vertebrates of the wet tropics rainforests of australia

Rainforest CRCHeadquarters at James Cook University, Smithfield, Cairns

Postal address: PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, AUSTRALIAPhone: (07) 4042 1246 Fax: (07) 4042 1247

Email: [email protected]://www.rainforest-crc.jcu.edu.au

The Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management (Rainforest CRC) is a research partnership involving the Commonwealth and Queensland State Governments, the Wet Tropics Management Authority, the tourism industry, Aboriginal groups, the CSIRO,

James Cook University, Griffith University and The University of Queensland.

Vertebrates of theWet Tropics Rainforests

of Australia

Species Distributions and Biodiversity

Stephen E. Williams

Vertebrates of the W

et Tropics Rainforests of A

ustralia Stephen E. W

illiams

Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management

VERTEBRATE ATLAS

VERTEBRATES OF THE WET TROPICS RAINFORESTS

OF AUSTRALIA

SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS AND BIODIVERSITY

Stephen E. Williams School of Tropical Biology, James Cook University

and Rainforest CRC

Established and supported under the

Australian Cooperative Research Centres Program

© Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management. ISBN 0 86443 762 5 This work is copyright. The Copyright Act 1968 permits fair dealing for study, research, news reporting, criticism or review. Selected passages, tables or diagrams may be reproduced for such purposes provided acknowledgment of the source is included. Major extracts of the entire document may not be reproduced by any process without written permission of the Chief Executive Officer, Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management. Published by the Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management. Further copies may be requested from the Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns QLD Australia 4870. This publication should be cited as: Williams, S. E. (2006) Vertebrates of the Wet Tropics Rainforests of Australia: Species Distributions and Biodiversity. Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management. Rainforest CRC, Cairns, Australia (282 pp.) May 2006 Photographs contained within this report including cover photographs are copyright. Cover Images © Top: Amethystine Python, Morelia kinghorn (Photo: Stephen E. Williams) Centre: Superb Fruit-Dove, Ptilinopus superbus (Photo: Michael Cermak) Bottom: White-lipped Treefrog, Litoria infrafrenata (Photo: Stephen E. Williams) Colour Plates © Plate 1: Wompoo Fruit-Dove, Ptilinopus magnificus (Photo: Michael Cermak) Plate 2: Southern Cassowary, Casuarius casuarius (Photo: Michael Cermak) Plate 3: Boyd’s Forest Dragon, Hypsilurus boydii (Photo: Stephen E. Williams) Plate 4: Green-eyed Treefrog, Litoria genimaculata (Photo: Stephen E. Williams) To request further copies of this document or to request individual maps, contact the author by email: [email protected] Layout by Shannon Hogan and Annette Bryan. The Rainforest CRC extends thanks to Michael Cermak for use of photographs.

Vertebrates of the Wet Tropics Rainforests of Australia

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CONTENTS List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures........................................................................................................................... ii Colour Plates............................................................................................................................iii Foreword .................................................................................................................................vii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................vii Index to Maps.........................................................................................................................viii

1. Introduction....................................................................................................................1 1.1. Global Climate Change in the Wet Tropics.............................................................6

2. Methods..........................................................................................................................9 2.1. Distribution Data .....................................................................................................9 2.2. Distribution Maps....................................................................................................9 2.2.1. Bioclimatic Models of Species Distribution .................................................9 2.2.2. Biogeographic Limits.................................................................................10 2.2.3. Habitat Preference....................................................................................10 2.2.4. Prediction of Climate Change Impacts......................................................11 2.2.5. Species Richness Maps............................................................................11

3. Results, Discussion and Maps...................................................................................13 3.1. Species Distribution Maps ....................................................................................13 3.2. Species Richness .................................................................................................14

4. References ...................................................................................................................17 5. Appendices ..................................................................................................................23 A. Full Species List of Vertebrates that Occur in the Wet Tropics Biogeographic Region (Including Mount Elliot, a Wet Tropics Outlier) .................23 B. Species Richness Maps and Species Distribution Maps......................................57 C. Electronic Version of Vertebrates of the Wet Tropics Rainforests of Australia: Distributions and Biodiversity (CD-ROM) ................................. Enclosed

Stephen E. Williams

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of terrestrial vertebrate species richness in the Wet Tropics by

taxonomic class ....................................................................................................14 Table 2: Summary of the number of species by conservation status .................................15 Table 3: Number of species that utilise rainforest to varying degrees in the

Wet Tropics...........................................................................................................15 Table 4: Full species list of vertebrates that occur in the Wet Tropics biogeographic

region (including Mount Elliot, a Wet Tropics outlier) ...........................................27

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The distribution of rainforests within the Wet Tropics bioregion .............................3 Figure 2: Subregions of the Wet Tropics bioregion. Upland subregions more than

three hundred metres above sea level are indicated in blue in the legend.............4 Figure 3: Changes across the elevational gradient in bird species richness and

abundance..............................................................................................................6

COLOUR PLATES Plate 1: Wompoo Fruit-Dove, Ptilinopus magnificus (Map 49) ............................................iii Plate 2: Southern Cassowary, Casuarius casuarius (Map 39) ........................................... iv Plate 3: Boyd’s Forest Dragon, Hypsilurus boydii (Map 130) .............................................. v Plate 4: Green-eyed Treefrog, Litoria genimaculata (Map 162).......................................... vi

iii

Plate 1: Wompoo Fruit-Dove, Ptilinopus magnificus (Map 49).

iv

Plate 2: Southern Cassowary, Casuarius casuarius (Map 39).

v

Plate 3: Boyd’s Forest Dragon, Hypsilurus boydii (Map 130).

vi

Plate 4: Green-eyed Treefrog, Litoria genimaculata (Map 162).


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FOREWORD One of the most basic elements of ecology and conservation biology is knowing what species occur in what places. As conceptually simple as this may sound, it is an incredibly difficult and complex undertaking, although probably the single most important fact underpinning all of ecology. It is impossible to make informed decisions about conservation management without some knowledge on the general geographic distributions of species. The aim of this report is to provide readers with my best estimate of the distribution of as many species of rainforest vertebrates as possible at this time within the Wet Tropics bioregion. Understanding biodiversity necessitates understanding the factors that determine the distribution of each constituent species. Approximately 350 species of vertebrates occur in the rainforests of the Wet Tropics bioregion, however, only about 153 species have their core distributions in the rainforest. In this report, I present distribution maps for the 177 species of Wet Tropics vertebrates where there was sufficient data to produce a useful map (the vast majority of true rainforest species), and twelve species richness maps based on overlaid distribution maps (Appendix B). The distribution maps represent a combination of bioclimatic modeling, habitat preferences, biogeographic distributions and expert knowledge. Also included is a comprehensive species list of all vertebrates in the Wet Tropics bioregion (Appendix A), with information on the conservation status, range size (of the mapped species), habitat specialisation and summaries of species richness by taxa both in spatially continuous maps and in tabulated form. The CD-ROM enclosed in the back cover (Appendix C) provides a PDF version of this report, which is embedded with hyperlinks to enable easy viewing of any species maps from the Index to Maps and those mapped species listed in Appendix A.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the following people and organisations for helping to make this report possible either by their personal efforts or through financial support: Emily Bolitho, Sam Fox, Sara Townsend, Joanne Isaac, Ant Backer, Luke Shoo, Yvette Williams, Jeff Middleton, Richard Pearson, Jo Weineke, Earthwatch volunteers, the Australian Research Council, the Rainforest CRC, James Cook University, National Geographic, the National Science Foundation, field volunteers too numerous to name and data contributors (see appendix in Williams et al. 1996).

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INDEX TO MAPS SPECIES RICHNESS MAPS

Map 1: Species Richness of Rainforest Vertebrates ..................................................59 Map 2: Species Richness of Endemic Rainforest Vertebrates ...................................60 Map 3: Species Richness of Listed Rainforest Species .............................................61 Map 4: Species Richness of Rainforest Mammals .....................................................62 Map 5: Species Richness of Endemic Rainforest Mammals ......................................63 Map 6: Species Richness of Rainforest Birds.............................................................64 Map 7: Species Richness of Endemic Rainforest Birds..............................................65 Map 8: Species Richness of Rainforest Reptiles........................................................66 Map 9: Species Richness of Endemic Rainforest Reptiles.........................................67 Map 10: Species Richness of Rainforest Frogs............................................................68 Map 11: Species Richness of Endemic Non-Microhylid Frogs .....................................69 Map 12: Species Richness of Endemic Microhylid Frogs.............................................70 SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Monotremes

Map 13: Platypus ............................................Ornithorhynchus anatinus ....................73 Mammals

Map 14: Rusty Antechinus.............................. Antechinus adustus..............................77 Map 15: Yellow-footed Antechinus ................. Antechinus flavipes ..............................78 Map 16: Atherton Antechinus ......................... Antechinus godmani ............................79 Map 17: Spotted-tailed Quoll .......................... Dasyurus maculates ............................80 Map 18: Long-nosed Bandicoot...................... Perameles nasuta ................................81 Map 19: Striped Possum ................................ Dactylopsila trivirgata...........................82 Map 20: Yellow-bellied Glider ......................... Petaurus australis ................................83 Map 21: Mahogany Glider .............................. Petaurus gracilis ..................................84 Map 22: Lemuroid Ringtail Possum................ Hemibelideus lemuroids.......................85 Map 23: Green Ringtail Possum..................... Pseudochirops archeri .........................86 Map 24: Daintree River Ringtail Possum........ Pseudochirulus cinereus ......................87 Map 25: Herbert River Ringtail Possum ......... Pseudochirulus herbertensis................88 Map 26: Coppery Brushtail Possum ............... Trichosurus vulpecula ..........................89 Map 27: Long-tailed Pygmy Possum .............. Cercartetus caudatus ...........................90 Map 28: Northern Bettong .............................. Bettongia tropica ..................................91 Map 29: Musky Rat-kangaroo......................... Hypsiprymnodon moschatus................92 Map 30: Bennett's Tree-kangaroo .................. Dendrolagus bennettianus ...................93 Map 31: Lumholtz's Tree-kangaroo ................ Dendrolagus lumholtzi .........................94 Map 32: Red-legged Pademelon .................... Thylogale stigmatica ............................95 Map 33: Fawn-footed Melomys ...................... Melomys cervinipes .............................96 Map 34: Prehensile-tailed Rat ........................ Pogonomys mollipilosus ......................97 Map 35: Bush Rat ........................................... Rattus fuscipes ....................................98


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Map 36: Cape York Rat .................................. Rattus leucopus ...................................99 Map 37: Giant White-tailed Rat....................... Uromys caudimaculatus.....................100 Map 38: Masked White-tailed Rat................... Uromys hadrourus .............................101 Birds

Map 39: Southern Cassowary ........................ Casuarius casuarius ..........................105 Map 40: Australian Brush Turkey ................... Alectura lathami .................................106 Map 41: Orange-footed Scrubfowl.................. Megapodius reinwardt........................107 Map 42: Grey Goshawk .................................. Accipiter novaehollandiae ..................108 Map 43: Red-necked Crake............................ Rallina tricolor ....................................109 Map 44: Emerald Dove ................................... Chalcophaps indica............................110 Map 45: White-headed Pigeon ....................... Columba leucomela ...........................111 Map 46: Pied Imperial Pigeon......................... Ducula bicolor ....................................112 Map 47: Topknot Pigeon................................. Lopholaimus antarcticus ....................113 Map 48: Brown Cuckoo-Dove......................... Macropygia amboinensis ...................114 Map 49: Wompoo Fruit-Dove.......................... Ptilinopus magnificus .........................115 Map 50: Rose-crowned Fruit-Dove................. Ptilinopus regina ................................116 Map 51: Superb Fruit-Dove ............................ Ptilinopus superbus............................117 Map 52: Sulphur-crested Cockatoo ................ Cacatua galerita .................................118 Map 53: Australian King Parrot....................... Alisterus scapularis ............................119 Map 54: Double-eyed Fig-Parrot .................... Cyclopsitta diophthalma .....................120 Map 55: Crimson Rosella ............................... Platycercus elegans ...........................121 Map 56: Scaly-breasted Lorikeet .................... Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus............122 Map 57: Rainbow Lorikeet .............................. Trichoglossus haematodus ................123 Map 58: Chestnut-breasted Cuckoo ............... Cacomantis castaneiventris ...............124 Map 59: Fan-tailed Cuckoo............................. Cacomantis flabelliformis ...................125 Map 60: Brush Cuckoo ................................... Cacomantis variolosus .......................126 Map 61: Shining Bronze-Cuckoo (Golden) ..... Chrysococcyx lucidus ........................127 Map 62: Gould's Bronze-Cuckoo.................... Chrysococcyx russatus ......................128 Map 63: Oriental Cuckoo ................................ Cuculus saturatus ..............................129 Map 64: Common Koel ................................... Eudynamys scolopacea .....................130 Map 65: Southern Boobook ............................ Ninox novaeseelandiae......................131 Map 66: Rufous Owl ....................................... Ninox rufa...........................................132 Map 67: Lesser Sooty Owl.............................. Tyto multipunctata..............................133 Map 68: Papuan Frogmouth ........................... Podargus papuensis ..........................134 Map 69: White-rumped Swiftlet....................... Collocalia spodiopygius .....................135 Map 70: Azure Kingfisher ............................... Alcedo azurea ....................................136 Map 71: Little Kingfisher ................................. Alcedo pusilla.....................................137 Map 72: Laughing Kookaburra ....................... Dacelo novaeguineae ........................138 Map 73: Buff-breasted Paradise-Kingfisher.... Tanysiptera sylvia ..............................139 Map 74: Rainbow Bee-eater ........................... Merops ornatus ..................................140 Map 75: Noisy Pitta......................................... Pitta versicolor ...................................141 Map 76: White-throated Treecreeper.............. Cormobates leucophaeus ..................142 Map 77: Mountain Thornbill ............................ Acanthiza katherina ...........................143 Map 78: Large-billed Gerygone ...................... Gerygone magnirostris.......................144 Map 79: Brown Gerygone............................... Gerygone mouki.................................145 Map 80: Fernwren...........................................Oreoscopus gutturalis ........................146

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Map 81: Yellow-throated Scrubwren............... Sericornis citreogularis.......................147 Map 82: White-browed Scrubwren ................. Sericornis frontalis .............................148 Map 83: Atherton Scrubwren .......................... Sericornis keri ....................................149 Map 84: Large-billed Scrubwren..................... Sericornis magnirostris ......................150 Map 85: Eastern Spinebill ............................... Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris.............151 Map 86: Bridled Honeyeater ........................... Lichenostomus frenatus .....................152 Map 87: Graceful Honeyeater......................... Meliphaga gracilis ..............................153 Map 88: Lewin's Honeyeater .......................... Meliphaga lewinii................................154 Map 89: Yellow-spotted Honeyeater............... Meliphaga notata ...............................155 Map 90: Dusky Honeyeater ............................ Myzomela obscura .............................156 Map 91: Scarlet Honeyeater ........................... Myzomela sanguinolenta ...................157 Map 92: Helmeted Friarbird ............................ Philemon buceroides .........................158 Map 93: Macleay's Honeyeater ...................... Xanthotis macleayana........................159 Map 94: Grey-headed Robin .......................... Heteromyias albispecularis ................160 Map 95: Pale-yellow Robin ............................. Tregellasia capito...............................161 Map 96: Chowchilla ........................................Orthonyx spaldingii ............................162 Map 97: Eastern Whipbird .............................. Psophodes olivaceus .........................163 Map 98: Bowers Shrike-Thrush ...................... Colluricincla boweri ............................164 Map 99: Little Shrike-Thrush........................... Colluricincla megarhyncha .................165 Map 100: Golden Whistler ................................ Pachycephala pectoralis ....................166 Map 101: Pied Monarch.................................... Arses kaupi ........................................167 Map 102: Spangled Drongo.............................. Dicrurus bracteatus ............................168 Map 103: Yellow-breasted Boatbill ................... Machaerirhynchus flaviventer ............169 Map 104: White-eared Monarch ....................... Monarcha leucotis..............................170 Map 105: Black-faced Monarch ........................ Monarcha melanopsis........................171 Map 106: Spectacled Monarch ......................... Monarcha trivirgatus ..........................172 Map 107: Grey Fantail ...................................... Rhipidura fuliginosa ...........................173 Map 108: Rufous Fantail................................... Rhipidura rufifrons..............................174 Map 109: Barred Cuckoo-Shrike ...................... Coracina lineate .................................175 Map 110: Varied Triller ..................................... Lalage leucomela ...............................176 Map 111: Yellow Oriole..................................... Oriolus flavocinctus............................177 Map 112: Olive-backed Oriole .......................... Oriolus sagittatus ...............................178 Map 113: White-breasted Woodswallow .......... Artamus leucorynchus .......................179 Map 114: Black Butcherbird.............................. Cracticus quoyi ..................................180 Map 115: Pied Currawong ................................ Strepera graculina..............................181 Map 116: Victoria's Riflebird ............................. Ptiloris victoriae..................................182 Map 117: Spotted Catbird................................. Ailuroedus melanotis..........................183 Map 118: Golden Bowerbird ............................. Prionodura newtoniana ......................184 Map 119: Satin Bowerbird ................................ Ptilonorhynchus violaceus .................185 Map 120: Tooth-billed Bowerbird...................... Scenopoeetes dentirostris .................186 Map 121: Mistletoebird ..................................... Dicaeum hirundinaceum ....................187 Map 122: Silvereye ...........................................Zosterops lateralis..............................188 Map 123: Bassian Thrush................................. Zoothera lunulata ...............................189 Map 124: Metallic Starling ................................ Aplonis metallica ................................190 Map 125: Blue-faced Parrot-Finch.................... Erythrura trichroa ...............................191


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Reptiles

Map 126: Chameleon Gecko ............................ Carphodactylus laevis........................195 Map 127: (No common name) .......................... Nactus cheverti ..................................196 Map 128: Black Mountain gecko.......................Nactus galgajuga ...............................197 Map 129: Northern Leaf-tailed Gecko............... Saltuarius cornutus ............................198 Map 130: Boyd's Forest Dragon ....................... Hypsilurus boydii................................199 Map 131: Eastern Water Dragon ...................... Physignathus lesueurii .......................200 Map 132: Spotted Tree Monitor ........................ Varanus scalaris ................................201 Map 133: Thornton Peak Skink ........................ Calyptotis thorntonensis.....................202 Map 134: Northern Red-throated Skink ............ Carlia rubrigularis ...............................203 Map 135: (No common name) .......................... Coeranoscincus frontalis....................204 Map 136: (No common name) .......................... Eulamprus frerei.................................205 Map 137: (No common name) .......................... Eulamprus tigrinus .............................206 Map 138: Grey-tailed Skink .............................. Glaphyromorphus fuscicaudis............207 Map 139: (No common name) .......................... Glaphyromorphus mjobergi................208 Map 140: Prickly Forest Skink .......................... Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae .........209 Map 141: (No common name) .......................... Lampropholis coggeri.........................210 Map 142: (No common name) .......................... Lampropholis robertsi ........................211 Map 143: (No common name) .......................... Saproscincus basiliscus .....................212 Map 144: Czechura's Litter Skink ..................... Saproscincus czechurai .....................213 Map 145: (No common name) .......................... Saproscincus lewisi............................214 Map 146: Four-toed Litter Skink ....................... Saproscincus tetradactylus ................215 Map 147: Bartle Frere Skink ............................. Techmarscincus jigurru ......................216 Map 148: Amethystine Python.......................... Morelia kinghorn ................................217 Map 149: Carpet Python................................... Morelia spilota ....................................218 Map 150: Brown Tree Snake ............................ Boiga irregularis .................................219 Map 151: Northern Tree Snake ........................ Dendrelaphis calligastra.....................220 Map 152: Common Tree Snake........................ Dendrelaphis punctulata ....................221 Map 153: Slaty-grey Snake .............................. Stegonotus cucullatus ........................222 Map 154: Keelback ...........................................Tropidonophis mairii...........................223 Map 155: Northern Dwarf Crowned Snake....... Cacophis churchilli .............................224 Map 156: Eastern Small-Eyed Snake............... Cryptophis nigrescens .......................225 Map 157: Yellow-faced Whipsnake .................. Demansia psammophis .....................226 Map 158: Black-bellied Swamp Snake ............. Hemiaspis signata..............................227 Map 159: Red-bellied Black Snake................... Pseudechis porphyriacus ...................228 Map 160: Rough-scaled Snake ........................ Tropidechis carinatus.........................229 Frogs

Map 161: Eastern Sedgefrog............................ Litoria fallax........................................233 Map 162: Green-eyed Treefrog ........................ Litoria genimaculata ...........................234 Map 163: White-lipped Treefrog ....................... Litoria infrafrenata ..............................235 Map 164: Stony-creek Frog .............................. Litoria lesueuri....................................236 Map 165: Armoured Mistfrog ............................ Litoria lorica........................................237 Map 166(a): Waterfall Frog ................................... Litoria nannotis.......... (All Records) ...238 Map 166(b): Waterfall Frog ................................... Litoria nannotis........ (Post-Decline) ...239 Map 167: Striped Rocketfrog ............................ Litoria nasuta .....................................240

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Map 168: Mountain Mistfrog ............................. Litoria nyakalensis .............................241 Map 169 (a): Common Mistfrog ............................. Litoria rheocola ......... (All Records) ...242 Map 169(b): Common Mistfrog ............................. Litoria rheocola ....... (Post-Decline) ...243 Map 170: Northern Orange-eyed Treefrog ....... Litoria xanthomera .............................244 Map 171(a): Australian Lace-lid ............................ Nyctimystes dayi ....... (All Records) ...245 Map 171(b): Australian Lace-lid ............................ Nyctimystes dayi ..... (Post-Decline) ...246 Map 172: Striped Marshfrog ............................. Limnodynastes peronii .......................247 Map 173: Northern Barred Frog........................ Mixophyes schevilli ............................248 Map 174: Northern Barred Frog spp. A ............ Mixophyes species A .........................249 Map 175: Magnificent Broodfrog....................... Pseudophryne covacevichae .............250 Map 176: Sharp-snouted Dayfrog..................... Taudactylus acutirostris .....................251 Map 177: Northern Tinkerfrog........................... Taudactylus rheophilus ......................252 Map 178: Tableland Gungan ............................ Uperoleia altissima.............................253 Map 179: Cricket Chirper.................................. Austrochaperina fryi ...........................254 Map 180: White-browed Chirper....................... Austrochaperina pluvialis ...................255 Map 181: Pealing Chirper ................................. Austrochaperina robusta ....................256 Map 182: Tapping Nursery ............................... Cophixalus aenigma ..........................257 Map 183: Windsor Nursery-Frog ...................... Cophixalus bombiens.........................258 Map 184: Beautiful Nursery-Frog...................... Cophixalus concinnus ........................259 Map 185: Bloomfield Nursery-Frog................... Cophixalus exiguous..........................260 Map 186: Pipping Nursery-Frog........................ Cophixalus hosmeri ...........................261 Map 187: Buzzing Nursery-Frog....................... Cophixalus infacetus..........................262 Map 188: Mountain Top Nursery-Frog.............. Cophixalus monticola .........................263 Map 189: Tangerine Nursery-Frog ................... Cophixalus neglectus.........................264 Map 190: Common Nursery-Frog ..................... Cophixalus ornatus ............................265 Map 191: Boulder Nursery-Frog ....................... Cophixalus saxatilis ...........................266 Map 192: Australian Bullfrog............................. Rana daemeli.....................................267


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1. INTRODUCTION I have been trying to understand the ecology of the rainforests in the Wet Tropics bioregion of north Queensland since 1986 when I started first year biology at James Cook University. I remember, as a child, driving past places like Mount Elliot, looking up into the mysterious, cloud-draped rainforests and wondering what was up there. I have been fortunate enough to not only find out what is up there but to have made a career out of it. I have now been to many mountaintops and steamy lowland forests and the contents of this report describe some aspects of the things I have found. During the past fifteen years, I have been attempting to understand the patterns and processes of rainforest biodiversity in the Wet Tropics and, more recently, how global climate change is likely to affect these rainforests. The Wet Tropics bioregion lies along the tropical northeastern coast of Queensland, between Cooktown in the north and Townsville in the south (Figure 1). It covers an area of approximately 1.8 million hectares, of which about one million hectares is rainforest. The Wet Tropics World Heritage Area (WTWHA) protects nearly 900,000 hectares of the region, primarily rainforest. The region is characterised by a series of disjunct mountain ranges running roughly parallel to the coast, with most of the mountains being covered in tropical rainforest. Rainfall within the rainforest areas varies from about 1,500 millimetres up to as much as 9,000 millimetres annually, although this is highly variable from year to year. Rainfall is strongly seasonal with most of the annual rainfall falling between December and February. When the Rainforest Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) first commenced in 1995, I conducted a review of what was known about the distribution and biodiversity of vertebrates in the region (Williams et al. 1996). At that stage, our distributional knowledge was surprisingly limited even for the better-known groups of vertebrates. We analysed the available data at the best resolution possible at the time, which was the presence/absence of species in each mountain range or subregion (Figure 2). These data and analyses were surprisingly informative considering the low resolution of the data, which lead me to include regional analyses of biodiversity in my PhD research and a number of publications on various aspects of ecology in the Wet Tropics (Williams 1997; Williams and Pearson 1997; Williams and Hero 1998, 2001; Graham et al. 2006). However, it was always recognised that we needed to move beyond subregional species richness and compile/collate/collect point locality data on species distributions and abundance. It was always considered important but too costly and time consuming to conduct systematic surveys across the region that would include the most important gradients. The contents of this report are based on systematic, standardised surveys that were funded and conducted under a variety of research projects. Standardising the techniques has meant that the samples from the different studies that I have conducted could be combined to finally have reasonable coverage of the region, albeit more than ten years later. It is now possible to move to continuous spatial analyses rather than simple subregional comparisons. In this report I present one step in this direction, that is, my best estimate of the distribution of most species of terrestrial rainforest vertebrate in the Wet Tropics, excluding bats. The backbone of this report is the maps of species richness and species distributions. They are not yet complete; many species do not yet have sufficient data to allow a realistic or reliable map and thus the maps presented here vary in their reliability, dependent on the amount and quality of the data input. However, I hope that these maps are useful at many levels. Biodiversity at its simplest level is the number of species in a place and this is what the combination of these maps is trying to estimate – which species are in which places.

Stephen E. Williams

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The Wet Tropics bioregion presents a unique opportunity to examine ecology and biogeography because the rainforests have been protected under World Heritage listing since 1988 and there is an extensive ecological and biophysical research base. Webb (1987) stated that the Australian Wet Tropics is one of the “most significant regional ecosystems in the world” as a key to understanding the origins of angiosperms, past climatic sifting and to understanding links with temperate Australia, Asia and South America. Considerable knowledge has become available on regional climate (Nix 1991), vegetation distribution (Tracey and Webb 1975; Goosem et al. 1995; Stanton and Stanton 2005), distribution of rainforest fauna (Winter et al. 1984; Winter 1988; Nix and Switzer 1991; McDonald 1992; Williams et al. 1996), patterns of phylogeography (Joseph et al. 1995; Schneider et al. 1998; Moritz et al. 2000; Hugall et al. 2002; Bell et al. 2004; Schneider and Williams 2005) and historical paleodistribution of vegetation and climate (Nix 1991; Kershaw 1994; Hilbert et al. 2001; Graham et al. 2006). Broad distributions and habitat preferences of many rainforest animals of the Wet Tropics have been well documented (Kikkawa 1976, 1982, 1991; Kikkawa and Pearse 1969; Kikkawa and Williams 1971; Kikkawa et al. 1981; Schodde and Calaby 1972; Driscoll and Kikkawa 1989; Crome and Nix 1991; Ingram 1991; Williams et al. 1996). The regionally endemic upland species are considered to be relicts of either an older connection with the upland fauna of New Guinea or from an older, cool temperate Australian fauna (Kikkawa et al. 1981). In contrast, the lowland rainforest of the Wet Tropics has a higher affinity with the rainforests of Cape York and New Guinea, with dispersal from the north over the paleohistory of the region being an important process (Kikkawa et al. 1981). Phylogeographic patterns based on molecular population genetics suggest that vicariant evolution in historical rainforest refugia has been an important influence on the fauna (Schneider and Williams 2005). However, the species are old (at least several million years) and the influence of the more recent Quaternary climate/habitat fluctuations has been via processes of non-random extinction and recolonisation rather than recent allopatric speciation (Schneider and Williams 2005). Data describing the detailed distributions of individual species within the region has been very patchy. While earlier studies have provided valuable basic information on species distributions, analyses of macro-ecological patterns of species richness and assemblage structure have been hampered by coarse resolution in the datasets with distribution data being limited to the scale of subregions (mountain ranges) (Winter et al. 1984; Winter 1988; McDonald 1992; Williams et al. 1996; Williams and Pearson 1997; Moritz et al. 2000; Williams and Hero 2001). Williams et al. (1996) suggested that in order to move beyond analyses based on coarse distribution data, it would be necessary to (a) compile point locality data rather than subregional (mountain range) species lists; (b) collect abundance data rather than presence/absence data; and (c) explicitly examine the elevational gradient in more detail. The elevational gradient is the primary ecological gradient driving patterns of species richness and composition in the Wet Tropics biogeographic region (Williams and Pearson 1997). Attempts have been made to expand knowledge on the elevational distribution and relative abundance of bird species; however, data has previously been restricted to a small number of species (Crome and Nix 1991; Wieneke 1992) or incompletely sampled mountain ranges within the region (Gill 1970; Kikkawa 1982; Boles and Longmore 1989). The comprehensive dataset used to produce these maps has been and is continuing to be used in a number of recent studies.


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Figure 1: The distribution of rainforests within the Wet Tropics bioregion.

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Legend AU ......Atherton Uplands BK.......Bellenden Ker / Bartle Frere BL .......Bloomfield Lowlands BM......Black Mountain Corridor CC ......Cairns / Cardwell Lowlands CL.......Cooktown Lowlands CU ......Carbine Uplands FU.......Finnegan Uplands HU ......Halifax Uplands HI........Hinchinbrook Island IL ........ Ingham Lowlands KU ......Kirrama Uplands LE.......Lee Uplands LU.......Lamb Uplands MF ......McAlister Foothills ML ......Mossman Lowlands MT ......Malbon / Thompson UplandsSU ......Spec Uplands TL .......Thornton Lowlands TU.......Thornton Uplands TV.......Townsville Lowlands WU .....Windsor Uplands

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Regionally endemic birds are known to exhibit complex variability in abundance within current elevation ranges (Shoo et al. 2005a) and the same has also been demonstrated for other vertebrate taxa in the region, including arboreal mammals (Trenerry and Werren 1993; Kanowski et al. 2001) and microhylid frogs (Shoo and Williams 2004). Species richness was previously considered to be highest in the lowlands (Kikkawa 1991), declining toward the uplands where a very different assemblage of species is apparent (Kikkawa 1982; Boles and Longmore 1989; Crome and Nix 1991). However, analyses based on subregional species richness suggested that species richness of rainforest birds in the upland and lowland forests were not significantly different and species richness and endemism were positively correlated with rainforest area and habitat diversity (Williams et al. 1996). With the recent availability of systematic standardised surveys of vertebrates across the region, detailed altitudinal patterns of species richness are now available (Williams et al. in press) (Figure 3). Historical contraction of rainforest to small refugia, followed by non-random species extinctions, may explain the general paucity of specialised species and low endemism in the lowlands (Williams and Pearson 1997). Molecular data provides additional support for the hypothesis that there were local extinctions during periods of rainforest contraction and subsequent expansion (Joseph et al. 1995; Schneider and Williams 2005). Protecting the biota and ecosystem functions of the Wet Tropics bioregion is only possible if we have some understanding of current patterns of biodiversity and the factors that maintain ecosystem processes and determine the distributions of species, assemblages and habitats. Therefore, it is imperative that we gain an understanding of the factors determining the distribution of species. The distribution and abundance of a species is determined by a number of complex and often interacting factors within four general categories (Brown and Lomolino 1998): 1. Biogeographic history (e.g. extinction episodes due to habitat contraction); 2. Physiological preferences and tolerances of species and habitats to the abiotic

environment (e.g. temperature, rainfall and climatic stability); 3. Biotic interactions (e.g. competition and predation); and 4. Disturbance (e.g. fire and cyclones). The maps included in this report are a step forward in the ongoing research to improve our knowledge of species distributions in the Wet Tropics region and the processes that determine these distributions. This knowledge is crucial if we are to maintain this unique ecosystem into the future, particularly in the face of global climate change. Until recently, the major threats to the biodiversity values of the Wet Tropics were habitat clearing, fragmentation, pests and diseases. It is now apparent that climate change and the interactions between a changing climate and other pressures are the key challenges we now face in protecting our tropical rainforests. The bioclimatic models that provided significant input into these maps largely influenced my decision to redirect my research efforts. Initially, my research was focused on understanding spatial patterns of biodiversity. I smugly thought that we had one of the best systems in the world for this research because we had a high-biodiversity area that was accessible, well studied and well protected. The realisation that climate change induced by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions could cause catastrophic impacts on the Wet Tropics was a shock. Since the early analyses predicting these impacts, the impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the Wet Tropics has been the primary focus of my research.

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Figure 3: Changes across the elevational gradient in bird species richness and abundance, (a) observed (Sobs – solid line) and estimated total species richness (Michaelis-Menton Means, Smmm – dashed line); and (b) bird density (mean number of individuals recorded in a survey) (after Williams et al. in review).

1.1 GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE WET TROPICS

There is no doubt that the global climate is changing due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Average temperatures have already risen approximately 0.6°C and are continuing to increase (Houghton et al. 2001). The Australian Bureau of Meteorology has announced that 2005 was the hottest year on record. Regional climate modeling in Australia suggests that during the remainder of this century we will experience an increase in average temperatures of 1.4 to 5.8°C, combined with increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Changes in rainfall patterns are also predicted with rainfall becoming more variable, longer dry spells and increased frequency of disturbance events such as flooding rains and cyclones (Easterling et al. 2000; Walsh and Ryan 2000; Milly et al. 2002; Palmer and Raianen 2002). Additionally, a rise in the average basal altitude of the orographic cloud layer is expected (Pounds et al. 1999), which will likely exacerbate the effects of longer and more variable dry seasons due to a reduction in cloud capture by the canopy in mountain rainforests (Still et al. 1999). It is now widely accepted that climate change is probably the most significant threat to global biodiversity and human well-being (Hughes 2000; Parmesan and Yohe 2003; Root et al. 2003; Thomas et al. 2004a,b; Root et al. 2005; Pounds et al. 2006). There is a common, though incorrect, perception that the impacts of climate change will be worse in temperate regions than in the tropics although it is generally accepted that all mountain biota are extremely vulnerable. Global biodiversity is concentrated in the tropics, where there are also often high levels of vulnerable species and restricted endemics. Mountain systems represent hotspots of biodiversity and endemism due to the compression of climatic zones over the elevational gradient (Körner 2002). It is this dependence on elevational gradients that makes these systems vulnerable to climate change. Many studies have demonstrated, or predicted, that climate change will result in shifts in the latitudinal and altitudinal range of affected species, with concomitant complex changes in assemblage structure and ecosystem function (Parmesan 1996; Hill et al. 2002; Peterson et

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al. 2002; Parmesan and Yohe 2003; Root et al. 2003). However, the rainforests of the Wet Tropics, Cape York and Eungella are each isolated habitats with no potential for rainforest endemics to move beyond their current bioregion. Furthermore, the biogeography of the region predisposes the fauna to being vulnerable to climate change for two reasons: 1. Endemic fauna are adapted to cool, wet and relatively aseasonal environments; and 2. The impacts of increasing temperatures should be most noticeable across altitudinal

gradients and, in this region, the altitudinal gradient and the associated complex topography dominate the biogeography of the region (Nix and Switzer 1991; Williams et al. 1996).

Predictive modeling of impacts on species distributions and population size suggested the potential for catastrophic extinctions in the Wet Tropics (Williams et al. 2003; Shoo et al. 2005a,b; Williams and Hilbert 2006). Bioclimatic models of the spatial distribution for endemic rainforests vertebrates predict that many species will lose the majority of their core habitat under relatively small increases in temperature, resulting in an amplification of extinction rates and a significant reduction in overall biodiversity in the region (Williams et al. 2003). In a recent study using population size and density rather than distributions (based on standardised abundance surveys) of Wet Tropics birds, Shoo et al. (2005a) predict that 74% of rainforest species will become threatened as a result of projected mid-range warming in the next one hundred years. However, extinction risk in rainforest birds varied according to where a species is currently most abundant along the altitudinal gradient. Upland birds are expected to be most affected and are likely to be immediately threatened by small increases in temperature. However, there is a capacity for the population size of lowland species to increase, at least in the short term. Many microhylid frog species are also predicted to suffer large declines in population size as climates that currently support high density populations of species on mountaintops are likely to disappear under moderate levels of climate warming (Williams et al. in review). It has also been predicted that for regionally endemic birds and frogs, as temperature increases, population size is likely to decline more rapidly than distribution area. This indicates that for these species, extinction risk associated with climate change will be more severe than expected from decline in distribution area alone (Shoo et al. 2005; Shoo 2005). Finally, Williams et al. (in revision) found that species richness and density of Wet Tropics rainforest birds is highest at elevations of six to eight hundred metres (Figure 3) and is positively related to net primary productivity and energy input. The authors suggest that an increase in temperature due to global warming may result in an increase in net primary productivity that could ameliorate some of the predicted negative effects of climate change on upland rainforest birds (Williams et al. in revision). It is not only the vertebrates that are expected to suffer from climate change. Studies on invertebrate fauna have found many species restricted to high altitudes, including low vagility arthropods (Monteith 1985,1995; Monteith and Davies 1991), schizophoran flies (Wilson et al. in review) and ants (Yek unpublished data). These results suggest that the impacts in the invertebrate assemblages will be similar to those previously predicted for regionally endemic vertebrates by Williams et al. (2003). Ultimately, the impacts of global climate change will depend on two factors; firstly, the final, realised degree of change, and secondly, the resilience of the species and ecosystem in question. The relative resilience of a species will depend on its ability to adapt via ecological or evolutionary plasticity within biogeographic constraints such as habitat connectivity. The imperative now is to understand the patterns and processes of the rainforest ecosystem in

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order to allow effective conservation management. Knowing which species occur in any given area is a basic, but vitally important, piece of information for almost all aspects of ecology, conservation, natural resource management, impact assessment and general natural history. I hope these maps and summaries will be useful in all of these areas of interest.


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2. METHODS 2.1. DISTRIBUTION DATA

Distributional data on all terrestrial vertebrates were collected during intensive field surveys across the region and by collating all available sources from literature and institutional databases. Realistic distribution models require good coverage of the range of environments present within the distribution of each species, and thus the regional coverage of both geographic and environmental space was analysed and additional standardised surveys were carried out to fill gaps in both geographic and environmental space as much as possible. Total survey effort across the bioregion included over 1,200 bird surveys, 600 reptile surveys, 300 spotlighting transects, approximately 50,000 trap nights for small mammals, 150 stream-frog surveys, 300 microhylid frog surveys and approximately 7,000 miscellaneous records collected during field work. Other major sources of data included the Birds Australia Atlas of Australian Birds and the QPWS WildNet fauna database of the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. Individual biologists who have worked in the Wet Tropics provided important additional records (see special reference section in Williams et al. 1996). The resulting database contains about 100,000 spatially referenced records of over 600 terrestrial vertebrate species. Each record was checked for both positional and taxonomic reliability and only records of high reliability were retained in the analyses. 2.2. DISTRIBUTION MAPS

The maps presented in this report are my best estimate of the distribution of each species given available data. The production of each distribution map involved a three-step process: a) A bioclimatic model of the spatial distribution of the species was produced; b) The resulting climatic map was clipped using the habitat preferences of each species;

and c) Maps were then clipped by known biogeographic limits of the species distribution. The aim was to produce a distribution map that was as accurate as possible within the limits of my knowledge of each species. The process is ongoing and all new data improves the accuracy of the maps. Each of these three steps is outlined in more detail below. 2.2.1. Bioclimatic Models of Species Distribution

The modeling program we used was BIOCLIM, a part of the ANUCLIM 5.1 package (Houlder et al. 2000). The digital elevation model used for the region had a pixel resolution of 80m x 80m. BIOCLIM generates up to thirty-five climatic parameters based on maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall, radiation and evaporation. However, unrestricted use of so many variables in a climatic envelope method results in over-parameterisation and loss of predictive power of the models, therefore we restricted the environmental variables to ten parameters that had previously demonstrated significance in explaining biological patterns of diversity within the region: 1. The mean annual temperature; 2. Intra-annual variability of monthly mean temperature; 3. Maximum temperature of the warmest quarter; 4. Minimum temperature of the coldest quarter;

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5. Mean annual precipitation; 6. Intra-annual variability of monthly mean precipitation; 7. Precipitation of the wettest quarter; 8. Precipitation of the driest quarter; 9. Annual mean radiation; and 10. Intra-annual variability of monthly mean radiation. This set of variables was selected after extensive multiple regression modeling of each vertebrate group, combined with biological knowledge on each group. The aim was to use the minimum number of variables possible that filled several criteria, where: a) The variable was consistently significant in statistical analyses relating to the spatial

patterns of biodiversity and abundance of vertebrates; and b) The set of variables represented minimums, maximums and means of both temperature

and rainfall. Restricting the analysis to these relatively simple climatic variables makes the biological significance of the variables easier to interpret. Core environmental distribution was defined as the areas where the climatic parameters fall within the fifth and ninety-fifth percentiles of the values of the parameters in the species profile. Bioclimatic envelope methods such as BIOCLIM generally overestimate distribution area since, by definition, they do not take habitat preferences, biotic exclusion (e.g. due to competition) or biogeographic barriers into account. Each distribution map from the bioclimatic modeling was therefore clipped by habitat preferences and known biogeographic limits. In any cases where there was uncertainty in habitat preference or the species biogeographic distribution was poorly known, the models were not clipped to make them as conservative as possible. 2.2.2. Biogeographic Limits

Current distribution models were evaluated by comparison with known patterns of subregional occurrence (Williams et al. 1996) and a huge investment in fieldwork over the last ten years has gone into checking these biogeographical distributions. Based on these data, the subregional distribution patterns of most species are well known. When the bioclimatic model predicted suitable environment in a subregion where I was highly confident that the species was not present due to a biogeographic barrier (e.g. Herbert River gorge), the predicted area was removed from the map. If there was any doubt that the species might occur there, the predicted distribution was not edited. Just as some species have been overestimated, I am sure that some species with few records will have been underestimated. 2.2.3. Habitat Preference

Often, the correct climatic combination may be present but in areas of unsuitable habitat. In order to take this into account as best as possible, I allocated each species a ranking from 0 (zero) to six (6) to describe their relative degree of rainforest specialisation, with a 6 being a rainforest obligate and 0 (zero) being a species that does not occur in rainforest (see Appendix A). The rankings are basically my opinion; however, they are based on quantitative measures of abundance based on over two thousand surveys across the region and across rainforest habitat boundaries. For many species, detailed quantitative data is available but the ranking used was considered to be the highest resolution that could consistently be applied across all species presented here.


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2.2.4. Prediction of Climate Change Impacts

I chose a range of temperature increase scenarios to encompass the predicted range (1.4 to 5.8°C in Houghton et al. 2001) including temperature increases of + 1°C, + 3.5°C, + 5°C and + 7°C. These increases were applied to each of the three temperature variables uniformly across the region. We used the bioclimatic models based on current species distribution to predict distributional changes with increasing temperature and subsequent changes to regional patterns of biodiversity. The area of core environment remaining at the different temperature scenarios formed the basis of analyses. Overlaying species distribution models within each climate change scenario produced species richness maps. These climate change impact predictions have been previously published in Williams et al. (2003) and Thomas et al. (2004a; 2004b). 2.2.5. Species Richness Maps

Continuous maps of species richness were produced by overlaying the distribution maps of each species in ARC-GIS and counting the number of species within a given taxonomic group whose core distribution was predicted to occur in each grid cell (80 m x 80 m pixels). Since only species with enough data to enable a reasonable predictive map of distribution can be included in the analysis, and since I chose only to include the bioclimatic core distribution area, these maps represent spatial maps of relative species richness, not absolute total species richness. The absolute numbers will not be completely correct, with total species richness being greater than the mapped numbers. However, the relative pattern of species richness is realistic and has been confirmed by many other analyses of empirical field data using my standardised survey data. The spatial patterns of diversity hotspots, etc. should be realistic and useful for broad regional scale conservation planning.


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3. RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND MAPS 3.1. SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS

The main value in this report is the species distribution maps presented in Appendix B. These maps are my best estimation of the distribution of these species at the time of going to print. They are constantly being updated as new records are obtained. Any records with accurate spatial details and taxonomic identification can improve the maps, so feedback from anyone who has additional records is always welcome. The maps are an amalgamation of a bioclimatic species distribution model that is then corrected by the combination of my knowledge of habitat preferences and the best-known biogeographic limits (e.g. I am highly confident that the Prickly Forest Skink, Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae, does not occur in the Mount Spec range even though there is suitable habitat and climate in that subregion). The maps are a mixture of an objective, quantitative model and expert knowledge. Obviously, there is still plenty of room for improvement through the discovery of extensions in distributions, especially in cryptic fauna like many reptiles, and through new knowledge on their degree of habitat specificity. Again, feedback on these aspects is welcome and will continue to improve our knowledge. Another variable that affects the interpretation of the maps is the quantity of data for a particular species and the spatial spread of the records. Species with few records or many records that are clumped produce models that have poor resolution of the differences between the core, marginal and total range of a species. In these cases, the estimate of total range may be reasonable but the definition of the core area can be poor. In general, the maps for the rainforest species (RF>3, see Key to Abbreviations and Codes Used in Table 4, Appendix A) are much better than forest generalist species because most of the latter have distributions outside the region and the model is much less accurate. Distributions in the uplands are better than the lowland predictions because there have been more field surveys conducted in the uplands. I am currently conducting standardised surveys across the available elevational gradient and this work will continue to improve the accuracy of the lowland mapping. However, I feel that the distributions of many species are underestimated in the lowlands and, as a result, species richness in the lowlands are also likely to have been underestimated. The overall relative pattern is realistic but the difference between upland and lowland is not quite as dramatic as the species richness maps suggest. Detailed, accurate elevational analyses are currently underway (e.g. bird diversity and abundance across altitude, Williams et al. in review). There are minor errors associated with the spatial mapping of vegetation that is used to clip the bioclimatic models and a further source of variance in the estimates of habitat specificity of each species. When there was some uncertainty about the habitat preferences of a species or its biogeographic limits, the bioclimatic maps were not adjusted by habitat. Another problem is the scale of the maps, very small patches of rainforest are impossible to see at this scale and many species may still exist in tiny refugial patches or narrow riparian strips within these largely cleared areas, such as the Atherton Tablelands. However, any patches this small are not likely to be major populations when considering the overall distribution and conservation status of a species in the region. Some species, such as the cassowary, are capable of crossing non-rainforest habitats, so records will sometimes occur outside the shown distribution of rainforest habitat, even though that species’ distribution has been clipped by the extent of closed forest. Although there are many sources of error, I believe that these maps are as accurate as possible given current knowledge and therefore provide the best representation to date of the fine-scale distribution of these species. I have

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provided a subjective guide, based on my knowledge, to the reliability of each map as follows:

A useful guide, however delineation of core, marginal and range estimates is unreliable. A reasonable map, with some delineation of core, marginal and range limits.

A good map, with lots of records, that is probably reliable in most aspects. I have included species richness maps for each separate taxa, regional endemics, species that are listed on the Nature Conservation Act 2001 and combined totals (Appendix B). These biodiversity maps should be treated as a spatial pattern rather than absolute numbers of species as they are compilations of the species maps, and since not all species could be mapped the numbers of species are not entirely accurate. However, I believe the patterns to be relatively robust and realistic. They are very useful in visualising the spatial distribution of biodiversity in the region and the hotspots of endemism, species richness and rare species. I hope they provide a useful management tool. 3.2. SPECIES RICHNESS

Tables 1 to 3 are simply descriptive statistics of the rainforest vertebrate fauna and are an updated version of the figures presented in Williams et al. (1996). The spatial patterns of species richness are shown in Maps 1-12 in Appendix B. Table 1: Summary of terrestrial vertebrate species richness in the Wet Tropics by taxonomic class. Figures shown in parentheses indicate the percentage of the total number of species in Australia. Levels of endemism are expressed as the number of species endemic to the Wet Tropics biogeographic region, and regional endemism is the proportion of species that are restricted to the Wet Tropics. Edge species are those that primarily occur in adjacent regions and which only occur on the edge of the Wet Tropics.

Taxa Number of Species

(Percentage of Australian Total)

Number of Introduced

Species

Number of Edge

Species Number of Families

Number of Endemic Species (Percentage of Regionally

Endemic Species)

Mammals 117 (48%) 10 9 23 14 (12%) Birds 338 (46%) 4 16 66 12 (4%) Reptiles 161 (26%) 1 35 12 30 (19%) Frogs 60 (30%) 1 5 5 27 (45%) Total 676 16 65 106 83 (12%)


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Table 2: Summary of the number of species by conservation status. Very Important Species (VIS) are those species or subspecies that are either endemic to the Wet Tropics and/or have a rare and threatened status (see Appendix A). Restricted endemics are Wet Tropics endemics that have very small distributions within the Wet Tropics, usually confined to a single subregion. Numbers of rare and threatened species follow the Nature Conservation Act 2001 (E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable; R = Rare). Figures shown in parentheses in the VIS column represent the percentage of all species in each group within the region.

Table 3: Number of species that utilise rainforest to varying degrees in the Wet Tropics (refer Appendix A for species-specific specialisation rankings). Key: 0 = does not occur in rainforest; 1 = occasionally recorded in rainforest; 2 = use rainforest as sub-optimal/marginal habitat; 3 = commonly recorded in rainforest but not the species’ core habitat; 4 = rainforest is a main habitat however also common in other forest environments; 5 = rainforest is core habitat however also occur in wet sclerophyll forests; 6 = rainforest obligate.

Degree of Rainforest Specialisation Taxa 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mammals 47 13 9 14 4 7 13 Birds 185 34 23 28 22 37 9 Reptiles 69 8 13 37 11 11 12 Frogs 18 5 5 5 2 13 12 Total 317 60 50 84 39 68 46

Taxa VIS Endemics Restricted Endemics E V R

Mammals 45 (39%) 14 1 3 14 7 Birds 46 (14%) 12 - 3 11 7 Reptiles 43 (27%) 30 9 - 20 3 Frogs 28 (46%) 27 8 7 13 1 Total 163 83 18 13 58 18


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4. REFERENCES Barker, J., Grigg, G. C. and Tyler, M. J. (1995). A Field Guide to Australian Frogs. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW, Australia. Bell, K. L., Yeates, D. K., Moritz, C. and Monteith, G. B. (2004). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Temnoplectron Westwood (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Australia's wet tropics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 741-753.

Boles, W. E. and Longmore, N. W. (1989). Altitudinal distribution of the birds of Thornton Peak, Queensland. Sunbird 19: 1-15. Brown, J. H. and Lomolino, M. V. (1998). Biogeography. Second Edition. Sinaeur Associates, Sunderland, MA, United States of America. Crome, F. and Nix, H. (1991). Birds. In Rainforest animals: atlas of vertebrates endemic to Australia's wet tropics (eds. H. A. Nix and M. A. Switzer). Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra, Australia. Driscoll, P. V. and Kikkawa, J. (1989). Bird species diversity of lowland tropical rainforests of New Guinea and northern Australia. In Vertebrates in complex tropical systems (eds. M. L. Harmelin-Vivien and F. Bourlière) Springer-Verlag, New York, United States of America. Easterling, D. R., Meehl, G. A., Parmesan, C., Changnon, S. A., Karl, T. R. and Mearn, L. O. (2000). Climate extremes: observations, modeling and impacts. Science 289, 2068-2074. Goosem, S., Morgan, G. and Kemp, J. E. (1999). Wet Tropics. In The Conservation Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems (eds. P. S. Sattler and R. D. Williams) Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane. Graham, C. H., Moritz, C. and Williams, S. E. (2006). Habitat history improves prediction of biodiversity in rainforest fauna. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, 632-636. Hill, J. K., Thomas, C. D., Fox, R., Telfer, M. G., Willis, S. G, Asher, J. and Huntley, B. (2002). Responses of butterflies to twentieth century climate warming: implications for future ranges. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 296: 2163-2171. Hilbert, D. W., Ostendorf, B. and Hopkins, M. S. (2001). Sensitivity of tropical forests to climate change in the humid tropics of north Queensland. Austral Ecology 26, 590-603. Houghton, J. (2001). The science of global warming. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 26, 247-257. Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K. and Johnson, C. A. (eds) (2001). IPCC Third Assessment Report: Climate Change 2001. Cambridge University Press. Houlder, D. J., Hutchinson, M. F., Nix, H. A. and McMahon, J. P. (2000). ANUCLIM 5.0. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, Canberra. Hughes, L. (2000). Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15, 56-61.

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19

Monteith, G. B. and Davies, V. T. (1991). Preliminary account of a survey of arthropods (insects and spiders) along an altitudinal transect in tropical Queensland. In The Rainforest Legacy (eds. G. Werren and P. Kershaw), Volume 2, pp.345-362. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Moritz, C., Patton, J. L., Schneider, C. J. and Smith T. B. (2000). Diversification of rainforest faunas: an integrated molecular approach. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31, 533-563. Nix, H. A. (1991). Biogeography: pattern and process. In Rainforest animals: atlas of vertebrates endemic to Australia's wet tropics (eds. H. A. Nix and M. A. Switzer), Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra, Australia. Nix, H. A. and Switzer, M. A. (1991). Rainforest animals: atlas of vertebrates endemic to Australia’s wet tropics. Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra, Australia. Palmer, T. N. and Ralsanen, J. (2002). Quantifying the risk of extreme seasonal precipitation events in a changing climate. Nature 415, 512-514. Parmesan, C. and Yohe, G. (2003). A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421, 37-42. Parmesan, C. (1996). Climate and species’ range. Nature 382: 765-766. Peterson, A. T., Ortega-Huerta, M. A., Bartley, J., Sanchez-Cordero, V., Sorberon, J., Buddermeler, R. H. and Stockwell, D. R. B. (2002). Future projections for Mexican faunas under global climate change scenarious. Nature 416: 626-629. Pizzey, G. and Knight, F. (1999). Field guide to the birds of Australia. Harper Collins, Sydney, Australia. Pounds, J. A., Fogden, M. P. L. and Campbell, J. H. (1999). Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain. Nature 398, 611-615. Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., Coloma, L. A., Consuegra, J. A., Fogden, M. P. L., Foster, P. N., La Marca, E., Masters, K. L., Merino-Viteri, A., Puschendorf, R., Ron, S. R., Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A., Still, C. J. and Young, B. E. (2006). Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming. Nature 439, 161-167. Root, T. L., Price, J. T., Hall, K. R., Schneider, S. H., Rosenzweig, C. and Pounds, J. A. (2003). Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature 421, 57-60. Root, T. L., MacMynowski, D. P., Mastrandrea, M. D. and Schneider, S. H. (2005). Human-modified temperatures induce species changes: joint attribution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102, 7465-7469. Schneider, C. J., Cunningham, M. and Moritz, C. (1998). Comparative phylogeography and the history of endemic vertebrates in the Wet Tropics rainforests of Australia. Molecular Ecology 7, 487-498. Schneider, C. and Williams, S. E. (2005). Quaternary climate change and rainforest diversity: insights from spatial analyses of species and genes in Australia’s wet tropics. In Tropical Rainforests: Past, Present and Future (eds. C. Moritz, E. Bermingham and C. Dick), Chicago University Press, Chicago, United States of America.

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21

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23

APPENDIX A

FULL SPECIES LIST OF VERTEBRATES THAT OCCUR IN THE WET TROPICS BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGION

(INCLUDING MOUNT ELLIOT, A WET TROPICS OUTLIER)


25

Full Species List of Vertebrates Occurring in the Wet Tropics Biogeographic Region (including Mount Elliot, a Wet Tropics Outlier)

Taxonomy for groups primarily follows: 1. Mammals: Menkhorst and Knight, 2001; 2. Birds: Pizzey and Knight, 1999; 3. Reptiles: Wilson, 2005; and 4. Frogs: Barker, Grigg and Tyler, 1995. Key to Abbreviations and Codes Used in Table 4

Map ........................ A solid square symbol indicates there is a distribution map for that species in Appendix B (see also Appendix C).

End......................... A solid square symbol indicates the species is regionally endemic, i.e. restricted to the Wet Tropics biogeographic region.

RF........................... The degree of rainforest specialisation ranked on a scale of 0-6:

0 = Not found in rainforest; 1 = Occassionally recorded in rainforest; 2 = Uses rainforest as a suboptimal / marginal habitat; 3 = Commonly recorded in rainforest, however rainforest is not the

species’ core habitat; 4 = Rainforest is the species’ main habitat however it is common in

other forest environments; 5 = Rainforest is the species’ core habitat but it also occurs in adjacent

wet sclerophyll forest; and 6 = Rainforest obligate.

Core Dist. Area ..... (Km2) Estimates are based on the maps in Appendix B (see also Chapter 2: Methods).

Range .................... (Km2) Estimates are based on the maps in Appendix B (see also Chapter 2:Methods).

Edge Species ........ Species that have been recorded in the Wet Tropics biogeographic region, but only just within the edge of the region. Generally, the Wet Tropics would not make a significant contribution to the preservation of these species.

Intro. ...................... A solid square symbol indicates species is introduced.

Stephen E. Williams

26

Conservation rankings are presented for all species at the State, Federal and International levels, including:

NC Act ................... Nature Conservation Act of Queensland 2001 See http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/nature_conservation/biodiversity/

E = Endangered R = Rare V = Vulnerable

IUCN....................... The World Conservation Union Red List of Threatened Species 2001 See http://www.redlist/org/info/categories_criteria2001.html Version 3.1 (2001) See website for full criteria.

EX = Extinct EW = Extinct in the Wild CR = Critically Endangered EN = Endangered VU = Vulnerable LR/lc = Lower Risk / Least Concern LC = Least Concern LR/nt = Low Risk / Near Threatened NT = Near Threatened DD = Data Deficient NE = Not Evaluated

EPBC Act............... Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 See http://www.deh.gov.au/epbc/ Full details of Criteria available at: http://scaletext.law.gov.au/cgi-bin/download.pl?/scale/data/comact/10/6006

EX = Extinct EW = Extinct in the Wild CR = Critically Endangered EN = Endangered V = Vulnerable CD = Conservation Dependent

VIS.......................... Very Important Species are of conservation significance in the Wet Tropics bioregion because they are listed as threatened under any of the three regulatory conservation acts or are regionally endemic species or subspecies.

Verte

brat

es o

f the

Wet

Tro

pics

Rai

nfor

ests

of A

ustra

lia

27

Tabl

e 4:

Ful

l spe

cies

list

of v

erte

brat

es th

at o

ccur

in th

e W

et T

ropi

cs b

ioge

ogra

phic

regi

on (i

nclu

ding

Mou

nt E

lliot,

a W

et T

ropi

cs o

utlie

r).

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

MO

NO

TREM

ES

Orn

ithor

hync

idae

O

rnith

orhy

nchu

s an

atin

us

Plat

ypus

■

3

6991

11

480

Tach

yglo

ssid

ae

Tach

yglo

ssus

acu

leat

us

Sho

rt-be

aked

Ech

idna

2

MA

MM

ALS

D

asyu

ridae

An

tech

inus

adu

stus

R

usty

Ant

echi

nus

■ ■

6 61

4 13

11

■

Das

yurid

ae

Ante

chin

us fl

avip

es

Yel

low

-foot

ed A

ntec

hinu

s ■

4

2114

79

00

■

Das

yurid

ae

Ante

chin

us g

odm

ani

Ath

erto

n A

ntec

hinu

s ■

■ 6

1013

15

11

R

LR/n

t

■

Das

yurid

ae

Das

yuru

s ha

lluca

tus

Nor

ther

n Q

uoll

1

LR/n

t

■

Das

yurid

ae

Das

yuru

s m

acul

atus

S

potte

d-ta

iled

Quo

ll ■

5

5205

82

96

E

VU

E

N

■

Das

yurid

ae

Phas

coga

le ta

poat

afa

Brus

h-ta

iled

Pha

scog

ale

0

LR/n

t

■

Das

yurid

ae

Plan

igal

e in

gram

i Lo

ng-ta

iled

Plan

igal

e

0

■

Das

yurid

ae

Plan

igal

e m

acul

ata

Com

mon

Pla

niga

le

2

Das

yurid

ae

Smin

thop

sis

leuc

opus

W

hite

-foot

ed D

unna

rt

6

R

DD

■

Das

yurid

ae

Smin

thop

sis

mac

rour

a S

tripe

-face

d D

unna

rt

0

Das

yurid

ae

Smin

thop

sis

mur

ina

Com

mon

Dun

nart

1

Das

yurid

ae

Smin

thop

sis

virg

inia

e R

ed-c

heek

ed D

unna

rt

0

■

Per

amel

idae

Is

oodo

n m

acro

urus

N

orth

ern

Bro

wn

Ban

dico

ot

1

Per

amel

idae

Is

oodo

n ob

esul

us

Sou

ther

n B

row

n B

andi

coot

1

Per

amel

idae

Pe

ram

eles

nas

uta

Long

-nos

ed B

andi

coot

■

5

4692

89

67

Pha

scol

arct

idae

Ph

asco

larc

tos

cine

reus

Ko

ala

0

LR/n

t

■

Pet

aurid

ae

Dac

tylo

psila

triv

irgat

a S

tripe

d P

ossu

m

■

5 80

96

1198

5

Pet

aurid

ae

Peta

urus

aus

tralis

Ye

llow

-bel

lied

Glid

er

■

1 25

6 73

6

V

LR

/nt

V

■

Step

hen

E. W

illiam

s

28

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Pet

aurid

ae

Peta

urus

bre

vice

ps

Sug

ar G

lider

2

Pet

aurid

ae

Peta

urus

gra

cilis

M

ahog

any

Glid

er

■ ■

1 20

91

3706

E

E

N

EN

■

Pet

aurid

ae

Peta

urus

nor

folc

ensi

s S

quirr

el G

lider

0

■

LR

/nt

■

Pseu

doch

eirid

ae

Hem

ibel

ideu

s le

mur

oide

s Le

mur

oid

Rin

gtai

l Pos

sum

■

■ 6

827

1762

R

LR

/nt

■

Pseu

doch

eirid

ae

Peta

uroi

des

vola

ns

Gre

ater

Glid

er

1

■

Pseu

doch

eirid

ae

Pseu

doch

eiru

s pe

regr

inus

C

omm

on R

ingt

ail P

ossu

m

2

Pseu

doch

eirid

ae

Pseu

doch

irops

arc

heri

Gre

en R

ingt

ail P

ossu

m

■ ■

6 17

99

6146

R

LR

/nt

■

Pseu

doch

eirid

ae

Pseu

doch

irulu

s ci

nere

us

Dai

ntre

e R

iver

Rin

gtai

l P

ossu

m

■ ■

6 22

3 78

0

R

LR

/nt

■

Pseu

doch

eirid

ae

Pseu

doch

irulu

s he

rber

tens

is

Her

bert

Riv

er R

ingt

ail P

ossu

m

■ ■

6 13

81

2382

R

LR

/nt

■

Phal

ange

ridae

Tr

icho

suru

s vu

lpec

ula

Com

mon

Bru

shta

il Po

ssum

2

Phal

ange

ridae

Tr

icho

suru

s vu

lpec

ula

j. C

oppe

ry B

rush

tail

Poss

um

■ ■

5 43

23

5

■

Burr

yam

yida

e C

erca

rtetu

s ca

udat

us

Long

-taile

d P

ygm

y P

ossu

m

■

6 32

87

4471

Acr

obat

idae

Ac

roba

tes

pygm

aeus

Fe

athe

r-tai

l Glid

er

2

Pot

oroi

dae

Aepy

prym

nus

rufe

scen

s R

ufou

s B

etto

ng

0

Pot

oroi

dae

Betto

ngia

trop

ica

Nor

ther

n Be

ttong

■

■ 1

403

1500

E

E

N

EN

■

Pot

oroi

dae

Hyp

sipr

ymno

don

mos

chat

us

Mus

ky R

at-k

anga

roo

■ ■

6 36

70

6681

■

Mac

ropo

dida

e D

endr

olag

us b

enne

ttian

us

Ben

nett'

s Tr

ee-k

anga

roo

■ ■

6 11

19

1241

R

LR

/nt

■

Mac

ropo

dida

e D

endr

olag

us lu

mho

ltzi

Lum

holtz

's T

ree-

kang

aroo

■

■ 6

1175

50

46

R

LR/n

t

■

Mac

ropo

dida

e La

gorc

hest

es c

onsp

icilla

tus

Spec

tacl

ed H

are-

wal

laby

0

■

■

Mac

ropo

dida

e M

acro

pus

agilis

Ag

ile W

alla

by

0

Mac

ropo

dida

e M

acro

pus

antil

opin

us

Ant

ilopi

ne K

anga

roo

0

■

Mac

ropo

dida

e M

acro

pus

giga

nteu

s E

aste

rn G

rey

Kan

garo

o

0

Mac

ropo

dida

e M

acro

pus

parry

i W

hipt

ail W

alla

by

0

Verte

brat

es o

f the

Wet

Tro

pics

Rai

nfor

ests

of A

ustra

lia

29

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Mac

ropo

dida

e M

acro

pus

robu

stus

W

alla

roo

0

■

Mac

ropo

dida

e Pe

troga

le a

ssim

ilis

Allie

d R

ock

Wal

laby

0

Mac

ropo

dida

e Pe

troga

le g

odm

ani

God

man

's R

ock

Wal

laby

0

Mac

ropo

dida

e Pe

troga

le m

aree

ba

Mar

eeba

Roc

k W

alla

by

0

R

■

Mac

ropo

dida

e Pe

troga

le s

harm

ani

Sha

rman

's R

ock

Wal

laby

■ 0

R

LR/n

t

■

Mac

ropo

dida

e Th

ylog

ale

stig

mat

ica

Red

-legg

ed P

adem

elon

■

5

2839

81

39

Mac

ropo

dida

e W

alla

bia

bico

lor

Sw

amp

Wal

laby

2

Meg

ader

mat

idae

M

acro

derm

a gi

gas

Gho

st b

at

0

V

■

Pter

opod

idae

M

acro

glos

sus

min

imus

N

orth

ern

blos

som

bat

3

Pter

opod

idae

N

yctim

ene

robi

nson

i Ea

ster

n tu

beno

sed

bat

4

Pter

opod

idae

Pt

erop

us a

lect

o B

lack

flyi

ng-fo

x

3

Pter

opod

idae

Pt

erop

us c

onsp

icilla

tus

Spec

tacl

ed fl

ying

-fox

3

V

■

Pter

opod

idae

Pt

erop

us s

capu

latu

s Li

ttle

red

flyin

g-fo

x

0

Pter

opod

idae

Sy

cony

cter

is a

ustra

lis

Com

mon

blo

ssom

bat

3

Em

ballo

nurid

ae

Sacc

olai

mus

flav

iven

tris

Yel

low

-bel

lied

shea

thta

il ba

t

0

■

LR

/nt

■

Em

ballo

nurid

ae

Sacc

olai

mus

sac

cola

imus

B

are-

rum

ped

shea

thta

il ba

t

0

R

C

R

■

Em

ballo

nurid

ae

Taph

ozou

s au

stra

lis

Coa

stal

she

atht

ail b

at

0

V

LR

/nt

■

Em

ballo

nurid

ae

Taph

ozou

s ge

orgi

anus

C

omm

on s

heat

htai

l bat

0

Mol

ossi

dae

Cha

erop

hon

jobe

nsis

N

orth

ern

freet

ail b

at

0

Mol

ossi

dae

Mor

mop

teru

s be

ccar

ii B

ecca

ri's

freet

ail b

at

0

Mol

ossi

dae

Mor

mop

teru

s lo

riae

Littl

e no

rther

n fre

etai

l bat

0

Mol

ossi

dae

Mor

mop

teru

s un

desc

ribed

2

Eas

tern

free

tail

bat

0

Mol

ossi

dae

Tada

rida

aust

ralis

W

hite

-stri

ped

freet

ail b

at

■

Rhi

nolo

phid

ae

Rhi

nolo

phus

meg

aphy

llus

Eas

tern

hor

sesh

oe b

at

3

Step

hen

E. W

illiam

s

30

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Rhi

nolo

phid

ae

Rhi

nolo

phus

phi

lippi

nens

is

Larg

e-ea

red

hors

esho

e ba

t

0

R

LR/n

t

■

Hip

posi

derid

ae

Hip

posi

dero

s at

er

Dus

ky le

afno

sed

bat

0

Hip

posi

derid

ae

Hip

posi

dero

s ce

rvin

us

Faw

n le

afno

sed

bat

3

V

■

Hip

posi

derid

ae

Hip

posi

dero

s di

adem

a D

iade

m le

afno

sed

bat

R

■

Hip

posi

derid

ae

Hip

posi

dero

s se

mon

i S

emon

's le

afno

sed

bat

3

V

LR

/nt

EN

■

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Cha

linol

obus

gou

ldii

Gou

ld's

wat

tled

bat

0

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Cha

linol

obus

mor

io

Cho

cola

te w

attle

d ba

t

0

■

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Cha

linol

obus

nig

rogr

iseu

s H

oary

wat

tled

bat

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Keriv

oula

pap

uens

is

Gol

den-

tippe

d ba

t

3

R

■

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Min

iopt

erus

aus

tralis

Li

ttle

bent

win

g ba

t

3

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Min

iopt

erus

sch

reib

ersi

i C

omm

on b

entw

ing

bat

LR/n

t

■

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Mur

ina

floriu

m

Flut

e-no

sed

bat

V

■

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Myo

tis a

dver

sus

Larg

e-fo

oted

myo

tis

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Nyc

toph

ilus

bifa

x N

orth

ern

long

eare

d ba

t

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Nyc

toph

ilus

geof

froyi

Le

sser

long

eare

d ba

t

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Nyc

toph

ilus

goul

di

Gou

ld's

long

eare

d ba

t

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Scot

eana

x ru

eppe

llii

Gre

ater

bro

adno

sed

bat

3

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Scot

orep

ens

bals

toni

In

land

bro

adno

sed

bat

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Scot

orep

ens

grey

ii Li

ttle

broa

dnos

ed b

at

0

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Scot

orep

ens

sanb

orni

N

orth

ern

broa

dnos

ed b

at

1

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Vesp

adel

us p

umilu

s E

aste

rn fo

rest

bat

3

Ves

perti

lioni

dae

Vesp

adel

us tr

ough

toni

E

aste

rn c

ave

bat

0

Mur

idae

H

ydro

mys

chr

ysog

aste

r W

ater

Rat

2

Mur

idae

Le

ggad

ina

lake

dow

nens

is

Lake

land

Dow

ns M

ouse

0

■

LR

/nt

■

Verte

brat

es o

f the

Wet

Tro

pics

Rai

nfor

ests

of A

ustra

lia

31

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Mur

idae

M

elom

ys b

urto

ni

Gra

ssla

nd M

elom

ys

0

Mur

idae

M

elom

ys c

ervi

nipe

s Fa

wn-

foot

ed M

elom

ys

■

4 66

05

1242

9

Mur

idae

M

esem

brio

mys

gou

ldii

Bla

ck-fo

oted

Tre

e-ra

t

0

LR

/nt

■

Mur

idae

M

us m

uscu

lus

Hou

se M

ouse

2

■

Mur

idae

Po

gono

mys

mol

lipilo

sus

Preh

ensi

le-ta

iled

Rat

■

6

1264

25

64

■

Mur

idae

Ps

eudo

mys

del

icat

ulus

D

elic

ate

Mou

se

0

Mur

idae

Ps

eudo

mys

gra

cilic

auda

tus

Eas

tern

Che

stnu

t Mou

se

0

Mur

idae

Ps

eudo

mys

pat

rius

East

ern

Pebb

le-m

ound

mou

se

0

VU

■

Mur

idae

R

attu

s fu

scip

es

Bus

h R

at

■

4 25

57

7729

Mur

idae

R

attu

s le

ucop

us

Cap

e Y

ork

Rat

■

5

3248

76

73

Mur

idae

R

attu

s lu

treol

us

Sw

amp

Rat

1

■

Mur

idae

R

attu

s no

rveg

icus

B

row

n R

at

■

Mur

idae

R

attu

s ra

ttus

Bla

ck R

at

1

■

Mur

idae

R

attu

s so

rdid

us

Can

efie

ld R

at

1

LR/n

t

■

Mur

idae

R

attu

s tu

nney

i Pa

le F

ield

Rat

0

LR

/nt

■

Mur

idae

U

rom

ys c

audi

mac

ulat

us

Gia

nt W

hite

-taile

d R

at

■

5 44

91

8163

Mur

idae

U

rom

ys h

adro

urus

M

aske

d W

hite

-taile

d R

at

■ ■

6 34

4 51

0

LR/n

t

■

Mur

idae

Xe

rom

ys m

yoid

es

Fals

e W

ater

-rat

0

V

VU

■

Mur

idae

Zy

zom

ys a

rgur

us

Com

mon

Roc

k R

at

0

Lepo

ridae

Le

pus

cape

nsis

B

row

n H

are

0

■

Lepo

ridae

O

ryct

olag

us c

unic

ulus

R

abbi

t

■

Can

idae

C

anis

lupu

s di

ngo

Din

go

3

■

Can

idae

Vu

lpes

vul

pes

Fox

0

■

Felid

ae

Felis

cat

us

Fera

l Cat

1

■

Step

hen

E. W

illiam

s

32

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Equi

dae

Equu

s ca

ballu

s Fe

ral H

orse

0

■

Suid

ae

Sus

scro

fa

Fera

l Pig

3

■

BIR

DS

Cas

uarii

dae

Cas

uariu

s ca

suar

ius

Sout

hern

Cas

sow

ary

■

6 54

08

7954

E

V

U

EN

■

Cas

uarii

dae

Dro

mai

us n

ovae

holla

ndia

e E

mu

0

Meg

apod

iidae

Al

ectu

ra la

tham

i Au

stra

lian

Brus

h Tu

rkey

■

4

5586

89

47

Meg

apod

iidae

M

egap

odiu

s re

inw

ardt

O

rang

e-fo

oted

Scr

ubfo

wl

■

5 50

02

8610

Phas

iani

dae

Cot

urni

x ch

inen

sis

King

Qua

il

0

Phas

iani

dae

Cot

urni

x pe

ctor

alis

St

ubbl

e Q

uail

0

Phas

iani

dae

Cot

urni

x yp

silo

phor

a B

row

n Q

uail

0

Ans

eran

atid

ae

Anse

rana

s se

mip

alm

ata

Mag

pie

Goo

se

0

Anat

idae

An

as c

asta

nea

Che

stnu

t Tea

l

0

■

Anat

idae

An

as g

raci

lis

Gre

y Te

al

0

Anat

idae

An

as rh

ynch

otis

Au

stra

lasi

an S

hove

ller

0

Anat

idae

An

as s

uper

cilio

sa

Pac

ific

Bla

ck D

uck

0

Anat

idae

Ay

thya

aus

tralis

H

ardh

ead

0

Anat

idae

C

heno

netta

juba

ta

Aus

tralia

n W

ood

Duc

k

0

Anat

idae

C

ygnu

s at

ratu

s B

lack

Sw

an

0

Anat

idae

D

endr

ocyg

na a

rcua

ta

Wan

derin

g W

hist

ling-

Duc

k

0

Anat

idae

D

endr

ocyg

na e

yton

i P

lum

ed W

hist

ling-

Duc

k

0

Anat

idae

M

alac

orhy

nchu

s m

embr

anac

eus

Pin

k-ea

red

Duc

k

0

Anat

idae

N

etta

pus

coro

man

delia

nus

Cot

ton

Pyg

my-

Goo

se

0

R

■

Anat

idae

N

etta

pus

pulc

hellu

s G

reen

Pyg

my-

Goo

se

0

Verte

brat

es o

f the

Wet

Tro

pics

Rai

nfor

ests

of A

ustra

lia

33

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Anat

idae

Ta

dorn

a ra

djah

R

adja

h Sh

eldu

ck

0

R

■

Podi

cipe

dida

e Po

dice

ps c

rista

tus

Gre

at-c

rest

ed G

rebe

0

Podi

cipe

dida

e Po

lioce

phal

us p

olio

ceph

alus

H

oary

-hea

ded

Gre

be

0

Podi

cipe

dida

e Ta

chyb

aptu

s no

vaeh

olla

ndia

e Au

stra

lasi

an G

rebe

0

Anhi

ngid

ae

Anhi

nga

mel

anog

aste

r D

arte

r

0

Phal

acro

cora

cida

e Ph

alac

roco

rax

carb

o G

reat

Cor

mor

ant

0

Phal

acro

cora

cida

e Ph

alac

roco

rax

mel

anol

euco

s Li

ttle

Pie

d C

orm

oran

t

0

Phal

acro

cora

cida

e Ph

alac

roco

rax

sulc

irost

ris

Littl

e B

lack

Cor

mor

ant

0

Phal

acro

cora

cida

e Ph

alac

roco

rax

variu

s P

ied

Cor

mor

ant

0

Pelic

anid

ae

Pele

canu

s co

nspi

cilla

tus

Aust

ralia

n Pe

lican

0

Arde

idae

Ar

dea

alba

G

reat

Egr

et

0

Arde

idae

Ar

dea

ibis

C

attle

Egr

et

0

Arde

idae

Ar

dea

inte

rmed

ia

Inte

rmed

iate

Egr

et

0

Arde

idae

Ar

dea

paci

fica

Whi

te-n

ecke

d H

eron

0

Arde

idae

Ar

dea

pica

ta

Pied

Her

on

0

Arde

idae

Ar

dea

sum

atra

na

Gre

at-b

illed

Her

on

0

Arde

idae

Bu

torid

es s

triat

us

Stri

ated

Her

on

0

Arde

idae

Eg

retta

gar

zetta

Li

ttle

Egr

et

0

Arde

idae

Eg

retta

nov

aeho

lland

iae

Whi

te-fa

ced

Her

on

0

Arde

idae

Eg

retta

sac

ra

Eas

tern

Ree

f Egr

et

0

Arde

idae

Ix

obry

chus

flav

icol

lis

Bla

ck B

itter

n

0

Arde

idae

Ix

obry

chus

min

utus

Li

ttle

Bitt

ern

0

Arde

idae

N

yctic

orax

cal

edon

icus

N

anke

en N

ight

Her

on

0

Step

hen

E. W

illiam

s

34

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Thre

skio

rnith

idae

Pl

atal

ea fl

avip

es

Yello

w-b

illed

Spo

onbi

ll

0

Thre

skio

rnith

idae

Pl

atal

ea re

gia

Roy

al S

poon

bill

0

Thre

skio

rnith

idae

Pl

egad

is fa

lcin

ellu

s G

loss

y Ib

is

0

Thre

skio

rnith

idae

Th

resk

iorn

is m

oluc

ca

Aus

tralia

n W

hite

Ibis

0

Thre

skio

rnith

idae

Th

resk

iorn

is s

pini

collis

S

traw

-nec

ked

Ibis

0

Cic

oniid

ae

Ephi

ppio

rhyn

chus

asi

atic

us

Bla

ck-n

ecke

d S

tork

0

R

NT

■

Acc

ipitr

idae

Ac

cipi

ter c

irrho

ceph

alus

C

olla

red

Spa

rrow

haw

k

1

Acc

ipitr

idae

Ac

cipi

ter f

asci

atus

B

row

n G

osha

wk

2

Acc

ipitr

idae

Ac

cipi

ter n

ovae

holla

ndia

e G

rey

Gos

haw

k ■

5

6127

84

38

R

■

Acc

ipitr

idae

Aq

uila

aud

ax

Wed

ge-ta

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Eagl

e

2

Acc

ipitr

idae

Av

iced

a su

bcris

tata

P

acifi

c B

aza

2

Acc

ipitr

idae

C

ircus

app

roxi

man

s S

wam

p H

arrie

r

2

Acc

ipitr

idae

C

ircus

ass

imilis

S

potte

d H

arrie

r

2

Acc

ipitr

idae

El

anus

axi

llaris

Bl

ack-

shou

lder

ed K

ite

2

Acc

ipitr

idae

Er

ythr

otrio

rchi

s ra

diat

us

Red

Gos

haw

k

1

E

VU

V

■

Acc

ipitr

idae

H

alia

eetu

s le

ucog

aste

r W

hite

-bel

lied

Sea

-Eag

le

1

Acc

ipitr

idae

H

alia

stur

indu

s B

rahm

iny

Kite

1

Acc

ipitr

idae

H

alia

stur

sph

enur

us

Whi

stlin

g K

ite

1

Acc

ipitr

idae

H

amiro

stra

mel

anos

tern

on

Bla

ck-b

reas

ted

Buz

zard

0

Acc

ipitr

idae

H

iera

aetu

s m

orph

noid

es

Littl

e Ea

gle

0

Acc

ipitr

idae

Lo

phoi

ctin

ia is

ura

Squa

re-ta

iled

Kite

0

R

■

Acc

ipitr

idae

M

ilvus

mig

rans

B

lack

Kite

2

Acc

ipitr

idae

Pa

ndio

n ha

liaet

us

Osp

rey

2

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o be

rigor

a Br

own

Falc

on

0

Verte

brat

es o

f the

Wet

Tro

pics

Rai

nfor

ests

of A

ustra

lia

35

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ce

nchr

oide

s N

anke

en K

estre

l

1

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o hy

pole

ucos

G

rey

Falc

on

1

R

N

T

■

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o lo

ngip

enni

s A

ustra

lian

Hob

by

1

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o pe

regr

inus

Pe

regr

ine

Falc

on

2

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o su

bnig

er

Bla

ck F

alco

n

0

Gru

idae

G

rus

antig

one

Sar

us C

rane

0

V

U

■

Gru

idae

G

rus

rubi

cund

us

Bro

lga

0

Ral

lidae

Am

auro

rnis

oliv

aceu

s Bu

sh-h

en

0

Ral

lidae

Fu

lica

atra

Eu

rasi

an C

oot

0

Ral

lidae

G

allin

ula

tene

bros

a D

usky

Moo

rhen

0

Ral

lidae

G

allin

ula

vent

ralis

Bl

ack-

taile

d na

tive

hen

0

Ral

lidae

G

allir

allu

s ph

ilippe

nsis

Bu

ff-ba

nded

Rai

l

1

Ral

lidae

Po

rphy

rio p

orph

yrio

Pu

rple

Sw

amph

en

1

Ral

lidae

Po

rzan

a ci

nere

a W

hite

-bro

wed

Cra

ke

0

Ral

lidae

Po

rzan

a flu

min

ea

Aus

tralia

n S

potte

d C

rake

0

Ral

lidae

Po

rzan

a pu

silla

Ba

illon

s C

rake

0

Ral

lidae

Po

rzan

a ta

buen

sis

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Step

hen

E. W

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36

Fam

ily

Spec

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Nam

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Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Turn

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End.

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Core Dist. Area

Range

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Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

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End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Psi

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Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Cap

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End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

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Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Mal

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Nam

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RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Mel

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Var

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Hon

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ter

0

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1

Mel

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iner

0

■

Mel

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oney

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5

4899

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Mel

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Lew

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76

8884

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5483

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Mel

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r

0

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R

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Mel

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r ■

3

9630

21

384

Mel

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3 73

94

2277

4

Mel

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Mel

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ucer

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3

8330

16

618

Mel

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Littl

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Mel

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1

Mel

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is n

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W

hite

-che

eked

Hon

eyea

ter

2

Step

hen

E. W

illiam

s

42

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Mel

ipha

gida

e Pl

ecto

rhyn

cha

lanc

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ta

Stri

ped

Hon

eyea

ter

0

Mel

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scia

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3

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Mel

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Hon

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ter

0

Mel

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ntho

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ayan

a M

acle

ay's

Hon

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ter

■ ■

5 59

24

9260

■

Pet

roic

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Eo

psal

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aust

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Ea

ster

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Rob

in

1

Pet

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psal

tria

pulv

erul

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M

angr

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Rob

in

0

Pet

roic

idae

H

eter

omyi

as a

lbis

pecu

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G

rey-

head

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obin

■

5

3485

81

82

■

Pet

roic

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icro

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fasc

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Win

ter

0

Pet

roic

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icro

eca

flavi

gast

er

Lem

on-b

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d Fl

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cher

0

Pet

roic

idae

Po

ecilo

drya

s su

perc

iliosa

W

hite

-bro

wed

Rob

in

4

Pet

roic

idae

Tr

egel

lasi

a ca

pito

Pa

le-y

ello

w R

obin

■

5

4881

87

12

■

Orth

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rthon

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pald

ingi

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how

chill

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2985

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37

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Pom

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Po

mat

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mus

tem

pora

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Gre

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er

0

■

Eup

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ae

Psop

hode

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East

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Whi

pbird

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5

3627

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66

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Neo

sitti

dae

Dap

hoen

ositt

a ch

ryso

pter

a V

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d S

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la

0

Pac

hyce

phal

idae

C

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cla

bow

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Bow

ers

Shr

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Thru

sh

■ ■

6 17

66

6655

■

Pac

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sh

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Pac

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meg

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Li

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Shr

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sh

■

4 57

80

8889

Pac

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Fa

lcun

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Cre

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Shr

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1

■

Pac

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chyc

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elan

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Man

grov

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olde

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hist

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2

Pac

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phal

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Pa

chyc

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la p

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ralis

G

olde

n W

hist

ler

■

4 49

29

1733

5

Pac

hyce

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chyc

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fiven

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Ruf

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Whi

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1

Pac

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chyc

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impl

ex

Gre

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hist

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3

Verte

brat

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Wet

Tro

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Rai

nfor

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of A

ustra

lia

43

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Dic

rurid

ae

Arse

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Pied

Mon

arch

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■ 5

4587

77

33

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3

1213

3 25

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Dic

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ae

Gra

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Mag

pie

Lark

0

Dic

rurid

ae

Mac

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Yello

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Boat

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5 51

28

8664

Dic

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Mon

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Dic

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Whi

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Mon

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5

5648

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Dic

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Mon

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5 34

08

8883

Dic

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Mon

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S

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5 59

67

8854

Dic

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Myi

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Shin

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Flyc

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Sat

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0

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R

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r

0

Dic

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Le

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Fly

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her

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Dic

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Br

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3

9867

27

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Dic

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Dic

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ae

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4 92

13

2280

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4

4223

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02

Cam

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acin

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Cam

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Lala

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Var

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3

1084

9 21

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Cam

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1

Step

hen

E. W

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s

44

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Orio

lidae

O

riolu

s fla

voci

nctu

s Y

ello

w O

riole

■

3

5497

16

958

Orio

lidae

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e-ba

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Orio

le

■

3 10

274

2008

0

Orio

lidae

Sp

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mid

ae

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mus

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low

0

■

Arta

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ae

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mus

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w

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Arta

mid

ae

Arta

mus

leuc

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W

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3

9269

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059

Arta

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Arta

mus

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Arta

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mus

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Mas

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w

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mus

sup

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w

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Arta

mid

ae

Cra

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rd

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Arta

mid

ae

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But

cher

bird

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4

5340

89

53

Arta

mid

ae

Cra

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Gre

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rd

0

Arta

mid

ae

Gym

norh

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en

Aus

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agpi

e

0

Arta

mid

ae

Stre

pera

gra

culin

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Cur

raw

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4 80

16

2479

1

Par

adis

aeid

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Ptilo

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toria

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ird

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5 42

05

8646

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Cor

vida

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rono

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Au

stra

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Rav

en

0

■

Cor

vida

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ru

Torre

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Cro

w

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Cor

cora

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rax

mel

anor

ham

phos

W

hite

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ged

Cho

ugh

0

■

Cor

cora

cida

e St

ruth

idea

cin

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A

post

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rd

0

■

Ptilo

norh

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idae

Ai

luro

edus

mel

anot

is

Spot

ted

Cat

bird

■

5

4417

88

73

■

Ptilo

norh

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C

hlam

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chal

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Gre

at B

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bird

0

Ptilo

norh

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idae

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dura

new

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Gol

den

Bow

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rd

■ ■

6 12

44

2451

■

Ptilo

norh

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Pt

ilono

rhyn

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Satin

Bow

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rd

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5 14

91

4849

■

Ptilo

norh

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Sc

enop

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entir

ostri

s To

oth-

bille

d Bo

wer

bird

■

■ 6

1585

63

31

■

Verte

brat

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Wet

Tro

pics

Rai

nfor

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45

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Alau

dida

e M

irafra

java

nica

Si

ngin

g B

ushl

ark

0

Mot

acill

idae

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diae

R

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Pip

it

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Pass

erid

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Pass

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H

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Spa

rrow

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■

Nec

tarin

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jugu

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Ye

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aeid

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Dic

aeum

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m

Mis

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3

1273

4 24

181

Hiru

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Fairy

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Hiru

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a R

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wal

low

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Hiru

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me

Sw

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w

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Hiru

ndin

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Tree

Mar

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Hiru

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Sw

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Song

lark

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viid

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Son

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Gra

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Syl

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2280

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Mus

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5 17

65

2423

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Met

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4

7832

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684

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kin

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Step

hen

E. W

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s

46

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Estri

ldid

ae

Lonc

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pun

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Estri

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h

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Estri

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REP

TILE

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Cro

cody

lidae

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oni

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dile

0

Cro

cody

lidae

C

roco

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rosu

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tuar

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Cro

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le

3

V

■

Che

lidae

C

helo

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Eas

tern

Sna

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0

■

Che

lidae

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helo

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e N

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ked

Turtl

e

0

Che

lidae

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helo

dina

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sa

Nor

ther

n Sn

ake-

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ed T

urtle

0

■

Che

lidae

El

seya

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N

orth

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Snap

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Tur

tle

0

Che

lidae

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seya

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tern

um

Saw

shel

l Tur

tle

3

Che

lidae

Em

ydur

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acqu

arii

Kre

fft's

Riv

erTu

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3

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koni

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Car

phod

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mel

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Gec

ko

■ ■

6 20

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3340

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koni

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dach

neri

Box-

patte

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Gec

ko

0

■

Gek

koni

dae

Geh

yra

dubi

a N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

Gek

koni

dae

Geh

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N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

■

Gek

koni

dae

Geh

yra

varie

gata

Tr

ee D

tella

0

■

Verte

brat

es o

f the

Wet

Tro

pics

Rai

nfor

ests

of A

ustra

lia

47

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Gek

koni

dae

Hem

idac

tylu

s fre

natu

s H

ouse

Gec

ko

0

■

Gek

koni

dae

Het

eron

otia

bin

oei

Byn

oe's

Gec

ko

0

Gek

koni

dae

Lepi

doda

ctyl

us lu

gubr

is

Mou

rnin

g G

ecko

0

Gek

koni

dae

Nac

tus

chev

erti

No

com

mon

nam

e ■

3

1991

29

14

Gek

koni

dae

Nac

tus

galg

ajug

a B

lack

Mou

ntai

n G

ecko

■

■ 2

R

■

Gek

koni

dae

Nep

hrur

us a

sper

P

rickl

y K

nob-

taile

d G

ecko

0

■

Gek

koni

dae

Oed

ura

cast

elna

ui

Nor

ther

n V

elve

t Gec

ko

0

Gek

koni

dae

Oed

ura

cogg

eri

Nor

ther

n S

potte

d Ve

lvet

G

ecko

0

Gek

koni

dae

Oed

ura

mon

ilis

Oce

llate

d V

elve

t Gec

ko

1

Gek

koni

dae

Oed

ura

rhom

bife

r Zi

gzag

Vel

vet G

ecko

0

Gek

koni

dae

Phyl

luru

s am

nico

la

Mt.E

lliot L

eaf-t

ail g

ecko

■ 4

■

Gek

koni

dae

Phyl

luru

s gu

lbar

u G

ulba

ru G

ecko

■ 4

■

Gek

koni

dae

Saltu

ariu

s co

rnut

us

Nor

ther

n Le

af-ta

iled

Gec

ko

■ ■

5 34

84

9028

■

Gek

koni

dae

Stro

phur

us ta

enic

auda

G

olde

n-Ta

iled

Gec

ko

0

■

R

■

Gek

koni

dae

Stro

phur

us w

illiam

si

East

ern

Spin

y-ta

iled

Gec

ko

0

■

Pyg

opod

idae

D

elm

a la

bial

is

Stri

ped-

taile

d D

elm

a

3

V

VU

V

■

Pyg

opod

idae

D

elm

a m

itella

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

■

4

R

V

■

Pyg

opod

idae

D

elm

a tin

cta

No

com

mon

nam

e

1

Pyg

opod

idae

Li

alis

bur

toni

s B

urto

n's

Legl

ess

Liza

rd

1

Pyg

opod

idae

Py

gopu

s le

pido

podu

s C

omm

on S

caly

-Foo

t

0

Pyg

opod

idae

Py

gopu

s sc

hrad

eri

Hoo

ded

Scal

y-Fo

ot

2

Agam

idae

Am

phib

olur

us g

ilber

ti G

ilber

t’s D

rago

n

0

■

Agam

idae

Am

phib

olur

us n

obbi

N

obbi

0

■

Step

hen

E. W

illiam

s

48

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Agam

idae

C

hlam

ydos

auru

s ki

ngii

Frill-

neck

ed L

izar

d

0

Agam

idae

D

ipor

ipho

ra a

ustra

lis

Tom

my

Rou

ndhe

ad D

rago

n

0

Agam

idae

D

ipor

ipho

ra b

ilinea

ta

Two-

lined

Dra

gon

0

■

Agam

idae

H

ypsi

luru

s bo

ydii

Boy

d's

Fore

st D

rago

n ■

■ 6

3766

64

10

■

Agam

idae

Ph

ysig

nath

us le

sueu

rii

Eas

tern

Wat

er D

rago

n ■

4

9723

17

309

Agam

idae

Po

gona

bar

bata

Be

arde

d D

rago

n

0

Vara

nida

e Va

ranu

s go

uldi

i G

ould

's G

oann

a/S

and

Mon

itor

0

■

Vara

nida

e Va

ranu

s pa

nopt

es

Yel

low

-spo

tted

Mon

itor

0

■

Vara

nida

e Va

ranu

s sc

alar

is

Spo

tted

Tree

Mon

itor

■

4 42

13

9049

Vara

nida

e Va

ranu

s se

mire

mex

R

usty

Mon

itor

0

■

R

■

Vara

nida

e Va

ranu

s st

orri

Sto

rr’s

Mon

itor

0

■

Vara

nida

e Va

ranu

s tri

stis

Bl

ack

Hea

ded

Mon

itor

3

■

Vara

nida

e Va

ranu

s va

rius

Lace

Mon

itor

3

Scin

cida

e An

omal

opus

gow

i N

o co

mm

on n

ame

3

■

Scin

cida

e C

alyp

totis

thor

nton

ensi

s Th

ornt

on P

eak

Ski

nk

■ ■

6 35

58

R

■

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

aer

atus

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

3

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

folio

rum

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

jarn

olda

e N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

laev

is

No

com

mon

nam

e

■ 3

■

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

long

ipes

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

mun

da

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

■

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

mun

dive

nsis

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

pec

tora

lis

No

com

mon

nam

e

1

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

rhom

boid

alis

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

4

Verte

brat

es o

f the

Wet

Tro

pics

Rai

nfor

ests

of A

ustra

lia

49

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

rost

ralis

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

2

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

rubr

igul

aris

N

orth

ern

Red

-thro

ated

Ski

nk

■ ■

5 68

89

1837

3

■

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

sch

mel

tzii

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

sci

rtetis

B

lack

Mou

ntai

n S

kink

■ 2

R

■

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

sto

rri

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

tann

eri

No

com

mon

nam

e

3

■

R

■

Scin

cida

e C

arlia

viv

ax

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

Scin

cida

e C

oera

nosc

incu

s fro

ntal

is

No

com

mon

nam

e ■

■ 6

1296

24

30

R

■

Scin

cida

e C

rypt

oble

phar

us li

tora

lis

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

Scin

cida

e C

rypt

oble

phar

us

plag

ioce

phal

us

No

com

mon

nam

e

2

Scin

cida

e C

rypt

oble

phar

us v

irgat

us

No

com

mon

nam

e

2

Scin

cida

e C

teno

tus

essi

ngto

ni

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

■

Scin

cida

e C

teno

tus

euta

eniu

s N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

■

Scin

cida

e C

teno

tus

mon

ticol

a N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

E

?

■

Scin

cida

e C

teno

tus

nullu

m

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

■

Scin

cida

e C

teno

tus

robu

stus

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

Scin

cida

e C

teno

tus

spal

ding

i N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

Scin

cida

e C

teno

tus

taen

iola

tus

Cop

per-t

aile

d Sk

ink

0

Scin

cida

e C

teno

tus

terra

regi

nae

No

com

mon

nam

e

■ 0

■

Scin

cida

e C

yclo

dom

orph

us g

erra

rdii

Pink

-tong

ued

Liza

rd

3

Scin

cida

e Eg

erni

a fre

rei

Maj

or S

kink

3

Scin

cida

e Eg

erni

a ru

gosa

Y

akka

Ski

nk

0

■

V

V

■

Scin

cida

e Eg

erni

a st

riola

ta

Tree

Ski

nk

0

■

Step

hen

E. W

illiam

s

50

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Scin

cida

e Eu

lam

prus

bra

chys

oma

No

com

mon

nam

e

3

Scin

cida

e Eu

lam

prus

frer

ei

No

com

mon

nam

e ■

■ 6

48

71

R

■

Scin

cida

e Eu

lam

prus

quo

yii

Eas

tern

Wat

er S

kink

4

Scin

cida

e Eu

lam

prus

tigr

inus

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

■ ■

6 37

81

5362

R

■

Scin

cida

e G

laph

yrom

orph

us

clan

dest

inus

M

t Ellio

t ski

nk

■

3

■

Scin

cida

e G

laph

yrom

orph

us c

race

ns

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

■

Scin

cida

e G

laph

yrom

orph

us

cras

sica

udus

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

3

Scin

cida

e G

laph

yrom

orph

us

fusc

icau

dis

Gre

y-ta

iled

Ski

nk

■ ■

5 28

91

5282

■

Scin

cida

e G

laph

yrom

orph

us m

jobe

rgi

No

com

mon

nam

e ■

■ 6

820

1339

R

■

Scin

cida

e G

laph

yrom

orph

us n

igric

audi

s N

o co

mm

on n

ame

2

Scin

cida

e G

laph

yrom

orph

us p

arda

lis

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

Scin

cida

e G

laph

yrom

orph

us p

umilu

s N

o co

mm

on n

ame

1

Scin

cida

e G

laph

yrom

orph

us

punc

tula

tus

No

com

mon

nam

e

2

Scin

cida

e G

nype

tosc

incu

s qu

eens

land

iae

Pric

kly

Fore

st S

kink

■

■ 6

3628

58

51

■

Scin

cida

e La

mpr

opho

lis c

ogge

ri N

o co

mm

on n

ame

■ ■

5 38

10

7322

■

Scin

cida

e La

mpr

opho

lis d

elic

ata

No

com

mon

nam

e

3

Scin

cida

e La

mpr

opho

lis m

irabi

lis

No

com

mon

nam

e

■ 3

R

■

Scin

cida

e La

mpr

opho

lis ro

berts

i N

o co

mm

on n

ame

■ ■

6 35

8 57

5

R

■

Scin

cida

e Le

rista

sto

rri

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

■

R

■

Scin

cida

e Le

rista

zon

ulat

a N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

■

Scin

cida

e M

enet

ia g

reyi

i N

o co

mm

on n

ame

0

Verte

brat

es o

f the

Wet

Tro

pics

Rai

nfor

ests

of A

ustra

lia

51

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Scin

cida

e M

enet

ia k

oshl

anda

e N

o co

mm

on n

ame

3

Scin

cida

e M

enet

ia s

adlie

ri N

o co

mm

on n

ame

■

0

R

■

Scin

cida

e M

enet

ia ti

mlo

wi

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

Scin

cida

e M

oret

hia

taen

iopl

eura

Fi

re-ta

iled

Ski

nk

0

Scin

cida

e Pr

oabl

epha

rus

tenu

is

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

Scin

cida

e Sa

pros

cinc

us b

asilis

cus

No

com

mon

nam

e ■

■ 5

4226

79

96

■

Scin

cida

e Sa

pros

cinc

us c

zech

urai

C

zech

ura'

s Li

tter S

kink

■

■ 6

514

1328

■

Scin

cida

e Sa

pros

cinc

us le

wis

i N

o co

mm

on n

ame

■ ■

5 64

8 95

9

■

Scin

cida

e Sa

pros

cinc

us te

trada

ctyl

us

Four

-toed

Litt

er S

kink

■

■ 6

3987

65

48

■

Scin

cida

e Te

chm

arsc

incu

s jig

urru

B

artle

Fre

re S

kink

■

■ 6

9 12

R

■

Scin

cida

e Ti

liqua

sci

ncoi

des

Eas

tern

Blu

e-to

ngue

Liz

ard

0

Typh

lopi

dae

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

affin

is

No

com

mon

nam

e

3

Typh

lopi

dae

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

broo

mi

No

com

mon

nam

e

3

R

■

Typh

lopi

dae

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

ligat

us

No

com

mon

nam

e

3

■

Typh

lopi

dae

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

poly

gram

mic

us

No

com

mon

nam

e

3

Typh

lopi

dae

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

prox

imus

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

3

Typh

lopi

dae

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

robe

rtsi

No

com

mon

nam

e

■ 3

■

Typh

lopi

dae

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

ungu

irost

ris

No

com

mon

nam

e

3

Typh

lopi

dae

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

wie

dii

No

com

mon

nam

e

3

Boid

ae

Anta

resi

a m

acul

osus

S

potte

d P

ytho

n

2

Boid

ae

Anta

resi

a st

imso

ni

Stim

son'

s P

ytho

n

0

■

Boid

ae

Aspi

dite

s m

elan

ocep

halu

s Bl

ack-

head

ed P

ytho

n

0

Boid

ae

Lias

is m

ackl

oti

Wat

er P

ytho

n

2

Step

hen

E. W

illiam

s

52

Fam

ily

Spec

ies

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Map

End.

RF

Core Dist. Area

Range

Edge

Intro.

NC Act

IUCN

EPBC Act

VIS

Boid

ae

Mor

elia

kin

ghor

ni

Am

ethy

stin

e P

ytho

n ■

5

4587

80

56

Boid

ae

Mor

elia

spi

lota

C

arpe

t Pyt

hon

■

5 10

066

2072

3

Acro

chor

dida

e Ac

roch

ordu

s gr

anul

atus

Li

ttle

File

Sna

ke

0

Col

ubrid

ae

Boig

a irr

egul

aris

Br

own

Tree

Sna

ke

■

3 11

618

2035

4

Col

ubrid

ae

Den

drel

aphi

s ca

lligas

tra

Nor

ther

n Tr

ee S

nake

■

4

1668

26

14

Col

ubrid

ae

Den

drel

aphi

s pu

nctu

lata

C

omm

on T

ree

Snak

e ■

3

9581

17

040

Col

ubrid

ae

Enhy

dris

pol

ylep

is

Mac

Leay

's W

ater

Sna

ke

0

Col

ubrid

ae

Steg

onot

us c

ucul

latu

s S

laty

-gre

y S

nake

■

4

8671

11

603

Col

ubrid

ae

Trop

idon

ophi

s m

airii

Ke

elba

ck

■

3 70

33

1115

7

Ela

pida

e Ac

anth

ophi

s an

tarc

ticus

C

omm

on D

eath

Add

er

1

R

■

Ela

pida

e Ac

anth

ophi

s pr

aelo

ngus

N

orth

ern

Dea

th A

dder

1

Ela

pida

e An

tairo

serp

ens

war

ro

No

com

mon

nam

e

0

■

R

■

Ela

pida

e C

acop

his

chur

chilli

N

o co

mm

on n

ame

■ ■

4 62

83

1214

7

■

Ela

pida

e C

acop

his

squa

mul

osus

G

olde

n C

row

ned

Snak

e

5

Ela

pida

e C

rypt

ophi

s bo

schm

ai

Car

pent

aria

Whi

p-sn

ake

0

■

Ela

pida

e C

rypt

ophi

s ni

gres

cens

Ea

ster

n Sm

alle

yed

Snak

e ■

5

4993

12

616

Ela

pida

e C

rypt

ophi

s ni

gros

triat

us

Bla

ck-s

tripe

d S

nake

0

Ela

pida

e D

eman

sia

papu

ensi

s G

reat

er B

lack

Whi

psna

ke

0

Ela

pida

e D

eman

sia

psam

mop

his

Yel

low

-face

d W

hips

nake

■

3

3122

11

686

Ela

pida

e D

eman

sia

torq

uata

C

olla

red

Whi

psna

ke

3

Ela

pida

e D

eman

sia

vest

igia

ta

Bla

ck W

hips

nake

2

Ela

pida

e Fu

rina

barn

ardi

Ye

llow

-nap

ed S

nake

3

R

■

Ela

pida

e Fu

rina

orna

ta

Ora

nge-

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57

APPENDIX B

SPECIES RICHNESS MAPS AND SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS

Stephen E. Williams

58

Key to Species Distribution Maps (Maps 13-192)

Range

Marginal

Core

Records

Legend Climatic Habitat


59

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 1: Species Richness of Rainforest Vertebrates Total Species N = 287 Species Mapped N = 172

Stephen E. Williams

60

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 2: Species Richness of Endemic Rainforest Vertebrates Total Species N = 71 Species Mapped N = 69


61

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 3: Species Richness of Listed Rainforest Species Total Species N = 89 Species Mapped N = 36

Stephen E. Williams

62

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 4: Species Richness of Rainforest Mammals Total Species N = 47 Species Mapped N = 21


63

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 5: Species Richness of Endemic Rainforest Mammals Total Species N = 11 Species Mapped N = 11

Stephen E. Williams

64

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 6: Species Richness of Rainforest Birds Total Species N = 119 Species Mapped N = 86


65

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 7: Species Richness of Endemic Rainforest Birds Total Species N = 12 Species Mapped N = 12

Stephen E. Williams

66

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 8: Species Richness of Rainforest Reptiles Total Species N = 84 Species Mapped N = 39


67

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 9: Species Richness of Endemic Rainforest Reptiles Total Species N = 22 Species Mapped N = 20

Stephen E. Williams

68

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 10: Species Richness of Rainforest Frogs Total Species N = 42 Species Mapped N = 26


69

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 11: Species Richness of Endemic Non-Microhylid Frogs Total Species N = 12 Species Mapped N = 11

Stephen E. Williams

70

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 12: Species Richness of Endemic Microhylid Frogs Total Species N = 14 Species Mapped N = 13

71

Monotremes


73

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 13: Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 21 Map Reliability:

75

Mammals


77

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 14: Antechinus adustus Rusty Antechinus Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 34 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

78

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 15: Antechinus flavipes Yellow-footed Antechinus Distribution: Australian Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 65 Map Reliability:


79

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 16: Antechinus godmani Atherton Antechinus Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 29 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

80

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 17: Dasyurus maculatus Spotted-tailed Quoll Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Obligate in Northeast Queensland Number of Records: 189 Map Reliability: N.B. Species has significantly contracted its distribution over recent years.


81

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 18: Perameles nasuta Long-nosed Bandicoot Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 197 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

82

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 19: Dactylopsila trivirgata Striped Possum Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 61 Map Reliability:


83

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 20: Petaurus australis Yellow-bellied Glider Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Vulnerable Habitat: Occasionally Rainforest Number of Records: 166 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

84

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 21: Petaurus gracilis Mahogany Glider Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Occasionally Rainforest Number of Records: 166 Map Reliability: N.B. Has not been clipped by cleared areas.


85

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 22: Hemibelideus lemuroides Lemuroid Ringtail Possum Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 132 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

86

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 23: Pseudochirops archeri Green Ringtail Possum Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 157 Map Reliability:


87

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 24: Pseudochirulus cinereus Daintree River Ringtail Possum Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 147 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

88

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 25: Pseudochirulus herbertensis Herbert River Ringtail Possum Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 165 Map Reliability:


89

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 26: Trichosurus vulpecula Coppery Brushtail Possum Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 24 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

90

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 27: Cercartetus caudatus Long-tailed Pygmy Possum Distribution: Northeast Australia and New GuineaConservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 14 Map Reliability:


91

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 28: Bettongia tropica Northern Bettong Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Occasionally Rainforest Number of Records: 119 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

92

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 29: Hypsiprymnodon moschatus Musky Rat-kangaroo Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 87 Map Reliability:


93

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 30: Dendrolagus bennettianus Bennett's Tree-kangaroo Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 17 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

94

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 31: Dendrolagus lumholtzi Lumholtz's Tree-kangaroo Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 101 Map Reliability:


95

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 32: Thylogale stigmatica Red-legged Pademelon Distribution: East Coast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 226 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

96

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 33: Melomys cervinipes Fawn-footed Melomys Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 215 Map Reliability:


97

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 34: Pogonomys mollipilosus Prehensile-tailed Rat Distribution: Northeast Australia Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 5 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

98

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 35: Rattus fuscipes Bush Rat Distribution: Australian Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 91 Map Reliability: N.B. Identification problems – R. leucopus.


99

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 36: Rattus leucopus Cape York Rat Distribution: Northeast Australia Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 50 Map Reliability: N.B. Identification problem – R. fuscipes.

Stephen E. Williams

100

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 37: Uromys caudimaculatus Giant White-tailed Rat Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 195 Map Reliability:


101

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 38: Uromys hadrourus Masked White-tailed Rat Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 9 Map Reliability:

103

Birds


105

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 39: Casuarius casuarius Southern Cassowary Distribution: Northeast Australia and New GuineaConservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 554 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

106

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 40: Alectura lathami Australian Brush Turkey Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 216 Map Reliability:


107

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 41: Megapodius reinwardt Orange-footed Scrubfowl Distribution: Northern and Northeast Australia, Papua New Guinea, Southeast Asia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 265 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

108

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 42: Accipiter novaehollandiae Grey Goshawk Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 55 Map Reliability:


109

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 43: Rallina tricolor Red-necked Crake Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 33 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

110

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 44: Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove Distribution: Northern and Eastern Australia, Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 200 Map Reliability:


111

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 45: Columba leucomela White-headed Pigeon Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 114 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

112

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 46: Ducula bicolor Pied Imperial Pigeon Distribution: Northern and Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 61 Map Reliability:


113

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 47: Lopholaimus antarcticus Topknot Pigeon Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 150 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

114

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 48: Macropygia amboinensis Brown Cuckoo-Dove Distribution: Eastern Australia and New GuineaConservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 395 Map Reliability:


115

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 49: Ptilinopus magnificus Wompoo Fruit-Dove Distribution: East Coast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 354 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

116

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 50: Ptilinopus regina Rose-crowned Fruit-Dove Distribution: Northern and East Coast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 47 Map Reliability:


117

145°

16°

17°

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19°

147° 146°

Map 51: Ptilinopus superbus Superb Fruit-Dove Distribution: East Coast Australia, Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 284 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

118

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 52: Cacatua galerita Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 570 Map Reliability:


119

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 53: Alisterus scapularis Australian King Parrot Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 250 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

120

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 54: Cyclopsitta diophthalma Double-eyed Fig-Parrot Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Vulnerable Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 174 Map Reliability:


121

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 55: Platycercus elegans Crimson Rosella Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 117 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

122

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 56: Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus Scaly-breasted Lorikeet Distribution: East Australian Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 242 Map Reliability:


123

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 57: Trichoglossus haematodus Rainbow Lorikeet Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 476 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

124

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 58: Cacomantis castaneiventris Chestnut-breasted Cuckoo Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 6 Map Reliability:


125

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 59: Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 160 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

126

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 60: Cacomantis variolosus Brush Cuckoo Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 89 Map Reliability:


127

145°

16°

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Map 61: Chrysococcyx lucidus Shining Bronze-Cuckoo (Golden) Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 177 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

128

145°

16°

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Map 62: Chrysococcyx russatus Gould's Bronze-Cuckoo Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 29 Map Reliability:


129

145°

16°

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Map 63: Cuculus saturatus Oriental Cuckoo Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 11 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

130

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 64: Eudynamys scolopacea Common Koel Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 70 Map Reliability:


131

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 65: Ninox novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 140 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

132

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 66: Ninox rufa Rufous Owl Distribution: Northern and Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Vulnerable Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 17 Map Reliability:


133

145°

16°

17°

18°

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Map 67: Tyto multipunctata Lesser Sooty Owl Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 91 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

134

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 68: Podargus papuensis Papuan Frogmouth Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 20 Map Reliability:


135

145°

16°

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Map 69: Collocalia spodiopygius White-rumped Swiftlet Distribution: Northeast Australia Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 152 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

136

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 70: Alcedo azurea Azure Kingfisher Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 62 Map Reliability:


137

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 71: Alcedo pusilla Little Kingfisher Distribution: Northern and Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 22 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

138

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 72: Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra Distribution: Australian Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 240 Map Reliability:


139

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 73: Tanysiptera sylvia Buff-breasted Paradise-Kingfisher Distribution: Northeast Australia and New GuineaConservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 47 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

140

145°

16°

17°

18°

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147° 146°

Map 74: Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 243 Map Reliability:


141

145°

16°

17°

18°

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Map 75: Pitta versicolor Noisy Pitta Distribution: East Coast Australia and New GuineaConservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 128 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

142

145°

16°

17°

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Map 76: Cormobates leucophaeus White-throated Treecreeper Distribution: Australian Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 389 Map Reliability:


143

145°

16°

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Map 77: Acanthiza katherina Mountain Thornbill Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 224 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

144

145°

16°

17°

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Map 78: Gerygone magnirostris Large-billed Gerygone Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 54 Map Reliability:


145

145°

16°

17°

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Map 79: Gerygone mouki Brown Gerygone Distribution: East Australian Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 437 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

146

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 80: Oreoscopus gutturalis Fernwren Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 232 Map Reliability:


147

145°

16°

17°

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Map 81: Sericornis citreogularis Yellow-throated Scrubwren Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 304 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

148

145°

16°

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Map 82: Sericornis frontalis White-browed Scrubwren Distribution: Australian Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 62 Map Reliability:


149

145°

16°

17°

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Map 83: Sericornis keri Atherton Scrubwren Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 102 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

150

145°

16°

17°

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Map 84: Sericornis magnirostris Large-billed Scrubwren Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 510 Map Reliability:


151

145°

16°

17°

18°

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147° 146°

Map 85: Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Eastern Spinebill Distribution: Southern and Eastern Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 162 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

152

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 86: Lichenostomus frenatus Bridled Honeyeater Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 359 Map Reliability:


153

145°

16°

17°

18°

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147° 146°

Map 87: Meliphaga gracilis Graceful Honeyeater Distribution: Northeast Australia and New GuineaConservation Status: Rainforest Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 320 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

154

145°

16°

17°

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Map 88: Meliphaga lewinii Lewin's Honeyeater Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 553 Map Reliability:


155

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 89: Meliphaga notata Yellow-spotted Honeyeater Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 434 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

156

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 90: Myzomela obscura Dusky Honeyeater Distribution: Northeast Australia and New GuineaConservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 229 Map Reliability:


157

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 91: Myzomela sanguinolenta Scarlet Honeyeater Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 166 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

158

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 92: Philemon buceroides Helmeted Friarbird Distribution: Northern and Northeastern Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 155 Map Reliability:


159

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 93: Xanthotis macleayana Macleay's Honeyeater Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 345 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

160

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 94: Heteromyias albispecularis Grey-headed Robin Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 513 Map Reliability:


161

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 95: Tregellasia capito Pale-yellow Robin Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 390 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

162

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 96: Orthonyx spaldingii Chowchilla Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 314 Map Reliability:


163

145°

16°

17°

18°

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147° 146°

Map 97: Psophodes olivaceus Eastern Whipbird Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 453 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

164

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 98: Colluricincla boweri Bowers Shrike-Thrush Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 285 Map Reliability:


165

145°

16°

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18°

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147° 146°

Map 99: Colluricincla megarhyncha Little Shrike-Thrush Distribution: Northern and Northeastern Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 533 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

166

145°

16°

17°

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Map 100: Pachycephala pectoralis Golden Whistler Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 444 Map Reliability:


167

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 101: Arses kaupi Pied Monarch Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 136 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

168

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 102: Dicrurus bracteatus Spangled Drongo Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 337 Map Reliability:


169

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 103: Machaerirhynchus flaviventer Yellow-breasted Boatbill Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 227 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

170

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 104: Monarcha leucotis White-eared Monarch Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 19 Map Reliability:


171

145°

16°

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Map 105: Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch Distribution: Eastern Australia and New GuineaConservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 235 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

172

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 106: Monarcha trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch Distribution: East Coast Australia, Papua New Guinea, Southeast Asia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 476 Map Reliability:


173

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 107: Rhipidura fuliginosa Grey Fantail Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 501 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

174

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 108: Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail Distribution: Northern and Eastern Australia, Papua New Guinea, Southeast Asia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 287 Map Reliability:


175

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 109: Coracina lineata Barred Cuckoo-Shrike Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 190 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

176

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 110: Lalage leucomela Varied Triller Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 348 Map Reliability:


177

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 111: Oriolus flavocinctus Yellow Oriole Distribution: Northern and Northeastern Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 102 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

178

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 112: Oriolus sagittatus Olive-backed Oriole Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 60 Map Reliability:


179

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 113: Artamus leucorynchus White-breasted Woodswallow Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 144 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

180

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 114: Cracticus quoyi Black Butcherbird Distribution: Northeastern Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 201 Map Reliability:


181

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 115: Strepera graculina Pied Currawong Distribution: East Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 274 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

182

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 116: Ptiloris victoriae Victoria's Riflebird Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 429 Map Reliability:


183

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 117: Ailuroedus melanotis Spotted Catbird Distribution: Northeastern Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 447 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

184

145°

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147° 146°

Map 118: Prionodura newtoniana Golden Bowerbird Distribution: WetTropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 83 Map Reliability:


185

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 119: Ptilonorhynchus violaceus Satin Bowerbird Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 104 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

186

145°

16°

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19°

147° 146°

Map 120: Scenopoeetes dentirostris Tooth-billed Bowerbird Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 245 Map Reliability:


187

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 121: Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 441 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

188

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 122: Zosterops lateralis Silvereye Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 344 Map Reliability:


189

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 123: Zoothera lunulata Bassian Thrush Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 33 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

190

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 124: Aplonis metallica Metallic Starling Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 119 Map Reliability:


191

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 125: Erythrura trichroa Blue-faced Parrot-Finch Distribution: Northeast Australia, Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 13 Map Reliability:

193

Reptiles


195

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 126: Carphodactylus laevis Chameleon Gecko Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 69 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

196

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 127: Nactus cheverti No common name Distribution: Wet Tropics and Cape York PeninsulaConservation Status: Not Known Habitat: Common in rainforest but not core habitat. Number of Records: 7 Map Reliability:


197

145°

16°

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Map 128: Nactus galgajuga Black Mountain Gecko Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Boulder fields of Black Mountain Number of Records: 2 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

198

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 129: Saltuarius cornutus Northern Leaf-tailed Gecko Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 147 Map Reliability:


199

145°

16°

17°

18°

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147° 146°

Map 130: Hypsilurus boydii Boyd's Forest Dragon Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 64 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

200

145°

16°

17°

18°

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147° 146°

Map 131: Physignathus lesueurii Eastern Water Dragon Distribution: East Coast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 105 Map Reliability:


201

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 132: Varanus scalaris Spotted Tree Monitor Distribution: Wet Tropics and Cape York Peninsula Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 30 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

202

145°

16°

17°

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18°

Map 133: Calyptotis thorntonensis Thornton Peak Skink Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Map Reliability:


203

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 134: Carlia rubrigularis Northern Red-throated Skink Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 247 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

204

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 135: Coeranoscincus frontalis No common name Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 11 Map Reliability:


205

145°

16°

17°

19°

147° 146°

18°

Map 136: Eulamprus frerei No common name Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Map Reliability: N.B. Based on altitude only – not modelled.

Stephen E. Williams

206

145°

16°

17°

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19°

147° 146°

Map 137: Eulamprus tigrinus No common name Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 31 Map Reliability:


207

145°

16°

17°

18°

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147° 146°

Map 138: Glaphyromorphus fuscicaudis Grey-tailed Skink Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 29 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

208

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 139: Glaphyromorphus mjobergi No common name Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 12 Map Reliability:


209

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 140: Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae Prickly Forest Skink Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 169 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

210

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 141: Lampropholis coggeri No common name Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 165 Map Reliability:


211

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 142: Lampropholis robertsi No common name Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 15 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

212

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 143: Saproscincus basiliscus No common name Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 179 Map Reliability:


213

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 144: Saproscincus czechurai Czechura's Litter Skink Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 21 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

214

145°

16°

17°

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147° 146°

Map 145: Saproscincus lewisi No common name Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest and associated wet forests Number of Records: 9 Map Reliability:


215

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 146: Saproscincus tetradactylus Four-toed Litter Skink Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 46 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

216

145°

16°

17°

19°

147° 146°

18°

Map 147: Techmarscincus jigurru Bartle Frere Skink Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Map Reliability: N.B. Based on altitude only – not modelled.


217

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 148: Morelia kinghorni Amethystine Python Distribution: Northeast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 120 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

218

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 149: Morelia spilota Carpet Python Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 59 Map Reliability:


219

145°

16°

17°

18°

19°

147° 146°

Map 150: Boiga irregularis Brown Tree Snake Distribution: Cosmopolitan Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 47 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

220

145°

16°

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147° 146°

Map 151: Dendrelaphis calligastra Northern Tree Snake Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 13 Map Reliability:


221

145°

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147° 146°

Map 152: Dendrelaphis punctulata Common Tree Snake Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 42 Map Reliability:

Stephen E. Williams

222

145°

16°

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18°

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Map 153: Stegonotus cucullatus Slaty-grey Snake Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 18 Map Reliability:


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Map 154: Tropidonophis mairii Keelback Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 17 Map Reliability:

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Map 155: Cacophis churchilli Northern Dwarf Crowned Snake Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 15 Map Reliability:


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Map 156: Cryptophis nigrescens Eastern Small-Eyed Snake Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 45 Map Reliability:

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Map 157: Demansia psammophis Yellow-faced Whipsnake Distribution: Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 22 Map Reliability:


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Map 158: Hemiaspis signata Black-bellied Swamp Snake Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 9 Map Reliability:

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Map 159: Pseudechis porphyriacus Red-bellied Black Snake Distribution: Australian Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 51 Map Reliability:


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Map 160: Tropidechis carinatus Rough-scaled Snake Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 9 Map Reliability: N.B. Additional records indicate species now occurs on Thornton Peak at 1,250 metres and Mount Elliot at 1,200 metres.

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Map 161: Litoria fallax Eastern Sedgefrog Distribution: Australian Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 28 Map Reliability:

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Map 162: Litoria genimaculata Green-eyed Treefrog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 172 Map Reliability:


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Map 163: Litoria infrafrenata White-lipped Treefrog Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 21 Map Reliability:

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Map 164: Litoria lesueuri Stony-creek Frog Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 163 Map Reliability: N.B. This species has now been split into L. junguy inrainforest and L. wilcoxii in non-rainforest.


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Map 165: Litoria lorica Armoured Mistfrog Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered, possibly extinct. Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 11 Map Reliability:

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Map 166(a): Litoria nannotis Waterfall Frog ALL RECORDS Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 129 Map Reliability: N.B. Now uncommon above 700 metres except ondrier western edge waterfalls, see Map 166(b).


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Map 166(b): Litoria nannotis Waterfall Frog POST DECLINE Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 31 Map Reliability:

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Map 167: Litoria nasuta Striped Rocketfrog Distribution: Northern and Eastern Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 33 Map Reliability:


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Map 168: Litoria nyakalensis Mountain Mistfrog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered, possibly extinct.Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 35 Map Reliability:

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Map 169(a): Litoria rheocola Common Mistfrog ALL RECORDS Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 147 Map Reliability: N.B. Now uncommon above 700 metres, see Map 169(b).


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Map 169(b): Litoria rheocola Common Mistfrog POST-DECLINE Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 37 Map Reliability:

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Map 170: Litoria xanthomera Northern Orange-eyed Treefrog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest and other wet forests Number of Records: 57 Map Reliability:


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Map 171(a): Nyctimystes dayi Australian Lace-lid ALL RECORDS Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 112 Map Reliability: N.B. Now uncommon above 500 metres, see Map 171(b).

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Map 171(b): Nyctimystes dayi Australian Lace-lid POST-DECLINE Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 21 Map Reliability:


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Map 172: Limnodynastes peronii Striped Marshfrog Distribution: East Coast Australia Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 70 Map Reliability:

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Map 173: Mixophyes schevilli Northern Barred Frog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 120 Map Reliability: N.B. This species is likely to be split into three species, including M. spp A, see Map 174.


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Map 174: Mixophyes species A Northern Barred Frog spp A Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 9 Map Reliability: N.B. Part of M. schevilli complex.

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Map 175: Pseudophryne covacevichae Magnificent Broodfrog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Vulnerable Habitat: Never in Rainforest Number of Records: 72 Map Reliability:


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Map 176: Taudactylus acutirostris Sharp-snouted Dayfrog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 60 Map Reliability:

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Map 177: Taudactylus rheophilus Northern Tinkerfrog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Endangered Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 22 Map Reliability:


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Map 178: Uperoleia altissima Tableland Gungan Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Never in Rainforest Number of Records: 9 Map Reliability:

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Map 179: Austrochaperina fryi Cricket Chirper Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 144 Map Reliability:


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Map 180: Austrochaperina pluvialis White-browed Chirper Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 47 Map Reliability:

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Map 181: Austrochaperina robusta Pealing Chirper Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 200 Map Reliability:


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Map 182: Cophixalus aenigma Tapping Nursery-Frog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Not Listed Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 61 Map Reliability: N.B. Previously C. concinnus.

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Map 183: Cophixalus bombiens Windsor Nursery-Frog Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 36 Map Reliability:


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Map 184: Cophixalus concinnus Beautiful Nursery-Frog Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Map Reliability: N.B. Based on altitude; not modelled. However, recent abundance surveys confirm species to be only above 1,150

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Map 185: Cophixalus exiguus Bloomfield Nursery-Frog Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 12 Map Reliability:


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Map 186: Cophixalus hosmeri Pipping Nursery-Frog Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 22 Map Reliability: N.B. For Carbine Tableland: very unlikely to occur in other predicted areas on Windsor Tableland or Atherton Tablelands.

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Map 187: Cophixalus infacetus Buzzing Nursery-Frog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 49 Map Reliability:


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Map 188: Cophixalus monticola Mountain Top Nursery-Frog Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 9 Map Reliability:

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Map 189: Cophixalus neglectus Tangerine Nursery-Frog Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Rainforest Obligate Number of Records: 25 Map Reliability:


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Map 190: Cophixalus ornatus Common Nursery-Frog Distribution: Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Rainforest Number of Records: 344 Map Reliability:

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Map 191: Cophixalus saxatilis Boulder Nursery-Frog Distribution: Restricted Wet Tropics Endemic Conservation Status: Rare Habitat: Boulder Fields at Black Mountain Number of Records: 5 Map Reliability:


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Map 192: Rana daemeli Australian Bullfrog Distribution: Northeast Australia and New Guinea Conservation Status: Common Habitat: Forest Generalist Number of Records: 22 Map Reliability:

vertebrates of the wet tropics rainforests of australia

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