Ste Lucie, Doncaster: Tioweró:ton archives 1851-1921

Eric Pouliot-Thisdale, September 2016

1

Written by- Eric Pouliot-Thisdale

Research conducted by Eric Pouliot Thisdale, graduate in social sciences and member of the

Faculty of Human Science from University of Quebec in Montreal, (UQAM), and researcher since

13 years in the field of public archives of several sources, including military archives, political

correspondences, parish registers, censuses, maps and all associated demographical datas. He

also manages a history chronicle for The Eastern Door, the weekly Kahnawake paper.

Photo coverage- Front picture (Image 1); from the author, Eric Pouliot-Thisdale. Plan showing

the Southwesterly Half of the Doncaster Indian Reserve as Surveyed into Farm Lots according to

the Instructions received from the Department of Indian Affairs dated the 5th of November 1906

situated at Ste Lucie - co. Terrebonne P.Q / F.C. Laberge. - Squale 30 chain by inch . – 1908,

2015, National Archives of Quebec, in Montreal.

Copyright: 2016 ISBN: 978-1-988411-07-1

All rights reserved©

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INDEX

Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4

The history of Tioweroton’s creation ........................................................................................... 5

Available censuses ...................................................................................................... 9

District of Terrebonne, Ste-Marguerite & Doncaster Township 1871 census .......................... 10

District of Terrebonne, Sub District of Doncaster 1881 and 1891 census .................... 11

District of Terrebonne, Sub District of Doncaster Ste Lucie 1901 census..................... 12 The parish registers and details about Mohawk households ..................................................... 16

District of Terrebonne, Sub District of Ste-Lucie of Doncaster, 1911 census............................. 20

The parish registers and details about Mohawk households ..................................................... 24

District of Terrebonne, Sub District of Ste-Lucie of Doncaster, 1921 census............................. 33

Bibliography and sources .......................................................................................... 35

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Introduction

Doncaster was officially designated as Doncaster 17 by Native and Northern Affairs Canada as

a reserve in the Laurentides. It belongs to the Mohawks of Kanesatake and Kahnawake. It is

located 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Mont-Tremblant in the Doncaster geographic township

named after the town in England. It at been since occasionally sparsely inhabited, and used only

as a hunting and fishing territory. 1

It was created to offer hunting grounds, but was not used a lot until the 1900s. Since Mohawks

weren’t present, several European squatters then took the opportunity to install permanent

habitations in order to cut wood which led to long legal outcomes to manage the situation.

Tioweroton was originally only for the people of Kanesatake. When the Sulpicians and Federal

government were looking to relocate the people of Kanesatake, and a member of parliament

also suggested relocating Kahnawake as well, which happened.

On August 30, 1851, the act was authorized to set apart lands in Lower Canada for the use and

benefit of the Seven Nations, First Nation tribes. Of course 1851 was the year when all reserves

were created and the first in Quebec was the Innu-Montagnais reserve, Mashteuiatsh,

previously called Pointe Bleue. Two years later on August 9, 1853, the Governor General in

Council approved the distribution list as proposed by the Commissioner of Crown Lands, John

Rolph.

That was how Kahnawake and Kanesatake came to co-manage the lands. The political

administrators thought they could make use of our agricultural lands from European colonies

and give hunting lands to Mohawks, of a lesser economical value.

According to that list, the "Indians of Caughnawaga (Kahnawake) and lake of two Mountains"

(Kanesatake), they were allotted the south-east quarter of the township of Doncaster, behind

the township of Wexford, in an area exposing 16,000 acres (65 km2).

Several questionings from members of both Mohawks communities; Kanesatake and

Kahnawake motivated this research, since demographic details about the ancestors who lived

there permanently seems to be lacking at large for many.

1 Ste Lucie des Laurentides official website, consulted November 2015

http://www.municipalite.sainte-lucie-des-laurentides.qc.ca/

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The notion of Kahnawake having sole ownership grew out of the administrative arrangement

that was agreed to at some point: that, based on population and budgetary considerations,

Kahnawake would have 2/3 of the financial responsibility and Kanesatake 1/3. Though, from all

previous ministerial correspondences, it was always exposed that Doncaster’s Indian reserve

was managed by both communities.

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The history of Tioweroton’s creation

Many of the reserves in Quebec were set aside pursuant to legislation enacted to provide

protected lands for specific groups without a land base or to give security of tenure to the use

and occupation of traditional village sites. Examples include lands set aside under the 1851

legislation (14-15 Vic., cap. 106) such as Betsiamites, Coucoucache, Doncaster, Maniwaki,

Manouane, Ouiatchouan, Sept-Iles, Timiskaming, and Weymontachingue-Wemotaci.

Then, several reserves were created pursuant to the Quebec Lands and Forests Act in 1922, such

as Eastmain, Lac Rapide, Lac Simon, Mingan, Mistassini, Obedjiwan, Schefferville, and

Waswanipi.

In addition, other reserves were created from lands purchased specifically for reserve purposes

by the federal government, from lands occupied under licenses of occupation from the Crown,

and those created by legislation 8 and federal-provincial agreements.

August 30, 1851 - An act was authorized to set apart lands in Lower Canada for the use and

benefit of the Seven Nations, First Nation tribes. Registration number 3751-105 14-15 Victoria,

chapter 106 (Statutes of Canada). This act authorized the setting apart of lands in Lower Canada

for the use and benefit of several First nations residing on that territory. The overall area

allotted to the different First Nations communities would not be in excess of 230 000 acres.

The Reserve occupies lot 61 of the township of Doncaster. This lot is bordered northwest by the

front line of Range 7, in the township of Doncaster; northeast by the line between the township

of Doncaster and the township of Chilton; southeast by the line between the township of

Doncaster and the township of Wexford; and southwest by the central line of the township of

Doncaster. The reserve covers 7 900 hectares.

August 9, 1853-Under the registration number 15565, two years later, the Governor General in

Council approved the distribution list as proposed by the Commissioner of Crown Lands, 2

months earlier by John Rolph. According to that list, the "Indians of Caughnawaga (Kahnawake)

and lake Deux Montagnes" (Kanesatake) were allotted the south-east quarter of the township of

Doncaster, behind the township of Wexford. The area indicated was 16,000 acres (65 km2).

June 10, 1854- The Commissioner of Crown Lands gives instructions for the surveying of the

outer boundaries of the township of Doncaster and the Indian lands in Doncaster.

July 1, 1867 - registration number x14591 The British North America Act, 1867 (currently known

as the Constitution Act, 1867) confirms the jurisdiction of the Canadian government over the

Indians and the lands reserved for them.2

2 From Natural Ressource’s Canada website: Doncaster, consulted December 2015: www.nrcan.gc.ca

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Around 1880-90, sixteen European squatters were expelled by the government who had to

spend covering legal fees of 28 000$ in order to put a term to it.

Also, around 1889, a wood company did the same, without any warrants and it took several

years until Mohawks and/or the government to react. On May 26, 1890 their petition was

signed in presence of Priest Lajeunesse then in charge, by some of them, 43 inhabitants of the

Doncaster Township requesting the abolition of the Mohawk reserve in the township3:

“Honorable Sir, Us subsigned, living in the Doncaster District, are asking very humbly for you to use your upmost influence to make the savage reserve disappear from our district and to make a land survey. This reserve which contains a large number of excellent lands proper to agriculture, located in the middle of occupied lands by a French Canadian population annexed to our village, is observed as an anomaly and all of them are hoping to see it disappear. Anyways, it can’t be of any utility to the savages who will never come to install themselves, since the games are lacking. Also, the wood is being stolen from all sides, they are taking the wood, so the sooner it will be measures, fewer damages will be done

We are observing that the reserve in the township

of Doncaster is a big obstacle to colonisation progress

in our locality.

Our municipality is suffering

from it since this reserve contains about the third of the district.

For these reasons, Honorable Sir, we

hope that you will favorably accept our request,

and we won’t stop praying that

Ste Lucie of Doncaster.”

3 Caughnawaga Agency - Petition signed by the inhabitants of the Doncaster Township requesting the

abolition of the Indian reserve in the township, Library and Archives Canada.

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A drought occured in 1903 and several important fires took over the Ste Lucie territory, but the

Mohawk land perimeters were untouched.

(Image 2) From June 13, 1904

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November 23, 1920 - registration number 299989 Privy Council judgment ordering that the

lands reserved for the Indians under the terms of 14-15 Victoria, chapter 106, was no longer

used for that purpose, and became the legal property of the Province of Quebec.

4 Plan showing the Central Line of Doncaster as traced according to the Instructions received

from the Department of Lands, Mines and Fisheries dated the 13th of June, 1904, located at Sainte-Lucie, Co. Terrebonne P.Q / F.C. Laberge . – Measures, 20 chains an inch. – August 23rd 1904, from Library and Archives of Quebec, in Montreal. Consulted on November 2015.

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December 31, 1925- The 1925 Act - Reservation of lands not exceeding 330 000 acres for the

benefit of the Indians by the transfer of usufruct.

The provincial road from Ste Lucie to Ste Marguerite passing though Doncaster’s reserve closed

after 1928, since Mohawks were no interested in investing any amounts for these matters.

Around 1960 the reserve was divided in two parts. The Council decided to keep the largest land

part for conservation of hunting lands. The other part stayed open to establishment

developments of houses

Though, European descents inhabitants started improvising new land measurements which created several legal problems and the land had to be surveyed continuously until the 1960-70’s.

(Image 3) Plan showing the Southwesterly Half of the Doncaster Indian Reserve as Surveyed into Farm Lots according to the Instructions received from the Department of Indian Affairs dated the 5th of November 1906 situated at Ste Lucie - co. Terrebonne P.Q / F.C. Laberge. - Squale 30 chain by inch. – 1908. This map shows the southern half part of the Indian reserve of Doncaster surveyed in farm lots according to the instructions given by the Native Affairs Minister from November 5 1906. The locations at Ste Lucie, from Terrebonne’s county, P.Q. It also locates the several lakes : Caché, la Dame, Double, la

Grue, Lacampe, Long, de la Montagne, Saint-Georges, Sapin, Silvestre, Triangle and Merci road. 5

5 Picture from the author, at Library and Archives of Quebec in Montreal, 535 Viger Avenue East, Montreal, December

2015.

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Available censuses

The first potential census that could have brought informations after the 1851 creation of

Tioweroton would have been the Montcalm, 1861 census. Though, it is lacking information,

since most of the pages are empty; not only from Doncaster but from surrounding areas as well.

In spring 1864, Edouard Masson created the village, and lake got its name from him: Lac

Masson. He initiated the foundation through a colonization plan through clear cutting and

building habitations. Some of his first partners were: Dominique Chartier, and Eusebe Dorion,

Priests, Felix Lacasse, blacksmith, Georges Guenette, hotelkeeper as well as several handy men

and daily workers; Jean-Baptiste Raymond, Thadee Miron, Leon Lalande, Auguste Laporte, Jean-

Baptiste Gauthier, Georges Lefebvre, Theophile Deslauriers, Georges Cardinal, Andre Brisebois

and Eusebe Lajeunesse.

Charles Lajeunesse (1835-1903) who established more officially at Ste-Marguerite-du-Lac-

Masson in 1865, became Mayor in 1883, on January 7. At the end of 1866, the parish of the

municipality of Sainte-Marguerite-du-Lac-Masson was all organized. It is during this period that

Charles Lajeunesse, the school teacher, became the census responsible for 1871 and 1881.

Those concerning Mohawks are exposed are the 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1921 through the

following chapters.

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District of Terrebonne, Ste-Marguerite & Doncaster Township 1871 census

From the District of Terrebone, containing 47 pages of 20 lines for 20 people and ends with 1

last page with 14 persons, making a population of 108 persons. The only house-family with

people qualified as “Savages” appear on page 46, as the last house containing 8 people.

Olivier Lussier, 60 years old, qualified as “savage and farmer” and his wife Angelique, 50 years

old who had: Baptiste, 23, Theophile, 22, Olivier, 18, Marguerite, 27, Philomene, 25, and

Menise, 19. On page 47, the last member of this house-family was Matilde Lussier, 7 years old.

Ste-Marguerite, 1871 census: the census responsible was Charles Lajeunesse

The census contains 47 pages containing of 20 people and 1 page with 14 persons, making a

population of 108 persons. The only house-family with people qualified as “Savages” appear on

page 46, as the last house containing 8 people.

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District of Terrebonne, Sub District of Doncaster 1881 and 1891 census

It was managed by Charles Lajeunesse and ended on April 22, 1881, in which 830 European

people were recorded. The document is damaged, but still accessible.

Then, in the Ste-Lucie Doncaster 1891 census, by Joseph Eugene Limoge, Priest, a few houses are inhabited by the members of the Meilleur Family.

It contains 27 pages with 25 persons in each, and 1 page with 20 people; making a population of 695 persons. 1 Irish family, 2 English families, 1 man from the USA. No Mohawks are present in this census.

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District of Terrebonne, Sub District of Doncaster Ste Lucie 1901 census

The census conducted by Paul Andre, a merchant who emigrated from France pictured 874

Europeans, including: 1 English, 8 French from France, 1 from Belgium, 1 from the USA and 1

Irish.

And then right after, from page 19 to 21, no Mohawks are mentioned. All the land lots on roads

attributed to families are listed and the division is still Terrebone, but the sub-division becomes

Ste-Marguerite du Lac Masson and the census was managed by was B. Chartier.

page

Line

(for fam

ily)

Lots and roads Inh

abite

d

ho

use

s

Nu

mb

er o

f

familie

s in

ho

use

s

nu

mb

er o

f

roo

ms in

the

ho

use

total o

f acres

number of barns per families

1 1 Lot 20-road 9 1h 1 4 100 4

1 6 Lot 19 road-9

1 11 Lot 17-18 Road-4

1 20 Lot 16-b Road-4

These terms are also mentioned instead of numbers for “Lots & Roads” for certain families

and/or instances: School district, Village, Renter, Saw mill, Lac Masson’s tower.

Origin-wise, they were: Page 2: 1 English

Page 6: 5 French from France Page 8: 3 French from France Page 9 : 1 from Belgium

Page 17: 1 Irish

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From page 19 to 21, all the lot on roads attributed to families are listed and the division is still

Terrebone, but the sub-division becomes Ste-Marguerite du Lac Masson and the census was

managed by B. Chartier.

Example 1st family : Family 1-1 owned : Moise Forget, son

1-page 2-Lin

e (fo

r family)

3-Lots and roads 6-Inhabited houses 7-institution 8-Nu

mb

er o

f ho

usin

g

9-Nu

mb

er o

f families in

h

ou

ses

10-n

um

ber o

f roo

ms in

the

h

ou

se

12 total of acres 16 number of barns per families

1 1 Lot 20-road 9 1h 1 4 100 4

1 6 Lot 19 road-9

1 11 Lot 17-18 Road-4

1 20 Lot 16-b Road-4

1 25 Lot 16 Road-3

1 34 Lot 16a Road-4

1 40 Lot 15 Road-3

2 3 Lot 13b Road-3

2 7 Lot 11 Road-3

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Lots owned and roads by present families of Ste-Marguerite du Lac Masson, page 1-2-3 Lot 20-road 9 Lot 19 road-9 Lot 17-18 Road-4 Lot 16-b Road-4 Lot 16 Road-3 Lot 16a Road-4 Lot 15 Road-3 Lot 12a Road-3 Lot 13b Road-3 Lot 11 Road-3 Lot 11 Road-5 Lot 12-13 Road-5 Lot 14-15 Road-5 Lot 20 Road-5 Lot 13-19 Road-5 Lot 18-19 Road-5 Lot 19 Road-7 Lot 20 Road-7 Lot 17 Road-6 Lot 16 Road-6 Lot 15 Road-6 Lot 14 Road-6 Lot 12 Road-6 Lot 13 Road-6 Lot 21 Road-6 Lot 21-22 Road-7 Lot 22 Road-6 Lot 23 Road-7 Lot 11 Road-7 Lot 12 Road-7 Lot 13-14 Road-7 Lot 51 Road-8 Lot 13-14 Road-8 Lot 15 Road-7 Lot 16 Road-7 Lot 18-19 Road-8 Lot 15-16 Road-9 Lot 17-18 Road-9 Lot 19 Road-9 Lot 21 Road-8 Lot 20 Road-9 Lot 21 Road-9 Lot 21 Road-8 Lot 22-22 Road-8-8 Lot 23-22 Road-8-9 Lot 24-25 Road-9 Lot 26 Road-9 Lot 23 Road-11 Lot 21 Road-11 Lot 19 Road-11 Lot 18 Road-11 Lot 16-17 Road-11 Lot 14 Road-11 Lot 13-a Road-11 Lot 13-b Road-11 Lot 12 Road-11 Lot 11 Road-11 Lot 16-17-18 Road-11 Lot 19-20 Road-10 Lot 21-22 Road-10 Lot 23 Road-10 Lot 24 Road-10

Lot 25 Road-10 Lot 26-27 Road-10 Lot 27-28 Road-9 Lot 29-30 Road-9 Lot 29-30 Road-10 Lot 40-40 Road-5-6 Lot 41 Road-6 Lot 41 Road-5 Lot 41-42 Road-5-6 Lot 43-44 Road-6 Lot 44b-45a Road-6 Lot 46 Road-6 Lot 44-45-46 Road-5 Lot 47-45b Road-6 Lot 46b-47 Road-5 Lot 48 Road-6 Lot 48 Road-5 Lot 49 Road-5 Lot 49 Road-6 Lot 41-42 Road-7 Lot 44-49 Road-7 Lot 45-46 Road-7 Lot 47 Road-7 Lot 47-48-49 Road-8 Lot 50 Road-7 Lot 49b Road-7 Lot 51 Road-7 Lot 45 Road-9 Lot 45 Road-8 Lot 44 Road-8 Lot 43 Road-9 Lot 42 Road-9 Lot 41 Road-9 Lot 39-39-40-31 Road 8-9 Lot 37-38-36-37-38 Road-3-9 Lot 39 Road-9 Lot 35 Road-8 Lot 33 Road-8 Lot 27a Road-8 Lot 28-29 Road-8 Lot 27b Road-8 Lot 25-26 Road-8 Lot 24-25-26-27 Road 11 Lot 28-31-38b-31 Road unreadable (perhaps 18-12) Lot 28a-31 Road-11 Lot 25-27-28 Road 7 Lot 24-23a Road 8 Lot 58 village Lot 59 village Lot 59 renters Lot 59 renters Lot 59 renters Lot 59 renters Lot 24 Road-7 Lot 59-76 village Lot 27 Road-7 Lot 56 Lot 61 Lot 63 Lot 64 Lot 65 Lot 66

15

Some terms were mentioned, instead of numbers, for “Lots & Roads” for certain families and/or instances: Arrondissement no 5 ecole: school

Arrondissement no 3 ecole: school

Ecole...

Village, Renter-locataire, Moulin à scie / Saw mill, Village,

Lac Masson’s tower Moulin à scie / Saw mill School quarter

16

The parish registers and details about Mohawk households

On December 18, 1904, Louis Canadien was born in Ste-Lucie, from Michel Canadien and

Dorothee Dailleboust (or Clothilde). Note that the priest wrote Canayen instead of Canadien

Godfather: Jn-Bte Laurent Godmother: Anna Dailleboust, also from the reserve.

The only mention was made for Louis Canadien, with the pejorative qualification: “Indian”

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On September 22, 1905, Marie Marguerite Laurent was born the last eve, from Jean Baptiste

Laurent and Dailleboust of the Doncaster reserve, the godfather, Pitt Canadien and the

godmother Marguerite Laforce.

November 18, 1905, Joseph Roch Ryce (Rice), from Israel Ryce, farmer and Mary...

Godfather Roch Thouin, hotelkeeper and the godmother Albina Chalette, his wife.

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November 19, 1906, Philomene Cecile Berthe Laurent, from Jn-Bte Laurent and Anna Taba

19

February 27, 1907 Joseph Israel Ovile, born the 18th from Israel Rice and Anne Stuarte of this

parish. Godfather: Ovile Alarie godmother Valentine Charetier

September 1st 1908 Pierre Rice from Israel Rice, Indian and Mary Anna Ham (Stuart)of this parish, the Godfather was Jn-Bte Laurent (other native) and Godmother: Anna Dailleboust his wife

20

District of Terrebonne, Sub District of Ste-Lucie of Doncaster, 1911 census

Also conducted by Paul Andre as for the last one, counted 866 French-Canadien, 4 from France 1

from Switzerland making 871 Europeans & 37 Mohawks were registered.

Some spoke English, some French, beside their Mohawk language, so the letter A for “Anglais-

English” or “F” for Français-French” was clarifying the other language associated or spoken.

21

The Mohawk households were:

Rice, Israel, 40, farmer

Rice, Marie Anne, 39, wife Rice, Emma, 14 Rice, Leo, 10 Rice, Emma, 14 Rice, Isabelle, 8 Rice, Frank, 7 Rice, John, 6 Rice, Rock, 5 Rice, Ovilla, 4 Rice, Welly, 2 Rice, Arthur, 5 months Arthur and Welly-Willy were both sent to the Wikwemikong-Spanish Ontario Residential School

Image from the 1921 Spanish Residential School census

6

6 Pupils at Indian Residential Schools: 1911 Wikwemikong and 1921 Spanish, Ontario census / written by

the author, Eric Pouliot-Thisdale. -- [Montreal], page 25/51, 2016 http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/300/eric_pouliot-thisdale/pupils_indian/Pupils_at_Indian_Residential_Schools_1911_Wikwemikong_and_1921_Spanish_Ontario_census.pdf

22

Dicaire, Noel or Joel or Earl, 36 Manufacture of Baton de Lacrosse, spent 25 weeks to work, made 600.00$

Dicaire, Marie, 35, wife Dicaire, Mary-Ann, 4 Joseph Leclaire, spent 20 weeks to work as a snowshoe maker and made 125.00$

Leclaire, Josephine, 40 (Josephine, Jacos Konwenni, married November 12, 1923 in Kahnawake) Leclaire, Mary-Ann, 17 Leclaire, Anine, 15 Leclaire, Michel, 13 Leclaire, Dominique, 11 Leclaire, Therese, 8 Leclaire, Agathe, 5 Leclaire, Baptiste, 2 Leclaire, Cecile, 1 month

23

Laurent, Baptiste, 28, farmer

Laurent, Annie, 28, wife Laurent, Mary-Ann, 8 Laurent, Annie, 7 Laurent, Maggie, 5 Laurent, Filomen, 4 Laurent, Franck, 3 Laurent, Israel, 1 Laurent, Frank, 64, farmer

Laurent, Mary Ann, 64, wife Martin, Michel, 55

Martin, Mary, 18 Martin, Therese, 15

“Here ends the census for the Doncaster Indian Reserve”

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The parish registers and details about Mohawk households:

November 15 1913, Marie Delima Lucie, borned the 11th, daughter of Israel Rice and Mary-Ann

“Stuart”. Godfather Felix Giroux, artisan and Godmother Marie Rose Lafleur.

May 2nd 1914, John Adolph Rice, 10 years old, died 2 days ago, from Israel Rice and Marg Anne Stuart.

25

August 15, 1915, Marie Clara Helene Rice, born today, from Israel Rice and Marie Anne Sturde.

Godfather, Alphonse Isabelle, Godmother Elodie Isabelle, his spouse. The father signed.

2-Noel Dicaire, (Noel or Joel or Earl), 36, is also mentioned in tiny letters, the his job is described

as; manufacture of Baton de Lacrosse, and there is also the mention that he spent 25 weeks to

work, and that he made 600.00$ during the year. He is followed by Marie, 35, wife, Mary-Ann, 4.

Notice how his first name is basically unreadable, such as on a map from Doncaster named:

Reserve no. 17. Sketch showing roads and distances relating to cutting trees on the Indian

Reserve, 1937.

(Image 4)

7

7 From Doncaster Reserve no. 17. Sketch showing roads and distances relating to cutting trees

on the Indian Reserve, 1937, Library and Archives Canada

26

3- Joseph Leclaire, 47, with a mention that he spent 20 weeks to work as a snowshoe maker,

here named “raquette”, and made 125.00$. He is followed by his wife and kids, Josephine, 40,

wife, Mary-Ann, 17, Anine, 15, Michel, 13, Dominique, 11, Therese, 8, Agathe, 5, Baptiste, 2,

Cecile, 1 month.

Then ends with the last 3 houses: 4- Baptiste Laurent, 28, farmer, Annie, 28, wife, Mary-Ann, 8, Annie, 7, Maggie, 5, Filomen, 4,

Franck, 3, Israel, 1 (Israel was very popular in the area in the time period)

5- Frank Laurent, 64, farmer, Mary Ann, 64, wife

6- Michel Martin, 55 and 2 daughter, or granddaughters; Martin, Mary, 18, Martin, Therese, 15 “Here ends the census for the Doncaster Indian Reserve” Then, the last census available to the public, according to the privacy laws, restricting

publication 20 years after the individual's death or 100 years after the record was created,

except for parish microfilms ending in 1940. These lasts are available since they bought the

collection this way, so they then had to publish it as it was when they acquired it, but it is really

an exception.

September 16, 1914 was buried Mary Anne Skaonnadi, spouse of Francois Laurent, died the

previous day at 66 years old, in presence of Francois Laurent, Israel Rice, Andre Pilon, Michel

Constantineau, Peter Thompson.

27

March 19, 1915, “Jeannes” Beauvais, son of Joseph Beauvais and Marie Trise, previously from

Caughnawaga and Marie martin, minor daughter of Michel Martin and his late wife Marie Anne

Cook, with the permission of the bride’s father. In presence of Michel Martin and Baptiste

Laurent. The father of the spouse and the father of the bride declared not being able to sign,

Baptiste Laurent signed with us.

28

April 30, 1915, Marie Anna Beauvais, born yesterday, from Jeames Beauvais and Marie Martin, both Indians from this parish. The Godfather was Baptiste Laurent and the godmother Anna Dailleboust, the father absent, the godfather signed.

Then on July 7, 1915 Joseph Israel Tompson borned the 2nd, from Pierre Tompson nd Elizabeth Vensfield. The godfather was Andre Peters and the godmother, his daughter, Catherine Peters.

29

August 18, 1915, was born 2 days ago, from Andrew Peters and Nancy Beauvais. The godfather

was Leo Rice and the godmother Marguerite Beauvais. The godmother and the father signed.

(Andrew Peters and Hattie Beauvais)

October 6 1915, was buried Joseph Israel, aged 4 months, son of Pierre Thompson and Elizabeth

Vensfield. Present, Pierre Thompson and Andre Peters.

30

January 20 1916, Paul from John Karonski and Maria Vernier. Godfather Michel Monette and Godmother Armandine Cloutier.

January 24 1916, I buried the body of Paul Kassitiky, aged less than 1 month died the previous day.

31

March 25, 1917, was baptised Daniel Eugene Rice, from Israel Rice and Marie Anne Laronde.

Godfather, Eugene Forget, Godmother Emma Rice, the child’s sister. The godparents signed with

us.

32

The lands of Noel Dicaire and Michel Martin, who are both mentioned on a map.

(Image 5) Doncaster Reserve no. 17. Sketch showing roads and distances relating to cutting trees on the Indian Reserve, 1937, Library and Archives Canada.

8

8 From Library and Archives Canada, Doncaster Reserve no. 17. Sketch showing roads and distances

relating to cutting trees on the Indian Reserve, 1937, Library and Archives Canada.

33

District of Terrebonne, Sub District of Ste-Lucie of Doncaster, 1921 census The census was managed by Ovide Beauchamp, the general store owner, who recorded 777

houses occupied by Europeans and only 2 lands were occupied by Mohawks, introduced by this

title: “Reserve des sauvages” They were:

Those from European origins were mainly French-Canadians. Others were: 5 from Scotland, 2 from Austria and 2 from Ontario.

2 from France

1 from Ontario

The Mohawks present were:

“Réserve des sauvages” / “Savage’s Reserve” Martin, Michel, 68, daily worker

Martin, Therese, 26 Bonspille, Michel, 38, farmer

34

Note that when the wedding of Michel Martin, 68, daily worker, occurred, his full name was

properly written; Mitchell James Bonspiel who married Edith Elizabeth James in 1923 in

Kanesatake.

(Image 6) Mitchell James Bonspiel who married Edith Elizabeth James in 1923 in Kanesatake.

9

9 Picture, courtesy of Bonnie Bonspiel, from The Eastern Door, Kahnawake weekly paper, of November 27,

2015. http://www.easterndoor.com/

35

Bibliography and sources From National Archives of Quebec in Montreal: Parish registers and censuses images. From Library and Archives Canada: Caughnawaga Agency - Petition signed by the inhabitants of the Doncaster Township requesting the abolition of the Indian reserve in the township, Library and Archives Canada. Internet sources: Ste Lucie des Laurentides official website, consulted November 2015

http://www.municipalite.sainte-lucie-des-laurentides.qc.ca/ Natural Ressource’s Canada website: Doncaster, consulted December 2015 www.nrcan.gc.ca Pictures : Cover picture: (Image 1) Plan showing the Southwesterly Half of the Doncaster Indian Reserve as Surveyed into

Farm Lots according to the Instructions received from the Department of Indian Affairs dated the

5th of November 1906 situated at Ste Lucie - co. Terrebonne P.Q / F.C. Laberge. - Squale 30

chain by inch . – 1908, 2015, National Archives of Quebec, in Montreal.

(Image 2) Plan showing the Central Line of Doncaster as traced according to the Instructions received from the Department of Lands, Mines and Fisheries dated the 13th of June, 1904, located at Sainte-Lucie, Co. Terrebonne P.Q / F.C. Laberge . – Measures, 20 chains an inch. – August 23rd 1904, from Library and Archives of Quebec, in Montreal. Consulted on November 2015.

(Image 3) Plan showing the Southwesterly Half of the Doncaster Indian Reserve as Surveyed into

Farm Lots according to the Instructions received from the Department of Indian Affairs dated the

5th of November 1906 situated at Ste Lucie - co. Terrebonne P.Q / F.C. Laberge. - Squale 30 chain

by inch . – 1908. This map shows the southern half part of the Indian reserve of Doncaster

surveyed in farm lots according to the instructions given by the Native Affairs Minister from

November 5 1906. The locations at Sainte-Lucie, from Terrebonne’s county, P.Q. It also locates

the several lakes : Caché, la Dame, Double, la Grue, Lacampe, Long, de la Montagne, Saint-

Georges, Sapin, Silvestre, Triangle and Merci road.

(Images 4-5) Doncaster Reserve no. 17. Sketch showing roads and distances relating to cutting trees on the Indian Reserve, 1937, Library and Archives Canada (Image 6) Mitchell James Bonspiel who married Edith Elizabeth James in 1923 in Kanesatake Picture, courtesy of Bonnie Bonspiel, from The Eastern Door, Kahnawake weekly paper, of November 27, 2015. http://www.easterndoor.com/