I/O Devices: Handshaking Logic, Programmed I/O, Interrupt driven I/O, Direct memory access, High PowerDevice Interfacing – Wave shaping, Driving and level shifting, IsolationExamples: Interfacing and assembly language monitor program for Key Board (one dimensional, two dimensional) through 8255Aand 8279, Centronics-type Parallel Printer through 8255A, Display (7-segment, dot-matrix, alphanumeric) through 8255A and 8279,Data Transfer between two microprocessor based systems through 8255As, Mechanical and solid state Relays, Stepper Motor etc.Analog Interfacing and Industrial Control: Review of Operational amplifier characteristics and circuits, Sensors and transducers (light sensors, temperature sensors, Force and pressure transducers, etc.), signal conditioning – multiplexing, linearization and scaling, 4-20 mA current loopExamples: Interfacing and assembly language monitor program for D/A Converter (MC1408 8-bit D/A, DAC 1208 12-bit D/A etc.), A/D Converter (ADC0808 8-bit ADC, ICL7109 12-bit ADC etc.)ADDING TOGETHERDesigning microprocessor based systems with monitor programs for single/ multipoint Temperature Monitoring, Data Logger, PID Controller, etc.EMBEDED CONTROLLERIntel 8051 embedded controller – Architecture and Assembly language programming, system design using 8051COMMUNICATING WITH OTHERSAsynchronous serial data communication, Serial Data transmission methods and standards, RS-232C Serial Data Standard (Rs-232Cto TTL interfacing, RS-232C signal definitions, Connection), ModemsCPUsBasic ideas of computer architecture-Design ideology of CPU and control unit-CPU Memory, Interaction-memory address mapping techniquesIntel 8086 processor- Architecture –– addressing modes – Instruction set – assembly Language programming – Interrupts Pin configuration of 8086 – Timing diagrams – Minimum and maximum mode –Interfacing – address decoding – Interfacing chips – Programmable peripheral interface (8255) Programmable timer (8253)- -serial communication interface(8253) – Memory management unit- descriptors, selectors description tables and TSS – real and protected mode- Memory paging features of the Pentium processor – Branch prediction logic - Superscalar architecture.-PCI busIntel 8051 microcontroller –architecture –ports ,timers, interrupts, serial data transmission instruction set –programming

Addressing Modes, Logical Operation, Arithmetic Operations, Subroutine, Interrupt handling, Timing subroutines, Serial data transmission, Serial data

communication, PIC microcontroller: Architecture, Internal registers and timer/Clock initialization, Interrupts. Introduction to AVR8515 microcontroller

Text Books1. Hall D V , Microprocessors & Interfacing , McGraw Hill2. Brey B B , The Intel Microprocessors, Architecture , Implementation &

Programming , McGraw Hill3. Liu Y C & Gibson G A ,Microcomputer System, The 8086/8088 Family,

Prentice Hall of India4. Kenneth J Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture ,Programming and

Applications ,International Thompson Publishing .Reference Books1. Intel Data Book Vol.1 , Embedded Microcontrollers and Processors2. Tribal W A & Singh A., The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors, McGraw Hill3. Mohemmed R , Microprocessors & Microcomputer Based System Design,

Universal BookstalReferences:1. Douglas V. Hall – Microprocessors & Interfacing, Tata McGraw-Hill2. Mohamed Rafiquzzaman – Microprocessors and Microcomputer based system

Design, PHI3. Muhammad Ali Mazidi – The 8051 Microcontroller and embedded systems,

Pearson Ed. Asia4. Ray & Bhurchandi, Advanced Microprocessors & Peripherals, TMH5. Predko, Programming & Customising 8051 Microcontroller, TMH6. John Uffenbeck – Microcomputers and Microprocessors, PHI/ Pearson

Education7. Chowdhury & Chowdhury, Microprocessor & Perpherals, Scitech8. Thyagarajan, Microprocessor & Microcontrollers, Scitech9. Michel Slater – Microprocessor Based Design, PHI10. Walter A. Tribel – The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors, PHI11. Barry B. Brey – The Intel Microprocessors, PHI/Pearson Ed. Asia12. Mathivanan, Microprocessors PC Hardware & Interfacing, PHI

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Analog & Digital Electronics

Module VI(11 hours)Linear opamp circuits - inverting and noninverting configurations - analysis for closed loop gain - input and output impedances - virtual short concept - current to voltage and voltage to current converters - instrumentation amplifier - nonlinear opamp circuits - log and antilog amplifiers - 4 quadrant multipliers and dividers - phase shift and wein bridge oscillators - comparators - astable and monostable circuits - linear sweep circuits

Module IV (10 hours)Butterworth approximation to ideal low pass filter characteristics – features of Chebychev and Bessel approximations - frequency transformations to obtain HPF, BPF and BEF from normalized prototype LPF – Realization of LPF & HPF using Sallen-Key configuration – BPF realization using the Delyannis configuration - BEF using twin T configuration - all pass filter (first & second orders) realizations - inductance simulation using Antoniou’s gyrator.Module IIIReview of the basics physics and characteristics of MOS transistors –I-V & C-V characteristics - Short channel and narrow channel effects in MOSFETs – subthrehold conduction - channel length modulation - drain induced barrier lowering - hot carrier effects - velocity saturation of charge carriers etc. Scaling in MOSFETs – constant voltage and constant field scaling - digital MOSFET model - series connection of MOSFETs – body effect. Scaling issues in interconnects. Latch up in CMOS and methods for preventing latch up.Module IVMOS inverters - resistive load - NMOS load - pseudo NMOS and CMOS inverters - calculation of input high and low and output high and low levels - power dissipation calculation of delay times for CMOS inverter - CMOS ring oscillator - design of super buffer - estimation of interconnect parasitics and calculation of interconnect delay. Static CMOS logic circuits - CMOS NOR, NAND, AOI and OAI gates - full adder - SR and JK latches - C²MOS latch - Pass transistors and Transmission gates - simple circuits using TG – basic principles of pass transistor logic - voltage boot strapping -Module VPseudo NMOS – Tri-state circuits – clocked CMOS – Dynamic CMOS circuits – solutions for charge sharing - DOMINO Logic- NORA – TSPC logic styles – Dual rail logic networks – Implementation of general VLSI system components such as decoders, encoders, Flip Flops and Registers. Method of Logical Effort for high speed CMOS design - BiCMOS logic circuits - BiCMOS inverter with resistive base pull down and active base pull down - BiCMOS switching transients - simple gates using BiCMOS – Advanced CMOS logic styles Module VICMOS clocking styles- clock generation and distribution - Arithmatic Ciruits in CMOS VLSI - high speed adders, subtractors and multipliers – CMOS Memory structures – SRAM and DRAM design –Sense amplifier design - Low power design techniques –MT CMOS – VTCMOS basic ideas of adiabatic logic. Floor planning and Routing – Input and Output circuits – special CMOS device structures such as SOI, DTMOS, Radiation Hard CMOS, Fin FETs, etc.ModuleV III Voltage regulators: Basic requirements, Regulator types (shunt, series and FB-regulators), Complete FB regulator.Text Books

1.John F. Wakerly: Digital Design Principles and Practices, Pearson Education2.Roth C H: Fundamentals of Logic Design, Jaico Pub3.Morris Mano: Digital Logic and Computer Design, PHI 44.Taub B & Schilling: Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw HillReference Books:1.Morris R KL: Design with TTL Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill2.Lewin D & Protheroe D: Design of Logic Systems, Chapman & Hall3.Karz R H: Contemporary Logic Design, Benjamin / Cummings PubText Book:1. Donald A. Neamen, Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition, MCGraw HillReference:1. Millman & Halkias : `Integrated Electronics’, MGH.2. A S Sedra & K C Smith : `Microelectronic Circuits’, Oxford University Press.3. Robert Boylestad & Louis Nashelsky : `Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory’,HI.4. William H Hayt Jr : `Electronic Circuit Analysis & Design’.5. Theodore F Bogart : `Electronic Devices & Circuits’.6. Mark N Horenstein : `Microelectronic Circuits & Devices’, PHI.7. D L Schilling & C Belove : `Electronic Circuits’

----------------------------------------------------------------------------ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY

Mod.1: Electrostatics: Coulomb’s law, electric field, flux and Gauss’s law, curl and divergence of electrostatic fields, electric potential, Poisson’s equation, Laplace’s equation, solutions to electrostatic boundary problems, method of images, work and energy in electrostatics, induced dipoles and polarization, field inside a dielectric, electric displacement, concepts of susceptibility, permittivity and dielectric constant, boundary conditions, capacitors, surface charge and induced charge on conductors.Mod.2: Magnetostatics: Lorentz force, Biot-Savart law, magnetic flux density,divergence and curl of flux density, Ampere’s law, magnetic vector potential, magnetization, torque and force on magnetic dipoles, boundary conditions, magnetic susceptibility and permeabilityMod.3: Electrodynamics: Electromagnetic induction, inductance, displacement current, Maxwell’s equations, boundary conditions, Poynting’s theorm, energy and momentum in electromagnetic field.Optical properties ( polarization vector, relative dielectric constant, refractive index calculation)

Reference :1. David J Griffiths: Introduction to Electrodynamics, Third edition, PHI.

2. Nannapaneni Narayana Rao: Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, Fourth edition, PHI.

3. David Cheng: "Field and Wave Electromagnetics", Second edition.4. Sadiku: Elements of Electromagnetics, Third Edition, Oxford University Press.5. J D Krauss: Electromagnetics, Fourth edition, MGH.6. J D Jackson: Classical Electrodynamics, Third Edition, John Wiley.

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Communication TheoryModule 1 (9 Hours)Random Process: Review of the theory of Continuous Random variables – Joint distribution and density functions – conditional distribution functions – Random process – Ensemble average –Stationarity, Wide sense stationarity – time averages –Ergodicity – Correlation theory for WSS random process – Power spectral density – Wiener-Khinchie Eiestein theorem – Response of LTI systems to random process – Guassian random process – Filtered Guassian random process – White Guassian NoiseModule 2 (8 Hours)Noise: Sources of noise – thermal noise, shot noise and flicker noise –Filtered White noise – Narrow band noise – Quadrature representation, envelope and phase representation – Signa to Noise ratio – Noise equivalent bandwidth – Effective Noise temperature – Noise calculations for cascaded stagesModule 3 (11 Hours)Amplitude Modulation: Spectrum of Amplitude Modulated signal – power relations – AM generation and detection – DSB-SC generation and detection – SSB-SC generation and detection – VSB modulation – AM transmitter and receiver – TRF and superheterodyne receivers – Noise analysis of AM receivers – ANR for envelope detection and coherent detection –SNR in DSB-SC and SSB-SC systemsModule 4 (11 Hours)Frequency Modulation: Angle modulation – Frequency modulation – Narrow band FM – Wideband FM – Transmission bandwidth – Generation of FM signals – Direct and Indirect methods – FM demodulators – Noise in FM reception – Threshold effect – Pre-emphasis and De-emphasisTextbooks recommended1. K. Sam Shanmugam, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, John

Wiley & Sons2. Yannic Viniotis, “Probability for Electrical Engineers”, Mc Graw Hill

International3. B.P. Lathi, “Modern Digital and Anaalog Commmunication Systems” 3rd Ed.

Oxford, University Press.

4. Tomasi: Electronic communication: Fundamentals through advanced, Pearson Education

5. Couch: Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Pearson Education6. Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons7. R.E. Ziemer and W.H. Tranter, “Principles of Communication”, JAICOP

Publishing House8. Dennis Roddy, John Coolen, “Electronic Communications”, PHI 1997,

References

Control System Engineering and DesignModule I (10 hours)General schematic diagram of control systems - open loop and closed loop systems – concept of feedback - modeling of continuous time systems - Laplace transform - properties - application in solution of differential equations - transfer function - block diagrams – signal flow graph - mason's gain formula - block diagram reduction using direct techniques and signal flow graphs - examples - derivation of transfer function of simple systems from physical relations - low pass RC filter - RLC series network - spring mass damper - low pass active filter - definitions of poles, zeros, order and typeModule II (10 hours)Analysis of continuous time systems - time domain solution of first order systems – time constant - time domain solution of second order systems - determination of response for standard inputs using transfer functions - steady state error - concept of stability - Routh- Hurwitz techniques - construction of bode diagrams - phase margin - gain margin - construction of root locus - polar plots and theory of nyquist criterion - theory of lag – lead and lag-lead compensatorsModule III (10 hours)Modeling of discrete - time systems - sampling - mathematical derivations for sampling - sample and hold - Z-transforms-properties - solution of difference equations using Z - transforms - examples of sampled data systems - mapping between s plane and z plane - cyclic and multi-rate sampling (definitions only) - analysis of discrete time systems – pulse transfer function - examples - stability - Jury's criterion - bilinear transformation – stability analysis after bilinear transformation - Routh-Hurwitz techniques - construction of bode diagrams - phase margin - gain margin - digital redesign of continuous time systems Module III (10 hours)Concept of feedback and Automatic Control, Electrical analogy of physical system. Transfer Function, Block diagram representation of Control Systems, Block Diagram Algebra, Signal Flow Graph, Mason’s gain formula Control system components : Error sensing devices, potentiometer, synchros, D.C. and A.C. tachometers, servomotors, modulators and demodulators. Transient analysis

of closed loop systems. Transient errors and their minimisation, steady state error and their minimisation, error coefficients, P, PI and P-I-D type controllers.Stability of Control Systems : R-H criteria, Nyquist criteria, Bode Plots. Polar Plots, Nichols chart, measures of relative stability. Construction of Root Loci for simple system, effects of the movement of poles and zeros. Improvement of system performance through compensation. Case studies on control voltage, current, frequency, position and speed. Control of liquid level, density, flow, temperature etc.Module IV (9 hours)State variable methods - introduction to the state variable concept - state space models - physical variable - phase variable and diagonal forms from time domain (up to third order only) - diagonalisation - solution of state equations - homogenous and non homogenous cases (up to second order only) - properties of state transition matrix - state space representation of discrete time systems - solution techniques - relation between transfer function and state space models for continuous and discrete cases-relation between poles and Eigen valuesModule IV (9 hours)BASIC OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEMSFormulation of optimal control problem: Minimum time, minimum energy, minimum fuel problem, state regulator, output regulator & tracking problems.Calculus of variations: Constrained fixed point and variable point problems, Euler Lagrange equations.Problems with equality and inequality constraints. Engineering application, Lagrange, Mayer & Bolza problems, pontryagins Maximum (minimum) principle.Multiple decision process in discrete and continuous time - The dynamic programming.Numerical solution of two point boundary value problems - the steepest descent method and the Fletcher - Powell Method.Books:1. Athems M & Falb P. L.: Optimal Control; McGraw Hill2. Tau J.: Modern Control Theory; McGraw Hill3. Goodwin, Control System Design, Pearson Education/PHI4. Anderson & Moore, Optimal Control, PHI5. Glad, Control Theory, Vikas6. Hestenas M C: Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control. Theory; Wiley.7. Boltyanskii V G; Gamkrelidge R V; Pontryagin L S; On the theory of Optimal process8. Bellman R E and Kolaba R E: Dynamic Programming and Modern Control Theory; Academic Press.Reference books1. Ziemer R.E., Tranter W.H. & Fannin D.R., "Signals and Systems", Pearson

Education, Asia2. Ogata K., "Modern Control Engineering", Prentice Hall India

3. Dorf R.C. & Bishop R.H., "Modern Control Systems", Addison Wesley4. Kuo B.C., "Digital Control Systems", Oxford University Press5. Ogata K., “Discrete Time Control Systems", Pearson Education Asia6. Nagarath I.J. & Gopal M., “Control System Engineering”, Wiley Eastern Ltd.7. Kuo B.C. Automatic Control System, PHI8. Das Gupta S : Control System Theory ; Khanna Pub.9. Ogata K : Modern Control Engg. PHI10. Dorf R C & Bishop R.H.: Modern Control System ; Addison – Wisley11. Bolton: Industrial Control & Instrumentation, Orient Longman12. Nakra: Theory & Applications of Automatic Control, New Age International13. Gopal: Modern Control System Theory, New Age International14. Gopal: Digital Control Engineering, New Age International15. Sinha: Control Systems, New Age International

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (DSP)

Module I: Discrete Fourier transform (10 hours)Discrete Fourier series - properties of DFS - periodic convolution - DFT - properties – linear convolution using DFT - computation of DFT - circular convolution - decimation in time and decimation in frequency algorithms - FFT algorithm for a composite numberModule II : IIR and FIR Filter structures (8 hours)Signal flow graph representation - basic filter structures - structures for linear phase – finite word - length effects in digital filters - quantizer characteristics - saturation overflow - quantisation in implementing systems - zero Input limit cyclesModule III: Digital filter design (12 hours)Design of IIR digital filters from analog filters - Butterworth and Chebyshev filters – design examples -impulse invariant and bilinear transformation methods - spectral transformation of IIR filters - FIR filter design - linear phase characteristics - window methodModule IV: General and special purpose hardware for DSP (9 hours)Computer architecture for signal processing - hardware architecture - pipelining – hardware multiplier - accumulator - special instructions - general purpose digital signal processors - texas instruments - TMS 320 family - motorola DSP 56000 family - analog devices ADSP 2100 family - implementation of DSP algorithm on general purpose digital signal processorsReference books1. Oppenheim A.V., Schafer R.W. & Buck J.R., Discrete - Time Signal

Processing, Prentice Hall Signal Processing Series, Pearson Education2. Mitra S.K., Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach, Tata

McGraw Hill

3. Proakis T.G. & Manolakkis D.G., Digital Signal Processing - Principles, Algorithms and Applications, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

4. Ludeman L.C., Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing, Harper & Row Publishers

5. Terrel T.J. & Shark L.K., Digital Signal Processing, Macmillan6. Ifeacher E.C. & Jervis B.W., Digital Signal Processing, A Practical Approach,

Addison Wesley7. Phi Lapseley, Jeff Bier, Amit Shohan & Lee E.A., “DSP Processor

Fundamentals- Architectures and Features”, IEEE Press-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Fundamentals of the modern measurement science and uncertainty theory. Basic principles of the electrical instruments and their correct management. Measurement methods of the main electrical quantities. Modem measurement systems based on programmable instrumentation and PC-based data acquisition.Module I: (10 hours)Measurement – basic concept and block diagrams of instrumentation schemes. Static & dynamic characteristics –accuracy, precision, fidelity, speed of response, dynamic calibrations. Errors in measurement-classification of errors e.g. equipment error, interference error etc. Data quality. Statistical analysis –mean mode, median, measures of dispersions. Probable error-distribution functions and tables. Confidence level, significance test.Introduction to reliability. Units and standards of physical quantities –documentation standards. Introduction to OPAMPS and detail circuits.Instrumentation amplifiers: different configurations. Instrumentation Opamps. Function Generators, pulse generators, noise generators, frequency synthesisers. Log and antilog amplifiers. Precision rectifiers. Peak detectors. Sample and hold circuits. ADC and DAC's. Digital Voltmeters (DVM). Multimeters, counters A.C. millivoltmeters. Wave and spectrum analysers. Q-meters.Measurement of high frequencies RF and VHFBasic concepts of measurements & instruments – static characteristics of instruments – accuracy & precision – sensitivity – reproducibility – errors – Module III: (10 hours)Transducers-classification. Resistance types ; potentiometers, strain gauge etc. and their applications. Inductance type LVDT, variable reluctance transducers-principle and applications. Capacitance type; dielectric, capacitance bridge & microphones.Transducers for velocity, acceleration, force and torque. Vibration and piezo-electric transducers. Noise introduced by transducers and their reduction.IR and UV detectors, ionisation chambers. Radiation pyrometers. Ultrasonic devices, magnetostrictive devices. Photo-detectors, photo-multipliers. LDR, LED's

Transducers –selection criteria – principles of piezoelectric, photoelectric, thermoelectric transducers– resistance temperature transducers (RTD) - thermistors– strain gauge – load cells - LVDTModule II: (9 hours)Electronic instruments for measurement – Digital voltmeter - principles of electronic multimeters- - digital multimeters -– Q meter – Power meter – Electronic LCR meter - Frequency & time interval countersModule III: (10 hours)Electronic instruments for signal generation & analysis – Function generators – Pulse generators – Frequency synthesiser – Principles & applications of Digital storage Oscilloscope – Logical analyser - Spectrum analysers – Distortion analysersModule III: (10 hours)Microcomputer based instrumentation system – general features – Input / Output interfacing – simple, polled & interrupt I/O – interfacing of resistive transducers, light emitting displays, hex keyboard, 8 bit ADC chip, 8 bit DAC chip – signal conditioning – data acquisition systems - interfacing bus standards – features of IEEE 488 bus (GPIB) – case study of a microcomputer based instrumentation system (temperature controller)

Text Books1. Cooper W. - Electronic Instrumentation & Measurement Technique – Prentice

Hall of India.2. Douglas V. Hall - Microprocessors & Digital Systems (2nd Edition) – McGraw

Hill3. N. Kularatna - Modern Electronic Test & Measuring Instruments – Institution of

Electrical Engineers, London4. Jain—Digital Electronics, 2/e,TMH5.Kalsi—Electronic Instrumentation , TMH6.Malvino & Leach – Digital Principles & Application , 5/e,TMH7.Helric A.D & Cooper W.D—Modern Electronic Instrumentation & Measuring

Instruments, Wheeler Pub.8.Dhir S.M—Applied Electronics & Instrumentation, TMH9. Doeblin E.O. - Measurement System : Application & Design , MGH Tokyo10. Bentley J.P.- Principle of Measurement System, Longman Scientific &

Technical, Singapur, 3rd Edn. 1995.11. Patranabis D -Sensors & Transducers , Wheeler, 1996.12. Neubert HKP -Instrument Transducers – An introduction to their performance

& design , Clarendon Press, 2nd End., 1975.13. Murthy DVS – Transducers & Instrumentation, PHI, ND, 1995.14. Jone B.E.- Instrumentation, Measurement and Feedback ,TMH, 1983.15. Dhiv S M- Applied Electronics & Instrumentation ,Reference:

1. Taub & Schilling – Digital Integrated Electronics,TMH2. Givone—Digital Principles & Design,TMH3. Shawney A.K—Acourse in Electrical & Electronic Measurements, Dhanpat Rai

& Sons.4. Bowens – Digital Instrumentation , TMH5. Jones—Instrumentation , Measurement & Feedback, TMH6. Oliver B.M. & Cage – Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation - Tata

McGraw Hill7. A.K. Ghosh - Introduction to Instrumentation & Control – Eastern Economy

Edition8. George C. Barney - Intelligent Instrumentation – Prentice Hall India9. Sonde B.S. – Transducers & Display Systems - Tata McGraw Hill

Electromagnetic Wave Radiation & Propagation

Mod.1: Uniform Plane Waves: Time varying fields and Maxwell’s equations, plane wave propagation in free space media, plane wave propagation in lossy dielectric media, wave polarization, reflection and transmission of plane waves, parallel and perpendicular polarization oblique plane waves.Mod.2: Transmission Lines: Lossy transmission lines equations, reflection coefficients and smith chart. bifilar, coaxial and micro-strip lines, signal propagation along dispersive lines in matching and in mismatching condition.Mod.3: Waveguides: Rectangular waveguide and rectangular cavity resonator, circular waveguide and circular cavity resonator.Reference:1. R. Collin: Foundations for Microwave Engineering3. David J Griffiths: Introduction to Electrodynamics, Third edition, PHI4. Jordan and Balmain: Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems, PHI

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DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONSModule I (9 hrs.)Analog Pulse Modulation: Sampling theorem for band-pass signals, Pulse Amplitude modulation: generation and demodulation, PAM/TDM system, PPM generation and demodulation, PWM, Spectra of Pulse modulated signals, SNR calculations for pulse modulation systems. Waveform coding: quantization, PCM, DPCM, Delta modulation, Adaptive delta modulation- Design of typical systems and performance analysis.Module II ( 8 hrs.)

Pulse Shaping, Nyquist criterion for zero ISI, Signalling with duobinary pulses, Eye diagram, Equalizer, Scrambling and descrambling. Signal space concepts: geometric structure of the signal space, L2 space, distance, norm and inner product, orthogonality,- Base band pulse data transmission: Matched filter receiver, Inter symbol interference, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure.Module III (10 hrs)Review of Gaussian random process, Optimum threshold detection, Optimum Receiver for AWGN channel, Matched filter and Correlation receivers, Decision Procedure: Maximum aposteriori probability detector- Maximum likelihood Detector, Probability of error, Bit error rate.Module 4 (12 hrs.)Digital modulation schemes:Coherent Binary Schemes : ASK, FSK, PSK, MSK. Coherent M-ary Schemes, calculation of average probability of error for different modulation schemes, Power spectra of digitally modulated signals, Performance comparison of different digital modulation schemes.Text books:1. Communication Systems, 3rd ed., Simon Haykin, John Wiley & Sons.2. Modern Digital and Analog Communication, 3rd Ed., B.P. Lathi, Oxford

University Press.3. Sklar: Digital Communication, 2E, Pearson Education.References:1. Digital and Analog Communication Systems, K.Sam Shanmugham, John Wiley

&Sons2. Principles of Communications, R.E. Ziemer and W.H. Tranter, JAICO Publishing

House.3. Principles of Communication Systems, H.Taub and Schilling, TMH4. Digital Communications, John G.Proakis, McGraw Hill.5. Fundamental Concepts in Communication, Pierre Lafrance, Prentice Hall India.6. Couch: Analog and Digital Communication.

Fundamentals of Environmental EngineeringModule 1 : Introduction Definition, score and importance, measuring and defining environmental development : indicators Module 2 : Ecosystems Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and functions of Ecosystems, forest, grassland, desert, aquatic (lakes, rivers, and estuaries) Module 3 : Environment and Natural Resources Management Land resources : land as a resource, common property resources, land degradation, solerosion and desertification, effects of modern agriculture,

fertilizer-pesticide problems, Forest resources : use and over-exploitation, mining and dams – their effects on forest and tribal people, Water resources : use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, droughts, water logging and salinity, dams – benefits and costs, conflicts over water, Energy resources : Energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources, impact of energy use on environment Module 4 : Bio-diversity and its Conservation Value of bio-diversity – consumptive and productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values, bio-geographical classification of India – India as a mega diversity habitat, Threats to biodiversity – Hot-sports, habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, loss of species, seeds etc., Conservation of bio-diversity – in-situ and ex-situ conservation. Module 5 : Environmental Pollution – Local and Global Issues Causes, effects and control measures of : air pollution, indoor air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, marine pollution, noise pollution, solid waste management, composting, vermiculture, urban and industrial wastes, recycling and re-use, Nature of thermal pollution and nuclear hazards, Global Warming, Acid Rain, Ozone depletion Module 6 : Environmental Problems in India Drinking water, sanitation and public health, Effects of activities on the quality of environment : urbanization, transportation, industrialization, green revolution, Water scarcity and ground water depletion, Controversies on major dams – resettlement and rehabilitation of people problems and concerns, Rain water harvesting, cloud seeding and watershed management Module 7 : Economy and Environment The economy and environment interaction, Economics of development, preservation and conservation, sustainability : theory and practice, Limits to growth, Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles, Environmental impact assessment Module 8 : Social Issues and the Environment Population growth and environment, environmental education, Environmental movements, Environment Vs development Module 9 : Institutions and Governance Regulation by Government, Monitoring and enforcement of environmental regulation, environmental acts : water (Prevention and control of pollution) act, air (prevention and control of pollution) act, Envt. Protection act, wild life protection act, forest conservation act, coastal zone regulations, Institutions and policies relating to India, Environmental Governance. Module 10 : International Conventions

Stockholm conference 1972, Earth summit 1992, World commission for environmental development (WCED). Module 11 : Case Studies Chipko movement, Narmada Bachao andolan, Silent valley project, Madhura Refinery and Taj Mahal, Industrialization of Pattancheru, Nuclear reactor at Nagarjuna Sagar, Tehri Dam, Ralegaon Siddhi (Anna Hazare), Kolleru lake – aquaculture, Florosis in Andhra Pradesh. Module 12 : Field Work Visit to a local area to document and mapping environmental assets – river/forest/grass land/hill/mountain, Study of local environment – common plants, insects, birds, Study of simple ecosystems – pond, river, hill, slopes etc., Visits to industries, water treatment plants, affluent treatment plants. Textbook : Kaushik – Kaushik, Anubha Reference : Deswal & Deswal, Raja Gopal, Dharmaraj Publishers,

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ANTENNA ENGINEERINGMod.1: RADIATION: Radiation from an oscillation dipole in free space, Radiated power from a current element, radiation resistance, short antennas, radiation from a quarter wave monopole and half wave dipole.Mod.2: ANTENNA PARAMETERS: Basic ideas of reciprocity properties of antennas, Radiation patterns, directional properties of dipole antennas. Antenna gain, Antenna aperture and its relation to gain, antenna terminal impedance, self and mutual impedance. Elementary ideas about self and mutual impedance, front to back ratio, antenna beam width and bandwidth, antenna efficiency, antenna beam area ,polarization, Antenna temperature and signal to noise ratio. effects of antenna height and effect of ground on performance of antenna.Mod.3: PRACTICAL ANTENNAS: Types of antennas, travelling wave antenna , Rhombic antennas, loop antenna, helical antenna, Yagi – Uda antenna, parabolic antenna, Cassegrain antenna. Aperture antennas, Radiation from microstrip antennasMod.4: ANTENNA ARRAYS: Various forms of arrays, Arrays of two point sources, linear arrays of n-point sources, pattern multiplication Arrays of equal amplitude and spacing (Broadside and end fire arrays), array factor, directivity and beam width, Binomial array.

Mod.5: Design of linear array antennas: Dolph - Tchebycheff design, binomial design, Fourier transform based design, Introduction to smart antenna systemReference:1. J. D. Kraus, "Antennas, "McGraw Hill.2. Antennas Theory and Design, C.A. Balanis, Raw & Harper.1. F.C. Jordan & B.C.Balmann, "Electromagnetic waves & radiating System", P.H.I.2. Antennas and Radio wave propagation, Collins, R.E., McGraw Hill.

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DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN

1. Introduction to Digital Design Concepts Review of digital design fundamentals, minimization and design of combinational circuits, sequential machine fundamentals.2. Traditional Approaches to Sequential Analysis and Design State diagram, analysis of synchronous ckts, design of synchronous sequential state machine, design and applications of counters and shift registers.3. Multipin Put System Controller Design System controller, controller design principles, timing and frequency considerations, DFD development, controller architecture design, asynochorous in put handling, state assignment concepts date / flip / flop level implementation using VEM's4. System Controller Using Comproational MST/LST CKTS : Using MSI decoder, multiplexer in system controllers, applications of ROM, PROM, PLAA, FPLA in system controller design.5. Programmable System Controller Concepts and basic features of programmable system controller microinstructions, programmable controller with fixed instructions set with subroutine capability, application of 8 x 02, 74S 422 and MC2900 in system control design.6. Asynchronous Finite State Machines Asynchronous analysis, design of asynchronous machine, cycles and races, hazards excitation map MEV method.7. VHDL Basic Language elements : data objects, classes and data types, operators, overloading, logical operators, VHDL representation of Digital design entity, entity and architectural declarations, introduction to behavioral, dataflow and structural models.8. Introduction to HDL based Digital Design: – Basic VHDL terminology – basic language elements – Data objects and types – Behavioural modelling – Process constructs – Complex signal assignments – Dataflow modelling – delay models – Structural modelling – resolving signal values

9. Advanced VHDL features: Generics and Configurations – Subprograms and Overloading – Packages and Libraries – Advanced features – simulation semantics – modelling examples – state machine modelling using VHDL- review of FPGA architectures and design using FPGA10. Digital System Testing: Fault models – fault equivalence – fault location fault dominance – single and multiple stuck faults – Testing for single stuck faults – Algorithms – random test generation – Testing for bridging faults11. Design for Testability: Ad-hoc design for testability techniques – Classical scan designs – Boundary scan standards – Built-in-self-test – Test pattern generation – BIST architecture examplesIntroduction to an embedded systems designIntroduction to Embedded system, Role of processor selection in Embedded System (Microprocessor V/s Micro-controller), Embedded System Project Management, Design cycle in the development phase for an embedded system, Use of target system or its emulator and In-circuit emulator, Use of software tools for development of an ES.RTOS & its overviewReal Time Operating System: Task and Task States, tasks and data, Message queues-TimerFunction-Events-Memory Management, Interrupt Routines in an RTOS environment, basic design Using RTOS.Microcontroller8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, basic assembly language programming concepts,Instruction set, Addressing Modes, Logical Operation, Arithmetic Operations, Subroutine, Interrupt handling, Timing subroutines, Serial data transmission, Serial data communication, PIC microcontroller: Architecture, Internal registers and timer/Clock initialization,Interrupus. Introduction to AVR8515 microcontroller.Embedded system developmentInterfacing of external Memory. Interfacing Analog and digital blocks, interfacing of Different peripheral devices such as LED, LCD, Graphical LCD, Switches, Relay, stepper motors, ADC, DAC and various sensors. Introduction to-assembler, compiler, cross compilers and Integrated Development Environment (IDE).Networks for Embedded SystemsThe I2C Bus, The CAN bus, SHARC link Ports, Ethernet, Introduction to Bluetooth:Specification, Core Protocol IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Testability: Boundary Scan ArchitectureTextbooks Recommended1. J. Bhasker; A VHDL Primer, Addison-Wesley, Third Edition

2. J. Bhasker; A VHDL Synthesis Primer, B.S. Publications 20013. Miron Abramovici et. al. Digital System Testing and Testable Design, JaicoPublishing House, 20014. Parag K. Lala, Digital Circuit Testing and Testability, Academic Press 19975. John F. Wakerly; Digital Design: Principles and Practices, PHI Inc. 20016. Charles H. Roth Jr; Digital System Design Using VHDL, PWS Pub. Co., 19987. The Art of Programming Embedded Systems, Jack G. Ganssle, Academic press.8. Intelligent Embedded Systems, Louis L. Odette, Addison-Wesley, 19919. J. Staunstrup and W. Wolf, editors, Hardware/Software Co-Design: Principles

and Practice,Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.References10. Rajkamal, “Microcontrollers: Architecture, Programming, Interfacing and

System Design”, Pearson Education.11. The 8051 Microcontroller by K.J. Ayala, Penram International12. J B Peatman, Design with PIC Microcontrollers, Prentice Hall13. Programming and Customizing the AVR Microcontroller by Dhananjay Gadre,

MGH14. J B Peatman, Design with PIC Microcontrollers, Prentice Hall BOOKS:15. An Engg. approach to Digital Design By W. I. Fletcher, PHI16. VHDL-analysis and modeling of digital systems - Navabi Z. (McGraw Hill)

17. VHDL Primer, by Bhaskar (Prentice Hall)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Telecommunications & Network Planning

Module I (14 hours)Introducing basic telephony systems, and its evolution towards modern telephone-networking technologies. Topics are divided into two basic parts: I, and II.Part I-Telephone Engineering BasicsTelephone network architecture (ITU/CCITT), basic concepts of transmission, switching, Electronic switching systems: basics of a switching system - electronic space division switching - stored program control - time division switching - time multiplexed space switching - time multiplexed time switching - two stage, three stage and N-stage combination switchingModule II (14 hours)Digital circuit switching networks: two-stage network - three-stage network - n-stage

network - non-blocking switches - blocking probability analysis of multistage switches – lee approximation - improved approximate analysis of blocking switch - examples of digital switching systems - AT & T 5ESS and NTI - DMS 100 switching systemsModule IV (12 hours)Signaling: customer line signaling - outband signaling - inband signaling - PCM signaling - inter register signaling - common channel signaling principles - CCITT signaling system No: 7 - digital customer line signalingCharging, and network management systems. Part II-Telephone Network PlanningReview of basic telephone network planning procedures. Topics include: Elements of traffic engineering: network traffic load and parameters - grade of service and blocking probability - incoming traffic and service time characterization - blocking models and loss estimates - delay systems, telephone network architecture, telephone-demand, and traffic forecasting, elementary economics for network planning, and transmission, numbering, routing, signaling plans. The course, also, introduces basic concept of Wireless Local Loop (WLL) systems, and their planning procedures.Text books1. Viswanathan T., Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks, Prentice

Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.2. Schwartz M., Telecommunication Networks - Protocols, Modeling and Analysis,

Addison Wesley Publishing CompanyReference books1. Flood J.E., Telecommunications Switching Traffic and Networks, Pearson

Education Pvt. Ltd.2. Freeman R.L., Telecommunication System Engineering, Wiley Inter Science

Publications3. Das J., Review of Digital Communication, New Age Internal (P) Ltd., Publishers

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Optoelectronics

-Optoelectronics: What? Why? and How ? -Optical fundamentals-Gaussian beams, Interference and Coherence-Light Matter Interactions-Einstein Coefficients & Black body radiation ––Population inversion, Optical gain, and Lineshape function. -Optical amplifiers -Semiconductor amplifiers -EDFA

-Theory of lasers Oscillator-Fabry-Perot resonator –3 and 4 level systems and Gain saturation -Pumping mechanisms -Semiconductor Lasers -P-N junction and heterojunction–Static characteristics –Dynamic characteristics –Advanced structures -Optoelecttronic circuits : LD driver circuitry. -Light Emitting Diodes LED’s.-Photodetectors and Solar cells-Quantum efficiency –PIN diodes –Avalanche photodiode –Noise in photodetectors.- LCD and displays Reference :1- Keigo Iizuka, “Elements of Photonics, Volume II: For Fiber and Integrated

Optics”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 20022- C. R. Pollock, “Fundamentals of Optoelectronics”, Richard D. Irwin Inc., 19953- Joseph T. Verdeyen., "Laser Electronics", Prentice-Hall Inc., 19934- R.P. Khare, « Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics », Oxford University Press,

2004.5- J. Gowar; "Optical communication systems", Prentice-Hall Inc., 1992.6- G. P. Agrawal, “Fiber optic communication systems”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

2002.

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Optical CommunicationsModule I : Optical fiber fundamentals (12 hours)Fiber modal analysis: Solution to Maxwell’s equation in a circularly symmetric step index optical fiber, linearly polarized modes, single mode and multimode fibers, concept of V number, graded index fibers, total number of guided modes (no derivation), polarization maintaining fibers, attenuation mechanisms in fibers, dispersion in single mode and multimode fibers, modal dispersion, material dispersion, waveguide dispersion dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers, attenuation and dispersion limits in fibers, Kerr nonlinearity, self phase modulation, combined effect of dispersion and self phase modulation, nonlinear Schrodinger equation (no derivation), fundamental soliton solutionModule II: Optical componentsDirectional couplers, splitters and junctions, optical switches, optical interferometers, optical filters, ring resonators, multiplexer, demultiplexer, polariazation splitter, polarization converter, polarization controller,

Module III : System performance Source-Fiber coupling, connector loss, splice loss, transmitter design circuitry, noise in receivers, typical receiver configurations (high impedance and transimpedance receivers), digital receiver performance, Bit-error rate calculation , analog receiver performance, signal to noise ratio, line coding, power budget, risetime budget, optical network, network topology, WDM network, ftth PON.Module II : Optical sources (8 hours)LED and laser diode, principles of operation, concepts of line width, phase noise, switching and modulation characteristics – typical LED and LD structures.Module III : Optical detectors (8 hours)-Pn detector, pin detector, avalanche photodiode – Principles of operation, concepts of responsivity, sensitivity and quantum efficiency, noise in detection, typical receiver configurations (high impedance and transimpedance receivers).Module IV : Optical amplifiers (11 hours)–Semiconductor amplifier, rare earth doped fiber amplifier (with special reference to erbium doped fibers), Raman amplifier, Brillouin amplifier – principles of operation, amplifier noise, signal to noise ratio, gain, gain bandwidth, gain and noise dependencies, intermodulation effects, saturation induced crosstalk, wavelength range of operation.Reference:1. Leonid Kazovsky, Sergio Benedetto and Alan Willner: `Optical Fiber

Communication, Systems’, Artech House.2. John Senior: `Optical Fiber Communications’, PHI.3. Silvello Betti, Giancarlo De Marchis and Eugenio Iannone: `Coherent Optical

Communications Systems’, John Wiley.4. G.P.Agrawal: `Nonlinear Fiber Optics’, Academic Press..5. G. Keiser, “Optical fiber communications”, McGraw- Hill Inc., 3rd edition 2000.6. John Senior: `Optical Fiber Communications’, PHI.7. Keigo Iizuka, “Elements of Photonics, Volume II: For Fiber and Integrated

Optics”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 20028. G. P. Agrawal, “Fiber optic communication systems”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

2002. 9. R.P. Khare, « Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics », Oxford University Press, 2004.10. J. Gowar; "Optical communication systems", Prentice-Hall Inc., 1992.

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Cellular & Satellite Communications

Module I MOBILE COMMUNICATION1. Introduction to Cellular Mobile Systems:A basic cellular system, performance criteria, uniqueness of mobile radio environment, operation of cellular systems, planning a cellular system, analog & digital cellular systems.2.Elements of Cellular Radio Systems Design:General description of the problem, concept of frequency reuse channels, co-channel interferencereduction factor, desired C/I from a normal case in an omni directional antenna system, cell splitting, consideration of the components of cellular systems.3. Interference:Introduction to co-channel interference, real time co-channel interference co-channel measurement design of antenna system, antenna parameter and their effects, diversity receiver in co-channel interference – different types.4. Cell Coverage for Signal & Traffic:General introduction, obtaining the mobile point to point mode, Radio propagation characteristics:models for path loss, shadowing and multipath fading, propagation over water or flat open area,foliage loss, propagation near in distance, long distance propagation, point to point prediction model characteristics, cell site, antenna heights and signal coverage cells, mobile to mobile propagation.5. Cell Site Antennas and Mobile Antennas:Characteristics of antennas, antenna at cell site, mobile antennas6. Frequency Management, Channel Assignment and hand off:Frequency management, fixed channel assignment, non-fixed channel assignment, traffic & channel assignment, Why hand off, types of handoff and their characteristics, handoff analysis, dropped call rates & their evaluation.7. Multiple access techniques used in mobile wireless communications:FDMA/TDMA, CDMA. FDM/TDM Cellular systems, Cellular CDMA, soft capacity, Earlang capacity comparison of FDM/TDM systems and Cellular CDMA.8.Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) system overview: GSM Architecture, Mobility management, Network signaling ,Frequency allocation and control, Base System and Master System, GSM, DCS 1800, Various value added services.

Module IIMobile radio propagation - free space propagation model - ground reflection model – large scale path loss - small scale fading and multipath propagation -

impulse response model of a multipath channel - parameters of a mobile multipath channel - multipath delay spread - doppler spread - coherence band width - coherence time - time dispersion and frequency selective fading - frequency dispersion and time selective fading - concepts of level crossing rate and average fade durationModule IIIDigital communication through fading multipath channels - frequency non selective, slowly fading channels - frequency selective, slowly fading channels- calculation of error probabilities - tapped delay line model - the RAKE demodulator performance – diversity techniques for mobile wireless radio systems concept of diversity branch and signal paths - combining methods - selective diversity combining - pre-detection and post detection combining - switched combining - maximal ratio combining- equal gain combiningModule IVCellular concept - frequency reuse - cochannel interference - adjacent channel interference - power control for reducing interference - improving capacity in cellular systems – cell splitting - sectoring - hand off strategies - channel assignment strategies - call blocking in cellular networksModule V Fundamental concepts of spread spectrum systems - pseudo noise sequence - performance of direct sequence spread spectrum systems - analysis of direct sequence spread spectrum systems - the processing gain and anti jamming margin - frequency hopped spread spectrum systems - time hopped spread spectrum systems - synchronization of spread spectrum systems Module IIV (10 hours)SatelliteModule 1: Satellite orbits (9 hours)Orbital parameters, satellite trajectory, period, geostationary satellites, non-geostationary constellations. Communication satellites – Space craft subsystems, payload – repeater, antenna, attitude and control systems, telemetry, tracking and command, power sub system and thermal control.Module 2: Earth stations Antenna and feed systems, satellite tracking system, amplifiers, fixed and mobile satellite, service earth stations. Terrestrial: line of sight transmission, relay towers and distance considerationsSatellite Frequency Bands, Satellite Systems, Multiple Access, Frequency Rouse by orthogonal Polarizations, Advent of Digital Satellite Communications, Satellite Description, Earth Station. types of Demand Assignments, Massage Transmission by FDMA, Massage Transmission by TDMA, Satellite Packet Switching. Module 3: SATELLITE TRANSPONDER AND LINK:

Transponder Model , Satellite signal Processing, RF-RF Translation, IF Demodulation, Interference Analysis, Rain Induced Attenuation, Rain Induced Cross-Polarization Interference, System Availability, Satellite Link Design. Frequency bands used, antenna parameters, transmission equations, noise considerations, link design, propagation characteristics of fixed and mobile satellite links, channel modelling, very small aperture terminals (VSAT), VSAT design issues.Module 4: CARRIER RECOVERY:Carrier Recovery for MPSK, PLL, Carrier Recovery with narrowband band pass filter and AFC loop, symbol Timing Recovery Circuit.Module 5: Multiple access techniques (11 hours)Frequency division multiple access, time division multiple access, code division multiple access.Text Books:1. Wireless Communication; Principles and Practice; T.S.Rappaport2. Mobile Commu8nication3. Principles of Mobile Communication, G.LStuber Kluwer Academic, 1996Reference Book1. Wireless and Digital Communications; Dr. Kamilo Feher (PHI)2. Mobile Communication Hand Book; 2nd Ed.; IEEE Press3. Mobile Communication Engineering – Theory & Applications;Reference:1. M Richharia: ‘Satellite Communication Systems’.(Second Ed.),Macmillan Press

Ltd.2. Robert M Gagliardi: ‘Satellite Communication’, Van Nostrand Reinhold3. Tri T Ha: ‘Digital Satellite Communication’, MGH4. Miller, Vucetic and Berry: ‘Satellite Communication Techniques’, Kluwer5. Ferdo Ivanek (Editor): ‘Terrestrial Digital Microwave Communications’, Artech

House6. George M. Kizer: ‘Microwave Communication’, IEEE Press7. E. Hund: ‘Microwave Communications’, IEEE Press8. P.V. Sreekant : Digital Microwave Communication Systems, Universities Press.BOOKS RECOMMENDED1. Digital Satellite Communications (Second Edition) Tri, T.Ha. 1990.2. Introduction to Radar Systems, by Merill. I Skolnik. Text books1. Kamilo Feher, ‘Wireless Digital Communications’, PHI2. Rapport T.S., ‘Wireless Communications, Principles and Practice’, Prentice Hall3. Lee W.C.Y., ‘Mobile Cellular Telecommunication’, MGH4. Proakis J.G., ‘Digital Communications’, MGH5. Introduction to Radar Systems, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd.

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Data Communications & Computer NetworksModule 11.Introduction to data communicationGoals and Applications of Networks, LAN, WAN, MAN, Wireless network, Protocol hierarchies, design issues of layers, Interfaces and services. Reference Model: The OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference model, The Internet.2.Physical LayerMaximum data rate of a channel, Transmission media, Wireless transmission, Circuit switching, Packet switching, network topology.3.Data Link LayerData link layer design issues, services provided to network layers, Framing, Error control, Flow control, Error detection and correction, Elementary data link protocols, An unrestricted Simplex protocol, A Simplex Stop-and-Wait protocol, Simplex Protocol for a noisy channel, Sliding Window protocols, A protocol using go-back-N, A protocol using selective repeat, Example data link protocol- HDLC, PPP and SLIP.4.Medium Access SublayerChannel Allocations, Static and dynamic allocation in LAN, Multiple Access protocols, ALOHA, Carrier Sense multiple access protocols, Wireless protocols, Collision free protocols, Limited contention protocols, IEEE standard 802.3 and Ethernet, IEEE standard 802.4, Token bus IEEE standard 802.5, Token Ring, Distributed Queue Dual bus, Logical link control, bridges, High speed LAN.5.Network LayerNetwork Layer design issue, Routing algorithms, Congestion Control Algorithms, Internetworking. Network layer and services- Shortest path length determination- Internet routing principles- Distance vector routing- Link state protocol- OSPF- - Router basics- Internet Protocol- IPV4 & IPV6-6.Transport LayerTransport services, Design issues, elements of transport protocols, simple transport protocols, Connection management, TCP, UDP. Transport Layer and services- Connectionless Transport- UDP-Services offered by UDP- Connection oriented Transport- TCP- addressing and multiplexing in TCP- TCP flow and congestion control.7.Session, Presentation and Application LayerSession Layer - Design issues, remote procedure call.Presentation Layer - Design issues, Data compression techniques, cryptography.Application Layer - File Transfer, Access and Management, Electronic mail, Virtual Terminals.

8.ISDN Narrowband ISDN, Broadband ISDN and ATM, Virtual circuitsModule 2Broadband services and ATM- Main features of ATM Networks- Statistical multiplexing- ATM reference model- Admission and Access control in Broadband networks-Analysis of Leaky Bucket Scheme- Broad band switches for ATMModule III Multimedia traffic over internet- Quality of Service requirements- Real Time Protocol- Real Time Control Protocol- Integrated services- Queuing Disciplines- Weighted Fair Queuing- Random Early Detection- Differentiated Services- Protocols for QOS support- Resource reservation-RSVP- Multi protocol Label switching- Real Time transport protocol .References:1. Leon Garcia:“Communication networks, principles and architecture”, TMH2. Kesav: “An engineering approach to Computer network design”3. James. F. Kurose and Keith.W. Ross, “Computer Networks, A top-down

approach featuring the Internet”, Addison Wesley, 2001.4. Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya, “High performance Communication

Networks”, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 2nd edn. 2000.5. William Stallings: “High speed networks and internets, performance and

Quality of Service” Pearson Education Asia6. D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, “Data Networks”, PHI, 2000.TEXT BOOKS1. A.S. TANENBAUM, Computer Networks, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall India.2. S. KESHAV, An Engineering Approach on Computer Networking, Addison

Welsey.3. W. STALLINGS, Data and Computer Communication, Macmillan

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MICROWAVE ENGINEERINGModule 1: Passive microwave devices: Scattering matrix, directional coupler, waveguide tees, hybrid couplers, Faraday rotation in ferrites, isolator, circulator. Passive microwave circuits: Microstrip and stripline, filter implementation with transmission lines and strip lines.Module 2: Microwave tube amplifiers: Klystron – velocity modulation and bunching, Travelling wave tube – slow wave structure and Brillouin diagram. Maser – population inversion, pumping and stimulated emission.Module 3: Microwave oscillators: Reflex klystron, magnetron, Gunn diode, IMPATT and TRAPPAT diodes, parametric oscillators – Principle and analysis of oscillator configurations, efficiency, tunability.Module 4: Introduction to terrestrial and extraterrestrial radio wave propagation, Surface wave propagation, Ionospheric propagation.

Module 5: Microwave semiconductor amplifiers (10 hours): BJTs, MESFETs, tunnel diode, parametric amplifiers – Principle and analysis of amplifier configurations and parameters like gain, bandwidth, noise figure, dynamic range - Single stage and broad band transistor amplifier designs - stabilityReferences:1. Rajeshwari Chatterji: Microwave, Millimeter wave and sub-millimeter wave

vacuum electron devices, Affiliated East - West Press2. R E Collin: Foundations for Microwave Engineering, IEEE.3. David M Pozar: Microwave Engineering, Second edition, John Wiley4. A S Gilmour: Microwave Tubes, Artech House.5. P A Rizzi: Microwave Engineering, Prentice Hall.6. Sigfrid Yngyesson: Microwave Semiconductor Devices, Kluwer Academic.7. Joseph J. Carr: Microwave and Wireless Communications Technology, IEEE

Press8. Stephen C. C. Harsany: `Principles of Microwave Technology’, IEEE Press9. Liao S.Y. Microwave Devices and Circuits, PHI

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INFORMATION THEORY & CODINGModule I Information theory - information and entropy - properties of entropy of a binary memoryless source - extension of a binary memoryless source - source coding theorem - Shannon fano coding - Huffman coding – Lempel-Ziv coding - binary symmetric channel – mutual information - properties - channel capacity - channel coding theoremModule II Coding - linear block codes - generator matrices - parity check matrices - encoder – syndrome and error correction - minimum distance - error correction and error detection capabilities - cyclic codes - coding and decodingModule III Introduction to algebra - groups - fields - binary field arithmetic - construction of Galois field - basic properties - computations - vector spaces - matrices - BCH codes - description - decoding - Reed Solomon codesModule 1V Coding - Convolutional codes - encoder - generator matrix - state diagram – distance properties - maximum likelihood decoding - viterbi decoding - sequential decodingText books1. Norman Abramson, Information Theory, John Wiley2. Shu Lin, Costello D.J., Error Control Coding - Fundamentals and Applications,

PrenticeHall Inc. Englewood CliffsReference books1. Simon Haykin, Digital Communications, John Wiley

2. Taub & Schilling, Principles of Communication System, Tata McGraw Hill3. Tomasi, Electronic Communication, Fundamentals Through Advanced, Pearson

education4. Sklar, Digital Communication, Pearson Education5. T. Cover and Thomas, “Elements of Information Theory”, John Wiley & Sons

1991.---------------------------------------------------------

Cryptography

Principles of number theory and the practice of network security and cryptographic algorithms. Topics include primes, random numbers, modular arithmetic and discrete logarithms, conventional or symmetric encryption, and public key or asymmetric encryption, key management, hash functions, digital signatures, certificates and authentication protocols, electronic mail security, web security and protocols for secure electronic commerce, some applications, such as smart cards, electronic voting, and some programming topics, e.g., provable security

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Advanced Computer Communication Networks

Introduction and overview. Common network technologies and concepts.. Connection oriented and connectionless packet switching. The Internet

and ATM Networks: Concepts, architecture and challenges Delay models in computer networks. Queueing theory: Basic concepts,

review of Markov chain theory. Queuing theory: Little's Theorem, M/M/1 queue Priority queueing systems. Multidimensional Markov Chains: applications

in multiple traffic class networks Multiple Access and LAN protocols. Performance analysis of LAN protocols. Naming and addressing: Internet and ATM networks. Routing in computer

networks: overview and requirements. Distance-vector routing. Link-state routing. Routing in ATM networks. Multiparty communication. IP multicast routing protocols. Flow and rate control: open loop and closed loop. Analysis of window flow

control. Common network protocols: SONET/SDH, Internet protocol stack. TCP

flow and error control.

ATM Network protocols: ATM, AAL, IP over ATM, LAN emulation. ATM signaling

Elements of Network Security.

Network SecurityIntroduction to computer security and cryptography: security services, threats and attacks, encryption, authentication, digital signatures. Software security:database security, security of general purpose operating systems, trusted operating systems, malicious software, safe programs. Network security: firewalls, intrusion detection systems, Internet security protocols, Denial-of-Service attacks. Security management: organizational policies, physical security, planning and risk analysis, emergency response and disaster recovery, securityaudits, legal and ethical issues. - Information Security services, Problems and Types - Security Hacking types – Viruses– (Data Hacking – Attacking – Jamming) – Fundamentals of information Security – Cryptography methods – Encryption keys problems – RSA – DES – Digital Electronic Signature – Authentication Certificates – Security in Computer Networks and Information – Encryption in Networks – Control in Transmission Type – Firewall Security – Definitions – Applications – Security walls services Management – Security Protocols.

References:

Wireless Networks

The course provides an overview of mobile and wireless networking with multimedia services, including voice and data. Medium-Access Control (MAC) protocols (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, ALOHA-based), channel assignment methods (fixed versus dynamic), power control, handoff, scheduling methods for wireless packet networks. Examples of second generation (2G) circuits switched systems and standards and their evolution to third generation (3G) packet-based networks. If time permits, additional topics may be covered based on the class interest, e.g., issues in ad-hoc and sensor networks.Examples of second generation (2G) circuits switched systems and standards and their evolution to third generation (3G+) packet-based networks will be given.

The second half of the course will consist of reading and presenting the latest wireless re search papers and technology proposals. Examples of topics that will be covered include: MAC, routing, flow/congestion control and energy issues in ad-hoc and sensor networks; fundamental wireless capacity limitations; multiple antenna capacity gains. If time permits, additional topics will be covered based on the students and/or teachers

Evolution of Wireless Networks : 1G, 2G, 3G, Next-G. Wireless Networks Operation: Mobility and Resource Management, Security. Wireless WANs: GSM, CDMA, IS-95, and IMT-2000, Mobil Data Networks, Wireless LANs: 802.11, HIPERLAN, Ad Hoc Networks, Mobil IP. Next Generation Wireless Systems.

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Wireless Systems & Spectrum Policy and management

Module I

Fundamentals of modern wireless systems. free space propagation model - ground reflection model – large scale path loss - small scale fading and multipath propagation - impulse response model of a multipath channel - parameters of a mobile multipath channel - multipath delay spread - doppler spread - coherence band width - coherence time - time dispersion and frequency selective fading - frequency dispersion and time selective fading - concepts of level crossing rate and average fade duration

Module II Digital communication through fading multipath channels - frequency non selective, slowly fading channels - frequency selective, slowly fading channels- calculation of error probabilities - tapped delay line model - the RAKE demodulator performance – diversity techniques for mobile wireless radio systems concept of diversity branch and signal paths - combining methods - selective diversity combining - pre-detection and post detection combining - switched combining - maximal ratio combining- equal gain combining

Module III Fundamental concepts of spread spectrum systems - pseudo noise sequence - performance of direct sequence spread spectrum systems - analysis of direct sequence spread spectrum systems - the processing gain and anti jamming margin - frequency hopped spread spectrum systems - time hopped spread spectrum systems - synchronization of spread spectrum systems

Module III Telecommunications Policy , Topics covered in this course include Global Telecommunications, History of the Telecommunications Industry & Technology. Spectrum Allocation. FCC & CCIT Regulations etc. Intellectual Property. This course is currently offered by the Department of Humanities & Communications.

Module IV: Telecommunications Management

Business Aspects of Telecommunications. Managing and Controlling Frequencies etc. Management aspects of planning and controlling/decision making for telecommunication networks: human resources, financial planning and control, marketing, cost/benefit analysis. Marketing aspects of Telecommunications.

Text books

1. Kamilo Feher, ‘Wireless Digital Communications’, PHI

2. Rapport T.S., ‘Wireless Communications, Principles and Practice’, Prentice Hall

3. Lee W.C.Y., ‘Mobile Cellular Telecommunication’, MGH

4. Proakis J.G., ‘Digital Communications’, MGH

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Microwave Circuit Design

Large-signal characterization and modelling of nonlinear RF circuits; loadpull and loadline based design of power amplifiers and oscillators; amplifier and modulator linearization..Theory of microwave passive devices, transformers, couplers, filters, resonators, and circulators; computer-aided design of microwave circuits; microstrip realization and testing with a network analyzer.Design principles of microwave transistor amplifiers and oscillators; low-noise, power, and broadband amplifiers; and computer-aided design, microstrip realizations, and testing in the laboratory.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VLSI Circuits

Introduction to VLSI Design

History of integrated circuits and technology scaling o Levels of abstraction and the complexity of design o Challenges of VLSI design: power, timing, area, noise, testability,

reliability and yield o CAD tools: simulation, layout, synthesis, test, data management

Semiconductor device physics and MOS modelling (2 Lectures) o pn junction models o MOS device models o MOS capacitors o Short-channel effects and velocity saturation o Introduction to BSIM3v3 device models o Scaling of MOS circuits

Fabrication and layout o VLSI fabrication technology o Layout view o Layout CAD tools, Cadence Virtuoso, and the TSMC 0.25 layers o Design rules: resolution rules and alignment rules o TSMC 0.25 design rules, and learning to read a design manual o Stick diagrams, layout planning, and size estimation

The CMOS inverter o What makes a good logic gate? o Voltage transfer characteristic (dc behavior) o Switching behavior o Noise margins and power dissipation

Static and dynamic CMOS combinational logic gate, capacitance, and switch level modeling

o Transistor sizing in static CMOS, logical effort o Pass-transistor logic, sizing issues in pass-transistor design o Domino logic gates o Rules of thumb for estimating load capacitance o Simple delay models (RC) for CMOS gates o Power consumption o Switch-level simulation models

Latches and clocking o Flip-flops versus latches o Set-up and hold tests o Static and dynamic latch and flip-flop circuits o Clock design and clock skew o Pulse-mode clocking, two-phase clocking

o Static timing analysis Datapath functional units o Adders o Shifters o Multipliers

Control logic strategies o PLAs o Multi-level logic implementations o Synthesis and place-and-route CAD

MOS memories o Register files o SRAM o DRAM

Global interconnect modelling o Capacitance, resistance, and inductance of interconnect o Signal and power-supply integrity issues o Electromigration o RC interconnect modelling o Driving large capacitive load, reducing RC delays

Structured layout design o Structured bitslice layout o Standard-cell layout o Chip layout and floorplanning o Array layout

Other implementation issues o Design for testability o Packaging technology o I/O issues: ESD protection, boundary scan, inductance,

synchronization

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sensor NetworsCentralized and distributed estimation theory, hierarchical estimation, tracking and data association, multi-sensor multi-target tracking and fusion, distributed tracking in distributed sensor networks, track-to-track association and fusion, and Bayesian networks for fusion.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Embedded System Design

Introduction to an embedded systems design

Introduction to Embedded system, Role of processor selection in Embedded System (Microprocessor V/s Micro-controller), Embedded System Project Management, Design cycle in the development phase for an embedded system, Use of target system or its emulator and In-circuit emulator, Use of software tools for development of an ES.RTOS & its overviewReal Time Operating System: Task and Task States, tasks and data, Message queues-Timer Function-Events-Memory Management, Interrupt Routines in an RTOS environment, basic design Using RTOS.Microcontroller8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, basic assembly language programming concepts, Instruction set, Addressing Modes, Logical Operation, Arithmetic Operations, Subroutine, Interrupt handling, Timing subroutines, Serial data transmission, Serial data communication, PIC microcontroller: Architecture, Internal registers and timer/Clock initialization,Interrupus.Introduction to AVR8515 microcontroller.Embedded system developmentInterfacing of external Memory. Interfacing Analog and digital blocks, interfacing of Different peripheral devices such as LED, LCD, Graphical LCD, Switches, Relay, stepper motors, ADC, DAC and various sensors. Introduction to-assembler, compiler, cross compilers and Integrated Development Environment (IDE).Networks for Embedded SystemsThe I2C Bus, The CAN bus, SHARC link Ports, Ethernet, Introduction to Bluetooth:Specification, Core Protocol IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Testability: Boundary Scan Architecture

TEXT BOOKS1. The Art of Programming Embedded Systems, Jack G. Ganssle,

Academic press.2. Intelligent Embedded Systems, Louis L. Odette, Addison-Wesley,

19913. J. Staunstrup and W. Wolf, editors, Hardware/Software Co-Design:

Principles and Practice, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.References1. Rajkamal, “Microcontrollers: Architecture, Programming, Interfacing

and System Design”, Pearson Education.2. The 8051 Microcontroller by K.J. Ayala, Penram International3. J B Peatman, Design with PIC Microcontrollers, Prentice Hall4. Programming and Customizing the AVR Microcontroller by

Dhananjay Gadre, MGH5. J B Peatman, Design with PIC Microcontrollers, Prentice Hall

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Nano-Technology

1. IntroductionIntroduction to nanoscale science and technology, why nanoscience and nanotechnology?Length energy and time scales, nanostructure types and properties, electronic and optical properties of materials, top down approach to nanolithography. Spatial resolution of optical, deep ultraviolet, X-ray, electron beam and ion beam lithography.2. Quantum MechanicsBand gap engineering, Quantum confinement of electrons in semiconductor nano structures, One dimensional confinement (Quantum wires), Two dimensional confinement (Quantumwells), three dimensional confinement (Quantum dots) and Bottom up approach, Single electron transistors, coulomb blockade effects in ultra small metallic tunnel junctions.3. Molecular TechniquesMolecular Electronics, Chemical self-assembly, carbon fullerenes and nano tubes, Self assembled mono layers, Applications in biological and chemical detection.4. Surface analytical instrumentation techniques for nanotechnologyAtomic scale characterization techniques, scanning probe microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy,.BOOKS: Text1. Beenaker and Van Houten “Quantum Transport in Semiconductor

Nanostructures in Solid state Physics” Ehernreich and Turnbell, Academic press, 1991

References1. David Ferry “ Transport in Nano structures” Cambridge University

press 20002. Y. Imry “ Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics, Oxford University press

19973. S. Dutta “ Electron Transport in Mesoscopic systems” Cambridge

University press4. H. Grabert and M. Devoret “Single charge Tunneling” Plenum press

1992------------------------------------------------------

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS)

Introduction to ASICs, ASIC library design, Programmable ASICs, Programmable ASIC logic cells, Programmable ASIC I/O Cells, Programmable ASIC interconnect, Programmable ASIC design software,

VHDL and verilog HDL, Logic synthesis, Simulation and verification, Floorplanning, Placement and routing.

References:

Smith, Michael J. S., Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Addision Wesley, 1997.

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Communication Switching Systems

Module I Electronic switching systems: basics of a switching system - electronic space division switching - stored program control - time division switching - time multiplexed space switching - time multiplexed time switching - two stage, three stage and N-stage combination switchingModule II Digital circuit switching networks: two-stage network - three-stage network - n-stage network - non-blocking switches - blocking probability analysis of multistage switches – lee approximation - improved approximate analysis of blocking switch - examples of digital switching systems - AT & T 5ESS and NTI - DMS 100 switching systemsModule IIIElements of traffic engineering: network traffic load and parameters - grade of service and blocking probability - incoming traffic and service time characterization - blocking models and loss estimates - delay systemsModule IVSignaling: customer line signaling - outband signaling - inband signaling - PCM signaling - inter register signaling - common channel signaling principles - CCITT signaling system No: 7 - digital customer line signalingIntroduction to ATM switching – Strict sense non block switch – self routing switches – Bense network – ATM routers – Design of typical switches.Text books1. Viswanathan T., Telecommunication Switching Systems and

Networks, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.2. Schwartz M., Telecommunication Networks - Protocols, Modeling and

Analysis, Addison Wesley Publishing CompanyReference books1. Flood J.E., Telecommunications Switching Traffic and Networks,

Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd.

2. Freeman R.L., Telecommunication System Engineering, Wiley Inter Science Publications

3. Das J., Review of Digital Communication, New Age Internal (P) Ltd., Publishers

Optical Transmission & Switching

PHOTONIC SWITCHING AND NETWORKIntroduction: Overview of the architectures and principles of optical systems and networks; Access networks; LANS, WANS & MANS; SONET, SDH and ATM.Components for Optical Networks: Fused fibre devices such as couplers, WDMs and WFCs; filters and WDMs such as interference filters, Fabry Perot etalons and Bragg gratings; optical isolators; integrated optic modulators and switches; wavelength converters,Dispersion Compensating techniques.Optical Amplifiers (EDFAs and SOAs): Principles of operation; gain characteristics; wavelength characteristics, cross talk and wavelength conversion; noise characteristics and noise figure; characteristics of amplifiers cascades.Design and Analysis of Optically Amplified links: systems performance analysis and power budget analysis for BERs of 109 for optically Amplified links.Design and Analysis of Common Optical Systems and Networks: Power budgets, issues of component specification and tolerances; PONs, BPONs, WDM systems, wavelength routing networks and all optically switched systems. Optical Fiber impairment issues like: higher order dispersion, fiber nonlinearities in optical systems and Networks, optical solitions.Note: Design and analysis is to be learned practically using simulation tool OptSim or OptiSystem and Artifex.

This module provides an overview of the course's rationale and topics. Review of optics This lightning review of optics will cover the basics of physical optics: Interference, diffraction, coherence and polarizationCharacteristics of optical fibers This module covers propagation in multimode and single-mode fibers, coupling into and out of fibers, attenuation, group-velocity dispersion, optical nonlinearities, polarization-mode dispersion, fiber manufacturing, air-core fibers, and test equipment.

1. Optical waveguides 2. This module is an overview of the distinctive characteristics of

the propagation of light in conducting and dielectric waveguides.3. Review of digital communications

4. A summary of important concepts of digital communications, including baseband and broadband digital transmission, Shannon's coding theorem, bit signaling and bit-group signaling methods, bit error rate and bit-group error rate, and time-division and frequency-division multiplexing. For a deeper understanding of digital communications, please consider taking

5. Optical sources and transmitters 6. This module reviews the physics of light emission and

amplification in semiconductors, light-emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers (including both edge-emitting and surface-emitting lasers), and optical transmitters. This module, and the two following modules

7. Optical detectors and receivers 8. This module covers the physics and technology of the detection

and demodulation of light, including photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, and receiver systems.

9. Optical amplifiers 10. Optical amplifier technologies discussed here include

semiconductor laser amplifiers, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), praseodymium-doped fiber amplifiers, planar amplifiers, Raman amplifiers and optical repeaters.

11. Noise and detection 12. This module covers noise arising from the properties of

fibers, transmitters, receivers and amplifiers, as well as the determination of the bit error rate in terms of system parameters.

13. Dispersion in optical communication systems 14. This module covers dispersion in multimode fibers,

dispersion in single-mode fibers, dispersion-induced pulse broadening in single-mode fibers, system implications, and real-life examples.

15. Optical link design 16. An overview of the design process for a point-to-point

optical link.

1. Overview of optical communication systems o History of optical communications o Course overview

2. Review of optics o Wave theory of light o Reflection and refraction of plane waves; Fresnel's

formulas o Interference and interferometers o Diffraction o Optical coherence o Polarization of light

o Image-forming systems 3. Characteristics of optical fibers

o Wave propagation in multimode and single-mode optical fibers

o Coupling into and out of fibers o Attenuation o Group-velocity dispersion o Optical nonlinearities o Polarization-mode dispersion o Fiber manufacturing o Air-core fibers o Test equipment and techniques

4. Optical waveguides o Planar conducting waveguides o Planar dielectric waveguides o Optical fiber waveguides

5. Review of digital communications o Baseband transmission o Broadband transmission o Shannon's coding theorem o Bit signaling and bit-group signaling methods o Bit error rate and bit-group error rate o Time-division multiplexing o Frequency-division multiplexing

6. Optical sources and transmitters o Physics of light emission and amplification in

semiconductors o Light-emitting diodes

references 1- Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, 3rd Edition, Chapter

1,2- Dutton, Understanding Optical Communications, Chapter 1, 3- John G. Nellist, Understanding Telecommunications and Lightwave

Systems, Chapter 17.4- Hecht, Optics, 3rd Edition. A fourth edition is forthcoming Books

Recommended:1. Ramaswami R & Safarajan K, “Optical Networks: A Practical

Perspective” 2nd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann.2. OptSim/OptiSystem Mannuals.3. Abdellatif Marrakchi, “Photonic Switching and Interconnects,” Marcel

Dekker, November 19934. Jean-Pierre Laude, “DWDM fundamentals, Components, and

Applications, “Artech House, January 2002.5. Debra Cameron, “Optical Networking,” Wiley, December 2001.

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Computer Hardware Desigh

ADVANCE MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE1. FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER DESIGN:Introduction, The task of a Computer Designer, Technology and Computer Usage Trends, Cost ad Trends in Cost, Measuring and reporting performance, Quantitative principles of computer design, Control Units: Hardwired And Micro Programmed Design Concept,Microprogramming, Bus architectures: Uni-bus and multi-bus architectures.2. INSTRUCTION SET PRINCIPLES AND EXAMPLES:Introduction, Classifying Instruction Set Architectures, Register Transfer and Micro operation: Register transfer, Register transfer language, Bus and Memory transfers. Memory Addressing, Operations in the Instruction Set, Type and Size of Operands, Encoding an Instruction Set, The Role of Compilers.3. PIPELINING:Introduction, The Basic Pipeline, Pipeline Hazards, Data Hazards, Control Hazards, Difficulties in Implementing Pipelines, Extending the Pipeline to Handle Multicycle Operations, Instruction Set Design and Pipelining.4.PARALLEL COMPUTER MODELS AND INSTRUCTION LEVELPARALLELISM:The state of computing, Classification of parallel computers, Multiprocessors andmulticomputers, Multivector and SIMD computers, Instruction Level Parallelism, Overcoming Data Hazards with Dynamic Scheduling, Reducing Branch Penalties with Dynamic , Hardware Support for Extracting More Parallelism.5. MEMORY HIERARCHY DESIGN:Introduction, The Fundamentals of Caches, Reducing Cache Misses, Reducing Cache Miss Penalty, Reducing Hit Time, Main Memory, Virtual Memory, Issues in the Design of Memory Hierarchy.6. MULTIPROCESSORS:Introduction, Characteristics of Application Domains, Centralized Shared MemoryArchitectures, Distributed Shared Memory Architectures, Synchronization, Models of Memory Consistency, Crosscutting Issues.7. ADVANCED PROCESSORS:Advanced processor technology, CISC Scalar Processors, RISC Scalar Processors,Superscalar Processors, VLIW Architectures, Vector and Symbolic processors

Organization and anatomy of a computer. Introduction to computer architecture.

Instruction set architectures. Addressing modes. PDP/8 instruction set. Instruction-set architecture and assembly language

programming of the PDP/8 Design hierarchy and processes. Datapath-controller partitioning. ASM charting and state machine design. Fundamentals of VHDL for register-transfer design Datapath design and the requirements of the instruction set. Datapath elements: registers, register files, shifter, adders,

muxes, multipliers. PDP/8 datapath. Control logic design. Hardwired control, microcode, millicode. Testing and validation of hardware. Memory. Memory hierarchy and memory technology. SRAM and DRAM. Reading datasheets. Types of DRAM; SDRAM, DDR-SDRAM, Rambus. I/O System Design for the PDP/8. Asynchronous communication discipline UARTs Logic families and programmable logic. FPGAs. Types of FPGA architectures, programming technology, CAD tools

for synthesis and place-and-route Busses. Synchronous and asynchronous protocols. Arbitration schemes, PCI bus as a case example. Power, timing, noise issues in digital design. Critical paths, skew, fast paths, asynchronous inputs. Packaging. Power-supply and signal integrity concerns on the

board, package, and chip. High-speed board design. Review of basic transmission line theory. High-speed signalling techniques and standards.

BOOKS:1. Kai Hwang, “Advanced computer architecture”, TMH.2. D. A. Patterson and J. L. Hennessey, “Computer organization and

design,” Morgan Kaufmann, 2nd Ed.3. J.P.Hayes, “computer Architecture and organization”, MGH.4. Harvey G.Cragon,”Memory System and Pipelined processors”;

Narosa Publication.5. R.K.Ghose, Rajan Moona & Phalguni Gupta, “Foundation of Parallel Processing”; NAROSA PUBLICATIONS.

Optoelectronic Devices & Systems Introduction, review Maxwell's equations, optical waveguides,

light propagation in fibers Single mode fiber, basic propagation equations Slowly varying envelope approximation Group velocity dispersion, chirp, higher order dispersion Dispersion compensation techniques, self phase modulation,

spectral broadening Applications of SPM, nonlinear optical switching Nonlinear Schrodinger equation, optical solitons Soliton propagation, collisions Four wave mixing Optical amplifiers, SOA, EDFA Cascaded optical amplifiers Optical transmission systems Optically amplified system design and performance Soliton optical communications Gordon-Haus effect, timing jitter WDM optically amplified systems Dispersion in system design, NRZ, soliton signaling Dispersion management and compensation WDM network elements, architectures WDM system experiments, test-beds Long-haul TDM transmission High speed TDM techniques, optical buffering Optical packet switching, OTDM and WDM architectures Optical packet switched networking design challenges

BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING---------- LABList of experiments1. Electronics Workshop - I2. Electronics Workshop - II3. Electronics Workshop - III4. Diode & Zener diode characteristics - dc and dynamic resistance5. Clipping and Clamping circuits.6. Zener diode regulator - regulation curves7. Half wave rectifier with C, LC & CRC filters8. Full wave rectifiers with C, LC & CRC filters9. CB configuration - determination of h parameters10. CE configuration - determination of h parameters11. JFET Characteristics.12. UJT Characteristics and Relaxation Oscillator.13. Series resonant and parallel resonant circuits - voltage and current amplification

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ------------------------------LAB**NA****

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ----------------------LABList of experiments1. Realization of current mirror & level shifter circuit using Operational Amplifiers.2. Study of Switched Mode Power Supply & construction of a linear voltage

regulator using regulator IC chip.3. Construction of a simple function generator using IC.4. Realization of a V-to-I & I-to-V converter using Op-Amps.5. Realization of a Phase Locked Loop using Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO).

7. Feed back voltage regulator with short circuit protection.8. Emitter follower with & without complementary transistors – Frequency

and phase response driving a capacitive load.9. Single stage BJT/FET amplifier10. 2 stage RC coupled amplifier – Frequency response11. Cascode amplifier – Frequency response12. Phase shift oscillator using BJT/FET.13. Hartley / Colpitts oscillator using BJT/FET.14. Power amplifier – Class A & class AB.15. Crystal oscillator.16. Tuned amplifier

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS------------------------- LABList of experiments1. Characteristics of TTL gates2. Code converters and parity circuits using basic gates3. Combinational logic design using Decoders and MUXs4. Half and Full adders and subtractors5. 4 bit adder-substractor IC & BCD adder circuit6. Flip flop circuit (RS latch, JK and Master Slave) using basic gates7. Ripple, Johnson and Ring counters8. Synchronous Counters and pseudorandom sequence generators9. State machine for sequence detection10. Astable and Monostable circuits using gates and timer IC11. DAC Circuits (ladder and weighted resistor) and ICs12. ADC Circuits (eg. counter ramp ) and ICs

MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS ----------------LAB

1. Familiarization with 8085 register level architecture and trainer kit components, including the memory map.Familiarization with the process of storing and viewing the contents of memory as well as registers.2. a) Study of prewritten programs on trainer kit using the basic instruction set ( data transfer, Load/Store, Arithmetic, Logical)b) Assignments based on above.3. a) Familiarization with 8085 simulator on PC.c) Study of prewritten programs using basic instruction set ( data transfer, Load/Store, Arithmetic, Logical) on the simulator.b) Assignments based on above4. Programming using kit/simulator for i) table look upii) Copying a block of memoryiii) Shifting a block of memoryiv) Packing and unpacking of BCD numbersv) Addition of BCD numbersvi) Binary to ASCII conversion

vii) String Matchingviii) Multiplication using Booth’s Algorithm5. Program using subroutine calls and IN/OUT instructions using 8255 PPI on the trainer kit eg, subroutine for delay, reading switch state & glowing LEDs accordingly, finding out the frequency of a pulse train etc6. Interfacing any 8-bit Latch (eg, 74LS373) with trainer kit as a peripheral mapped output port with absolute address decoding7. Interfacing with I/O modules:a) ADCb) Speed control of mini DC motor using DACc) Keyboardd) Multi-digit Display with multiplexinge) Stepper motor

8. Writing programs for ‘Wait Loop (busy waiting)’ and ISR for vectored interrupts (eg, counting number of pulses within specified time period)9. Study of 8051 Micro controller kit and writing programs for the following tasks using the kita) Table look upb) Basic arithmetic and logical operationsc) Interfacing of Keyboard and stepper motor10. Familiarization with EPROM programming and Erasing

11. Assembly language programming of 8086a) Sorting , code conversion, Pascal’s triangleb) Matrix multiplicationc) TSR programming [3 classes]12. Interfacing experiments of 8086a) Stepper motor interfaceb) Display card interfacec) Hex key board interfaced) Parallel port interfacee) ADC/DAC interface [5 classes]13. Assembly language programming of the 8051 [1 class]14. Interfacing experiments of 8051a) Parallel port and serial port interfaceb) Counter and Timer interface [2 classes

ANALOG COMMUNICATION----------------- LAB1. AM generation2. AM detection with simple and delayed AGC3. RF Mixer using JFET/BJT4. FM generation (reactance modulator)5. FM demodulation6. PAM generation and demodulation7. Generation and demodulation of PWM and PPM

8. Implementation of intermediate frequency amplifier9. PLL characteristics and demodulation using PLL10. SSB generation and demodulation using integrated circuits---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Digital Communication---------------------------- LAB

1. To study and observe waveform of FSK Modulation and demodulation.2. To study the characteristics of second order Band pass filter3. To study sampling and time division Multiplexing and demultiplexing.4. To study the characteristics of gaussion noise and to measure its spectrum height in5. the frequency band over which its spectral density is flat.6. To study delta modulation and demodulation.7. To observe the time domain and spectral Characteristics of the waveform of BPSK,

QPSK and offset-QPSK, to build modulators for them and measure their BER Performance with ideal receivers.

8. To implement the optimal receiver for 4- PAM and 16 QAM modulated signals, study the spectral characteristics of PAM , QAM and measure their BER performance

---------------------------------------------------------

Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation----------- LAB

List of Experiments:1. Instrument workshop- observe the construction of PMMC,

Dynamometer, Electro thermal and Rectifier type instrument,Oscilloscope and digital multimeter2. Calibrate moving iron and electrodynamometer type ammeter / voltmeter by potentiometer3. Calibrate dynamometer type Wattmeter by potentiometer4. Calibrate A.C. energy meter5. Measure the resistively of material using Kelvin Double Bridge6. Measurement of Power using Instrument transformer7. Measurement of Power in Polyphase circuits8. Measurement of Frequency by Wien Bridge using Oscilloscope9. Measurement of Inductance by Anderson Bridge10. Measurement of Capacitance by De Sauty Bridge11. Study of static characteristics (accuracy, precision, hysteresis,

repeatability, linearity) of a measuring instrument.12. Study of dynamic characteristic ( fidelity, speed of response)13. Acquaintance with basic structure of DMM and measurement of

different electrical parameters14. Statistical analysis of errors in measurement using computer

simulation15. Study of A/D converter along with its associate circuitry16. Study of D/A converter17. Realization of Data Acquisition system18. Wave and spectrum analysis using Q meter19. Measurement of HF and VHF

TRANSDUCER & SENSORS------------------------- LAB

1. Study of two Channel Voltage to Circuit transmitter (V-I Transmitter)2. Study of two Channel I-V Receiver (Converter).3. Temperature measurement using AD590 Semiconductor temperature

sensor.4. Displacement measurement by Capacitive Transducer.5. Pressure & Displacement measurement by Linear Variable

Displacement Transducer (LVDT ).6. Study of load cell. ( To study the load cell behavior for tensile &

compressive load).7. Torque measurements by Strain Gauge Transducer.8. Measurement of linear displacement using Inductive Displacement

Transducer.9. Measurement of speed using Magnetic Pick-Up Proximity Sensor.10. Relative Humidity measurement using Capacitive Transducer.11. Displacement measurement by Magnetic Bi-Polar Digital Position

Sensor (using Hall Effect).12. Measurement of angular speed by Stroboscope.13. Studies of L.D.R14. Studies of Photo Diodes & Photo Voltaic cells.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS -----------LAB.1. Measurement of op-amp parameters - CMRR, slew rate, open loop gain, input and outputimpedances2. Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, integrators and differentiators - frequencyresponse3. Instrumentation amplifier - gain, CMRR and input impedance4. Single op-amp second order LPF and HPF - Sallen-Key configuration5. Narrow band active BPF - Delyiannis configuration6. Active notch filter realization using op-amps7. Wein bridge oscillator with amplitude stabilization8. RC phase shift oscillator9. Astable and monostable multivibrators using op-amps10. Square, triangular and ramp generation using op-amps11. Astable and monostable multivibrators using IC 55512. Linear sweep generation using IC 55513. Design of PLL for given lock and capture ranges & frequency multiplication14. Precision limiters using op-amps15. Log and Antilog Amplifiers

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------MINI PROJECT & INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Prior to registration to 7th Semester all students have to complete a Mini Project/Industrialtraining. Only one will be credited if a student completes both mini project and industrialtraining. Mini Project. The mini project should be on Hardware Design and/or fabrication in any of the areas in Electronics and Communication Engineering. microcontroller/DSP/PLD based hardware design is also permitted. Project work can be carried out individually or by a group of maximum of four students under the guidance of a faculty from ECE Department. A committee of the faculty will evaluate the projects during the sixth semester. This course is normally engaged by the department at the beginning of sixth semester.Industrial Training. Industrial training shall be as per the institute norms from the list of firms approved by the department. The duration of the training must not be less than 4 weeks in a stretch. The Department of Training and Placement shall arrange for the same in consultation with the ECE department to satisfy specific requirements if any. Also the Department of Training and Placement will conduct evaluation and forward the result to department.

TELEPHONE ENGINEERING----------LAB

Hands-on experience in the implementation, configuration, and operation of telephone system in a real-life laboratory environment equipped with modern equipments, and technologies. Students are exposed to real-world telephone networking scenarios.Co requisite (for the LAB ) Hands-on experience in the implementation, configuration, and operation of: telephone handset, measurements of transmission-line impairements, signaling, and suppervisory system. Features, and functionalities of real system based on the stored control program (SPC) system.

-------------------------------------------------------------SEMINARS

Each student shall present a seminar in the seventh semester on a topic relevant to Electronics and Communication Engineering for about 30 minutes. The topic should not be a replica of what is contained in the syllabus. The topic shall be approved by the Seminar Evaluation Committee of the Department. The committee shall evaluate the presentation of students. A seminar report in the prescribed form shall be submitted to the department after the approval from the committee.TECHNICAL REPORTING and WRITING & / LANGUAGE PRACTICE

The student should be trained on:1. get a clear idea of the syllabus and understand the need for having

such a practice lab in the first place(3 hours)2. Conversion practice is done on given situation topics. The students are

also made to listen to pre-recorded cassettes produced by British Council and also by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge (6 hours)

3. Group Discussions:- The students are made to understand the difference between the language of conversion and group discussion.

Strategies of such discussions are to teach to them. It is also helpful to use videocassettes produced by the U.G.C. on topics like group-discussion. After wards the class is divided into groups and the students have to discuss on given topics on current socio-economic-political-educational importance(12 hours)

4. Interview sessions-students are taught the do’s and don’ts of facing a successful interview. They then have to face rigorous practices of mock-interviews. There simulations of real life interview sessions where students have to face an interview panel(12 hours)

5. Presentations: The secrets of an effective presentation are taught to the students. Then each and every student has to make lab presentations with the help of the Overhead projector/ using power point presentation and other audio-visual aids in the laboratory. They also have to face the question answer sessions at the end of their presentation (12 hours)

6. Classes are also allotted to prepare the students for competitive examinations like the T.O.E.F.L. by making the students listen to specially produced C.D. cassettes of such examinations (3 hours)

The overall aim of this course is to inculcate a sense of confidence in the students and help them to become good communicators in their social as well as professional lives.

Text:1. Sharma—Business Correspondence & Report Writing, TMH2. Prasad—Group Discussion & Interview (With Audio Cassette) , TMH

Reference:3. Sashi Kumar—Spoken English (with Cassette) , TMH

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CONTROL SYSTEM------------------LAB1) Familarisation with MAT- Lab- control system tool box, MAT –Lab- simulink tool

box & PSPICE.2) DETERMINATION OF STEP RESPONSE FOR FIRST ORDER & SECOND

ORDER SYSTEM WITH UNITY FEEDBACK ON CRO &CALCULATIONS OF CONTROL SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS LIKE TIME CONSTANT , % PEAK OVERSHOOT, SETTLING TIME ETC., FROM THE RESPONSE.

3) SIMULATION OF STEP RESPONSE & IMPULSE RESPONSE FOR TYPE-0 , TYPE-1 & TYPE –2 SYSTEM WITH UNITY FEEDBACK USING MATLAB & PSPICE.

4) DETERMINATION OF ROOT LOCUS, BODE- PLOT, NYQUIST PLOT USING MATLAB- CONTROL SYSTEM TOOLBOX FOR 2ND ORDER SYSTEM & DETERMINATION OF DIFFERERNT CONTROL SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS FROM THE PLOT.

5) DETERMINATION OF PI, PD,PID CONTROLLER ACTION OF FIRST ORDER SIMULATED PROCESS.

6) DETERMINATION OF APPROXIMATE TRANSFER FUNCTION EXPERIMENTALLY FROM BODE PLOT.

7) EVALUATION OF STEADY STATE ERROR, SETTING TIME, PERCENTAGE PEAK OVERSHOOT, GAIN MARGIN, PHASE MARGIN WITH ADDITION OF LEAD COMPENSATOR & BY COMPENSATOR IN FORWARD PATH TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR UNITY FEED BACK CONTROL SYSTEM USING PSPICE OR OTHERWISE.

8) STUDY OF A PRACTICAL POSITION CONTROL SYSTEM & DETERMINATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS FOR VARIATION OF SYSTEM PARAMETERS.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

ADVANCED COMMUNICATION ENG.---------------- LAB.Microwave and Optical Experiments1. Klystron characteristics o/p power & frequency versus repeller voltage2. Slotted line measurements. VSWR & Impedance3. Antenna radiation pattern measurements4. Directional coupler and isolator5. Optical fibre experiments. Analog & digitalHardware Experiments1. PN and Orthogonal code generators2. Digital TDM3. Cyclic encoder and decoder4. Spreader and de-spreader for CDMA

MICROWAVE DEVICES AND SYSTEMS------------ LAB

1. To study the microwave components, sources and different types of loads.2. To study the characteristics of reflex klystron and determine it’s electronic and

mechanical tuning range.3. To study the characteristics of gunn diode.4. To measure the coupling and directivity of a directional coupler.5. To study various tees i.e.: - E-plane, H-plane and magic tees.6. To measure VSWR of an unknown load and determine its impedance .7. To measure large standing wave ratio.8. To determine the gain of a pyramidal horn and plot its beam pattern and find its lobe

width.9. To match the impedance of maximum power transfer using a slide screw tuner.10. To measure VSWR, insertion loss and attenuation of fixed and variable attenuator.

11. To measure the frequency of microwave source and demonstrate the relation ship among the frequency, free space wavelength and guide wavelength.

12. To determine the insertion loss, isolation of a three port circulato

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION -------------------------LAB

1. To setting up fiber optic analog link.2. Study of losses in optical fiber.3. Study of numerical aperture of optical fiber.4. Study of time division multiplexing (digital).5. Study of framing in time division multiplexing.6. Study of Manchester coding and decoding.7. Study of voice coding and codec chip.8. Study of characteristics of fiber optic LED’s and photo

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EMBEDDED SYSTEMS ------------------------LAB

1. Study A/D Converter and Analysis of External input using A/D converter and Display the result on LCD.2. Study D/A Converter, Waveform generation i.e. ramp wave, step wave, square wave, triangular wave.3. Display the status of 4-bit Keyboard switches on LCD and interface the LCD with micro-controller to display data or character string.4. Study the 7-segments Display, Digital clock, counter (0-9) and (0-99).5. Study the L.E.Ds, check the status of any ports, add two numbers and display the result on L.E.Ds, multiply the two numbers and display the result on L.E.Ds6. Study the Relay Switch and perform swiching of relays to turn ON/OFF.7. Study the Buzzer operation by using the micro-controller.8. Study the stepper motor and interfacing stepper Motor to the Micro-controller.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VLSI DESIGN TECHNIQUES

1. Introduction, Trends & Projections in VLSI Circuits, Flow diagram of VLSI Circuit Design and VLSI Design issues.

2. MOSFET fundamentals, Enhancement Mode MOSFETs, Depletion Mode MOSFETs, Weak & strong Inversion Conditions, Threshold Voltage Concept in MOSFETs, IV Characteristics of a MOSFET, Limitations in IV Model and MOSFET Parasitics.

3. Basic VLSI Design Styles-NMOS, CMOS Process flow ; Noise Margin; Inverter Threshold Voltage; NMOS Inverter design and characteristics; CMOS Inverter Design and Properties; Inverter as an Amplifier and Differential Amplifier, Delay , Power Dissipation and scaling in CMOS circuits.

4. Parallel & Series Equivalent circuits; Static CMOS Circuit Design: case study; VLSI Interconnects.

5. Stick Diagrams; Physical Design Rules; Layout Designing; Euler’s Rule for VLSI Physical Design.

6. High Speed Dynamic CMOS logic families; Precharge-Evaluate logic; Dynamic CMOS logic circuits, cascading , charge redistribution and clocking strategies.

7. Memory / Regular Structure Design; ROM Design, SRAM Design8. SPICE models.

Text Books1. S.M. Kang & Y. Leblibici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits-Analysis & Design”,

TMH, Ed. 2003.2. B.G. Streetman & S. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, PHI.3. K. Eshraghian & Pucknell, “Introduction to VLSI”, PHI.Reference Books4 J.M. Rabaey, “Digital Integrated Circuits-A Design Perspective”, PHI.5. B. Razavi, “Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits”, TMH.6. N.H.E. Weste & K. Eshraghian, “Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System

Perspective”, McGraw Hill Pub.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VLSI Design ---------------------------------LABExperiment of the lab will be based on:Circuit Design using SPICE, VHDL/ Verilog, Design using FPGA

Text Books1. S.M. Sze, “ VLSI Technology”, TMH2. Eshraghian & Pucknell, “ Introduction to VLSI”, PHI3. S.K. Gandhi, “ VLSI Fabrication Principles”, John Willey & Sons4. Botkar, “ Integrated Circuits”, Khanna Publishers5. D.Nagchoudhuri “ Principles of Microelectronics Technology” PHIReference Books1. Carmen Capillo, “Surface Mount Technology”.2. S.M. Kang & Y. Leblibici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits-Analysis and Design”,

TMH.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ADVANCED EMBEDDED STSTEMS

Concepts of timing and clocks; task-modeling and real-time operating system; processors; signal digitization and conditioning; memory; interfacing; state-machine and concurrent processes; encoding and flow control; formal verification.

Introduction to software design: Requirements, specifications, structural and behavioral descriptions, UML ; Embedded Processors: Risc, super scalar, and VLIW architectures, ARM and SHARC, Processor and memory organization and Instruction level parallelism; CPU

architectures: Input/Output, interrupts, modes, cache memories Embedded bus architectures: Bus architectures and transactions, Serial interconnects, Networked embedded systems: Bus protocols, I2C bus and CAN bus; Internet-Enabled Systems, Design Example-Elevator Controller. Program design and analysis: Compilers and optimization. Testing. Performance Analysis. ; Operating Systems; Tasks, context switches, Operating system support (inter-process communication, networking), Scheduling, Development environment. ; Hardware Accelerators : FPGA architectures , RISC IP Cores , Verilog HDL ; Embedded System Application, design challenge – optimizing design metrics, processor technology, design technology; real time-operating system : system modeling, static scheduling, Priority drive scheduling, Synchronization & mutual exclusion (real-time and non-real-time); H/W and S/W co-design; embedded multiprocessor ; DSP Algorithm Design: A/D conversion and finite precision analysis, Algorithms for embedded systems: source and channel processing, Portable embedded code. Low Power architectures for embedded systems

Essential Reading: 1- W. Wolf, Computers as Components : Principles of Embedded Computer System Design,

Second Edition, Elsevier/MK, 20052. F. Vahid and T. Givargis, Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software

Introduction, Wiley, 2002.

Supplementary Reading: 1. P. Marwedel, Embedded System Design, Springer, 2006. 2. Proceedings of the IEEE (Special Issue on HW/SW Codesign), March, 1997.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GRADUATION PROJECT

The duration of major project is for two continuous semesters from seventh. The project can be analytical work, simulation, hardware design or a combination of these in the emerging areas of Electronics and Communication Engineering under the supervision of a faculty from the ECE Department. Project work can be carried out individually or by a group of maximum of four students. The UG evaluation committee of the department shall evaluate the project during seventh semester for 3 of total of 8 credits assigned for the project.

TECHNICAL REPORTING and WRITING & / LANGUAGE PRACTICE The student should be trained on:1. get a clear idea of the syllabus and understand the need for having

such a practice lab in the first place(3 hours)2. Conversion practice is done on given situation topics. The students are

also made to listen to pre-recorded cassettes produced by British Council and also by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge (6 hours)

3. Group Discussions:- The students are made to understand the difference between the language of conversion and group discussion.

Strategies of such discussions are to teach to them. It is also helpful to use videocassettes produced by the U.G.C. on topics like group-discussion. After wards the class is divided into groups and the students have to discuss on given topics on current socio-economic-political-educational importance(12 hours)

4. Interview sessions-students are taught the do’s and don’ts of facing a successful interview. They then have to face rigorous practices of mock-interviews. There simulations of real life interview sessions where students have to face an interview panel(12 hours)

5. Presentations: The secrets of an effective presentation are taught to the students. Then each and every student has to make lab presentations with the help of the Overhead projector/ using power point presentation and other audio-visual aids in the laboratory. They also have to face the question answer sessions at the end of their presentation (12 hours)

6. Classes are also allotted to prepare the students for competitive examinations like the T.O.E.F.L. by making the students listen to specially produced C.D. cassettes of such examinations (3 hours)

The overall aim of this course is to inculcate a sense of confidence in the students and help them to become good communicators in their social as well as professional lives.

Text:1. Sharma—Business Correspondence & Report Writing, TMH2. Prasad—Group Discussion & Interview (With Audio Cassette) , TMH

Reference:3. Sashi Kumar—Spoken English (with Cassette) , TMH

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ELECTIVE COURSES

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSINGModule I Digital image representation: (7 hrs.)Basic functions in digital image processing; Image model; Sampling and quantization; Basic relationships between pixels; Basic geometric transformations; 2-D function representation; Separable functions; 2-D convolution; 2-D correlation.Module II Image transforms: (8 hrs.)2-D Discrete Fourier transform - properties; Walsh, Hadamard, Discrete Cosine, Haar andSlant transforms; The Hotelling transform.Module III Image enhancement: (8 hrs.)Spatial and frequency domain _filtering methods; Histogram processing; Spatial maskgeneration; Colour image processingModule IV Image restoration: (8 hrs.)Degradation model; Circulant matrix formulation for complexity reduction; Algebraicmethods; Inverse _filtering; Wiener _filter methods; Constrained least squares method ofrestoration.

Module V Image compression: (8 hrs.)Fundamental concepts of image compression; Compression models; Information theoreticperspective; Fundamental coding theorem; lossy and lossless compression methods.Text Books:1. R. C. Gonzales and R. E. Woods, \Digital Image Processing," Addison Wesley, 1992.2. Anil K. Jain, \Fundamentals of Digital Image processing," Prentice Hall India, 1989.3. Jae S. Lim, \Two Dimensional Signal and Image Processing," Prentice Hall Inc.,Englewood Cli_s, New Jersey, 1990.Reference Books:1. William K. Pratt, \Digital Image Processing," Wiley Interscience, New York, 2 ndedition,1991.2. Rosenfield and A. C. Kak, \Digital Picture Processing," 2nd edition, Vols. 1 & 2,Academic Press, New York, 1982.3. R. J. Schalkoff, \Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision," John Wiley & Sons,New York, 1989.

TELEVISION ENGINEERINGModule I (14 hours)Principles of television - image continuity - interlaced scanning - blanking - synchronizing - video and sound signal modulation - channel bandwidth - vestigial sideband transmission - VSB correction - positive and negative modulation - transmitter and receiver block diagrams - CCD cameraModule II (14 hours)Colour TV - Colour perception - luminance, hue and saturation - colour TV camera and picture tube - colour signal transmission - bandwidth - modulation - formation of chrominance signal - principles of NTSC, PAL and SECAM coder and decoderModule III (14 hours)Digital TV - composite digital standards - 4 f sc NTSC standard - general specifications - sampling structure - general concept of video bit reduction - MPEG standard – digital transmission - cable TV - cable frequencies - co-axial cable for CATV - cable distribution system - cable decoders - wave traps and scrambling methods Module III (14 hours)Television Cameras and Picture Tube: Image orthicon, vidicon, plumbicon (Principle of operation, construction and working), TV picture tubes. Transmitter: Modulation system used to sound and various transmitter vestigial side bands. TV transmitter and receiver response characteristics.

7. Colour T.V. and Applications: Operation of colour T.V: Hue, saturation and luminance, Colour signal generation colour picture tubes (Basic principle) colour television systems, N.T.S.C., PAL and SECAM:Colour TV Receiver, Video tape recording, VCR, Merits of Digital Processing, Block Diagram of Digital T.V. receiver. HDTV, Concept of Plasma Screen

BOOKS RECOMMENDED1. Monochrome & Colour T.V. by R.R.Gulati.2. Basic Television by G.M.Grobe.Text books1. Gulati R.R., Modern Television Engineering, Wiley Eastern Ltd.2. Michael Robin & Michael Poulin, Digital Television Fundamentals, McGraw Hill3. Bernard Grob & Charles E. Herndon, Basic Television and Video Systems, McGraw HillInternationalReference books1. Dhake A.M., Television Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill2. Damacher P., Digital Broadcasting, IEE Telecommunications SeriesPre-requisites: Random Process, Information Theory, Linear Algebra.

OPERATING SYSTEMSoperating systems overview – process scheduling algorithms – deadlock – memory management algorithms – file system and security – Input output systems – interrupt service routines – device drivers – system programs – windows operating systems – client-server model – processes operating systems

د.زكى د. بابلى—د. فتحىDigital System Testing

Module IClocked logic circuits - Memory circuits - Reliability theory and designModule IIReferences-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Selected Topics in Electronics

Selected topics related to recent development in micro- and nano-electronics, Mems and mems technologies, Fault diagnosis: Fault models – fault equivalence – fault location fault dominance –single and

multiple stuck faults – Testing for single stuck faults – Algorithms – random test generation – Testing for bridging faults.Design for Testability: Ad-hoc design for testability techniques – Classical scan designs –Boundary scan standards – Built-in-self-test – Test pattern generation – BIST architecture examplesIntegrated circuit design, Computer aided design techniques and design automation. References:

Selected References, Manuals, Software, Packages.

Design for testabilityBehzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill, Inc, 2000

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Acoustics and Ultrasonics Engineering

Plane and spherical waves - Simple and compound sound sources - Dynamically analogous mechanical and acoustical circuits - Acoustic transducers - Loudspeakers; types and systems - Microphone; types and systems - Measurements of sound - Acoustics and Hearing - Acoustic environment outdoors - Acoustic environment indoors - Ultrasonic applications.

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Industrial Electronics

Data acquisition systems - Sensors - Signal conditioning - Digitizing - Microprocessor based systems - Memory interface - I/o interfaces - Applications in industry.

REMOTE CONTROL & TELEMETRY

Introduction : classification of telemetry systems - voltage, current, position, frequency and time. Components of telemetering and remote control systems. Quantization theory - sampling theorem, sample and hold, data conversion-coding.Multiplexing-time division multiplexers and demultiplexers-theory and circuits, scanning procedure; frequency division multiplexing with constant bandwidth and proportional bandwidth, demultiplexing.Data acquisition and distribution system. Fundamentals of audio-telemetry system - R.F. links. Telemetry design system. Standard for telemetry e.g. JRIG etc. Microwave links. Pulse code modulation (PCM) techniques. Practical telemetry system - pipe line telemetry, power system telemetry, supervisory telecontrol systems. Introduction to ISDN.Books:1. Swobada G - Telecontrol Method and Application of telemetering and remote control - Van Nostrand, 1971.2. Schwartz M - Information Transmission - Modulation & Noise - MGH, 1970.3. Gruenberg E L - Handbook of Telemetry and telecontrol - MGH, 674. Carley B A - Communication system - Introduction to signals and noise in electrical communications - MGH, Int. student. Edn.5. D Patranabis - Telemetry principles - Tata McGraw Hill

PROJECT MANAGEMENT & OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Project formalities - feasibility study and economic evaluation; UNI DO, OECD and RBI guidelines. Network based project management-graph-theoretic applications. CPM, PERT, GERT and DCPM activities. Scheduling with limited resources, cash scheduling to multi projects situation. Project monitoring and control. Project management under risk and uncertainty.Operations research-decision-making, development of OR. Linear programming; Formulating of LP models, graphical solution, simples method, duality theory and application. Transportation problem, Assignment problem. Waiting line models; elements of queuing models. Poisson arrival and exponential service time distribution, M/M/I Queue. Finite population models. Queuing art models. Applications. Simulation; modeling, use of random members, flow-chart development, Inventory Control-introduction, costs, deterministic and stochastic models, buffer stocks.Books:1. Hiller - Introduction to Operation Research 6th Edn. - TMH2. A Ravindran - Introduction to Operation Research - John Wiley, 1993.3. Panneerselvam, Production & Operations Management,PHI4. Taha - Operation Research, Pearson Education/PHI5. Kalavathy, Operation Research, Vikas6. Patel,Project Management, Vikas7. Juran - Quality Planning & Analysis 3rd End. - MGH8. R Kapoor - Computer Assited Decision Models - TMH, 19919. P Iyer - Engineering Project Management - Wheeler10. Adam & Ebert - Production & Operations Management: Concepts, Models and Behaviour 5th Edn. – PHI/ Pearson Education.