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A

Report on

Tractor Operated Combination Implement for tilling

and ridging operations.

TEAM: - Illuminatus Sr. no. Name

1. Prof . S.M.Kulkarni (mentor) 2. Mayur Choudhari 3. Chinmay Pathak 4. Sachin Tupe 5. Roshan Umekar 6. Altaf Somani

Department of Mechanical Engineering

MIT College of Engineering, Pune

Savitribai Phule Pune University

2014-2015

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Abstract:-

The current field relates to the earth working implement tool. Regular attempts have been made to

design the single pass tool for Tilling as well as Ridging all over the world. We propose a design with

which we will be able to ridge the land in same pass of Tilling. Our design compactly contains a Tilling

Tool, a Forming Tool & a Ridging Tool.

Our design has a multi-pass Ridging Tool. Also, we propose a method of reducing the tractive

effort during Tilling. A simple Furrowing tool will keep the balance of the system as well as it will guide

the tilled soil to Ridging Tool. A spool shaft Ridging Tool will finally produce uniform and equispaced

ridges. Tilling and Ridging is carried out separately. Our approach is to improve currently existing

designs and optimize the process of Tilling and Ridging by using a single tool.

The current report is based on the force analysis of the proposed design. The rough dimensions of

the parts are assumed. The CAD model of the final design is also included in this report

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Index

List of figures

Sr. no. Name of the section Page no.

1. Introduction 4

2. Proposed plan and challenges 4

3. Mathematical data 8

4. Derivation for force analysis 10

5. Outcome of the study 13

6. Innovation of our idea 13

7. Future scope 14

8. References 14

Sr. no. Name of the figure Page no.

1. ISO view of the solid-works design 5

2. Top view of the solid-works design 5

3. Mould board tilling tool design 7

4. Array of chisel plow design 7

5. Furrowing tool design 7

6. Ridging tool design 8

7. Tilling tool force analysis 10

8. Tilling stroke loading diagram 10

9. Ridging tool force analysis 12

10. Ridging tool loading diagram 12

11. Overall side view 13

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Introduction:- This report mainly talks about the proposed design for our problem statement. We studied many

design possibilities for our given combined tilling and ridging earth working tool. And we finally came up

with a solution on the design. We have also done some rough force analysis for our design and came up

with some possibly flexible assumptions to the dimensions of the design.

Steps followed during the design:-

Study of the problem statement.

Understood the requirement of the problem statement and studied some current

technologies in the same field or corresponding field.

Studied the basics of Soil mechanics which helped us to understand many parameters of

the soil.

Some standard values were taken from the references and the desired force analysis was

done.

The force analysis enabled us to finalize the dimensions of our design, and further

enabled us for the future scope of this subject.

Proposed plan and challenges:- We propose the earth working tool to be combined such that the ridging will occur at the same

stroke that of tilling. The combination of these two systems is itself a risk taking approach. In the

previous abstract we studied the tilling and ridging processes completely. In this report we focused on the

main design parameters and the force analysis of the design as well as the CAD designing of our proposed

design.

o Challenges for design:-

The placements of the tilling and ridging tools.

Maintaining the length and width of the whole structure under the limit.

Designing for the weight of the total assembly of proposed design.

The strength calculations for the soil conditions.

The force analysis of the design.

Deciding the dimensions of the parts and then finally the complete assembly.

o Proposed plan:-

We propose the design for combined tilling and ridging tool.

The CAD model of our design is as shown in the fig.

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Fig. 1

ISO view of solidworks design

Fig . 2

Top view of the design

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Some notable points regarding design are:-

The coarse tilling tool is placed first placed in the array of the earth working tools.

We have placed 3 coarse tilling tools for first stroke.

The height of the coarse tilling tool is designed such as to get the depth of the plow to be

0.3 m.

The height of the fine tilling tool is adjusted such that only 1/3rd that of the depth of the

plow in the first plow.

We have placed an array of chisel plow tools for the fine tilling operation. We also

propose the horizontal motion of the array of the chisel plow tools.

The furrowing tool is placed after the fine tilling chisel plow tool. The furrowing tool is

used to rearrange the tilled soil for the next ridging tool.

The ridging tool is designed to be as a spool shaft. The desired height of the ridge is

obtained from the ridging tool.

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o Dimensions:-

A. For coarse tilling tool :-

Depth of cut d = 300 mm

Height of tool = 876 mm

Width of the tool = 1000 mm

Length of the tool = 900 mm

Fig. 3

B. For chisel plow tool(fine tilling) :-

Depth of cut d’ = 200 mm

Height of tool = 612 mm

Width of the tool = 100 mm

Length of the tool = 400 mm

Fig. 4

C. For furrowing tool :-

Diameter of the disc = D = 600 mm

Fig. 5

D. For ridging tool:-

Outer diameter of the ridging tool d0 = 600 mm

Inner diameter of the ridging tool di = 100 mm

Length of ridging tool (pick to pick) l = 600 mm

Height of the ridge h = (ro-ri) = 0.25 m

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Fig.6

Mathematical data :-

Soil mechanics: Assuming black cotton soil for maximum shear strength considerations, At OMC to MDD:[OMC:- optimum moisture content and MDD: - maximum dry density] We have the equation for shear strength of soil: c ’tan (

shear strength of the soil (kN/m2)

’= (-u):- tensile strength of the soil (kN/m2)

u :- pore pressure of the soil (kN/m2)

Friction angle for soil

Reference values

kN/m2

u=g*(z-dw)

g = 9.81 m/s

z= 0.3 m

dw = 1 m

u = 6.867 kN/m2

So, c ’tan ()

Put the values,

36.500 tan ();

kN/m2

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Now considering the area of tilling tool as a shearing area at first stroke,

Area of shearing = As = 2*(1.50572*10-4 ) m2

Now we know that shear strength,

Fs/ As;

So,

Fs = 21.645 N

Now let’s go from the other perspective,

Considering the tractor power as 75 HP --------------------------- (data from Google)

Available power at the tool for earth working is,

Assumed to be 80% of the total power

P = 60 HP.

P = 60*0.746 kW

Power = force * velocity

Assume the velocity of the tractor to be v= 5 miles per hour -------------------- [data from Google]

So v = 5 mph = 2.22 m/sec

Assume v = 2m/s

60*746 = Fh* (2)

So, Fh = 22.38 kN

This horizontal force of Fh :

Should be able to overcome:-

Fs – Shearing force on the first row of tilling

W1 – weight of the first tilling row

W2 – weight of the second tilling row (fine tilling row)

Fs’ – shearing force on the second row tilling

W3 – weight of the furrowing tool

W4- weight of the ridging tool

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Derivation for force analysis

A. For tilling tool :-

Fig. 7

kN/m2

Now considering the area of tilling tool as a shearing area at first stroke,

Area of shearing = As = 2*(1.50572*10-4) m2 ----------------(from the solid-works CAD model)

Now we know that shear strength,

Fs/ As -------------------------------------

So Fs = 21.645 N

Fig. 8

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Fs = 21.645 N

Now resolve this shearing force in to horizontal and vertical components,

FsH = Fs cos (); FsV = Fs sin ();-----------------[ friction angle = 32o]

FsH = 18.35 N;

FsV = 11.45 N;

Now calculate the forces on the other points i.e. point A & point C .

FA = 28.018 kN;

FC = 50.38 kN;

Also calculate the moment at point C,

MC = 5.595 kN.m;

So this magnitude of moment will act at point C, point C is the point where the tilling tool and

other attachments are joined.

So MC = - 5.595 kN.m;

Must act at point C so as to counter balance the action of moment.

So as to sustain the safe design .

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B. For ridging tool :-

Fig. 9

During ridging the compressive strength of the soil comes into play

C = 49.749 kN/m2 .

This compressive force will act on the two rollers to form the ridges of the desired shape.

Area of compression = 0.25* (0.6+0.4)/2

Ac = 0.125 m2

Fig.10

So , C = Fc / Ac ;

Fc = C * Ac ;

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Fc = 6.22 kN ;

Our ridging tool stroke should have the dead weight such that it will be able to generate

the force greater than compressive force ………….(this dead weight calculations may be

little higher because we are considering the black soil at least moisture content)

Overall side view:-

fig 11

Outcome of the study:- Soil mechanics study is carried out. Some important properties of the soil are studied and the

references are made so as to proceed further with the calculations.

The design of the proposed plan is done. The dimensions of the tools are so designed so as to

meet the requirements of the given ridge formation.

The force analysis of the design is done. And moment and shear forces are equated so as to lay a

foundation for further analysis of the design with help of ansys software.

Innovation in our idea:- The combination of the mould board plow and chisel plow has a great importance to our design.

This combination is one many new ideas we came forward with in this project.

We also propose the lateral movement of the chisel plow secondary tillage assembly, which will

surely give a better tillage of the soil and will also reduce the use of multi tillage rows. This

lateral horizontal movement is to be given with the help of hydraulic set up.

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Future scope of study:-

The power transmission and power calculations are to be studied.

The analysis of the design with the help of any software.

The hydraulic systems which are used for bringing the tools at working height is to be designed.

References:-

[1] Geotechnical Engineering (Soil Mechanics), Prof. T.N.Ramamurthy and Prof. T.G.Sitharam ,Dept. of

civil engineering , IISC , Bangalore , CH- 3.

[2]Strength and FOS performance of the black cotton soil , Dr. K.V. Manoj Krishna et al. , Dept. of Civil

Engineering , Govt. S K S J T I, Banglore-560001 ,2012.

[3] Włodzimierz TALARCZYK, Łukasz ŁOWI_SKI, Mariusz PIKOSZ, Marek ŁUKASZEWSKI

„Journal of Research and Applications 92 in Agricultural Engineering” 2014, Vol. 59(2)

[4] ROW SPACING AND TILLAGE EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE

Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27: 2005

[5] Basic and applied SOIL MECHANICS, New Age International Publishers, Gopal Ranjan and A S R

Rao.