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4^ Cije Celebration fi^

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T (!^ne J^unbrebtf) ^nnibersarp ^f

^t^ of the birth of fi^

fs|f WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON^|^

4^ ^ 4^

^t^ By the Colored Citizens of Greater Boston under the auspices of the -^f$ff Suffrage League of Boston and Vicinity mAm

t|/f DECEMBER TENTH and ELEVENTH, MCMV fs|f

^1^ With abridged accounts of celebrations held by certain churches of Greater Boston ^f^A Sunday Evening, December Tenth, in response to appeal of A

'T- the Suffrage League "T"'

Tib 4^9$jf Reported by Miss Ethel Lewis, Cambridge a^i,

. Edited by the Secretary of the Suffrage League Centenary Committee

A BOSTON A

f§f. . .

r|'•^ The Garrison Centenary Committee of the Suffrage League of Boston and Vicinity \

tb V 1906 i:

tb ^"

^i

L-

LIBRARY of congress)

Two ComtJ4 Keceivec |

MAV 14 I9U6

/-I Couyrifftil tiur>

CtAHS Co AAC, No.

Copyright, 1906

Garrison Centenary Committee

Publishers,

^^".V0^.d

]!()ST()N, MASS.

PREFACE

The Suffrage League of Boston and vicinity, nndc-r uIkisc

auspices a two days citizens' celebration of the one lunidredlli an-niversary of tlie birth of Wilham Lloyd Garrison, the alxilition-

ist, was held in Boston, Dec. loth and nth, 1905. voted at ameeting held at 3 Tremont Row. Room 19, Dec. 22nd., 1905,to authorize the publication in book form of a record of this

citizens' celebration with an abridged account of those churchcelebrations held Dec. 10th. 1905, in Boston and vicinitv. in

response to the League's appeal to clerg\'men. In pursuanceof that vote the Garrison Centenary Committee of the Leaguehave published this book.

In its preparation and publication they have had the active

support of the Citizens' Committee of Arrangements of the cel-

ebration, and the assistance of those who took part in the i)ro-

gram, of invited guests, and of many other citizens. The Com-mittee are especially indebted to Miss Ethel G. Lewis, who volun-

teered ler services as stenographer and attended nearly all of

the se ons of the central celebration. Through her services, andthe kindness of speakers who furnished manuscript, the Com-mittee are able to present the main portion of every speech de-

livered, save one the author of which preferred its omission. Theyare indebted to Mr. Francis J. Garrison, also, for use of several

cuts.

The value of this volume consists, not in its literary form

—

for it is but a plain narrative of events—but rather in its accur-

ate historical record of a remarkable tribute to the memor>' of

one of the world's greatest moral heroes by the citizens of the

city where he worked, suffered and triumphed, a generation after

his' death. Its further value consists in the recorded utterances

of men and women of strong intellect and of earnest purpose,

some of whom knew Mr. Garrison as an intimate friend or rela-

tive, utterances which, taken together, constitute a notable con-

tribution to the literature oi agitation for human liberty and

equal rights.

That this book may increase veneration for the great anti-

slaverv agitator, lead men and women to emulate his example,

and help the anti-salvery cause of today, and of the future, is

the praver of its publishers.

Joshua A. Crav/ford, Chairman : Leigh \\\ Carter, Geo. KGrant, Charles H. Llall, N. B. Marshall. Emery T. Morns. CH. Plummer, A. H. Scales, Charles H. Scales, C. G. Steward,

Joseph Lee, Wm. Monroe Trotter, Garrison Centenary Com-

mittee of the Suffrage League of Boston and Vicmity.^ Wm. Monroe Trotter. Secretary.

Boston, January, 1906.

lAl'.l.l-: ol- CONTKNTS.

KXKRCISKS OK SlNHAV, DeCKMHER IOIH.

At ihe (lr;\ve .......At "Ruckledge" ......\l the .Statue

.\t the joy Street .Vfrican liaptist Church •

KxKRt:isKs tiK MoxoAV, Dkcemmkr I I in.

Faneuil I Tail :

Morn in;; .Session .......\fternoon Session .....Kvenin;^ Session ......

("itizeiis I MiiiiiiiU'c

7

17

31

36

49

65

.\uxiliary Churth Celehrations 60

The Two Bays Citizens' Cele-bration of the GarrisonCentenary in Boston

Massachusetts

Exercises of Sunday, Dec. 10, 1905

AT THE GRAVE, FOREST HILLS CEMETERY

The two-days celebration of theone-hundreth anniversary of the birthof William Lloyd Garrison, theabolitionist, by the citizens of Great-er Boston, under the auspices ofthe Suffrage League of Boston and vi-

cinity, was formally opened just be-fore one o'clock Sunday afternoon,Dec. 10, 1905, at the grave of thegreat anti-slavery agitator on Smilaxpath, Forest Hills cemetery in theForest Hills district of Boston, Mass.

Tlie city recognized the celebrationby flying the flags at full mast Sun-day and Monday from all public build-ings, and many school children heldGarrison ex'ercises in the class room.

It had been snowing all night andwas still snowing when the small bodyof admirers arrived at the goal oftheir pilrrimage, some in hacks andsome on foot, among them two womenand a little boy.

Benjamin H. Washington, son of theStoughton florist, who was to donatethe wreath for the statue, and grand-son of a former deacon of the SmithCourt church scraped the snow fromthe grave stone and William MonroeTrotter, son of the late Lieut. JamesM. Trotter of the 55th Mass. Regiment,removed the snow from the top of thegrave. When the small company had

drawn reverently near Mr. .1. A. Craw-ford, chairman of the Garrison Cen-tenary committee of the Bos-ton Suffrage League, in a fewwell chosen words, declared the"Citizens' Celebration, under theauspices of the Boston SuffrageLeague, opened, saying how much theColored people revered the name of

Garrison for his services in the causeof liberty and taking hope from theuniting of all elements of this people

to honor Garrison's memory.He then called upon Chairni?,n Dan-

iel H. Miner of the Citizen's WreathCommittee, who placed two wreathsupon the tablet, assisted by Mr. EmeryT. Morris, nephew of Robert .\rorris,

the great lawyer of the early times.

One wreath was donated by the

Boylston street florists. Houghton andClark, and the other by -Mr. J. H.

McKenzie, member of the wreath com-mittee. Then Rev. S. J. Comfort, pas-

tor of the Calvary Baptist church, of-

fered a fervent prayer in part as fol-

lows:

We bless Thee today for the nameof Garrison and for the great army of

good men and women whom Thoudidst raise up to defend the cause of

the oppressed. Thou hast especially

jjromised in Thy word to help those

who are crushed by the hand of op-

.. tm — )-mlie

GRAVE OF GARRISONSMiLAX PATH, FOREST HILLS CEMETERY, BOSTON

BIRTH OF WILI.IAM LLON'D (lAKKISOM

pression, and we acknowledge that weare the beneficiaries of this preciouspromise by the life of him whosename we revere and commemorate to-

day. For, when sin and avarice wereenthroned in the heart of the nation,

when the national conscience wasasleep, and when ministers of theprecious gospel of Jesus Christ apolo-gized and helped to tighten the awfulfetters upon the slave, it was thenthat Thou didst call from the ranks of

the people William Lloyd Garrison,who became our friend and our broth-er, and gave his life for the freedomof the slave. We thank Thee for theunselfish example of his life by whichhe suffered in the midst of poverty,and for the great heroism of his soulin that he would not be silent, but inspite of unjust laws and mob violencehe continued to deliver the message ofhis soul until this nation was shakenfrom center to circumference, and theshackles of human slavery were burstasunder. We w^orship Thy name todaythat Thou didst give such a man tothis nation, a man, who in the midstof persecution dared to stand aloneand proclaim the Fatherhood of God,and the Brotherhood of man. In thisland of the free, where the gospel ofThy dear son is preached every Sab-bath, we are still deprived of theequal benefits of the law. We arelynched and proscribed against, ourpathway is hedged in by caste pre-judice even now, the weak arewronged and oppressed by the strong.We know that Thou art a covenant-keeping God. Thou didst come downin answer to the cry of Thy peopleIsrael, to deliver them and in answerto the groans ascending from huts andcabins of slave plantations Thou didstraise up the anti-slavery society anddelivered four millions from that" cruelbondage. We beseech Thee that Thouwouldst sanctify the memories thatare revived today by a reaffirma-tion of those self-evident truths;that all men are created equal andendowed by their creator with certaininalienable rights, among which arelife, liberty, and the pursuit of happi-ness. We pray at this time for grace

that we may ever remember our debtof gratitude fo^r the noble nn'n andwomen, who lal)ored for the cause ofjustice and equality. Help us as citi-

zens of this great rei)ul)lic. and in ourdomestic affairs to live worthy of all

that they have done for us. \Vc prayfor the emanciijalion of this nationfrom the sin of unjust legislation, andthat from the ceremonies of lliis daythere may be a revival of the Garri-sonian fiery zeal, consecrated by thespirit of Thy dear Son, and that it

may continue to burn until the equalrights of a man shall be acknowledgedeverywhere."At the close of the prayer, while

heads were still bowed Mr. Morris be-gan short tributes, saying: "Here is

the grave of him who said "My Coun-try is the world. My Countrymen areall mankind." Mr. Philip B. Downingson of the late lamented Geo. T.Downing, spoke of his great love forthe dead hero and urged that Coloredpeople unite to agitate. Mrs. D. H.Miner told of how her grandmother,"Mam" Riley, sold copies of the Lib-erator to help Mr. Garrison, after hecame out of jail.

Mr. Crawford urged that a Commit-tee place a wreath on the grave everyyear. Mr. T. P. Taylor told of first

meeting Mr. Garrison in July. 1S.")7. of

the Colored men he found in his office

and of his love for the man. Mr.

TVotter told of his admiration for

Garrison and urged that all rededicate

themselves to agitate for equal rights.

Others present at the grave wereMrs. Ellen Rahn, her grandson MasterWilliam Davenport, Dr. J. R. Stroud,

Mr. Charles A. King, with reception

badges, his wife being secretary of

the reception committee; Mr. L. J.

Lynch, Mr. W. M. Lashly and Mr. J.

O. Boone.Then all Wended their way back to

the main thoroughfare and took cars

for the iStatue exercises.

The citizens' committee on Wreath

were Mr. D. H. Miner, chairman. Mrs.

Ellen Rahn. Mrs. Arianna C. Sparrow,

Mr. J. H. McKenzie, Mr. Joseph Lee.

ROCKLEDGE " HOMESTEAD OF GARRISON1 2B HIGHLAfMD STREE"' ROXBURY DISTRICT, BOSTON

Jit "Rockledge"

THE HOMESTEAD OF GARRISONNow St,. Monica's Home.

At 1 o'clock the second session of thecitizens' celebration began at St. Mon-ica's Home for Sick Colored Womenand Children at 125 Highland street,

Roxl)ury in the house which was thelast home of the great anti-slavery agitator.

This session was in charge of theSt. Monica's Aid Sewing circle, andthe St. Monica's Relief association,two organizations of Colored womenthat give financial aid to this hospitalwhich is conducted by the noble SisterCatherine of the Episcopalian Sistersof St. Margaret, and here again, de-spite the storm and long, high climbto "Rockledge," a goodly number of

women and several men were presentto show their devotion. One of thelatter was Mr. John D. Willard, whohad been a personal friend of Mr.Garrison and a subscriber to the Lib-erator. He was the organist in

Theodore Parker's church. The last

time he had visited the house waswhen Mr. Garrison was living.

The exercises, which were held in

the room named the "Garrison Ward,"a large, rectangular room, formerlyused as the parlor of the homestead,were presided over by an ardent ad-

mirer of Mr. Garrison, Rev. David K.

Wallace, assistant pastor of the Epis-copal Mission of St. Martin's on Lenoxstreet. He began by saying the com-pany were gathered together on thatmemorable occasion at the home of

the great hero, and should begin withprayer, commending themselves to Al-

mighty God. In his prayer he thankedthe Almighty that he had sent a sonto be a deliverer to the children of

African descent, and had permittedthem to witness the 100th anniversaryof the birth of the great emancipator.

Rev. Wallace then addressed thoseassembled. He said it was his lot

to be chairman as well as to pray.

Rev. Father Wallace said in part:—It is my lot to be chairman of this

meeting, and I assure you that it is

a very great honor. It does not oftencome to one of my years to occupyso honorable a position, when yourealize that only a year or so beforeGarrison's death I was an infant in

arms. And so I feel it a great privil-ege and a very pleasant one to be herein the very home of Garrison, in thisplace where he found a refuge fromthe great storm and stress of his life.

I think the friends of Garrison couldhave chosen no better place than thishaven. Here, perched upon the ledgesnamed fitly "Rockledge," he foundpeace from the great stress and strainand storms and wrecks of the anti-

slavery struggle. And from this higheminence we can imagine him look-ing out into the world, seeing thepeace that came to the many millionsof souls because of his untiring, hisunselfish labor. We know that Gar-rison was a man of peace, and we donot want to lose sight of that factsimply because the end of his laborsresulted in one of the greatest ofcivil wars. He was a man who be-

lieved that his cause, the cause whichhe espoused could be a peaceableone, and in the articles of the con-stitution of the anti-slavery societythere is special mention of the fact

that peaceable methods were to beused. It is not Garrison's fault that

there was the storm and the stress of

it all. It was not his fault that this

country was convulsed in a dreadcivil war. Not his fault in the least.

Had men hearkened to his wise wordsin the ])eginning, or if they had re-

pented later and hearkened even after

a time, this whole cause of the de-

livery of an oppressed people wouldhave been peaceably settled. We think

at this time of the great anti-slavcrv

liberators of Great Britain,— of Wil-

berforce, of Pitts, and Fox, and those

other great men. And we think fromtime to time of the peaceable settle-

ment of the slavery question in Eng-

land and its colonies, and we wish that

it could have been peaceably settled

ONK III Nl)kK1»riI AXXIVKKSARV

here. But, my friends, we must realize

that this country was nut England,and that the people of this countrycould not be influenced by argumentlike the people of England and thepeople in their parliament. So it

seemed that there had to be this

great conflict.

We think of William Lloyd Garri-

son in this his homestead, the havenwliere he found i)eace after the strife.

It is not given to men always to seethe consummation of their efforts,

but it WHS given to William LloydGarrison to see the results of his life-

long agitation. And finally after theresults were accomplished he was ableto come to this haven of rest andpeace. And now we gather here in

this haven, and think of that greatman. and wish and pray that he mayhave peace forever more, an everlast-ing peace.

Mrs. Wm. O. Goodell, secretary ofthe Relief association, then read veryentertainingly the salutatory of TheLiberator published Jan. 1. 1S31. afterwhich Mrs. Geraldine L. Trotter, ex-president of the Relief association, inthe absence of the president, Mrs.Georue Glover, was called upon.

Mrs. Trotter said in part:1 had wished for a pleasant day

today. I wanted the sun to shine andthe birds to sing or chirrup, as theydo In the winter, but I think as Godlooked Lack over the years of Garri-son. He thought such a day as thiswould better stand for his life. Weshould be willing to do for Garrisonthe things he did for us. How manytimes he trudged through the cold,bleak and snow, ;ind talked to a fewpeople, and took the criticism of themany for our good.And B«j to<lav I think he nnust be

lo(jkiiig down on us here as wo gatherto do him honor, pleased with our aj)-

I»reelatlon of his life. 1 renlly. whenI think it over, am glad tli.il the dayis not fine, liecaus*' It will show howmany <if us really apjireciate what hedid for UH. And what more fittingplaco could there be than this, in

which to gather to do his memory lu>n-<ir. Here, after {Jarrison had spent his\n'Ht venrH flghtlng for the freedom ofthe HhiveK, years other men wouldhave tiwd to aicumulate we.-ijih. whenho wiiM nn old man. and his friends whoapprcelatod what he had done hadc«j|lc«<-ted n large sum of money andpn'H«>ni*>d It to hlni. buying this place.

he came to live. This place stands forthe sacrifice he made and in its pres-ent capacity stands for the secrifice

made by others.It is now a haven for the sick,

cared for by people who have given upmuch to be here. Here his wife, whohad been his true helpmeet throughall his trials, lived an "invalid until

she passed on to the Higher Life." l

believe in this very room his daughterwas married. This home is a place ofsacred memories, a hallowed spot, andI say, what better place could we bein today, where better could we honorthis man's memory, or draw the les-

son of what we should do? And I

think that each one of us shouldpledge ourselves to make some sacri-

fice, to do something for the good of

others. Just as he sacrificed himselffor us, we should make some sacrlaceourselves in his honor. Today whatdo we honor about Garrison? Is it

the material things? No. It is themoral stand he took, the fight he madefor the down-trodden, the voice heraised for those who had no voice, thecourage that stood for the right,

though all the world were on the oth-

er side. This m.an who was mobbedin the streets of Boston by respectablepeople—men with silk hats and frockcoats, for us—how many of us are nowwilling to do for our own what thatman did for us? How many of us arewilling to stand out against thebroadcloth mob. to stand br what is

right in snite of the criticism of themany? That is the great lesson weColored people should learn, those ofus who have had the advantages of ed-ucation, who have seen life in its

broadest light, to be willing to sacri-

fice and to care as much for our raceas he did. in do for our down-troddenl)eople all in our power, for thosewho are not able to stand up for

themselves to stand up for them, to

nuike their cause our cause, theirsufferings our suffering, as Garrisonsaid "I made the slaves case from thestart and always my own. My wifeand children were they made for theauction block? Never:" Let usdo that, let us do as niucli as wecan for the oppressed, and may nowords of ours be words of con-demnation of our own. Let us act sotli;il wlu-n we meet (Jarrison in thegreat beyond he will know we api)re-clated the sacrifice he made for us.

In behalf of the Aid Sewing circle, a

HELEN ELIZA GARRISONNOBLE WIFE OF THE GREAT ANTI-SLAVERY AGITATOR

i6 ONK IllNDKKI) III \NN1\KRS.\R\'

pofin f(inu>()Sf(l by Mr. Ganisun him-

self, entitled "The Sonj: of the Aboli-

tionist," was read effectively by .Miss

Bessie Lee, daughter of Mrs. RobortLee. treasurer of the sewin;: circle.

Mrs. Arianna C- Snarrow then savebrief Dersonal reminiscences of Mr.

Garrison. She said she was perhapsthe only one present who had comewithin the radiancs of Mr. Garrison'spersonal influence. She was bro.i°ht

by her mother, who escaped from slav-

ery, to Boston, and was met by the la-

mented Lewis Hayden. and taken to

his house, which was a hot-bed of an-

ti-slavery activity. Her mother andshe were taken to the anti-slavery so-

ciety's rooms, and there Mr. Garrisonput his loving arms around her, andshe remembered the sensation to this

day, as one feels when singing the

hymns of being in the arms of .lesus.

Mrs. Sparrow's remarks were verybrief, she saying that all else shecould add was to hope for the auspi-cious ending of an event so auspi-

ciously begun, as she was too deeplystirred for speech.

Rev. Wallace then closed, sayingthe occasion had been touching, andwould not soon fade from memory. All

who felt so inclined were invited bythe ladies to leave a donation for thework, and then he pronounced thebenediction, after which most of thosepresent went out in the storm to takecars for the statue exercises.

The officers of the Sewing circle are:

Mrs. E. J. Benjamin, president; Mrs.

Frank Turpin, vice-president; Mrs.Campbell, 2d vice-i)resident; Mrs. Robt.

Lee, treasurer; Mrs. O. Armstead, sec-

retary; officers of Relief association,.

Mrs. George S. Glover, president; Mrs.Adelaide S. Terry, vice-president; Mrs.

W. O. Goodell, secretary; Miss MaudeTrotter, assistant secretary; Mrs.George F. Grant, treasurer; commit--tee on session, Mrs. E. .J. Benjamin,Mrs. Anthony Smith, Mrs. Lillian Car-

roll.

''^^i^m''^-

At the Statue

ON COMMONWEALTH AVENUE MALL

The third session of the citizens'celebration took place at 2.30 at thestatue of Garrison on Commonwealthavenue, and the interest and devotionshown by the school children and bythe old men was a most inspiring-

sight.

When the men and women who hadgone to the grave reached Copleysquare, they found several hundredSunday school children from the va-rious Colored churches in Boston andCambridge assembled in the corridorsof the Public Library, in charge ofMrs. Olivia Ward Bush. Conspicuousamong their teachers were Mr. PhilipJ. AUston and Mr. John W. Williams,superintendent at the Zion A. M. E.

church. There also were many citi-

zens present.

At 2.30 the company formed in line,

the procession being headed by theBoston brass band, Mr. Henry Dixon,leader, followed by the Robt. G. ShawVeteran association and a few mem-bers of the Peter Salem Garrison,Spanish War Veterans, and Robt. Bellpost, G. A. R. Behind these came C.G. Morgan, Rev. E. A. Horton, Capt.Charles L. Mitchell and Mr. J. N. But-ler, members of the Boston SuffrageLeague and Citizens' committees, thenthe Sunday school children, led byMrs. Bush and attended by theirteachers, and then the citizens, menand women. As the ckimes of theArlington Street church began to playthe tune of the "Battle Hymn of theRepublic," the procession started outof the Library and in the snow stormproceeded to Commonwealth avenue,the sidewalks having been cleared forthe occasion by the city employes. Asthe line turned into the boulevard it

was met with a blast of wind and sleetthat nearly took the children and wo-men off their feet. Tlie slush wasankle deep and the wind biting cold.

But, undaunted, the line moved acrossthe street into the mall and up to the

statue and encircled it. As theyreached the statue the children sangtwo verses of the "Battle Hymn of theRepublic," the band i)laying the tune,the chimes pealing it forth and Mr.Geo. Shari)er playing on the cornet.The children read the verses fromsouvenir cards, on one side of whichwas the cut of the statue and on theother a cut of Mr. Garrison.At the statue the procession met the

venerable John W. Hutchinson, thefamous singer in the anti-slavery days.The exercises were opened by C. G.

Morgan, Esq., as vico-president of theBoston Suffrage League. This exer-cise was, indeed, the most heroic ofthem all. Speaking in a voice of won-derful strength and richness, he said;

The day is very inclement, so weshall remain at the statue but a veryfew moments. I desire on behalf ofthe citizens of Boston to say that wehave come here today to pay honorto the greatest moral hero that Amer-ica ever produced. And we believethe greatst moral hero the world eversaw, but one, and that excei)tion thegreat Master of Men. William LloydGarrison was undoubtedly the centralfigure in that great struggle for humanliberty, for which the 19th century un-

doubtedly stands. We have come to-

day to place on this monument erect-

ed in his honor by citizens of this his-

toric city a very small indication of

the love and affection which we bearhim, and that indication is only a sym-bol of that chaplet which our hearts

will always wreathe and keep eter-

nally green.

It gives me great pleasure to intro-

duce to you here today as the friend

who will place it upon this memorialmonument one of the friends whowent to the front from Massachu-setts, one of the heroes of the big

contest, our esteemed friend, Capt.

Charles L. Mitchell.

Capt. Mitchell, assisted by Mr. Nath-

aniel Butler, who worked in the of-

GARBIS ON STATUE ON CCWMONWEALIH AVENUE MALL, BOSTON

BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOVI) CARRISON »9

fice of the "Liberator," placed thewreath on the statue. It was a grandsight to see these two venerable Col-

ored friends and former employes of

the great abolitionist hobble up to

the statue and place the wreath at its

base.

The wreath was donated by Mr.Benjamin F. Washington, the florist

of Stoughton, Mass. It was made upby his daughter, Miss Addie H. Wash-ington.The Rev. E. A. Horton, chaplain of

the state senate, then offered a won-derful prayer. He said: "AlmightyGod. thou hast given us this belovedland that we may have happy homesand artful pursuits, but we thankThee most of all that Thou hast given

us illustrious, ardent souls that

inspired the minds and thrilled thehearts of the freemen and freewomenof this Republic. And here today, withlove, with an esteem that can-

not be measured by words,we place this chaplet. This is

not the first time, gracious Guardianof the race, that these peoplehave had overcast skies and trou-

blous times around them, and this

is not the first time that theyhave come through victorious to

sing their psalms of thanksgiving.And Our Father, may these peo-ple, our brethren, as they celebratethese two days, the memory of this

great man, so teach all citizens thatforever and foremost in this land areliberty and justice and brotherhood,and may the exercises here brightly

close, as it were, and bring the sun-

shine of happiness and encouragementto every one of them and to everyone of us. Gracious God, we do notforget, though busy and prosperous in

the present hour, what Thou hastdone for us in the past, what has beendone for us by those who in that day

and generation were buffetted andscorned and were bo cruelly misunder-stood. Our Heavenly Father, hear ourprayer. Bless those children, thatthey may grow »ip into true manhoodand true womanhood. and all

nationalities, all faiths, and all pooi)l<'S

may live together beneath the Hagthat means equality before the law.

This prayer we ask for those gatheredhere and for the millions throughoutthe Republic who arc thinking of usat this hour. And this we ask as disci-

ples of the Christ and as children of

the Father. Amen."Then Mr. Hutchinson, standing in

that howling gale, took his position

on the pedestal of the statue of his

former friend and co-laborer and ex-

plained and sang in strong, melodious

tones the old-fashioned anti-slavery

songs, his long, white beard swayingin the wind.

At the close the line started for a

short distance and then broke ranks,

many going to the Smith Court syna-

gogue exercises. Mr. Mitchell and

Mr. Butler were taken there in a car-

riage.

Two carriages containing membersof the Garrison family, drove up to

the statue while the exercises were in

progress.

The officers and members of the

Boston Brass band, who rendered

such fine service, marching through

the storm to the statue are Mr. Henry

Dixon, leader; Mr. James F. Ander-

son, manager; Mr. T. Singleton, sec-

retary; Mr. J. J. Dixon, treasurer;

Mr C. Sullivan, librarian; Mr. Geo.

Jordan, president; Anderson. Sulli-

van, Mack. Cvawder, Leaney. Graves,

Wilder J. W. Johnson, Colbert. J.

Johnson, J. Moore. Gillespie. Connell

Rilev, Stewart. Fynes. Hodges. Sooti.

Jordan, Walker, Salter. Carter, Single-

ton, J. Dixon Lambert.

JOY STREET AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCH. SMITH COURT. BOSTONWHERE GARRISON BEGAN ORGANIZED OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY

Jit the "AnthSlavery Fortress"

OLD JOY STREET AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCHNow Synagogue Libavitz

The I'onrtli session of the Citi

zens' celebration began soon after 3

o'cloclv, time being conceded to

allow those who had faced the stormof sleet on the Commonwealth avenueboulevard, to reach the building, theSynagogue of the Congregation Liba-vitz, formerly the Joy street AfricanBaptist church in Smith court, a sa-

cred spot in the anti-slavery history

of Boston. The session was in chargeof the Boston Literary and HistoricalAssociation and the St. Mark Musicaland Literary Union, Boston's leadingliterary societies.

The auditorium of the old churchwhere Mr. Garrison founded the NewEngland Anti-Slavery society in 1832,

and where many stirring events in

those days took place, and the gal-

leries wei-e filled to overflowing. Everyavailable seat was taken and peopkstanding reached out in the corridors

In fact as many as it was deemed saft

for the building's strength were crowd-ed into it. There was some effort

necessary at first to make the men un-derstand that they should keep thei;

heads covered in accord with the cus-

tom of the Jews in their synagogues.Seated on the small altar platformwere: Mr. Francis J. Garrison, son

of the Abolitionist, and member of the

great publishing house of Houghton,Mifflin & Company, and Butler R. Wil-son, Esq.. president of the Boston Lit-

erary Association. On the first step

Miss Maude A. Trotter, president of

the tSt. Mark Union, was seated andbelow and in front of the altar sat

Misses Lillian Chapelle and Bessie V.

Trotter; secretaries of the St. Marksand of the Boston Literary respective-

ly and the speakers.

Very attractive souvenir programsof this session were distributed as werethe souvenir programs of the wholeCitizens' two days' ceremonies.The ushers at this session from

the Boston Literary and St. MarkUnion were Misses Bessie Lee, PearlScottron, Theresa and l.,ci]a Stiibbs.Maggie Walker and Kalhryn Wright.

In opening Mr. Wilson said in i)art:

The object of our meeting today is

to observe the looth anniversary ofthe birth of William Lloyd Garrison.Of the value of his work and labor for

liberty and humanity we are not yetperhaps able to speak with calm, dis-

l)assionate judgnuMit. Our love andaffection for him are still too warmand deep to allow us to make a full

comprehensive analysis. The sigh in

the soul and the throb in the heartare still ours. We cannot forget that

on our account no American was everso bitterly criticised and reviled. Forus he lived in the white light of a

cruel public criticism for a half cen-

tury. For us he went to jail. Hefaced mobs around him; senators andmembers of congress could be bought;])ress and puli)it could be throttled;

l)ublic opinion could be intimidated:

the conscience of a great people that

would flame at the theft of a dollar

could be lulled into indifference at

the theft of men and women. But

this man of simi)le manners, of plain

speech, of sweet temper, of modest,

retiring disposition, took a stand for

righteousness and justice, and though

the storms of opposition cavorted all

round about him, he stood there until

the storms had passed away and the

sunshine shone again. Fen- us staml

ing immovable, because for us h<

stood for the right.

I like best to think of Mr. Garri

son's simple manners, the simplicity

of his home life. It seems to me that

in all the matter that we have con-

cerning him there is this one great

tribute to be gathered, neither friend

nor foe ever attacked the sweet,

white, clean personal living that was

his always.

( ) NK H I• X I ) R 1-: DT n A X X I

\' K RSA RY

Then Miss Emily Hallowell, of the

well kiiDWii abolitionist family, and

Mrs. Mattie A. McAdoo sang two duets

mast charmingly, plantation jubilee

songs, "Nobody Knows de Trouble I

See." and "Is Massa Gwine to Sell

Me .""

After the singing Mr. Wil.-on in-

troduced Mr. Frank J. Garrison, son

of the Abolitionist, who he said had

only tome at the committee's most ur-

gent request.

Mr. Garrison .said in i)art:

When 1 was told that a meeting wasto be held in the Joy Street church,

and was urged to address it, I could

not refuse the request, for if there Is

u spot in all this wide country whereit is fitting that this day should be

commemorated, it is in this old churchin which my father began his organ-

ized opposition to slavery, and struck

the keynote for the multitude of anti-

slavery societies which sprang up over

the north as the consequence of the

one founded here on the Cth of Jan-

uary, 1832.

No man made self of less considera

tion and to none was incense-burning

more distasteful (than my father).

If he could speak today, therefore,

he would pray to be spared eulogy,

and especially if offered by men whoare iniiifferent or recreant to the prin-

ciples of the Declaration of Independ-ence and the Golden Rule, on whichhe based his warfare. For his advocacy of liberty and justice had noth-ing to do with the complexion, sexor nationality of those for whom hepleaded—these simply marked the vic-

tims f)f oppression. Human rightsare the same everywhere, and in de-

claring the world to De nis countryand ail mankind his countrymen, heclaimed the right tcj vindicate them.n-gardlc'Ks of geographical boundariesan<l human enactments.

Hut there can l)e no question as tothe sincerity of tlie tributes of grati-tude that win be |)ald to WilliamLl«»yd Garrison today by the racewhom he helped to liberate from bond-age, and it Is most appropriate thatnienibers o'' it should hold a scMviceIn this building, where the first so-ciety In America to demand the Im-mediate and unconditional abolition ofHiavery was formed. Mr. Garrison saidhlH father had no sentiment for build-'tigH. I'.ul If virtue and piety are.light bv lh<iHe old l.indmarks. then

surely the emancipated race in this

country may well regard this building

in which we are assembled as the Arkof their Covenant.

I do not recall anything in my fa-

ther's career that illustrates morestrikingly his sure instinct, his in-

domitable courage, his unwaveringconfidence in the power of truth overall obstacles, than the stand he tookthat stormy winter evening in the lit-

tle schoolroom downstairs.Towards the close of the year (1,S:!1)

he took steps for the formation of asociety to extend the agitation whichhe had begun single-handed, and, af-

ter three preliminary meetings, fifteen

persons gathered here in this buildingon the evening of January 6, 1832, to

complete the organization. When thepreamble of the Constitution came upfor discussion, my father found thatthree of his warmest supporters andclosest friends were unprepared to

subscribe their names to the demandfor immediate emancipation. Theybelieved in the doctrine. Two of them—the only two with pecuniary re-

sources—had helped tide the "Liber-ator" over the financial shoals of its

first year, and they were the onlymembers of the gathering who couldhave been said to have what is calledsocial standing in the community. "It

is a mistake," they pleaded, "in try-

ing to form a society and gain ad-

herents, to demand immediate eman-cipation, for it will repel many goodHien who would otherwise join us. Saygr?:dual emancipation, and many will

come to us." "Undoubtedly," repliedmy father, "but they will not be wortha straw. We must plant ourselveson the bed-rock of immediatism. If

human beings can be justly held in

bondage a sin.gle hour, they can beheld for days and weeks and years,and so on indefinitely, from genera-tion to generation. The question ofexi)e(liency has nothing to clo with thequestion of right, and it is not forthose who tyrannize to say when theymay safely break the chains of theirsubjects. As well may a thief deter-mine on what jiarticular day or monthhe shall leave off stealing, with safe-ty to his own interest. Come, let usproceed We have twelve, the apos-tolic number, to begin with, even if

you cannot join us." And so, undis-heartened by this withholding of hisWeightiest associates—Samuel E. Sewall. Ellis Gray Loring and David LeeChild—he went ahead, and twelve

BIRTH Ol" WILLIAM LLU\ 1) CJARKISOX 23

men, of whom not more than one ortwo could have put a hundred dol-

lars into the treasury without bank-rupting themselves, formed the NewEngland Anti-Slavery society. (Ap-plause.) Five of these were Mr. Gar-rison, his faithful partner, IsaacKnapp, Oliver Johnson, afterwardseditor of the Anti-Slavery Standard,Arnold Buffum, a Quaker hatter, andJoshua Coffin, who had been school-

master to the poet Whittier. The oth-

er seven names you will not recognize, but I will read them in comple-tion of this roll of honor: Robert B.

Hall, William J. Snelling, John E. Ful-

ler, Moses Thacher, Stillman B. New-comb, Benjamin C. Bacon, Henry K.Stockton."A fierce northeast storm, combin-

ing snow, rain and hail, was ragingthat night," wrote Oliver Johnson,"and the streets were full of slush."

They were very dark, too, for the city

of Boston in those days was very eco-

nomical of light on this side of Bea-con Hill. It almost seemed as if na-

ture were frowning upon the effort to

abolish slavery, but as the little com-pany that formed the new society

were stepping out into the storm anddarkness from the African school-

house, Mr. Garrison impressively re-

marked: "We have met tonight in

this obscure schoolhouse; our mem-bers are few and our influence limit-

ed; but, mark my prediction, FaneuilHall shall ere long echo with the prin-

ciples we have set forth. We shall

shake the nation by their mighty pow-er."

The roll of members which I hold

in my hand, and which increased in

numbers to seventy-two during the

next two years, contains the namesof many well-known Colored men of

that day. I know not how many of

them will be recognized by membersof this audience, but some of themwere household names in my boyhood,and I know in what warm esteem myfather held John T. Hilton, the bar-

ber in Howard street. Coffin Pitts, the

clothes dealer in Brattle street, JamesC. Barbadoes, Philip A. Bell, and JohnP. Pero, another barber. There wereat least five barbers on the roll, andundoubtedly they improved their ex-

ceptional opportunities for debate anddiscussion while shaving and trim-

ming their customers! Then there

was John E. Scarlett, a chimney-sweep, and one of the little band of

Colored men who constituted them-

selves a body-guard to my fallier. andsoiiu'tiines followed him on Ills l)elatedand lonely midnight walks ovt-r Bos-ton Neck to his Roxbury home, in tlie

fall and winter of ],s:n. to miard himagainst assault. There was Joel \V.Lewis, a blacksmith, Rolierts, a steve-dore, Hannibal Lewis, a shoemaker,and Solomon R. Alexander, a shoe-maker and carpenter in one. Otherbarbers were Thomas Cole, .John H.Cutler, and James Barr, and thert'were two waiters, Thomas Brown andThomas Dalton. And, finally, tliciewas Thomas Paul, the Negro appren-tice boy who was the "only visibleauxiliary" of my father when MayorOtis' police officers entered the atticprinting office of the "Liberator" ona detective hunt to oblige a southernsenator.Not many great or many mighty

were called to the work at the outset,but, as has so often been the case in

history, this far-reaching movementwas begun by obscure and humblemen. Behold what sprang from theseed planted here that winter night!Two years later the American Anti-Slavery society was formed in Phila-delphia, and less than four years after

that, in 1837, Ellis Gray Loriug couldwrite, "Our cause has advanced until

it numbers 800 societies. An anti

slavery society has been formed in theUnited States every day for the last

two years. There are 300 societies

in the single state of Ohio, one of

which numbers 4000 members."

I shall not detain you with any ac-

count of the white members of theNew England society, save to notethat one of them, Moses Kimball, lived

to present, nearly fifty years later, thel)ronze Emancipation group in Parksquare to the city of Boston.

The confidence and loyal sui)port ot

the Colored people in Boston and oth-

er northern cities, poor and humbleas they were, was a tower of strength

to my father, as he was a pillar of

light to them. He was not only the

first to make a common rally in the

slave's behalf under the banner ot

immediate ahd unconditional emanci-

pation. He was the first to address

on terms of equal brotherhood tlv?

class next above the slaves in public

contempt and legal disability—the

free blacks, and this was actually

made a reproach by one of the most

eminent Christian divines of the day!

In the second number of the "Libera-

^4 OXK. lirXDRKnTH ANXIVKRSARV

lor" he couiagfously urged the re-

peal of the hiws forbidding marriagebetweeu a white person and a Negro,Indian or nuilatto, and in the addressw liich he delivered to the Colored peo-pli- of Boston and other cities in

June. 18;;i, he said:

"I never rise to address a Coloredaudience without feeling ashamed ofii;y own color ; ashamed of being iden-

tified with a race of men w4io havedone you so much injustice, and whoyet retain so large a portion of yourbrethren in servile chains. To makeatonement, in part, for this conduct, 1

have solemnly dedicated my healthand strength, and life, to your service. I love to plan and to work for

>o'ir social, intellectual, political andspiritual advancement. INIy hapi)inessis augmented with yours: in your suf-

ferings I i)articipate.

"Henceforth I am ready on all days,on all convenient occasions, in all

suitable places, before any sect orparty, at whatever perils to my per-

son, character, or interest, to pleadthe ca\ise of my Colored countrymenin iiarticular, and of human rights in

general. For this purpose, there is noday too hol>, no place improper, nobody of men too inconsiderable to ad-dress. For this purpose I ask nochurch to grant mo authority to speak— I recpiire no ordination— I am notcarefid to consult Martin Luther, orJohn Calvin, or His Holiness thePope. It is a duty which, as a loverof .ii;stice. I am bound to execute; asa lover of my fellow-men, I ought notto shun; as a lover of Jesus Christ,

and of his equalizing, republican andIx-nevolent |)recepts, I rejoice to

infct."

Following this he gave them, with-out con<iescension and in a brotherlyKidrit, much excellent advice and sug-goKtion as to how they might imjjrovotheir own condition and i)romote theeducation of their children. I knownothing more touching than their ri'-

Bponse, or more truly prophetic, "Yourremarks," they wrote, "were full ofvirtue and consolation, perfect in ex-

planation, and furnished a rule to live

by and die by. We feel fully jjersuad-

ed that the day <'annoi be far distant

when you will be acknowledged li\

the very lips of those? who now do-

Mounco. revile ami jK-rseciite you astho vIleKl and basest of men, the >ip

rooter *»f all or<|er. the destroyer of" ir country'H peace, prosperity and

;>plneKH— to be its firm reliance, its

deliverer, the very pillar of its fu-

ture grandeur."He often said that the highest com-

I)liment ever i)aid him, the only onehe cai-ed to remember, was when SirThomas P'owell Buxton of Englandinvited a large company "to meet Mr.Garrison, the black advocate of eman-cipation from the United States."(Laughter). Never was there a moreastonished host when the guest pre-sented himself.

"Yes; God is mj' witness! " he saidto the freedmen of Chai-lestown, SouthCarolina, on that April day in 1865,when, as the guest of the UniteaStates Government, he visited the oldslave city and received the blessingsof^ the emancipated, "I have faith-

fully tried in the face of the fiercest

opposition and under the most de-

pressing circumstances, to make yourcause my cause, my wife and chil-

dren your wives and children, sub-jected to the same outrage and deg-redation. myself on the same auctionblock to be sold to the highest bid-

der."

History, as Colonel Higginson hasremarked, is apt to preserve but twoor three names in connection with anygreat movement, and, in the lengthen-ing persi)ective of time, it may be, ashe has suggested, that Garrison, Phil-

lips and John Brown will be the nameschiefly associated with the anti-slav-

ery movement in the United States.

But as my father was ever eager to

recognize the services of his fellow-

workers, and to transfer to them thelaurels bestowed u}«on himself, so to-

day he would insist on sharing withthem the honors paid to his memory,and would refuse to be singled outsave as their representative." Mr.Garrison quoted from his father to

show this to be true.

For myself, I can never think of

my father without seeing him sur-

rounded by that noble band of menand women who early rallied to hissupport, who stood by him throughgood and evil repute, and withoutwhose i)()tent aid he could never havemainlained his crusade. Mr. Garrisonthen enumerated and paid a tributeto many of them.He said he would not exaggerate the

perils and stifferings of the condemn-ed and unnopidar abolitionists, therewere benefits as well as hardships."When my father passed away, the

reactionary movement against the ex-

ercise of the elective franchise bv the

BlRrH Ol'" WILLIAM Ll,()\l) CARRISOX 25

southern freedmen had already set in,

and his last published utterance wasa protest against the proscriptionwhich had driven hundreds of themt'l-om Mississippi and Louisiana to Kan-sas. Since then the fraudulent tissueballots have been succeeded by no less

fraudulent enactments which havepractically disfranchised the Coloredpopulation of the south, and if hewere to return today he would find

rot only the fifteenth amendment to

the constitution nullified, but thethirteenth amendment, which abolish-

ed slavery, defied by the wretcheswho attempted a system of peonageHe would find Negroes excluded fromjuries, from all town, city and state

governing bodies, denied legal inter-

marriage with whites, restricted to

Negro galleries in the theatres andNegro cars on the trains, subjectedto excessive penalties for violationsof law, and in many ways still vic-

tims of that cruel and unrelentingrace prejudice which he assailed fromthe outset of his warfare seventy-five years ago. He would find womendenied their full political rights in all

but four states of the Union, and theChinese, whose claim to equal treat-

ment with all other immigrants to

our shores be vindicated with his lat-

est breath, still excluded as outcasts.

He would view with amazement thespectacle of the United States seizing

distant islands, slaughtering their peo-

l)le by tens of thousands, and es-

tablishing colonial government "with-

out the consent of the governed." Hewould be saddened by the mad in-

crease of naval armaments, and the

increasing disposition to interfere in.

and arbitrarily regulate, the affairs of

feebler countries. He would deplorethe lowering of civic ideals, the

growth of the commercial spirit, whichhave resulted in the widespread busi-

ness and political corruption now be-

ing uncovered in our country. Butwould be disheartened or hopless as

to the future? Assuredly not!

Whoever follows the record of his

life will find that throughout his longthirty years' warfare, his courage andhopefulness, his faith in Gk)d, his cer-

tainty of the triumph of right, werenever greater than v hen the outlookseemed darkest to others. So, to-

day, he would pronounce the progressmade by the Colored population of the

south since emancipation a marvel-lous record for forty years. He would

exult in (hose Ijeaccju lights at Hamp-ton, Tuskegee. Atlanla, Flsk. Calhounand elsewhere in the south, and inDie stcailily increasing number ofable and trained headers of the race,and would welcome with thaiiUfulheart those scholarly and enlightenedwhite men of southern birth who aremore and more finding voice andcourage to demand fair play andequal opportunity for all. Knowingthat, under our political system, theonly hope of correcting existingabuses, lies in the education, moraltraining and material progress of theignorant and degraded masses, on theone hand, and the changed hearts of

the white leaders of the sf)uth, onthe other, he would find infinite en-

couragement alike in such object les-

sons as that wonderful procession,marshalled by Booker Washington,which passed before the president at

Tuskegee the other day, and in thetriumph of freedom of speech and op-

inion won by the white faculty— all

native southerners—of Trinity college,

North Carolina, a few months ago.

I trust that the celebration of this

centennial anniversary will result notmerely in centering attention for j»

moment on the man who was theleader of the anti-slavery agitation,

but that they will turn many to a

careful study of one of the noblest,

as it was one of the most unselfish

and far-reaching, movements of anytime or land.

In conclusion, let me sav howgratefully the children and grandchil-

dren of William Lloyd Garrison appre-

ciate the honors that are bein:: paid

to his memory today. In their behalf

I wish to thank all who have labored

to make the occasion significant and a

fresh insniration to work for the

emancipation of the human race fromevery form of injustice and oppres-

sion.

Next came two more jubilee songs by

Mrs. McAdoo, "I'm Rolling Throughan Unfriendly World," and "I Done,

Done What You Told Me To Do."

Mr. Wilson, in introducing the next

speaker, narrated a thrilling experi-

ence of a mother and her little girl,

who were over two years in escaping

from slavery, finally being smuggled

to Boston on board ship, where they

were met by Lewis Hayden. This lit-

tle woman was the character Eliza in

26 ()\K lllNDRKDI'II AXNIVKRSARV

Umle Tom's Cabin. The little girl, hesaid, is now Mrs. Arianna Sparrow.She was applauded as she came for-

ward to speak. Her mother was thelate Mrs. Cooley.

Mrs. Sparrow said: My motherwas always asking me, "Dwa't youwant to go to Boston? don't you wantto be a nice lady? Don't you want to

be free?" I used to say "1 don't wantto go away from my playmates; I

want to stay with them." After a whileshe persuaded me to go, and I remem-ber she made an effort. One even-ing we started in and I think we musthave walked five miles to Norfolk, Va.,

where a captain was to meet about 20

people and bring them here. Afterthis long walk we were disappointed;the man who was to meet us was notthere, and we had to go back againinto the city. Well, two or three yearsafterward she started again. Shewould keep saying to me over and overagain, "you're going to be free, re-

member, you're going to be free." I

suppose she wanted to make me feel

satisfied with whatever inconvenienceshe put me to for the sake of my free-

dom. So finally, as Mr. Wilson says,

we came to Boston after a sail of aweek. Then Mr. Hayden met us at thedock. I always loved Mr. Hayden.He took me right up in his arms andnever let me out of them until welanded in his doorway. 1 think it wasa rule for every escaped slave to re-

port at the anti-slavery office. In timewe were taken down there and there I

saw a great many gentlemen busy.They crowded around us, as my moth-er told her story. There was one,however, who didn't seem to takemuch notice. I afterward learned thatthat was Mr. Garrison. Finally whenhis attention was called to us he heldout his hand to me and said, "Comehere, little girl." He put his armsaround nif and patted me on the head,and asked mo what I was going to donow I was in Boston. "Are you going to

school?" I spoke right up and said"Yes." Then he told me he hoped I

WMuld grow up to be a grand goodwoman. "Your mothcM'," he said, "hasdone an honoriibln thing for you." Af-terwards I used to follow up the anti-slavery meotings. My mother later

on became so sensitive that she couldnot go herself. She lost a very dearbrother and sister, they being soldaway through slavery, and she never

saw them again and we have neverheard of them since, and she nevergot over the shock of losing them. SoI used to go to the meetings and bringreports of the meetings home. Ofcourse I cannot say so very much ofwhat Mr. Garrison said, except that I

knew we had to sit a long time to lis-

ten when he got upon the platform totalk. I know it was always very sol-emn; there was never anything tolaugh at in his speeches. He used toimpress us with the direful wrong ofslavery, and I used to dread when hegot up. for I knew it was a long timewe had to sit there. I do not knowthat I ever missed going to the meet-ings. When I saw Mr. Garrison on thestreet I always used to bow to him. Ofcourse I don't think he rememberedme, but he used to bow to me andpass on. I was a member of the anti-slavery society.

I used to stay away from school toattend the meetings. I asked my moth-er for a dollar and I joined the socie-ty. I think that dollar did for all mylife as long as I was a member of thesociety. (Laughter.) I used to getaway from school to attend the meet-ings. Going to the teacher I w^ould askto be excused, and she would a.sk mewhat for, and I would say, "Why theanti-slavery society meets this af-ternoon." "Well," she would say,"what of that; what have you got todo with it?" "Why," I would say,"I've got to be there. I've got to gowith my mother.' I think I saw Mr.Garrison on the night of the Emanci-pation Proclamation. We were all in

Tremont Temple. He was a very sol-

emn person.

Miss Alia W. Foster, the daugh-ter of Abby Kelly and StephenFoster, was introduced as a schoolteacher in Boston and an inti

mate friend of Mr. Garrison andhis family. She said in opening thatshe came primarily to try to make theaudience realize that such a man asMr. Garrison really did live. She saidher tribute was that of his wonderfulprivate home life, as she as a childwas often in the Garrison home. Theylived in a house in Dix place, in a lit-

tle house, but yet it wtis the biggesthouse she ever saw, especially whenthere was a convention in town. Thechildren seemed to disappear when theanti-slavery conventions adjourned to

Mr. Garrison's house. She said the

BIRTH OK WliJ.lAM I,I,0\1) CARKISOX 27

Garrisons were poor like all the abo-litionists, and turning to Mr. Garrisonon the platform she said, "Weren'twe poor, Mr. Garrison." (Laughter.)She said she wo'idered how the familygot enough to eit, but Mrs. Garrisonwas a great provider, and could makeher market basket of fcod go a longways. Yet the spiritual hospitality of

the family was the chief attraction in

their home. The talk was all of theabolition movement, what this mobhad done, and that convention woulddo.

Mrs. Garrison was as great as Mr.Garrison, said the speaker, and with-out her, Mr. Garrison could never havedone what he did. She closed with atribute to the Abolitionist for his per-

sonal aid to her mother as a womanrights woman and for his work in that

cause for all women.

Mr. John J. Smith, a man 85 yearsof age, ascended the altar amid ap-plause and spoke briefly, saying:

Mr. Chairman—I cannot express myfeelings. This place here is sacred. It

is the only place in early life whereMr. Garrison could stand and thatthey could not break up the meetingsand he could speak to the people. Nomob ever entered into this place to

take him out or to stop him fromspeaking. I became acquainted withMr. Garrison in the latter part of 1840.

I desired to be introduced to Mr. Gar-rison. Coming from the south and be-ing a barber I had heard Mr. Garrisonspoken of in the barber shop, andabused, etc., and I wanted to see this

wonderful man that there was somuch talk about. Well, I had beenborn a freeman, and as Mrs. Sparrow-said, free people did not associate withslaves. They thought themselvesabove them. The white people had putthat barrier between them. Well, wewent over to the anti-slavery oIRce.

Mr. Garrison had in his hand a "stick"

with type in it, and he said to me,"Take a seat." About the third ques-tion asked me was, "Was I a slave?""No," I replied, pretty promptly, "butI have seen slavery in all its forms.'I went to work and commenced tellin-^

him of all the horrors of slavery that

I had seen. When I said, "Well, thereare some good slaveholders." "No,sir," he said, "there is not one goodone; not one of them." Then he be-

gan asking me questions. Would I

think a man was good if he sold my

father and mother and they wentone way and I went another; would 1

call him a good man? Of course I

had to say, no sir. I was convicted atthe start. I came out of that ofrice awiser man. I commpnced folhjwingthe Liberator. All Mr. Garrison's fol-lowers were true; they would stand byhim and would sacrifice their ownlives at any time for Mr. Garrison. I

will tell you what I think of Mr. Gar-rison, and I have been trying to findsome one that I can put alongside ofhim. I think Mr. Garrison was thegreatest man that this country everproduced. Why, show me the manthat ever accomplished as much asWilliam Lloyd Garrison did in fortyyears? I know of no one greater. Andhe built his foundation on that dec-laration "immediate and uncondition-al emancipation," and he stood on thatfoundation until the work was accom-plished. Moses comes nearest to him.Who else? None other. Mr. Garri-son lived to see the whole countryfree. He did a great work for the Ne-gro of this country when he washedthat foul stain from the good name of

Christian America, American slavery,

when he wiped that out, I say, he dida great work for this nation and for

this people. I tell you, my friends. I

feel proud to think that I am living

today to hear from the son of the

nioblest man that this country hasever produced, to hear from him of the

work of a noble ancestor.

At the close of Mr. Smith's eloquent

tribute, which evoked much applause,

Mr. Garrison pointed to the banner in

the rear and said the motto thereon.

"Our trust for victory is solely in

God. We may be defeated but our

principles never," was incorrect in that

the word personally was left out be-

fore the word defeated. The banner

was one that used to hang in the anti-

slavery fairs and festivals, and the

words were from the declaration ot

sentiment written by Mr. Garrison andsigned at Philadelphia in the formation

of the American Anti-Slavery Associa-

tion, December, 1833.

He also spoke of the bust of his

father, which Mr. Thomas P. Taylor

had kindly loaned, saying it was fromthe last portrait made of his father

and his children think it the verv best

ever mode of him. It was made by

Miss Anne Whitney, and gave his

father great pleasure that a woman did

the work.

28 ONK IllNDRKDrii AN M \' KRSA KV

After two more jubilee songs by llie

same two singers, "\'m Gwiue to

Sing." and "My Way's Cloudy," Mrs.C. G. Morgan was introduced.

Mrs. Morgan read a beau-

titul tribute to Mr. Garrison's wife,

aftfr eulogizing Mr. Garrison as one

of sufh largeness of soul that it makesone feel the story of his life is in-

complete without the mention of that

gentle spirit \vhose soul also cast in

an heruir mould was conspici ous

among the noble women of her day in

the great cause for which her husbandlabored so assicluously."

She said further in part:

This occasion is especially to honorthe Titanic leader of that movementwho was forced to say of himself:

"It is my lot to be branded throughthis country as an asitator, a fanatic,

an incendiary and a madman. Thereis one ejjithet, I fervently thank Godthat has never been applied to me, I

have never been stigmatized as a

slaveholder, or as an apologist of

slavery."We do not hesitate to say that the

bigotry of William Lloyd Garrisonlay in his righteous pertinacity of

aim and puri)Ose, his fanaticism in

holding the abhorrent sin of slaverybefore the public eye in season andout of season—his madness in thesteadfast resolution to stand—if hestood alone—against the sin of theslave system, and if agitator he mustbe called it was because he cried

out for the only peace that could en-

dure, anrl the only ouiet that couldbe permanent— thai built ui)<)n the

recognition of the brotherhood of man,as an incenrliary he burnt only the<lross, and his infidelity was a devoutconstancy to truth.

And it is a cheering sight to seethis strong man at the world'sconvention in lS4ti absolutely refuseto lake his .seat on the floor of theconvention or lend his voice in theproci edings because his co-delegates,th<' wonn-n. wc'n- n-fused admission.

Ue''.M> Kllza Benson, the wife, wasb(jrn In Providence, lived in youth in

Hro«d<lyn. Conn., and had n<d)le pai-entH, her f ither being an abolutionistShe was »«iniely, thoughtful, courtiou-.

and kind, and Garrison fell in lovewith h«T at first sight. The mar-riage of these two, ever faith-

ful and loyal to each otlier. wasconsummated In the fall of is:!4. In

I hi- midst of a period when the Liber-

ator, through its forceful messages oftruth and freedom, was already reap-ing a harvest of abuse, threatenedviolence, and even assassination fromthe South, and both derision andobloquy from the well^d'ressed butill-bred in the North. I^eaving ahome of safety and coming to onewherein she and her husband dweltalmost constantly in the shadow ofmartyrdom had no fears for this

noble young w^jnian. Such dauntlesscourage and such fidelity to the rightsurely gave a new impetus to the self-

sacrificing task of William Lloj'd

Garrison.It may be that Ruskin is quite right

in saying "that the buckling on ofthe knight's armor by his lady's handwas not a mere caprice of romanticfashion, but rather the type of eternaltruth, and that the soul's armor is

never well set-to unless a woman'shand has braced it." Never was wo-man better adapted for bracing se-

curely the armor of a knight thanHelen Eliza Garrison, to whom thefollowing tribute was paid by WendellPhillips, "Her own life and her hus-band's moved hand in hand in suchloving accord and seemed so exactlyone, that it was hard to divide theirwork. '

How significant and yet how pa-

thetic when the triumph came Mrs.Garrison's bodily activity was over,

for she became an invalid and remain-ed so until the end of that useful andstrikingly beautiful life.

At the close of Mrs. ]\Iorgan's ad-dress, a collection was taken for thesuffering Jews in Russia, out of ap-preciation for the use of the synagogueand amounted to over $36.

Perhaps the climax of the meetingfor pathos and vivid portrayal, camein the last address, that of the vener-able Colored woman. Miss Eliza Gard-ner, who had gone to school in the

vestry of that very church edifice,

All eyes were moist as she closed,

breaking down imder her emotion..Miss Gardner said in part:

I feel too deeply moved by the events

that occurred forty years ago to speakas my heart would dictate. I feel so

keenly the many things that havebeen said about Mr. Garrison and his

friends and the times in which theylived and moved. From my earliest

ihildlKKjd 1 remember that 1 had a

niollier who was interested in the an-

ti-slaverv movement, and I can re-

BIR'I'H Ol' WILLIAM LLON'l) CAKKISON 29

member that when my father got ahome for wife and children that in

that liome there was a room for thepanting fugitive who would come tap-ping at the door, sometimes in themidnight hour, seeking a refuge. Andso from a very young child I com-menced attending the anti-slaverymeetings. My mind goe3 back to Tre-mont Temple and the meetings there.

I can hardly realize and these youngpeople can hardly realize that in Bos-ton, when Mr. Garrison would attemptto speak, he would not be allowed to.

From the galleries the mob wouldshout and sing, and we always sat onthe lower floor, and we had to dodgethe cushions and things that wouldbe hurled from the galleries. Theywould hoot and shout, trying to singJohn Brown's Body is Marching On,while the mob would yell, and thecushions coming down, while we hadto duck our heads to keep them fromcoming upon us. At the TremontTemple one morning I remember par-ticularly, they said for the safety of

the building the meeting must ad-joirn, and the pastor of this church,Rev. Sella Martin, stepped to the frontand said, "This meeting will not close

but will adjourn to meet in my churchthe Joy Street Baptist church tonightThat meeting adjourned and we methere. I do not know that I was asbrave as my own dear mother, butso terrible were the scenes at that

time that I was afraid to stay in thehouse, but I was equally afraid to goout of the door (Laughter.) I remem-ber sitting up in that gallery andhearing the hooting mob on the out-

side, a mob that stretched from this

court to Cambridge street, waiting for

Wendell Phillips, and determined that

somebody would be sacrificed that

night. He csnie up the aisle leaningon the arm of Francis Ch-apman, andwith him, I am thankfi^l so say, wereseven or eight black men, ready to door die. (Applause.) John Brown, Jr..

was there, too, and standing on the

platform, he took out knives, pis-

tols, and anything that would defendand told the conaregation what to do.

We had a glorious meeting. Thespeaking was almost divine. I keptlistening, and I said to my mother,"We are having a good time in here,

but hear the mob outside." The meet-ing was dismissed, and they got the

women and children out through arear way that the mob did not know

about. There was one man, Joiiii MuLligan, who kept a sailor's boardinj?house, who had slain his man andserved his time in defense of hisrights. When he and his men wentout, the mob said. "Here comes .Mulli-

gan," and they parted and let him pothrough.As we came out tiirough that rear

way onto Irving street and Russellstreet, the crowd seemed to realizethat we were escaping them, and theysurged down through Cambridgestreet. My mother and I went downAnderson' street. The Phillips school-house was just being built, and thestones and bricks were piled up there,

and they did good service that night.And there was bloodshed that nigh!,

for I saw a man with the bloodstreaming from his face where he hadbeen cut on the forehead. As wereached the house of Mr. John J. Smithhe opened his doors and he allowed mymother and myself to come in, and weremained there until it was safe for

us to pass out.

These scenes are fre?h with me to-

day. I can scarcely realize that theyhave passed away, perhaps forever.

And sometimes when I read of the

horrible outrages perpetrated upon myrace in the southland now, I wonderif they are over. (Here Miss Gardnersobbed and buried her face in her

hands, while many others wept.)

And I can almost invoke Mr. Garri-

son's presence from the spirit-land to

again fight the battle.

The members of the Garrison fam-ily at the Synagogue were: Mr. Wm.Lloyd Garrison, Mrs. Fanny Garrison

Viliard, Mr. and Mrs. Francis J. Gar-rison, Mrs. George T. Garrison, Mr.

and Mrs. Charles Garrison, Mr. andMrs. W.L.Garrison. Jr.. Miss ^largaret

Garrison, Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Gar-

rison, Mr. Rhodes .Vnthony Garrison,

Mr. Harold Garrison Viliard, :Mr. Os-

wald Garrison Viliard, Master Wen-dell H. Garrison, Master Robert H.

Garrison.Four descendants of Arnold Buffum

were there also, namely his grand-

daughter, Mrs. Mary Chace Tolman of

^^'est Newton, her two sons, Richard

and Edward Tolman, and ^Ir. Arthur

Wyman of Valley Falls, R. I., another

great-grandson. These four and the

members of the Garrison family were

the only descendants of the twelve

founders of the first anti-slavery so-

ciety who were present.

FANE 'IL HALL- BOSTONAMERICA'S "cradle OF LIBERTY"

Exercises of Monday, December //,

1905. In FaneuU Hall

MORNING SESSION 10.30 o'clock

The fifth session of the citizens'

celebration took place Monday morn-ing at Faneuil Hall, and was in chargeof the Women's clubs and the Vet-

eran's Associations. The sessionwas opened with prayer by Rev,D. R. Wallace. Then Adjutant Wal-ter J. Stevens of the Peter Salem Gar-rison Spanish W^ar Veterans, chairmanof the joint committee in charge of thesession made the introductory re-

marks. He said it seemed particularly

fitting to meet in Faneuil hall. Thosewho heard the speakers on SundayprBiise Mr. Garrison must have beenfilled with conflicting emotions. He saidthat as he sat in the Smith court syna-gogue he almost felt he could hear thehowling of that mob, but today in Fan-euil hall he felt in a freer atmosphere.He was unable, he said to voice theobligation owed to Mr. Garrison. Thenhe introduced Miss Eliza Gardner to

preside.

Miss Gardner said Gaj-rison was oneof the greatest men who ever lived.

She mentioned men and women whoaided Garrison in his work, and saidMrs. Julia Ward Howe's "Battle Hymnof the Republic" meant more to theNegro race than even the "iStar

Spangled Banner." She said the Col-ored folk themselves were among thewilling helpers of Garrison, remarkingthat many knew well how Mrs. Scar-let's little tailor shop in Spring Lanewas a place where aid could alwaysbe found when there was a fugitive to

be cared for. Mrs. Mary Buchanan,whose family were among the earlyhelpers of Garrison, and who herselfwas associated in that work, reviewedfacts in the life of the great liberator.

After this, the entire audience stoodwhile Miss Georgietta Woodest sang•'The Star Spangled Banner." Mrs.Wm. H. Hamilton was the piano ac-companist.

Miss Gardner then introduced the

Chaplain of the State Senate, Rev. E.

A. Horton, who said there was nothingmore touching than to have one speakin an assemblage like this of the past,

and show by the thrill of the voice

and the moistened cheek that thai

space of time is all wiped out and the

one she loved as a leader seems to be

by her side. That makes things real,

takes Garrison off the printed pageand out of the frame and gives himlo us as a man who lived and had his

friends and knew the delights of life.

He naid in coming down Com-monwealth avenue to the meetinghe had noticed that the wreathplaced on the Garrison statue hadbeen removed. A neighbor told himthat a workman had taken it away.

I didn't go out there in the slush andwet yesterday to have the wreath weplaced there taken away in a few

hours by a workman. That wreath

ought to go back there, and it ought to

stay through the da>-. Cries of

"Shamel shame" came from different

parts of the hall, but the speaker said

he did not mean to start any sensation,

but merely to st^ate a fact: and there-

after he spoke of the significance of

numerous incidents in Garrison's life.

"I wish to say to my brethren of the

people who have so enthusiastically

remembered this anniversary, one of

your number said to me yesterday as

we were malrching from the Boston

OM'. Hr MtKl'DTII .\NNI\KKSAKV

Public library to the statue on Com-monwealth avenue. "Well. thankHeaven, there is one man at least un-

der whom we all drill and train andprosress. By the memory of Garri-

son all factions are united among the

Colored people, and it betoken^strength for \our cause.

"I hope the time is nigh at handwhen the principles expressed byBooker T. Washington and Prof. Du-bois will come together and coalesce

and make one."

What a fearful price was paid that

slavery misht be cut down and the

I'nion preserved. But it was the Al-

mighty's penalty inflicted for the

wrong done by the American i)eople.

Now I want you of the Colored race

to take this great fact for encourage-ment to you and to me and to all.

Why are you crowning Garrison todaywith such laurels of heartfelt praise?Because he was eloquent? ColonelHigginson, noble name of a nobleman, Higginson who led the Coloredtrooi»s at Wagner, says, "I never list-

ened to Garrison when I thought hewas interesting." He claims that

Garrison never had oratorical i)owers.

Garrison conquered by a sceptre that

is grander than many worded elo-

quence or the logical sequence of ad-

dress. He conquered by the ignited

glowing I'ower of moral conviction.

While Rev. Horton was speaking,.Mrs. Julia Ward Howe came in. Th'i

auflience stood up and applauded vig-

(irously until she had taken her seat

upon the platform.

At the dose of Chaplain Horton'sremarks Prin(-ii)al Alonzo Meserve ('I

the Bowd^in Grammar school was in-

troduced. He spoke of his personalr«'CoIl< < I inns of naiiisoii. Hi' said in

part

.M> . • ill.!, n.^ \v III l» iiiaini V o!' a

reminiscent cliaiacter, a man's recol-

lections of his ycjulliful observationsof the last decade of the anti-slaveryagitation. The Garrisoni.ms were menand women terribly in earnest. Theydid not use soft words to expresstheir horror of slavery, and they weri'

not much disturlx'd at tlie not alwayschoice epithets hurled at (hem in re-

turn. One of tlu'ir common expres-hIouh was, "We must feel for those in

l)ondK as bound with them." Theyw«Te moral force incarnate, the logi-

cal and lineal descendants of the Eng-iJKh yeomanry who, under Cromwell,

threw down the gauntlet to the Stuartcavaliers. I well remember Mr. Gar-rison. He had the head of a philoso-pher, bald, a kindly face; he woresi)ectacles, his rather slow movementof speech, devoid of gestures, some-what cold as a speaker, but alwaysthe center of intei'est, admiration andlove to the poor, plain, moral i)eople

who mainly made up his following. I

heard him say one Sunday evening in

answer to a preceding speaker thata man ought not to tell a lie to savehis life. "Let .iustice be done,tnough the heavens fall," vv^as anoth-er expression often falling from thelips of his followers. The last timeI saw Mr. Garrison he was slowlywalking up Cornhill, wearing a verylong coat and a soft gray hat. Hiswhole bearing was that of a scholarlygentleman, a benevolent, dignified

man.Near the scene where Geo. Thomp-

son was mobbed at Abington, ascene which made an abolitionist of

my father, is the beautiful IslandGrove. For a score of years on theanniversary of British West Indiesemancipation immense gatheringscame to celebrate the event. Thesemeetin.gs were under the direction ofthe Mass. Anti-Slavery society. I haveseen and heard there Mr. Garrison.Wendell Phillips, Senator CharlesSumner. Gov. John A. Andrew, Vice-President Henry Wilson, Geo. Thomp-son, Dr. Lyman Beecher, Parker Pills-

bury, Rev. Samuel J. May and his

lather, Henry C. Wright, Charles L.

Remond, Wm. Wells Brown, AbbyKelley Foster, the Grimkie sisters,

Stei)hen S. Foster and many otherleading abolitionists.

In closing, I will add that on the

2Sth anniversary of the mobbing of

Geo. Thompson ten thousand peoplegathered to give him a hearty wel-

come in the Island Grove, a half mile

frt)m the snot where he w'as mobbed.The utmost respect was paid him andhe delivei-ed one of his masterly ora-

tions.

I am ready to say that the black

lace is just as potential a people as

any other race on this globe. I donot say that to evoke your ai)i)lause;

I .say it because I feel it down deep in

my heart, and it is furthermoredrubbed into my head because I havebeen brought in contact with yourchildren, and it has been my i)rivilege

to be a humble leader in trying to

nuike them see more ol ilie good

BIRTH OF WILLIAM IJ.ON I) CARKISON 33

tilings in this world than their fath-

ers saw. In 1S97 there was a class of

about 50 graduated from my school.

The number one scholar was a Col-

ored girl, the number two scholar wasa Colored girl, the number threescholar was a Jewish girl, and thenthe Plymouth Rock Yankee.s and theIrish Americans and the Germanscame along, glad to be in the proces-sion under that leadershiy. So I sayto you, just try and meet every oppor-tunity you can get in the way of edu-cation, especially because in this

country education is the poor man'slever by which he raises himself to

the highest positions of honor and

trust.

He also exhibited a copy of The Lib-erator. Garrison's paper, of date Nov.25, 1859. which aroused much applause.

While Mr. Meserve was speaking thepupils of his ninth grade, with a flag

at their head entered the hall, escortedby Mrs. Addie H. Jewell and marcheddown the side aisle and took seats,

amid great applause.

Mrs. Julia W. Howe wajS introduced

and was greeted with applause andwaving of handkerchiefs. She said in

part:

Miss President and dear friends:—I am here with a word only, of grati-

tude to one of the benefajctors of thehuman race. The colored people of

the south were considered of small ac-

count in the days when Mr. Garrisontook up their cause. Their ancestorshad in the first instance been stolenfrom their own country, had been sold

like merchandise and driven like cat-

tle. North and south submitted to this

state of things, although there weresome who wished very much thatthings had turned out otherwise butdid not see how the matter was to behelped. Then rose up William LloydGarrison in the strength of his plain,

simple manhood to protest a^gainst

the outrage of such treatment of hu-man beings made in God's image for

all the good things of life. How brave-ly he stood against the censure of so-

ciety, against the threats and violenceof the mob.Your race is coming now to

have noble representatives. Hamptonand Tuskegee speak out. Paul Dunbarand Prof. Dubois (applause) representyou creditably in the literary world.Harvard college honors your athletes

and applauds your writers. The word

has gone forth for you. Go up higher;go up higher, and the divine order ofthings is on your side."

After Mrs. Howe finished the schoolchildren sang the "Hattle Hymn of theRepublic," the verses being sung as asolo by Marie Scott and the restjoining in the chorus. In the chorusafter the last verse all joined, led byMrs. Howe, who indicated the rhythmby the waving of her hand.The pupils, all the school girls, sang

"Speed Our Repuljiic," the piano ac-companiment Ijeing played by Mrs.Wm. H. Hamilton. Then the entireaudience sang "America," led by theschool children.

This ended the first half of the ses-sion and Miss Gardner yielded thegavel to Adjt. Isaac S. Mullen of theRobert A. Bell Post 134, G. A. R.

Mr. .Mullen quoted the poet Whit-tier's praise of the purity of Mr. Gar-rison's life. He spoke of his ownschool-days in the basement of theSmith court church. He said thememory of Garrison lived, "not alonein the written history of the conflictto which he was devoted, but in thehearts of those millions who werebenefited by his adherence to theircause. He said the riots at the Northwere led by the men who profited bythe African slave trade, and that free-

dom in America then applied only to

white people, despite the heroism ofthe Colored men on sea with Perry,and on land with Andrew Jackson,but Garrison arose and by his agita-

tion brought universal freedom,though bitterly assailed for his views.In closing he hoped that the founda-tion upon which Garrison built his

superstructure, and the benefits de-

rived therefrom, might always bekept in the memory of rising genera-tions, and the generations yet to

come, and that the efforts now so

grandly made for the observance of

this loOth anniversary would not

gradually "crumble into dust, and like

the baseless fabric of a vision leave

scarce a memory behind," but that it

would continue as an incentive to all

peoples and nations of the earth.

Mr. Mullen then introduced ABrs.

Agnes Adams, who said in part:

It has been just 41 years since anemancipated people stood upon the

threshhold of a new era. facing an un-

known and uncertain future, home-

34 ONK nrXDRl'DTH ANMVKRSARV

less, penniless and nameless. ThenIt was that xhu women of the racesaid: "I will mother this people

in everv avenue of life." Althoughtwo hundred and fifty years of bond-age had outraged every feeling of

wife and motherhood, had steeped

their lives for generations in immor-ality, yet she said, "I will do my l)est."

I will work in the field all day beside

my husband and will work all night

that tile boy and girl may sjo to

school, that the husband may succeed

in business, that our little home maybe paid for. The great army of law-

yers, teachers, and doctors, and thethousands of homes owned by ourpeople go to i)rove how well she haskept her bond—of the many strugglesof the mother to protect her homeand her children while the husbandwas awav; of the struggle to keen upand of the anguish of the parentswhen they returned home to find a

little idle of smoulderins: ashes all

that was left of what was their home.Now we turn to a new era, when anew picture presents itself. Co-oper-

ation was now their watchword. Andso they formeil themselves into clubs.

The women of my race said if it is

necessary for a race that has had twothousand years the start of us to es-

tablish such things, how much morenecessary that we shoald do so. Ourfirst coming together was held in Bos-

ton in B<>rkeley Tenude eleven yearsago. under the Kra club. Thev cameto that convention from the Pacific

slope, from the Atlantic and the gulf

stales. They sat in that conventionthree days asking the question, Whatmust we do? They went forth fromthat convention organizing clubs

throughout the coimtry until wo nownunibi-r over one hundred. We havenot always done our best. One of ourgrtat struggles has been how to keei>

our liusl)ands and children from beingInfidels. We have not alwaysdone our I)e8t, but we do hO!)e to dobelter in the coming years. We aretrying to leach our children the im-portanc- of b-adin-i the sininle life.

We :•:•<• trying to teach them the val-

ue of honest labor.

And we have w'th r.s the greatcharacters of the mother and thewife of (Jarrlson. wlio was wiili him in

every Htruggle.

Miss Denhy sang "The Lcrd is MyI.ljrtjt" moKt beautifully and as an(niori' '0. Dry Those Tear.-;."

Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, introducedas Mrs. Judge Terrell of Washington,D. C. said in part: The honorwhich you confer upon me seems great-

er than I can bear. The facts associatedwith Faneuil hall are sacred to me. It

never occurred to me I should be ableto stand on the platform of Faneuilhall, where Wm. Lloyd Garrison, Wen-dell Phillips and those other cham-pions of liberty stood, where theyroused this nation to the awfulnessof the crime of slavery. In spite of all

the hardships to which we are sub-jected I believe things will be better

tomorrow, but the love of liberty,

which prompted the Pilgrim Fathers to

for.sake home and friends, I believe is

being submitted to the children's chil-

dren forever.

I cannot help feeling that if Wil-

liam Lloyd Garrison and WendellPhillips and those other men couldcome here today they would be dread-

fully pained and shocked to find whata revolution on the race Question hastaken place in the short time of forty

years. But, my friends, though op-

pression and injustice stalk about the

land. I sometimes think that retribu-

tion may be coming on apace with a

strong, avenging hand.

Mr. Mullen then read the cautioncontained in the souvenir program,saying we did not have to do that now.

He then introduced Mr. James H.Wolfe, Commander of the Massachu-setts Dei)artnient of the G. A. R.

.Mr. Wolfe said in part:

'"1 knew Mr. Garrison personallyand am prwid of the fact. Let usdraw what lesson we can from hi3

great and good life and let us see if

we have any of the qualities that com-pose his splendid character. Let U3see if be not true that a race lifted

from slavery by the work of Garri-

son is not forgiLg ahead at a speedworthy of him. It is an importantfact that the conditions are so chang-ed that the southern attack upon theblacks is never single-haudod but al-

ways strong in numbers. Garrisonrave us a flag and a country and It

behooves us to remember that that

Hag was fought for and won by Neg-rof's. Never in our country's history

has a Colored man been a traito •.

Race prejudice is rampant in certain

parts of our country and sooner or

later we niust conic to our defence.

BIRTH OF WILLIAM LL()^'I) CARRISOX 35

We are men and can suffer for whatare our rights and from somewherethere will come to us a leader. I

would rather have the ballot than abank account, for what good cannion(>y do me when I can not have ahand in the passing of my country'slaws. Money is powerful but the ex-ercise of franchise is far more power-ful. 1 am hopeful over the revival of

oratory among us and I believe thatthe race problem is simply a questionof fair play for our boys and girls.

We ask for opportunity in proportionto our merit. I am glad to pay tribute

to the great Wm. Lloyd Garrison,whose work cannot be depreciated andmy earnest hope is that we may ef-

fectually finish the fight he so success-fully made for us."

Motion was then ma/3e by Mr. J. A.Crawford that a committee of five beappointed from this meeting to go witha committee from the Boston SuffrageLeague to go to the office of the Mayorto have the wreath replaced on the

Garrison statue. Adjt. W. J. Stevens,

Mr. John J. Smith, C. G. Morgan, Esq.,

W. M. Trotter, J. A. Crawford, T. P.

Taylor, Milton Walker and Rev. Wm.H. Scott were appointed.

Chairman Mullen read verses frompage 10 of the Souvenir Program and

then announced u solo bv .Miss RosaM. Cuffee.

This session closed with benedictionby Rev. F. G. Snelsoii, pastor of theSt. Paul Baptist church, Caniljrldge.

Faneuil hall was beautifully dec-orated with flags and l)untinii by theNew England Decorating company.ITi)on a platform in front of tlu' deskwas a large life-size crayon portraitof Mr. Garrison, (Irai)ed, which wasloaned by Mr. Francis .L tJarrison,and on one side of the platform was abust of the emancipator, which Mr.T. P. Taylor loaned for the occasion.

The committee in charge of this ses-sion were:—Adjt. Walter J. Stevens,chairman. Miss .Josephine B. Selden,secretary; Mrs. Addie H. Jewell, Mrs.Olivia Bush, Mrs. R. C. Ransom, Mrs.iSmith, Commander A. Ditmus, Mrs.Jewell, Mrs. E. M. Gotten. Mrs. Hard-ing, Mrs. E. Allston, Mrs. Williams,Mrs. Hall, Mrs. Hannah Smith, Mrs.George Lewis, Mrs. C. E. France, re-

presenting the following clubs andorganizations: John Brown Memorial,Protective League, King's Daughters,Queen Esther, Women's Era. Ruth Cir-

cle, Maternal Association, Q\ieen Es-ther's Court, Lily of the Valley Mis-sion, Foreign Missions, G. A. R., ShawVeteran Association. Peter Salem Gar-rison and Household of Ruth.

L

AFTERNOON SESSION, 3 O'CLOCK

ss

The yixth session of the Citizens'

. i'lel)ration began at 3 o'clock on Mon-day at Faneuil hall. The hall waswell niletl. Upon the platform were:

Mr. .luhn .1. Smith, Mrs. Betsey Blake-

iey Hudson, known as "Mr. Garrison's

Kift," esiaped fugitive slave, whowas brought from the wharf to an an-

ti-slavery meeting in Faneuil hall,

then called Betsey Blakelcy; Rev. J. H.

Wiley. Wm. Lloyd Garrison, Mrs. Fan-ny Garrison Villard of New York,daughter of Garrison; O. G. Villard of

New York, editor of New York Even-ing Post, grandson of Garrison; Capt.

Charles L. Mitchell, Hon. MooriieldStorey. Hon. A. E. Pillsbury, Mr. J,

Nathaniel Butler. Miss Alia W. Foster,

daughter of Abbey Kelley Foster andStephen Foster; Hon. A. A. Perry.Miss Pauline Hopkins, Frank Sanborn,Mr. A. M. Howe, Rev. A. A. Berle,

Rabbi Chas. Fleischer, Rev. ByronGunner. Prof. Albert B. Hart, John I).

Long, trustee (jf Zion A. M. E. Zionchurch, E. H. Clement, editor of Tran-script; .John W. Hutchinson. WalterAllen, editor of The Herald; Emory T.

Morris, C. G. Morgan, Miss AliceStone Blackwell. Mrs. Lucia Ame^Mead. Rev. Wm. H. Scott, president of

Boston Suffrage league; .John W.Smith, an old anti-slavery printer,

Joshua A. Crawford, Walter Thomas,T. P. Taylor, W. M. Trotter, secretaryGarrison Centenary ((Hiimittee; JamesA. Lew, Horai-c Gray, Pierre Zeno,i-ommander of Wm. Lloyd Garrison G.A. R. iKJst of Brooklyn, N. Y.. Rev. F.

(}. Sn»dson, Homer B. Sprague, EdwinI). Meiul, Rev. Chas. Ames, RebeccaT. Collins, who knew CJarrison; Geo.G. Bradford, Geo. R. Tabcrs, G. W.Fowle. who was in mob with Garri^oi,Rev. Jesse Harrell.

The Invocation was given by Rev. S.

J. ComfiH-t, Rev. Jesse Ilarrcll not ar-riving till later. .Mr. Mark R. DeMor-tle, chairman of the Citizens' commi'-tee, presided. The Cres(enl .Malequartet sang very acceptably "TieVoli-e of Pea<-e."

Secretary William ,M. Trotter of theSufTrage league committee, read lettersof regret from William H. nupren,

Rev. Francis H. Rowley, N. P. Hal-lowell and ex-Gov. J. Q. A. Brackett

Mr. Mark R. DeMortie spoke in part

as follows:

The hero of whom we shall spe;ik

was born at Newburyport in this state

one hundred years ago. At his birth

place he was surrounded by such elo-

quent and influential men as CalebGushing, W. D. Northen and RichardS. Spoflord. the husband of HarrietSpofford, the authoress, all of them ad-vocating the cause and justness of

slavery.He gathered his little company, and

they met in the African Baptistchurch. Smith court. Joy street, andformed the New England Anti-Slaverysociety and declared for immediateemancipation.. W'hen they adjournedand stepped out in the storm and dark-ness from the meeting he remarked,"our numbers are few and our influ-

ence limited but mark my prediction,

Faneuil Hall shall ere long echo withthe iirinciples we have set forth. Weshall shake the nation by their mightypower."We that are alive today have lived

to see his prediction verified. Hiswords and labors not only abolishedslavery in the United States but in

the West Indies and serfdom in Rus-sia. It was only three years alter theissue of this little sheet (holds up Lib-erator) that slavery was abolished in

the West Indies; you will not find in

the history of the world where somuch was accomplished in so short atime. (Applause.) When you will stopto consider that slavery was only abol-ished in our neighboring state. NewYork, in 1S27, what a great work Wil-liam Lloyd Garrison and his apoi^tolie

brothers and sisters accomi)lished in

so short a period. God bless them all.

I mi'st enumerate some of their names.1 do not want those that do not readhistory to forget, among their numberwas Arthur and Lewis Tapi)en, theI ovejoy brothers. Maria and MaryChaiimans. Oliver Johnson. FrancesJackson, Samuel and Samuel J. May,the Hutchinson family, Lucy Stone,Frodei-jck Douglass. Frank Sanliorn.

BIRTH OK WILLIAM LLONI) (;Akl<IS().\ 37

Abby Kelley. Charles C. Biiiieisli,

Charles l.euox Remond, Dr. SamuelG. Howe. Julia Ward Howe, WilliamC. Nell, last to name among others Is

Parker Pillsbury and Wendell Phil-

lips, but they were the peers of themall.

Where shall we look today tor theman that will espouse the wrongs of

my race; we are outraged and by menin the South today, because we went200,000 strong to help save the nationfrom rebeldom. (Applause.) I hadhoped for a Moody before the admin-istration found him big enough for acabinet office. Let us continue to hopeand hope on trusting to God to rightour wrongs.

It is not my duty to speak but to in-

troduce those that may address you.The committee has seen fit and properto select me for that duty as I pre-

sided at the emancipation meeting thatwas held January the first, 1SG3, in

Tremont Temple at which the work of

William Lloyd Garrison was consum-mated.

Rev. Charles G. Ames, was the first

speaker. He spoke extemporaneouslyand gave very sober advice saying in

part: "When we turned free 4,000,000

ex-slaves it was a good deal like shak-ing out a ragbag. They have beenclimbing every day, and they still havea great deal of progress to make.There is still a battle to be wagedagainst the same spirit which madeslavery possible. You will get yourdues not by appealing to white mento help you, but by helping your-selves. You have got to become self-

reliant and self-respecting, and onlythis kind of appeal will win."

Mr. B. R. Wilson yielded his place onthe program to Mrs. Fanny GarrisonVillard. who received an ovation. Shesaid: "I know that what my dearfather did for the Colored race, all hesacrificed, he has got back. He hada moral uplift and high associates, andI feel that he more than got it backfrom you by your sincere affection."

(Great applause).

Rabbi Charles Fleischer follow^ed. In

the course of his address he said:

"In participating in this centenarycelebration of a man whom we all de-

light to honor, let me speak to a text

furnished by Garrison himself: 'I

claim to be a human rights man.' Thatwas a sentiment to be expected from

the universalislic seer, wIhj, in frenzyexclaimed: 'My ((ninlry is the world;my countrymen are all mankind.'"After all, a specific WTong or inju.s-

lice is only a local or a i)arti(ularphase of general wrong or injustice.It means a falling short of idciil stand-ards. Slavery in the I'nited Stales,oppression of Armenians in Turkey,persecution of Jews in Russia—theseare all poison, fruits of the samedeadly tree. They all tell the samesad story of the survival of beastli-ness in man, none the less betustlywhen it expresses itself in the con-tempt of refined and "superior' folksfor those whom they think or who ac-tually may be inferior.

"Real superiority proves itself notin hatred and contempt, in an ever-widening spiral of sympathy and love.The more one can include the morehuman one is. The grown-up mansays naturally: 'I think nothing hu-man foreign to me. Even the rightsof Russia are dear to me, whose fel-

low Jews are being treated atrociouslyby other Russians."

"Fortunately, we may claim todaythat the sort of man typified in thefine figure of Garrison, the HumanRights Man. is not so rare in our daysas he was In those days."

Moorfield Storey, president of theAnti-Imperialist League, who was pri-

vate secretary to Charles Sumner, said

in part:

"This celebration comes at a fortu-

nate hour. We are passing through a

reaction against the great principles

of freedom and equal rights to advancewhich Mr. Garrison devoted his life,

and we need assured faith. We needto be reminded how much can be ac-

complished in a good cause by cour-

age, persistence and unwavering de-

votion against odds which seem to beoverwhelming—how certain is the tri-

umph of right.

"Yet with no arms but his pen andhis voice, with no funds and without a

single subscriber to support his news-paper. Garrison attacked the mon-strous wrong, and for a generation

urged unrelenting war against it.

Poverty and hardship, abuse, execra-

tion and contempt, the jail, the mob,

and the danger of violent death, nev-

er appalled him nor turned him from

his purpose."It is altogether fitting that we

should honor a man of this rare mold.

I

38 () N K 111 N 1 ) k K 1)'!'

1 1 A N N 1\' K RSA R \'

He deserves all the honor we lan payhim. but it is not by eulogies or meet-ings or statues that we honor him best,

but by following his example andshowing something at least of his

constanry and tt)urage.

"The equal rights of men, which,when he liied seemed assured in this

country, are again questioned. In

many states American citizens are de-

nied the right to vote on account of

their color. There and elsewhere theyare exposed to lawless violence, aresubjected to cruel punishments with-out trial, are visited with social in-

dignities, are denied the equal oppor-tunity which is the birthright of everyman. are taunted with inferiority,

while many insist that they are and of

right must be forced to remain hewersof wood and drawers of water, incap-able of higher things. Let us learnfrom the example of Garrison to resist

with all our might and with untiringpersistence the ignorant and un-Chris-tian prejudice which is responsible forthose wrongs."Our taslv compared with Garrison's

is easy. We have seen slavery over-thrown. We have learned that all thestrong forces once enlisted in its sup-port were unable to keep 4,000,000 ofmen as slaves. Can we believe for amoment that any force can keep 10,-

000,000 of free men down in a countrywhere everything that they can seeand everything that they can hearstrengthens the impulse to rise, whichis i)lanted in the breast of every hu-man being at his birth? Let us per-severe in the path which Garrisonopened for us until every man in thisgreat country, the world, has an equalopportunity to be and to do whateverhis powers permit, unfettered by lawand unhampered by prejudice, look-ing forward to the day when mankindshall rise to his high plane, and weshall all say with him: 'My country is

the world. My countrymen are all

mankind.' "( Ai)plau.se.)

Hon. A. E. Pillsbury, ex-attorney-general of this state, sjKike as fol-

lows:

Fellr)w ('iti/.«'iis: I dislike to makeany allusion to race distinctions,which I would ignore and forget if

I could, but where are the white menwho ought to fill this hall today?l)fM*s not the memory of Garri.son be-long also to them? Do they notknow that the emancipation for which

he gave his life was more theirs thanyours? Where is that fellow citizen

of ours who may be described as thewhite American? Has he forgottenthe way to Faneuil Hall? There wasa time when he knew it. I came downhere last Saturday evening to helpsave the old frigate Constitution, andI found the hall filled, and the plat-

form covered, with Irishmen. (Laugh-ter.) Coming here today to celebrate

Garrison, 1 find the occasion whollyin the hands of another class of ourfellow citizens, who, to say the least,

would have great difficulty in tracingtheir descent from the Pilgrim or thePuritan. (Laughter.) Does not thewhite man know that any questionof liberty is his question? Does henot know that a question of equalrights is more his question thanyours, in the proportion of nine or

ten to one? Does he not know that

his rights are not safe so long asyours are not secure?

But this is not what I came here to

say. I wish to make today, if I can, apractical application of Garrison's ex-

ample.

Garrison was the great agitator. Thebronze figure down yonder in Com-monwealth avenue is a monument to

the power of agitation, the mar.shalling

of the conscience of the country to

mould its laws, as Peel called it. It is

sometimes said by historians and oth-ers who know no better that the aboli-

tionists contributed but little to thedownfall of slavery. But Garrison hadat work, long before the slave powermade the fatal mistake of firing theshot against Sumter, the forces whichwere to destroy slavery. He saw its

weakest point, and he drove straightat it. The slave power always laughedat the political and economic argu-ments against it. Calhoun the ablestdefender of the system, was acuteenough to see that slavery could sur-

vive only ui)on the ground that it wasright. Garrison put aside all questionsof i)olicy or expediency, and demandedimmediate and unconditional emanci-|)ali()n because slavery was wrong.Tlien the slave power knew that he hadpierced the joint in its armor. The re-

coil from Garrison's blow, the blind

and furious rage in which the wholeslavocracy rose up to demand his sup-

I)ression and to put a i)rice upon his

life, was ijroof enough that the l)lo\v

had gone home to the vital part.

Ganison lived to see the constitu-

BIRIH OF WILLIAM I.l,()\ I) CARRISON 39

tional amendments wipe out shivery,raise the black man to the level of citi-

zenship, and clothe him with its

rights and privileges. Now, withinless than thirty years from his death,the clouds have gathered over theenfranchi&ed race, and there is todaya call for a new prophet of freedom.The white south refuses to accept theNegro as a man and a citizen. It is

nothing that he poured out his ownblood in a hundrecl battles for the gov-ernment which now turns its back up-on him. All that is forgotten. Themoral wave that culminated with theEmancipation Proclamation and tho13th Amendment has subsided.

The public conscience is asleep.

The country looks on with indifferencewhile the Negro is stripped not merelyof his right to vote but of his right

to live as a free man and citizen. Hemust live by the labor of his hands,and the ballot is the only weapon bywhich he can defend his right to

vork on equal terms with others whohave it. (Applause.) Take it awayand you leave him a slave in fact, if

nor in law. By this process the blackman is being remanded to servitude,

and the white man as well, for whenthe thing is done it puts the wholecountry under political subjection to

the law-defying states. (Applause.)The courts evade the question, con-

gress finds no politics in it, trade, self-

ish and mercenary now as it always is.

encourages it. and the law of the landis set aside, by force or by fraud, for

one-ninth of all the citizens of the

United States.

The work that Garrison began is

not yet done. (Applause.) It mustbe done by agitation, with fire kindledat the same altar. (Apnlause. ) It

must be done bv the black man him-self. (Applause.) "Who would be free,

themselves must strike the blow." In

Ga.vrison's time the Negro was prop-erty, without even a tongue of his

own. Now he is at least a man. whoseright to speak for himself cannot bedenied or sunnressed. When Garrisonbegan, be bad to beein by unmakingthe whole public opinion of the time,

and the whole bodv of laws. Now thelaw is with the p'^rsecuted race, andit needs oiily public opinion to en-

force it. Create this public opinion

and every politician will bow to it

like a reed in the wind.

If the white race has for the timeabandoned the Negro to his fate, let

him talvc liis own caiisi' into liis ownhands. They are (Mpial to it. 1 iiavcread within a few days a pamphh'ton this suijject. produced wholly byColored men, in which thtire is morelogic, inort' pliilosopliy and moro.'^tati siiianslii|) than the white race,north ni- south, has developed .since

tluTiiconstit uiional amcnduK'nts. Youhave no need to look abroarl for Icail-

crs. If the Colored rac- will stand to-

gether, sinkiiig all jealousies and dif-

ferences in a resolute and unceasingdemand for the im]jariial enforcementof the laws, giving the cxjuntry no restuntil there is one rule alike for whiteand black over every fool of soil,

there can be no doul)t of the result.

(Ai)plause.) It is only ;i question of

courage and endurance. If the demandis irrepressible, it will prove to be ir-

resistible. (.\pplause.) The peoplehave never failed, in the end, whenappealed to on a question of funda-mental right. The universal instinct

of freedom will respond to the ai)peal.

The whole histoi-j^ of mankind is the

history of a struggle for freedom, in

which there is no backward step. All

the moral forces of the universe, theA^ery stars in their courses, fight onthe side of a race striving after its

own liberty. In that cause there maybe delay and discouragement, but there

is no defeat. (Applause.)

Miss Pauline E. Hopkins spoke in

part as follows:

I count it this afternoon, the

greatest honor that will evercome to me that I am permitted to

stand in this historic hall and say oneword for the liberties of my race. I

thought to myself how dare I. a weakwoman, humble in comparison with

other people. Yesterday I sat in the

old Joy street church and you cHnimagine my emotions as I remem-bered my great grandfather beggedin England the money that heljied the

Negro cause, that my gran<lfathe'- onmv father's side, signed the papers

with Garrison at Philadelphia. I re-

membered that at Punker Hill my an-

cestors on my maternal side noured

out their blood. I am a daughter of

the Revolution, you do not acknowl-

"ds-e black daughters of the Revolu-

tion, but we are going to take that

right.

The conditions which cave birth to

so remarkable a reformer and patriot

Avere peculiar. The entire Americanrepublic had set itself to do evil, and

OM-. IllNDKKDl'H A NM \' KKSA R V

its leading forces, wealth, religion andpairty, joined the iK>i)ular side andIhreatened the death of Liberty in the

Repiililic. But the dairkest hour wasbut a herald of the dawn. No s^reat

'•••forni was ever projected or patron-

d by any powerful orf^anization or

:;ilueniial individual at the outset.

Ki'fornuiiion always begins in the

heart of a solitar>' individual; somehumble man or woman unknown to

fame is lifted up to tlie level of the

AImi>;ht\'s heartbeats where is un-

folilfd to him what presently must bedone. Thus it was that after the im-

lx>sition of the colonization scheme,till- issuing of Walker's "Appeal," andhis own imprisonment at Baltimore,the poor and obscure Newbury port

•inter's boy. without rei)Utation, so-

il or political inlluenCc', or money,inaugurated the greatest reform of theninetfenlh century, and within onev.-ar of the first issue of the "Libera-

>r," the entire countr>' knew the

.tnie of Garrison. God had heard thelayers of suffering humanity. He;iid "enough." The hour struck onle horologe of Eternity, and the manas there. S'ide by side with Martinutht r's "Here I take my stand," is

le "1 will be heard" of William Lloyd' ;:irris()n. (Ai)plause.)

In September, 1834. we are told thatt!ie Reformer received the greatest in-

ivhlual help that ever came to himiirii:i; his life, when he married Miss

l'.\'./:: Fienson, daughter of a venerable1 ii l;;nthropist of Rhode Island, andluMt after woman's subtle, intuitive in-

' '!ni I added another sense to the won-;i'rful i)owers of this remarkable man.Very shortly after their marriage, this

br:i\e woman was called to view therj.obbiug of her husband by the Bo^-•nn •Uroidcloth Mob." She stepped

• indow rpon a shed at the• : his extremesi danger, be-

:iii; )!• : lif in danger from the riot-

<Th. Mis hat was lost, and brickbatsv.»»re rained upon his head, while heW.I l.iisib'd along in the direction ofIII'- tar-k<-tile In the next street. Theonly words that escaped from thewlilif lIpK of the young wife were:"I think my husband will not deny hispritx ipb'H; I am sun- my hiushand will

n«vfr deny his prln<dples." The samehplril of encouragement still exists

In women. What danger? will not awoman dare for the support and com-fort «»f huhband. father or brother?Not M' lonK ago. when a lUxston youngman of color was bustled and beaten

and jailed for upholding free speechand independent thought, he was sus-

tained and comforted by the words of

a sister: "Remember, this is not dis-

grace, but honor. It is for principle

—

it is for principle."

Mr. Garrison went about his workagainst slavery with tremendous moralearnestness. At first he advocatedgradual emancipation, but after his

baptism of injustice in a Baltimore jail

his sentiments changed to the start-

ling doctrine of immediate and uncon-ditional emancipation. Gradual eman-cipation was a popular and inoffensive

doctrine, a safe shore from which to

view freedom for the Blacks. It is

analogous with the startling propa-ganda of disfranchisement, or gradualenfranchisement after the Afro-Ameri-can has proved himself fit for the bal-

lot. We remember that history re-

cords the broken promises of freedomgiven by the Southern States to the

blacks of Southern regiments in theRevolutionary W^ar. Those men earn-

ed their freedom, proved their right to

manhood, but at the close of the warwere told that. "You have done well,

boys, now get honie to your masters.

"

The time will never come for the en-

franchisement of the black if he de-

pends ui)on an aclvnowledgement fromthe south of his worthiness for the

ballot. (Applause.) As if the faithful-

ness of the black man to this govern-ment from the Revolution until this

day, the blood freely shed to sustain

Republican principles in every warwaged against the Republic, the gen-

tle, patient docility with which wehave borne every wrong, were notproof of our fitness to enjoy what is

right. (Applause.)

Mr. Garrison lived to see his causetriumph in the emancipation of the

slave, and died believing that the man-hood rights of every citizen of the

United States were secured then andforever. But the rise of a youngergeneration, the influence of an uncon-quered south, and the acquiescence of

an ease-loving north that winks at

abuses where commercial relations andmanufactures flourish and imt moneyin the ])urse, have neutralized the ef-

ft'cts of the stern policy of these giants

of an earlier age.

Great indeed was the battle for the

abolition of slaverv', but greater far

will be the battle for manhood rights.

Let us hope that this timely re-

view of the noble words and deeds of

JURTH OF WILLIAM LL()\|) (iARRLSDN 41

Garrison and his followers, may re-kindle within our breasts the love ofliberty. Were Mr. Garrison living inthis materialistic age, when the priceof manhood is a good dinner, a fineposition, a smile of approval and apat on the back from the man of in-fluence, of a fat endowment, again,would he cry aloud, "The apathy of thepeople is enough to make every statueleap from its pedestal, and to hastenthe resurrection of the dead."

Here in Paneuil hall, let us vow, asthe greatest tribute we can pay to Mr.Garrison's memory, to keep alive thesacred flame of universal liberty inthe Republic for all races and classes,

by every legitimate means, petitionsto individuals, to associations, to for-eign governments, to legislatures, tocongress, print and circulate literature,and let the voice of the agent and lec-

turer be constantly heard. Let usswear to be "as harsh as truth, and asuncompromising as justice." And let

us bear in mind the beauty of doingall things for the upbuilding of hu-manity; persecution and intellectual

development have broadened us until

we can clearly see that if the blacksare downed in the fight for manhood,no individual or race will be safe with-in our borders. This government haswelded all races into one great na-tion until now, what is good for theindividual member of the body politic

is good for all, and vice versa. Herewhere the south and its sympathizershave so strenuously denied the broth-erhood of man, by our mixed popula-tion, God has proved his declaration,"Of one blood have I made all racesof men to dwell upon the whole faceof the earth together." This truthMr. Garrison and his followers freely

acknowledged in the beauty and purity

of their lives and deeds.

Mr. Edwin D. Mead of the OldSouth work, said in part:

There is no word of Garrison's quot-ed so often as that which he put onthe front of the Liberator and whichis on his statue, and yet that veryword is a far more fitting motto ofthe crusade in behalf of the brother-hood of nations than of the crusade in

behalf of emancipation. He said all

of the great anti-slavery leaders in

England were alive to the necessity ofthis struggle for the brotherhood ofnations. The leaders of these two

movements were largely the samemen.

Chas. Sumner began his public ca-

reer with his Fourth of July orationagainst war, and continued the effort

there begun until the end of his life,

and fought his life long as hard forpeace as for emancipation. Garrisonof all the great group was perhaps themost sweeping opponent of war, goingthe full length of the non-resistantprinciple, like Tolstoy today, con-demning even defensive war, a posi-

tion not taken by Sumner or Chan-ning. A conquest by force, he said,

was no real conquest at all; only bylove and reason was genuine conquestpossible. His work was for the re-

demption of the human race; he wasbound, he said, by a law which knewno national partitions. One of his last

efforts was against our severe exclu-sion laws against the Chinese. Hewished that every custom house onearth might be abolished; ludicrousand mischievous especially were pro-

tective laws in behalf of people's prid-

ing themselves upon being strongerand more intelligent than theirneighbors. He was Mazzini's sym-pathizing and admiring friend; andtoday his heart would beat stronglyin sympathy with the struggling mil-

lions of Russia. The European re-

formers, Dickens, Harriet Martineau,Bright, Mill, Victor Hugo, were thesupporters and inspirers of our anti-

slavery reformers, and George Thomp-son stood fittingly by Garrison's sideat Fort Sumter, in 1SG5, when theold flag rose again, the symbol nowof a nation from which slavery hadbeen banished. And yet the work ofemancipation is not yet wholly done;crying abuses against the Negro de-

mand redress, while in many parts ofthe land his elementary political

rights are denied him. The Garrisonspirit is needed still in the waragainst slavery. It is needed morein the war against war. In this dayof multiplying battleships, and of iter-

ated and reiterated boasts in highestofficial places that we are a mightyfolk, who "don't want to fight, butby jingo if we do I" we need to real-

ize anew the duty of a great nationacting like a gentleman; we need to

remember with Garrison that a selfish

and bastard patriotism is a mischiev-ous and mournful principle, that weare men before we are Americans, andthat our obligations are to all man-kind.

().\1-. lllM)Ri:|i 111 .\NM\ l-'.RSAk\'

Rw. Dr. A. A. Bi-rk' of Salem, a

nuted CongreKalional niinisttT, said in

part

:

The Negro race, whatever it oncewas, is here as an integral part of

American citizenship. And it is herenot to be n-cUonetl with i)riniaril.v

as a iharge. primarily as an is-

sue, but primarily as a body of

American citizens, and as an Ameri-can who expects to exercise his suf-

frage as an American a few yearslonger, I refuse to regard mycountryman either as a charge, asa problem or as an issue. I proposeto regard him as a citizen and as acitizen alone. (Applause.) I thinkthat wise words of advice were thewords already spoken by my friend,

Mr. Pillsbury, when he said that theNeeroes of America must act as aunit. And they must act together andbring the entire wealth of mind andthought and spirit and consciencewhich the total race possesses to bearupon their own prol)lem of develop-ment and advancement. There is aquestion, however, as to jturchasingunity upon a platform uponwhich the unity is not worthhaving. (Applause). Believing as I

do that the problem of education is

a prolilem for us all, I believe that in-

dustrial education is essential to theblack man and the white man alike.

But I refuse to believe that any por-tion of American citizens is to be per-

manently set apart for mere industrialimprovement. (Applause.) What is

the question, the problem, that is agi-tating the white race? The indus-trial question. What is the greatt<'rror that is stirring us all? Trium-[ihant, insistent, repressive industrial-ism. Are you willing that a recentlyemerged race shall be handeci,bound hand and foot, into the armsof the Industrial monster? (Greatapidause. ) I say this because I be-lieve that you can never i)ermanent-ly H«-parate in this land the blackman from his citizenship. Why dowe have demonstrative exhibitionslike this here? \V<' have them hceauscw<? have the monstrous spectacle of arace practically sulnnerged and de-prived of its national citizenship, con-d<'mn<-<l to involuntary scrviiiidi' inAtncrjca.Now, my df-ar friends, to me it is a

[•••rfi-ctly tiali'val dcvelonment of thisron<llllon thai the llnory wjildy em-braced Koeth and north thatthe Negro race needs primar-

ily to be fitted for industrialoccupation should receive the en-dowment o!' ;i conspicuous figure in

an industrial trust. (Hreat applause.)I want to say to you this afternoontliat if I were a Negro as I am a whiteman; if I were with you in the tradi-

tions which belong to the Xe^crorace, I would spurn any platform of

unity that first had to spurn the Con-stitution of the United States. (Greatapi)]ause. ) The dcnoininational or-

gan of that to whch I belonu; said theother day that the days of the radi-

cals were over, and I suppose in somesense that is true. But let us at least

remember that it does not lie in thel)ower of any man or any set of menpermanently to hold down the truth

in unrighteousness. And I simplycame this afternoon to bid you Godsi)eedon the line for which Garrison stood.

And let me say to you that in spite

of all I may seem to have implied bywhat I have said, make no mistakes.You will have to advance industrially.

I am sorry for any man, white or

black, who does not know the use of

his hands. But I want to say, whileyou advance, God help your race, as

God only ajiparently can help anylace, as long as it sticks by the mon-strous degrading maxim, ''Get moneyin the bank." (.Wild applause). I will

say to you what v,'e must do is to harkback to the primary platform which is

embodied in the United States Con-stitution. And when we have madecitizenship mean what it is supposedto mean in every part of this land youwill not need the endowment of anymillionaire to set your schools in mo-tion, because free men build their ownschools and educate their own chil-

dren, themselves.

This statement was hailed with en-

thusiastic and instant approval. Theai)plaust' as Rev. Dr. Herle finished

was deafiming. Theaudience went wild

with delight over his assertions as to

the terms of race unity and as to in-

dustrialism. A. M. Howe, Esq., aneminent Boston lawyer and reformer,

rose at the back of the platform andshouting in a loud voice, "Thank Godfor a self-respecting man," led three

cheers for Berle, which were given

with a will by the audience.

Mr. Reed said in part:

The stirring events in connection

with this celebration have promptedthis query in my mind: What would

BIRTH OF WILLIAM LL()\I) CARRISON 43

Garrison do If he was again amongus? Could he but see the gradualnullification of his life's work, the re-

enslavement and disfranchisement of

a portion of the race he labored so

hard to free; could he but come to

Boston, the scene of his early strug-

gles and final triumphs; could he butsee here, as I have seen, men and wo-men, some of the best in the land, be-

cause of their color turned away in thenight and the cold from ])ubllc inns;

refused admittance or herded in thea-

tre and other places of a public na-

ture, ignored and ridiculed, deniedeven a fair chance to secure food andraiment—could Garrison see theseconditions as they confront you andme today, I believe that he would start

another "Liberator."Its initial number would contain a

message to both races. To his ownrace he would say: "You have beenfalse to the trust I gave you," and I

think he would say, too, that "Whena people's liberty is in jeopardy thereis something more potent needed thankind words and sympathy." To myown race I can hear him repeating:"Be United," "Fear God, then disre-

gard all other fears."

If ever Boston needed another Gar-rison it is now. We need one to

warm the hearts of the thousands whoin the mad fight for gold have left

poor humanity to suffer in the cold.

We need a Garrison at the head of

some of our great dailies to speak outboldly and in uncompromising lan-

guage against the wrongs heaped uponus.

If we had more Garrisons at the

head of some of our mercantile firms

the Colored boys and girls with merit,

seeking positions there, would not beturned away with the cold answer,"No Negro need apply."

I am not pessimistic nor do I for

a moment forget the shortcomings of

my own race. It is with us that the

real evil lies and it is with us that

the remedy must be sought. "Whowould be free himself must strike the

blow."Kossuth, the famous Hungarian

leader, himself an exile for freedom'ssake, speaking in Faneuil Hall a half-

century ago, sounded a keynote whichwe may with profit apply. Said he:

"Freedom never was given to a na-

tion as a gift, but only as a rewardbravely earned by own exertions, ownsacrifices and own toils."

William Lloyd Garrison, typifying

as he did in a sense the lifi- of thelowly Nazarenc, suffered and enduredmuch that the slave might lie freeand now as men and women how muchmore ought we to sacrifice that hiswork shall endure.

Prof. A. B. Mart of Harvard Univer-sity said in part:

We have heard a great deal icjdayabout the future and about the pres-ent, and it is right to weave the future into the present. But as I cameinto this hall something else had comeinto my mind. It is the figure of aman whom I never saw, yet whom all

of us have seen, the personality ofthat great character whose 100thbirthday we have come here to cele-

brate. One hundred years ago todaythat man first saw the light. Seventyyears ago today, almost to a day, a

public meeting was held in this hall,

presided over by the then mayor of

Boston, to protest against WilliamLloyd Garrison. And at that meetingPeter Chandler pointed to this pic-

ture of Washington as a slave-holder,

forgetting that that slave-holder byhis last will did what he could to re-

pair the wrong that had been done to

those people who had served him, bysetting them free. In that meeting,

Otis criticised the abolitionists as a

set of incendiaries.

How is it that that man has exer-

cised such a mighty influence uponhis country and has come to be one of

the acknowledged masters in our

great republic? Mr. Garrison sawwhat other people failed to see—that

the truth should make you free. (Ap-

plause.) The whole basis of Mr. Gar-

rison's power was rot that he could

create a situation, not that it was in

his power to set free the sla^s, but

that they were by nature free. Andwhat he set out to do and what he

succeeded in doing was simply to call

the attention of his countrymen to the

truth which lay before them all—

a

truth so mighty that it burst the bonds

in which men had attempted to en-

velop it. Furthermore. Mr. Garrison

stood for a principle for which every

man. woman and child in Americaowes him thanks on this, his lUOth

birtnday, namely, the principle that

there is no offence to anybody in tell-

ing the truth and in telling it in pub-

lic!

Among the arguments put forth at

that time was that on one side the

44 ONK m NDKKDrH ANM \' KRSA R\'

Negro race was a poor, weak, servile

race, and that on the other side it

WHS a race so strong and powerfulthat you could not whisper in thehearing of a slave that he ousht to befree without dehiKin^ the country in

blood and breakinj; up the wliole in-

stitution itself. That contradictionw;'.s carefully expressed by Mr. Garri-son. If the Negro was poor and weak,where was the danger from him? If

he was strong and powerful, wherewas the right that he should bo helda slave?

This man. so strong, was after all

a n)an of kindness, of simjilicity of

heart. He not only hated the sinnerand the oppressor, but he loved theoppressed.

The world is advanced by the manof one idea, the men who have thestrength and power to fill their mindswith one subject. I feel, therefore,grateful today for Mr. Garrison, notbecause he was always right, becauseIf Mr. Garrison and his friends werealways right, then my father andgrandfather were often wrong.(Laughter). I am willing to dividethe responsibility. Not because hewas always just; he was often hardand terrible. But because he had inhim such a belief in the rightfulnessof his cause that he must speak andthe people before him must listen tohim. I admire Mr. Garrison; I amproud to ajipear here today upon thisanniversary because he justified whathe said of himself. "I have flatteredno man."

Mr. Henry B. Blackwell, upon whosehead the south once put a price, saidIn part

;

I met Mr. Garrison und^r peculiarcircumstances. He was brought toour house In Jersey City when I wasabout twelve years old by my fatherto spend the night, because it wasthought unsafe for him to remain InNew York. I remember him as aman thirty-two years of age.

Garrison did not believe In usingphysical force, nor military force, norpolitical force. He stood where Tol-Btol stood, but he believed In tellingthe truth and relying solely upon thetruth, The pf(jple of the south weredriven to the question of confederacy,tind th«'n cann- on Lincoln. And Lin-coln did not dare to lKsur> his Kmaiicl-pntlon rrocl.iinatlon until severalyears of war had ho warped the brains

of the people of the north that he wasable to take this step. But therenever would have been an Emancipa-tion Proclamation, there never wouldhave been a Lincoln if there had notbeen a Garrison. (Applause.)

You heard that beautiful intelligent

speech of a Colored lady, Miss Hop-kins. She never could have madethat speech if Mr. Garrison had notniad(> it possible for her to do so. Headvocated liberty for woman as wellas man. The greatest work that Mr.Garrison did, in my opinion, was notlu emancipating the Negro slave, butIt was in establishing the equality ofwomen. You will never have a freecountr\ until its governmenl rests

upon the suffrage of women as well asman. You may say what you pleaseand preach what you please, but youwill be permanently in warfare until

you put the ballot in the hands of wo-man. Let me tell you that the Col-

ored women are as much citizens asthe Colored men, and they need theballot far more than the men, for theColored women of the south are sub-.iected to insults and injustice far morethan the men. (Applause.)

Mr. Garrison went over to Loudonto the anti-slavery convention, and thewomen were denied a seat there; hewould not sit in that convention buttook a seat in the gallery with thewomen. I want to say that Mr. Garri-

son has made a beginning—that hasalready borne fruit. While it is truethat chattel slavery is abolished, it is

also true that about forty thousand.square miles of American soil is liv-

ing under woman suffrage. The wo-men sent eight senators to the Con-gress of the United States and ninerepresentatives. And now I appeal to

this Suffrage League. Gentlemen, let

your league stand for suffrage for

women as well as for men. Do notforget that one-half the oppressed peo-

ple in this land are women and their

rights must be maintained as well asthe men's. Let us remember that this

question of liberty which was Garri-scm's is the most important of all ques-tions; for as Emerson said, "Of whatvalue is land or life, if freedom fail?"

Mr. I'"(]ward H. ClenKMit, editor of

the Boston Transcriiit, said in part:

There is plenty of opportunity andplenty of call for the "hard language"wliicli Garrison admitted li(> was ac-

customed to use because "he had not

BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOND CAKKISON 45

been able to find a soft word to de-sci'ibe villainy or to identify tlie i)erpe-

trator of it." Even as regards bis

specialty of rescuing tlie Negro fromoppression almost everything remainsto be done over large sections of ourcountry,—indeed in our own commun-ity as well, In the social prejudices ofcold hearts and narrow minds. As theNegro rises the force of gravitation of

the baser habits of thought of theaverage masses pulls the harderagainst him. At the hour when he hadbarely risen out of slavery we wereestablishing his citizenship and his

equality in rights in the Constitutionand the statutes. Today the civil

rights are waste paper and the repeal

of his guarantees of citizenhood in theConstitution is openly agitated. Is

there not as much reason for us as for

Garrison to .dedicate ourselves as hedid to trust in God wath the defiant

faith:—"We may be personally de-

feated but our principles never." Is

there not as much necessity to cry thatwe will not equivocate, that we will

not yield an inch, and that we will beheard? Shall we net rise to this con-ception of duty that the obligation to

do a righteous act is not at all de-

pendent on the question whether weshall succeed in carrying the multi-tude with us?"My only point is that we have no

business with his glory today if wehave none of his spirit. If we areproud and grateful on his birthdaythat such an American was producedby our state and city, I say, let us ex-

press o ir sense of this great man wehonor in more than lip-service. If wesee around us 'men wearing their

chains in a cowardly and servile

spirit,' as he described the conserva-tism of his day, let us as advocatesof peace, avow, as he did, that 'wewould much rather see them breakingthe head of the tyrant with their

chains,' whether the tyranny be em-bodied in the benighted and belatedNegrophobia of the south, or in thebossism of northern municipal corrup-tion, or in the monopolies of capital-

ized privilege by grace of bought leg-

islation, or in the zeal of religious

darkness and bigotry. The only wayto estimate the true greatness of Gar-rison is to reflect that the opportunityfor his career is never wanting, neverhas been, and, till the millennium,never will be, and yet his triumph re-

mains unique—unparalleled in start-

ing as small as was Garrison's begin-

ning and ending as stupendous—withthe whole of the material and moraland financial resources of the nationpractically arrayed under his stand-ard against his selected object of de-

struction. The elements of his ])rob-

lem are never absent. These ele-

ments are entrenched wrong, the vest-

ed interests which thrive upon it, thecold-blooded indifference of thosewhose withers are unwnmg, the timid-ity and selfishness of all who dreaddisturbance of established order, thef(>ar of ridicule for the un;)opular mi-nority—the consr'quent inertia of themass, most terrible of all resistanceto overcome. But there is no use to

pursue the threadbare story now. Thething for us to think of here today is

that the opportunity and the call for

martyrdom is the same today as then,for you and me as for him. The ques-tion up to us is, "Where is the heroof the hour? Who are they that aredoing in our day the same sort of

pioneering, with the same sacrifices

and stripes, that Garrison did? Letus beware, as we join in the execra-

tion of some agitator who is called adangerous disturber, a low fellow to

be got rid of and silenced somehow,lest we be running with a 'broadcloth

mob' again, and stoning a prophet un-

awares."

Mr. F. B. Sanborn of Concord, per-

sonal friend of Mr. Garrison, said:

Friends of Universal Liberty:

Standing on this platform, troddenby five generations of Adamses andQuincys, by Phillips, by Lafayette,

by Kossuth and by Garrison himself

many times, I find myself, as they did,

before an audience friendly to free-

dom. Not your freedom, merely, andmy freedom, not the freedom of Anglo-

Saxons and Irishmen and Frenchmenand Hungarians alone, not apologists

for a miserable patchwork right of

self-government, spotted white here,

swarthy there, yellow in anotherpatch, according to the whim of someself-styled "superior race," but advo-

cates of the reasonable liberty of all

races to govern themselves without

the "benevolent assimilation" extend-

ed by destructive warfare to the

swarttiy Boers of the Transvaal andthe brown allies of our armies in the

Filipino satrapy of our misguided Re-

public. But among the many life-

long services rendered to liberty by

the friend whose anniversary we com-

memorate, I shall speak only of one

46 ONK lllNDkKDIll .\N.\I\KKSARV

line of his ceaseless activity, his ca-

i.H-r as journalist of freedom.

Carrison was neither for "Our couu-

trv risht or wrong." nor for the dear

i.Joijle. right or wrong. He was for

keeping the people right, and if they

went wrong, giving them to under-

stand where they were wrong; and

he had great skill in making himself

understood. (Laughter.)

Indeed he was well equipped for a

journalist. In the first place he had

learned to print, as our best journalists

have often done, from Ben Franklin

till now. and not seldom he "set up"

his anicles without writing them down-a |)ractice that favors conciseness

,ind point, just as the opposite habit

of diit iting to a stenographer favors

diflfuseness and lack of point. Thenhe was an omnivorous reader, as most

.^ood writers have been, and could

xpress himself with facility either

.11 i)ro.se or verse. Best of all, he had

,, great cause to hold him to the point

and not suffer him to fritter himself

away in miscellaneous interests, as too

many good writers do. To be sure,

he allowed his zeal for righteousness,

which in New England is apt to take

ih«' form of self-righteousness, to lead

him into many specific reforms, akin

to anti-slavery by a sort of affinity, but

not of necessity connected with it.—

peace, temperance, non-resistance, land

reform, woman suffrage, anti-sectarian

religion. But this did not so muchvitiate his style as disaffect his ownfriends. They objected, too. to his

harshness of language, in which heshar<Ml the peculiarities of Americanjournalists of the decades from 1830

to is,"in.

He shared with Horace Greeley andother contemporary journalists the er-

ror that strong epithets added to theforce of an argument, and might at-

ton<' f(jr possible defects in logic

His oppon"nts and Grecdey's had thes.uiK* Ifba, and one of them. Colonel\V<b!» of the New York Courier andKn(4uirer. said of the abolitionists of

1S:{6:

"They are a poor, miserable set of

drivelling dastards, who always runInto lh<- shavings, like William LloydGarrison, wh«n their own poor patesuTi' In danger."

To be Hurf, Garrison li.id luforc thisf,TlIe<| Colon*! Wtbb "the cowardlyruffian, who conducts the 'Courier andEnquirer," and b,id siyliil niiMihir ( dl

t(ii ih<- miRcr.Thle li.ir and murderous

hypocrite of the New York Commer-cial Advertiser."And about the same time (1833) he

denounced Henry Clay, and othersouthern advocates of Negro coloniza-tion in these vehement terms:

"Ye crafty calculators! ye hard-hearted, incorrigible sinners! yegreedy and relentless robbers! ye con-temners of justice and mercy! Yetren-.bling. pitiful, palefaced usurpers,my soul spurns you with unspeakabledisgust. (Laughter).

In spite of this Old Testament dia-

lect of denunciation, which he neverqtiite unlearned, though he moderatedit sensibly in the later years of hisnewspaper. Garrison made the "Liber-ator" a model among weekly news-papers in several respects, and it hasnow become an invaluable historical

work for reference. He i)ractised

what he preached, and allowed his op-ponents to speak of him in his ownpaper as sharply as they chose.

His own articles were sometimesopen to the objection which he oncebrought against those of his friendand converter, Benjamin Lundy:

"His style of writing was brisk, sar-

castic, fearless, witty, vigorous—at

times rising to eloquence and sublim-ity, but frequently careless and inele-

gant. Like almost every conductor of

a public press, he was comi)elled towrite his articles in haste, with little

or no time for revision."Both as journalist and public speak-

er, however. Garrison was seldom un-prepared, it was a natural result of

the strenuous and watchful life he led

for so many years that he was neveroff his guard. His capacious memory,his flow of language, his quickness ol

I)erception and analysis, made up for

any defect of logic he might have. Inreasoning indeed his premises werefew and his conclusions were fore-

ordained.Garrison was so grounded in jus-

tice that his own vehemence couldseldom blind his eyes to the truth,

Ihoimli il niiL;lit lead him into a false

position. He had courage, veracity,.iiul clearness of mind; he was freefrom avarice, m(>anness, and excessiveambition, and these are traits of agood journalist. Like Greeley andsome other great journalists, he some-limes allowed his i)ersonality to get

ill his s( might forward way; he hadiiel (lie modesty that makes the causeeverything, the person nothing. But

BIRTH OF WILLIAM LL()\I) CAKKISoN 4 7

even this slight defect may have beenessential to the post he held so long

and so bravely. The captain whoheads a forlorn hope, the pilot who is

to weather the storm must not think

meanly of themselves.Garrison, like Phillips and John

Brown, was fitted and weaponed for

the work assigned him.

Mr. Walter Allen, who had been

present, editor on the Boston Herald,

was unable to speak, and his letter

was read by Secretary Trotter.

Boston, Mass., Dec. 9, 1905.

William Trotter, Esq.,

Secretary of the Boston Suffrage

league:Dear Sir—When you personally

brought to me sometime ago an invi-

tation to be one of the speakers at the

Garrison centennial memorial meetingin Faneuil Hall, in the afternoon

of Monday, Dec. 11, I promptly said

to you that the condition of my health

required me to decline making public

addresses. I desire now more formal-

ly to acknowledge the honorable cour-

tesy of the Boston Suffrage league,

and to express my regret that I amprevented from undertaking a service

which it would be my joy and pride to

attempt, if it were prudent.To be thus associated, even by an

humble performance, with the greatname and fame of William Lloyd Gar-

rison would gratify my sense of obli-

gation. When I was a boy I was areader of the Liberator, and a fre-

quent attendant at meetings of theAbolitionists. I heard Mr. Garrisonspeak on two or three occasions. Hehad a share in forming my early opin-

ions, was, indeed, one of my educatorswhose influence abides. If through a

long service as a writer for newspa-pers, I have preserved, as I trust I

have, a sincere purpose to speak thetruth with courage in ail matters af-

fecting liberty and human rights, it is

due in large part to the example of hisabsolute obedience to the heavenly vi-

sion.

The first words I heard from Garri-son's lips, the opening sentences of anaddress delivered at a meeting of theAnti-slavery society in anniversaryweek, about 185G, were, as my mem-ory recalls them, these: "Some per-

sons say they are abolitionists, butare not Garrisonian abolitionists. I

am a Garrisonian abolitionist and ex-

pect to be one as long as I live."

When our young David challengedthe Goliath of slavery, learned men,pious men, men having a stakt- in the

country, cried out against his temer-ity. He was mad; he was impious;he was a traitor; he had a devil. Be-

sides, he was obscure, unschooled,egotistical and dangerous. They did

not, and could not, apprehend the

compelling soul of the journeymanprinter.

Those blind judgments have hadabundant, echoing rehearsals in mis-

taken souls. Always there are thosewho fancy they can give God lessonsin making history. Today wiseacrestell us how the American conscience—"drunk with cotton and the NewYork Observer," as Phillips said:

would surely have destroyed slaveryif there had been no Garrison. Theydemonstrate to their own contentmentthat he was an obstacle to emancipa-tion—as if the Almighty did not knowwhat he was about wnen he let theLiberator be established. The uselessdiversion of ex post facto reformersis to invent gentler means of over-

throwing tyranny than the plagues of

Egypt, the dagger of Brutus, the de-

capitation of Charles, the AmericanRevolution, the French terror, the an-

ti-slavery agitation, and the Russianstrikes. Let us with saner modestyaccept the thing that is apparent—the

mountain which old earthquakes lift-

ed into the sky, the hero-prophet whocried aloud for righteousness in a per-

verse and wicked generation, whowould not retreat and who would beheard.

Garrison was the morning star,

forerunner of Lincoln, the glorious

sun of emancipation. Phillips said of

Lincoln tbat he went up to God withfour million broken shackles in his

hands. Honest Abe must have ac-

knowledged, what the Lord well

knew, that they were not his trophies

only, but Garrison's also.

Respectfully yours,

WALTER ALLEN.

Mr. Bradford, formerly a trustee of

Atlanta university said in part: It

was given to Garrison to bo in his dayand generation one of the chief in-

struments under God to abolish hu-man slavery. It is given to us in our

day and generation to perfect the

work of emancipation by assuring to

the freedmen the fullest enjoyment of

the rights, privileges and responsibil-

ities of citizenship. It may not be

4^ ( ) N K 1 1 rM ) R K 1 ) r H A N M \ K RSA R V

given to any of us to be a Garrison,

but it is Riven to each of us to do. in

his humble way. the duty thai lies at

his hand with his courage, resolution

and unselfishness.

In looking to Garrison for inspira-

tion, we must look always to the manrather than to his methods, we must

remember that his great influence

was due to the power of his person-

ality, rather than to any method em-

ployed.If we would prove ourselves worthy

followers of Garrison, if we would

perfect the work he began we mustprove ourselves likewise fearless andresolute self-sacrificing men of action.

As illustration of the sort of action

which in my judgment worthily ^-x-

presses the Garrison love of liber-

ty and makes for freedom, I want to

take up your time a moment by refer-

ring to one or two incidents familiar

to most of you.

Once a citizen of Boston was denied

by the school authorities the right

to send his children to a public school

to which he wished to send them. Bysheer force of a dogged determinationto have that which he believed washis right under the law, he compelledthe school authorities to admit his

children lo the desired school. Hethereby not only served himself but

served the community by his exampleof sturdy independent citizenship.

There fled to Massachusetts a fugi-

tive from the injustice of a southernstate. The Colored men of Massachu-setts rallied in his defence and re-

sisted by every legal means in their

power his extradition. They failed in

tht'ir immediate object. The fugitive

was returned south, but the resolute<ijno<'rted action on the part of theColored people of Massachusetts wasnotice to the community at large thatI In- ('(dored men of Massachusettsw<-r«' united in a steadfast purpose toprottct the individual members ofth«'ir race from oppression and injus-

tice.

.\ii attempt was made in western

Massachusetts to establish separatepublic schools for white and Coloredchildren. Again the Colored men of

Massachusetts, chiefly men of Bostonunited to resist the attempt. Thistime their action was successful.

Looking to other cities we find othermen of action striving mightly. Hartof Washington, striking an effective

blow at the jim crow car law; Morrisof Chicago, scoring another againstthe jim crow restaurant. Whilemore encouraging of all came, sometime back, word that the Colored citi-

zens of Jacksonville, men, womenand children, had banded togetherand effectively boycotted the jim crowcars of that city and that a similarconcerted movement was literally onfoot in two towns in Texas. Withsuch civic virtue, such sturdy spirit

of independence, there can be uoquestion of the ultimate result.

Mr. Bradford closed by saying hebelieved the customs of prejudice willbe forced from their places by thenew vigorous civic virtue that is or-

ganizing in our midst like the cling-ing oak leaves are by the fresh leaf-

bud in spring.

The Crescent male Quartette, com-posed of Messrs. C. A. E. Cuffee, Jas.E. Lee, Wm. H. Richardson and Dr. 1.

L. Roberts sang well "Lead KindlyLight." The Mendelssohn quartette,

composed of Mrs. Carrie Bland Sheler,

Mrs. J. Patterson Rollins, Mr. T. Wil-

cott Swan, Mrs. B. J. Ray, accompan-ist, sang sweetly, "To Thee, O Coun-try."

While the collection was beins tak-

en up, Mr. John W. Hutchinson sangone of his anti-slavery songs.

At the close of the meeting, Mr.Nathaniel Butler, an aged man, whoworked in the Liberator office, andMrs. Hudson, who was a fugitive

slave under the name of "BetseyBlakely," were introduced to the audi-

ence.

EVENING SESSION, 7.30 O'CLOCK

The closing session of tlie Citizens'

two days' celebration came at 7.30

Monday night at Faneuil Hall, and it

was a fitting climax to the other greatsessions, made so by the memorableand inspired oration by Rev. ReverdyC. Ransom and by an audience thatfilled well nigh every crevice in thegreat Fane*iil Hall.

It was preceded by a short paradeover the route over which the "Broad-cloth" mob of 1835 dragged the bodyof the great Abolitionist. Company L,

6th regiment, Massachusetts VolunteerMilitia, led by the Chief Marshal,Capt. George W. Braxton came fromthe armory through Scollay square,followed by the Robert Gould ShawVeterans where members of Robert A.Bell Post 134, members of the com-mittee and other citizens, men, womenand children, fell in line and marcheddown Court street, into State, intoDevonshire, to Faneuil Hall, CompanyL presenting arms as the rest marchedinto the hall amid great applause.Company L then filed into the gal-

lery and took the front row of seats

i on the right side, being liberally ap-plauded.Meantime the large Commonwealth

Band, Mr. William A. Smith, leader,

composed of Colored musicians wasrendering a most excellent concert,

[the pieces being: March, Fanfanie,

I

Von Suppe; waltz, La Bacarolle,' Waldteufel; Overture, Lustspiel. Kela-

Bela; excerpts from "Woodland," Lud-ers.

At 8 o'clock Mr. Joshua A. Craw-,

ford, chairman of the Centenary com-mittee of the Boston Suffrage League,

jopened the meeting. After a fervent

iprayer by Rev. M. L. Harvey, pastor

tof the Morning Star Baptist church, he

i spoke in part as follows:

The name of Garrison has alwaysawakened in us the deepest feeling of

gratitude and affection. He labored

I

to the end that we might enjoy the

privileges and freedom we esteem so

Ihighly today.

I His life makes one of those mar-

velous chapters in the hi:story of ourcountry that excites the wonder andadmiration of the civilized world. Ahigh priest in the cathedral of liljerty

and freedom, he raised the cross ol

a new crusade and bore it triumphant-ly through opposing hosts to theMecca of equal rights and freedom toall men.To confirm the freedom his efforts

secured, to protect the citizenship theyconferred, to protest against everywrong, to agitate for and demand all

of our rights wherever the flag of ourcountry flies, is our solemn duty anddearest hope.

It has been our constant effort to

prove that he did not labor in vain.

We have been ever mindful of thefact that we are in the midst of agreat moving, pushing, breathing civ-

ilization and we are moving on, push-ing on and battling on with it, ask-

ing nothing but those rights and priv-

ileges that are freely given to all oth-

er loyal and patriotic sons and daugh-ters of the Republic.

No other age, no other civilization,

no other people have placed so manymilestones along the turnpike of hu-man progress in so short a while as

this, our own people.

We need not be discouraged. So long

as the men, women and children of

our race of all walks of life, as they

are represented in this effort, are will-

ing to lay aside all things to do hom-age to the memory of one who did so

much for them, the time will yet comewhen we may say in truth, that the

sun in his journey shines over no peo-

ple more free, more happy or moreprosperous than this our own people.

Rev. W. H. Scott, president of the

Boston Suffrage League was then in-

troduced. He said in part:

We are here today to honor a manwho has done much for mankind.

Wm. Lloyd Garrison was one of the

greatest "champions of freedom. Heknew no creed, race nor nationality,

but man. Garrison was a man destined

to be a leader among men; he was a

5° ONK lllXDRKlVrn AXXIVKRSARV

man who could not be bullied nor ca-

joled. We are more than glad that

the Garrisonian spirit has been re-

vived, in these days when northern

iilnions and southern rapersof thecon-

uiiuiion. are telling the Negroes to

vait and learn how to vote and when(iu'V shall have become rich and mil-

lionaires, then, and not until then,

ihall they have the right to vote. Mr.

'Jarrison was a man who made nocompromises of surrendering man-hood. They wanted him to let the

question of slavery alone; because hehad no right to disturb the conditions

which were accepted: that it wasmere foolishness that he could expectto do anything for the slave, even the

scholarly anil learned Edward Everettthought that Garrison and his follow-

ers ought to be suppressed by thestate and nation. But Garrison wasfirm—

'i am in earnest. I will notequivocate. I will not excuse. I will

not retreat a single inch. And I willb(> heard." These words tell what theman was. Others might have doubtsbut Garrison never; others might sayit is i:npossible to overthrow thatwhich was intrenched in state and na-tion. The thousands of spindles ofLowell and Lawrence were fed by theuiir< quited toil of the half-starved andbrutalized slave of the south. Whatdid the "Hroadcloth" mob care forthe cries and woes of the Negroes solong as their pockets were beingfilled with gold? They justified them-selves by saying he is better off thanif he were in Africa. So does theroblier say that the man or womanwhom hr' has robbed that he shouldbe ! la I thai he had escaped with hislife. .Mr. Garrison was too much forthe slave ol'.v'archy. He knew no mas-ter !iit God. lie believed in the Fa-therh(JOd of God and the brotherhoodof man. Ho heard the cry of Kossuthfor the Hungarian, the cry of thestarving Irishman, he heard the crywIk-m Grecc't' was pleading for herriuhlK, i)e licard the cry when theQuaker was heli)ing the poor Indian.He loved man because man was God'snobb'Kl creation. .Mr. Gjirrison start-ed a paper .Ian. 1, ls:{l. which was tovoice the s«'ntiinenfs th. were to ul-timately triumph over this monster.Two years later he started the iitili-Hlav.Ty society In Philadelphia. II..WHK the sun in this solar svstcm

around which all was to revolve. Thenorthern dough-faces trembled before

him just as Felix before Paul whenhe "reasoned of righteousness, tem-perance and judgment to come."What a blessed day was the lOth

of Dec. 1S05. when it was announcedthat a man-child was born. We hail

the day with thanksgiving and glad-

ness. Let the ten millions of Ne-groes tell their children and their

children's chililren about the man andthe day. We hail him as the deliver-

er of the T'nited States of America,both black and white, for every slave

had one while man chained to him.Let all races, peoples and nations re-

joice with us for this man whom GoJhas given to the world.

Rev. Scott declared the Boston Suf-

frage league was organized to securethe ballot and would not disband un-til Colored Americans could vote asfreely in Mississippi as in Massachu-setts. (Applause.)

Chairman Scott then called upon thesecretary of the Boston SuffrageLeague's committee, Wm. M. Trotter,

who read letters from Maj. Wesley J.

F^irlong, Mr. Louis A. Fisher, whosang at Mr. Garrison's funeral, Rev. S.

M. Crothers, Geo. V. Leverett, Esq.,

Maj. Chas. P. Bowditch, Mr. A. A. Esta-brook, the Wendell Phillips Club. Wen-dell Phillips Garrison, Joseph K.Hayes, .Tr., and Secretary Loeb. reply-ing to the invitation that was extend-ed to President Roosevelt and regret-ting on behalf of the President that of-

ficial business would make it impossi-ble for him to attend, and from Gov.Douglas.Mme. Nellie Brown Mitchell, wife ol

Capt. Charles L. Mitchell, and one ofthe singers at the funeral of Mr. Gar-rison, sang Kipling's Recessional, ac-

companied on the piano by Miss Geor-gine Glover, and res])onded to the en-

core demanded with "Face to Face"most feelingly and sweetly rendered.At this juncture, the venerable an-

ti-slavery singer, Mr. .John W. Hutch-inson. entercMl with his wife and sonand was given an ovation that lasted

several minutes.Next came the Centennial Ode, a

beautiful poem composed for the oc-

casion by Mr. W. S. Braithwaite, Bos-ton's talented poet, and read by theauthor.

BIRTH OF \VII,1,1.\M l,l,()\l) CAKKISOX SI

"THE LIBERATOR."

I.

'Twas nineteen hundred fateful yearsago

A slim young Syrian girl fulfilled theWord,

And saw in dreams across the windlesssnow

The years acclaim the Baby's voice sheheard.

The world enfranchised from the bondof sin

In dear remembrance keeps a festival;

Wherever man may be in hut or hall

The spirit of this season enters in.

0, little Child, who smiled on Mary'sknee

Why do the Nations bow and worshipThee?

The world is yet a place of wrongs andwoes

—

And Faith and Doubt in conflict still

oppose.

0, questioning Time, Man's soul will

answer three:

Christ died to make men free!

II.

One hundred stirring years ago todayThere grew the mystery of another birth.

God heard the supplicating bondmenpray

And sent another saviour to the earth.

He grew a dreaming boy among his

hills

And wondered at the freedom Naturegave

To; winds and clouds and the far echo-ing wave;

But his heart sorrowed at his brother'sills,

Whose souls of a diviner essence madeWas yet less free than soulless beast

or bird.

He saw a vision in his humble trade.

And his soul heard God spealc the

deathless word;And all his thoughts and deeds becameA fiery flameTo burn the tyrannyAnd set men free!

The young republic from the wrecksof war

Arose self-destined to i)rotect the

sovereign man."We stared afflxed as the bright polar

star

For human rights," the Constitu-tion ran.

And far away across the surging seasThe suffering hordes of Europe

dreamed of peaceAnd set their visions westward, where

the StatesThrew o'jen wide tlic portals of

their gatesAnd cried to all the world: "Come in,

come in.

Ye who are trodden by the feet of

kings,Ye who are grievously taxed, but can-

not winA voice in your own country's

councillings;

Come hither where your hire is yourtool.

Where no man's bond—where all

may reign and rule."

The old world listened at the strange

new songOf freedom, beyond the sunset in the

sea

—

While east and west the plying slav-

ers flee

—

And only God and one man knew the

thing was wrong.And so he strove with brave, indig-

nant speech:

—

A John the Baptist in the wilderness.

He saw the ideal freedom out of

reachTill twice two million slaves could

rise and bless

Their nation's flag. And so the con-

scienceless

Soul of his own country he sought

to sting

To a self-realization of its shame.

While the worst of Rome and Egypt

in its midst was flourishing.

He won a few disciples to his cause

Who iireached the fiery gospel of his

word

—

Sublimely indifferent to the laws.

Until the indicted people stopped and

heard."What prophet is this come out ot

Galilee

To set a neople free

And make as sifting sands the foun-

dations of the free?"

So grew the angr>' cry

Of passions mounting high.

And they smote him for the truth

of their own iniquity.

52 r)\K nrxDRi-ivni axxttkrsarv

III.

Vea. they mobbed him and deride J.

Called him traitor and a madma«a

—

Yea, the State and Church decidedHim a radic;;! and bad man:But he put his trust in God and saw

the riiiht,

And kept his great unswerving pur-pose to the end.

The end:—\\Tien the will of God didsmite,

And set the house against itself to

succor and defend I

Kroiu the most northern hamlet up in

MaineThat lay among the w'oods, echoing

the calling sea,And traveling like the sound of windy

rainSouthward where the Gulf winds

shake the Palmetto tree,And westward to the golden fields oi

hopeWhere some lone miner digs the allur-

ing slopeArose the sounds of war.The billowing armies rolling from afarOf every corner of each Northern stateWent into battle to preserve the

Union's fate.

And so two years the thunder rolledand broke,

And Lincoln's cause seemed lost,

Till our great hero's voice rose up andspoke

Above the din of guns and sabrescrossed

:

"Unyoke the bondmen if ye hope tosave

The Union from an ignoble grave."

IV.

The great Commander listened, andthe war becaiue

A crusarle in his name:And Farragut and Grant and Sheridan,And that white-souled, angel-boy

Uolif-rt ShawWill) led .such troops none ever led be-

fr)n'.

Went forth as his apostles to the van.And fought (heir battles for the rights

of man,And thereby .saved ihc Union.\t la.Ht when df)wn beneath the horizonIhe blood-smoked clouds of battle rol-

led away.And Grant bad clasped in peace the

hand of l>?e,

IJecauHP (iarrLson had dared to do and.Kay

I'our million slaves stood free!

How shall we name him now, thisholiest man?

Whose memory we gather to revere?Has ever unerring Nature in her planSo wrought his likeness on this trou-

bled sphere?One with Mazzlni, but of larger mould,One with Garibaldi, yet more bold.One with Cavour, without self-seeking

greed,One with Kossuth, but wider in hii

creed,

One with Cromwell, yet more simplywrought,

Franker in act and sublimer in thoughtOne with Kosciusko, but greater than

the PoleBecause he saw the Universal Race

within the soul.

One alone in perfect nature, heart andsoul apd mind.

He stands with Christ, the perfect loverof Mankind.

Mr. Charles H. Taylor then readwith magnificent effect the salutatoryof The Liberator. This \vas followedby a solo sung by Miss Genevieve Leewith much chaim and expression andthe audience called insistently for anencore, to which she responded witha gracious bow, as the time was pass-ing. The song was "Grass and Roses,"]Miss Bertha Ba'mian on the pianoand Mr. A. Portuando on the violin.

Capt. Charles L. Mitchell, now 76years old, who was a compositor onMr. Garrison's paper, the Liberator,and wllio was an officer of the 5,5th

Mass. Regiment, stepped forward andread the following address:

"The boon of a noble human life can-not be appropriated by any single na-tion or race. It is a part of the com-monwealth of the world,—a treasure,a guide and an inspiration." How ap-projiriate is this aiihorism in its appli-cation to the life and character of Wil-liam T.,loyd Garrison! During theyears of his earthly activity, he left

an indelible impress for good in thecommunity in which he lived. Hiskindness of heart, his sym])athetic na-ture, his strong friendship, his mag-netic j)orsonality, his quick i)erception,

bis untiring energy and his unselfishdevotion to duty will ever remain as atreasure, a guide and an insiiiration.

In the activities of life it seiMued asif he was animated by a single thought.

BIRTH ()1<' WIIJJAM 1,1, ()\1) CAkklSON5.^

duty, and supplementing- this thoughtby the energy of his activity, he threwinto the cause of anti-slavery all ofthe moral and religious enthusiasm ofhis heroic nature.My acquaintance with Mr. Garrison

dates back to the year 1853, fifty-twoyears ago, when I came to Boston fromHartford, Conn., and applied to theLiberator office, then located at 21Cornhill, for a position as compositor.During the time that I was employedon the Liberator, I know of no onewhose friendship and esteem I vaJueso highly as that of Mr. Garrison's.He was always cheerful and hopefuleven in the darkest hours. His faithin the goodness of his cause and in th«overruling Providence of God was soabsolute that he was calm and cheerfulalike under clear or cloudy skies.

As a type setter, I found Mr. Gar-rison one of the most rapid and cor-rect compositors that I ever met, andmany of the editorials in the Liberatorwere set up by him at the case withouthaving first been written out on paper.Mr. Garrison's presence in the printingoffice was like sunshine in a shadyplace. The many annoyances almostinevitable in a printing office neverdisturbed his serenity. An excellentprinter ajad careful proof-reader, hetook great pride in the make-up andtypographical accuracy of the Libera-tor, and often made-up and correctedthe forms with his own hands. On theevening preceding publication day hewould frequently insist on the printersgoing home whiie he remained until

a late hour to prepare the forms for

the press. In very many ways his

sweet and gracious spirit, and his

thoughtfulness for others, were maidemanifest, and thus it was that he en-deared himself to all.

I am reminded that over twenty-sixyea,rs have passed since Mr. Garrison'sdeath, and that the following personsserved as pall-bearers at the funeral:Wendell Phillips, Samuel Ma^y, Sam-uel E. Sewell, Robert F. Wolcott, Theo-dore T. Weld. Oliver Johnson, LewisHayden and Charles L. Mitchell, of

whom I am the only survivor. Theclosing exercises of the funeral tookplace at the Forest Hills cemetery,Wednesday, May 28th. It was a per-

fect spring afternoon. The air wasfragrant with budding blossoms, whenjust as the sun was sinking in thewestern horizon, reflecting back its

serene beatity upon the scene, seem-ingly a parting benediction of Heaven's

approving smile nj'on the life work ofWilliam Lloyd Garri.son, that thepall bearers tenderly lowered all thatwas mortal of tlie great anti-slaveryleader into the grave, whilst the quar-tette rendered the beautiful selection,with words commencing, "1 cannot al-ways trace the way. Hut this I knowthat God is Love."

At the close of Mr. Mitchell's ad-dress the chairman said that likeChairman DeMortie at the afternoonsession, following the old custom atanti-slavery meetings, he would havea collection lifted for the cause offreedom, meanwhile the band played.

Then came the climax and thesensation of the meeting, indeedof the whole celebration, the ora-tion by Rev. Reverdy C. Riinsom.Of it the Boston Transcript said in its

news reports: "It was an address bya Negro orator—a fitting close to thetwo-day celebration of the WilliamLloyd Garrison centenary—that stir-red a crowded audience of Negro menand women in Faneuil Hall last even-ing as no white speaker has been ableto stir them throughout the whole se-ries of Garrison addresses at previousmeetings yesterday and on Sunday.They cheered, they shouted, they threwtheir handkerchiefs and hats into theair. They w'ere for a few minutes in

a tumult of enthusiasm and fervor,and Rev. W. H. Scott, who was pre-siding, had to call on the band to aidhim in restoring order. The speak-er was Rev. Dr. Reverdy C. Ransomof the Charles Street A. M. E. church.Like the other speakers he had re-

viewed their escape from the oppres-sion of the past, but he told themfrankly of the oppression of the pres-

ent, and aroused their fervor by his

own vehemence in pointing the wayout of it."

The applause was simply tremend-ous, frequently compelling the speaker+o pause for several minutes. At its

close the scene was indescribable. Wo-men wept, men embraced each other.

Guests on the platform rushed uponthe orator with congratulations, the

program was forgotten and only the

playing of the band restored order andmade it possible to proceed. Manysaid no better oration had ever beendelivered in Faneuil Hall in its wholehistory.

Rev. R. C. Ransom said in full:

54 OXK HUXDKKDrilS AXXI V KRSARY

Tr-IE CLNTENNIAL ORATiON— "WM, LLOYD GARRISON."

We have assembled here tonight to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the

birth of William Lloyd Garrison. Not far from this city he was born. With-

in the gates of this city, made famous by some of America's most famous

men, he spent more than two-thirds of his long and eventful career, enriching

Its historv and addine to tJi*» glory of .'ts '•enown. This place, of all places, is

In keeping with the hour. It is most appropriate that we should meet in Fan-

euil hall, the cradle of American liberty, a spot hallowed and made sacred by

the statesmen, soldiers, orators, scholars and reformers who have given ex-

pression to burning truths and found a hearing within these walls. Of all

people it is most fitting that the Negro Americans of Boston should be the

ones to take the lead in demonstrating to their fellow-citizens, and to the

world, that his high character is cherished with affection and the priceless

value of his unselfish labors in their behalf, shall forever be guarded as a sa-

cred trust.

Only succeeding generations and centuries can tell the carrying power ot

a man's life. Some men whose contemporaries thought their title to enduring

lame secure, have not been judged worthy in a later time to have their names

recorded among the makers of history. Some men are noted, some are dis-

tinguished, some are famous, only a few are great.

The men whose deeds are born to live in history do not appear more than

once or twice in a century. Of the millions of men who toil and strive, the

number is not large, whose perceptible influence reaches lieyond the

generation in which they lived. It does not take long to call the roll of honor

of any generation, and when this roll is put to the test of the unprejudiced

scrutiny of a century, only a very small and select conipauy have sufficient

C4irrying j)ower to reach into a second century. When the roll of the centur-

ies is called, we may mention almost in a single breath, the names which be-

long to the ages. Abraham and Moses stand out clearly against the hori/.on

f)f thirty centuries. St. Paul from his Roman prison, in the days of the Caesars,

i."- still an articulate and aiitlioritative voice. Savonarola rising from the ashes

of his funeral pyre in tlic streets of Florence still pleads for civic riiihteous-

ne.sK; the sound of .M;irtin l.nther's hammer nailing his thesis to the door of

niH Wlttenburg church, continues to echo around the world; the battle cry of

Croniweirs Ironsides shouting, "The Lord of Hosts!" still causes the tyraui.

and the despot to tremble upon his throne; out of the fire and blood of theFrench Hevolution. "Liberty and Equality" survive; Abraham Lincoln comesfrom the backwoods oi Kentucky and the prairies of Illinois, to receive the ap-

l»roval of all succeeding generations of mankind for his Proclamation of

Kmanclpullon; John Hrown was hung at Harper's Ferry that his soul might

BIKI'II Ol'' WIIJJAM I,l,()\l) CAkklSON 55

go marching on in the tread of everj'^ northern regiment that lought for the

"Union forever;" William Lloyd Garrison, mobbed in the streets of Bostou for

pleading the cause of the slave, lived to sec freedom triumph, and tonight, a

century after his birth, his name is cherished, not only in America, but around

the w^orld, w^herever men aspire to individual liberty and personal freedom.

William Lloyd Garrison was in earnest. He neither temporized nor com-

promised with the enemies of human freedom. He gave up all those comloris,

honors and rewards which his unusual talents would easily have won for him,

in behalf of the cause of freedom which he espoused. He stood for rigliteous-

aess with all the rugged strength of a prophet. Like some Elijah of the Gil-

ead Forests, he pleaded with this nation to turn away from the false gods it had

enshrined upon the altars of human liberty. Like some John Baptist crying

m the wilderness, he called upon this nation to repent of its sin of human

Slavery, and to bring forth the fruits of its repentance in immediate emancipa-

tion.

William Lloyd Garrison was born in Newburyport, Mass.. Dec. 10, Ibuo

He came of very poor and obscure parentage. His lather, who was a sea-

faring man, early abandoned the family for causes supposed to relate to M»

intemperance. The whole career of Garrisor was a struggle against poverty.

His educational advantages were limited. He became a printer's apprentice

when quite a lad, which trade he learned. When he launched his paper, "Tho

Liberator," which was to deal such destructive blows to slavery, the type wasi

set by his own hands. The motto of the "Liberator" was "Our country is tho

world, our countrymen mankind."

Garrison did not worship the golden calf. His course could not b(i

changed, nor his opinions influenced by threats of violence or the bribe of

gold. Money could not persuade him to open his mouth against the truth, or

buy his silence from tincoiapromising denunciation of the wrong. He put

manhood above money, humanity above race, the justice of God above the jus-

tices of the supreme court, and conscience above the constitution. Because

he took his stand upon New Testament righteousness as taught by Christ, he

was regarded as a fanatic in a Christian land. When he declared that "he

determined at every hazard to lift up a standard of emancipation in the eyes

of the nation, within sight of Bunker Hill and in the birthplace of liberty," he

was regarded as a public enemy, in a nation conceived in liberty and dedi-

cated to freedom.

Garrison drew his arguments from the Bible and the Declaration of Inde

pendence, only to be jeered as a wild enthusiast. He would not retreat a sin-

gle inch from the straight path of liberty and justice. He refused to purchase

peace at the price of freedom. He would not drift with the current of the pub-

lic opinion of his day. His course was up stream; his battle against the tiue

He undertook to create a right public sentiment on the question of freedom, a

56 ttM- IirXnRKD'l'H ANN I VKRSARV

task as grpat as it was ditticult. Garrison thundered warnings to arouse the

public conscience, before the lightnings of his righteous wrath and the shafts

of his invinc-ible logic wounded the defenders of slavery in all the vulnerable

Joints of their armor. He declared: "Let southern oppressors tremble—let

their secret abettors tremble; let their northern apologists tremble; let all the

enemies of the persecuted blacks tremble." For such utterances as these his

name throughout the nation became one of obloquy and reproach.

He was not bound to the slave by the ties of race, but by the bond of

common humanity wnich he considered a stronger tie. In his struggle lor

freedom there was no hope of personal gain; he deliberately chose the path-

way of poverty and financial loss. There was set before his eyes no prospect

of honor, no pathways leading to promotion, no voice of popular approval,

save tliat of his conscience and his Gou. His friends and neighbors looked up-

on him as one who brought a stigma upon the fair name of the city in which

be lived. The business interests regarded him as an influence which dis-

turbed and injured the relations of commerce and of trade; the church op-

posed him; the press denounced him; the state regarded him as an enemy of

thi- established order; the North repudiated him; the South burned him in ef-

tlgy. Yet almost single-handed and alone. Garrison continued to hght on. de-

claring that "his reliance for the deliverance of the oppressed universally is

upon the nature of man. the inherent wrongfulness of oppression, the power

of truth, and the omnipotence of God." After the greatest civil war that ever

Immersed a nation in a baptism of blood and tears. Garrison, unlike most re-

formers, lived to see the triumph of the cause for which he fought and every

slave, not only acknowledged as a tree man, out clothed with the dignity and

powers of American citizenship. William Lloyd Garrison has passed from us,

but tiie monumental character of his work and the intluence of his life shall

never perish. While there are wrongs to be righted; despots to be attacked;

oppressors to be overthrown; peace to find and advocate, and freedom a

voice, the name of William Lloyd Garrison will live.

Tliose who would honor Garrison and perpetuate his memory and his

fame, must meet the problems that confront them with the same courage and

tn till- same uuconiproniising spirit that Garrison met the burning questions >t

the day. Tlmsi.' who would honor Garrison in one brcatli, while compromising

our manhood and ailvocating the surrender of our political rights in another,

not (inly dishonor his memory, not only trample the Hag of our country wltn

vl":' r.' Mid nniioly f( ct, but they spit nixm tiie grave which holds the sacrefi

duHt of this chleft'sl of the apostles of freedom.

The HtaiiiH of the Nepro in this country was not settled by emancipation;

th'' ir.lh amr-ndiufnt to the constitution which it was confidently beiieved

woulil fioihc him forever with jjolilical inlhicnce and power, is more bitterly

nppoKod today than it was a (luartcr of a ctniury ago. The place which the

BIRTH Ol' WILLIAM i,I,()\l) (iARKISON 57

Negro is to occupy is still a vital and Ijurmng quesuuu. The newspaper press

and magazines are full of it; literature veils its discussion of tlie theme under

the guise of romance; political campaigns are waged with this question as a

paramount issue; it is written into the national platform of great political par-

ties: it tinges legislation; it has invaded the domain of dramatic art, until to-

day, it is enacted upon the stage; philanthropy, scholarship and religion are,

each from their point of view, more industriously engaged in its solution than

they have been in any previous generation. If the life and labors of Garrison

and the illustrious men and women who stood with him, have a message for

the present, we should seek to interpret its meaning and lay the lesson to

heart.

The scenes have shifted, but the stage is the same; the leading characters

have not changed. We still have with us powerful influences trying to keep

the Negro down by unjust and humiliating legislation and degrading treat-

ment; while on the other hand, the Negro and his friends are still contending

for the same privileges and opportunities that are freely accorded to other cit-

izens whose skins do not happen to be black. We, of this nation, are slow to

learn the lessons taught by history; the passions which feed on prejudice and

tyranny can neither be mollified nor checked by subjection, surrender or com-

promise. Self-appointed representatives of the Negro, his enemies and his

would-be friends are pointing to many diverse paths, each claiming that the

one he has marked for his feet is the proper one in whfich he should walk.

There is but one direction in which the Negro should steadfastly look and but

one path in which he should firmly plant his feet—that is toward the realiza-

tion of complete manhood and equality, and the full justice that belongs to an

American citizen clothed with all of his constitutional power

This is a crucial hour for the Negro American; men are seeking today to

fix his industrial, political and social status under freedom, as completely as

they did under slavery. As this nation continued unstable, so long as a rest

ed upon the foundation stones of slavery, so will it remain insecure as long

as one-eighth of its citizens can be openly shorn of political power, while

confessedly they are denied "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." We

have no animosity against the South or against southern people. We would

see the wounds left by the war of the rebellion healed; but %ve would have

them healed so effectually that they could not be trodden upon and made to

bleed afresh by inhuman barbarities and unjust legislation; we would nave

the wounds of this nation bound up by the hands of those who are friendly to

the patient, so that they might not remain a political running sore. We would

have the bitter memories of the war effaced, but they cannot fade while the

spirit of slavery walks before the nation in a new disguise. We. too. would

have a reunited country; but we would have the reunion to include not only

white men North and South, but a union so endearing, because so just, as to

58 ONF. lirXDRK.DTTT ANNIVKRSARY

embrace all of our t'ellow-couutrymen regardless of sectiou or of race.

President Roosevelt iu one of his addresses to tHe Colored people, while

cm his recent southern tour, has advised us that instead of agitating for our

rights, we should apply ourselves to the fulfilment of our duties. This is no

uew doctrine: it was taught by Jesus Christ who never once discussed the doc-

trine of human rights. Christ spoke of duties. Joseph Mazzini. tna

great Italian patriot, taught his fellow-countrymen that the way to secure their

liberation was through the fulfilment of their duties. By the fulfilment of

duty, Mazzini meant something quite different from what President Roosevelt

seems lu nave had in mind. He taught that it was not simply a man's right

to be free, but that it was his duty, because God had created him to enjoy tree-

dom. and therefore, he would make himself an instrument of thwarting the

ends of his Creator if he permitted without resistence his freedom to be taken

awa>

It is not a man's right, it is his duty to support and defend his family and

his home; he should therefore resist any influence exerted to prevent him

from maintaining them in comfort; while he should oppose with his life the

Invader or despoiler of his home. God had created man with a mind capable

of infinite development and growth; it is not, therefore, a man's right, it is

his duty to improve his mind and to educate his children; he should not there-

tore, submit to conditions which would compel them to grow up in ignorance.

Man belongs to society; it is his duty to make his personal contribution of the

best that is within him to the common good; he can do this only as he is giv-

en opportunity to freely associate with his fellowman. He should, therefore.

seek to overthrow the artificial social barriers which would intervene to sep-

arate him from realizing the highest and best there is within him by freedom

of association. It is a mans duty to be loyal to his country and his flag, but

when his country becomes a lanu of oppression and his flag an emblem of in

justice and wrong, it becomes as much his duty to attack the enemies within

the nation as to resist the foreign invader. Tyrants and tyranny everywnere

should tje attacked and overthrown.

This is a period of transition in the relations of the Negro to this nation.

The question which America is trying to answer, and which it must soon def-

initely settle is this: What kind of Negroes ao the American people want?

Thai they must have the Negro in some relation is no longer a quesiion 01

serious debate. The Negro is here 10,000,000 strong, and for weal or woe, he

Ih here to stay—he Is here to remain forever. In the government he is a po-

litical factor; Ii. «-viucation and in wealth he is leaping forward with giant

strides; he counts his taxable property by the millions, his educated men and

women by the scores of thousands; in the laouth he is the backbone of indus-

try; m every phase of Amerlciin life his presence may be noted; he is also as

tnoroughly imbin-d with American priiuii)les and ideals as any class or people

BIRTH ()!• WILLIAM I.LOND CAKKISON 59

Deneath our flag. When Garrisou started his fight lor freedom, it was tne

prevailing sentiment that the Negro could have no place in tins country save

that of a slave, but he has proven nimself to be more valuable as a true manthan as a slave. What kind of Negroes do the American people want'.' Do

they want a voteless Negro in a republic founded upon universal sutTrage?

Do they want a Negro who shall not be permitted to participate in the govern-

ment which he must support with his treasure and defend witii iiis blood? Do

ihey want a Negro who shall consent to be set apart as forming a distinct in-

dustrial class, permitted to rise no higher than the level of surfs or peasants?

Do they want a Negro who shall accept an interior social position, not as a

degradation, but as the just operation of the laws of caste based upon color?

Do they want a Negro who will avoid frirtion between tne races by conheiiMne

lo occupy the place to which white men may choose to assign him? What

Ivind of a Negro do the American people want? Do they want a Negro who

will accept the doctrine, that however high he may rise in the scale of char-

acter, wealth and education, he may never hope to associate as an equal with

white men? Do white men believe that 10,000,000 blacks, after having im-

bibed the spirit of American institutions, and having exercised the rights of

free men for more tnan a generation, will ever accept a place of permanent

inferiority in the republic? Taught by the Declaration of Independence, sus-

tained by the constitution of the United States, enlightened by the education

of our schools, this nation can no more resist the advancing tread of the hosts

of the oncoming blacks, than it can bind the stars or halt the resistless mo-

tion of the tide

The answer which the American people may give to the question pro-

posed cannot be final. There is another question of greater importance which

must be answered by the Negro, and by the Negro alone. What kind of an

American does the Negro intend to be? The answer to this question he must

seek and find in every field of human activity and endeavor. First, he must

answer it by negation. He does not intend to be an alien in the land of his

birth nor an outcast in the home of his fathers. He will not consent to hik

elimination as a political factor; he will refuse to camp forever on the borders

of the industrial world: as an American he will consider that his destiny is

united by indissoluble bonds with the destiny of America forever: he will strive

less to be a great Negro in this republic and more to be an influential and use-

ful American. As Intelligence is one of the chief safeguards of the repudic.

he will educate his children. Knowing that a people cannot perish whose mor

als are above reproach, he will ally himself on the side of the forces of right

eousness; having been the object of injustice and wrong, he will be the foe ol

anarchy and the advocate of the supremacy of law. As an American citizen,

he will allow no man to protest his title, either at home or abroad. He wih

insist more and more, not only upon voting, but upon being voted for to oc-

6o OXK IllNDKKhril AN N 1 V KRSA RV

cupy anj' position witliiu the gilt of the nation. As an American whose title

to citizenship is without a blemish or flaw, he will resist without compromise

every law upon the statute bool\s, which is aimed at his degradation as a hu-

uian being and humiliation as a citizen. He will be no less ambitious and as-

piring than his fellow-countrymen; he will assert himself, not as a Negro, but

as a man; he will beat no retreat in tJie face of his enemies and opposers; his

gifted sons and daughters, children of genius who may be born to him, will

make their contribution to the progress of humanity on these shores, accept-

ing nothing but the honors and rewards that belong to merit. What Ivind of

an American does I'ae is'egro intend to be? He intends to be an American who

will never mar the image of God, reproach the dignity ot his manhood, or tar-

nish the fair title of his citizenship, by apologizing to men or angels for asso-

ciating as an equal, with some other American who do'^s not happen to be

Dlack. He will place the love of country above tlie love of race; he will con-

sider no task too difficult, no sacrifice too great, in his effort to emancipate his

country from the unChristlike feelings of race hatred and the American bond-

age of prejudice. There is nothing that injustice so much respects, that Amer-

icans so much admire, and the world so much applauds, as a man who stands

erect like a man. has the courage to speak in the tones of a man. and to fear-

lessly act a man's part.

There are two views of the Negro question now at last clearly defineu.

One is that the Negro should stoop to conquer: that he should accept in si-

lence the denial of his political rights; that he should not brave

the displeasure of white men by protesting "'hen he is segregated In

humiliating ways upon the public carriers and in places ot pub-

lic entertainment; that he may educate his children, buy laud

and save money; but he must not insist upon his children tak-

ing their place in the body politic to which their character and intelligence en-

title them; he must not insist on ruling the land which he owns or farms; he

must have no voice as to how the money he has accumulated is to be expended

(hrouuh taxation and the various forms of public improvement. There are

others who believe that the Negro owes this nation no apology for his pres-

ence in the United States; that being black he is still no less a man; that he

should not yield one syllable of his title to American citizenship; that he

should refuse to be assigned to an inferior plane by his fellow-countrymen;

iDougn loes conspire against him and powerful friends desert him, he should

refuse to abdicate his sovereignty as a citizen, and to lay down his honor as a

man. (Wild applause, cries of "Ransom, Ransom." eiieerlng.)

ff Americans become surfeited with wraith, haughty with the boasting

pruip oi race superiority, morally corni])! in the high places of honor and of

trust, enervated through the pursuit of pleasure, or the political bondmen of

8(.ri)f stronu man plotting to seize the reins of power, the Negro American will i

BIRTH OF WILLIAM LLOND CARRISO.X 6.

continue his steadfast devotion to the flag, and the unyieldiiiK assertion of his

constitutional rights, that "this government of the people, tor the pef)pl.- andby the people, may not perish from the earth."

It is so marvelous as to be like a miracle of God, to behold the transform-

ation that has taken place in the position of the Negro in 'liis land since Wil-

liam Lloyd Garrison first saw the light a century ago. When the Negro liaU

no voice, Garrison pleaded his cause; tonight the descendants of the slave stand

in Faneuil hall, while from ocean to ocean, every foot of American soil is ded-

icated to freedom. The Negro American has found his voice; he is able to

speak for himself; he stands upon this famous platform here and thinks it no

presumption to declare that he seeks nothing more, and will be satisfied with

nothing less than the full measure of American citizenshi.

I feel inspired tonight. The spirits of the champions of freedom hover

near. High above the stars, Lincoln and Garrison, Sumner and Phillips, Doug-

lass and Lovejoy, look down to behold their prayers answered, their labors re-

warded, and their prophecies fulfilled. They were patriots; the true saviours

of a nation that esteemed them not. They have left us a priceless heritage.

Is there to be found among us now one who would so dishonor the memory of

these sainted dead; one so lost to love of country and loyalty to his race, as

to offer to sell our birthright for a mess of pottage? When we were slaves,

Garrison labored to make us free; when our manhood was denied, he pro-

claimed it. Shall we in the day of freedom be less loyal to our country and

true to ourselves than were the friends who stood for us in our night of woe?

Many victories have been won for us; there are still greater victories we must

win for ourselves. The proclamation of freedom and the bestowal of citizen-

ship were not the ultimate goal we started cut to reach, they were but the be-

ginnings of progress. We, of this generation, must so act our part that a cen-

tury hence, our children and our children's children may honor our memory

and be inspired to press on as they receive from us untarnished the banner of

freedom, of manhood and of equality among men.

The Negro went aboard the ship of state when she was first launched up-

on the uncertain waters of our national existence. He booked as a through

passenger until she should reach "the utmost sea-mark of her farthest sail."

When those in command treated him with injustice and brutality, he did not

mutiny or rebel; when placed before the mast as a lookout, he did not fall

asleep at his post. He has helped to keep her from being wrecked upon the

rocks of treachery; he has imperiled his life by standing manfully to his task

while she outrode the fury of of a threatening sea; when the pirate crafi ol

rebellion bore down upon her and sought to place the black fiag of disunion at

her masthead, he was one of the first to respond when the captain called all

hands up on deck. If the enemies of liberty sliould ever again attempt to

wreck our ship of state, the Negro American will stand by the guns; he will

62 ( ) X K I HM ) K 1-: I > r J i AN N 1\' K RSA R

V

not desert her when she is sinking, but with the principles of the Declaration

of Independence nailed to the masthead, with the Hag afloat, he would prefer

ather to perish with her than to be numbered among those who deserted her

when assailed by an overwhelming foe. If she weathers the storms that beat

upon her, outsails the enemies that pursue her, avoids the rocks that threaten

her. and anchors at last in the port of her desired haven, black Americans and

white Americans locked together in brotherly embrace, will pledge each other

to remain aboard forever on terms of equality, because they shall have learned

l)y experience that neither one of them can be saved, except they thus abide in

the ship.

For the present our strivings are not in vain. The injustice that leans

ipon the arm of oppression for support must fall; truth perverted or sup-

pressed gains in momeatum while it waits; generations may perish, but hu-

manity will survive; out of the present conflict of opinion and the differences

of race and color that divide, once the tides of immigration have ceased to How

to our shores, this nation will evolve a people who shall be one in purpose, one

In spirit, one in destiny—a composite American by the co-mingling of blood.

When the applause following theoration had subsided, Comi);iny L filed

down from the gallery and marchedout through the center aisle with theband playing and the audience ap-plauding.

Mrs. Olivia Ward Bush then read theEmancipation Proclamation and the\'Mh Amendment, as showing the endof the Liberator's work, its publicationbeing ended at that time.

After this Mr. Edward EverettBrown mide an impassioned short ad-dress. He paid in part:Mr. President and Fellow Citizens:

It is fitting that we should assemble inhistoric Faneuil Hall, where the greatbattles of our race and humanity havebeen fought, to pay our tribute of loveand respect to the sainted memory ofthat grand, fearless imconipromisingdefenfier and champion of the rightsof nnn. justice and equality, WilliamLloyd riarrisoii.

No man who truly loves his raceand is interested in its higliest so-cial, commercial, political, intellectualanfl moral advancement, could fail torfH|><)nd to the call of duty in such asacri'd cause as wo have met tonightfo honor and draw lessons of insjjjra-•ion from his noble life and self-sac-• ifl' ing character.The Ni'virocs of America owe more

to (Ja.rri.'-dii than to any other m;inwho lived during that stormy periodthat lri<'(| tiK'ti'.s souls.

He was hated, persecuted and mob-bed for us, but his courage never failed

him, never for a moment did he lose

interest in the mighty cause of humanfreedom and liberty for the poor, de-s])ised black slave to whom he hadconsecrated his life.

If it had not been for Garrison wewould probably have never had theeloquent Phillips pleading our causeat the great bar of public opinion. Be-cause it was that disgraceful scenewitnessed by Phillips in Court street,

Boston in 1835, when Garrison was be-ing dragged through the streets bythe Broadcloth mob that enlisted thesympathy of Phillips and from that mo-ment he became a convert to the anti-slavery cause.

In spite of the sacrifices of blood andtreasure, caused by the great war of

the rebellion, the Negro citizens of

America are still the victims of unjustpersecution; race hatred and discrimi-

nation, disfranchised, robbed of theballot, that priceless heritage of Ameri-can citizenship, denied the right of

trial by jury, shot down, lynched andmurdered without even the form of a

trial.

I believe that a sentiment will goforth from this historic hall that will

arouse the seared hearts, and con-

sciences of the American people to give

the Negro fair play, justice, equal op-

portunity, equal rights under the sacred

constitution of our cnuntry.

BIRTH OF WIM.IAM I,[.()\|) CAKRISON. '^3

The chairman of the committee onResolutions, Mr. T. P.Taylor, calledupon Rev. J. W. Hill, secretary of thecommittee on resolutions, to readthem, before doing' so narrating brief-ly his experience in helping sa\e Wen-dell Phillips from the mob at theSmith Court Synagogue in 1860.

The Resolutions Adopted.

Whereas:—On this memoraljleoccasion we are filled with grati-tude to God, who hath given usa grand opportunity to unitewith a host of friends throughout thecountry in the observance of the OneHundredth Anniversary of the birthof the Pioneer in the work of theabolition of American slavery, WilliamLloyd Garrison; and are glaid to re-

call to memory the history of onewho when a young man of twenty-fouryears, thought deeply on the subjectof human oppression and decided thatthe curse of American slavery shouldbe removed from the land. Mr. Garri-son became inspired with a strong de-sire and determination to lift his voiceand wield his pen in behalf of thebondman, and with courage to go forthalmost single handed to demand forthe enslaved race, "Immediate and Un-conditional Emancipation." With astrong faith in the possibility of suc-cess he began his life work fearingneither opposition nor danger thatthreatened him all the way.We are reminded, a,s we reverently

tread the path over which the excitedmob dragged his body, that Mr. Garri-son bore with calm fortitude the insult,

still believing that his cause was just,

and that eventually "right would tri-

umph over might." We will gladly re-member that his love of country anddesire for Universal Freedom, led himto place on the pages of the earliestedition of the "Liberator," his motto:"Our country is the world; our coun-trymen are all mankind," and to beknown as a foe to every form of op-pression. Therefore be it

Resolved:—That, as we renewmemories of the anti-slaverystruggle, we rejoice that toour oppressed race as a grand re-sult of the agitation the Day of Free-dom dawned, the prison doors wereopened, the chains loosened and theoppressed walked forth to freedomforever on American soil.

Resolved:—That we gratefully recordanew appreciation of the labors ofWilliam Llovd Garrison and the host

of earnest men and women who, withtheir true friend and loiuh-r, workedincessantly during the dark hours ofslavery and lived to hall with jov thesending over the land the lOmancipa-tion Proclamation giving freedom tofour millions of bondmen, who tookuj) the joyful news and shouted to allaround the welcome words, "We'refree, we're free."

Resolved:—That we will often bringto the young people the memory of thepast, and lead them to trace the his-tory of the Negro-American, and fromyear to year record the wonderful pro-gress made since the day that civiland political opportunity was giventhem. It shall be our aim to place inevery household a memento of thisoccasion, bearing a likeness of Wil-liam Lloyd Garrison, with many ofhis sayings that shajl be rememberedby succeeding generations.Resolved:—That we deem this a fit-

ting time to bring to the wives andmothers of our country the beautifulexample of fidelity as seen in the life

of the sainted companion of Mr. Gar-rison, who encouraged him in his workand proved herself a true helpmate,sending him in the midst of his dark-est hours while Sheltered in the jail

from the fury of an angry mob, themessage "I know my husband will notbetray his principles," this too, when ayoung wife and mother, surroundedby a little family that missed the lov-

ing presence of a devoted husbajid andfather.

Resolved:—That we urge thewives and mothers of our landto impress on the minds ofthe young people the lessons of moralcourage and adherence to good princi-

ples that shall prepare them for theduties of life; making them to standfor the Right at all times, and that weconsider it our duty to encourage themin their efforts by our renewed deter-mination to uplift the race with whomwe are identified.—until they shall

overcome all obstacles to success, andenjoy the rights that belong to everycitizen of the United States. Andfinally be it

Resolved: That we reconsecrateourselves to the great ideal of Free-dom, for which Garrison suffered im-prisonment and even risked his life

and reaffirm our belief in his methodof destroying evil by exposing its hide-ous nature and denouncing its perpe-trators, being as he was, "as harsh astruth and as uncompromising as jus-

<-'4 (^\K IHNDkKDI'HS ANNIVKRSARV

tice:" and, with millions of our fellows

m the new bondage of peonage and of

disfranchisement in the south, wepledge ourselves to seek their freedomthrough agitation, adopting as our

motto his words, "1 am in earnest; I

will not equivocate; I will not retreat

a single inch, and I will be heard."

Tlnii -Mr. William Lloyd Gairison,

.Ir.. a .uraiulson of the Abolitionist,

made a brief and witty speech whichdelighted the audience, especially his

reference to William Lloyd, the 4th.

Mr. \Vm. Lloyd Garison. Jr., said in

part:— It would be presumptuous in

n\(^ to attempt to speak after the mag-nificent and convincing oration of the

speaker of the evening. (Applause.)

This I do wish to say. All Garri-

sons love liberty. (Applause.) All

Garrisons are firmly convinced of the

certain advancement of the Coloredrace in America to its high destiny.

(Applause I. To give an earnest of mybelief in my tradition I want to tell

you that I have taken care to perpet-

uate the name of the man whoseanniversary you celebrate tonight in

perhaps the surest way. That nameis now borne by my 4-year-old boy(Laughter) who promises, judgingfrom his present activity to becomea greater agitator than even hisgreat grand sire.

At the conclusion of these re-

marks the ai)plause and mirth lastedseveral minutes and did not subsideuntil, on request, Mrs. Garrison, themother of the baby, stood up andwas seen.

The great crowd had remainedthough the hour was late. C. G. Mor-gan had declined to speak on that ac-count. Then came up a cry of "Hutch-inson," which showed what the audi-ence wanted. The venerable singerwas greeted with three rousing cheers.He made a brief speech, saying in

part:

Tlil.s is a sacred place to me. It hasbeen since 1S12. when we .iolned withthe abolitionists in their errand con-ventions In this place. Mr. Garrisonalways had some nolice in his i)aperwlwn wc were traveling over the coun-try. I reniember that one time in St.

I.,ouiK the mayor, after one of our con-certs Kuld. "You an' an abolitionist;you have no buslnes.s here; get out ofthe cHy. You will have no i)rotecti()n

here." and we h-ft In a hurry. Wewent straight Into Chicago where wewere received with o;icn arms. I re-

member in New Haven some slavesympathizers in the gallery hissed us.

My brother, Judson, rose deliberately

and said: "There are no snakes in Ire-

land, but there are some geese in

America."He told of an incident in England

when the Hutchinsons went to Eng-land with Frederick Douglass, andwhen he sat with them at the table.

Then he sang "The Car Emancipa-tion," which evoked much laughter,

being supported by his wife and son,

who .joined in the chorus.

The chairman of the committee ap-

pointed in the afternoon to see themayor reported that the wreath hadbeen restored.

Mr. Moses Newsome was thenasked by the chairman to speak, buttlie hour being late, and the audienceanxious to get away, he desisted, andRev. Byron Gunner pronounced thebenediction, after wkich SecretaryTrotter brought Mrs. Hudson to thefront of the stage and explained shewas once a fugitive slave, and was"presented" to Mr. Garrison at a Fan-euil hall anti-slavery meeting 50 yearsago.

Thus ended the greatest meeting of

Colored people in Boston since theEmancipation Proclamation and theenactment of the 15th amendment, in

the opinion of tlie old resiednts, andthe greatest celebration Boston Col-

ored people ever had.

The members of the Columbia Gleeclub who were present to sing were:Chas. A. E. Cuffee. Geo. B. O'Brien,John D. Allston, first tenors; J. E.

Lee, Chas. L. Wliite, Chas. Johnson,J. B. Waters, second tenors: Wm. H.

Richardson, Edw. Rollins, J. ShermanJones, Julius B. Goddard, first basses;Dr. I. L. Rol)erts, Wm. H. Hamilton,J. R. McClenney, second basses: J.

R. McClenney, musical director; Wm.H. Hamilton, manager.

The members of the Common-wealth band which rendered Such ex-

cellent music are: Wm. A. Smith, lead-

er: J. H. Barkley, R. Birch, Chas.Butcher, Joseph Bonner, D. W. Chest-nut. G. L. Cei)has, Joseph De Lyons,T. J. Hamilton. Wm. Howard. M.Hayes, .). E. .lolinson, .John Lee, treas-

urer. Chas. aiiepi)ard. Dr. Scott, B. S.

\« uite, L)!ther White, secretary, J. M.Grigsby, Chas. Thomas, John Cook,L. T. B. Howard. Thos. Bovell. W. B.

Murrell, C. F. Chandler, C. H. Bark-Uy, Jr.. Mr. Clay.

The Citizens Committee of the TwoHays Celebration

B«

The movement for a public observ-ance of the Centenary of Wm. LloydGarrison was first conceived and an-nounced by the Boston SuffrageLeague, at a meeting held in the roomsof the Charles Sumner Republicanclub, 634 Shawmut avenue, on Nov.29, 1904, at which time a committeewas ap])ointed. This made the Bos-ton movement the pioneer in thecountry. Nothing was done, however,till the next year, when at a meetingof the league, Oct. 17, 1905, held atthe same place, a new committee oftwelve memliers was appointed by thePresident, Rev. Wm. H. Scott, to ar-

range for a celebration and to seekthe co-operation of all the citizensof Greater Boston.The first meeting of the League's

Committee was held at the establish-

ment of Mr. J. A. Crawford, the chair-man, 894 Tremont street, Oct. 2oth,

1905, and subsequent meetings wereheld at the establishment of Mr. Chas.A. Seales, 626A Shawmut avenue. Thefirst meeting of the Citizens Commit-tee was held at Love and Charityhall, 1042 Tremont street, Sunday,Nov. 19, 1905, and was largely attend-ed, the use of the hall being donatedby the Brothers and Sisters of Loveand Charity, through the intercessionof Mr. Walter Thomas. Sub-commit-tees of the Citizens Committee wereappointed on Arrangements. Printing,Reception, Finance, Decoration, Music,Resolutions and Wreath.Meetings and adjourned meetings of

these sub-committees were held in theparlors of Mr. and Mrs. D. H. Miner.31 Holyoke street; Mr. and Mrs. Rob-ert Ransom, Ifi Holyoke street; Mrs.Lucy Groves, 389 Northampton street;

Dr. and Mrs. S. J. Fewell, 92 WestSpringfield street; Mr. and Mrs. Rob-ert Lee. 367 Northampton street;

Capt. and Mrs. Charles L. Mitchell, 24Sherman street, and Mrs. Arianna C.

Sparrow, 75 Camden street.

By invitation of the League's Com-m'ttee, the session at St. Monica'sHome, 125 Highland street, Mr. Garri-

son's homestead, was taken charge ofby St. .Monicas Aid Sewing Circle andSt. Monica's Relief Association; thesession at the Smith Court Syna-gogue (which i)lace was securedthro\igh the kind intercession of Mr.H. Crine of Brookline) by the BostonLiterary and Historical Associationand the St. Mark Musical and LiteraryUnion, and the morning session at Fan-euil Hall by the Colored Veteran As-sociations and Women's Clubs. Themeetings of this last committee wereheld in the parlors of Commander andMrs. A. Ditiuus, 67 Phillips street, andof Mrs. Hannah C. Smith, 371 North-ami)ton street.

The members of the Citizens Com-mittee by sub-committees were:

Committee of Arrangements

Mark It. DeMortie, Chaiinian. I'liilip

J. Allston. secretary, .1. K. Andrews.Joseph Butler, Albert Brown. ("apt.Geo. \V. Braxton. Wm. G. Butler. T. !:.

Bowser. V.. 10. Brown. George Betts. T. K.Bird. Stephen Brown. .1. W. Buchanan. S.

Boulware. Mrs. S. Bovilware. ^\. A. I'.land.

Simon Ball. Miss B.eulah I'.utlcr. Mrs. MaryBarnett. Henry BatchcldiM-. Mrs. IleurVBatchelder. Marshal! Bridgett. .1. A. ( raw-ford, F. K. Ghisholin, Mrs. Robt. GarterT. S. Calvin. Kdw. Christian. K. M. Clary,Mrs. I. H. Chapman. Ale.xander Gotten,Wm. H. Dupree, Mrs. K. Davenport. JamesKpps, I>. A. Kichelburge. Catherine Kreeman, George C. Freeman, A. J. I'oye. Mrs.A. J. Foye, Mr. Foye. Dr. Wm. H. (;ilbert.

Jesse Goode, W. O. Goodell, George S. Glov-er. Wm. N. Goode. Kobt. Ilemmings. Wm.H. Holden. I.. S. Hicks. W. V. Hare, W. A.Hemmingway. Mrs. W. A. Heramingway.M. F. Hamlin. Sam'l Jackson. "1". \'

. .lones.

A. V. Jones. I'dmund K. Jones, A. \V. Jor-dan, Mrs. Anni" Jenkins. Kugene A. Jack-son. Mr. Jackson. A. I*, .tones. Henr.v Junes.Mrs. Mary Johnson. Asa B. Kountze. Dr.Henry I>ewls. W. .M. l.ash. Dr. W. C. I.ane,

I'eter" I.attimore. John 1». Ludkins, W. W.Mercer, J. K. Martin, Mrs. .M. A. .McAdoo,Sam'l Merchant. Guy Outlaw, Wm. I'egram.(ieo. X. Kainey. Luke I-:. Heddick. WniKilev. U. A. IJidley. .Mrs. Mary Selden. UevM A. X. Shaw. Wm. 11. Smith, .Miss .MarvRichards, Rev. Wm. 11. Scott, Walter W.Sampson, Mr. and Mrs. Stephens. Walter J.

Stephens, Henry Sport. Louis F. Smith. W.C. Tucker. Mrs. Virginia Trotter. Henry A.Turner, Allen Thompson, S. Tasco. Mrs. W.n. Thomas. Miss R. F. Thompson. Sam'lWashington. J. C. Westmoreland. J. H.Walden. Milton Walker, X. B. Wentworth.J. H. Wolfe, Lewis IL Williams, Mr. and

60 OXK 111 XDKl'.D 111 \N\I\KKS.\k\'

Mrs. S. I'. Wllsiiu. J. S. liiiilty, Lniiis F.

IJalilwlu. .limit's \V. Cdiiutil. Jniues I'. .loliii

son. Franklin Furr. .Mrs. i". C. .Morgan.TUouias M<iif;nn. W. .\. Klilianlson, Mrs.IJ.iSftia Kotiinsi.ii. Mr. and .Mrs. S. Williamson. »;.... M. WriKlit. .Miss .\. I.. Antiicw s.

.I..si|iii l». Antriistint'. W. L. Itrown. .loscpli

r.ailfv. -Mrs. .1. W. Hrooks. Mrs. SanintlItnsli. .Mrs. .lanii's K. I'.anks. .Miss ICsd'lla

Itanks. .Mrs. Ka.li.'l .1. Urown. .Mrs. K.

r..iiiki'r. C. .M. IJoniicau. .lames I». I'.rum-

m.-ll. .Mr. and .Mrs. Harry C. Curnisli. Mr.and .Mrs. «'lia.s. U. fain. S. .1. Davis. Mrs.rnnrini'v itozlfr. .Mr. and .Mrs. WilliamI'lisii-r. ".Mrs. Z. I!. Fonniain. .Mrs. I'.stlicr

I'anlUnt'r. Horace J. (iiay. .Mr. and Mis,l.alKin ('. Hoiiscr. Mrs. .Iidui K. Kin;:.

.losi'idi S. Ki'iii|). .Mrs. Snsan 1,. Kt'iiip. .Mrs.

.Marv Kilif. Miss Willie Lewis. .Mrs. iMiniel

II. .Sliner. Mrs. I'inery T. .Morris. .Mrs. .Ma-

ri:i 1". .Mowl.ry. .Mrs. Fstlier I'ieree. WilliamI'arki-r. .Mrs.

" .lernsha F. Ito.ss. Mrs. (J. I,.

i;ol>in.->.>ii. .Mrs. Alice \'. Scoit. Mrs. LuieniaSiallloii. \V. F. Svkes. .Mrs. Nellie A. Stitli.

I>r. It. W. Slierrod. .Mrs. Mary .1. Selby.Mrs. .Inlia A. 'I'vnes. Mrs. Matilda Thomas..Mrs. i.. A Weston.

Corrmittee on Decoration.

Mrs. Katlierine Lee. C'liairman, S. 1).

Anderson. Jcdin Adams. Mrs. lOmily All-ston. Fred'k I',. Allston. Ilenrv Andersonr A. .\verett. W. II. Ileckptt. G. H. Book-er. Mr. and Mrs. S. K. Bishop. T. 1". Cole-man, Mrs. J. C. Chappelle. J. Cohen, Mrs.K. Coursey. J. <). Ciedle. .Mrs. .^nnie Chase,Mrs, iM'iimmond. .Mrs. W. II. Dupree. F, C.I'lckerson, H. F. Dymond. Mrs. Marv lian-drldpe. T. J. Kwlng. Mrs. L. L. Foy, KrnestFeutado. Mr. and Mrs. L I'. Fern. .IalIle^^

l-"ien« li. \\'. I'ilzKerald. Mrs. R. Fenney,Mr. Farnam. (L K. Fitzgiles. (i. H. (ireeh,.Mrs. M. Ciant. .L Guthrie. F. Gaston Hill,.1. U. Hamm. Mrs. Mary Howard. l-:rnestHolmes. i:rnest Hodges, J. T. Hardy, I'pterllanscombe. .Mrs. A. C. Hawthorne. AnnieI'. Harris. Sjrt. Homer. Mrs. (has. H. Hall.T.. N. Hl<ks. H. Henderson. Mr. and MrsW. L. Holly. I>. B. Harrell. Mrs. Hicks,Georce W. Johnson. George W. .Johnson. I{

.L Jones. J. S. Jenkins, .Mrs. Uachael John,sen. .Monroe Johnson. Mr. and Mrs. W. A.Johnston. Mrs. Joseph King. Warren King!Mrs. Louise Kcnswil. A. B. Lattimore. Mrs.Fannie Lonon, (Jeorge W. Lewis, W. F.Lewis. H. IL Johnson, John I.,eary. Mrs.Joseph Lee. Mrs. Marv Jackson," HarrvI.'-wis. Mrs. L. Loma.x. ".Mrs. (J. H. Lvnch..Andrew 15. Lattimore, M. J. Morris. AlfredNfathlns. 1{. J. Morris. J. Monroe. Isaac Manue:, Mrs. F.. Marstellar, Mrs. G. C. Mavnard,Henry Murray, Z. Moodv. W. IL Mclnllre.H. .M. Murray. K. .S. Melvln, S. McKlnnev,J I", .Nelson. W. G. Norrls, J. F. (CBrlen,W S, Fatrlrk. Mrs. B. I'erkins, Mrs. Klch-nrdson. J. I'eake, S. I'erkins. Mrs. Ivdith LI'lle. .1. Uowlv, W. Uussell. NUss SnRie K. Hayniond. W. IL Richardson, NIchoIns Rlione. Rr.Kwell Roles. Mr. Alias Skinn-r. W. S. Sparrow. W. IL Siirrev. T. GS.-hu.vler. Mth. J. Fills Shaw, John RSuggM. Tliomas W. Swan, W. B. Smith. J.I> Sheldln. L. SpotlHwood, J. Sanchez, V..

Shnrp Walter Thomas, T. Thomas, Mr.rind .MrH. A. B. Tavlor. W. W. lavlor. Mrs.Fannie Taylor. B. Tlnslev. .Miss Susie I'pton,.^frH. KIlznlM-th Wilson. "B. F. Washington,«{. F.. WIInou. a. W. Wood. F. S. G. Wright,A. J. While. W. Walklns, W. Walker. S.', Wood. Wm. M. Wilkes. James H. West,^IlIcK Whlinev. W. IL Wilson. Harry I'.

WjUi.n. F. WhlttBker. .Mrs. Sarah Wright.A. White. W. S. WllH<in, Alex Voung. JohnAllNton. Kddle ArniHlead, .Mrs. Rosa II

n.uiicn. James (I. Havis. A. L. L'dwards.i:iiiui F. Furey. Kicliaid .lones, Wm. JLindNay. .Mrs. Fannie .Marable. G. B. McKcnzic. -Mrs. .Mary J. Mercer. W. S. I'riceC. C. Felham, L. J. (juarles. I'. S. Sjiencer!-Mrs. c; -gie Simmons. W. 11. I'. ThornIon, .1. L. Wedger. T. J. Williams.

Resolutions Committse.T. 1*. Taylor, chairman, J. W. Hill, sec-

retary, W. Allston. Fsq., .Mrs. Agnes Adams,J. Henderson .-VlLsion. Mrs. Octavia J. Arm'siead. William o. Armstrong, J. 11. Bryant,Rohert W. Brown, .Montague Burley, i). \vBates. M. It. Browne, K. D. Blown, DrK. I'. Brown. .Miss Maria L. Baldwin, J. R.Bourne. William (J. Butler. Gertrude Bakeri.\iiliur Bodene. W. Stanley liraithwaite!ihrisiopher Brainim. W. 11. Baliim. W. S.t'arpenter. Oliver R. Crump, Robert F.Coursey. David Crawford. Lee M. Carrington. Dr. W. A. Cox, Mrs. K. 10. Casneau.W. Chapman. George I'. LJabney, C. S.Di.Kon. Rev. .L II. Duckery. I'hilip L)owning. J. 11. Kdwards, Dr. S. C. Fuller, Leon-ard Ford. J. Wesley Furlong. Dr. GeorgeF. (Jrani. .M. Goolsliy. .Miss Kliza Gardner,Horace (Iray, Jr., William B. (Jould. SrFred J. Ileminings, J. C. Holmes, WilliamH, Hardy, Andrew C. Hall, Rev. JohnsonHill, Mrs. Addie Jewell. W. Hall Jackson.Rev. W. D. Johnson, Charles King, James.\. Lew. John T. Morris, Charles MainjoyLawrence C. Miller, D. IL Milligan, Gran-ville .Martin, J. 11. MacKenzie, \. B. Mar-shall. J. F. .McKenney, Emery T. MorrisC. (L Morgan. Moses Newsome. WillianiPleasant. Mr. I'egiam. Flmer I'oyer. C. IIFierce. Freeman A. I'erkins. Dr. T. W. Pat-rick. Raymond L. Phillips. (J. w. italin,William T. Ritchie. S. P. Randall. ClarenceRobinson. Henry Rurtin, Dr. II. W. RossMrs. F. R. Ridley, S. R. Rhone, Rev. A. k!Si)earman. Mr. Seco, Mrs. Hannah Smith,M'ss Hattio Smith. Thomas C. Scottron'J. B. Stokes. Rev. P. T. Staniford. Mrs. a'Sparrow. A. H. Scales. Kdward Slater. Mrs.Susie Kinff Ta.v.-ir. William Tarbv. MaudeTrotter. B. R. Wilson. Esq.. Rev. J. I!.

^^ilev. William IL Wilson. Rev. David K.Wallace. Beniamin Washington. W. •>,

West. Cant. William J. Williams. Mr. West,Mrs. Jessie Weymnn

Committee on Finance.Dr. S. J. Fewell. Chairman. C. R. Sheler.

Sccreiary. .Mrs. (leorgie Augustine. .lolinBanks. J. A. Brown. C. S. Brown. Wm. A,Bemberg. Jas. i:. Binns. James F. Banks.H, IL O. Burwell. Rev. J. 1). Bloice, Mrs.Matthew Banks, Rev. W. II. Burrell. C. II.

Crawford. Rev. S. A. Carrington, A, J.Gurry. A. Grumpier. R. J. Co.x. J. II.

Chandler Rev. S. J. Comfort, John Charles-Ion. Mrs. David Chestnut. Squire Clark..Miss .\nnie Chapman, R. Crawford, Mrs. J.W'. Council. Lulher Dandridge. G. W. Da-vis. W. H. Davis. .Miss Dianicmd. Wm. Daw-kins. W. IL Davis. Washington Diggs, J.IL Dugger. Mr. Joseph Dorscv. Mrs. MaryDun.son. A. II. Di.xon. Mrs. "Mar-' Daven-"ort. .las. A. Devine. I-'dw. A. Ditni ts. K. R.Del g. A. L. Fove. .Mrs. Chariot le France..Mr. A. J. FassPit, Rev. B. W. Farrls, Pompey C.ray, Theodore (iould. Geo. W. Gray,.lames L. Green. James IL Gardner. Mrs.A. .\. Grant. Mrs. Martha Green, I'. W.Holmes. S. B. HIggins. Rev. Jesse Harrell,T. .1. Hamilton. Rev. M. L. Harvey. Rev.i:. S. nation. J. l''rancls Ilenrv, James ILHawkins. Frank Ilevwood. Gilb;M-t C. Har-ris. S. p Ihitc'hinson. Frank Hill.Mrs. .Mary .lames. Miss .Mice James. Wm.

BIR'I'H Ol' WILLIAM LL()\|) (;\kRlS()\ 67

Jones, Theodore Jennings, John Juhnson,r,owman B. Johnson, Mrs. A. W. Jordan,IVIrs. Mary Johnson. J. II. KinR, JosephKins:. Walter King:. II. A. Kenswil, WilliamR. Kimball, W. II. King, Wm. C. Lovett,Marli ('. Loudon, G. A. Logman, T. F.Marlow, Mrs. Kffie Miller, Mrs. S. L. Mon-roe. Charles K. Woodest, G. W\ Morris,rani Monroe. Geo. W. Mullen. Agnes Mc-Caine, Albert McXeil, F. L. Mitchell, Mrs.Kate Monroe, Mrs. IClnora Modeste, H.Mayers, W. S. Moore, Miss Elizabeth Old-royd, J. A. Phinney, Mrs. Albert I'arham,Mr. C. Tarlier, Mrs. C. Parlcer, William II.

I'ryor. liev. L. C. Parrish, Mrs. U. C. Ran-som, Dr. I. L. Roberts. Mrs. Mary Russell,Sergt. Robinson, J. R. Ransom, W. II. Rob-inson, Krslvin Roberts, George L. Robinson,Xaney Reddicl<, Mrs. Emma Spiller, J. KShaw, Reuben Stephens, Fred A. Smith,Rev. F. G. Snelson. Mrs. Henry Sport,Robt. G. Smith, C. R. Sheler, J. 11. Saun-ders. A. K. Trusty, Mrs. F. Tarby. George!•'. Thompson, .Mrs. Elmer Thomas, C. W.Whaley, Mrs. II. Waddell. S. E. Wood.Samuel Winningham, ^Mrs. Sarah B. West,J. W. Williams, Robert L. Whitfleld, MarthaWhite, C. W. M. Williams, Mrs. M. A.Woodest. Henry Batum, Steward E. Hoyt,.\. A. Kiuer, C. B. Manuel, Arthur B'Juarles, John H. Taylor.

Committee on Music.

Julius B. Goddaiu, cnairman. J. M. Ar-buckle, J. F. Anderson, C. T. Bovell, G. H.Barnett, Miss Mary Demby, John D. Dowse,Madam Corbin David, Henry Dixon, G. E.Edmead, Lovett Groves, Miss MarjorieGroves, Mrs. Eva Roosa Hutchins. W. li.

Hamilton. Mrs. W. H. Hamilton, Mrs. MaudCuney Hare, J. Sherman Jones, BenjaminJaney, Miss Georgetta Johnston. Miss Gene-vieve Lee, Irving Y. Langston. WaymanJelTerson, Mrs. Rachel Johnson, Charles H.Johnson, Miss Daisy Jones, James E. Lee.J. R. MeCIenney, James H. Moore, J. Shel-ton Pollen, Antonio I'ortuondo, Prof. JohnF. Ransom. George L. Rufhn. Mrs. NicholasRhone, Wm. II. Richardson, J. PattersonRollins. Mrs. J. Patterson Rollins, SpencerRilev. Mrs. Carrie Bland Sheler, Miss Elean-ora Smith. T. Wilcott Swan, Jr., W. ASmith, Chas. Sport, Mrs. Adelaide SmithTerry, Garfield Tarrant, Miss Rachel M.Washington. Prof. Fred P. White, W. H.Wooten, Miss Georgietta Woodest, EugeneWilliams. C. F. White. C. E. Wheeler, Mrs.Phof'bo (ilover. Miss Georgine Glover. Mi-s.

Lillian Reynolds-Ray, Mrs. (J. C. Harris.

Committee on Printing.

Pauline E. Hopkins, chairman. Dr.C. G. Steward, secretary, J. C. An-drews. James Anderson, Mr. George Brax-ton. M. B. Brooks. John Bumgardner, Geo.H. Banks, W. H. Burns. H. A. Brown, Esq.,Mrs. Cynthia Barnes, Eldridge Baker. MisaLillv Brown. Walden Banks. Mrs. OliviaWard Bush. J. O. Crosswhite, BernardCharles, James Canada, Mrs. Ellen M. Cot-ten, L. W. Carter, George R. Crawford,F. Cooper, Bud Cummings. Eugene Clark,Albert Leroy Curtis, Charles Chapman. H.I". Dugan. Samuel L. Davenport, George P.

Dabney, Lattimore Duncan. Geo. H. Drum-mond, James E. Ebron, Mrs. E. Feutado,Charles P. Ford, A. Francis. Henry J. Faison, Leo Felts, E. & E. Gould, W. O. Green,W. B. Gould, Jr., David M. Green, SamuelM. Garrett, Samuel Griffin. Dr. John BHall, Chas. E. Hall. Mrs. M. C. Hail, MrsM. E. Harding, Basil F. Hutchins, MrsJesse Harrell. M. R. Jackson, Dr. T. J

Jones, Mr. Johnson, Thomas D. Johnson,

Robert -M. Johnson. Mrs. S. A. Jackson,.1. It. King. Joseph R. Kl.-bl.-. William Liv-ingston. Robert !;. Lee. B. S. I.obnm. Geo.C. Lewis, Robert P. Lewis. IMinond Ix-wls,Miss l-',va Lewis, Andrew G. Lee, SaniiieiMcCov. Charles P. .Morris. Clarence .Mc-Kay. Herbert Modest, W. T. II. .Miller.Lewis P. .Morris. Jos. M.-GUl. .MrH. .Mary.Newsonie. J. J. .Mihols. .Miss Marv Only,Mrs. C. Parrish, J. Ilolman Prvor. \villlamPerry. .Mrs. Annie Phillips. Lu.y E. Prlt<h-ard. Mrs. Marv Potter, Preston .M. I'ero-

vast. r. S. I';)well. Miss i:ila Randolph.Mrs. William L. Reed. R. L. Rullln. I). A.Roberts, lulward Rhone, Charles Rldiarrl-son. Mr. Robert Ransom, Mrs. Robert Ran-Bom, Alexander Robinson. Mrs. .lolin Smith,Chas. L. Smilh, Thomas Scottron, FrankSmith. Miss Josephine Seidell. W. II. Seolt.C. J. Shepard. I'earl C. Scottron, ClarenceJ. Smith, Ciiarles II. Seales. T. «;. Schuvler,Dr. Charles G. Steward. Mrs. W. .M. Trot-ter, T. G. Tvnes. John Thornton. W. HTurner, R. D. White. Miss .Nellie Wilson,George W. Washington. Charles Wilson, K.C. Wilson. Mrs. Virginia Woods. .VrthurWoodest, Mrs. F. Williams, Jacob L. Whit-man. Mrs. Mary V. Wood. H. J. Williams,Miss Mattie Wiglall. \\illiani Washington,H. A. Walker, John Wilkinson. Mrs. CarrieWormley, Mrs. Maggie Williams.

Committee on Reception.

Madam M. Cravat h Simpson, chulrinan,Mrs. Charles A. King, secretiiry, An-drew Atkinson, Frederick Atkinson. .1. !•;

Anderson. John E. Ayer, Mrs. Philip AU-ston, Mrs. J. R. Andrews. C. II. Adams,Mrs. C. II. Adams. E. J. Arciier, Mrs. E. J.

Archer, P. L. Brooks. Mrs. I*. L. Brooks.Mrs. Cvnthia Barnes. Mrs. i;ilza Ben-jamin, W. O. Budd. Mrs. W. O. Budd,Mrs. Luella Briggs, Charles 11. Ball,

William Ball. Barry Blakeney, Mrs.1:. Banks. Miss R. Barbadoes, R. <).

Bernard, James Bonner. Mrs. James Bon-ner. S. E. Bishop, Mrs. S. E. Bishop. RobertT. Blackman, Mrs. H. Bishop. Joseph Bar-nett, Spurgeon Bell. William E. P.atum,Mrs. Carrie Bodene, Mrs. W. Stanley Braith-walte, John Barrows, Edw. Barrows. JohnBrooks, Samuel H. Bush. Frederick Borden.W. H. Bowen. Mrs. Mary E. Bennett, (ieo.

Benders, J. A. Bell. Mrs. Martha Bland.Mrs. J. Barnett, Mrs. F. A. Barker. OrSamuel E. Courtney. Mrs. J. Cohen. Mrs.William Cromwell. R. E. Crusenberry, Mrs.1:. Caution. A. J. Cord. W. Chapman. .Mrs.

(ieorge Crawford. W. II. Colley. Mrs. DavidCrawford, Mrs. Frank R. Chlsholm, .Mrs.

John Council. Mrs. J. O. Crosswhite, Mrs.Campbell. J. Chlsholm. R. L. Carter, E. LDavis, (i. W. Dennis. John II. Dorsey, Reu.ben Davis, John W. Douglass, Iianiel L)owning, Mrs. Delia Evans, Robert Ferguson,.Mrs. Robert Ferguson. Mr. Flood, Miss M.10 Fletcher, W. C. Fessendeu. i'harles

Ford, Oscar Fitzwater, Zachariah R. Foun-tain, Miss Ida Gross, Mrs. Lucy Grove.s,

Mrs. George S. Glover, W. H. Gordon. E.

W. (Joode. Jacob Green. William H. Goode,C H Garnish. Henrv (Jibsou. Mrs. Dorallemmings. Mrs. J. O. Ilenson. Mrs. Hardy,F. C. Henderson. Frederick S. Hamilton.

G. A. Hopkins, Simon J. Hall. Jordan Hill,

Mrs. William Haywood. Mr. Harris. GeorgeIlenson. Mrs. Irene Jurix. Mrs. Jackson,

B. F. Jackson. Julius -V. Jordan. Mrs. R. J.

Jones. Mrs. Rachel Jenkins, .Mrs. GeorgeJackson. Col. B. J. Jackson. Mrs. .N. L.

Johnson, Mrs. Charles A. King. BeuJ. F.

Kettler. Wesley W. Kennedy, .Mrs. Sue So-

mas. John Long. Charles E. Legette. Mrs.

Lucy Lewis. Mrs. L. Lomax, J. L. Lasslter.

68 ONK lllNDKI- Dm A.WIVKRSARV

lldvvard Lewis. Mrs. i:dwaid Lewis, 1'. VMni-shall, «;. A. J. Murray. Mrs. F. L.

Mltthell. Lewis l\ .Mlddletown. Charles Mf-("re* M". and Mrs. C 15. Moore. Sol. L.

Martin. C. K. .Martin. Vbtm. II. Moore. Mrs.I'aiil .Monroe. (;eorge Marshall. J. H. Me-Ken/.ic. A. W. Nelstvn. 'rin>nias .\elsnii. MissK. •>. .Neat. L. K. I'asio. .1. rinkney. Mrs.J. rinknev. Mrs. T. H. I'almer. Tllnrius <;.

rhillliis. .Mrs. \V. I., ratrick. A. -\. I'ort

lock. It. A. Kussell. .Mrs. rornelia Koblnson,Ceor^i' Hahii. .Mrs. (leorjie Uahn, Miss Manile Kohliison. .Miss Clara Kobinsun, MrsJ. H. Kan.M.m. Mrs. J. St. 1". Uutlin. ScottKi>blnson. Virgil Ukhardson. C. P. Russell,William Shields. J. IMlls Shaw, Miss Min-ute Smith. .Miss C. H. Stanford, Mrs. F. G.Snelsoii. .lohn Shiner. Amos Spencer, GeoSimpson. Mrs. l^mma A. Smith, Jas. K. G.Swan. .Mrs. .1. K. Stubbs, Arthur Sharp,.Mrs J. II. Saunders. W. A. Sears, Alice B.Smith. Henry Smith. E. Saunders, JacksonStovall. Mr. and .Mrs. Hubert Steward. Mrs..1. v.. Shaw. .1. 1^. Stephens. Frank Smith,.Mr. and Mrs. K. L. Smith, L H. Scott.

.Miss D. Stewart, Miss Florence Stewart.Mrs. Mary K. Townes. William K. TurnerW. II. Turner. K. L. Thomas. Mrs. J. CThomas, .lames Tucker. .Miss Bessie VTrotter. Lewis Terrv, -Mrs. Jennie Turner.1. II. Van ClitT. ^rl•s. Vick. W. II. Valentine, IaiuIs C. Woods, Joseph W. YoungerMrs. W. Walker. .Mrs. \\illiani WashingtonMrs. .lohn 1'. Waters. John .M. Wentworth,Miss Isabel Walker, C. W. Whallev. MrsM. Wilkerson. Hall Williams. Mrs." J. WWilliams. J. W. White. C. J. Wright, MrsMilion Walker. Edward Wallace, Mrs. Mari^arei Williams. .Mrs. Rosetta Warmack

Willis. Mrs. A. W. Young. Mrs. Rob^(lUll|J;. .Mr. and .Mrs. .lohn I'.ankheadand .Mrs. Waller Itrown, .Mrs. l^mmaer. Geo. L. Dandridge. .Miss Ella Da.Mrs. i:mina llorion. Geo. S. Ilobsonlam I-'., llarvev. Mrs. C. S. Harrington

J. E. Jeffiies. .Mrs. M. A. Johnson\. Russell, .\rchie Shaw. II. C. Simp

son. Mrs. Hat lie Washington. Henry Wilson, Mrs. .\ . I'liillips. Miss ('. WilliamsonMiss .M. E. Townscnii. Mrs. .Mary E. Roosa

.Mrs.crl

Mr.r.utvis.

WilMrsU.

-^vr\5^^M^^^Jpvrv^---

Auxiliary Church Celebrations, Sun=day, December 10th, 1905

Held in response to Appeal to Clergymen by Boston

Suffrage League Committee

The citizens celebration had nosessions Snnday night, which timewas i)ur!)oseIy left for each churchto hold a Garrison celebration of its

own. The part taken by the BostonSuiTrage league in these Sunday even-ing services consisted in issuing thefollowing "ADueal to the Clergymenof the United States for Garrison'sCentenary.""To the clergymen of New England

and of the United States:—The un-dersigned, a sub-committee of theGarrison Centenary committee of theSuffrage League of Boston and vicin-

ity, under whose auspices a celebra-tion is to be held in Boston on Decem-ber 10 and 11, believing WilliamLloyd Garrison to be one of the nob-lest characters in our country's his-

tory and one of its greatest benefac-tors, as well as one of the world'sgreatest moral agitators, earnestlypetition you to take cognizance of the100th birthday of this great Americanon Sunday, Dec. 10.

"As representatives of that ele-

ment, for whose fi'eedom Garrisongave the best efforts of his life withsuch success, we appeal to you to

utilize this occa.sion to aroi'.se theAmerican people to a sense of theenormity of the present evil of Ne-gro-American serfdom through thenullification of those amendments to

the constitution which are the dearlybought fruits of the war for freedom,and to start a second Garrisonianmovement to abolish Negro-Americanselfdom in this land as the first Gar-

rison movement abolished Negro-American chattel slavery in the past,

that it may be in very truth the 'land

of the free.'"

(Signed)EMORY T. MORRIS. Cambrid-e,REV. WM. H. SCOTT, Woburn.CHAS. H. HALL, Cambridge,

Committee.

This appt-al was widely disseminat-ed and bore fruit many miles fromBoston. In Greater Boston it wasacce])ted and acted upon with cele-brations on Sunday night, Dec. 10,by the Twelfth Baptist church, CharlesStreet A. M. E., St. Paul Baptist,Morning Star Baptist, Calvary Baj)-

tist of Boston, the Union Baptist ofCambridge, Centre Street Bai)tist of

Maiden, Zion Baptist of Lynn, ShilohBaptist of Everett and others.Abridged accounts of such of these ascould be secured by the committeeare here given as they were auxiliaryto, and in that sense a part of, thecitizens' celebration.

AT TWELFTH BAPTIST CHURCH,PHILLIPS STREET, BOSTON.

A Garrison Centennial meeting, aux-iliary to the Citizens' meeting washeld at the Twelfth Baptist church, onPhillips street of which Rev. M. A. N.Shaw is pastor, Sunday night, Dec. 10,

in response to the appeal of the BostonSuffrage League. It was a notablemeeting, among the speakers beingMrs. Lucia Ames Mead. Rev. CharlesF. Dole, president of the TwentiethCentury Club, Rev. Francis G. Rich-ardson, registrar of the Boston Uni-versity School of Medicine, John R.

Murphy, Esq., Speaker Louis A. FYoth-ingham of the Massachusetts House of

Representatives, and Mr. William L.

Reed, executive messenger to the

governor. The musical program waselaborate, consisting of an augmentedchorus, a quartet and solos. Mrs.

Ames was presented with a bouquetof cut flowers by Miss Josephine Sel-

den of the church who made a neat

speech of presentation.

Rev. Shaw opened with an eloquent

tribute to Garrison who used to speak

from that same pulpit. He spoke of

().\K 111 -XDRKDlll A.\M\ KRSARV

tJarrisuiis reliance on Incessant agita-

tion of wrongs to get rid of tlieni.

.Mrs. Ames eulogized Garrijron as a

man of ilean life and of great adher-enie lo principle, a great moral hero.

She then dwelt upon the need of ap-plying the spirit of Garrison to thereform of present day evils, especial-

ly that of corrupt city politics, advis-ing all to vote for Mr. FrotJiingham.

Hon. John R. Murphy spoke veryelocpiently on Mr. Garrison. He knewWendell Phillips personally and of entalked with him about the anti-slav-

ery cause. He said that the originalconception of the plan to destroy slav-

ery was Garrison's though othersworked in the cause. Referring to

the fact that slavery was abolished bywar he said that while he did not be-lieve bloodshed was always necessaryto reform yet it was a weak cause thiHwas no* worth dying for. (Applause.)He said that he foresaw the early

coming of the ideal of fraternity andthat it would come from espousal ofthe ideal of Americanism uncler whichlines of race, color and creed -wouldvanish. America was made up of all

races, colors and creeds."You have done your share," said

the speaker, "in all the wars that havesaved and upbuilt and made gloriousthe country, and shoulder to shoulderwith your white fellow citizens youwill contribute to all its victories injieace." (Applause.)Mr. William L. Reed, executive mes-

senger to the governor referred to

the great meeting at the Smith CourtSynagogue as giving him inspiration.He said he enjoyed the remarks of Mr.Murphy as those of a man belonginglo another race that had been perse-luted in this country but had forgedto the front. He spoKe of some speak-er at the L'Oth Century club who saidGarrison lacked wholly commonsensein Ills methods of trying to free theslaves. Mr. Reed said that was thetrouble with the public today. Anyman who said peonage was slavery,disfrandiisement serfdom and whocensured i)ublic oflicials for ignoringthe gr<*ai principle would i)c consid-»*red "Indiscreet."

'Iln' pa-stor, after remarking thatIm;1Ii1(h In the sense of good citizen-Hhip had a rightful i)lace in the church,a remark caused by the arrival ofSpeaker Froth Ingham, introducedwith an extraordinary tribute I'rof.

Frank ('. Hicli.irdsou. Rr'gi.sirar of tlii'

Boston University School of Medicine.Prof. Richardson delivered a notableaddress. He said in part:

Of the many lessons to be learnedfrom a contemplation or the careerof William l.loyd Garrison, none to

ray mind constitute a more pr<;cioi:s

heritage to your race than the s-elf-

culture, independent thought andsteadfastness of purpose which his Kfcexemplified.Reared in poverty, an errand boy,

a wood sawyer, a printer's apprentice,with scarcely a common school edu-cation as we understand it today, byhis own effort he cultivated his re.i-

soning faculty, and his powers of ex-pression till he raised himself to

heights from which his voice wal^

heard around the world. By his inde-pendence of thought and steadfastnessof purpose he came to be a leader of

men—the emancipator of a race andswayed a nation's destiny.

Edison once said that genius was 2

percent genius and 98 percent hardwork.So it is with our accomplishment

—

while something may be due to naturalability, far more is the result of ear-

nest effort. It is well to rememberthat there can be no actual equalityamong men. Every man's future de-pends upon himself. It is well tVr

you to remember that the equal rightswhich William Lloyd Garrison labor-ed so earnestly for years to obtainare the rights and opportunities equalto those of every other man, to storeyour mind with knowledge; to culti-

vate the habit of independent thoughtto upbuild your character to its rich-

est, fullest fruition until you shall

have won the admiration and respectof the world.

It has been said in criticism of yo Trace that yo>i are emotional. 1 wouldnot have you otherwise. He who hasno strength of emotion, no passion of

sorrow or of joy is far removed fromthe ideal of manhood, but see to it

that your emotion is governed by self-

control; is tempered by the light ofreason.

If has been said of you that you aremerely imitative. What more. I ask,

could have been reasonably expectedof you (luring the past years of yourmental awakening? To the lasting

credit of your race be it said that theexamples you have followed havemore often than otherwise been of

the best—your ideals the highest.

BIRTH Ol' WII.I.IAM l,l.()\l) (iXKRlSOX 7'

You have passed through the stageof mere imitation—you have learne I

to think—to reason. The time is nowat hand for you to originate, to freatc.Whatever your wallv of life it sho ild

be your ambition and steadfast pur-pose to be not only the equal of othersbut the best in your particular iield.

The women should strive for excel-lence in domestic arts and shoild cul-tivate those refinements for which thework-a-day life of the man leaves himno time, but which through woman'sinfluence rescues the world from brut-ishness.The man should enter the competi-

tion of life with the determination to

do his best, but to play the gamesquare to the end, never swerving onejot from the straight path of honorand truth as revealed to him by thelight of his reason. Let him makehonest and fearless inquiry in all

things, prove all things and hold fast

that which is good."Thank God, the past is not the

present. For its opportunities anddeeds we are not responsible. It is for

us to discharge the high duties thatdevolve on us, and carry our wave on-ward. To be no better, no greaterthan the past, is to be little and fool-

ish and bad: it is to misapply noblemeans, to sacrifice glorious opportuni-ties for the performance of sublimedeeds, to become cumberers of thet round."Rev. Shaw introduced Mr. Frothing-

ham not as candidate for mayor butas Speaker of the House. Mr. Froth-ingham eulogized Garrison and pro-

phesied the doing away with race lines

in the future. He declared the Color-ed people could now start a new era

with, in Massachusetts at least, thebest blood of the country with them.

Rev. Charles F. Dole, president of

the Twentieth Century Club after in-

terjecting that he hoped Mr. Froth-ingham would be elected, said thequestion was whether from all thesr"

Garrison celebrations over the countrythere would be any result in the peo-

ple living up to Garrison ideals. Hesaid the great question was the iro-portion of the beautiful qualities in

the Colored race, it being admittedthese qualities were possessed by the

race.

Beside the large chorus under Prof.

McClenny, there was a selection bythe Crescent Male Quartet and a solo

by Miss Maybelle Grant, accompaniedon the or:ran bv Prof. Fred White.

The audience was an unusually largeone filling the galleries us wt-ll as thefloor.

AT CHARLES ST. A. M. E. CHURCH,CHARLES ST.. BOSTON.

An immense crowd, Suiidav nisht,I)acke(l the large auditorium ofCharles Street church and filled thegalleries, the special feature of theevening's service bciuii the Garrisoncentenary meeting, arranged in re-sponse to the appeal to the clery of theBoston Suffrage league. Mr. OswaldGarrison Villard of the New YorkEvening Post, grandson of the greatemancipator, had acceDted an invita-tion to come on from Now York, andattend this meeting, and Mrs. MaryChurch Terrell, who had electrified ii

large audience the Fridav uight be-fore, the greatest woman speaker ofher race, had been announced tospeak, with others, in eulo:^y of theman whose 100th birthday the Coloredpeople of the city were celebrating.The choir under the leadershii) of thechorister, Mi-. J. Sherman .Jones, fur-nished excellent music throughout theevening. The pastor. Rev. Reverdy C.Ransom, in introducing as the first

speaker, Mr. Villard, spoke of thepleasure it had given him to invite Mr.Villard and of his great joy in receiv-ing the latter's acceptance to honorthe occasion by his presence.

Mr. Villard said that it had not beenthe intention of any member of thefamily to speak at any of the variousmeetings held in honor of his grand-father, but that since the rule hadbeen violated by Mr. Francis Garrisonat the Joy street meeting in the after-

noon, he felt free to express at least

his thanks to the Colored people ofBoston for the manner in which theyhad honored his grandfather. He hadcome with no set SDeech. It was dif-

ficult, he said, to express the praisethat was due Mr. Garrison's great andnoble life without a seeming indeli-

cacy because of the relationship. Butif he were here today he would saynot to honor him. but the noble bandof heroes that sui)ported him, and not

to think of the personalities, but of

the cause and its triumphs, and let it

be an inspiration. Mr. Garrison wasa man of peace and triumphed bymethods of peace and not of violence.

To him it was given, too, to see him-self the success of the cause whichfew expected to see triumph in less

12 ONK UlNDRKDrH A \ X I V KKSA R V

than a century. "Therein," continued

the speaker, "lies inspiration to us all,

to continue to fight the battle of right-

eousness not only here, but whereverhuman beings the world over are be-

ing opF)ressed. In Garrison's spirit I

urge you to courage and faith as

you look into the future. No one ever

saw Garrison downcast. When he de-

cided the anti-slavery forces should

organize only 15 gathered together,

and when he proposed that in the

platform of the new society should be

the clause calling for immediate eman-cipation, three of his dearest friends

walked o ;t. the only ones who could

donate a hundred dollars to the cause

and not be embarrassed. Yet in a fewyears SOO societies and the national

anti-slavery society had been formed.

What a lesson for us when we look

into the future, when stumbling blocks

are put in the way of justice! Therewas a cav.so which seemed hopelesstriumphing, which showed that Garri-

son possessed divine forethought, andthat the cayse had supporters. Re-

member tbeae things when you are

discouraged, and put into your worksome of that indomitable spirit, someof that righteousness that was Garri-

son's.'"

Mr. E. E. Brown next spoke in elo-

quent terms of eulogy of Garrison. Hethought no man more fitting to re-

ceive the Negro's love and respect

than Garrison, the great emancipatorand liberator of a people, and uncom-promising defender of their ri2:hts,

from whose life should be derived thelessons of fearless and dauntless cour-

age in the face of trials and difficul-

ties. He spoke of the great scone of

the broadcloth mob, and of the occa-

sion that enlisted Wendell Phillips to

the cause of freedom, and lamentedthe dearth of men of the stamp of

Garrison and Phillips and Andrews.

Mrs. Glendower Evans, who is anagitator for clean politics, said thatIt was a tremendous occasion to cele-

brate the life of so great a man, andle^rc'tted that though we thought of

the deeds of the past we did not live

up to them. She sitoke of the cor-

ruption in municipal politics and ex-

horted all to help remove the evils.

The pastor introduced the nextspeaker, Mr M, It, DeMortie. as onewho had himself worki-rl in the antl-

Hluvory cause. Mr. DeMortie beganhis address, which was teeming withIntereHtlng historical statements of

the anti-slavery times, by remarking

that the very choir which had ren-

dered such beautiful music spokethrough and was a tribute to Mr. Gar-rison, because through him was madepossible the opportunity to sing. Mr.De.Mortie then told of the work of theabolitionists of his own i)articipation

and aroused much interest by exhibit-

ing copies of The Liberator. His eul-

ogy of Mr. Garrison and his coadjutorswas very impressive. He spoke of the12 men who formed the anti-slaverysociety in the old Baptist churchin Joy street, as the 12 apostles of

freedom; he mentioned the names of

the abolitionists, of Wm. C. Nell, whogot inspiration from Crispus Attucks'life, and began agitating for a monu-ment to Attucks, and was moved also

to agitate for mixed schools in Bos-

ton. In the course of Mr. De Mortie's

remarks he spoke of a man presentwho saved Phillips from the mob, andwhen the pastor called for the man to

rise, Mr. T. P. Taylor arose, and re-

ceived the plaudits of the audienca.

The last speaker was Mrs. MaryCl)urch Terrell, who stirred the audi-

ence by her recital of the wrongs per-

petrated on the Negroes today. Shepainted a vivid and awful j)icture of

the chain gang, the convict lease sys-

tem, Ivnch law and all the horrors of

southern brutality, and declared that

the atrocities in America went far

beyond the murders of the Rusisan•lews, and that though maltreated, the

Jews' social status was always supe-

rior to that of the Negro in the UnitedStates. She longed for another W. L.

Garrison as needed now as in the daysof slavery to start such an agitation

that would emancipate the race today

from its awful thraldom. Mrs. Ter-

rell's speech was a masterly effort,

showing a deep acquaintance with the

subject, and full of long quotations

from Garrison's sayings and letters.

The audience was loud and long in

its api)lause.With Mrs. Terrell's address, after

singing by the choir, the memorableevent came to an end.

AT. ST. PAUL BAPTIST CHURCH.CAMDEN STREET. BOSTON.

In si)ite of the stormy weather, a

ureal audience assembled in the St.

Paul Baptist church Sunday night Dec.

loth, in resi)onse to the call of the

Boston Suffrai'e league, to celebrate

the f)ne hundredth birth<lav of that

matchless hero, William Llovd Garri-

IJlKl'll Ol' \V1LI,1.\M I,l.()\l) CAKklSON 73

son. The speakers were most enthu-siatically received. The servicesopened at 7.30 with a sacred solo bythe organist, Miss L. Hill. The pastor,

Dr. B. W. Farris, then arose and in

a brief and timely speech, introducedSergeant Horatio J. Homer, the i)re-

siding officer, who in a short address,declared that Mr. Garrison had madeit possible for the Negro to advance sorapidly in the higher civilization. Hethen called upon the pastor to readScripture, after which Deacon AlfredMoore, who knew Mr. Garrison person-ally was introduced to offer prayer.He then introduced Madame NanaVarrs Hunter, who captured her audi-

ence by her sweet solo. ProfessorHomer B. Sprague of Cambridge de-

livered a most profound address, go-

ing back to the genesis of the Negroin this country, and ending by declar-

ing that "William Lloyd Garrisonwas the Moses of this generation."He said in part:

"Slavery was introduced into thi;^

country some 28G years ago. It wasa great hindrance to the progress o:t'

our nation. It was a great sin that

was committed by the whole country,who took stock in slave trade. Thenation paid for this sin dearly by thesacrifice of so many precious lives antl

the expenditure of so much money.The character of Mr. Garrison com-pels the admiration of every trueAmerican. The cause for which hestood was righteous. In his great

speech (which he read) he said hewas willing to trust the work that hehad begun to the true North for com-pletion, that is the eaual rights of the

Negro. He was your true friend, andwell have you come to celebrate his

100th birthday."

Professor Spragiie closed with the

following quotation from Lowell:

"No; true freedom is to shareAll the chains our brothers wear,.And with heart and hand to beEarnest to make others free.

They are slaves who fear to speakFor the fallen and the weak;They are slaves who will not chooseHatred, scoffing, and abuse,

Rather than in silence shrinkFrom the truth they needs must think.

They are slaves who dare not beIn the right with two or three!"

The next speaker was Rabbi Eich-

ler, who was received amid great ap-

plause, and said:

"I consider it an honor to have the

opportunity of standing upon the plat-

Torui of this old iii.storic clnircli or-

ganization, ui)on whose platform .Mr.

Garrison has stood in defense of yourliberty and the safety of the govern-ment years ago.

You have been emancipatccl, in i)art,

but you are still passing through thewilderness of American i)rejudice;you have yet to come to the posses-sion of the promised land. Yourprogress in the last 1(» years tells t..e

world that you will in time reach thatpromised land. Your sorrows arefelt keenly by our race. You read thedaily papers and you see how my raceis suffering at the hand of the crueloppressor in the far off East, underthe Russian government. Old men,young men, old women and youn^women, children and babies, are mur-dered at the cruel hand of the oppres-sor. The work Mr. Garrison begunwill not be completed until yo>i reachthe promised land of your equal rights,

for which he stood so bravely. Youhonor a great man today; he is to this

race in part, what Moses was to theJew, and with you we bow in honor to

his memory. That God i.^ the father

of us all and that God who led the Jew©ut of bondage into the promisedland, was leading the Negro. Let himbe a man and stand up for his rights;

they will come in time; Garrison hasmade it possible." The choir thensang. Seated upon the platformnext to Rev. Farris, were Mrs.Fanny Garrison Villard and son. Mr.Harold Garrison Villard, andat this time the presiding officer called

upon Dr. Farris to introduce Mrs. Vil-

lard, with a five minutes' eulogy that

brought forth loud applause, the great

audience arose and received Mrs. Vil-

lard amidst the most enthusiastic

gratefulness. After they were seated

and the applause had died awav, shedelivered a 20-minute address, saying:

"Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentle-

men: Words cannot express my joy in

being here tonight. When Mr. Farris.

your pastor, invited me in New Yorkcity to be ru-esent here tonight. I ac-

cepted the kind invitation with pleas-

ure. So much has been sai 1 in com-mendation of the earnest deeds of myfather that I hardly know how to ex-

press my appreciation. I was downto the old Joy street meeting housethis afternoon, to that great meeting,

and my heart was filled as I listened

and thought of how my father spokefrom that platform in defense of your

liberty. Y'our pastor said in introduc-

74 ONK in XDRKDTH AWIVKRSA RY

jng me thai our home was always

filled with visitors, who were interest-

ed in the movement of freeing your

race. I would often go to bed in oneplace and wake in the mornins;; in an-

other place, havinK been moved dur-

ing the night and my bed given to

strangers. My father used to say to

n.e, M laughter, you have a nice bed

and lovely home and all comforts, but

the i)oor little Colored girl has no bed,

no comforts, no home, how happy you

ought to be and what a good girl youought to be!'

•But mv father was not only inter-

ested in the emanciiiation of your

race; he was also interested in the

women and worked hard in this direc-

tion. In fact he was interested in

every good and rigi.Leous cause; hewas truly an honest advocater against

wrong. He stood for higher life.

"Our family was happy, our homepleasant, because neither my father

nor my mother, nor the children tookdifficulties hard; we always rose

above the situation and were happy,because we were working for a prin-

ciple that would live on. though wedie. If my father could come backhere now. he would be much mortified

to know that those principles for

which he stood and suffered, and that

were accomplished by giving the Col-

ored people their franchise, had beenrescinded and the South no longer re-

garded your race as citizens. But let

us hope for a better future, and onehundred vears hence, I trust all

wrongs will have been made right andyour race en.ioy that happy freedomfor which my father suffered and to

which cause he so earnestly gave a

great part of his life. I thank you for

listening so attentively to my re-

marks."Other brief addresses were then de-

livered and the program was closed

by a chorus, "Awake the Song."

AT MORNING STAR BAPTISTCHURCH, BOSTON.

The Morning Star Baptist ciiurcli

Garrison ceh-bration on Sunday eve-

ning was of especially good (pialily,

l)«'ing held under the auspices of the

Boston Suffrage League. Alter

pray<'r by the pastor. Rev. Maitiu

L. Harvey, the programme o|)(>ned

with an appropriate speech fromMr. \V. \V. Doherty. who empha-hW.vi\ I lie work of the league and said

it was following in the steps of (lar-

risfin. anti coiuludfd with the assur-

ance thai Garrison's work would live

on forever and that it behooved all

of us to emulate his example andwork with his spirit. Mr. H. B. Black-

wcl! spoke next and said in part that

Carrison was the right man for the

right lime and that his work wasdone so truly and so well that its ef-

fect is lasting even up to this day.

Miss Alice Blackwell was next intro-

duced in place of Mrs. Julia W. Howe.Her remarks were enthusiastic andinteresting and included many person-

al reminiscences of Mr. Garrison with

whom slie had a close acquaintance.

He had been a source of great ins])ir

at ion to her, and she thoroughly be

lieved in his principles. She claimedthat this celebration should inspire

all of us to work harder in the great

cause of human rights and that weshould look to Garrison for encourage-ment..Mr. H. F. 'I'nu'blood referred to the ex-

cellent work bein.g done by the Suf-

frage league and said that while Gar-

lison was primarily a man of pow-er, yet he accomplished such a vast

amount of good that his name wouldf'VHr be connected Wi... every move-luenl lor manhood's rights. Rev.Hyroii (luiiner of Newport contri-

l)ute I a strong and able address in

which he cl;!imed that Garrison was afaithful man and feared God aboveall else; that he was true to his con-

victions, especially to his convictionsof slavery's wrongs. He continuedthat Garrison was true to the work af-

ter he had begun it and stood by it

through every struggle. Mr. Gunnersaid further that he hoped a lasting

insi)iration by this memorial would l)e

made on the hearts of all.

Mr. Davis of Maiden concluded theprogram with a forceful and appreci-ative speech.

AT ZION BAPTIST CHURCH.LYNN. MASS.

.•\ Garrison Memorial meeting wasli'ld with special exercises Sundaynight. Dec. 10th. 1905, at the Zion Bap-tist church, corner of Fayette andAdams streets. Lynn, Mass. The ad-

dress of the evening was delivered bytiie i)aslor. Rev. P. Thomas Stanford.D. n.. M. D.. LL. D.. his subject beiiig ••The Voice of Wm. Lloyd Garri

son."He said in iiart:

"The Suffrage League of Bostonhas issued an appeal to the clergymi-n

iurth of \\ii,li.\m li,o\I) carrison 75

peoi)le to unite on the loth arid 11thof this montii, today and tomorrow,and fittingly recognize the centenaryof William Lloyd Garrison.

"In his last days Mr. Garrison frank-ly ascribed all that he had been ordone to the training, example and in-

fluence of his mother, whose early his-

tory was of uncommon interest. Hewas her second son and loved her withall his soul, mind and spirit. Her ac-

tions, words and deeds were as if with•m iron pen cut into his very beingand shaped his character.

After speaking of Garrison's con-

version to Immediatism and of his im-prisonment at Baltimore, his tine hav-ing been paid by Arthur Tappan, Rev.Stanford continued:

"July 1, 1831, Mr. Garrison issuedthe first edition of the Liberator. Hehad no money or friends, and he andhis partner, Isaac Knapp. were toopoor to hire an office of their own, butthe foreman of The Christian Exami-ner employed them as journeymen,taking their labor as pay for the useof his type. James Foster, a Coloredman of Philadelphia, bought the first

Liberator for $50.

"Laboring under such unfavorablecircumstances, he was not disheartened. For 35 years the brave Garrisoncontended for the immediate enfran-chisement of the slave against manyodds, unkind treatment and imprison-ment. Just 35 years on the first dayof January, 1866, Garrison had thehappiness of announcing that the glo-

rious work to which he had devotedhimself was finally finished.

Rev. Stanford closed with an ap-

peal to his fellow Americans to start

a second Garrisonian movement to

abolish Negro-American serfdom.

AT CENTRE ST. BAPTIST CHURCH,MALDEN, MASS.

At 7.15 p. m.. December 10,

1905, at the Centre Street Baptistchurch. Maiden, Mass., the ser-

vices were opened by the choir'ssinging "Praise God fi'om Whom AllBlessings Flow." Invocation was byRev. O. F. Tate, after which E. A.Washington, the chorister, led thecongregation in singing "My Coun-try;" the pastor. Rev. J. H. Wiley,then read the 60th chapter of Isaiah,and Deacon M. H. Smith offeredprayer, and the next was singing by

the (;hoir, one of Mr. Garrison's fa-

vorite h.vnins, "Awake My Soul,Stretch Every Nerve." After ashort speech by Deacon J. Davis, thechoir chanted the 23d Psalm. ThenRev. Wiley arose and took for his textIsaiah 61. 1st and 2d verses and fromthis proi)hecy he pictured the like-

ness of (Jarrison and ('hrist in theirwork. Christ worked for the enum-cipation of man's soul; Garrisonworked for the emancipation of man'sbody. Then Deacon E. Derry offeredprayer, and after that Deacon P.

Sneed took up a good celebration col-

lection, and the congregation unitedin singing "Blest Be the Tie ThatBinds." At 9.30 benediction bv Fath-er Tate.

AT CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH,SHAWMUT AVENUE, BOSTON.

At the Calvary Baptist Church, Bos-ton, Sunday night, Dec. 10th, there wasa joint Garrison celebration by churchand Sunday School. Mr. L. E. Pasco,church clerk, presided. Rev. S. J. Com-fort, the pastor, read the Boston Suf-frage League's Appeal and welcomedthe Sunday School. Mrs. Mary How-ard, superintendent, made the re-

sponse. Miss Marie Johnson read apoem on Garrison composed by thelate Elijah Smith, father of Mrs. J. M.Burrell. An eloquent oration on Gar-rison was delivered by John M. Bur-rell, Esq. The choir. Prof. J. S. Pol-len, director, sang several hymns. Rev.Taylor pronounced the benediction.The meeting was enthusiastic and in-

spiring.

AT UNION BAPTIST CHURCH,.MAIN ST., CAMBRIDGE.

At the Union Baptist church, Cam-bridge, Sunday night, Dec. 10th, theRev. Jesse Harrell, D. D., s])oke on the100th anniversary of Wm. Lloyd Garri-

son. He spoke of the great and goodmen ))eing a gift fi'om God. Wm. LloydGarrison was a broad-hearted manand a lover of all mankind. He madea great sacrifice of his time and labor-

ed for the freedom of the Coloredrace. The pastor urged upon the peo-

ple to follow his example and pre-

cepts. He also spoke on the no-licensequestion, urged upon the people to

vote no. The choir rendered special

selections and the congregation wasgood.

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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

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