Gio Trnh Microsoft Access 2007

Chng 1: T ng quan v Microsof Access Chng 2: B ng d li u - Table Chng 3: Truy v n d li u - Query Chng 4: Bi u m u- Form Chng 5: Bo co - Report Chng 6: T p l nh - Macro Chng 7: Ty bi n bi u m u ho c bo co Chng 8: Ngn ng Visual Basic for Applications Chng 9: Mi tr ng ng d ng nhi u ng i dng Chng 10: Bi t p t ng h p Access G m 18 bi t p v i hn 100 cu h i: - Phan 1: Bi t p b ng - Phan 2: Bi t p truy v n - Phan 3: Bi t p v bi u m u - Phan 4: Bi t p v bo co Ph n th gin: V i tr chi ghp hnh, tm c p, tinh m t. gin: i hnh, M i chng u km Bai kiem tra kien th c !

Gio Trnh Microsoft Access 20071

MS Access - Bi 1: B t Access 2007

u v i Microsoft

Microsoft Office Button (bi u t ng hnh trn mu vng pha gc trn bn tri) th c thi r t nhi u ch c nng m c t th c n File trong cc phin b n Access c. Nt ny cho php b n t o m t c s d li u m i (New), m m t c s d li u t n t i (Open), lu (Save) v lu v i tn (Save as), in n (Print), Send hay Close.

Hnh 1: Microsoft Office Button Ribbon Ribbon l vng pha trn c a ti li u. N c 5 tab: Home, Create, External Data, Database Tools, v Datasheet. M i tab c tch thnh cc nhm. Cc nhm t p h p cc tnh nng thi t k th c thi cc ch c nng m b n s s d ng trong vi c pht tri n hay ch nh s a c s d li u Access.

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Hnh 2: Cc tab trong vng Ribbon Cc tnh nng ph bi n c hi n th trn vng Ribbon. th y cc tnh nng thm trong m i nhm, kch vo mi tn pha gc d i bn ph i m i nhm.

Hnh 3: V d tnh nng trong nhm Font Home: Views, Clipboard, Fonts, Rich Text, Records, Sort & Filter, Find. Create: Tables, Forms, Reports, Other. External Data: Import, Export, Collect Data, SharePoint Lists. Database Tools: Macro, Show/Hide, Analyze, Move Data, Database Tools. Quick Access Toolbar Quick Access Toolbar l thanh cng c ty ch nh ch a cc l nh m b n mu n s d ng. B n c th t Quick access toolbar pha trn hay d i vng ribbon. thay i v tr c a n, kch vo mi tn cu i d i thanh cng c v ch n Show Below the Ribbon. 3

Hnh 4: Quick Access Toolbar Vng Navigation Navigation hi n th cc i t ng c s d li u nh cc b ng, bi u m u, truy v n v reports.

Hnh 5: Navigation Pane Tabbed Document Window Viewing Tabbed document viewing m cc b ng, bi u m u, truy v n v reports trong cng c a s . Kch vo cc tab chuy n i gi a cc c a s .

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Hnh 6: Tabbed Document Window Viewing

Bi 2: Customize AccessAccess 2007 cung c p m t vng r ng cc ty ch n c th ty ch nh m cho php b n lm vi c v i Access t t hn. truy c p nh ng ty ch n ny: - Kch Office Button - Ch n Access Options

Hnh 1: Ch n Access Options Popular Nh ng tnh nng ny cho php b n xc nh mi tr ng lm vi c v i vi c s d ng ScreenTips, v tr v nh d ng file cho c s d li u, username.

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Hnh 2: Thi t l p tnh nng Popular Current Database Tnh nng ny cho php b n thi t l p cc ty ch n cho Application, Navigation, Ribbon v Toolbars, AutoCorrect, v Filters.

Hnh 3: Thi t l p tnh nng Current Database 6

Datasheet Tnh nng ny cho php b n xc nh cc ty ch n ring trong ch Default colors, Gridlines and cell effects v Default font. datasheet, bao g m

Hnh 4: Thi t l p tnh nng Datasheet Object Designers Tnh nng ny cho php b n ty ch nh cc ty ch n cho vi c t o v ch nh s a cc i t ng c s d li u trong Access bao g m Table Design, Query Design, Forms/Reports, v Error Checking.

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Hnh 5: Thi t l p tnh nng Object Designers Proofing Tnh nng ny cho php b n thay i cch Access t s d li u v cch n pht hi n l i. ng ch nh v nh d ng n i dung c a c

Hnh 6: Thi t l p tnh nng Proofing 8

Advanced Tnh nng ny cho php b n ty ch nh Printing v cc ty ch n cao c p khc m c cao c p trong Access, bao g m Editing, Display,

Hnh 7: Thi t l p tnh nng Advanced Customize Customize cho php b n thm cc tnh nng vo Quick Access Toolbar. N u c cng c cho php b n s d ng th ng xuyn, b n c th mu n thm chng vo Quick Access Toolbar.

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Hnh 8: Thi t l p tnh nng Customize

Bi 3: CcB ng (Table)

i t ng trong c s d

li u

Cc i t ng trong c s d li u bao g m b ng (tables), truy v n (queries), bo co (report), bi u m u (forms), ...

M t b ng l t p h p cc thng tin c t trong cc dng v c t. Thng tin v m t m c c hi n th trong m t dng. C t ch a thng tin cng lo i v i m i m c. B ng c dng u cho b n bi t d li u c ch a trong c t l g.

Hnh 1: V d v thng tin b ng xem d li u trong m t b ng: - Kch vo mi tn - Ch n m Navigation pane.

i t ng Tables. m b ng.

- Sau , kch p vo tn b ng

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Hnh 2: Xem d li u trong b ng Truy v n (Queries) Cc truy v n l a ch n cc b n ghi t m t hay nhi u b ng trong c s d li u, do v y m chng c th c xem, phn tch v lu tr ch datasheet. M t truy v n c th th c thi cc php ton v hi n th k t qu . T p h p cc k t qu c a cc b n ghi c g i l dynaset, c lu nh m t i t ng c s d li u v c th s d ng d dng. Truy v n s c c p nh p b t c khi no b ng g c c c p nh p. N u ki u truy v n l cc truy v n ch n l c (select queries) th trch d li u t cc b ng d a trn cc gi tr c th , ki u truy v n l find duplicate th hi n th cc b n ghi v i vi c sao chp cc gi tr i v i m t ho c nhi u tr ng c th , v ki u truy v n find unmatched hi n th cc b n ghi t m t b ng m khng c cc gi tr tng ng v i b ng th hai. th c thi m t truy v n: - Kch vo mi tn - Ch n m Navigation pane.

i t ng Queries.

- Kch p vo tn truy v n.

Hnh 3: V d v thi t k truy v n Recordset 11

Recordset l m t b ng m hi n th nhm cc b n ghi t m t b ng hay m t k t qu truy v n. Form M t Form l m t giao di n h a c s d ng hi n th v ch nh s a d li u. Forms c th c pht tri n t m t b ng hay m t truy v n. Forms g m cc php ton, h a v cc i t ng nh label, textbox, combobox, checkbox, ... xem d li u t m t form: - Kch mi tn - Ch n m Navigation pane.

i t ng Forms.

- Kch p vo tn form.

Hnh 4: Thng tin trn form Khch hng Bo co (Report) M t bo co l m t u ra c a d li u theo yu c u. Cc bo co c th th c thi cc php ton v hi n th k t qu . Cc bo co c s d ng in d li u. xem d li u s d ng m t bo co: - Kch mi tn - Ch n m Navigation pane.

i t ng Reports.

- Kch p vo tn bo co.

Hnh 5: V d v bo co 12

Bi 4: T o c s dB n c th t o m t c s d T o c s d li u m i u: li u m i t

li u m iu ho c t c s d li u wizard.

t o m t c s d li u m i t

- Kch ch n Microsoft Office Button. - Ch n New. - Ch n bi u t ng New Blank Database.

Hnh 1: T o c s d li u t New Blank Database - Nh p tn cho c s d li u vo ph n vng bn ph i ngay sau khi ch n New Blank Database. - Kch Create t o.

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Hnh 2: B c hon thnh t o Database m i Cc m u c s d li u

t o m t c s d li u m i t cc m u c s d li u: - Kch Microsoft Office Button. - Kch New. - Ch n m u c s d li u b n mu n t o.

Hnh 3: T o c s d li u t Templates - Nh p tn cho c s d li u. - Kch nt Download t o m t c s d li u m i t m u .

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Hnh 4: Hon thnh vi c t o Database t Templates

Bi 5: T o b ngTable Views C hai cch xem b ng trong Access v thm d Datasheet View. li u vo b ng: Design View v

Trong ch Design View, b n c th xem t t c cc tr ng v i cc ki u d li u v s m t v b ng (n u c).

xem b ng

ch

Design View:

- Kch mi tn xu ng c a nt View. - Ch n Design View. 15

i v i cc b ng m c thm vo c s d li u tr c th c th khng xem c (n u mu n xem th b n ch n tn b ng , kch chu t ph i vo b ng v ch n Design View).

Ch

Design view cho b ng DMKhach

Trong ch Datasheet View, b n c th hi n th cc b n ghi trong m t b ng, m i m t dng l m t b n ghi. Tiu c t l cc tr ng b n nh ngha cho c s d li u. xem ch Datasheet View: nt View.

- Kch vo mi tn xu ng - Ch n Datasheet View.

Ch

Datasheet View cho b ng DMKhach

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Thm cc tr ng m i C nhi u cch thm cc tr ng m i vo m t c s d li u. Cc tr ng m i c th trong ch Datasheet View ho c Design View. C hai cch thm m t tr ng m i trong ch Field Button. thm m t New Field trong Datasheet: - Kch c t Add New Field c thm

Datasheet View: Add New Field ho c New

thm m t tr ng m i s d ng nt New Field: - Kch tab Datasheet trn vng Ribbon. - Ch n nt New Field. - Ch n ki u tr ng b n mu n thm t c a s Field Templates.

thm m t tr ng m i trong ch

Design View: 17

- Kch nt Design View. - Kch vo tr ng s n c ti p theo. - Nh p tn tr ng vo c t Field Name.

Cc ki u d li u C nhi u ki u d li u m m t tr ng c th c xc nh. Khi t o m t tr ng m i trong c s d li u, b n nn t ki u d li u thch h p cho tr ng . B ng sau li t k cc ki u d li u cho cc tr ng: Ki u d Text Memo Number Date/Time Currency AutoNumber Yes/No OLE Object Hyperlink Attachment li u ngha Ki u vn b n, s , hay chu i khng qu 255 k t Tng t nh tr ng vn b n, c th ch a ki u text, s , hay d li u khng qu 2GB. Ki u s khng qu 16bytes Ki u ngy v gi Ki u ti n t khng qu 8bytes v chnh xc t i 4 s th p phn Access t o m t s duy nh t cho m i b n ghi m i. Th ng dng lm kha chnh cho b ng. Ki u logic ( ng/sai) Ki u nhng v k t n i i t ng (hnh nh, ti li u, 2GB a ch siu lien k t nh cc a ch Web h a) khng qu

nh km nh nh, b ng tnh, ti li u v bi u

Ch nh s a ki u d li u trong tr ng Khi t o cc b ng, b n nn xc m c xc nh cho tr ng. nh cc ki u d li u c a b ng sao cho ph h p v i ki u d li u

ch nh s a ki u d li u trong Datasheet View: - Kch tr ng b n mu n xc nh.

- Ch n tab Datasheet trn vng Ribbon. - Kch mi tn xu ng pha bn ph i Data Type. 18

- Ch n ki u d li u m s xc

nh cho tr ng .

ch nh s a

nh d ng c a d li u: nh d ng.

- Kch tr ng b n mu n

- Ch n tab Datasheet trn Ribbon. - Ch n mi tn pha bn ph i Format v ch n ki u nh d ng ph h p.

ch nh s a Data Type trong ch - Ch n Design View - Ch n tn tr ng b n mu n - Kch Data Type. - Ch n Data Type thch h p. -

Design View:

nh ngha hay t o m t tr ng m i.

nh d ng tr ng trong h p tho i Field Properties.

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Bi 6: Qu n l b ngTrong vi c qu n l b ng, chng ta c th xa b ng, i tn, v t o cc m t v b ng sao cho ph h p v i n i dung ch a trong b ng d li u. Xa b ng xa b ng: - M c d d li u b n mu n b ng cch kch Microsoft Office Button v ch n Open. - Kch ph i vo b ng v ch n Delete.

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i tn b ng i tn m t b ng: - M c s d li u t Microsoft Office Button v kch Open. - Kch ph i vo b ng v ch n Rename. - Nh p tn m i.

Thm ph n m t cho b ng thm ph n m t cho b ng: - M c s d li u b ng cch kch Microsoft Office Button v ch n Open. - Kch ph i vo b ng v ch n Table Properties.

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- Kch vo vng Description. - Nh p ph n m t .

Bi 7: KhaKha chnh Kha chnh l m t nh danh duy nh t cho m t b n ghi. Kha chnh khng th cng t n t i c hai b n ghi. Tr ng ny c th khng khng bao gi c tr ng

Kha ghp

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M t kha ghp l m t kha chnh m bao g m hai ho c nhi u tr ng. N cng c th l kha rng bu c. Kha ngo i

cg i

M t kha ngo i l m t tr ng hay s k t h p cc tr ng c lin quan t i kha chnh c a b ng khc.

Bi 8: Thi t l p quan h gi a cc b ngM i quan h gi a cc b ng l s lin k t d li u gi a cc b ng. B ng cch xc nh m i quan h b ng, b n c th ko cc b n ghi t cc b ng c lin quan d a trn cc tr ng quan h .

Quan h m t-m t Quan h m t-m t l quan h gi a hai b ng m c thi t l p khi tr ng quan h u l kha chnh c hai b ng. M i b n ghi trong b ng A ch c th c m t b n ghi ph h p trong b ng B.

Quan h m t - m t Quan h m t - nhi u Quan h m t nhi u l quan h gi a hai b ng m kha chnh trong m t b ng c th c sao chp nhi u l n trong b ng khc ho c c th hi u l m t b n ghi trong b ng A ch c th c nhi u b n ghi ph h p trong b ng B, nhng m t b n ghi trong b ng B ch c m t b n ghi ph h p trong b ng A.

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Quan h m t - nhi u T o m i quan h b ng t o m i quan h gi a cc b ng: - Kch vo tab Database Tools trn vng Ribbon - Ch n nt Relationships

- Kch vo tab Design - Ch n Show Table

L a ch n cc b ng mu n t o quan h - Kch nt Add - Kch nt Close thm cc b ng t t c a s Show Table.

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- Ch n tr ng b n mu n

t o m t m i quan h t

- Ko m t tr ng ghp v i tr ng quan h trong b ng khc - Kch OK.

In m i quan h b ng - Kch tab Database Tools. - Kch nt Relationships. - Kch nt Relationship Report trn tab Design. 25

- Kch nt Print.

Bi 9: Qu n l dThm b n ghi vo b ng thm m t b n ghi m i vo b ng: - M b ng ch Datasheet View

li u

d li u hi n th m t cch linh ho t v ng theo yu c u c a b n. Trong bi ny, chng ti xin gi i thi u m t s cch c b n qu n l d li u cho c s d li u.

- Kch vo (New) - Nh p b n ghi m i

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Tm v Thay th d tm d li u:

li u

- Kch nt Find trn tab Home.

tm v thay th d li u: - Kch nt Replace trn tab Home.

Khi b n tm ki m v thay th cho d li u, c m t s ty ch n trong h p tho i Find c th s d ng:

M c Find What Danh sch trong m c Look In Danh sch trong m c Match Danh sch trong m c Search H p ch n Match Case Totals

Nh p d li u m b n mu n tm S d ng xc nh b ng hay c t tm ki m d li u

Gip b n gi i h n vi c tm ki m trong m t tr ng hay ph n u c a m t tr ng Gip b n xc nh h ng tm ki m xc nh tm ki m theo ch hoa

S d ng h p ch n ny hay ch th ng.

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Nt Totals cung c p cho b n thm m t dng tnh t ng vo c s d li u. Total c th l sum (t ng), average (trung bnh), a count ( m), minimum (c c ti u), maximum (c c i), ho c variance (khc nhau). thi t l p m t dng Total: - Kch nt Totals trn tab Home

- Kch mi tn xu ng c a ni b n mu n - Ch n Totals ph h p.

t m t Totals

S p x p cc b n ghi B n c th s p x p cc b n ghi trong datasheet theo m t c t ho c hai c t li n nhau. cc b n ghi theo m t c t: - L a ch n tr ng b n mu n s p x p - Kch vo nt Sort Ascending ho c Sort Descending. s px p

s p x p hai c t: - Di chuy n cc c t sao cho chng st nhau 28

- L a ch n cc c t

s p x p b ng cch n phm Shift v kch chu t vo cc c t

- Kch nt Sort Ascending ho c Sort Descending.

xa b s p x p: - Kch nt Clear Soft

Filter (l c) B n c th l c cc b n ghi - M c s d li u ch hi n th chng theo mong mu n. Datasheet View l c theo m t c t:

- Kch vo mi tn h ng xu ng trong tn tr ng - Ch n tiu chu n l c thch h p - Kch OK.

g b Filter: 29

- Kch nt Filter trn nhn tr ng - Kch Clear Filter - Kch OK.

Bi 10: Truy v n c s dTruy v n cho php b n l a ch n v l c d lu v s d ng b t c lc no c n thi t. Truy v n Wizard Query Wizard s gi i thi u t ng b c d ng Query Wizard: - Kch tab Create - Kch nt Query Wizard

li u c

li u t nhi u b ng. Cc truy v n c th

xy d ng m t truy v n.

th c thi m t truy v n s

- Ch n ki u truy v n b n mu n th c thi - Kch OK.

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- Ch n cc tr ng b n mu n c trong m i b ng b ng cch ch n tr ng v kch nt l a ch n cc tr ng t nhi u b ng khc nhau, kch vo mi tn xu ng c a Table/Queries

- Kch Next.

Hon thnh Query wizard - Nh p tn cho truy v n - Kch Finish.

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- K t qu truy v n s hi n th nh sau:

chuy n

i gi a b ng v truy v n:

- M Navigation Pane - Kch p vo tn b ng ho c truy v n xem.

Tnh nng thi t k truy v n 32

B n c th thi t k m t truy v n v i nt Query Design. Design: - Kch nt Query Design trn tab Create.

thi t k m t truy v n s d ng Query

- H p tho i Show Table xu t hi n cho php b n l a ch n b ng - Kch Add thm b ng v kch nt Close ng h p tho i Show Table

- Kch p vo tn tr ng b n mu n n xu t hi n trong l i thi t k - L p l i b c trn i v i cc tr ng khc

- Kch nt Run

th c thi truy v n.

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Thi t k truy v n km theo cc i u ki n Tiu chu n truy v n l s ki m tm cc i u ki n c s d ng trong truy v n l y d li u. B n c th thi t l p tiu chu n l m t s c th hay chu i d li u, hay vng d li u. value = < >= Between X And Y Is Null And Or Not Ch hi n th b n ghi ph h p v i gi tr chnh xc (thay th t value b ng t b n mu n tm) B ng Nh hn Nh hn ho c b ng L n hn L n hn ho c b ng Khc nhau Trong m t kho ng (l y gi tr trong kho ng gi a X v Y) Gi tr Null Ch ng n u i u ki n t n t i

ng n u m t trong hai i u ki n t n t i ng n u 1 tr ng h p khng ng

t o i u ki n cho truy v n: - Kch vo truy v n b n mu n thm i u ki n - Nh p i u ki n truy v n cho trong m c Criteria

- Sau kch nt Run

th c thi truy v n.

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Bi 11: Tr ng tnh tonTr ng tnh ton l m t tr ng m nh n c thng tin c a n t s tnh ton c th c hi n trn cc tr ng khc. B n c th xy d ng mi n k t qu tnh ton trong mn hnh Query b ng cch s d ng php c ng (+), tr (-), nhn (*) v chia (/). Bi u th c Bi u th c l s k t h p cc hm, tn tr ng, s , vn b n, v cc php ton c li t k pha trn. xy d ng m t bi u th c t o m t tr ng tnh ton: u m t truy v n m i

- M m t truy v n c s n ho c b t - Kch vo nt View - Kch ch n ch Design View.

- Trong Query, kch ph i vo tr ng m b n mu n t o php ton - Kch nt Build.

- Ch n b ng m b n mu n

xy d ng php ton t

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- Kch p vo tr ng m b n mu n g p n trong php ton - Ch n ton t m b n mu n c trong php ton - Kch vo tr ng th hai b n mu n g p trong php ton - Kch OK.

- Kch nt Run

th c thi.

Zoom H p tho i Zoom cho php b n xem ton b bi u th c. - Trong ch - Kch Zoom. xem h p tho i Zoom:

Design View, kch ph i vo tr ng b n mu n hi n th .

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Bi 12:Thi t k FormsForms cho php b n i u khi n giao di n c a mn hnh nh p d c t o ra. Form Views C 3 cch Design View Form View Layout View T o form B n c th t o m t Form t m t b ng hay m t truy v n. - Kch tab Create - Kch nt Form Design t o m t Form: xem Forms trong Access: Cho php b n thi t k Form bao g m header, footer v cc chi ti t trong Form. B n cng c th thm hnh nh v cc i u khi n xu t hi n trn Form. y l m t trang ng cho php ng i dng nh p v ch nh s a d li u ho c i u ch nh d li u trong m t lnh v c. Cch xem ny cho php b n thi t k Form v thao tc d li u. li u v cc bo co

- Kch tab Format - Kch vo nt Add Existing Fields - Trong h p Field List pha bn ph i, kch v ko cc tr ng b n mu n ln Form

-

thay

i mu s c v font, kch nt Property Sheet trn tab Arrange 37

Ch nh s a cc thu c tnh trong h p tho i Property Sheet - Ch n Section b n mu n ch nh s a - Ch n thu c tnh b n mu n ch nh s a

xem tr c Form: - Kch nt Views trn tab Home - Kch nt Form View 38

Form Wizard B n c th t o Form v i s tr gip t Form Wizard. s d ng Form Wizard:

- Trn tab Create, kch vo mi tn xu ng ch More Forms - Kch Form Wizard.

- Ch n Tables/Queries m b n mu n c trn Form - Ch n cc tr ng b n mu n cho ln Forms - Kch Next.

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- Ch n cch b tr cho form - Kch Next.

- Ch n ki u - Kch Next.

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- T o tiu

cho Form m Form hay ch nh s a thi t k Form.

- Ch n ni b n mu n - Kch Finish.

Bi 13: T o Reports (bo co)Reports (bo co) l m t cch th c xem v phn tch m t s l ng l n d B n c th s d ng Report Wizard hay t o m t bo co ty m b n c n. li u.

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Report Views Reports c th Design View Report View Layout View Print Preview thay i ch c hi n th theo 4 ch sau:

Ch Design View cung c p cho b n v i c u trc c a bo co. B n c th thm, ch nh s a hay xa cc thnh ph n c a report. Nhng b n khng th thao tc d li u trong nhi u b ng c k t h p v i bo co. Report View cho php b n xem d li u t b ng nhng khng thay b tr c a bo co. i cch

Ch ny cho php b n xem d li u t b ng v c th thm, ch nh s a, xa cc thnh ph n c a bo co. Print Preview cho php b n xem bo co s trng nh th no khi c in ra. xem bo co:

- Kch vo nt View trn tab Home

T o m t Report t o m t bo co tr ng: - Kch nt Blank Report trn tab Create

- Kch nt Add Existing Fields - T danh sch cc tr ng, kch v ko cc tr ng ln bo co

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Report Wizard t o m t bo co s d ng Report Wizard: - Trn tab Create, kch nt Report Wizard

- Ch n Tables/Queries m b n mu n c trn bo co - Ch n cc tr ng b n mu n cho ln bo co r i n nt > (n u b n ch n t ng tr ng) ho c n nt >> (n u b n ch n t t c cc tr ng). - Kch Next

- Ch n s p x p theo th t cho bo co - Kch Next 43

- Ch n cch b tr (Layout) v - Sau kch Next

nh h ng quay ngang hay d c (Orientation) cho bo co

- Ch n ki u cho bo co - Kch Next

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- T o m t tiu

cho bo co xem (Preview the report) ho c ch nh s a bo co

- Ch n cch b n mu n m bo co (Modify the reports design) - Kch Finish

Tr ng tnh ton B n c th t o cc bo co m trong c c tr ng tnh ton. Nh ng bo co ny s hi n th thng tin m b n mu n v i m t php ton s h c. thm m t tr ng tnh ton vo bo co: - M Report b n mu n t o thm tr ng tnh ton 45

- Kch nt View - Kch Design View - Kch tab Design - Kch nt Text Box

- Kch vo ph n trn bo co, ni b n mu n - Kch nt Property Sheet

nh v textbox

- Kch tab Data - Kch vo nt pha bn ph i c a Control Source c k hi u ba ch m

46

- Chn thm cc tr ng b n mu n c trong tnh ton - Kch OK.

Bi 14: In bo coSau khi b n t o m t bo co, b n c th in bo co. In bo co in bo co: - L a ch n bo co b n mu n in 47

- Kch ph i vo tn bo co - Kch Print Rreview

- Ch n b c c, l v kch th c gi y ph h p trong nhm Page Layout

- Sau kch Print - Kch OK.

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Bi 15: T o m t b ng t

ban

u

ph n ny, b n s n sng t o m t b ng cho c s d li u m i. Trong chng 2, b n s d ng Table Wizard t o b ng m t cch d dng. Cch ny khng ch a ra r ng vi c t o b ng b ng tay l r t kh; nhng n l cch ch c ch n hi u r v b ng. Trong ph n cn l i c a chng ny, b n s h c cch pht tri n b ng khng thng qua vi c s d ng Table Wizard. Trong qu trnh lm ph n ny, b n s s d ng cc thng tin c h c chng 3, Ty bi n cc thnh ph n. B ng ny s ch a m t danh sch cc khch hng (N u b n khng ph i l m t doanh nghi p, th gi s lm nh v y). B n cng c th s d ng Table Wizard xy d ng b ng, nhng k t qu g n nh khng c th a mn t i nhu c u c a b n nh t o b ng b ng tay. t o m t b ng, b n c n tr i qua cc giai o n: thi t k v s p x p b ng. Ph n sau s miu t chi ti t cc giai o n . Giai o n thi t k B n t khi s d ng my tnh trong su t qu trnh thi t k . Thay vo , ch c n m t chi c bt ch v t gi y, b n quy t nh thng tin no c trong c s d li u. M t cch c th , b n quy t nh d li u no c n ki m tra v cc c i m (ki u d li u, cc nh d ng, ). C r t nhi u sch t i cc c a hng ni v khi ni m v cch th c hnh c a vi c thi t k c s d li u, tuy nhin b n khng c n c chng thi t k m t c s d li u n gi n. T t c nh ng th c n l t h i mnh (v tr l i) nh ng cu h i sau:

Ti nn g i b ng l g? Ph n d li u no m ti c n ch a? Ki u d li u no l ph h p nh t cho m i ph n d li u? Khng gian lu tr bao nhiu l ph h p cho m i ph n d li u? Lm cch no s p x p cc ph n d li u? C c n m t kha duy nh t (kha chnh) cho d li u?

C r t nhi u cu h i khc b n c th t t ra cho mnh. Th c t , b n c th t p h p l i cc thng tin chi ti t tr c khi ng i tr c my tnh. Nhng n u b n ch tr l i c t trong s nh ng cu h i trn, b n hy s d ng cch t o b ng th nh t. M u thi t k b ng Nh c p trong ph n tr c, cch t t nh t thi t k b ng l b ng m t chi c bt ch v gi y. V i ngh , b n c th t o m t m u thi t k b ng s d ng nh khi lm vi c trn b n thi t k . Hnh 1 miu t v d nh m u

Hnh 1: M u thi t k b ng 49

u tin b n nn xc nh tn cho b ng. Do b ng ny ch a m t danh sch cc khch hng doanh nghi p, nn s d ng Business Customers l tn b ng. Vi t tn pha trn m u thi t k . L p k ho ch cc Table Fields Trn trang tnh c a gi y, vi t tn c a cc tr ng b n thch s d ng trong b ng. Khng c n ch n th t c a chng . i v i cc tn tr ng, b n c th g m tn cng ty, a ch (c 2 dng a ch dnh cho a ch di v nh ng b s ), s i n tho i, s fax, tn giao ti p, B ng 1 trnh by danh sch cc tn tr ng m b n c th s d ng cho b ng Business Customers. N u cha lm c, b n nn nh p m i tn tr ng trong m u thi t k b ng. Thng th ng b n nn nh p tn tr ng m b n vi t. Tuy nhin, do c s d li u c a b n ghp n i v d c trnh by trong lo t bi ny, s d ng duy nh t tn tr ng c li t k trong b ng 1. Tn tr ng Company Name Address 1 Address 2 City State Zip Code Main Phone Fax Number Account Number Salesperson Credit Limit Account Opened Last Order Active Contact ngha Tn cng ty Dng Dng a ch u tin

a ch th hai

Tn Thnh ph Qu n/Huy n M bu i n S i n tho i cho cng ty t ng i

S Fax M s khch hng Ng i qu n l ti kho n S l ng ti kho n c th mua Ngy ti kho n c thi t l p Ngy mua cu i cng Ch r n u y l ti kho n cn ho t ng hay khng ho t ng Tn giao d ch c a cng ty i n tho i lin h ghi l i

Contact Phone S Comments

Nh ng lu c n thi t

B ng 1: Cc tn tr ng cho b ng Business Customers Ch n ki u d li u

50

M t ki u d li u c a tr ng ch r ki u gi tr m tr ng gi , nh gi tr date, text hay currency (ti n t ). B c ti p theo trong vi c xc nh b ng l quy t nh ki u d li u cho tr ng. B ng 2 li t k cc ki u d li u trong Access Ki u d li u ngha Access s t ng i n cc s theo th t m i khi thm b n ghi. S chnh xc t i 15 s th p phn pha bn tri d u th p phn v 4 s pha bn ph i. S tng ng v i ngy ho c th i gian trong kho ng 100 n 9999 nm. M t a ch lin k t t i cc ti li u, URL ho c cc v tr trong ti li u Chu i vn b n c t M t gi tr s . Cc i t ng nh o n m thanh ho c hnh nh G m nhi u k t , ng ho c sai. di t i a 255 k t . di ln t i 64000 k

AutoNumber S t ng Currency Ki u ti n t Date/Time Ki u ngy thng Hyperlink Memo Ki u ghi nh Number Ki u s OLE Object Text Ki u vn b n Yes/No Ki u logic

B ng 2: Cc ki u d li u c h tr b i Access H u h t cc tr ng trong b ng s s d ng ki u d li u l Text. Nhng i v i m t vi tr ng, b n s ph i ch n ki u d li u thch h p. V d , b n nn s d ng ki u d li u Yes/No cho tr ng Active, ki u Date/Time cho tr ng Date Opened v Last Order, ki u Memo cho tr ng Comments. B ng 3 li t k cc ki u d li u b n nn s d ng cho m i tr ng trong b ng. B n nn vi t cc ki u d li u trong c t Type of Data c a m u thi t k b ng. Tn tr ng Company Name Address 1 Address 2 City State Zip Code Main Phone Fax Number Ki u d Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text 51 li u

Account Number Salesperson Credit Limit Account Opened Last Order Active Contact Contact Phone Comments

AutoNumber Text Currency Date/Time Date/Time Yes/No Text Text Memo

B ng 3: Cc ki u d li u cho cc tr ng trong b ng Business Customers Ch r ng b ng 3 gn ki u AutoNumber cho tr ng Account Number. B i v Access t ng tnh ton ki u d li u ny v i m i b n ghi m i n t gn m khch hng, b n c th b qua vi c t ng c a Access t gn s ti kho n khch hng. Xc nh di c a tr ng

b ng 2, m t tr ng vn b n c th ln t i 255 k t , m t tr ng Memo (ki u ghi nh ) c di t i a 64.000 k t . B c ti p theo trong vi c thi t k b ng l xc nh di cho cc tr ng. i v i m t vi tr ng, b n khng c n ph i lm vi c ny. V d , khng c n xc nh di cho tr ng Credit Limit cng nh Active b i v ki u d li u c a chng khng ph thu c di. Tuy nhin, b n ph i xc nh di cho t t c cc tr ng khc. xc nh di l n nh t c a tr ng m t cch thch h p, b n c n bi t r d li u c ch a trong b ng. V d , b n c n bi t r ng s c n duy tr m bu i n c a khch hng l 5 s hay 9 s . Tng t nh v y, b n nn bi t c n bao nhiu ch cho tr ng Company Name v Address. N u b n bi t r d li u c a mnh, c th ch n di ph h p nh t cho tr ng. M c d Access lun cho php b n thay i di tr ng, th m ch sau khi b t u nh p d li u vo trong b ng, b n nn xem kho ng d li u trnh lm h ng v nhn b n lm vi c sau ny. B ng 4 li t k di t i a c a cc tr ng trong b ng Business Customers. Tn tr ng Company Name Address 1 Address 2 City State Zip Code Main Phone Fax Number Account Number 35 40 40 25 2 9 10 10 khng c n 52 di t i a

Salesperson Credit Limit Account Opened Last Order Active Contact Contact Phone Comments B ng 4: Th t cc tr ng

35 khng c n khng c n khng c n khng c n 35 10 khng c n

di cc tr ng c a b ng Business Customers

Vi c cu i cng, b n c n quy t thi t k b ng.

nh th t tr ng xu t hi n trong b ng v ch r th t trn m u

Ch , u qu trnh thi t k b n nn vi t cc tr ng theo th t m chng xu t hi n trong u b n. B i v th t cc tr ng (gi ng nh l a ch n di c a tr ng) l m t qu trnh c b n v c n thi t cho vi c t ch c b ng c a b n, bnh th ng th c th t cc tr ng theo th t xu t hi n. Th t trong c t c a m u thi t k b ng nn t l 1 cho tr ng u tin, 2 cho tr ng th hai, Tuy nhin, m c ch c a chng ti y l s d ng th t thng tin ny vo c t Th t c a m u thi t k b ng. Tn tr ng Company Name Address 1 Address 2 City State Zip Code Main Phone Fax Number Account Number Salesperson Credit Limit Account Opened Last Order Active Th 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 16 13 12 14 15 53 c ch nh trong b ng 5. Nh p

t

Contact Contact Phone Comments

10 11 17

B ng 5: Th t cc tr ng cho b ng Business Customers Tr c khi nh p thng tin m u thi t k b ng vo Access, b n nn quy t nh s d ng m t kha chnh cho b ng. chng 2 b n h c cch s d ng kha chnh s p x p cc b n ghi v nh v chng nhanh hn. Kha chnh tiu bi u l m t gi tr duy nh t (ngha l khng c b n ghi trng trong b ng). Trong b ng Business Customers, c nhi u tr ng b n c th s d ng lm kha. V d , c th s d ng tr ng Company Name lm kha chnh. Tuy nhin, cng c th c 2 tn cng ty trng tn nhau, v b n c n c kha khc l duy nh t. N u b n khng th tm th y kha khc, th c th s d ng tr ng Company Name v ch cho php c hai tn gi ng nhau. B n cng nn s d ng tr ng Account Number l kha. Theo nh ngha, s ny ng l duy nh t. Lu , Access t ng t o cc m cho b n s d ng tr ng AutoNumber. B i v Accout Number th ng l duy nh t, v n s l m t kha chnh h p l. nh c nh chnh b n r ng tr ng Account Number s l kha chnh, khoanh trn s tr ng (1) trong c t Th t c a m u thi t k b ng. Giai o n trnh by Sau khi hon thnh vi c thi t k b ng, b n s n sng s d ng Access. V i m u thi t k b ng trong tay, b n c th nhanh chng v d dng s p x p c s d li u. T t c nh ng vi c c n lm l nh p thng tin theo th t t m u thi t k b ng t i c a s Design view. t o b ng Business Customers, th c hi n cc b c sau: 1. N u c n thi t, m Access v vo c s d li u Customer. chng ny. y l c s d li u c t o u

2. T c a s Database, ch n nt Tables. B n s th y cha c b ng no c li t k v chng cha c t o 3. Kch hnh 2. p chu t vo Create Table in Design View. Access hi n th c a s Design view nh

Hnh 2: C a s Design view.

54

chng 3, b n h c cch s d ng c a s Design view thay i cch s p x p b ng hi n t i. By gi b n s d ng n t o m t b ng m i. Trong tr ng h p ny, c a s Design view l hon ton tr ng. Ch l con tr nh p nhy dng u tin trong c t Field Name. Acess s n sng cho b n b tr b ng. b t u, nh p tn tr ng u tin trong th t b ng: tr ng Account Number, Nh p Account Number, sau n phm Enter. Sau khi Access ch p nh n tn tr ng, con tr di chuy n t i c t Data Type. C a s Design view by gi trng nh hnh 3. Ch r ng Access gi thi t tr ng ny l m t tr ng vn b n v m c nh nh ng thu c tnh cho ki u d li u Text xu t hi n pha d i c a s Design view.

Hnh 3: C a s Design view sau khi nh p tn tr ng

u tin.

Trong m u thi t k b ng, b n ch nh ki u d li u tr ng Account Number l AutoNumber. thay i ki u d li u c a tr ng, kch chu t vo mi tn pha bn ph i c a Data Type. L n l t, Access hi n th m t danh sch x xu ng c a ki u d li u. Kch chu t ch n AutoNumber. s hi n th ngay ki u d li u AutoNumber cho tr ng Account Number. C a s Design view gi ng hnh 4. ng th i, cng v i vi c thay i ki u d li u, Access thay i cc thu c tnh c a tr ng.

Hnh 4: C a s Design view sau khi thay

i ki u d li u

55

Khi b n n phm ENTER, con tr di chuy n t i c t Description. B n c th nh p nh ng l i ch thch cho tr ng . i v i tr ng Account Number, c th g m m t l i ch thch nh c nh b n ho c ng i dng khc r ng tr ng ny l kha chnh. Khi n phm ENTER m t l n n a, Access chuy n t i dng ti p theo trong c t Field Name. Nh p tn tr ng th hai (Company Name) v l a ch n ki u d li u. Th c hi n cng vi c ny cho n khi b n nh p cc thng tin cho tr ng cu i cng. Tr c khi chuy n kh i dng ch a tr ng Company Name, hy nhn xu ng ph n cc thu c tnh pha d i c a s Design view (hnh 5). Nh ng thu c tnh m c nh cho ki u d li u Text. Ch , Access thi t l p thu c tnh Field Size l 50.

Hnh 5: C a s Design view sau khi xc

nh ki u d li u cho tr ng th hai.

Khi b n xc nh m u thi t k b ng m di ch c n 35, hy i u ch nh thu c tnh Filed Size. S d ng chu t l a ch n thu c tnh Field Size v thay i thnh 35. Sau dng chu t tr l i c t Field Name, trong dng th ba nh p ti p tn tr ng ti p theo. Ti p t c v nh p t t c 17 tr ng cho b ng Business Customers. Khi nh p m i tr ng vo trong b ng, ph i ch c l b n thi t l p thu c tnh DataType v thay i Field Size cho h p l. Khi hon thnh, c a s Design view xu t hi n nh hnh 6.

Hnh 6: C a s Design view sau khi nh p tr ng cu i cng. 56

Sau khi hon thnh t t c cc tr ng, b n ph i xc nh kha chnh. lm c i u ny, cu n thi t k b ng ln trn cho n khi b n nhn th y tr ng Account Number trn mn hnh. L a ch n tr ng v kch chu t vo cng c Set Primary Key. Access hi n th m t kha trong vng xm pha bn tri dng Account Number (hnh 7).

Hnh 7: C a s Design view sau khi hon t t. By gi b n hon thnh ton b b ng, v mu n lu n l i. lu b ng, cch n gi n l ng c a s Design view b ng cch kch chu t vo nt Close pha trn gc bn ph i c a s . Tr c khi ng, Access h i n u b n mu n lu b ng ny (hnh 8).

Hnh 8: Access h i xem b n c mu n lu b ng khng lu, kch chu t vo nt Yes. Access s l i h i b n xc nh tn cho b ng, hnh 9.

Hnh 9:

t tn cho b ng s

c lu.

Nh p tn b n vi t pha trn m u thi t k : Business Custormers. Nh p ENTER ho c kch nt OK lu b ng d i tn .

57

Bi 16: Ki m tra cch trnh by c a b nSau khi nh r c cch b tr b ng, b n c n ki m tra v c i ti n b ng. B n c th lm i u ny m t cch d dng b ng cch s d ng ch Datasheet cho b ng. Hi n th ch Datasheet cho b ng Business (n u b n c n gip , tr l i chng 2). B n s th y m t Datasheet tr ng nh hnh 1.

Hnh 1: Ch

Datasheet cho b ng Business Customers.

Ph i m t m t lc ch Datasheet xu t hi n. N u cc tn tr ng khng xu t hi n ng nh b n t, hy chuy n t i c a s Design view v th c hi n thay i t i nh ng thu c tnh Caption c a cc tr ng c nhn khng th a mn. (B n c th nh l i t chng 3 r ng Access hi n th thu c tnh Caption pha u m i c t Datasheet). chuy n gi a ch Datasheet v Design view, s d ng bi u t ng ngoi cng bn tri trn thanh cng c . l cch c i ti n l i b ng, b n nh p thng tin vo ch Datasheet. Sau , chuy n t i c a s Design view th c hi n thay i. Khi thay i hon thnh, tr l i ch Datasheet ti p t c nh p thng tin. Ti n trnh l p i l p l i gip b n nhanh chng th c hi n b ng t yu c u t t nh t. V i b ng thi t k trong b ng 1. hon thnh, nh p m t b n ghi. V i b n ghi u tin, s d ng thng tin

Tn tr ng Account Number Company Name Address 1 Address 2 City State Zip Code Main Phone Fax Number

Gi tr Access t ng i n

Birch Enterprises 3456 Maple Lane PO Box 549 Kansas City MO 64133 8162375632 8162375633 58

Contact Contact Phone Account Opened Credit Limit Last Order Active Salesperson Comments

Ed Birch

3/2/99 1500 7/8/99 Yes (select the check box) John Davis

B ng 1: Thng tin cho b n ghi

u tin.

Khi nh p thng tin, b n c th a ra m t cch lm d li u nh p d dng hn. V d , nh p s i n tho i s d hn n u b n thi t l p thu c tnh Input Mask cho tr ng s i n tho i. Tr l i c a s Design view v ch n tr ng s i n tho i u tin (Main Phone). Thi t l p thu c tnh Input Mask (m t n nh p li u) cho tr ng ny theo cc b c sau: 1. Kch chu t vo h p Input Mask pha d i c a s Design view. B n s th y bi u t ng Builder (m t nt c 3 d u ch m) xu t hi n pha bn ph i h p. 2. Kch chu t vo bi u t ng Builder. B n th y h p tho i Input Mask Wizard xu t hi n. L a ch n m c Input Mask l Phone Number (hnh 2)

Hnh 2: H p tho i Input Mask Wizard N u mu n s d ng m t n nh p li u cho cc s ti p t c hi n th nh hnh 3. i n tho i, kch chu t vo nt Next. H p tho i

59

Hnh 3: B n c th thay 1. N u b n mu n, hy thay d u g ch chn).

i v tr cc k t

h p tho i ny nh l

i d u ngn cch m input mask s s d ng (th ng m c

2. Kch chu t vo nt Next. H p thoai hi n th nh hnh 4.

Hnh 4: B n c th thay

i cch Access lu gi thng tin

h p tho i ny.

1. Ch r cch b n mu n Access gi thng tin c lu thng qua m t n nh p li u. C th lu s i n tho i b ng vi c nh d ng cc k t ho c khng (m c nh). di tr ng cho s i n tho i th ng l 10 k t , b n nn lu gi tr khng dng nh d ng cc k t . 2. Kch chu t vo nt Next. Access hi n th h p tho i cu i cng nh hnh

60

Hnh 5: H p tho i cu i cng c a Input Mask Wizard. Kch chu t vo nt Finish. Sau , Access s c p nh t thu c tnh Input Mask trong c a s Design view v n xu t hi n nh sau: !(999)000-0000;;_ B n c th l p l i t b c 1 t i b c 8 cho m i tr ng i n tho i khc nhau. Khi thot kh i thu c tnh Input Mask, ch r ng Access nh d ng l i d u nh sau: !\(999)000\-0000;;_ Access thm cc k t b i v y m m t n thch h p v i nh ng c i m bn trong n. p l i, Access h i

Khi hon thnh m t n nh p li u, kch chu t vo cng c Datasheet view. b n n u mu n lu s thay i s p x p b ng (hnh 6).

Hnh 6: Access h i b n n u mu n lu s thay Kch chu t vo Yes th y c k t qu . lu v tr l i ch

i.

Datasheet. B n c th nh p b n ghi khc ngay

Bi 17: Tm t t chng 4M c d Access cung c p nhi u cng c khc nhau (nh Wizards) nhng b n khng c n s d ng nh ng cng c ny t o m t c s d li u. Thay vo , b n c th t o b ng tay v c i t o b ng lm vi c t t hn. Khi lm vi c v i Access theo cch ny, b n s c 61

nhi u ki n th c hn v cc tnh nng c a n v cch s d ng chng. Trong chng ny, b n khai thc b ng tay v c i ti n m t c s d li u. Tr c khi chuy n sang chng 5, ph i ch c ch n b n hi u c cc n i dung sau: Thi t k m t b ng ph thu c vo k ho ch c a b n. C n lm nh v y m b n qu n l, cng nh cc c i m c a d li u. S d ng thi t k b ng theo m u thi t k b ng d hn. ch r cch s p x p b ng. i ki u d li u v thu c tnh m xem xt d li u no

Khi t o b ng b ng tay, s d ng c a s Design view

Khi nh p cc tr ng vo c a s Design view, b n c n thay Access nh v tr c.

Qu trnh c i ti n vi c s p x p b ng l s l p i l p l i theo t nhin. N i h i lm vi c lun phin c ch Datasheet v Design view, l p i l p l i vi c chuy n i t m t c a s t i c a s khc cho n khi vi c thi t k hon thnh. Khi lm vi c trong ch Datasheet, b n nn tm nhi u cch hon thi n vi c s p x p b ng. Chuy n i t i c a s Design view th c hi n thay i v tr l i ch Datasheet ki m tra nh ng thay i . b n nhanh chng p d ng thng tin trong b ng v hi n th n theo cch c t ch c hn, Access cung c p hai cng c c bi t: s p x p v l c. S d ng nh ng cng c ny, b n c th lm vi c v i thng tin trong m i cch. Chng ny s gi i thch cch th c hi n s p x p v l c, cng nh cch s d ng nh ng cng c ny lm vi c v i d li u. K t thc chng ny, b n s hi u cc n i dung sau:

S p x p l g? Lm th no th c hi n m t s p x p n gi n Th no l m t s p x p n gi n? Cch xy d ng m t s p x p ph c t p. Cch lo i b cc hi u ng c a m t s p x p. M t b l c l g? Lm cch no l c d li u. Cch lu m t b l c. li u

Bi 18: S p x p d

S p x p l qu trnh t d li u theo ng th t logic. Chng ta t ng s p x p m i vi c hng ngy. V d , b n s p x p nh ng ha n ring l theo ngy thng do c th qu n l nh ng vi c quan tr ng tr c tin. B n s p x p nh ng cu n bng video theo th t ch ci ho c t p h p cc bi ht theo tn ngh s. V i Access, b n c th th c hi n s p x p theo cch n gi n v ph c t p m hai ph n ti p theo s i vo chi ti t cc cch s p x p . S p x p n gi n Trong Access, b n s s p x p cc b n ghi trong m t b ng d a vo m t ho c nhi u tr ng. V d , b n ph i s p x p cc b n ghi theo tn h ho c tn ring sao cho t t c nh ng ng i b n c a 62

b n c tn h l Smith c s p x p theo tn ring. S p x p cc b n ghi theo th t d a vo n i dung c a m t ho c nhi u tr ng li n nhau. Khi th c hi n m t s p x p n gi n, b n ph i nh r th t mu n Access s p x p cho b n ghi: S p x p theo th t tng d n: C ngha l Access s s p th p n cao. Theo cch , Acess s p t cc k t ch t A theo th t tng d n c a s . t cc b n ghi theo th t t n Z v s p x p cc thng tin

S p x p theo th t gi m d n: Cch ny i l p v i s p x p theo th t tng d n, v n cn c g i l o ng c th t . Access s p x p th t t cao xu ng th p: thng tin theo ch ci t Z t i A, theo s t cao nh t t i th p nh t. V d , gi s b n c m t b ng v cc bng a yu thch. N u mu n th t cc b n ghi d a theo tiu cc bng, b n yu c u Access th c hi n m t s p x p n gi n. Th c hi n m t s p x p n gi n cn c vo m t tr ng n l , l a ch n m t tr ng () trong c t m b n mu n s p x p. Ti p theo, s d ng cc hnh ng sau, d a vo cch b n mu n s p x p nh th no: s p x p theo th t tng d n, kch chu t vo cng c Sort Ascending (A-Z) nh hnh 1. B n c th ch n ty ch n Sort t menu Records v ch n Sort Ascending. s p x p theo th t gi m d n, kch chu t vo cng c Sort Descending (Z-A) nh hnh 1. B n c th ch n ty ch n Sort t menu Records v ch n Descending Sort.

Hnh 1: Cng c s p x p Khi th c hi n s p x p, Access s t ch c l i b ng sao cho cc b n ghi c s p x p theo th t m b n mu n.

Ch : D a vo s b n ghi c trong b ng, c th th c hi n s p x p theo d li u. di c n thi t cng d a vo t c c a my tnh v ph n c ng.B n c th s d ng tnh nng s p x p n gi n s p x p nhi u hn m t tr ng n l . Tuy nhin, nh ng c t ph i c nh nhau, v m i tr ng ph i c s p x p theo cng m c (tng d n ho c gi m d n). Trong tr ng h p khc, b n khng th s p x p m t c t theo th t tng d n v c t khc theo th t gi m d n. N u mu n s p x p m t c t theo m t th t v c t khc theo th t khc, b n c n s d ng s p x p ph c t p, c c p sau chng ny. Cng nh n u c t khng st nhau, b n ph i s d ng s p x p ph c t p. Nh v d s d ng c tnh s p x p n gi n v i cc c t li n nhau, gi s b n gn cc s cho m i bng a trong t p h p cc video v m i b n ghi tng ng v i m t hi n th n. (Nh r ng, Access c th s d ng cng s bng a nhi u hn m t b n ghi. Vi c ny x y ra khi m t bng video ch a nhi u hn m t b n ghi hi n th ). B n mu n s p x p b ng theo s bng a v sau hi n th tn nh th no? N u cc c t ch a hai tr ng li n nhau, b n nn th c hi n cc b c sau: Di chuy n con tr chu t sao cho n pha trn c t tn (pha trn ch Datasheet) c a m t 63

trong nh ng c t m b n mu n s p x p. Khi lm vi c ny, con tr thay xu ng. 1. Kch chu t tri nh d u c t.

i thnh mi tn tr

2. Gi phm SHIFT v l p l i b c 1, 2 v i cc c t khc. Access s hi n th t t c cc c t gi a c t u tin v c t th hai m b n ch n. 3. S d ng m t trong nh ng cch s p x p (tng d n ho c gi m d n) c miu t trong v d tr c. Khi b n th c hi n m t s p x p n gi n s d ng nhi u c t, Access lm vi c t tri sang ph i thng qua b ng. Do v y, Access s p x p c t ngoi cng bn tri u tin, chuy n d n v pha bn ph i v s p x p c t ti p theo, Di chuy n cc c t Tr c khi th c hi n m t s p x p n gi n trn nhi u tr ng (c t), b n c n di chuy n cc c t sao cho chng li n nhau. Khi lm vi c ch Datasheet, b n c th s d ng chu t di chuy n cc c t trong b ng. lm nh v y, th c hi n cc b c sau: 1. L a ch n c t b n mu n di chuy n v con tr chu t ln c t

2. Gi chu t tri. M t h p nh s xu t hi n xung quanh cu i con tr chu t. 3. Ko c t t i v tr m i trong b ng. Khi di chuy n chu t sang tri ho c ph i, Access hi n th dng gi a cc c t cho bi t ni m c t di chuy n. 4. Khi con tr chu t phia trn v tr m b n mu n, nh chu t. L n l t nh v y, Access s di chuy n c t t i v tr m i. S p x p ph c t p ph n tr c, b n h c v s p x p n gi n. S p x p ph c t p l b c xa hn. B n c th s d ng m t s p x p ph c t p s p x p nhi u c t, cc c t khng li n nhau theo th t khc nhau (tng d n v gi m d n). V d , n u b n c m t b ng tn v a ch , c th s p x p b n ghi u tin theo ZIP code (m bu i n) v theo tn h (theo ZIP code). N u hai c t khng li n nhau (c t Zip code pha bn tri c a c t tn cu i cng), b n c n s d ng s p x p ph c t p. hon thnh xong s p x p ph c t p, b n s d ng c a s Filter. (B l c c miu t chi ti t sau chng ny). hi n th c a s , l a ch n Filter t th c n Records, sau ch n Advanced Filter/Sort t k t qu c a trnh n ph . Access hi n th c a s Filter nh hnh 2.

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Hnh 2: C a s Filter th c hi n m t s p x p ph c t p, c n ch n nh ng tr ng m b n mu n s p x p, sau ch nh cch s p x p chng. V d , gi s b n ang lm vi c v i b ng Susiness Customers ( c pht tri n trong chng 4, T o c s d li u khc), v b n mu n s p x p n tr c h t theo Zip Code v sau l tn cng ty. th c hi n i u ny, b n c n ch r nh ng tr ng v th t s p x p c a chng trong khung pha d i c a s Filter. Trong c t u tin c a c a s Filter, kch chu t vo mi tn pha bn ph i h p field v ch n tr ng Zip Code. Ti p , b n c n cho bi t tr ng Zip Code c s p x p theo th t tng d n. lm c, kch chu t vo dng Sort ngay pha d i ni b n t tr ng ZipCode, sau kch vo mi tn pha bn ph i c a . L n l t nh v y, Access cung c p m t danh sch x xu ng v b n c th ch n Ascending cho th t s p x p. Sau khi ch n th t s p x p, c a s Filter s hi n th nh hnh 3.

Hnh 3: C a s Filter sau khi ch

nh tr ng

u tin

s px p

Trong c t th hai, b n c th ch nh tr ng th hai b n mu n s p x p (Company Name) v cch b n s p x p n. N u s p x p b ng theo cch khc, b n c th ti p t c l a ch n cc tr ng khc v ch r cch s p x p chng. Khi lm xong, b n c n p d ng cch s p x p cho b ng. p d ng, l a ch n Apply Filter/Sort t th c n Filter, ho c kch chu t vo cng c Apply Filter. Access s hi n th cc b n ghi trong b ng theo th t nh s n. Trong c a s Filter, c nhi u cch khc nhau m b n c th thm cc tr ng s p x p, khc 65

v i cc phng th c b n s d ng (kch chu t vo thanh cu n c a danh sch tr ng). V d , n u b n kch p chu t vo m t tn tr ng trong danh sch pha trn c a s Filter, tn tr ng s xu t hi n c t tr ng u tin trong dng Field. Hnh 4, n u b n kch p chu t vo tn tr ng Main Phone, Access s t tn tr ng vo c t cha s d ng.

Hnh 4: B n c th kch p chu t

l a ch n tr ng

B n cng c th s d ng chu t ko tn tr ng t danh sch t i vng d i khung. Access cung c p ba ho c b n cch khc a tr ng b n mu n s p x p. N u sau b n mu n xa m t tr ng, n gi n l s d ng chu t ch n c t ch a tr ng (trong vng khung) v n phm DEL ho c ch n Delete Culumn t th c n Edit.

Trong ph n tr c, b n h c cch s d ng c a s Filter th c hi n s p x p ph c t p. B n c th s d ng c a s Filter l c d li u. M t filter cho php b n gi i h n cc b n ghi xem. Vi c l c d li u khng lm m t cc b n ghi, n ch cho php xc nh nh ng b n ghi no b n mu n Access hi n th . Khi xc nh m t filter, b n ch nh tiu chu n m d li u c n c tr c khi Access hi n th n. V d , m t filter li t k cc b n ghi v cng nhn s ng New York. Access ch hi n th nh ng b n ghi ph h p v i tiu chu n filter a ra. Th c t , khi t o m t t p h p con d li u, b n c th lm vi c v i t p h p d li u nh th n l m t b ng: b n c th thm, xa cc b n ghi v th c hi n cc thay i nh mong mu n. Accees s c p nh t b ng g c cho th y m i s thay i m b n th c hi n. S d ng filter qu n l d li u d dng hn. V d , gi s b n ang lm vi c v i m t danh sch cc khch hng, v c n thay th m t trong s nh ng ng i i di n bn hng. Lc ny b n ph i c p nh t b ng khch hng c m t ng i i di n m i. B n c th s d ng ch c nng Replace ( c miu t chng 2, H c Access trong 1 gi ), nhng thay vo b n mu n t o m t filter c th xem l i cc khch hng tr c khi th t s mu n thay th h . Trong tr ng h p ny, filter gi i h n cc b n ghi m Access ch hi n th g m i di n ng i bn hng c. Trong h u h t cc tr ng h p, l cch d dng lm vi c v i b ng nh hn l v i ton b b ng khch hng. T o m t Filter

66

t o m t filter, b n c n lm vi c v i c a s Filter. Kch chu t vo ty ch n Filter t th c n Records, sau ch n Advanced Filter/Sort t trnh n ph . Access hi n th c a s Filter nh hnh 1.

Hnh 1: C a s Filter t o m t filter, t t c nhng g c n lm l t m t tr ng v ch r tiu chu n b n mu n p d ng cho tr ng. N u mu n, b n cng c th xc nh cch s p x p cho tr ng. (Theo cch , b n v a s p x p v l c d li u cng m t lc.) V d , gi s b n c m t b ng ch a cc b n ghi v b n ki m k (b ng Inventory) c hi n th trong hnh 1. b ng ny, m t trong cc tr ng c t tn l Supplier. B n s d ng tr ng ny theo di ng i cung c p m t m c c bi t. Gi s b n c n xem m c no c cung c p b i Allied Industries. S d ng filter, b n c th gi i h n cc b n ghi m Access hi n th t i t o m t filter, b n th c hi n theo nh ng b n ghi m nh cung c p l Allied industries. nh ng b c sau: 1. Ch n Filter t th c n Records, sau ch n Advanced Filter/Sort t trnh n ph . 2. Trong c t u tin c a khung pha d i c a s , ch n tr ng Supplier.

3. Trong Criteria c a c t, g d u =, sau l c m t Allied Industries. Khi nh n phm ENTER, c a s Filter xu t hi n nh hnh 2. (Ch r ng Access t ng thm d u trch d n quanh tn nh cung c p)

Hnh 2: T o m t filter n gi n 4. Kch chu t vo Apply Tilter trn thanh cng c . 67

Access p d ng cc quy t c l a ch n ( c ch r b ng filter) v hi n th nh ng b n ghi v Allied Industries. K t qu a ra t p h p con c a b ng ki m k s d dng lm vi c hn l ton b b ng. Trong tr ng h p ny, filter c a b n ch d n Access xem xt m i b n ghi trong b ng v ch hi n th cc b n ghi v tr ng Supplier c ch a tn Allied Industries.

Ch : Cc filter b n t o c th tr nn n gi n ho c ph c t p. B n ch nh tiu chu n cho b l c ang s d ng gi ng nh b n s d ng t o quy t c hi u l c cho cc tr ng (Nh ng Validation rules c c p chng 3, Ty bi n cc thnh ph n). N u c n tr gip nh nh ng bi u th c m b n c th s d ng, tr l i ph n validation rules.Lo i b m t Filter Th t khng l y lm l khi s d ng m t filter nhanh chng xem d li u theo cch c bi t, v sau mun lo i b b l c xem t t c cc b n ghi. Access th c hi n vi c ny r t d dng v b n c th hon thnh thao tc ny s d ng m t trong hai cch th c khc nhau. Cch th c th nh t (c l l d nh t) l ko thanh cng c . Khi m t filter c ho t ng, trn thanh cng c c bi u t ng gi ng nh hnh ci ph u. Th c t , c 3 cng c ch a hnh ph u, nhng ch c m t cng c ch a hnh ph u m khng c b t k bi u t ng thm no khc v n ang c ch n. N u b n a con tr chu t ln cng c , b n s th y tn c a n l Remove Filter. Kch vo Remove Filter, khi t t c cc b n ghi s xu t hi n tr l i, filter c g b hon ton. Phng th c khc c a vi c g b m t filter l s d ng cc th c n. Trn th c n Record l ty ch n Remove Filter/Sort. N u b n ch n ty ch n ny, t t c cc b n ghi c hi n th tr l i. Lu m t filter Access ch gi l i filter cho n khi b n ng b ng l i. Do v y, n u ng b ng v sau quy t nh s d ng filter l i, b n s c n t o l i m t filter t scratch. Cch c th gy chn v t n th i gian. gi i quy t v n ny, b n c th lu filter nh m t query (truy v n). B n s h c t t c cc truy v n trong chng 6 S d ng cc truy v n xem xt d li u. Cc Filter c lin quan t i truy v n, m c d chng khng c nhi u tnh nng hay s linh ho t. Khi cc filter v truy v n lin quan, Access cho php b n lu gi filter d i tn m t truy v n. lm i u ny, ch c ch n c a s Filter hi n th . Sau , ch n Save As Query t th c n File ho c kch chu t vo Save As Query trn thanh cng c . Access hi n th h p tho i Save As Query nh hnh 3.

Hnh 3: H p tho i Save As Query Nh p tn m b n mu n lu filter. Tn c th l b t k tn no m b n mu n. V d , n u mu n lu filter hi n th cc b ng ki m k cung c p b i Allied Industries, b n c th s d ng tn Supplied by Allied Industries. G tn v n ENTER ho c kch chu t vo nt OK. 68

s d ng l i filter, hi n th c a s Filter v l a ch n Load From Query t th c n File. Access hi n th h p tho i Applicable Filter nh hnh 4.

Hnh 4: H p tho i Applicable Filter nh d u tn truy v n m b n mu n nh p vo Filter v ch n OK. Access t i Filter. B n c th s d ng Filter ho c th c hi n b t k thay i l c nh b n mu n. Access cho php b n s p x p, l c d li u m t cch nhanh chng v d dng. l hai thao tc c lin quan v i nhau, chng c th gip b n qu n l d li u hi u qu hn. Chng ny ch cho b n cch th c hi n c hai thao tc . Tr c khi chuy n sang chng 6, ph i ch c b n hi u c cc n i dung sau: S p x p d li u theo th t xc nh.

Thng tin c th c lu gi theo th t tng d n (t nh nh t cho t i l n nh t) ho c gi m d n (t l n t i nh ). B n c th s d ng c tnh s p x p n gi n c a m t hay nhi u tr ng. s p x p nhanh m t b ng d a trn n i dung

B n c th s d ng s p x p ph c t p s p x p nhi u tr ng khng li n nhau. V cng c th s d ng n s p x p cc tr ng theo cc th t khc nhau (tng d n ho c gi m d n). t o m t s p x p ph c t p, s d ng c a s Filter. gi i h n t m th i nh ng b n ghi m Access hi n th . Filter t o ra

Filter (b l c) l m t cch m t b ng con.

T o m t filter b ng cch xc nh tiu chu n Access s d ng khi l a ch n cc b n ghi s hi n th . B n xc nh tiu ch n s d ng c a s Filter. Filter s b m t khi b n ng c a s b ng. B n c th lu v sau s d ng l i filter n u b n lu n d i d ng m t truy v n.

Bi 21: S d ng Query Wizards Access g m 4 lo i truy v n Wizard khc nhau, v ch c m t ni b n c th th y t t c cc lo i truy v n . Ch n Query t th c n Insert, Access hi n th h p tho i New Query nh hnh 1. 69

MS Access - Chng 6: S d ng cc Query (truy v n) MS Access - Bi 19: L c d li u Bi 18: S p x p d li u

ki m tra d li u

Ch r ng c 5 ty ch n c li t k trong h p tho i. Ty ch n u tin (Design View) khng th c s l m t truy v n, n cho php b n t o m t truy v n t h n h p t t o. M c ch c a 4 ty ch n cn l i nh sau: Simple Query Wizard. Ty ch n ny cho php b n t o truy v n m t cch n gi n nh t. Wizard ny gi ng nh khi b n kch p chu t vo Create Query By Using Wizard trong c a s Database (hnh 2).

Hnh 2: C a s Database Crosstab Query Wizard. Ty ch n ny t o m t truy v n Crosstab n gi n, trnh by u chng. Find Duplicates Query. T o m t truy v n l a ch n hi n th cc b n ghi gi ng nhau trong m t b ng. Find Unmatched Query. T o m t truy v n m hi n th cc b n ghi khng c m i quan h v i b n ghi cc b ng khc nhau. (Truy v n ny d s d ng khi lm vi c v i c s d li u quan h , m t khi ni m s c gi i thi u chng 13, Tm hi u m i quan h d li u). 70

Truy v n b n l a ch n s quy t nh Wizard no c s d ng b i Access. Trong cc ph n sau y, b n s h c cch s d ng ba trong 4 Wizards c a ra y. T o m t truy v n n gi n t o m t truy v n n gi n, ch n Simple Query Wizard t h p tho i New Query, sau kch vo nt OK. Tng t , b n cng c th kch p chu t vo ty ch n Create Query By Using Wizard s n c khi nt Queries c l a ch n trong c a s Database. Sau , Access hi n th h p tho i Simple Query Wizard nh hnh 3.

Hnh 3: H p tho i Simple Query Wizard. Pha bn tri h p tho i Simple Query Wizard, b n c th s d ng danh sch x xu ng li t k xc nh nh ng ngu n no Access nn s d ng cho truy v n m i. Ch r ng, b n c th s d ng ngu n l cc b ng ho c cc truy v n khc. Khi c s d li u Customers ch c duy nh t m t b ng (b ng Business Custormers), Access m c nh l a ch n n cho b n. N u b n ang lm vi c v i c s d li u ch a cc b ng v cc truy v n khc, b n c th s d ng danh sch x xu ng thay i nh ng ngu n d li u m Wizard s d ng. Trong ph n th p hn pha bn tri h p tho i l danh sch c a t t c cc tr ng c xc nh t i b ng hay truy v n c ch n. N u b n thay i ngu n d li u trong ton b danh sch ( c miu t o n trn) th cc tr ng s n c s thay i theo. B n c th s d ng danh sch v i u khi n pha bn ph i danh sch, cho bi t nh ng tr ng no b n mu n c s d ng vo truy v n b n ang t o ra. minh h a cho v d ny, l a ch n cc tr ng Company Name, Address 1, Address 2, City, State, v Zip code. Ph i ch c ch n l sau khi ch n m i tr ng, b n ph i kch chu t vo nt >. Sau , Access s hi n th tn m i tr ng trong danh sch Selected Fields pha d i bn ph i h p tho i. Khi hon thnh vi c l a ch n cc tr ng, h p tho i xu t hi n nh hnh 4.

71

Hnh 4: H p tho i Simple Query Wizard sau khi l a ch n m t s tr ng. V i cc tr ng c ch n, b n s n sng ti n hnh b c ti p theo trong Wizard. Kch chu t vo nt Next, Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 5. y l h p tho i cu i cng trong Wizard ny.

Hnh 5: H p tho i cu i cng c a Simple Query Wizard. T i giao di n ny, b n c th nh p m t tn b n mu n s d ng lu truy v n ny. Tn c g i n gi n l tn b ng m truy v n d a vo (Business Customers) v i t Query c thm vo. Truy v n n gi n b n t o s d ng h p tho i tr c c th c s d ng cho cc nhn th, v n ch ch a thng tin v a ch cho danh sch cc khch hng. Nh p tn Address List, sau kch chu t vo nt Finish. Access hi n th k t qu truy v n nh hnh 6.

72

Hnh 6: K t qu c a Simple Query Wizard. T o m t truy v n Crosstab t o m t truy v n Crosstab, u tin m h p tho i New Query b ng cch ch n Query t th c n Insert. T h p tho i , ch n Crosstab Query Wizard v kch chu t vo nt OK. Access hi n th h p th a Crosstab Query Wizard nh hnh 7.

Hnh 7: H p tho i Crosstab Query Wizard. Pha trn cng h p tho i Crosstab Query Wizard, Access h i b n l a ch n b ng no mu n truy v n d li u. V c s d li u ny ch c m t b ng (Business Customers), Access l a ch n n cho b n. N u b n ang lm vi c v i m t c s d li u c ch a cc b ng v truy v n khc, b n c th s d ng vng View gi a h p tho i thay i ngu n d li u m Wizard a ra. Pha d i cng h p tho i, Wizard hi n th cch truy v n Crosstab c hon thnh. Access 73

c p nh p trnh by ny m i lc b n th c hi n thay i trong khi s d ng Wizard. sang h p tho i ti p theo, kch chu t vo nt Next (Hnh 8).

chuy n

Hnh 8: L a ch n cc dng. Truy v n Crosstab cho php b n xc nh k t qu hi n th theo c hng v c t. S d ng Wizard, b n nn ch ra nh ng tr ng mu n xu t hi n trong m i dng. V d , gi s b n mu n l p b ng v s ti kho n cn ho t ng v khng cn ho t ng. Trong danh sch Available Fields, b n nn l a ch n tr ng Salesperson v kch chu t vo nt >. Ch r ng Wizard c p nh t m u crosstab pha d i cng h p tho i. Ti p theo, b n nn ch n tr ng State v kch chu t vo nt >. Ti p t c, Wizard c p nh t m u crosstab pha d i h p tho i nh hnh 8.

Hnh 9: Truy v n crosstab sau khi l a ch n tiu

hng

B n ch th c hi n theo Access hi n th nh ng ng i bn hng v State pha bn tri c a crosstab. Kch chu t vo nt Next. Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 10. 74

Hnh 10: L a ch n c t Trong h p tho i ny, Access h i b n l a ch n nh ng tr ng m n s trnh by thnh cc c t. Do b n mu n truy v n ny ch cho bi t c bao nhiu ti kho n cn ho t ng hay khng i v i m i ng i bn hng, b n nn ch n tr ng Active. Sau khi ch n tr ng Active, ch r ng Access c p nh t theo m u nh pha d i h p tho i. Kch chu t vo nt Next th c hi n ti p. Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 11.

Hnh 11: L a ch n cc thao tc cho truy v n. Trong h p tho i ny, Access h i b n xc nh nh ng g b n mu n truy v n tnh ton. T i pha bn ph i h p tho i, h p Functions li t k t t c cc php tnh s n c khc nhau. B n c th th c hi n nhi u php tnh trn nhi u tr ng, tuy nhin m t vi s k t h p c a cc tr ng v cc php tnh khng th th c hi n c. V d , n u b n ch n m t tr ng text, vi c th c hi n tnh trung bnh khng th lm c, b n ch nn th c hi n tnh ton trn m t tr ng s ho c tr ng ti n t . 75

k t thc truy v n ny, ch n tr ng Company Name v ch n php tnh Count. Ch r ng thng tin trong vng m u c a h p tho i thay i cng v i l a ch n c a b n. Truy v n s tnh ton cch m cc ti kho n cn ho t ng hay khng (c m t tn cng ty cho m i ti kho n) c trong m i state cho m i ng i ai di n bn hng. Cu i cng, ch r ng c 1 h p ch n b n c th s d ng cho bi t truy v n c n cung c p m t tm t t cho m i dng. V i m t crosstab n gi n l ch c 2 c t (active ho c inactive) th m t b n tm t t c l khng c n thi t. Kch chu t vo h p ch n t t b n tm t t. Sau khi s l a ch n c hon thnh, b n c th kch chu t vo nt Next. Access s hi n th h tho i nh hnh 12.

Hnh 12: Access h i b n v tn truy v n h p tho i ny, b n hon thnh vi c t o truy v n v c n lu n l i. Access h i b n tn s d ng cho truy v n ny. V i cc tn cho nh ng ph n khc c a c s d li u, b n nn s d ng m t vi tn miu t , nh Active Account Tally. G tn v kch chu t vo nt Finish. Access s lu truy v n v c p nh t danh sch truy v n trong c a s Database, sau m truy v n hi n th k t qu v a lm. Hnh 13 hi n th khi truy v n c hon thnh.

76

Hnh 13: K t qu c a truy v n. Khi xem t i crosstab, m t trong nh ng i u u tin m b n ch r ng cc c t c l -1 v 0. Nh r ng, tr ng Active l m t tr ng c ki u d li u Yes/No, c ngha l Access lu gi gi tr tr ng ny nh m t trong hai s : -1 v 0. Nh v y, nh ng s ny cng hi n th trong tiu . Sau chng ny, b n s h c cch thay i tiu b ng cch thay i thu c tnh k t h p v i truy v n. N u b n xem qua tr ng h p l ny trong ph n tiu , b n c th th y r ng, crosstab cung c p thng tin m b n yu c u. N hi n th tnh tr ng ti kho n trn active (Yes ho c -1) v inactive (No ho c 0) cho m i state v rep. Crosstab Query Wizard r t d dng cho b n t o truy v n d li u. T o m t Find Duplicates Query B n cng c th s d ng h p tho i New Query t o m t truy v n Find Duplicates, n cho php b n nhanh chng tm ki m m t b ng c cc tr ng trng nhau. Ch n Find Duplicates Query Wizard trong h p tho i v kch chu t vo nt OK. L n l t, Access hi n th h p tho i Find Duplicates Query Wizard nh hnh 14.

Hnh 14: H p tho i Find Duplicates Query Wizard. 77

Trong h p tho i ny, Access li t k cc ngu n d li u b n c th s d ng cho truy v n. Thng th ng, b n s d ng m t b ng nh ngu n d li u nhng v i Wizard ny b n cng c th s d ng truy v n khc n a. B i v b ng Business Customers l duy nh t trong c s d li u Customers, Access l a ch n b ng ny cho b n. Kch chu t vo nt Next chuy n t i h p tho i nh hnh 15.

Hnh 15: Ch n m t tr ng Trong h p tho i ny, Access h c gi i h n v s cc tr ng b ch n nh ng tr ng c n thi t Business Customers, ch c n ki trng l p.

ki m tra.

i b n nh ng tr ng no c n ki m tra gi tr trng. M c d khng n c th c trong ki m tra truy v n, nhng b n cng ch nn ch c ch n l khng c s trng l p. Trong tr ng h p c a b ng m tra tr ng Company Name v Contact xc nh n u c s

u tin, ch n tr ng Company Name v kch chu t vo nt >. Ti p theo, ch n tr ng Contact v kch ti p vo nt >. Access hi n th hai tr ng theo th t trong danh sch pha bn ph i h p tho i. Sau khi xc nh xong cc tr ng, kch chu t vo nt Next. Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 16.

Hnh 16: Hi n th thng tin thm.

78

Trong h p tho i ny, Access h i n u b n mu n truy v n hi n th thm thng tin. Khi xem l i cc b n ghi trng, b n c th s d ng thng tin ny nh m gip vi c quy t nh b n ghi no mu n lu v b n ghi no mu n xa. i v i b ng Business Customers, b n mu n Access hi n th cc tr ng Contact Phone, Last Order, Salesperson. Ch n m t vi tr ng (nh kch nt > sau khi ch n m i tr ng). Access thm tn c a m i tr ng vo danh sch pha bn ph i h p tho i. Khi hon thnh, kch chu t vo nt Next, Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 17.

Hnh 17: K t thc truy v n. Lc ny b n hon thnh vi c t o truy v n, Access yu c u b n t tn cho truy v n. T g i c a Wizard cho tn c a truy v n ny, kch chu t vo nt Finish ch p nh n tn . Access lu truy v n d i tn ny v c p nh t danh sch truy v n trong c a s Database. Access m truy v n hi n th k t qu v a hon thnh nh hnh 18.

Hnh 18: K t qu c a truy v n Find Duplicates. By gi b n c th xem l i cc b n ghi trng l p v quy t nh nh ng vi c mu n lm v i chng. N u b n xa b t k b n ghi no trong mn hnh, Access s xa b n ghi tng ng trong b ng pha bn d i (Business Customers). V i l do ny, truy v n Find Duplicates r t c ch trong vi c qu n l thng tin b ng.

79

Bi 22: S

d ng Query Wizards

Access g m 4 lo i truy v n Wizard khc nhau, v ch c m t ni b n c th th y t t c cc lo i truy v n . Ch n Query t th c n Insert, Access hi n th h p tho i New Query nh hnh 1.

Hnh 1: H p tho i New Query. Ch r ng c 5 ty ch n c li t k trong h p tho i. Ty ch n u tin (Design View) khng th c s l m t truy v n, n cho php b n t o m t truy v n t h n h p t t o. M c ch c a 4 ty ch n cn l i nh sau: Simple Query Wizard. Ty ch n ny cho php b n t o truy v n m t cch n gi n nh t. Wizard ny gi ng nh khi b n kch p chu t vo Create Query By Using Wizard trong c a s Database (hnh 2).

Hnh 2: C a s Database Crosstab Query Wizard. Ty ch n ny t o m t truy v n Crosstab n gi n, trnh by u chng. Find Duplicates Query. T o m t truy v n l a ch n hi n th cc b n ghi gi ng nhau trong m t b ng. 80

Find Unmatched Query. T o m t truy v n m hi n th cc b n ghi khng c m i quan h v i b n ghi cc b ng khc nhau. (Truy v n ny d s d ng khi lm vi c v i c s d li u quan h , m t khi ni m s c gi i thi u chng 13, Tm hi u m i quan h d li u). Truy v n b n l a ch n s quy t nh Wizard no c s d ng b i Access. Trong cc ph n sau y, b n s h c cch s d ng ba trong 4 Wizards c a ra y. T o m t truy v n n gi n t o m t truy v n n gi n, ch n Simple Query Wizard t h p tho i New Query, sau kch vo nt OK. Tng t , b n cng c th kch p chu t vo ty ch n Create Query By Using Wizard s n c khi nt Queries c l a ch n trong c a s Database. Sau , Access hi n th h p tho i Simple Query Wizard nh hnh 3.

Hnh 3: H p tho i Simple Query Wizard. Pha bn tri h p tho i Simple Query Wizard, b n c th s d ng danh sch x xu ng li t k xc nh nh ng ngu n no Access nn s d ng cho truy v n m i. Ch r ng, b n c th s d ng ngu n l cc b ng ho c cc truy v n khc. Khi c s d li u Customers ch c duy nh t m t b ng (b ng Business Custormers), Access m c nh l a ch n n cho b n. N u b n ang lm vi c v i c s d li u ch a cc b ng v cc truy v n khc, b n c th s d ng danh sch x xu ng thay i nh ng ngu n d li u m Wizard s d ng. Trong ph n th p hn pha bn tri h p tho i l danh sch c a t t c cc tr ng c xc nh t i b ng hay truy v n c ch n. N u b n thay i ngu n d li u trong ton b danh sch ( c miu t o n trn) th cc tr ng s n c s thay i theo. B n c th s d ng danh sch v i u khi n pha bn ph i danh sch, cho bi t nh ng tr ng no b n mu n c s d ng vo truy v n b n ang t o ra. minh h a cho v d ny, l a ch n cc tr ng Company Name, Address 1, Address 2, City, State, v Zip code. Ph i ch c ch n l sau khi ch n m i tr ng, b n ph i kch chu t vo nt >. Sau , Access s hi n th tn m i tr ng trong danh sch Selected Fields pha d i bn ph i h p tho i. Khi hon thnh vi c l a ch n cc tr ng, h p tho i xu t hi n nh hnh 4. 81

Hnh 4: H p tho i Simple Query Wizard sau khi l a ch n m t s tr ng. V i cc tr ng c ch n, b n s n sng ti n hnh b c ti p theo trong Wizard. Kch chu t vo nt Next, Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 5. y l h p tho i cu i cng trong Wizard ny.

Hnh 5: H p tho i cu i cng c a Simple Query Wizard. T i giao di n ny, b n c th nh p m t tn b n mu n s d ng lu truy v n ny. Tn c g i n gi n l tn b ng m truy v n d a vo (Business Customers) v i t Query c thm vo. Truy v n n gi n b n t o s d ng h p tho i tr c c th c s d ng cho cc nhn th, v n ch ch a thng tin v a ch cho danh sch cc khch hng. Nh p tn Address List, sau kch chu t vo nt Finish. Access hi n th k t qu truy v n nh hnh 6.

82

Hnh 6: K t qu c a Simple Query Wizard. T o m t truy v n Crosstab t o m t truy v n Crosstab, u tin m h p tho i New Query b ng cch ch n Query t th c n Insert. T h p tho i , ch n Crosstab Query Wizard v kch chu t vo nt OK. Access hi n th h p th a Crosstab Query Wizard nh hnh 7.

Hnh 7: H p tho i Crosstab Query Wizard. Pha trn cng h p tho i Crosstab Query Wizard, Access h i b n l a ch n b ng no mu n truy v n d li u. V c s d li u ny ch c m t b ng (Business Customers), Access l a ch n n cho b n. N u b n ang lm vi c v i m t c s d li u c ch a cc b ng v truy v n khc, b n c th s d ng vng View gi a h p tho i thay i ngu n d li u m Wizard a ra. Pha d i cng h p tho i, Wizard hi n th cch truy v n Crosstab c hon thnh. Access 83

c p nh p trnh by ny m i lc b n th c hi n thay i trong khi s d ng Wizard. sang h p tho i ti p theo, kch chu t vo nt Next (Hnh 8).

chuy n

Hnh 8: L a ch n cc dng. Truy v n Crosstab cho php b n xc nh k t qu hi n th theo c hng v c t. S d ng Wizard, b n nn ch ra nh ng tr ng mu n xu t hi n trong m i dng. V d , gi s b n mu n l p b ng v s ti kho n cn ho t ng v khng cn ho t ng. Trong danh sch Available Fields, b n nn l a ch n tr ng Salesperson v kch chu t vo nt >. Ch r ng Wizard c p nh t m u crosstab pha d i cng h p tho i. Ti p theo, b n nn ch n tr ng State v kch chu t vo nt >. Ti p t c, Wizard c p nh t m u crosstab pha d i h p tho i nh hnh 8.

Hnh 9: Truy v n crosstab sau khi l a ch n tiu

hng

84

B n ch th c hi n theo Access hi n th nh ng ng i bn hng v State pha bn tri c a crosstab. Kch chu t vo nt Next. Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 10.

Hnh 10: L a ch n c t Trong h p tho i ny, Access h i b n l a ch n nh ng tr ng m n s trnh by thnh cc c t. Do b n mu n truy v n ny ch cho bi t c bao nhiu ti kho n cn ho t ng hay khng i v i m i ng i bn hng, b n nn ch n tr ng Active. Sau khi ch n tr ng Active, ch r ng Access c p nh t theo m u nh pha d i h p tho i. Kch chu t vo nt Next th c hi n ti p. Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 11.

Hnh 11: L a ch n cc thao tc cho truy v n. Trong h p tho i ny, Access h i b n xc nh nh ng g b n mu n truy v n tnh ton. T i pha bn ph i h p tho i, h p Functions li t k t t c cc php tnh s n c khc nhau. B n c th th c hi n nhi u php tnh trn nhi u tr ng, tuy nhin m t vi s k t h p c a cc tr ng v cc php tnh khng th th c hi n c. V d , n u b n ch n m t tr ng text, vi c th c hi n tnh trung 85

bnh khng th lm c, b n ch nn th c hi n tnh ton trn m t tr ng s ho c tr ng ti n t . k t thc truy v n ny, ch n tr ng Company Name v ch n php tnh Count. Ch r ng thng tin trong vng m u c a h p tho i thay i cng v i l a ch n c a b n. Truy v n s tnh ton cch m cc ti kho n cn ho t ng hay khng (c m t tn cng ty cho m i ti kho n) c trong m i state cho m i ng i ai di n bn hng. Cu i cng, ch r ng c 1 h p ch n b n c th s d ng cho bi t truy v n c n cung c p m t tm t t cho m i dng. V i m t crosstab n gi n l ch c 2 c t (active ho c inactive) th m t b n tm t t c l khng c n thi t. Kch chu t vo h p ch n t t b n tm t t. Sau khi s l a ch n c hon thnh, b n c th kch chu t vo nt Next. Access s hi n th h tho i nh hnh 12.

Hnh 12: Access h i b n v tn truy v n h p tho i ny, b n hon thnh vi c t o truy v n v c n lu n l i. Access h i b n tn s d ng cho truy v n ny. V i cc tn cho nh ng ph n khc c a c s d li u, b n nn s d ng m t vi tn miu t , nh Active Account Tally. G tn v kch chu t vo nt Finish. Access s lu truy v n v c p nh t danh sch truy v n trong c a s Database, sau m truy v n hi n th k t qu v a lm. Hnh 13 hi n th khi truy v n c hon thnh.

86

Hnh 13: K t qu c a truy v n. Khi xem t i crosstab, m t trong nh ng i u u tin m b n ch r ng cc c t c l -1 v 0. Nh r ng, tr ng Active l m t tr ng c ki u d li u Yes/No, c ngha l Access lu gi gi tr tr ng ny nh m t trong hai s : -1 v 0. Nh v y, nh ng s ny cng hi n th trong tiu . Sau chng ny, b n s h c cch thay i tiu b ng cch thay i thu c tnh k t h p v i truy v n. N u b n xem qua tr ng h p l ny trong ph n tiu , b n c th th y r ng, crosstab cung c p thng tin m b n yu c u. N hi n th tnh tr ng ti kho n trn active (Yes ho c -1) v inactive (No ho c 0) cho m i state v rep. Crosstab Query Wizard r t d dng cho b n t o truy v n d li u. T o m t Find Duplicates Query B n cng c th s d ng h p tho i New Query t o m t truy v n Find Duplicates, n cho php b n nhanh chng tm ki m m t b ng c cc tr ng trng nhau. Ch n Find Duplicates Query Wizard trong h p tho i v kch chu t vo nt OK. L n l t, Access hi n th h p tho i Find Duplicates Query Wizard nh hnh 14.

Hnh 14: H p tho i Find Duplicates Query Wizard. 87

Trong h p tho i ny, Access li t k cc ngu n d li u b n c th s d ng cho truy v n. Thng th ng, b n s d ng m t b ng nh ngu n d li u nhng v i Wizard ny b n cng c th s d ng truy v n khc n a. B i v b ng Business Customers l duy nh t trong c s d li u Customers, Access l a ch n b ng ny cho b n. Kch chu t vo nt Next chuy n t i h p tho i nh hnh 15.

Hnh 15: Ch n m t tr ng Trong h p tho i ny, Access h c gi i h n v s cc tr ng b ch n nh ng tr ng c n thi t Business Customers, ch c n ki trng l p.

ki m tra.

i b n nh ng tr ng no c n ki m tra gi tr trng. M c d khng n c th c trong ki m tra truy v n, nhng b n cng ch nn ch c ch n l khng c s trng l p. Trong tr ng h p c a b ng m tra tr ng Company Name v Contact xc nh n u c s

u tin, ch n tr ng Company Name v kch chu t vo nt >. Ti p theo, ch n tr ng Contact v kch ti p vo nt >. Access hi n th hai tr ng theo th t trong danh sch pha bn ph i h p tho i. Sau khi xc nh xong cc tr ng, kch chu t vo nt Next. Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 16.

Hnh 16: Hi n th thng tin thm. 88

Trong h p tho i ny, Access h i n u b n mu n truy v n hi n th thm thng tin. Khi xem l i cc b n ghi trng, b n c th s d ng thng tin ny nh m gip vi c quy t nh b n ghi no mu n lu v b n ghi no mu n xa. i v i b ng Business Customers, b n mu n Access hi n th cc tr ng Contact Phone, Last Order, Salesperson. Ch n m t vi tr ng (nh kch nt > sau khi ch n m i tr ng). Access thm tn c a m i tr ng vo danh sch pha bn ph i h p tho i. Khi hon thnh, kch chu t vo nt Next, Access hi n th h p tho i nh hnh 17.

Hnh 17: K t thc truy v n. Lc ny b n hon thnh vi c t o truy v n, Access yu c u b n t tn cho truy v n. T g i c a Wizard cho tn c a truy v n ny, kch chu t vo nt Finish ch p nh n tn . Access lu truy v n d i tn ny v c p nh t danh sch truy v n trong c a s Database. Access m truy v n hi n th k t qu v a hon thnh nh hnh 18.

Hnh 18: K t qu c a truy v n Find Duplicates. By gi b n c th xem l i cc b n ghi trng l p v quy t nh nh ng vi c mu n lm v i chng. N u b n xa b t k b n ghi no trong mn hnh, Access s xa b n ghi tng ng trong b ng pha bn d i (Business Customers). V i l do ny, truy v n Find Duplicates r t c ch trong vi c qu n l thng tin b ng.

Bi 23: Thi t k truy v n ring89

n lc ny, b n c th s d ng Query Wizard t o cc truy v n. Nhng Query Wizard ch t o m t vi truy v n th ng dng. N u m t trong nh ng truy v n khng ph h p, b n c th t o truy v n ring. Nhi u ng i ngh r ng t xy d ng truy v n ring l m t trong nh ng ph n kh nh t khi lm vi c v i Access. i u c th ng, nhng v i m t vi h ng d n v nhi u l n th c hnh, b n c th xy d ng b t k truy v n no m b n ngh ra. Khi t t o cc truy v n t u, b n s c bi t cc nguyn t c c th p d ng khi ch nh s a truy v n s n c. V i cch nh v y - t o hay ch nh s a - b n s d ng c a s thi t k truy v n. Qu trnh sau t o m t truy v n, ph n l n d a vo lo i truy v n m b n mu n t o. Khng quan tm n lo i truy v n, b n th ng b t u v i cng m t cch: ch n nt Queries trong c a s Database, kch p chu t vo ty ch n Create Query in Design View. Mn hnh xu t hi n nh hnh 1.

Hnh 1: T o truy v n Ch r ng c a s thi t k truy v n l ph n sau. Trong ph n u, Access hi n th h p tho i Show Table a ra cho b n l a ch n ngu n d li u mu n s d ng. Nh cc truy v n khc, b n c th l a ch n c b ng ho c cc truy v n lm ngu n d li u ( u c h p tho i Show Table). Trong tr ng h p ny, ch n b ng Business Customers v kch chu t vo nt Add. Access m m t c a s nh cho b ng c ch a cc tr ng. ng h p tho i Show Table, kch chu t vo nt Close. Sau khi ng h p tho i Show Table, Access hi n th c a s thi t k truy v n. ph n gi a c a s l ch tr ng cho cc ngu n d li u c m . Trong tr ng h p ny, ch tr ng ch a b ng Business Customers. Bn d i l l i thi t k OBE (v d cho truy v n). C a s thi t k truy v n xu t hi n nh hnh 2.

90

Hnh 2: C a s thi t k truy v n Trong l i thi t k QBE, b n xc nh cc tiu chu n cho truy v n. Nh ng ty ch n s n c trong l i ph thu c vo lo i truy v n b n t o. Cng c thi t k truy v n Cng c thi t k truy v n ch xu t hi n bn d i th c n b t c khi no b n s d ng c a s thi t k truy v n. Nhi u cng c trn thanh cng c r t quen nh s d ng trong cc c a s Access khc. Tuy nhin, c cc cng c khc l ch c trn thanh cng c c a truy v n Design. B ng 1 hi n th nh ng cng c v cng vi c chng th c hi n. Cng c Tn Query Type Run Show Table Totals Top Values Properties Build Tnh nng Cho php xc nh lo i truy v n b n t o

Thi hnh truy v n n u c n thi t. Hi n th h p tho i Show Table Hi n th dng t ng trong l i QBE. N khng s n c khi t o m t truy v n c p nh t hay xa truy v n Tm gi tr cao nh t trong m t truy v n d a vo t l ph n trm hay s cc dng Hi n th c a s Properties, cho cc tr ng truy v n ho c cho chnh cc truy v n Hi n th c a s Builder khi t o tiu chu n cho m t tr ng. B ng 1: Cc cng c thi t k

B n th ng s d ng Query Wizards t o cc truy v n bnh th ng, c ngha l s d ng c a s thi t k truy v n cho nh ng truy v n ph bi n hn. Do v y, b n s th ng s d ng cng c Query Type khi b t u ph n thi t k cho bi t lo i truy v n b n t o. N u kch chu t vo mi tn xu ng pha bn ph i cng c , b n c th th y Access cho php t o nh ng lo i truy v n sau: Select Query (truy v n l a ch n): L lo i truy v n c m c nh, cho php b n xy d ng m t truy v n m tr v l s cc tr ng c xc nh tiu chu n. Crosstab Query (Truy v n Crosstab): S a di n s c n thi t cho truy v n. i l i QBE sao cho nh ng ty ch n c a n i 91

Make-Table Query (Truy v n t o b ng): p d ng khi c n t o ra m t b ng m i. Access s d ng b ng ny lu tr k t qu ph n chnh c a truy v n. Khi ch n cng c ny, Access yu c u b n t tn cho b ng v ni lu tr b ng. L i QBE cng tng t nh truy v n ch n l a. c p nh t nhi u b n ghi trong m t b ng. Update Query (Truy v n c p nh t): Dng Access thay i l i QBE i di n cho s c n thi t c a truy v n. Append Query (Truy v n B sung): Dng b sung cc b n ghi thnh m t b ng. Khi ch n cng c ny, Access yu c u b n t tn b ng v ni lu tr b ng . Access thay i l i QBE ph n nh l i nh ng tiu chu n cho lo i truy v n ny. Delete Query (Truy v n xa): Dng d ng n gi n hn cc truy v n khc. xa cac b n ghi. Access thay i l i QBE thnh

Nh ng truy v n ny trng r t quen thu c, v c b n, chng gi ng nh nh ng truy v n c c p ph n u chng ny. S d ng l i QBE

B t k b n ch n lo i truy v n no, th ng s d ng l i QBE thi t k truy v n. B n c th p d ng cc m c trong l i cng gi ng nh cch dng cc l i thi t k khc. V d , chng 5 S p x p v phn lo i thng tin, b n bi t c cch c th s d ng l i c a s Filter. L i QBE cng th c hi n nh v y, b n c th thm, xa, v di chuy n cc c t. Ngoi ra b n cng c th l a ch n trong l i v ch nh s a chng. ngha c a cc dng trong l i QBE thay i ph thu c vo lo i truy v n b n ang thi t k . Tuy nhin, dng u tin lun lun ch a tn tr ng. M i c t dng ny i di n cho tr ng m Access s hi n th trong k t qu truy v n. Do v y, n u b n mu n hi n th 5 tr ng trong k t qu truy v n, b n nn s d ng 5 c t trong l i QBE. Access hi n th cc tr ng theo th t b n t trong l i. Tuy nhin, b n c th thi t l p dng Show cho m i tr ng qu n l d Access c hi n th cc tr ng hay khng (Hnh 3)

Hnh 3: L i QBE N u b n ch n dng Show cho m t c t ring, Access hi n th tr ng ra k t qu . N u khng ch n dng Show, Access khng hi n th tr ng. T i sao b n khng mu n hi n th tr ng ? n gi n, n u b n ch s d ng m t c t l a ch n ho c s p x p cc b n ghi, b n khng c n hi n th n. V d , n u b n ch n cc b n ghi d a vo gi tr c a tr ng l Yes/No (ch ch n nh ng tr ng c thi t l p Yes), nh b n bi t r ng m i gi tr m k t qu tr ng s l (-1). Do v y, th c s khng c n hi n th tr ng. C th s d ng dng Show n ho c hi n th cc tr ng nh b n mu n.

Ch : Dng Show khng p d ng v i cc truy v n Crosstab, C p nh t, B sung vXa. Dng Sort v Criteria lm vi c tng t nh c p v cc filter chng 5 S p x p v l c thng tin. N u b n v n cha r v v n ny, c th xem l i chng . 92

Cch t t nh t khm ph ra cch s d ng l i QBE l th c hnh. Gi s b n mu n t o m t truy v n s d ng b ng Business Customers v hi n th t t c cc ti kho n cn ho t ng v i th gi i h n trn 1000$ c a m t trong nh ng nhn vin bn hng. Thm vo , b n mu n cc ti kho n c li t k s p x p theo th t gi m d n d a vo th i h n th c a h ( i v i nh ng ti kho n v i th i h n th b ng nhau, b n mu n chng c s p x p theo th t tn cng ty). thi t k truy v n nh v y, th c hi n cc bc sau: 1. B t u m t l i QBE tr ng. ch c ch n Select Query c thi t k .

2. S d ng cng c Query Type

3. Trong danh sch cc tr ng, kch p chu t vo tn tr ng Active. Access hi n th tn tr ng ny c t u tin c a l i QBE. 4. dng Criterea i v i c t u tin, nh p php tnh =Yes. nh ng b n ghi v i tr ng Active c thi t l p l ng. 5. B d u tch dng Show c t i u ny c ngha Access ch ra

u tin. Access khng hi n th gi tr c a tr ng.

6. Trong danh sch tr ng, kch p chu t vo tn tr ng Salesperson. Access hi n th tn tr ng ny c t th hai trong l i QBE. 7. dng Criteria i v i c t th hai, nh p php ton = John Davis. mu n ch nh ng b n ghi c i di n ng i bn hng tn l John Davis. 8. Xa d u tch i u ny c ngha b n

dng Show cho c t th hai. Access s khng hi n th gi tr c a tr ng.

9. Kch p chu t vo tn tr ng Credit Limit. Access hi n th trn tr ng ny trong c t th 3 c a l i QBE. 10. Trong dng Sort c t th 3, ch n Descending. ng th c >1000. i u ny cho bi t b n ch mu n

11. Trong dng Criteria c a c t th 3, nh p nh ng b n ghi v i th gi i h n trn 1000$.

12. Kch p chu t vo tn tr ng Company Name. Access hi n th tr ng ny l i QBE. 13. dng Sort, ch n Ascending.

c t 4 trong

14. Kch p chu t vo tn tr ng l Contact. Access hi n th tr ng ny QBE.

c t th 5 trong l i

15. Kch p chu t vo tn tr ng l Contact Phone. Access hi n th tr ng ny trong l i QBE. 16. Kch p chu t vo trn tr ng Last Order. Access hi n th tn tr ng ny l i QBE.

c t th 6

c t th 7 trong

Lc ny b n hon thnh xong truy v n. C a s thi t k truy v n c a b n c a ra nh hnh 4.

93

Hnh 4: Truy v n c hon thnh Truy v n ny hi n th 5 tr ng t b ng Business Customers, nhng ch i v i nh ng tr ng c i u ki n dng Criteria. B n c th lu truy v n ngay n u mu n. Tuy nhin, th y k t qu c a truy v n lun, kch chu t vo cng c Run trn thanh cng c . Access ch y truy v n m khng c n lu n v hi n th ra k t qu . Cch ny b n c th ki m tra l i th y c n u k t qu nh mong i. Hnh 5 hi n th k t qu c a truy v n m i.

Hnh 5: K t qu truy v n. Khi hon thnh ki m tra k t qu truy v n, b n c th s d ng cng c View (pha bn tri thanh cng c ) chuy n i tr l i c a s thi t k truy v n. Sau , lu truy v n b ng cch ng c a s thi t k . Kch chu t vo nt Yes v Access a ra l i nh c b n c n t m t tn (hnh 6).

Hnh 6: B n c th lu truy v n s d ng tn b n mu n. Nh p tn b n mu n s d ng cho truy v n, khi kch chu t vo nt OK, Access lu truy v n v c p nh t vo c a s Database thm tn m i. Thi t l p cc thu c tnh Trong chng 3 Ty bi n cc thnh ph n, b n h c v cc thu c tnh c a tr ng v cch chng tc ng n ch Datasheet. Cc thu c tnh c miu t chng 3 p d ng cho cc tr ng trong m t b ng nhng b n cng c th thi t l p cc thu c tnh cho tr ng trong m t truy v n. Cc thu c tnh truy v n tc ng n cch Access hi n th thng tin xu t pht t truy v n cng nh cch b n c th ch nh s a thng tin . th y c cc thu c tnh cho m t tr ng c th , l a ch n tr ng t l i QBE. Sau , kch chu t vo cng c Properties. Access hi n th c a s Properties, xu t hi n cc hnh th c c a 94

c a s ph thu c vo ki u d li u c a tr ng. M t c a s properties m u nh hnh 7 (Cc thu c tnh cho tr ng Credit Limit)

Hnh 7: C a s Properties cho tr ng Credit. Ch r ng, c m t vi thu c tnh m b n th y trong b ng c a s thi t k . Tuy nhin, cc thu c tnh c hi n th c ch c nng g n gi ng v i cch m chng th c hi n khi lm vi c v i b ng. (B n c th tr l i chng 3 xem l i). Truy v n l nh ng cng c r t m nh, b n c th s d ng n l a ch n, thay i v thao tc v i thng tin trong c s d li u. T m t ngu n d li u (b ng hay cc truy v n khc), m t truy v n ch n l a cc b n ghi theo cc tiu chu n c xc nh. Access s lm g v i nh ng b n ghi , ph thu c vo lo i truy v n b n thi t k . Trong chng ny, chng ta tm hi u cc truy v n c b n, v m t s cc truy v n khc. Khi b n k t h p thng tin chng ny v i nh ng g h c cc chng tr c, b n s nh n th y r ng cc truy v n khng h kh hi u hay ph c t p nh b n ngh lc u. Tr c khi chuy n sang chng 7, hy ch c ch n l b n hi u c nh ng n i dung sau: M t truy v n l m t cch b n t cu h i cho Access v thng tin trong cc b ng. ng

Access cho php b n t o nm lo i truy v n: Truy v n l a ch n (Select), Truy v n hnh (Action), Truy v n Crosstab, Truy v n tham s (Parameter), v Truy v n SQL

Cc truy v n l ph n khc c a c s d li u, gi ng nh cc b ng, bo co, v macro. B n c th s d ng nt Queries trong c a s Database xem cc lo i truy v n trong c s d li u. B n c th s d ng Query Wizard t o 4 lo i truy v n khc. l cc instructive (trong nh ng g truy v n hon thnh) v l ni b t u cho cc truy v n ring. B n c th s d ng c a s thi t k thi t k cc truy v n ring t s h n t p. c a s ny, cng v i thanh cng c thi t k truy v n, cho php b n ch nh v t o nhi u lo i truy v n. L i QBE xu t hi n pha d i c a c a s thi t k truy v n. S d ng l i, b n c th ch nh nh ng tr ng Access s d ng quy t nh n u cc b n ghi c hi n th , cng nh thm cc b n ghi m Access s hi n th trong k t qu truy v n. Khi thi t k m t truy v n, b n c th ch nh thu c tnh cho cc tr ng trong k t qu truy v n. Nh ng thu c tnh c a tr ng tng t nh cc thu c tnh khi thi t k cho b ng. 95

Bi 25: In b ngNh c p, sau khi nh p d li u vo b ng, b n mu n in m t b n sao n i dung b ng. Access th c hi n vi c m t cch r t n gi n in d li u trong b ng. B n c th in b ng theo cc b c sau y: 1. Ch n nt Tables trong c a s Database. 2. Ch n tn b ng m b n mu n in 3. L a ch n ty ch n Print t th c n File ho c kch chu t vo nt Print trn thanh cng c . Cch khc in b ng l th c hi n theo cc b c sau:

1. Ch n nt Tables trong c a s Database 2. Ch n ( nh d u) tn b ng b n mu n in. 3. Kch chu t vo nt Open. Access hi n th b ng cc thay i cho b ng. ch Datasheet; b n c th th c hi n

4. L a ch n ty ch n Print t th c n File ho c kch chu t vo cng c Print trn thanh cng c N u b n kch chu t vo cng c Print trn thanh cng c , Access s in b ng ngay. N u ch n ty ch n Print t th c n File, Access hi n th h p tho i Print nh hnh 1.

Hnh 1: H p tho i Print Cc ph n ring bi t c a h p tho i Print i u khi n nh ng g Access in. N u mu n i u ch nh my in no m Access s d ng in b ng, s d ng danh sch Name x xu ng pha trn cng c a h p tho i. N u mu n thay i cc thu c tnh ring c a my in, kch chu t vo nt Properties. L n l t, Access hi n th h p tho i Properties c a my in (s c miu t ngay sau chng ny). Vng Print Range cho php b n ch n cc ph n c a b ng m Access in. B n c th in ton b b ng, m t ph n c a b ng (cc dng hay c t m b n ch n) hay m t vng c a trang. Ngay sau chng ny, b n s h c cch xem tr c d li u trn mn hnh tr c khi in. S d ng ty ch n 96

Print preview, b n ph i quy t nh l in m t vng c th c a trang. Ty ch n Pages cho php b n xc nh m t vng c a trang in. Vng Copies cho php b n yu c u Access t o bao nhiu b n sao c a thng tin c n in. H p ch n Collate ch c ngha n u b n in nhi u hn m t b n sao c a b ng. V d , gi s b ng c a b n c n in 5 trang. N u c n hai b n sao v b n tch ch n h p Collate, Access s in t t c 5 trang b ng (l n 1) v sau in l i 5 trang (l n 2). N u b n khng ch n h p Collate Copies, Access in l n l t hai b n sao c a m i trang (Trong tr ng h p ny, b n s c n ph i s p x p l i cc b n sao sau ). Cu i cng, ph n gi a pha bn ph i h p tho i Print l h p ch n Print to File. H p ch n ny cho php b n chuy n d li u t my in thnh m t t p tin trn a. In vo a th c s r t c n thi t. V d , b n c n g i m t bo co cho m t ai xa. B n c th in n v fax cho h hay g i qua h th ng th i n t . Tuy nhin, n u b n in bo co thnh m t t p, b n c th thay v g i cho h a c ch a t p tin, ho c g i th i n t in t p tin cho h . N u bo co r t l n, vi c g i m t th i n t hay a c th ti t ki m r t nhi u chi ph trong vi c v n chuy n. K t qu , h nh n c thng tin r t nhanh v chi ph r t r . Khi h nh n t p tin, h c th chuy n n t i my in c a h v c m t b n sao gi ng nh b n sao b n in cho h . Khi k t thc, kch chu t vo nt OK. Access s g i thng tin c a b n t i my in theo cch c a b n. N u b n l a ch n h p Print to File, Access s h i b n tn t p s d ng nh hnh 2.

Hnh 2: H p tho i Print to File. y l m t h p tho i i u khi n t p tin chu n. B n c th s d ng s i u ch nh m n cung c p l a ch n v th m c ni ch a t p tin. T t c vi c c n lm l nh p tn t p mu n v kch chu t vo nt OK. Access s g i u ra c a my in vo a t p tin b n ch nh. N u my tnh c a b n c quy n truy c p t i nhi u my in hay n u b n c n ki m sot d li u in (c l b ng cch thay i h ng v l trang in), b n c th s d ng h p tho i Print Setup c ni n ph n ti p theo.

Bi 26:

i u ch nh trang in97

Gi ng nh nhi u chng trnh, Access cung c p y cc tnh nng c a mi tr ng Window. Access s d ng cc ti n ch in c cung c p b i mi tr ng Windows, c ngha l n c th s d ng b t k my in no Windows s d ng. B n khng th thm hay xa cc my in trong Access (n c s n trong Windows), nhng c th i u ch nh my in no Access g i thng tin v nh ng tnh nng my in m Access s s d ng. i u ch nh cc thao tc in, s d ng h p tho i Page Setup. B n c th m h p tho i Page Setup t nhi u cch khc nhau trong Access. B t c lc no s n sng in, m t cng c ho c th c n ty ch n cho php b n xem h p tho i Page Setup. Trong ph n l n cc tr ng h p, b n s m h p tho i b ng cch ch n ty ch n Page Setup t th c n File. H p tho i Page Setup hi n th nh hnh 1.

Hnh 1: H p tho i Page Setup. Chi ti t c a cc ph n trong h p tho i: Thi t l p L trang in (Printout Margins) Th u tin trong h p tho i Page Setup l Margins (hnh 1). D a vo d li u in, b n c th thay i m c nh l trang. L trang l kho ng tr ng bn tri m i trang gi y. Th Margins c a h p tho i Page Setup cho php b n i u ch nh l bn tri c a trang in l bao nhiu. thi t l p m t l trang, ch c n thay i thi t l p c m t trong 4 margins. M c nh cc l l 1 inch trn m i trang gi y. B n c th thay h p c margin b n mu n thay i v nh p m t gi tr m i. i cc margins ny, ch c n ch n

Ch : M t vi my in yu c u kho ng cch l t i thi u. V d , m t s my in laser ch in nh ng n i dung n m cch l gi y 1/4 inch. Trong tr ng h p ny, Access khng cho php b n thay i cc l t hn gi i h n nh c a98

my inThi t l p trang S d ng th Page c a h p tho i Page Setup (hnh 2) b n c th thay thng tin trn trang. i cch Access th ng t

Hnh 2: Th Page c a h p tho i Page Setup.

Ch : Ty ch n s n c trong h p tho i Page Setup ph n l n ph thu c vo lo i my in. N u m t s ty ch n khng hi n h u, ng lo b i v my in b n ang s d ng c th c cc ty ch n m nhi u ng i dng khc khng c.Thi t l p u tin b n c th ch nh trong h p tho i l nh h ng trang gi y. Th c t , y l m t thu t ng sai. B n ch t trang gi y l khng c nh h ng, l hnh nh t o b i Access m c nh h ng trong m i tng quan trang gi y. ch n nh h ng n m ngang hay d c, s d ng thi t l p trong vng Orientation pha trn cng h p tho i. Ti li u th ng in m c nh l gi y d c. i u ny c ngha khi b n c trang gi y, l thu h p l pha trn v pha d i c a trang. N u b n quay trang 90o v pha bn tri hay bn ph i, trang gi y s ch n m ngang l thu h p v pha bn tri v bn ph i trang. Ch quay ngang c ch khi b n in cc b ng c nhi u c t. N u my in c a b n h tr nhi u kch th c gi y, ch ng h n nh cc tiu chu n v trang tnh h p l, b n ch c n ch n c gi y b n mu n. ch n m t c gi y, thay i thng tin vng Paper c a h p tho i. D a vo my in, b n c th thay i c kch th c v ngu n trang gi y (hnh 2). B n nn ch n kch th c v ngu n gi y m th c hi n ph n l n ngha c a k t qu b n mu n t o. Thay i my in 99

Trnh i u khi n my in l ph n m m c bi t m Windows s d ng giao ti p v i my in. Ph n l n cc my in ph thu c vo ph n m m c bi t c a ring chng (ni cch khc, l trnh i u khi n driver my in ring). Hi m c my tnh no c ci t nhi u driver my in trong cng m t h th ng. Nhi u ng i c t nh t hai my in, ch ng h n nh my in m c v my in laser. M t s khc th s d ng my in trn my tnh cng m ng. V d , n u m t ng i no trong cng ty c a b n c m t my in laser phn gi i cao, b n ph i c m t driver my in c ci t trn my cho my in n u khng th khng th truy c p tr c ti p vo my in. Trong tr ng h p , b n c th xu t thng tin ra thnh m t t p tin v g i t p tin t i my in khc in thng tin. Access cho php b n l a ch n b t k my in no c trnh i u khi n ci t trong Windows. Tm l i, l a ch n m t driver my in cho bi t lo i my in b n mu n s d ng. Ch n m t driver my in t i vng Printer trong th Page c a h p tho i Page Setup. (hnh 2). Thng th ng ch n thi t l p Defa