statement of responsibility

Macro Industries Inc. Revision 6, November 2005 7904-101st Avenue, Fort St John, BC, V1J 2A3

Statement of Responsibility Macro is responsible to the Owner for the safe and healthful performance of all its work

on all projects. Macro holds its management, supervisors, and employees as well as sub-contractors

responsible for safety and health matters within the scope of its assigned or contracted work.

The purpose of this manual is to provide a comprehensive set of safety guidelines, which

workers will consider in the performance of construction activities. Macro is responsible for providing a safe working environment for its employees,

providing clear instructions to employees about the tasks, which they are to perform and ensuring that workers are trained or sufficiently skilled to safely do the work, which they are instructed to perform.

Each supervisor and each site office will have a copy of this manual available.

Each employee is responsible for protecting his/her own person and co-workers by

performing work in a safe manner, utilizing all safety equipment which is specified to be required for the performance of the work and reporting all unsafe working conditions or practices which become apparent.

Macro will conduct daily inspections of its work areas, operations, tools and equipment.

These inspections will be performed at the start of each workday, and as often as necessary during the workday.

Macro is committed to providing the information, that each employee and sub-contractor

requires in order to work in a safe manner. An equal commitment is expected from individual workers to follow safe work procedures in accordance with the information provided.

The safety information in this manual does not take precedence over Occupational Health

and Safety Regulations. All employees should be familiar with the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations.

Management Communication Management and site supervisors will communicate safety matters through the means of

1. Site walk-a-rounds 2. Written memos 3. Regular meetings, and/or 4. Other means of communication

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Assignment of Responsibility Management

1. Establish a safety policy 2. Provide a safe work place 3. Maintain a safety program 4. Ensure proper training of workers 5. Ensure personal protective

equipment is available 6. Ensure regular inspections are done 7. Correct unsafe conditions 8. Provide first aid 9. Investigate all accidents 10. Report injuries to WCB 11. Ensure compliance with regulations 12. Set a good example 13. Maintain open communications with

all levels of staffing Supervisor/Foreman

1. Promote safety awareness 2. Establish safe work procedures 3. Instruct workers 4. Correct unsafe practices 5. Detect troubled employees 6. Correct unsafe conditions 7. Enforce safety rules 8. Inspect for hazards 9. Investigate all accidents 10. Ensure proper maintenance 11. Comply with regulations 12. Set a good example 13. Maintain open communications with

all levels of staffing

Worker

1. Use safe work procedures 2. Report unsafe conditions 3. Correct unsafe conditions 4. Report unsafe acts 5. Report any injury 6. Comply with rules and regulations 7. Make safety suggestions 8. Set a good example 9. Communicate with whatever level

of supervisor is appropriate Contractors’, Subcontractors’ and Consultants’

1. Insist on safe performance throughout their operations by ensuring contractors and employees are competent to do their work properly

2. Have effective safety programs 3. Ensure employees and

subcontractors meet the contractor’s and operating company’s safety expectations

4. Ensure their programs and operations comply with contractual and regulatory requirements

Visitors must

1. Follow the instructions of the site supervisor or personal escort

2. Wear personal protective equipment when required

3. Never walk about a worksite unescorted

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PART 2: COMPANY POLICIES FIRST AID POLICY Macro Industries Inc. is committed to ensuring that appropriate first aid is provided as quickly as possible for any injured worker associated with Macro Industries Inc. We will provide and maintain a superior first aid program for the purpose of maximizing the awareness of all potential injuries and managing all trends. Where applicable Macro Industries Inc. will provide and maintain first aid services, supplies, and equipment as identified by Worksafe BC standards. First aid services, supplies, and equipment will be made readily available to all workers during hours of operation and camp conditions. Macro guarantees continuous on site First Aid coverage as applicable to Worksafe BC standards. First aid records and statistics will be kept in strict confidentiality on file for a minimum of six years and will be regularly reviewed by management and the safety department to determine trends and recommended corrective actions. Macro Industries Inc. has initiated a reporting system with all workers through the first aid program and inspections on site. This system will aid with the development of the EH & S Management program. DRUG AND ALCOHOL POLICY Canadian business is undergoing a fundamental shift in attitudes regarding substance use in the workplace. For many years substance use and productivity were seen as separate issues. Today, the connection between alcohol and drug use and worker’s safety, morale, absenteeism, and job turnover, as well as the ability of business to compete in the national and international marketplace, are widely recognized. For these reasons, Macro Industries Inc. is taking steps to eliminate substance use from the workplace. Although no evidence exists to demonstrate that alcohol and illicit drug abuse is more pervasive in our industry than in any other section of society, Macro has an obligation to ensure employee safety and public trust. This obligation warrants that zero tolerance for drugs and alcohol must be the standard for a healthy and safe work environment. The use of controlled or illegal substances, on or off duty, impairs the efficiency of employees, undermines company confidence in them and makes it difficult for other employees who do not abuse alcohol or illicit drugs to perform their jobs effectively. Substance abuse, on or off duty, by employees also can pose a serious health and safety threat to the other employees and members of the public. Employees and sub-contractors reporting for work

1. Are expected to be sober, well rested and fit for duty II-8


2. If under the influence of alcohol or drugs, including prescription or over the counter medication must advise their supervisor accordingly upon reporting for work, or when contracted to work on an emergency or other unscheduled basis.

3. If perceived by a supervisor to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs will be immediately removed from the workplace and be evaluated by the supervisor

4. If unfit for duty, the employee’s condition will be noted and will result in disciplinary action

5. Off-duty consumption of alcohol and drugs, which adversely affects an employee’s job, performance, or which could jeopardize the safety of other employees, Macro’s customers, the public, or company property, is proper cause for disciplinary action including termination of employment.

MACRO INDUSTRIES INC will

1. Promote a working environment that does not tolerate the inappropriate use of alcohol and/or drugs

2. Conduct an investigation of work related accidents and incidents including the possibility that the use of alcohol and/or drugs may have been a contributing factor

3. Ensure employees comply with legislation, company policy and Occupational Health and Safety Standards

MACRO INDUSTRIES INC prohibits 1. Possession, use, or sale of illicit drugs or alcohol on job sites 2. Being unfit for work due to the misuse of drugs and/or alcohol 3. Being unfit for work due to the misuse of over the counter or prescription medication 4. Intentional misuse of medication on job sites

As a responsible employer, and as a company dedicated to the pursuit of excellence, Macro Industries Inc. is concerned with eliminating the effects and dangers of alcohol and drug abuse from the workplace and from the job sites. Accordingly, Macro’s Drug and Alcohol Policy is aimed at establishing as safe and productive work environment as possible. This policy will be incorporated into the terms and conditions of employment with Macro Industries Inc.

_____________________ _____________________ Frank Miles Mark Dodge President Secretary Treasurer Dated (September 18, 2005)

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SAFETY INSPECTION POLICY It is the policy of Macro to conduct Safety Inspections at the start of each project and as conditions change. Safety Inspections will be conducted with the direct involvement of each project’s supervisor. A formal report with a plan of action and target dates to correct any hazards will be completed within 48 hours of the inspection. The purposes of the Safety Inspection are:

1. Identify any safety code violations 2. Identify any existing and potential hazards 3. Determine the root causes of existing or potential hazards 4. Monitor hazard controls 5. Determine corrective action to minimize or eliminate hazards 6. Reinforce and promote safe work practices

When conducting a Safety Inspection, the following steps will be taken:

1. Assemble the people responsible for inspection – representatives from Macro management, workers, and client

2. Discuss the possible hazards 3. Tour the entire operation 4. Look for possible hazards originating with environment, material, equipment and people 5. Keep asking “What if…?” 6. Mark all items that need attention 7. Review the findings 8. Rank items in order of severity, one being the most severe 9. Use this safety manual to set up a plan to control the hazards that have been identified

Some things to keep in mind when performing the Safety Inspection include, but are not limited to:

1. What equipment parts would cause the most serious problems if they became unsafe? 2. Jagged edges, leakage, worn areas, improper pressure, fumes, noise, or other problems

may indicate a potential hazard 3. Are workers using appropriate safe work practices? 4. Good housekeeping practices 5. Items indicated on the Construction Hazard Assessment Checklist

MAINTENANCE PROGRAM POLICY It is the policy of Macro Industries to maintain all tools and equipment in a condition that will maximize the safety of all personnel. To accomplish this, a “Maintenance Program” shall be maintained and include the following components:

1. Adherence to applicable regulations, standards, and manufacturer’s specifications 2. Services of appropriately qualified maintenance personnel 3. Scheduling and documentation of all maintenance work II-10


The supervisor shall be responsible for the application of the program in his/her area of responsibility. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL PPRROOTTEECCTTIIOONN PPLLAANN The following section is used as a guide to good environmental practice. Environmental Policy Macro Industries Inc. is committed to the preservation and protection of our environment. It is Macro Industries’ policy that environmental protection and compliance with applicable laws, permits, and/or standards will be mandatory, for all management, staff, employees, and subcontractors, and that all activities are conducted in accordance with this policy. Macro Industries Inc. guarantees that all supervisors and workers involved will do their part by understanding, enforcing and ensuring that all applicable rules are met. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SAFETY POLICY The following will be observed and practiced by Macro contractors and Macro employees when Macro undertakes any job or contract:

1. All employees, guests, and visitors will wear CSA approved safety glasses, CSA grade 1 safety boots, long trousers, CSA approved hard hats, and any other specialty Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required for the job site.

2. All PPE used by Macro will be within the requirements of OH&S regulations and CSA

standards.

3. All PPE used by Macro will be maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and requirements. Macro will normally provide all PPE with the exception of boots, gloves, Trousers and shirts. Unique circumstances may require that Macro provide these on occasion.

4. The employee using the PPE will inspect company issued PPE at time of issue and before

each use.

5. All PPE that is of questionable reliability, damaged or in need of service or repair will be removed from service immediately.

6. All PPE that has been removed from service will be tagged “OUT OF SERVICE”. Any

PPE so tagged will not be returned to service until repaired and inspected by a qualified person. II-11


7. The company will maintain appropriate inspection and service logs for specialty PPE.

8. No piece of PPE will be modified or changed contrary to manufacturer’s instructions or

specifications or OH&S regulations. 9. The safety information in this policy does not take precedence over OH&S regulations.

All employees should be familiar with the OH&S act and regulations. FIRE PREVENTION POLICY It is the policy of our company to take all reasonable and practical measures to safe guard employees, maintain services to our customers and to prevent fire damage or loss to equipment and properties. MACRO will, as directed by management, assist in fire fighting activities in our project areas if requested by the local authorities. To implement this policy requires the cooperation and coordination of all employees and all levels of management. The supervisor in charge shall:

1. Correct fire hazards brought to their attention 2. Receive all reports of fire and implement corrective actions 3. Have all fire fighting equipment, which has been used or appears to be defective

recharged or replaced and put back into service immediately 4. Arrange for inspections of all equipment and property under their control

SAFETY MONITORING POLICY 1. All employees are responsible for reporting any incidents, accidents, or potential unsafe conditions as they are observed.

2. Any infractions and/or potential unsafe conditions shall be recorded on the Incident/Accident form at the time they are observed, brought to the attention of the project supervisor, and corrective action will be initiated immediately. If immediate corrective action is not possible, the hazard(s) will be identified with markers as unsafe until proper corrective action can be taken.

3. On regular basis, a written audit of potential safety infractions will be compiled by a

management appointee and submitted to Macro’s project supervisor using the Hazard Assessment form. Follow-up will be recorded on the same form as the infraction was recorded on. Employees will be informed on the day an audit is scheduled.

4. The operator on a daily basis using the log of Daily Crane Safety Inspections will inspect

all cranes. These forms will be retained in the crane for audits.

5. Macro is committed to assessing all work sites for existing and potential hazards on a continuous basis and to initiating corrective actions to remove or preclude hazards to


avoid incidents and accidents. The principle purposes for reporting accidents is to ensure that any injured workers receive the benefits to which they are entitled and to ensure that information regarding the accidents is received by the proper people who are able to assist in preventing similar occurrences elsewhere. Some requirements in reporting are presented here to assure that all persons utilize a uniform method of reporting and recording accidents on all Projects.

ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT INVESTIGATION POLICY

Responsibilities

1. Overall Project field safety reports and records are the responsibility of the site supervisor / foreman. He may designate as required other staff to compile and complete the reports.

2. Field reports and records will be completed immediately after each accident or incident using one of the Accident Report forms or the Incident/Accident Report forms supplied as the supervisor deems appropriate. These reports will be submitted to the office within 48 hours.

3. Investigations of all incidents will be conducted by the appropriate individual as assigned by the Operations Manager.

4. Workers’ Compensation Reports shall be completed by Macro for Macro personnel within 72 hours of a Lost Time Accident Occurring.

5. Occupational Health and Safety will be notified by Macro in the event of a serious injury accident or an occurrence, which could have caused serious injury.

Reporting Initial Occurrence (First Aid)

Any occurrence of injury or illness reported shall be recorded in the First Aid Treatment Book. The book will be kept in the First Aid kit at each of the work sites. Entries in the logbook shall be made by the Macro designated first aid representative. The information shall be kept confidential.

Reporting Damage or Loss

Each accident involving property damage or loss will require the completion of an Accident/Incident Report Form.

Incident Investigation and Reporting

An incident is an event, which cannot be classified as an accident ie. no fatality, medical aid, lost time accident or property damage but could easily have resulted in an accident under different circumstances. Normal work production may be temporarily affected.

Examples of incidents, which need to be investigated including near misses, selected first aid cases, vehicle mishaps, which do not result in injury or property damage, fires which do not result in injury or property damage and security violations.

The principle purpose of investigating an incident is to determine the cause of the incident and to ascertain whether procedural changes are required to prevent a re-occurrence.

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The responsibility for ensuring reporting is done is that of the immediate site supervisor and the responsibility for ensure that accidents and incidents are investigated is that of the Operations Manager.

Incidents will be reported on the Incident/Accident Report form. Reports complete with recommendations for action, if any, and designated individual to take action shall be completed within two working days of the occurrence of the incident. Discussion of incidents and recommendations shall be on the agenda of Macro’s Weekly Toolbox Meetings. RETURN TO WORK POLICY Macro Industries Inc. is committed to providing a safe workplace for our employees and sub-contractors. Preventing work related illness and injury is our first priority. Our early return to work program provides opportunities for an employee who is injured on the job to return to work at full pre-injury duty. The program provides opportunities to perform his or her regular job with modifications or, when available, to perform meaningful alternate temporary work that meets the injured workers capabilities. RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT POLICY

1. Macro will supply and maintain respiratory Protective Equipment as required for the job according to OH&S regulations and client standards. The Site Supervisor is responsible for selecting the appropriate respiratory protective equipment for his/her site.

2. To facilitate the use of Respiratory Protective Equipment, workers must be clean-shaven.

Moustaches are permissible provided they do not interfere with the seals of breathing apparatus. Refer to Head and Facial Hair Policy.

The use of Respiratory Protection is mandatory where workers will be exposed to hazardous vapors, gases, or dust exceeding OH&S or client exposure standards.

3. Respiratory Protection must be available for use during any situation where potential for exposure to hazardous vapors, gases, or dust exists.

4. SCBA or SABA must be available for any entry into tanks, vessels, towers, stacks, or any

other situation where oxygen levels may drop below 19.5%. Its use will be considered standard for rescues under these conditions.

5. Examples of hazardous vapors, gases, or dust include, but are not limited to, sulphuric

acid, H2S or asbestos. Supervisors and workers will refer to MSDS for compounds, which are expected to be on site.

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HEAD AND FACIAL HAIR POLICY This policy is regarding permissible lengths of head and facial hair, and applies to Macro personnel and visitors who are required to enter any plant, processing area, or well site operated by the Client. Anyone failing to comply with this policy will be refused access to the site. The Macro Supervisor will enforce the policy. These rules are to ensure safe practice and are required for the following purposes:

1. To ensure the effective use of breathing apparatus or mechanical resuscitator. 2. To prevent the entanglement of hair in moving parts or equipment, or other dangers.

Beards and Facial Hair

Beards are not acceptable. These directly interfere with the ability to obtain a seal with air masks and resuscitation equipment. The onus will be on the employee and the employee’s supervisor to ensure a proper seal can be made on all moustaches, goatees and Manchurians, when a resuscitator micro head is applied for the purpose of resuscitation. HARASSMENT POLICY

1. Macro Industries Inc is committed to the principle of equal access to employment, training, development, and career opportunities for all employees based on job-related abilities, experience, and performance.

2. Every effort shall be made to ensure there will be no discrimination, interference,

restriction, coercion, harassment, or intimidation exercised or practiced with respect to an employee by reason of age, race, creed, color, national origin, political affiliation, religious affiliation, sex, physical or emotional handicap, sexual orientation or marital status.

3. Everyone has the right to be treated fairly in the workplace.

4. Sexual harassment is not to be tolerated by any worker.

5. All employees shall avoid creating situations that are considered to be demeaning,

offensive, or embarrassing to individuals or groups.

6. Every effort shall be made to ensure that no employee is subjected to sexual harassment.

7. Sexual harassment shall be defined as, but not limited to, any incident or series of incidents related to sexuality, that may be verbal, physical, deliberate, unsolicited, or unwelcome.

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WORKPLACE VIOLENCE POLICY STATEMENT Macro Industries Inc accepts an obligation to provide a healthy, safe work environment. Macro Industries Inc is committed to providing a violence-free environment and recognizes that workplace violence is a health and safety issue. An employee who is a victim of workplace violence will be treated with respect and consideration and Macro Industries Inc. will support the employee’s rights. II-16


NON-COMPLIANCE POLICY Purpose The intent of this policy is to set guidelines for dealing with non-compliance with our Safety Program. All noncompliance actions shall be aimed at preventing infractions from reoccurring. Policy Noncompliance action is appropriate when an infraction of Macro Industries Inc. or government safety rules and/or regulations occurs, or when lapse in performance or personal behavior impacts the safety and/or efficiency of Macro Industries Inc.

1. Verbal Warning – discussion of violation and the more severe actions should the offence be repeated.

2. Written Warning – same as above; copy also to go to upper management. 3. Discharge – this action is only considered in the most serious of cases, where other

noncompliance actions have failed. Depending on severity of the situation, steps 1 and 2 may be omitted. Step 3 would then be the first and last disciplinary action. Responsibilities Employees Understanding Non Compliant action, and the repercussion of such actions Superintendents Unbiased enforcing of this policy Managers Review all infractions and unbiased support of this policy.

_____________________ _____________________ Frank Miles Mark Dodge President Secretary Treasurer Dated: (September 18, 2005) II-17


SAFE WORK ALONE POLICY Macro Industries Inc. has developed safe work procedures specific to working alone in order to maximize the awareness of potential hazards and ensuring constant communication between workers and supervisors/dispatch. Working alone in certain circumstances or environments may be unsafe and requires special arrangements to minimize potential risks of injury and maximize safe work practices. Supervisors and all workers associated with Macro Industries are required to make every effort to assess hazards, conditions and circumstances to avoid unnecessary risk, to ensure and maintain safe work conditions and a safe work environment. Workers have been given the tools to assess their surroundings, potential hazards and to take the necessary precautions to ensure the safety of themselves. Macro Industries ensures that all workers are provided with the necessary means of communication as required. Workers are also expected to keep emergency telephone numbers which have also been provided by Macro, readily accessible. Macro Industries Inc. will assess the hazards involved with specific duties and will implement appropriate hazard control measures. Any concerns about safely working alone should be brought to the attention of the supervisor, management, or safety coordinator for immediate resolution. II-18


PPAARRTT 33:: GGEENNEERRAALL RRUULLEESS These rules exist to ensure the safety of personnel at and around the work site.

Infractions may be punished by means ranging from a reprimand to termination, depending on the nature and severity of the infraction.

All the necessary precautions must be taken to ensure the safety of all personnel at or

around the work site. Property and equipment on or adjacent to the work site must be properly protected from

possible damage. Any person causing willful damage to any Macro client, or public property will be

terminated. Any safety concerns expressed by the Client must be immediately attended to, with

appropriate action taken. Near misses; events, which did not cause injury or damage, but still provide a useful

lesson, must be reported. ALL accidents, no matter how minor, must be reported to the appropriate personnel

immediately. ALL employees on site must attend weekly safety meetings and daily safety talks.

Under no circumstances will anyone under the influence of illegal drugs or alcohol be

allowed on the Client’s property. Anyone under the influence of illegal drugs or alcohol, or anyone found with illegal drugs or alcohol at the work site shall be dismissed immediately.

Employees taking medication must report this to their supervisor. The supervisor may

place restrictions on the employee’s activity as he feels appropriate. Fighting or horseplay will not be tolerated and will be cause for immediate dismissal.

Any handicaps such as hearing, poor vision or color blindness, phobias, or otherwise,

should be reported. Radios, disc/tape player headphones and cell phones are not permitted on the work site.

Employees shall use toilets where provided.

All wellheads and live equipment shall be identified. III-19


Workers shall not ride in the back of any trucks, or on any piece of equipment, unless

safe and suitable seating accommodations have been provided. The number of passengers in the cab shall not exceed the number of seat belts provided.

Flammable materials shall not be carried within the crew compartment of a vehicle used

to transport workers. Each vehicle must be inspected daily for any hazardous defect. All vehicle drivers on hills and curves shall exercise extra care and caution.

CSA approved hard hats and safety toed boots must be worn at all times by all workers

unless exemption is received from Macro in writing. No all-terrain vehicles, trail bikes, motorcycles or other recreational vehicles are allowed

on any project, unless they are specifically being used for the work. No slings, buffers, grinders, etc, to be carried on operators’ lap; they must be secured on the carrier.

No burning of garbage or rubbish. It must be cleaned up and disposed of properly. All

used oil must be contained and disposed of properly. Respiratory equipment must be on site when required. Safety tags are provided for

employee protection, and they shall be used whenever warranted. All employees shall observe tag warnings, and tags shall be removed when no longer needed.

Every immediate supervisor shall make certain that his employees clearly understand the

circumstances of the job to be performed and the safe practices necessary to perform it without accident or injury.

On occasions when new or hazardous work is to be performed, the supervisor shall call

his men together for a thorough discussion on the safety aspects of the job. Every new employee shall be thoroughly indoctrinated in safety on the job at the time he

is hired. It is also the responsibility of the supervisor to assist in the teaching of safe working practices to the new or inexperienced employees.

Each employee should be sure that he understands the hazards involved in any duty he is

about to perform, and that all necessary precautions will be taken. Shift men or relief crews coming on duty shall be informed, by the crews they are

relieving of any unusual circumstances, or if any changes that might present hazardous conditions.

Employees, especially when working with or around moving machinery shall not wear

loose, baggy or ragged clothing. Keep all walking and working surfaces clean, clear, and free of obstructions. III-20


Lights on for safety.

Tools and other materials should not be left lying around.

First Aid kits and fire extinguishers on all operated vehicles.

Do not open or close valves unless authorized. Do not activate any electrical switches

unless authorized. Post all signs for power lines, open excavations, tab-tone areas and speed limits.

All Macro signs are erected for definite purposes and should be observed whenever they

are encountered. Signs should be placed where they will render the greatest service, should be maintained in good condition, and when erected for temporary purposes, be removed when they are no longer needed.

Barricade all open excavations as necessary.

Emergency numbers to be posted.

No trespassing off right-of-way or work site.

WHMIS and Transportation & Handling of Dangerous Goods regulations to be strictly

adhered to. Private vehicles are not allowed on work sites or right-of-ways unless used specifically

for the job. Park by backing in, only in designated areas. Workers shall not start any mechanical equipment unless they are thoroughly familiar

with its operation, and they have been authorized to do so. All Scaffolds must be tagged as either safe or unsafe.

Conditions must be stated on unsafe scaffolds as to what is wrong so it can be corrected.

In addition, all special conditions applying to safe scaffolds must be noted on the tag. Note: harnesses required

All ladders are to be inspected prior to use. The height to base ratio must be 4 to 1.

All ladders must be secured at the top or stabilized at the base.

When using a stepladder one must never use the top two rungs.

Whenever working above ground or below and requiring tools, always use a rope to raise

or lower needed tools. III-21


Housekeeping 1. All unused materials must be stored in an allocated area. 2. Tools and other unused equipment must be stored accordingly. 3. Oily and greasy rags must never be left lying around. 4. Walkways must be kept free of ice and snow in winter. 5. Walkways must be kept free of any obstacles at all times. 6. Spills must be cleaned up immediately. 7. There must be no burning of garbage or rubbish. It must be cleaned up, collected and

disposed of properly. Signs

1. Signs must be placed to indicate nearby overhead power lines. 2. Signs must be posted as necessary to indicate areas where high pressure testing is being

conducted. 3. Open excavations should be barricaded and or fenced off.

Gates

All gates must be kept closed. Animals

No animals shall be allowed on any work site or any vehicle unless used in the course of work.

Temporary Power Lines

Temporary power lines will be installed in a manner to prevent the storage of material beneath the line and to prevent the travel of mobile equipment under or near the line.

Temporary Power Sources

All sources of temporary power (electrical, air or gas, etc.) must be properly installed and maintained in good condition. All distribution lines must be properly supported and must not constitute a hazard to workers.

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PPAARRTT 44:: SSAAFFEETTYY MMEEEETTIINNGGSS Pre-Construction Safety Meetings If the client so chooses, Macro will attend a Pre-Construction Safety Meeting prior to the project start date. Project Safety Orientation Sessions Attendance at a Project Safety Orientation Session is a prerequisite to working at any Project Construction site or pipeline right of way with the exception of those persons granted visitor status. All workers will also be required to attend a site specific safety orientation at individual sites. The supervisor performing the orientation will go through this manual using the Orientation Checklist as a guide. Toolbox Safety Meetings Daily:

This is a short, pre-job meeting to discuss the work of the day, the hazards involved and the precautions to be taken where a critical task is planned, this meeting shall be time recorded and an attendance record taken. Attendance should be limited to the workers on a particular job and their immediate supervisor(s). Meeting topics should be of concern to the job at hand. Workers should feel free to discuss immediate concerns. The supervisor will review pertinent work procedures at this meeting.

Weekly: These meetings are similar to the daily meetings but additional time will be scheduled so that major topics of safety and discussions on resolution of previous safety items can be discussed. Attendance of the entire crew is mandatory. Meetings shall be time recorded and an attendance record will be signed by all present. The client shall be advised of all scheduled meetings, shall attend if possible, and shall receive copies of Macro’s minutes and attendance records.

JOINT OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY and HEALTH COMMITTEE Macro Industries on average employs 100 workers. At peak time the number could rise to 400 employees usually for short frames of time (3-4 months). Monthly safety meetings will be held, where accident/incident investigation reports will be reviewed. Unsafe work practices, conditions and safety concerns brought up by the workers will be documented. Management will take action on all items discussed. A record will be kept of the meeting in the main office and appropriate action taken. A copy of the safety meeting minutes shall be posted as reference for the workers. IV-23


PPAARRTT 55:: EEMMEERRGGEENNCCYY RREESSPPOONNSSEE PPLLAANNSS Scope Macro Industries is a local contracting company located in Fort St John BC, servicing British Columbia, Alberta, Yukon and Northwest Territories. Macro Industries approaches all jobs with the utmost of safety in mind. As a result, the possibility of a hazardous incident or a release of any hazardous materials (toxic/flammable vapor/emissions) occurring is extremely remote, when working on new facilities or existing facilities. Nevertheless Macro Industries has developed an emergency response plan (ERP) specific to each project, should an incident occur. The ERP describes the emergency actions and procedures which Macro Industries shall implement if an incident occurs that causes, or has the potential to cause a hazardous material/ substance release or a dangerous situation to company, contract personnel, local equipment operators, the general public, public property or the environment. Purpose The purpose of the ERP is to:

1. Enhance the safety of the public, company personnel and the environment. 2. Provide company personnel with established procedures to notify emergency response

organizations and government agencies as required, of any problem that may result in a hazardous material release; isolate and evacuate the hazard area upon notification of an emergency situation.

3. Eliminate or minimize the effects emergency incidents have on existing facilities or installation of new sites.

Emergency Preparedness and Training Preparatory Measures: The following measures shall be completed in preparation for ERP implementation:

1. Meetings shall be conducted with all Macro Industries supervisors and workers on how to implement the ERP.

2. Safety equipment ie. SCBA & gas detectors required for ERP implementation have been identified and the locations recorded Note: see Safety Equipment

Personnel Training Macro Industries Inc safety representatives and supervisors are responsible for implementing training requirements should an emergency exist: 1. Conduct pre-job plans and meetings prior to performing critical jobs or tasks to:

a) Encourage personnel to report unsafe working conditions or equipment. b) Allow personnel to familiarize themselves with specific equipment they may be

required to use. 3. Ensure adequate safety equipment is available on-site and all personnel are using the

appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). 4. Conduct informal and formal safety inspections to identify and correct potentially

hazardous conditions. V-24


Revisions and Updates Macro Industries shall endeavor to ensure the information contained within this ERP remains current. In order to accomplish this, the safety rep shall be responsible for the following ERP requirements. - communicate with local levels of government on a regular basis to ensure the ERP continues to interface with the local authorities emergency plan (Fort St John, Taylor, Fort Nelson etc). Emergency Levels An emergency shall be considered as any accident / incident or event, where a hazardous material releases or an accident/incident occurs that has the potential to result in loss of life, serious injury, significant loss or damage of company property, environmental damage or a situation which may pose a threat to the safety of the general public, company personnel or the environment. Emergency Reporting and Investigation The initial indication that a problem has occurred may be a surface accumulation of liquid, a release of hazardous material (gas) or odor. Notification of the problem will likely be:

1. report from the public 2. report from an operator or supervisor 3. report from other contract personnel 4. activation of a process alarm (high/low pressure shut downs, closing of an emergency

shut down ESD valve or an alarm)

All odor complaints, public concerns or abnormal operating situations reported to or observed by company personnel shall be investigated and acted upon without delay. Personnel receiving the initial report and investigating the problem shall record all pertinent information on the incident report contained in the safety manual. NOTE: Do not approach a hazardous condition alone or without the proper personal protective equipment (breathing apparatus SCBA and portable gas detection). Always employ the buddy system, and if necessary, await the arrival of additional personnel and equipment. Once the location and magnitude of the problem has been determined, the senior on site Macro Industries’ representative shall assume all responsibilities and activate the ERP if the situation warrants. The procedures developed for the implementation of this plan include instructions to:

1. Notify company and contract personnel, government agencies and external support services.

2. Isolate and evacuate the hazard area to prevent or reduce harm to the public, company personnel, the environment or property.

3. Establish an area for company personnel to locate to a) manage on-site activities b) provide direction and support personnel

V-25


This plan is implemented using the following emergency levels. Normally, it is initiated at Level A. However, if the initial problem is severe, it may be initiated at a Level B or C emergency. Level A An emergency state that forces normal operations to be temporarily suspended or shut

down. There is no danger to personnel or the public outside of company property or area being worked in. Personnel and equipment on-site can control the situation.

Level B An emergency state which has the potential to extend beyond the boundaries of

company property or areas of work. There is no immediate danger to the public, but external support services may be required ie police, fire department, ambulance etc

Level C An emergency state where safe operating control has been lost and which has extended

beyond the boundaries of company properties and areas of work. EMERGENCY CRITERIA and ACTION LEVEL A: The following criteria constitutes a “Level A” emergency:

1. Public concern ie. odor complaint 2. An injury, which requires medical aid but does not result in lost time. 3. A spill or release of a hazardous/toxic substance, product, by-product or waste; which is

contained on-site and does not exceed regulatory reporting or requirements. 4. Small contained fire or explosion.

Action:

1. Evaluate the situation and don the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). 2. Take action to prevent further injuries, environmental damage and loss of equipment. 3. Isolate the hazard area. 4. Provide first aid to the injured and request medical services as required. 5. Notify Macro’s office and company managers. 6. Notify the appropriate government agencies. 7. Record all pertinent information on accident/incident forms.

LEVEL B: The following criteria constitutes a “Level B” emergency:

1. An injury (including a contractor injury), which results in lost time. 2. A potential threat to the public or public property. 3. Property damage of $7,500.00 to $50,000.00. 4. A spill or release of a hazardous or toxic substance, product, by-product or waste, which

migrates off company property, which has an impact on the environment or requires regulatory reporting.

5. Large hydrocarbon release from equipment or piping. 6. Major fire or explosion. V-26


Action: 1. Perform Level A activities not completed. 2. Notify the necessary management authorities. 3. Call out industry support services (fire fighters, safety services) as required. 4. Alert off-duty personnel and place on standby. 5. Notify the necessary government agencies. 6. Record all pertinent information on accident/incident forms.

LEVEL C: The following criteria constitutes a “Level C” emergency:

1. A fatality. 2. Imminent threat to the public property. 3. A spill or release of a hazardous or toxic substance, product, by-product, waste or process

emission which results in significant environmental impact, constitutes a threat to life, property or community and requires regulatory reporting, clean up and disposal.

4. Uncontrolled hydrocarbon release from equipment or piping. 5. Vandalism, sabotage or theft over $50,000.00.

Action:

1. Perform Level A and B activities not completed 2. Notify management 3. Mobilize off-duty personnel 4. Notify appropriate government agencies 5. Ensure public safety and evacuate if necessary 6. Record all pertinent information on accident/incident forms

Post Emergency Procedures The decision to reduce the emergency level or return to normal operation shall be made by Macro Industries or the company for which they have been contracted to work. If there is no further hazard to the public, the affected area shall then return to normal operations. NOTE: All pertinent accident/incident logs shall be accurate and legible for any further investigations if necessary and will be kept on file.

Equipment Trailer and Safety Equipment 1. 4x4 MTC, First Aid Attendant (ticketed at level 3), telephone, mobile radio, first aid

camper 2. SCBAs (self contained breathing apparatus) 3. Fire extinguishers, 30 lb Annuls BC rating 4. Gas detectors, 02, LEL, H2S detection 5. Full body harnesses with lifelines 6. Necessary signs for pipeline crossings (road, hydro lines) 7. PPE (personal protective equipment) 8. Fire retardant coveralls 9. Barrier tape

V-27


PPAARRTT 66:: OORRIIEENNTTAATTIIOONN AANNDD TTRRAAIINNIINNGG OOFF WWOORRKKEERRSS All employees are required to have valid H2S and WHMIS Certifications and must attend Macro’s safety orientation. Macro offers on the job training for all trades in conjunction with government apprenticeship programs where they exist. Fellow experienced workers will be made aware of inexperienced workers and will assist in making them aware of work procedures, possible hazards, etc. The co-workers, foreman, supervisor and safety coordinator will be consulted as to the progress of new employees with regards to the knowledge of and ability to handle the duties to which a worker is assigned.

Management Macro management will regularly attend training seminars to keep them up to date on safety research and regulations. Supervision of Workers Supervisors will

1. Ensure all workers receive an orientation prior to beginning work on a project. 2. Instruct workers in general site rules and safe work procedures. 3. Provide training in jobs requiring extra skill or knowledge and ensure equipment and tool

operators show that they can do the job safely before being allowed to operate without direct supervision.

4. Ensure workers are provided with appropriate personal protective equipment. 5. Observe workers, work practices, and site operation and correct when necessary. 6. Keep a record of instruction, training, and corrective measures taken on the forms

provided. 7. Set a good example to workers and subcontractors. 8. Ensure that all accidents requiring medical aid are investigated, recorded, and that

corrective action is taken.

Inspection and Monitoring (Hazard Assessment) Safety inspections of the site shall be done at intervals that will prevent the development of unsafe working conditions. All unsafe practices and conditions shall be recorded and corrected without delay. Copies of the inspection reports will be posted for the workers for reference. The previous inspection report shall be reviewed prior to each inspection to ensure follow-up is done. WHMIS Macro’s Responsibilities Macro will provide as part of the Safety Orientation Session for all workers a basic WHMIS review, which will include a description of the WHMIS program, general description of types of controlled products, labeling requirements, MSDS requirements and symbols. VI-28


Macro shall also be responsible for the following: 1. Checking labeling of products brought on site. 2. Re-labeling of products brought on site. 3. Checking MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) 4. Providing MSDS information to worker’s handling the products

Deficiencies found by auditing the level of understanding of the WHMIS system may require any of the following:

1. Additional training of supervisors. 2. Additional training of employees. 3. Removal from site of improperly labeled products. 4. Improvement of MSDS information flow

Client Responsibilities When the client is aware of any possibility that Macro employees and associated sub-contractors may come into contact with controlled products, it is the client’s responsibility to ensure that the Macro office is notified and that MSDS are made available to Macro before work commences. Monitoring of Workplace Exposures Management shall monitor: During pre-job or award meetings, prior to commencing work with any company, Macro’s management and supervision are made aware of any possible exposures to harmful substances or hazards and ensure that exposures are maintained at or below permissible concentrations for example chemical agents such as asbestos, concrete dust, H2S, etc and physical agents such as noise, traffic, etc and Biological agents such as, urine and blood specimens. First Aid Services and Equipment Management shall provide and maintain first aid services, supplies and equipment required by the Industrial First Aid regulations on all shifts.

1. Workers will be instructed in the procedure for summoning first aid 2. Workers will promptly report all injuries to the first aid attendant. 3. Treatment record books shall be maintained and kept in company ETVs or MTCs. 4. Written procedures have been developed for evacuation of injured workers specific to

each worksite. 5. All first aid procedures will be kept in ETVs with one copy in main office. 6. Records of incidents/accidents as well as form 7 and form 7As will be kept in the main

office, located in Fort St. John. Modified Work Program Macro Industries has in effect a modified work program to accommodate employees who have job related injuries that are severe enough to hamper their health, performance, or safety with regards to their regular duties but not severe enough to hinder them in the performance of certain tasks which would require less effort.

VI-29


These operations will only be done in consultation with the employee and his or her physician. Our light duty program includes but is not restricted to the following activities: 1. Light truck driver Hotshot and parts pickup 2. Light office duties Telephone answering, filing 3. Light warehouse duties Filing, inventory, etc. 4. Light janitorial duties Office, shop, warehouse 5. Light maintenance/construction duties Sign making, monitoring, testing, etc. Macro Industries Inc. is committed to assisting our workers who have been injured on the job to return to work as soon and safe as possible. A Macro Industries representative will accompany any worker receiving medical treatment and introduce our Return to Work package for their review and completion. Incident and Accident Reporting & Investigation Management has set forth procedures for reporting and investigating incidents and accidents. These are critical steps in preventing accidents or incidents from reoccurring Definitions Incident: An undesired event that, under

slightly different circumstances, could have resulted in personal harm, property damage, or loss. These are also referred to as “near misses”.

Accident: An undesired event that results in physical harm to a person or damage to property.

Types of Events to Report1. Fatalities 2. Injuries or occupational illnesses

that prevent a worker from performing regular tasks

3. Injuries that can be treated at the worksite

4. Any emergency or loss, such as a motor vehicle accident, equipment damage, fire, explosion, vandalism or spill

5. All incidents including near missesSupervisors will manage the response to the event and notify the appropriate authorities where necessary Records and Statistics Safety program management is a dynamic and constantly evolving process. You must maintain records to keep track of this process. These records provide ready reference of program activities and results. They provide the information necessary to assess the program, make necessary modifications and plan for future activities. As well, there are regulatory requirements for some records. If WCB or OH&S come to your site to do an audit or inspection, your records can be a proud demonstration of your safety achievements. The records and statistics component of a safety program should contain reports on file, summaries and statistics. Reports on File Safety related reports that are kept on file should be stored so that they are readily available. Reports that should be kept on file include:

1. Safety orientation forms (filed by year, alphabetical) VI-30


2. Minutes of toolbox meetings (filed by job number) 3. Reports of formal inspections (filed by date and level of inspection) 4. Incident investigation reports (filed by date) 5. First aid treatment reports (filed by date) (regulatory requirement)

All forms or reports should be neat and readable, completely filled out and signed/dated by the appropriate worker, supervisor and/or manager. Summaries Summaries of safety related reports provide management with an overview of their program’s activities and results. Examining summaries will help in determining trends and setting priorities for future safety program measures. Medical Examination and Health Monitoring Management shall do this when workers’ exposure meets or exceeds the criteria of the regulations. Example: Hearing test for all workers exposed to noise at 90 DBA for 8 hours. Hearing Conservation Program The management shall ensure that:

1. Hearing protective devices are available for all workers. 2. Noise hazard signs are posted in areas, which require hearing protection. 3. All persons entering noise hazard areas use hearing protection. 4. Annual hearing tests are conducted.

Respiratory Program Employees and sub-contractors of Macro will be required to have proper fit tests performed prior to the use of any respirators. Qualified personnel will conduct these fit tests and documentation will be on file at Macro’s main office. The banana oil test is one option that will be conducted for fit testing the respirator. The banana oil will be passed close to the respirator near the sealing surface, taking care to avoid skin contact. During the test, a wearer should:

1. Make movements, which would approximate a normal working situation. 2. Perform side-to-side and nodding head movements. 3. Breathe deeply, as during heavy exertion. 4. Talk or speak loudly with the mask on.

Once obtaining proper fit, fill out fit test record. Fit Testing Records The following records will be kept on file for the duration of employment for whom fit test was performed on:

1. Name of person tested 2. Date and time of test 3. Make, model, style and size of respirator 4. Type of fit testing and test agent used 5. Comments on test difficulties (eye wear, dentures and facial features) 6. Name of person giving test VI-31


PPAARRTT 77:: SSAAFFEE WWOORRKK PPRRAACCTTIICCEESS 1. Equipment Operation and Maintenance ………………………………………….33 2. Vehicle Operation ………………………………………………………………….34 3. WHMIS ………………………………………………………………………….34 4. Transportation of Dangerous Goods ………………………………………………….35 5. Ground Disturbance ………………………………………………………………...35 6. Working over Water ………………………………………………………………….36 7. Explosives ………………………………………………………………………….37 8. Excavations ………………………………………………………………………….39 9. Power Lines (Energized High Voltage)…….………………………………………….40 10. Confined Space Entry ………………………………………………………….42 11. Preparation of Right-of-Way ………………………………………………………….42 12. Pipe Handling………………………………………………………………………….43 13. Bending ………………………………………………………………………….44 14. Boring and Drilling ………………………………………………………………….44 15. Pipe Laying ………………………………………………………………………….46 16. Radioactive Inspection (X-ray) ………………………………………………….46 17. Coating ………………………………………………………………………….47 18. Lower-In ………………………………………………………………………….47 19. Backfilling ………………………………………………………………………….47 20. Tie-Ins ………………………………………………………………………….48 21. Testing ………………………………………………………………………….48 22. Traffic Control ………………………………………………………………….49 23. Rigging and Cranes ………………………………………………………………….49 24. Power Tools ………………………………………………………………………….51 25. Compressed Gas Cylinders and Accessories ………………………………………….51 26. Welding, Grinding, and Cutting Safety ………………………………………….52 27. Ladders ………………………………………………………………………….54 28. Overhead Work ………………………………………………………………….55 29. Scaffolds ………………………………………………………………………….55 30. Vehicles and Mobile Equipment ………………………………………………….55 31. Lockout and Tag out ………………………………………………………………….56 32. Chemicals ………………………………………………………………………….56 33. Use of Explosive/Power Actuated Fastening Tools ………………………………….56 34. Use of Cleaning Solvents ………………………………………………………….57 35. Defective Tools ………………………………………………………………….58 36. Use of Portable Grinders ………………………………………………………….58 37. Attached Cable Clips and Clamping Wire Rope ………………………………….59 38. Use of Compressed Air ………………………………………………………….60 39. Hydro testing ………………………………………………………………………….61 40. Blinding of Vessels and Piping Systems ………………………………………….63 41. Chemical Cleaning and Pickling ………………………………………………….63 42. Hydro Vac ………………………………………………………………………….64

VII-32


1. Equipment Operations and Maintenance

1. Only workers who have demonstrated competency in knowledge and operating capability should be allowed to operate machinery and equipment.

2. Do not operate equipment, which is in an unsafe condition. All operators must make a careful inspection of their equipment at the start of each shift. Equipment deficiencies are to be reported to your supervisor immediately.

3. Log books, shall be located on the equipment and the operator shall ensure they are kept up to date.

4. In provincial jurisdictions where special Licenses are required for select equipment, (ie. Hoist Tickets) the operator shall supply the employer with a copy of such licensing.

5. Seat belts shall be maintained and worn at all times. 6. All heavy equipment shall be equipped with an operational back up alarm. 7. Operators shall keep swampers and oilers within sight at all times.

Danger Zone: Specific equipment Danger Zones must be respected at all times. 8. Oilers and swampers are required to wear fluorescent vests while performing duties. 9. No cleated equipment shall be driven across hard surfaced highways, without protecting the

surface of the highway. Crossing material shall be placed at least one meter (3.25 feet) from the edge of the highway when not in use. (Refer to Section 20).

10. Equipment shall not cross railroads unless authorization has been obtained and/or until authorized flag persons, preferably furnished by the railroad company, have indicated that it is safe to do so.

11. The operator of any crane, pipe layer, dragline, backhoe, or any other lifting device is prohibited from bringing the boom or any part of the machine or load within the arc zone of high voltage lines. Check provincial and local hydro regulations for safe working distances.

12. No worker other than the operator shall ride on a machine unless a seat is provided. 13. All equipment outfitted with a winch shall ensure the operator is protected from the danger of

flying cables by means of a substantial cable guard. 14. When stopped for any reason and the operator dismounts or another worker mounts the

equipment, the operator shall ensure the safety lockout is engaged or the machine is turned off. 15. Where an unattended unit is parked on a sloping ground or adjacent to an excavation, the

operator shall ensure the brakes are applied to the machine and is blocked to prevent movement. 16. Wiping, oiling, adjusting or repairing shall not be undertaken while the machine is in motion.

An oiler or serviceman may carry out oiling and greasing, with only the power unit left running and done under the direction of the operator.

17. When significant adjustments or repairs are necessary, all power units shall be shut down before adjustments or repairs are commenced. Lockout procedures are recommended.

18. No machine shall be operated unless manufacturers’ guards are installed and properly maintained.

19. No one shall climb on any equipment while it is in motion. 20. No other person other than the operator is permitted in the cab while equipment is in operation. 21. The guiding of lines onto drums by means of hand or foot is prohibited. The proper spooling of

lines onto drums shall be ensured by the use of spooling devices or in an emergency, the use of a steel bar. VII-33


22. Wire rope shall be securely fastened to the drums and at least five full turns of wire rope shall be

kept on winding drums at all times. 23. Sheaves and drums, which have become chipped or have worn or broken flanges, rim, spokes,

hubs or grooves shall be replaced. 24. The critical diameter of sheaves used with wire ropes shall be 20 times the diameter of the wire

rope. 25. Suspended machines or heavy parts, beneath which workers must work, shall be blocked. 26. Engines shall not be turned over by means of fan belts or other belts. 27. Decks, platforms, steps, etc. shall be kept free from oil, grease and loose tools.

2. Vehicle Operation

1. Only employees possessing a valid drivers’ license may operate company vehicles. The proper class of license must correspond with the vehicle being operated.

2. The driver shall submit an up-to-date drivers’ abstract prior to commencing duties (where applicable).

3. Suitable provision shall be made for seating employees when they are being transported by vehicle or boat.

4. Vehicles shall not be operated on Provincial or Federal highways in excess of maximum capacity allowed by the applicable government regulations or permit.

5. No stops shall be made on a trestle or bridge for unloading or picking up employees. 6. Crew vehicles shall be pulled off to the side of the road or right-of-way when employees are

boarding or disembarking. Insure four-way flashers are used. 7. When employees are being transported by vehicle, loose equipment or material shall not be

carried in the passenger compartment. 8. Buses and vehicle cabs shall not be used to transport flammable material (i.e. propane bottles,

gas cans, pumps, gen. sets). 9. Each vehicle shall be inspected daily by the driver to whom the vehicle is assigned. Any defect

shall be reported immediately to the driver’s supervisor or the person in charge of equipment maintenance. Any hazardous defects shall be repaired before the vehicle is put into use.

10. No person shall be allowed on the bed of a truck during winching operations. 11. All loads must be adequately secured to prevent movement while being transported. 12. Seat belts when equipped in vehicles shall be worn at all times.

3. Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) Federal and Provincial Regulations shall be observed in respect to the handling of controlled products.

a. Ensure all controlled products are properly labeled. b. Know where the material safety data sheets are for products in your area. c. Use recommended handling procedures, protective clothing and equipment, when working with

controlled products. d. If you are unsure of the classification or do not understand the information, ask your supervisor

for instruction. VII-34


4. Transportation of Dangerous Goods

1. The intent of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (TDG) is to protect the public from the dangers of “transportation” accidents involving dangerous goods.

2. These regulations apply to all modes of transportation including, highway, rail, marine and air. The regulations also provide information to people involved in the handling and transportation of dangerous goods, shippers, receivers and drivers. These people must be trained and certified under TDG Regulations. 3. Certification involves training in:

a. Classifications – the 9 classes of Dangerous Goods. b. Safety Marks – placards for trucks, labels for packages and containers. c. Documentation – shipping document information. d. Reporting – what constitutes a spill or occurrence.

4. The training certificate is valid for 3 years and is issued by your employer. If you change employers your new employer must issue a new certificate. Certificates are not transferable.

5. You must carry this certificate at all times while transporting dangerous goods. 6. On a pipeline project the following employee’s must have TDG training:

Warehouseman, master mechanic, fuel driver, service truck driver, bottle truck driver, preheat truck driver, powder driver, parts driver, foam truck driver.

7. Remember, if you are transporting more that 500 kg or 5 cylinders (propane, acetylene, oxygen), or a fuel tank with a capacity of more than 100 gal – you need to be certified.

5. Ground Disturbance

A ground disturbance is considered any work that results in the penetration of the ground to a depth of more than 30 centimeters or a stripping operation that reduces cover over a line. Activities such as excavating, digging, trenching, plowing, drilling, tunneling, augering, backfilling, blasting, topsoil stripping, land leveling, clearing and grading would all be considered ground disturbances. Macro Industries has developed a guideline, or code of practice, that explains how to conduct ground disturbance activities in a manner that ensures worker safety and avoids contact with pipelines and underground utilities. This guideline is summarized below. If you need further information, a more detailed guideline is available from the Canadian Petroleum Safety Manual.

Note: This code of practice applies to all pipeline right of ways, company leases, and construction sites. Extreme caution must be used at all times during ground disturbance activities

Supervision • A designated supervisor is responsible for ensuring that the work is carried out safely. This

includes determining the existence of underground facilities, and their proper locating and exposure.

• The supervisor must have specific experience and training to supervise ground disturbance activities.

VII-35


Search and Notification • Records must be searched for buried facilities within 30 meters of proposed ground disturbance. • Owners of a facility within the search area should be informed of the intent to create a ground

disturbance and asked to confirm the location of their facility. Crossing Agreements and Approvals • Agreements are required if the ground disturbance is on a lease or right-of-way or within five

meters of any facility. • A signed crossing agreement must be on site before starting the ground disturbance. Locating Facilities • All facilities within the 30 meter search area should be located and marked by competent

personnel. Permits • A site-specific ground disturbance permit must be completed for each individual crossing or

disturbance within five meters of a located buried facility and signed off by owner of Pre-job Safety Meeting • A pre-job safety meeting must be conducted. Exposure • The facility owner may request to have a representative on site during the exposure. All facilities within five meters of the ground disturbance must be either hand exposed or hydro-vac’d unless the entire excavation perimeter is hydro-vac’d to 15cm below the ground disturbance depth. Mechanical equipment within 60cm of a buried line should not be used. If contact with a pipeline occurs that damages the pipe, all work must stop until the necessary go-ahead is received. Any damage must be reported to the owner of the facility. It is the facility owner’s responsibility to notify the appropriate government agencies. Backfill The line owner should inspect the crossings before and during burial.

6. Working Over Water Before any activity begins, an on-site safety meeting will be conducted and documented, covering the procedures to be used during the crossing of waterways. Safety harnesses shall be worn by workers when working over hazardous water, elevations greater that 3 meters (10 feet) above the ground, water level when it is impractical to provide adequate working platforms or staging for the performance of their duties. When exposed to a risk of drowning, the worker shall be supplied with and shall wear an approved buoyancy device. In compliance with governmental legislation, stand-by boat and attendant shall be available downstream. Persons working from boats or rafts shall wear approved buoyancy devices. VII-36


When working on river crossings supervisors will familiarize themselves with the affects of inclement weather and floods that may affect the scheduled time frame to perform the crossing safely. 7. Explosives The loading, transportation, storage, preparing, fixing and firing of explosives shall be governed by regulations of the Explosives Act (Canada) and applicable provincial regulations. Qualifications for Blasters

1. In some Provinces in Canada, blasters are required to be approved and certified, generally through the Workers’ Compensations Board, Department of Labor, or other Government Agencies. The Company shall ensure that no person shall be allowed to conduct or direct

a blasting operation unless that person is a holder of a valid blasters certificate where required by the authority having jurisdiction. 2. In Provinces where certification is not required, only workmen experienced and competent in

the handling of explosives shall be permitted to handle, haul or detonate explosives. Transportation

1. All vehicles used to transport explosives shall conform to the Transportations of Dangerous Goods regulations and the Federal Explosives Act, and Transport Canada Regulations.

2. All drivers transporting explosives shall be trained and certified in the transportation of explosives.

Magazines

1. Explosives and detonators shall not be stored together in a magazine. 2. Magazines are to be properly identified, locked and located in a secure area. 3. Regulations regarding inventory of explosives and maintenance of magazines shall be strictly

adhered to. Drilling An extreme hazard may exist in any area where blasting has taken place during previous construction or where grade blasting precede ditch blasting. This hazard may be in the form of lost or abandoned explosives or un-detonated explosives located in rock rubble or lodged in bootlegs.

1. All drillers shall be experienced and familiar with the work to be performed prior to commencing activities.

2. All provincial regulations regarding drilling shall be strictly adhered to. 3. No driller shall drill a hole within the prohibited radius beside any loaded hole. These distances

may change from Province to Province. The driller shall ensure he is aware of the required distance.

4. Drillers shall ensure that the work surface is bare and clean of debris before engaging drill. 5. No attempt shall be made to remove or destroy any explosives or detonators that may be

encountered. Work in the area shall cease immediately and supervision notified. 6. Dust control devices shall be kept in good working order. VII-37


Blast Signals 1. Warning signs detailing Blasting Procedure shall be erected on all accesses to the blasting area. 2. All workers shall familiarize themselves with signs and obey them.

Initiating the Explosives

1. All drivers transporting explosives shall be trained and certified in the transportation of explosives.

2. When loading holes, only wooden tamping poles shall be used. 3. Once holes are loaded, they must be guarded until initiated (fired). 4. No loose or boxed explosives or detonators shall be left unattended. 5. Loaded holes must not be driven over by mobile equipment. 6. An appropriate blasting machine shall be used for the number of circuits/detonators to be fired. 7. Precautions shall be taken to minimize fly rock. 8. Securing the blast site:

a. danger area clear of workers/equipment (minimum of 500m) b. guards have been assigned and instructed as to duties c. warning signals have been posted

9. Proper warning signals are sounded before firing the charge. 10. No blasting shall occur during electrical storms.

After the Blast has Occurred

1. If a misfire occurs, wait 30 minutes for safety fuse and 10 minutes for electrical. 2. Lead wires are to be shorted out immediately after firing. 3. No other person enters the blast site until blaster has examined for hazards (unstable slopes,

loose rocks, trees, etc.) 4. Blaster must make thorough check for misfired charges. 5. No person to enter blast site until blaster has given permission. 6. All clear signal is sounded. 7. Any hazards are corrected before workers are employed in that area ie. loose rocks, trees,

misfires. Misfire Procedures

1. Only necessary workers in the blast area. 2. Metallic equipment used only under controlled conditions. 3. Detonate misfires before other work is done. 4. Any drilling to refire is carried out under direction of the blaster. 5. No dynamite is to be removed from any misfired hole. 6. Only ammonium nitrate products can be washed out with water. 7. No person shall remove, relight or disturb any fuse or any part of a misfired charge.

VII-38


8. Excavations

1. Excavations must be carried out in accordance with Provincial Health & Safety Regulations. A Professional Engineers report addressing support structures or sloping requirements including written instructions may be required on certain types of excavations.

2. Prior to the start of excavations, utility services in the area, such as electrical, gas, water and sewer must be located. The facilities of first call should be utilized. All hazards that could result in worker injuries must be removed or controlled.

3. Trees, utility poles, rocks or similar objects near the area to be excavated must be removed or secured to ensure worker safety.

4. Pointed tools must not be used to locate gas or electric facilities. 5. Excavation slopes or shoring must be inspected daily or more frequently if required and must be

determined to be sound. 6. The sides of excavations must be trimmed or scaled to remove any loose material that could

endanger workers. 7. A level area extending 1m (3’) back from the edge of the trench must be maintained free of

materials and equipment. 8. In excavations over 1.5m (4 feet), a ladder must be available in the immediate area of the

workers. The ladder shall be of such a length that it goes from the bottom of the excavations and extends 1m (3 feet) above the ground.

9. Manufactured or prefabricated support systems including trench boxes and shoring cages must be designed and certified by a professional engineer. The certification must show how and for what soil types and depths the support system may be used, and must be available at the site during the use of the system.

10. The Pipeline Contractors Association of Canada subscribes to the Canadian General Standards Board for specifications for stake color used to mark underground facilities, and has adopted the standard color convention for staking such facilities.

Stake Color Specifications Underground Facility Stake Color Natural Gas or Oil pipelines Fluorescent yellow Telephone or Cable TV systems Fluorescent orange Water systems Fluorescent horizon blue Electrical systems Fluorescent red Storm and sanitary sewers Fluorescent green Proposed centerline of excavation White stake or unpainted stake with a white ribbon Appurtenance White and black stake or unpainted stake with a

Fluorescent pink ribbon Right-of-Way limits, temporary Workroom limits, slashing limits

Fluorescent pink stake or a unpainted stake with a fluorescent pink ribbon

Survey monuments, legal survey, bars, Bench marks, reference bars

Fluorescent purple stake or a unpainted stake with a fluorescent purple ribbon

Restricted areas Fluorescent pink 3” tape marked with wording “Restricted Area”


Remember 1. No worker shall enter a trench or excavation unless provincial requirements have been met. 2. A worker does not have to be completely buried in soil to be seriously injured or killed.

Workers who have been only buried up to their waist have died as a result of the pressures exerted by the soil on their bodies.

3. Excavations in, or near, “back-filled” or previously excavated ground are especially dangerous since the soil is “loose” and does not support itself well.

4. Water increases the possibility of a cave-in. The increased water pressure exerted on the soil can be the final factor in causing the walls to collapse.

5. Clay can be extremely treacherous if dried by the sun. Large chunks of material can break off a trench wall after having been stable and solid for a long period of time.

6. It is not safe to assume that because the walls of excavations are frozen that it is safe to enter. Frozen ground is not an alternative to proper shoring.

7. An excavation should be considered a confined space and appropriate evaluation and controls undertaken to ensure workers are not exposed to contaminated atmospheres.

8. Should a ditch or excavation fail, do not attempt rescue with mechanical equipment.

9. Power Lines

1. Proper signage identifying hazard be erected. 2. Safe clearance distances observed (check local requirements.) 3. Qualified personnel only to operate equipment in the immediate area of a power line. 4. Tower footings may require fencing to avoid encroachment of equipment. 5. When working adjacent to a hydro corridor be sure to check for electrical induction and follow

appropriate mitigation procedures. General limits of approach:

Adjusted Limits of Approach Voltage Minimum Distance Phase to phase Meters Feet Over 750 V to 20kV 0.9 3 Over 20kV to 30kV 1.2 4 Over 30kV to 75kV 1.5 5 Over 75 kV to 250 kV 4.5 15 Over 250 kV to 550 kV 6 20

Remember

1. You do not have to make direct contact with a power line to be injured. 2. Check with the local hydro safe working distances.

VII‐40


Working close to Energized High Voltage Equipment and Conductors:

Minimum clearance 1. The employer must ensure that at least the minimum applicable distance (specified in Table above) is maintained between exposed, energized high voltage electrical equipment and conductors and any worker, work, tool, machine, equipment or material, unless otherwise permitted by this Part. 2. The employer must accurately determine the voltage of any energized electrical equipment or conductor and the minimum distance from it required by subsection (1).

Assurance in writing 1. If the minimum distance in Table above cannot be maintained because of the circumstances of work or the inadvertent movement of persons or equipment, an assurance in writing on a form acceptable to the Board and signed by a representative of the owner of the power system, must be obtained. 2. The assurance must state that while the work is being done the electrical equipment and conductors will be displaced or rerouted from the work area, if practicable. 3. If compliance with subsection (2) is not practicable the assurance must state that the electrical equipment will be isolated and grounded, but if isolation and grounding is not practicable the assurance must state that the electrical equipment will be visually identified and guarded. 4. The safeguards specified in the assurance must be in place before work commences and effectively maintained while work is taking place. 5. If guarding is used, (a) neither equipment nor unqualified persons may touch the guarding, and (b) a safety watcher must be designated, or range limiting or field detection devices acceptable to the Board must be used. 6. The assurance must be available for inspection at the workplace, as close as practicable to the area of work, and must be known to all persons with access to the area. Assurance not practicable 1. If exposed high voltage electrical equipment and conductors cannot be isolated, rerouted or guarded, work must not be done within the minimum distance in Table above until approval is obtained from the Board and the following precautions are taken: (a) the area within which equipment or materials are to be moved must be barricaded and supervised to restrict entry only to those workers necessarily engaged in the work; VII-41


(b) a safety watch must be designated; (c) a positive means must be provided for the safety watch to give a clear, understandable stop signal to workers in the area, and the watcher must give the stop signal by no other means. 2. While equipment is in motion in an area in proximity to energized electrical equipment or conductors, no person other than the equipment operator may touch any part of the equipment or the material being moved by it. 3. A spotter is mandatory while equipment is in motion, within close proximity to power poles, or close to high energized lines. 4. No person may move a load or any rigging line from its position of natural suspension if it is in proximity to an energized electrical conductor or equipment. 10. Confined Space Entry No worker shall enter or perform work in a confined space unless:

1. The worker is aware of the applicable Provincial OH&S Regulation. 2. The worker has received permission from his supervisor to perform work in a confined space

area. 3. The worker has been informed of, and is familiar with all hazards associated with entry into the

confined space. 4. The worker has been instructed in and understands safe work procedure regarding work to be

performed. 5. All necessary personal protective equipment, monitoring equipment and ventilation equipment

is in good working order, located at the confined space location and used by the worker. 11. Preparation of Right-of-Way Clearing and Grading

1. Only those access roads designated by the company shall be used for accessing work sites. 2. In clearing the right-of-way give due consideration for the interest of landowners and tenants,

and work in such a manner which shall cause minimal damage and inconvenience. 3. Fallers are required to produce a Certificate of Proficiency as required by provincial legislation. 4. Workers shall have fire extinguishers, first aid kit and signal device, (air horn or whistle) in

close proximity to their work area. 5. Fallers and buckers shall ensure a safe escape route is cleared before a tree is felled and bucked. 6. All brush and other objects, which might catch the saw, shall be cleared away prior to bucking a

log and logs shall be bucked from the uphill side. 7. When a tree starts to fall, fallers shall quickly get away to a safe distance. 8. When power saws are being used, sawyers shall stop the saw during any major change in

position. 9. Power saws must be allowed to cool before refueling. Smoking is prohibited during refueling

operations. VII-42


10. Leg protective pads, chain saw gloves, chain saw boots, hearing protection and face shields shall be used by all fallers and buckers.

11. Crews burning on the right-of-way must use extreme caution to prevent the possibility of sparks igniting a forest fire.

12. Burning permits shall be obtained from the appropriate authorities when required and all restrictions contained on such permits shall be observed.

13. Grading shall be performed to an extent necessary to provide a safe, level-working surface for construction equipment.

12. Pipe Handling Stockpiling Pipe

1. Stockpile sites should be fenced and adequately signed prohibiting access to the stockpiled pipe by any personnel or member of public, except for those directly involved in pipe handling operations.

2. Support skids should be sufficiently level prior to placing the pipe to ensure integrity of the piles.

3. Pipe racks must be substantially constructed and placed level on a solid foundation. 4. Provision must be made to prevent pipe from accidentally rolling off the storage rack. 5. The pipe shall extend one meter (three feet) beyond cross-timbers and employees shall work at

the ends of pipe keeping hands clear. 6. Each tier of pipe shall be adequately blocked when stringers are used between tiers. 7. Rolling pipe into a stockpile will not be permitted. 8. Short lengths (3 meters shorter than maximum length) shall be stockpiled on top rung only. 9. Chocks or skid stakes shall be used at each skid line to prevent the possibility of the stockpile

collapsing. 10. The area where pipe is to be stockpiled shall be kept clear of all debris and garbage removed to

an appropriate dumpsite. Unloading Pipe

1. Extreme care shall be exercised in spotting the lifting equipment at pipe unloading sites so that there is adequate clearance of overhead obstructions.

2. All personnel shall keep in the clear when cutting steel bands or wire securing the pipe to the railroad car or trailer.

3. The guidelines shall be of sufficient length to enable employees hooking pipe to stand clear while guiding the pipe.

4. All slings, hooks, cables and guidelines shall be inspected daily by the operator and shall be repaired or replaced when found defective.

Stringing Pipe

1. No pipe stringing shall take place within 500m of blasting operations. 2. When hauling pipe by truck, sled or tractor boom, the load shall be adequately and properly

secured. 3. Signs and flags shall be placed on each side of the point on a highway where trucks are entering

and leaving the right-of-way. VII-43


4. Loads of skids being hauled to the line shall be securely fastened to the truck. 13. Bending

1. All employees working in the vicinity of the bending operation shall be alert for movement of pipe joints to and from the bending machine.

2. Hearing protection to be worn when working in vicinity of the bending machine. 3. Slings to be inspected on a daily basis. 4. All workers not directly involved with bending operations are not permitted to be in the area of

bending machine. The hazard zone for bending operations is 20 meters (60 feet) from the bending machine.

5. Keep hands clear of bending shoes and all pinch points. 6. Tag lines are suggested for controlling overhead-suspended loads. 7. Steering of the pipe when entering the bending shall be done from the rear of the pipe. The rear

of the pipe is considered to be the opposite end in which the pipe is traveling. 8. Do not ride the pipe. 9. Maintain eye contact with the side boom operator when working in and around moving

machinery. Use reflective safety vests for additional visibility.

14. Boring and Drilling Excavation

1. Prior to commencing boring operations, ensure all permits have been secured from local governmental agencies.

2. All underground cables and pipelines shall be located accurately prior to commencing boring or punching operations.

3. Bore pit will be secured and adequately sloped or shored with approved trench support systems, in accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act, ensuring protections to both workers and the public.

4. When any trench support system is used, approved documentation including engineered drawings and installation/removal procedures will be available on site.

5. Proper egress such as a ladder and/or staircase shall be installed in bore pit. 6. If entry into pipe or easing is required, check Provincial regulation regarding confined space.

Operation

1. It is imperative that appropriate clothing and protective equipment be worn. Long hair and loose clothing creates an extremely dangerous situation around rotating augers.

2. Operating characteristics and requirements of the type of boring machine used should be made

known and practiced by all workers. 3. Workers must always be aware that they stand in a location that is clear in the event the auger

binds and flips the machine trench side. 4. When back reaming and pulling a cable through the borehole, approved swivels will be used to

connect rotating drill rod head with cable. VII-44


5. If blasting of solid material is required, only qualified personnel shall perform blasting operations.

Underground Piercing Tool (moles/torpedoes/rockets)

1. Basic compressed air safety guidelines must be followed when operating piercing tools, like all compressed air tools. Occasionally two people are required when using tool; one to operate and one outside the excavation pit to control air supply.

2. Air supply will be shut off before lifting the tool. Proper technique will be used when lifting to avoid back injury (i.e. lifting with the legs not the back).

3. The tool will be monitored to be sure that the air hose does not cause an unsafe condition around the pit.

4. The operator must be aware of what is in front of the material that is about to be broke. In the event that the tool runs but does not move forward, cautions will be taken that no contact has been made with a buried electric line or other potentially hazardous obstruction that could cause personal injury.

Compressed Air Tools

1. Any worker who is in proximity of a working air tool that exceeds the safe noise level shall wear approved hearing protection.

2. When connecting air hoses, a positive lock system is to be used such as safety clips on universal type fittings. Hoses and fittings are to be checked periodically for damage.

3. Air supply at the compressor shall be shut off and the tool bled before disconnecting a hose. 4. The hose shall be held securely and aimed in a safe direction away from all workers and public

when blowing out debris. 5. All air compressors shall be parked and secured at a safe distance from the excavation pit to

prevent inadvertent rolling or falling into the pit. 6. Air tools shall be operated at a maximum of 110psi (760KPA) air pressure. 7. It shall be ensured that all guards, covers, controls or other safety devices are not missing or

inoperative. 8. The immediate work area shall be kept clear of all unauthorized personnel. 9. An air tool shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it was intended.

Gas Powered Equipment

1. Generators shall have a Ground Fault Interrupter circuit breaker for each circuit used. 2. Jumping jacks/compactors, as with all equipment that must be moved manually, will be lifted in

a proper manner using the legs not the back. 3. Water pump hoses will be connected and used in a proper manner ensuring back pressure cannot

build up to an unsafe level in the discharge line, causing the pump to overheat. 4. When refueling small gas engines such as those on jumping jacks, generators and water pumps,

the temperature of the equipment will be cool enough to avoid combustion in the event of spillage.

5. All engines will be operated in a well-ventilated area. If required to operate in deep trenches or enclosed vans, sufficient ventilation or exhaust hoses must be used.

VII-45


15. Pipe Laying

1. Pipe shall never be picked up or lowered while any worker is between the tractor and the pipe. 2. Pipe shall never be moved, carried or swung over workers. 3. Workers shall stand clear of booms when loads are being lowered or lifted and the tractor

operator shall not lift or lower until workers are in the clear. 4. All slings and clamps shall be inspected on a daily basis (clamps must be certified). 5. Lock skids shall be employed in all instances where danger of shifting pipe exists. 6. Defective skids shall be removed from service.

Welding Operations

1. Compressed gas cylinders are not be hoisted by slings or magnets, dropped or subjected to impact, shall normally be kept upright, and shall be secured against falling during storage, transportation or use. Cylinders shall not be handled by means of regulators or used as rollers or work supports.

2. Full and empty cylinders shall be kept separate and identified. 3. Welders shall check their equipment at frequent and regular intervals for defects, particularly for

defective cable in wet area. 4. All workers exposed to hazards from welding or burning operations shall use protective helmets,

flash goggles or shields. 5. Welders and welder helpers shall ensure that adequate shielding is employed to protect other

workers from exposure to the welding arc. 6. Buffing and cleaning machine operators shall wear face shields and safety glasses. 7. During micro wire welding in confined spaces effective respiratory equipment shall be made

available and used. 8. All grinders shall be equipped with guards. 9. All propane bottles shall be equipped with regulators. 10. All welding rigs shall be equipped with fire extinguishers. 11. Extreme caution shall be taken to prevent fires. Oxyacetylene hoses shall be equipped with

flash back arrester or check valves. 16. Radiographic Inspection (X-Ray) Radiographic Inspections are a part of welding operations and as a rule, are a very safe operation. There is however a potential for bodily injury and therefore the following precautions must be observed.

1. The x-ray work area will be marked with warning signs “Do Not enter this area unless the x-ray operator signals you through”.

2. Many x-ray contractors use a rotating light on their vehicles to warn of ongoing operations as well. Do Not enter the area if you see the light flashing.

3. Take care when traveling on the ditch side of the pipe; you may not notice x-ray operations on the work side. Check for the locations of the x-ray crew.

4. Should you inadvertently enter an area where x-ray operations are being performed and believe you may have been exposed, report to the first aid and x-ray personnel immediately.

VII-46


17. Coating Coating (Epoxy)

1. Preparation a. MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for grit shall be reviewed and understood prior to

using product. Copy to be on site. b. Supplied air systems to be used while performing sand blast operations. c. Air system filters to be checked on a daily basis and replaced if necessary. d. Personal Protective Equipment such as gloves, long sleeve shirts and trousers shall be

worn. e. Persons not involved with sand blast operations are not to enter work area.

2. Application

a. MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for epoxy coating shall be reviewed and understood prior to using product. Copy on site.

b. Personal Protective Equipment (eye, hand, respiratory) to be used when handling product. c. Product inventory to be kept. d. Required disposal standards and methods to be used for containers, brushes, rollers, rags

etc.

18. Lower-In

1. Slings and cradles to be inspected daily for any visible damage. 2. Isocyantes are used in foam used for padding and breakers. Proper protective equipment will be

worn when working with or around isocyantes. Disposal of waste products will be as per manufacturers’ MSDS.

3. The Supervisor or his delegate shall direct all pipe lowering with signals to the tractor operators and others. Standard signals are to be used.

4. Belts, slings, block and boom lines shall be secured to the boom when not in use while the tractor is moving.

5. No worker shall be in the ditch, on the pipe or between the pipe and ditch while the pipe is being lowered into the ditch.

6. The ditch shall not be crumbed by hand unless it meets the criteria specified by Provincial Health and Safety regulations.

19. Backfilling

1. No backfilling shall be commenced until all personnel are clear of the working area. 2. The operators of any machines or vehicles being used in backfilling operations shall keep their

swampers in sight at all times. 3. The operators of any truck employed in backfilling operations shall ensure that everyone is clear

of the area before approaching the ditch or dumping the load. 4. Dumping of loads will be as directed by the spotter. Signals to be used shall be in place prior to

dumping. VII-47


20. Tie-Ins Prior to making bell hole welds:

1. The pipe must be adequately blocked to prevent movement. 2. The ditch must be properly shored or sloped. 3. There must be adequate ventilation. 4. There must be an adequate means of access and egress, such as a ladder. 5. There must be adequate working space provided.

Workers shall not stand on live end of pipe while lining up tie-in joint. Lines known or suspected of having transmitted sour gas product shall be adequately tested and purged for the protection of those workers making tie-ins or cut-outs. 21. Testing Pigging and testing of pipelines shall be carried out in accordance with the applicable regulations made under government legislation.

1. Before removing the pig catchers or test fittings, pressure shall be relieved from each end of the line.

2. Only approved pipe fittings shall be used. 3. Pigs propelled by compressed air:

a. The dispatching end of the pipeline shall be sealed with a fitting welded securely to the pipeline. Lines 152mm (6 inches) or less in diameter may be sealed with a cap held in place by threaded fittings, providing that the clamps are adequately designed to prevent blowing of the sealing caps. The various types of bolted pipe couplings on the market, designed to join two-pipe ends pressure tight, are not adequate for this purpose.

b. The receiving end of the pipe shall be equipped with a pig catcher or trap so that there is no danger of a pig being blown free of the line at the end of its run. Such traps or catchers shall be welded to all lines.

c. All air hoses, fittings, valves, etc. Shall be adequate for the pressure used and be maintained in good condition.

d. During a pig run, all persons in the vicinity shall be kept well clear of the pipe ends. e. The pressure shall be released through suitable valves before fittings of any kind are loosened

or removed from the pipeline. Low-Pressure Testing Pipelines 700kPA (100 psi)

1. Pipe ends shall be sealed with a fitting welded to the pipe for all lines larger than 152mm (6 inches) in diameter. Welded caps are preferable for all sizes of pipe, but caps held in place

with threaded fittings may be used on linear 152mm (6 inches) and smaller in diameter. 2. During the time a line is under pressure, all persons shall be kept clear of pipe ends. 3. Fittings shall not be loosened or removed from the pipe until all internal pressure has been

released. VII-48


High-Pressure Testing Pipe over 700kPA (100 psi) 1. The pipeline shall be sealed only with welded, flanged or threaded fittings rated to a pressure at

least equal to the maximum working pressure of line. 2. Only those persons concerned with the testing are allowed in the immediate vicinity of pressure

pumps and pipe ends or exposed sections during the test. 3. Pressure shall be released from the line before any loosening or removal of fittings is permitted. 4. Care shall be taken when handling flammable products such as methanol. 5. All work on the right-of-way is to cease during testing operations. 6. High pressure test signs at all road crossings. 7. Access to test ends restricted to those involved with testing procedures.

22. Traffic Control Flagging

1. Control of traffic in construction zones shall be done in accordance with provincial/municipal regulations. All personnel, engaged in the practice of flagging, will be dressed as follows to promote high visibility when approached by on-coming motorists.

a. High visibility vest (fluorescent) b. Fluorescent stop and slow paddles

3. In high-speed traffic conditions the retention of local police to ensure required speed reductions is highly recommended.

4. During the night operations, flag personnel will utilize, at all times, a red flashlight or similar signaling devise.

Signage

1. All traffic signs and traffic control devices used on job sites are installed for the safety and convenience of the traveling public and shall be erected in accordance with Federal, Provincial or Municipal regulations.

2. Barricades, blinkers, flares, warning signs and/or temporary fencing shall be erected on each side of the road or railroad before excavation commences.

3. Poorly maintained, defaced, damaged or dirty construction signs are ineffective and shall be replaced, repair or cleaned without delay.

4. Warning signs shall not be removed until road and highway crossings are properly leveled, shoulders repaired and ditches cleared.

5. Vehicles shall not be parked on the approach to the pipeline side of the road where the warning devices have been erected.

23. Rigging and Cranes Operators

1. All operators of cranes will be indentured or will hold a journeyman Crane and Hoist certificate. 2. The operator of a crane shall:

a. Be familiar with the equipment and its proper care. b. Perform daily safety inspections and maintain a daily log book. c. Ensure all controls are working properly before commencing work. VII-49


d. Be responsible for operations directly under his control. e. Know that the weight of the load to be lifted is within the capacity of the machine. f. Have a designated signalman/rigger and follow his signals only. g. Not leave his position at the controls while a load is suspended. h. Shall wear safety glasses at all times. i. Shall wear a hard hat at all times. j. Be aware of wind and weather conditions.

Proper Lifting Practices – Hoisting 1. Chain slings will be of alloy chain and will NEVER be used to lift loads that exceed the working

load limits. They will be stamped on each link with the letter A or number 8, which designates heat-treated alloy steel chain.

2. The hoist or crane must be directly over the load. 3. Slings must be of proper reach. Lines will not be shortened by twisting or knotting. Bolts and

nuts will not be used on chain slings. 4. Personnel are prohibited from riding the lifting hook or the load. 5. All personnel are required to stand clear of the load being lifted. 6. Work must not be carried out beneath a suspended load unless the load is properly supported. 7. Loads must not be left suspended when the hoist or crane is unattended. 8. All slings must be inspected thoroughly at specified intervals and be maintained in good condition. 9. Each chain or sling must be inspected for cuts, nicks, bent links, bent hooks, etc., before each

use. If there is any doubt, the equipment must not be used. 10. Safety latches on hooks must be maintained in good working condition. 11. Signalers must be properly identified and must understand the techniques of proper signaling. 12. Tag lines must be used to control the load.

Evaluating the Load Determine the weight of the object or load prior to a lift to make sure that the lifting equipment can operate within its capabilities. Balanced Loads Estimate the center of gravity or point of balance. The lifting device should be positioned immediately above the estimated center of gravity. Landing the Load Prepare a place to land the load, lower the load gently and make sure it is stable before slackening the sling or chain. Rigging

1. One member of the crew must act as the signalman and the equipment operator must recognize signals from that person only. The signalman must be careful not to order a move until he has received the “all ready” signal from each member of the crew.

2. Each rigger must stand clear of the load before giving the “all ready” to the signalman. After the sling or choker has been positioned, it must be released if possible before the “all ready” signal is given.

3. If the sling or choker must be held in position, all hands must remain clear of pinch points.


4. All personnel must remain clear of the anticipated roll or swing area. 5. Personnel must remain clear of areas between the load swing and any stationary object, material

and equipment. 6. Personnel must not be under the load or boom. 7. The landing area for the load should be cleared of personnel and any materials such as

unnecessary blocks that might fly up if struck by the load. 8. Loads must be set slowly on the landing area to ensure that any swing or roll during setting can

be controlled. 9. Distinctive vests, armlets and any other equipment necessary must identify designated signal

men. 10. Tag lines must be used to control loads.

24. Power Tools Power tools are always subject to extreme conditions at the job site and certain rules must be followed in order to avoid shock or electrocution to personnel using them:

1. All cords and plugs must be checked daily. Cables must not be cracked or cut and plugs must be in good condition, with good ground. In confined spaces, the circuits from which power tools are driven shall have a ground fault circuit interrupter in place.

2. The condition of tools must be checked prior to each day’s use to ensure that casings are not cracked or broken.

3. Tool cables must never run through water or across the paths of vehicles or other equipment. 4. Tools must be unplugged from their power sources before servicing to repair or replace parts. 5. All appropriate guards must be in place prior to use. 6. Necessary personal protective equipment must be used ie. eye protection, chaps when using

power saw, face shields, gloves, steel-toed boots. 7. Power tools must be returned to their proper places after use and not be left lying about. 8. Operators of power saws must not be approached from behind.

25. Compressed Gas Cylinders and Accessories

1. All gas cylinders must be transported and stored in an upright position and securely fastened to a stable stationary object.

2. Protective caps must be in place over the cylinder valve when not in use. 3. All cylinders must be returned to the storage area after use and must never be left lying around

the work site. 4. Cylinders shall be stored away from heat, fire, molten metal or electric lines and they are not be

transported by a mobile crane unless a special carrier is used. 5. Acetylene or liquid gas cylinders shall never be used in a horizontal position as the liquid may be

forced out through the hose causing a fire hazard or explosion. 6. Hoses and other accessories must be checked daily. Any cracks or punctures will be cause for

immediate repair or replacement. 7. Provincial legislation will be referred to for use and maintenance of compressed gas cylinders. VII-51


8. Oxyacetylene equipment must be kept clean, free from oil and in good condition. Valves, couplings, regulators, hoses and torches must not be lubricated; oil and grease are spontaneously combustible with oxygen.

9. Clothing must not be oily; pockets and cuffs must not be open to receive sparks or hot slag. Clothing which becomes saturated with a highly flammable liquid such as condensate and solvents should be sprayed with water before removal, and then be removed slowly and carefully.

10. Work areas must be well ventilated. 11. Personnel must never strike arcs or tap electrodes on cylinders. 12. Tiger torches must be kept away from primer, paper, fuel, etc. in the backs of crew trucks. 13. Regulators are to be installed on propane torches.

26. Welding, Grinding, and Cutting Safety • Due to the high temperatures involved in welding or cutting and the forming of hot metal, it is

essential that fire prevention precautions be rigorously observed wherever these operations are performed. Welding shall not be carried out in enclosed areas where explosive or flammable materials (vapor, liquid or solid) may be present. The appropriate actions shall be taken to remove such materials and to ensure they are not present during welding or burning.

• Drums containing or previously containing flammable or combustible materials or chemicals shall not be used as welding benches and shall never be cut using a cutting torch or grinder.

• Fire extinguishers shall be kept at hand and ready for immediate use in case a fire starts. The following clothing guidelines are to be followed by welders:

1. Hard hats/Hoods are mandatory for welders. 2. The head and facial hair shall be protected at all times during welding. 3. Leather is the recommended material for welders’ outer protective clothing but heavy cotton

denim is acceptable. 4. Synthetic fibers, which melt or become flammable on contact with heat, should be avoided. 5. Pants should not have cuffs, and shall not be worn tucked inside of the boots. 6. Shirt pockets should have flaps and be kept closed. 7. Steel-toed boots should meet CSA Std Z195-M1981, Grade A and be laced to the top. 8. Gauntlet-type gloves should be worn. 9. Clothing should not be frayed or oily.

• The welder must have protection for his eyes against high intensity light rays, ultra-violet light rays,

infra-red rays, heat rays, flying metal particles, sparks and slag. Adjacent personnel should have appropriate barriers or screens in place or wear suitable eye protection. Safety glasses or goggles shall be worn at all times when cold cutting with a grinder or saw. A permanent or personal face shield shall also be utilized.

• Cutting goggles shall be worn when torch-cutting materials and welding lenses shall be worn when cutting with arc air. Do not use safety glasses in place of cutting goggles or welding lenses. A clean glass lens shall be positioned in from and behind the filter lens to protect from damage.

• Workers shall wear close-fitting clothing, gloves and eye protection while grinding. All employees in the vicinity of a grinding operation shall wear the appropriate eye protection. VII-52


• The grinder operator shall wear respiratory protection when dusty or toxic metals are being ground. • The grinder operator should wear a full face shield as well as safety goggles while operating a grinder. • Welders shall be provided with proper ventilation i.e. Fans, air ducts. Welding screens shall be

arranged such that they do not restrict ventilation. • When welding on non-ferrous or galvanized metals extra ventilation is required. Under some

circumstances, it may be necessary for the operator to use a respirator or mask. The burning of cadmium, lead and many other materials produces toxic fumes. In general, the welding of these materials should be avoided. If the welding of these materials cannot be avoided, particular care must be taken to ensure the area is properly ventilated, or breathing protection is worn.

• Special precautions must also be taken into account when welding with argon or CO2. Proper ventilation and/or breathing apparatus must be used.

Precautions to be used when storing, using and handling oxygen and acetylene cylinders include:

1. Cylinders shall be kept in the upright position and secured against falling over. 2. Cylinders shall not be placed inside tanks or vessels. 3. Caps shall be kept on cylinders when not in use. 4. Grease or oil shall not be applied to any cylinder threads or gauges. Instant combustion will take

place if hydrocarbons are exposed to pure oxygen. 5. Check valves shall be installed in all feeder lines. 6. Oxygen or acetylene should never be used directly from the cylinder without first attaching a

proper reducing regulator. 7. Valves shall be opened slowly to prevent damage to regulators and gauges. 8. Workers shall prevent sparks, or flames from coming into contact with cylinders, regulators or

hoses of compressed gas systems. 9. Charged gas cylinders shall be protected from any source of heat in excess of 55 degrees C. 10. A proper striker shall be used for lighting a torch. 11. Hoses shall be frequently inspected for possible leaks, particularly at connections. 12. Empty cylinders shall be identified and separated from full cylinders and protected caps shall be

attached. 13. Damaged cylinders shall not be used nor shall they be repaired but shall be returned to the

supplier. Welding ground shall be a continuous cable from the machine to the object being welded. The use of the following items for a ground system is prohibited:

1. Oil, gas, steam or chemical lines. 2. Stairs or handrails. 3. Steel light power standards. 4. Pumps or other rotating equipment, particularly with shaft bearings, which could seize to the

shaft because of arcing.

When connecting or splicing lengths of welding cable, substantially insulated connectors of a capacity at least equivalent to that of the cable must be used. If cable lugs are used for joining, they must be securely fastened together by more than one bolt to give good electrical contact. The exposed metal parts of the lugs shall be completely insulated. VII-53


Precautions to be used when grinding include: 1. Grinding shall not be permitted unless the area is free of toxic gases, flammable or explosive

vapors. 2. All grinding wheels shall be equipped with a safety guard where practical. If tool rests are used

on bench grinders, they shall be securely attached to the grinder in a manner compatible with the work process, be set 3 mm or less from the face of the wheel, and not be set below the center line of the wheel.

3. Grinding stones and wheels shall be inspected frequently to ensure no chips or cracks exist which may cause failure.

4. The rated rotational speed of the wheel or disc must exceed that of the grinder to which it is attached.

Electric Welding

1. No personnel will attempt to repair a welding machine unless he is qualified to do so as is a mechanic or electrician.

2. Welders will take the necessary precautions while welding in wet conditions. 3. Welding machines must be properly grounded. Pipelines carrying gases or flammable liquids or

conduit carrying electrical conductors must never be used for grounding. 4. Electrode holders must not be permitted to touch any metal that contacts the welding ground. 5. The polarity switch must not be changed when the machine is under load. 6. The rotary switch must never be thrown when the machine is under a load. The machine must be

idling and the circuit open before the current is changed. 7. Welding current adjustments, which involve breaking the welding circuit, must not be made

while the operator is welding. 8. Operators must wear head shields or helmets with suitable filter plates. 9. Anyone working in the vicinity of welding should wear the proper eye protection to avoid a flash

to the eyes. 27. Ladders

1. Ladders must be inspected thoroughly before use and any defective ladders should be discarded. 2. The bases of portable ladders should be set out at a safe distance from the vertical: about one-

fourth the ladders’ height. Ladders used should be long enough to extend at least one meter above the top platform, or ground level.

3. Ladders should be set on firm, level surfaces when used. 4. The top of the ladder must be tied off to prevent movement. 5. Ladders should be positioned close enough to the work, if working off the ladder, so the worker

need not reach too far. 6. Stepladders must be opened all the way to lock the spreader. 7. Personnel must not work from the top two rungs; a ladder of proper length should be used

instead. 8. Placing on makeshift cribbing must not lengthen ladder reach. 9. Signs and barricades must be posted before setting a ladder behind doors or in passageways.

VII-54


28. Overhead Work When working overhead, the area below shall be roped off or other equivalent measures taken to protect workers on the work site. Signs reading “DANGER–OVERHEAD” shall be conspicuously posted. If conditions justify a watchman, he shall be stationed to warn persons in the vicinity within a distance of voice communication. 29. Scaffolds All scaffolds are platforms used for installation and maintenance or removal of machinery and equipment shall be constructed, maintained and used in compliance with the applicable provincial Occupational Health and Safety Regulations. Prior to erection, the project supervisor shall ensure that the access scaffolding has been designed to:

1. Safely support the maximum allowance load. 2. Provide a platform of sufficient size, at the correct height. 3. Allow for seasonal weather effects.

Furthermore: 4. Locking devices should be in good working order. 5. Wood mudsills minimum size should be 51 mm x 254 mm or equivalent. 6. Wood planks must be checked for straightness, shakes, checks, splits, unsound knots or knots in

groups, or other conditions which will materially decrease their strength. Wood used for planking should be no. 1 Grade spruce or better.

7. All planks must be tested for strength prior to use. 8. All scaffolds shall be required to pass an inspection prior to use.

30. Vehicles and Mobile Equipment All vehicles on the work site must have the proper insurance, must be in safe operating condition, and must meet any special requirements. All vehicles will be operated by competent, suitably licensed operator, and in a safe manner. Workers must not ride on the outside of any vehicle. All mobile welding rigs must be equipped with an approved fire extinguisher and all welders and welder helpers must be competent in the use of such extinguishers. Any vehicle with restricted vision will not move in the vicinity of other workers except under the direction of a designated worker; this person must be in a position to see if the path to be traveled is “all clear”. Back-up alarms will be installed and used in accordance with the applicable legislated standards. Tracked Mobile Equipment A competent person must only operate tracked vehicles. Equipment, enclosures, or other additions, which block the operator’s view, will not be added. Enclosures will be fitted in such a way as to prevent a person from entering between the enclosure and the tracks. Seat belts will be worn in vehicles with roll over protection. Back-up alarms are mandatory on all tracked vehicles. Vehicles will travel no faster that a walking pace (6 km/h) when in the vicinity of other workers. VII-55


Vehicles 1. All vehicles must be operated at all times in a reasonable and safe manner. 2. All welding rigs must be equipped with a 30 lb-low temperature, dry chemical fire extinguisher.

All vehicle operators must know how and when to use such fire extinguishers. 3. Operators must comply with all posted speed limits. 4. First Aid kits and extinguishers are to be installed in all operated vehicles. 5. No one will be allowed to ride on the back or tailgates of trucks. Passengers must use the cab. 6. Vehicles and equipment are not to stray from the work site or right-of-way. 7. No riders are permitted on equipment. 8. Unless authorized, no one is to operate Macro’s Equipment.

31. Lockout and Tag out In many instances, workers may have to perform work on electrically or mechanically powered equipment. Before performing and work, the power source must be isolated. Electrical lockout requires the power source to be shut off at the breaker panel and locked with a padlock, then tagged. Mechanical lockout may require such means as closing a valve, chain-ins, and locking the valve handle, then tagging. The person performing the work shall place his or her own lock on the power source and carry the key. He or she is to remove the lock when finished the work. The information on the tag must include:

1. “Danger Do Not Operate” 2. The date the tag was installed 3. The workers’ printed name and signature

Macro will supply locks when required. Also, supervisors will ensure that all workers are aware of any lockout procedures the client may have in place. 32. Chemicals

1. Only approved chemicals or cleaning agents shall be used at the worksite. Material Safety Data Sheets must be available and the safety precautions and hazard information be known by all personnel using or being exposed to that particular chemical.

2. It is compulsory to wear the necessary protective equipment when handling chemicals. 3. Everyone handling chemicals must know the location of eye wash facilities and shower areas. 4. Employees must receive training for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System -

WHMIS 33. Use of Explosive/Power Actuated Fastening Tools There are a number of tools utilizing an explosive charge in use throughout the construction industry to drive fastenings. The manufacturers of these devices provide detailed instructions regarding their use and maintenance. These instructions, along the legislation specifically set out for their use, shall be closely adhered to at all times. VII-56


The following general recommendations apply to all explosive/powder-actuated tools:

1. Only properly trained and qualified operators are to use this type of tool. The user shall possess proof of this training issued by the manufacturer, authorized dealer/distributor or other competent source.

2. The tools must be CSA standard approved for “Explosive Actuated Fastening Tools”. 3. The tool should be loaded just prior to use with the correct load for the job anticipated. Tools

should never be loaded and then left to sit or be moved to an alternate work site after being loaded.

4. The tool should never be pointed at any one, where loaded or unloaded. Hands should be kept clear of the muzzle end at all times.

5. Explosive/powder-actuated tools should always be stored in their proper, lockable boxes. 6. Explosive/powder-actuated tools should never be used in an explosive atmosphere. 7. When used, the tool must be held firmly and at right angles to the surface being driven. 8. The operator must wear eye protection. Where there is a danger of spilling, full-face protection

must be worn. Hearing protection is also to be worn in confined areas. 9. To prevent free-flying studs, ensure that the material being driven into will not allow the stud to

completely pass through it (ie. glass block, hollow tile, etc). 10. Manufacturers’ recommendations should be consulted and followed whenever there is a doubt

about the material being driven into, maintenance procedures, or load strength to be used. 11. Always be aware of other workers. Where this operation, signs and barricades identifying the

hazard area create a hazard to other workers are mandatory. 34. Use of Cleaning Solvents Cleaning solvents are used in the day-to-day construction work to clean tools and equipment. Special care must be taken to protect the worker form hazards, which may be created from the use of these liquids. Wherever possible, solvents should be nonflammable and nontoxic. The foreman must be aware of all solvents/flammables that are used on the job and all workers who use these materials must be instructed in their proper use and any hazard they pose. The following instructions or rules apply when solvents/flammables are used:

1. Only non-flammable solvents will be used for general cleaning. 2. Flammable liquids may not be used in areas where a hot work permit is in effect. 3. Flammables and solvents must be stored in special storage areas. 4. Personnel will check toxic hazards of all solvents before use. 5. Adequate ventilation must be provided where any solvent or flammable is being used. 6. Goggles or face shields must be worn to protect the face and eyes from splashes or sprays. 7. Rubber gloves must be used to protect the hands. 8. Protective clothing must be worn to prevent contamination of workers’ clothing. 9. When breathing hazards exist, appropriate respiratory protection must be worn. 10. Solvents must never be left in open tubs or vats; they will be returned to their storage drums or

tanks. 11. Proper containers must be used for transportation, storage and field use of solvents/flammables.


12. Where solvents are controlled products, all workers using or in the vicinity of usage or storage

must be trained and certified in the Work place Hazardous Materials Information System. All WHMIS requirements must be met.

35. Defective Tools Defective tools can cause serious and painful injuries. If a tool is defective in some way, it must not be used.

Personnel should be aware of the following: 1. Chisels and wedges with mushroomed heads. 2. Split or cracked handles. 3. Chipped or broken drill bits. 4. Wrenches with worn out jaws. 5. Broken or inoperative guards. 6. Insufficient or improper grounding due to damage on double insulated tools. 7. No ground wire (on plug) on cords of standard tools. 8. The on/off switch not in good working order. 9. Tool blade is cracked. 10. The wrong grinder wheel is being used. 11. The guard has been wedged back on power saw.

To ensure safe use of hand tools, personnel must keep in mind:

1. Defective tools must never be used. 2. All tools must be double checked prior to use. 3. Defective tools should be repaired.

Air, gasoline or electric power tools, require skill and complete attention on the part of the user even when they are in good condition. 36. Use of Portable Grinders Abrasive wheels can cause sever injury. Proper storage of new wheels, proper use of wheels and proper maintenance of wheels must be observed.

1. Personnel will be familiar with grinder operation before commencing work. 2. Proper guards must be in place and safety glasses; face shield, gloves and safety boots must be

worn when using portable grinders. 3. The maximum wheel speed must never be exceeded. 4. Wheels must be checked for cracks and defects. Mounting flanges must be clean and the

mounting blotters must be used. The mounting nut must never be over-tightened. 5. Newly mounted grinding wheels should be run at operating speed to check for vibrations before

applying to the work. 6. Grinders should not be used near flammable materials. 7. Grinders should not be used for cutting or for any other purpose for which they were not

intended. VII-58


Grinding 1. The tools rest must be checked for the correct distance from the abrasive wheel, maximum 1/8”

or 3mm clearance. 2. The grindstone must be replaced when adjustment of the rest cannot provide 1/8” or 3mm

clearance. 3. If the wheel has been abused and ground to an angle or grooved, it must be refaced with the

appropriate surfacing tool. 4. Goggles and/or a face shield must be worn at all times while grinding. 5. Each time a grinding wheel is mounted, the maximum approved speed stamped on the wheel

bladder should be checked against the shaft rotation speed of the machine to ensure the safe peripheral sped is not exceeded. A grinding wheel must not be operated at peripheral speed exceeding the manufacturer’s recommendation.

6. Bench grinders are designed for peripheral grinding and the sides of the wheels must not be used for grinding.

7. Personnel must remain clear of the front of a grinding wheel when it is first started. 37. Attaching Cable Clips and Clamping Wire Rope

1. Wire the thimble to the rope at the desired point, then bend the rope around the thimble and secure temporarily by wiring the rope members together.

2. First attach the clip farthest from the thimble and tighten (the base of the saddle must rest upon the live end of the rope and the U-bolts on the short end). All clips must be attached in this manner.

3. The clip nearest the thimble goes on next. Do not tighten yet. If one or more additional clips are to be attached, place them at an equal distance apart between the clips already attached.

4. Before tightening, place some stress on the rope to take up the slack and equalize the tension on both sides of the clip (Do not apply too much stress or the clip attached in step 1 will not hold). Tighten all clips.

Attaching Cable Clips and Clamping Wire Rope

Diameter of Rope (millimeters)

Number of Clips Spacing Between Clips Center to Center

(millimeters)

Torque (Newton-meters)

6 2 38 20 8 2 51 40 10 2 57 65 11 2 64 90 12 3 76 90 16 3 102 135 19 4 114 176 22 4 133 305 25 4 152 305 29 5 178 305 32 5 203 488 38 6 229 488 44 7 267 628 50 8 305 881


Correct Incorrect

U-Bolt of all clips on live end of rope Do not stagger clips Attachment Methods

U-Bolts of clips are on short end of rope. Staggered clips: two correct and one (No distortion on live end of rope.) Wrong. (This will cause a mashed spot in

live end of rope due to wrong position of center clip.)

Incorrect U-Bolt of all clips on dead end of rope

U-Bolts on live end of rope. (This will cause mashed spots on live end of rope.)

38. Use of Compressed Air

1. Compressed air must not be used to blow debris or to clear dirt from any workers’ clothes. 2. Air pressure must be turned off and the line pressure must be relieved before disconnecting the

hose or changing tools. 3. All hose connectors must be of the quick disconnect pressure release type with a “safety chain/cable”. 4. Personal protective equipment such as eye protection and face shields must be worn. Other

workers in the area must be made aware of or have restricted access to the hazard area. 5. Hoses must be checked on a regular basis for cuts, bulges, or other damage. Defective hoses

must be repaired or replaced. 6. A proper pressure regulator and relief device must be in the system to ensure that correct

desired pressures are maintained. 7. The correct air supply hoses must be used for the tool/equipment being used. 8. The equipment must be properly maintained according to the manufacturer’s requirements. 9. Personnel must comply with general instructions and legislated safety requirements.

VII-60


39. Hydro Testing

1. This section outlines safe work procedures, which specifically relate to hydrostatic pressure testing of pipelines, vessels and plant piping. Prior to any hydrostatic testing, a testing plan will have been written outlining the following:

a. Test medium (water or water/methanol mix). b. Minimum and maximum test pressures. c. Blanking which must be done to isolate other vessels or lines from the facilities to be tested. d. Stress on various components at maximum test pressure as a percentage of specified

minimum yield stress. e. Water source and de-watering point. f. Testing equipment to be utilized. g. Methods of avoiding over-pressurization during test.

Appropriate officials from the authority having jurisdiction over the construction of the facility will also have been notified as to the testing procedures and timing.

2. Persons involved in the actual testing work shall, by referring to the testing plan, have a clear understanding of the extent of the piping to be tested, the test medium to be used, the maximum test pressure which will be allowed during the test period and the target pressure at which the test is to be initiated (this target pressure is frequently lower than the maximum test pressure to allow for pressure increases caused by thermal expansion of the test medium).

3. All blinds, flanges, spectacle blinds, caps, plugs, etc., which are specified to be installed to isolate the line from other parts of the system shall be installed prior to the start of testing and each item shall be checked to ensure that its pressure rating is sufficient to withstand the test pressure in accordance with the test procedure.

4. During hydrostatic testing of plant piping or vessels, all personnel not directly involved with the testing shall be excluded from the immediate vicinity of any vessels or piping, which are to be pressurized.

For hydrostatic testing of pipelines all personnel not directly involved with the testing shall be excluded from the vicinity of any exposed portions of pipelines being tested. Also no work shall occur directly over a buried pipeline personnel must be advised that a test will be in progress.

5. For the duration of any test, suitable warning signs must be erected to advise other workers and the general public that a pressure test is being conducted. For exposed piping, whether aboveground or below ground (but not back filled), warning signs shall be posted at all locations towards which other personnel could approach the site in question. For buried pipelines, warning signs shall be posted, at minimum, at each side of each crossing of the right-of-way by a public road and at all locations where there is exposed pipe.

6. When filling piping sections with water in preparation for a hydrostatic test, care shall be taken to ensure that there are sufficient and adequately-sized vents open to atmosphere and that the fill pump type, size and rate is chosen to prevent instantaneous over – pressurization of the system as it becomes full. VII-61


7. Only qualified personnel shall do operation of the pressurization equipment. The operator shall be capable of communication either directly or by hand signals with the person who has the responsibility of the correct initial pressure.

8. Test section pressurization shall be stopped initially at a level no greater than 50% of intended test pressure and the test section shall be thoroughly inspected to ensure that there are no leaks on flanged or threaded fittings. Prior to tightening any flanged or threaded fittings, all pressure shall be relieved from the line.

9. To prevent over pressurization from test medium expansion, a person experienced in monitoring pressure gauges, recorders and dead weight testers shall man test sections continuously for the entire test duration. This person shall have been instructed in the contingency procedures required to prevent over-pressurization and shall have a clear understanding of the minimum and maximum allowable test pressures for the section under test.

10. Test equipment shall have proper calibration certification before it can be utilized on the test. No test shall be undertaken without a means of accurately determining the pressure in the test section.

11. Test manifold and valves shall be rated so that the working pressure of the components is not exceeded under the maximum allowable test pressure.

12. For test sections containing check valves, the following shall apply: a. Check valve shall be manually opened for the duration of the test. b. Recording instrumentation shall be on the downstream side of the check such that any

excess pressure, which might build up on the other side of the check will relieve itself into the test section.

c. There is adequate instrumentation for recording and relieving pressure on both sides of the check valve.

13. Where relief valves are to be used as a means of protection from test over-pressurization, it shall be considered to be a secondary means, the primary means being a qualified person who monitors the pressure and manually relieves pressure as required to stay within the acceptable test pressure range.

14. Methanol or water methanol mixture, if utilized, as a low temperature test medium shall be handled with extreme caution because of its flammability. Special pumps are required to handle methanol mixtures due to the danger of flash fires from vapor ignition. All personnel handling methanol mixtures shall wear fire retardant coveralls, gloves and mono-goggles in addition to the other safety protective hear required for all work. All methanol spills shall be reported and promptly cleaned up.

15. Caution shall be taken when relieving test medium to prevent injury or avoid environmental damage.

16. The following procedures shall be followed during pigging operations which may occur on pipelines prior to or after testing: a. All pig senders and catchers shall be securely welded onto the line pipe. b. No open ended catchers or catchers with removal end bars are acceptable. c. All pig catchers shall terminate in a flanged end closure or a weld cap with suitable end

connections for the introduction or removal of air or liquid. d. Pig catchers for air driven pigs shall have sufficient side slots to relieve air pressure in front

of a pig to prevent damage to the end of the catcher. VII-62


e. Workers shall not place fingers or hands inside any opening in a pipe in which a pig is being run.

f. Personnel shall stay a safe distance away from pig catchers to avoid injury from flying debris, which may be ejected through slots or openings in the catcher.

17. Test sections shall be prevented from freezing during test. In cold weather water shall be promptly and thoroughly drained from a test section to prevent damage to piping or other components.

18. Foundations and supports for piping and vessels, which are not designed to support the weight of test medium shall be supported temporarily in an adequate manner prior to filling with medium.

19. Testing with expansible and/or flammable fluids (i.e. compressed air or natural gas) shall not be allowed in any case except as authorized under an approved testing plan.

40. Blinding of Vessels and Piping Systems Blinds are required for pressure testing and to isolate vessels and/or pipe from any sources of gases or liquids. Since improper blinding (e.g. in a hot tie-in operation) can create a safety hazard, it is essential to establish consistent and appropriate procedures for this operation.

1. Prior to the removal or installation of any blind the following shall have taken place: a. The positions where blinds are to be installed or removed shall be marked on a mechanical

flow diagram to be attached to the Work Permit. b. A safety meeting will be held with all people involved in the blind removal or installation

work to outline potential hazards and detail safety precautions. 2. The worker shall ensure that the blinds, studs, nuts, and gaskets used meet the required

specification for material rating. 3. Physically check by opening a valve or similar port to atmosphere that the system is

depressurized and is safe to open up. 4. Self-contained breathing apparatus shall be used until it is proven that no respiratory hazard

exists. 5. Where appropriate, install warning signs and/or barriers around the work site. Ensure the

appropriate safety equipment is at the job sire and in good working order. Workers shall not proceed with work requiring special safety guards with necessary safety equipment standing by.

6. The location of stalled blinds or blanks shall be clearly tagged or marked with the blind identifying number. When a blind is removed, the removal shall be documented and be marked off on the blind drawing.

7. For blinds, which are installed on piping or vessels, which are to be pressurized, the blind installation is not considered to be complete until the equipment has been pressurized and a successful leak check has been performed.

41. Chemical Cleaning and Pickling Chemical cleaning and pickling may be hazardous due to the chemical agents involved, the necessity to enter confined spaces, and atmospheric pollution during the operation. Transport, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials used for chemical cleaning shall be done in accordance with current government regulations. VII-63


1. Prior to any employee being involved with any cleaning and pickling operation, the following shall have been done: a. Development of a pickling procedure detailing chemicals concentrations, temperatures,

circulation rates, duration and neutralization procedures. b. Development of a Safe Work plan including actual work at the site plus transportation to an

environmentally acceptable site and disposal of chemicals thereat. c. Provision of a Safe Work Permit for the site operations.

2. Workers shall not proceed with the work unless they are familiar with the procedure to be used,

trained in the handling of the hazardous chemicals involved, are provided with a data sheet outlining the properties of the chemicals involved and understand the requirements of the Safe Work Permit.

3. The following procedures shall be considered prior to and during cleaning and pickling:

a. Barricades, flags, or warning signs shall be installed around the work area before work begins.

b. Appropriate protective clothing shall be worn while pickling. This clothing shall be designed to prevent liquids from coming into direct contact with the skin and may include a helmet, coat, pants, gloves, rubber boots and a face shield.

c. All workers engaged in the chemical cleaning operation shall wear safety goggles while the cleaning procedure is under way.

d. The correct type of hose and piping shall be installed for the chemicals and circulating conditions.

e. Prior to pumping hot acid solution into the system being pickled, all hoses and piping shall be inspected. Suspect equipment shall be removed or proven safe.

f. There shall be a means of controlling pressures and temperatures during circulation of the pickling solution and preventing any leakage or spills during the operation. Draining of the hoses and piping after the work is complete shall be dome carefully to minimize exposure of workers to the cleaning and pickling solution.

g. Disposal of all acids, solvents and waste materials shall follow method outlined in the Safe Work Plan.

42. Hydro Vac

1. Always use a guide when backing hydro-vac or when approaching an open excavation. 2. Do not operate hydro-vac when lightening is in the area. 3. When adding or deleting suction pipes, always shut down the vacuum system. 4. Ensure that no loose clothing or material is present when working around moving parts ie. belts,

drive shafts 5. Use extreme caution when using power supplied from DC to AC generator. Electricity and

water is hazardous. VII-64


Wand Use caution when operating wands

1. Make sure the wand operator is in position and ready before want is pressurized. 2. Make sure wand pressure does not exceed what the wand operator is capable of handling. 3. Do not exceed 1000 psi when cleaning equipment. 4. Inspect hoses and fittings for any signs of wear or breakage.

Boiler

1. Boiler temperature setting should not exceed 55 degrees Celsius (Caution: 3rd degree burns can occur after 30 seconds of exposure).

2. Boiler should never be shut down or isolated while hot. (Heat trapped in boiler will vaporize water in blower lines and when released will cause a hazardous condition).

Debris Tank

1. When performing maintenance underneath debris tank, make sure safety bar is in place. 2. H2S gas may be present in soil, which is being sucked into debris tank – be sure to consult with

client if contaminated soil is present and follow the client’s recommended safety procedures. 3. Do not lift debris tank unless rear door locks are released.

VII-65


PART 8: JOB PROCEDURES 1. First Aid Procedure…………………………………………………………………..…… 67 2. Safe Work Alone Procedure……………………………………………………………… 68 3. High Pressure Air Test Procedure.………………………………………………………... 69

- Pressure Test Diagram…………………......... 73 4. Steep Slope Procedures………………………………………………………….………... 73 5. Tracking Equipment……………………………………………………….……………... 73

- Dozer Work…………………………………. 74 - Backhoe………………………………………75 - Rolling Equipment…….……………………..76 - Sideboom…….. ………………………….…..76 - Winching……...……………………………...79

6. Entry into Confined Spaces………………………………………………………………. 79 7. Rigging and Cranes………………………………………………………………………. 89 8. Ladders…………………………………………………………………………………… 91 9. Scaffolds…………………..……………………………………………………………… 91 10. Vehicles and Mobile Equipment…………………………………………………………. 91 11. Lockout and Tag out……………………………………………………………………… 92 12. Chemicals …... …………………………………………………………………………… 92 13. Boring and Drilling………………………………………………………………………. 93 14. Pile Driving…. …………………………………………………………………………… 93 15. Pipeline Excavation………………………………………………………………………. 94 16. Chain Saw………………………………………………………………………………… 96 17. Hydro-Vac………………………………………………………………………………… 96 18. Heavy Equipment Hauler…………………………………………………………………. 98 19. Work In Process Plant and other Live Facilities………….……………………………… 98

- Emergency Conditions………………………. 98 - Permit System………….. …………………….98 - Hot Work……… ………………………..……99 - Detection Equipment…... ………………….…99 - Explosive and Flammable Gases………... …...99 - H2S…………………………...……………… 99

20. Excavating and Trenching…………………………………………………………….… 102 21. Tie-ins…………………………………………………………………………………… 103 22. Stringing………..……………………………………………………………………….. 104 23. Right-of-Way ………………………………………………………………………….. 106 24. Bending………………………………………………………………………………….. 107 25. Welding………...……………………………………………………………………….. 108 26. Highway Crossing………………………………………………………………………. 109 27. Equipment – Getting On/Off………………….………………………………………… 110 28. Sleeve Shrinking……………….…………...…………………………………………… 110 29. Sand Blasting ……………….……………………….………………………………… 111 30. Pipe Coating ………………………..………………………………………………… 111 31. Environmental Procedure……………………………………...………………………… 112 32. Cold Cut Procedure…………………….……………………………...…………………118


1. FIRST AID PROCEDURE Macro Industries Inc. is committed to ensuring that appropriate first aid is provided as quickly as possible for any injured worker associated with Macro Industries Inc. Macro has set out strict guidelines as follows, to ensure the above will be met. First Aid Attendants:

Must be at least 18 years old with a valid class 5 Drivers license. Have successfully completed the Level 3 first aid training course approved by the Worksafe BC

board Have successfully completed Transportation Endorsement course and meets all other

requirements determined by the Worksafe BC board for designation as a first aid attendant Will provide injured workers with a prompt level of care within the scope of the attendants

training. Will be in direct contact with all site associated supervisors, workers and dispatch by means of

phone or radio. They will have prearranged routes in and out of the workplace and to medical treatment. Must position their MTC unit so they are able to view the job site and workers at all times as

well as monitor the entrance for any incoming and outgoing visitors/workers. Are to ensure that the Emergency Response Plan is complete and understood by everyone

associated. Workers who sustain a job related injury or illness, regardless of seriousness, are responsible for immediately reporting to the first aid attendant for assessment and/or recording, and must also report to their immediate supervisor. If medical treatment is required, workers will be promptly transported to the nearest hospital for treatment. NOTE: Workers are entitled to choose their own medical practitioner. All injuries including potential injuries will be recorded immediately by supervisor, first aid attendant, dispatch and/or management safety department.

Injuries that arise as a result of employment with the Macro Industries Inc. will be reported to Worksafe BC, by submitting WCB forms 7 and 7A, if any of the following occur:

The worker loses consciousness following the injury The worker is transported to or directed to go for medical treatment The injury is one that obviously requires medical attention The worker states that they intend to seek medical attention The worker has received medical treatment for the injury The worker is unable or claims to be unable to return to their usual job as a result of job induced

injury, on any work day subsequent to the day of injury The accident results in or is claimed to have resulted in breakage of eyeglasses, dentures, hearing

aids, or prosthetic devices The WCB or worker requests that an Employers Report of Injury or Occupation Disease (Form

7) be submitted to the Board.

VIII-67


In order to maximize quality First Aid coverage Macro Industries Inc. has set a standard that goes beyond the WCB approved minimum requirement. (Please refer to the Occupation First Aid Guidelines Section 3, Tables 5-6 “High Risk workplaces more/less than 20 minutes surface travel time to hospital” of the Worksafe BC website.) Macro will supply Level 3 First Aid coverage complete with an MTC unit to meet all First Aid Attendant requirements. Macro will complete a First Aid assessment based on Critical Task Analysis. Macro categorizes not only Macro employees and subcontractors, but also personnel direct with client, visitors, etc. when taking a head count for the First Aid Assessment. * Transportation to medical treatment may include a taxi, a company vehicle, or an ambulance, depending on the injured or ill workers condition. 2. SAFE WORK ALONE PROCEDURE Macro Industries Inc. recognized that on occasion, a worker may be required to work by themselves. In an attempt to ensure the safety of our workers, a procedure has been developed. 1. No worker is to work alone unless prior approval from management has been given. 2. The following information must be relayed to management prior to approval given: a. Name of worker (who has agreed to do the work) b. Specific location of the worksite c. Identified hazards (the worker is fully aware of and has removed or controlled hazards where required.) d. Duties to be performed and the competency level of the worker e. Approximate amount of time the worker will be working alone f. Means of communication (the worker has been adequately trained in use of) g. The worker has a phone list of our personnel on call in the event of an emergency h. The person on call has a direct means of contacting the employee at any time i. The worker and the person on call are knowledgeable of the company’s Working Alone procedures 3. Upon approval, the worker shall call in prior to the commencement of work to notify the person on call. This step will ensure the worker and person on call that there is a direct means of communication. Should the worker be unable to establish communication, they are not to commence their work. 4. If communication is established, the worker shall call in every 2 hours until the work has been completed. At time of completion the worker will call to notify that the duties have been fulfilled. A final call must be completed when the worker reaches their place of residence (temporary or otherwise). 5. If the person on call has not heard from the worker within the above time frames, they are to contact the worker and establish communication. 6. If the person on call is unable to contact the worker, then they are to make arrangements for someone (i.e.; another worker) to go to the worksite as soon as possible. Particular job functions will have inherent hazards associated with them and may be deemed as high risk, low risk or a combination of the two. The degree of risk will not eliminate the requirement to be aware of the hazard control measures applicable, but it will aid in determining the appropriate hazard control measures.


Examples of work functions that present high risk hazards may include working with or in: Confined Spaces Toxic gases, liquids or solids (hazardous substances or materials) Flammable liquids High pressure or high voltage systems Equipment or machinery Extreme weather conditions Heights

Examples of work functions that present low-risk hazards may include working with or in:

Maintenance functions on inactive equipment Routine job functions that are part of a long standing operation procedure and where experience

has shown them to be safe Desk work

Workers performing duties in the high risk hazard category will rarely work alone. However, when it is necessary to work alone; it is mandatory that the employee have a two-way radio, cell phone, satellite phone or truck phone with them; inform their supervisor and dispatch where they will be; what time they will start and proposed completion time. Worker is responsible for maintaining communication at assigned regular intervals (NOT to exceed two hours throughout the job) and report when job is completed. Dispatch is available 24 hours each day, 7 days a week. 3. HIGH PRESSURE AIR TEST PROCEDURE Job Procedure – Introduction All procedures pertain to both riser and test head applications. Air compressed to high pressure represents stored energy equal, in some cases, to the explosive power of dynamite. A violent eruption of air under pressure can do great physical damage, shoot out flying particles like bullets, and cause loss of life to workmen within the blast area. If the stored energy is released through open ended pipe instead of by a major rupture, then the reaction forces set up at the pipe end can be large enough to cause even the largest pipe to whip like an unattended garden hose. Because of these inherent dangers, the following procedure is set up as a guide for safe conduct of a high-pressure air test. Special conditions at each site will still require the exercise of common sense. Site Selection The superintendent in charge of the pipeline construction will personally select the site for setting up the compressors. The following points are to be considered:

1. Remote from heavily traveled or densely populated areas. 2. Good access for trucks. 3. Feasible tie-in point to the pipeline. 4. Good communications site for radios (preferably the highest point). VIII-69


Set Up of Compressors Each test will require different sizes of compressors and different layouts. The set up should be sketched out on paper so that the following points are considered:

1. Set up compressors so they can be staked against movement while operating. 2. Keep the piping between compressors to the shortest possible length. 3. Fuel tanks are to be set 50 feet from the nearest compressor. 4. Fuel lines are to be large enough to ensure proper fuel supply to each compressor. 5. The main fuel line is to be equipped with a master valve at the tanks for emergency shut

down of all units. 6. All air and fuel lines are to be laid out on the ground so that they are the least possible hazard

to movement of personnel about the site. 7. All surface lines handling compressed air are to be anchored by cross-staking at ten-foot

intervals to prevent whipping in case of rupture. The amount of anchoring will depend on the test pressure, the size of pipe and the soil conditions. Softer soils, larger pipe, and higher pressure will require closer intervals.

8. Escape routes from the various areas of activity on the compressor site must be marked before the compressor is started.

9. A meeting of all personnel should be held on site prior to starting the test so that each man understands his particular job.

Pipeline Manifolding There are two very critical areas of physical weakness that must be watched when testing pipelines with air:

1. The point where air is injected into the pipeline system. 2. The point where air is allowed to escape (the point of bleed down).

Both these areas must be piped to withstand unusual forces caused by vibration and mechanical impact. Do not saddle in. In all cases use the proper fittings, no matter the test pressure. Inlet Manifold

1. Provide anchors to support and at the same time hold down the end of the pipeline. 2. Provide a full opening plug valve to be bolted or threaded directly to owner’s pipeline. 3. A check valve must be provided that can be adapted to the supply line and the valve. 4. The pipe size is to be large enough to keep friction loss within reasonable limits. Typically,

the same size as the compressor outlet piping. Fittings and restrictions are to be avoided whenever possible.

5. All pipe and fittings are to be rated for the service and pressure minimum of one ANSI or API rating above the maximums anticipated. Pipe and fitting threads must be in good shape, preferably new. All pipe and fittings must be steel, not cast or malleable iron.

6. High pressure hose for flexible connection between the compressors and rigid piping should be avoided. Where elimination of hose is not feasible, the length of hose is to be kept to the minimum length (less than 12 feet) commensurate with the vibration isolation requirements. Hose should be chain-anchored at both ends.

VIII-70


7. The safety release valves must be placarded, warning people of the potential danger in case of inadvertent opening.

Preparation of the Pipeline System

1. The safe operation of a high-pressure air test can be greatly enhanced by proper preparation of the owner’s pipeline system. All work on the system should be planned to facilitate several people checking the following items to see that the work is done properly:

2. Ensure that the test head and riser material is a minimum of schedule 40. 3. Ensure that the test head has been pre-tested to a minimum of 125% of test pressure. 4. Ensure that all the backfill that can be done is done and that it has been compacted. 5. Ensure that the pipe is adequately secured to all of the owner-provided anchor blocks. 6. Ensure that all above ground pipe is secured adequately to prevent danger to personnel in

case of rupture. 7. Tighten up all flanges from one end to the other, in logical sequence, with a torque wrench,

following proper torque procedure. Mark each flange when it has been tightened. 8. Pressure up the system to 250 psi and make a complete inspection of each flange and fitting

for audible leaks. Use of “soap test” is recommended at this stage. The Compression Operation

1. Provide an operator at the compressor site on a 24 hour basis, who is familiar with the compressor operation and who is experienced in handling high pressure air systems.

2. Provide, on a 24 hour basis, a line patrolman who is dependable and conscientious. He should, if possible, be in constant radio contact with the compressor operator.

3. Check the pressure recorders and temperature recorder for proper operation. The Blow Down This procedure is considered to be the most dangerous aspect of the pressure test due to the chance of unsuspected unbalanced forces being generated during the release of air. The following are items that must be observed, along with the use of a great deal of common sense:

1. The blow down orifice (valve) should be a part of the customer pipeline system. If not a part, then the device or system must be designed to withstand the large reaction forces that will be developed by the release of the stored energy in the high pressure air.

2. Piping system and associated blowdown must be well supported, both vertically and laterally. Consider that a gaseous flow pushes against the pipe end that it is escaping from. If the pipe end is not directly in line with the centre line of the pipeline, torsional forces will be set up which may lift the pipeline or twist it.

3. Valves must be opened slowly to the full open position. Do not throttle the air outlet by partially opening the valves. Vibrations that can cause serious damage may be set up and erosion of the valve shut-off members may result.

4. Post a guard at the blow down site on a 24 hour basis, to ensure that the public does not enter the area of the blast.

5. Ensure all PPE is worn including gloves and hearing protection (ear plugs and muff-like protection over ears)

6. Direct the air blast in a safe direction. If possible, the air blast should be directed upward to prevent danger to the public. VIII-71


Special Safety Precautions:

1. Work permits will be in place when and where required. The work permit must be at the jobsite and be available for inspection at the client’s request. Workers will stay within the limits of the work permit. Work permits shall be returned to the issuer at the end of the shift. Work permits shall be reissued when expired.

2. Provide safety ear shields to eliminate ear damage from the noise of escaping air. 3. All personnel working on patrol and inspections must travel in pairs. One man is to stay

outside of the work area to act as a rescue agent in case of emergency. 4. All personnel who are not directly involved in the test must be prevented from entering any

of the sections under test. Air Test Procedures steps

1. A pretest safety meeting must be held with all Macro personnel, test contractors personnel and Oil company representatives. There must be a checklist made covering the following.

a. General test procedures b. Site specific test procedures c. Emergency response plan d. Emergency contact and phone list e. Map of test area with muster point f. Test contractors – test procedures g. All test pressures and associated data h. Radios with proper channels must be supplied for everyone involved

2. Before test is started, all flange bolts must be checked for tightness and all valves must be pad locked in position.

3. Warning signs and barricades to be placed on all access routes. 4. All operations on site to be stopped during pump up, test and depression. 5. Guards to be posted at access points for duration of test and everyone on site to sign in and

out with guard on duty (Note: No unauthorized personnel shall be allowed within 500m of the pipeline under test.)

6. All hook up lines and fittings to be checked for proper rating and condition and properly anchored.

7. Ensure that there is a check valve on fill line hook up point as close to pipeline as possible and on all hook-up piping on test.

8. A final drive thru of project must be done by Macro supervisor and testing crew foreman before hook-up of test unit. Complete final checklist and sign off. (see attached checklist)

9. Once all are satisfied that area is secure, pumping operations may commence. Pressure will be taken up to 20% then held for 1 hour, while a leak test can be performed. Pressure will then be taken to 75% and held for 1 hour while leak test can be performed again. Pressure will then be taken to target and allowed to stabilize.

10. NOTE: If any leaks are found, they must be repaired immediately. If pressure is greater than 500 psi, line must be fully depressurized or possibly blown down. Line will be locked out until leak problems have been fixed.

11. Night shift testing crew will be orientated to pipeline test conditions by supervisor and/or initial testing crew. VIII-72


Pressure Test Diagram:

4. STEEP SLOPE PROCEDURE Job Procedure – Scope of Work The purpose of this document is to outline the safe work procedures to be performed by workers and machinery on steep slopes. 5. TRACKING EQUIPMENT It is to be noted that tracked equipment will require tie-off by winch line on steep slopes. This document provides the limits for slopes, for which tie-off will be required. On slopes of lesser degree but which include difficult or rugged terrain, the use of a winch line for stability may still be required. A site-specific analysis of the work area must be performed prior to commencement of the work. The foreman and operator(s) should assess each site individually to determine the winch line requirements for the work to be performed. VIII-73


Note regarding work on extreme steep slopes: If a requirement exists for dozer, sideboom or backhoe work on an extreme slope, a thorough analysis of the work plan should be discussed with all workers who will be involved ahead of commencement. The superintendent, in consultation with the foreman and operator(s), will make a site decision to determine if additional engineering input is required to facilitate safe performance of the work. Steep Slope Procedures In addition to the standard steep slope procedure, a site-specific evacuation plan will be formulated. This evacuation plan will take into account the physical characteristics of the area and will include

1. A tailgate meeting prior to any work. All concerned parties to be present to discuss and aid in the formulation of the procedure.

2. A first aid kit and stretcher will be placed in a strategic position. There will be adequate personnel available at all times in the immediate area so that in the case of an accident, an injured party can be expediently carried by stretcher to an access point.

3. An evacuation route for each site will also be preplanned in the event that an injured party has to be transported to an emergency response vehicle or an evacuation helicopter.

4. A minimum 20-minute emergency response time will be standard for all areas of construction on the project. Employee activities will be planned in conjunction with the strategic placement and number of emergency vehicles on the project so as to keep emergency response time to an absolute minimum and within the above guidelines.

DOZER WORK – Safe Work Guidelines for Dozer Work

1. Where practical, operator should attempt to work the machine parallel to the slope i.e. in an up and down manner rather than on a cross slope i.e. working side hill

2. The operator must give consideration to the terrain encountered on the slope, including the stability of the material on the slope i.e. underfoot stability

3. The operator must also give consideration to the capabilities of the machine being operated, with respect to climbing or descending steep slopes.

4. The following maximum slopes may be worked on without the assistance of a winch line providing the terrain is distinguishable. Where there is doubt about the underlying stability of the terrain, the operator should test the slope under “No Load” conditions before commencing with the work.

5. The following specifications for Caterpillar products are taken out of the Caterpillar Performance Handbook:

VIII-74


D8N: - 285 horsepower. - 12.4 psi with 26” shoes. - 45 degree slope “C” (grade-

ability). - Drawbar pull in first gear:

105,000# - Drawbar pull in second gear:

61,000# - Drawbar pull in third gear:

28,000#

D8K: - 300 horsepower. - 10.5 psi with 26” shoes. - 45 degree slope (grade-

ability) - Drawbar pull in first gear:



26,000#

Note: Direct drive pulls. There is no published data for power shifts in this model. They should be similar to the D8N, because of the weight and horsepower similarities.

D7H: - 215 horsepower. - 19.87 psi with 24” shoes. - 45 degree slope (grade-




22,000#

D7G: - 200 horsepower. - 8.80 psi with 24” shoes. - 45 degree slope (grade-




22,000# Grade-ability is subjected to the oil capacity in the engine. We have found that in severe slopes, the engine should be slightly over full. Also, drawbar pulls will vary with the shoes “dig-in” capacity. BACKHOE WORK

1. Backhoes shall not be permitted to excavate on slopes, which exceed 35 degrees (70%) without being tied off to an anchor winch line. A D8 dozer or equivalent shall be recommended for anchoring backhoes.

2. Backhoes shall operate only on a prepared work surface where minimal side slope conditions are evident. There may be occasions where the operator will be required to self-construct the working surface ahead of the excavation, to provide a stable work base for excavating.

3. Where possible the backhoe should excavate in a downward position on steep slopes. 4. The backhoe must maintain adequate clearance between the machine body and the

ground throughout the entire swing area. 5. A method of signaling the anchor tractor and backhoe shall be discussed ahead of time

between the operators of both machines. Most often hand radios are used. 6. No persons shall place themselves between the tied-off backhoe and the anchor tractor,

within the path of the winch cable. VIII-75


7. All cables, hooks and drawbar assemblies shall be checked ahead of tie-off activities, ensuring that all materials are all in good working condition.

8. The following specifications for the Caterpillar 330L backhoe and the John Deere 892E are taken from the Caterpillar and John Deere Performance Handbooks.

330L:

- 222 horsepower. - 6.51 psi with 32” shoes. - 18 degree slope (for 360 degrees swing

with full load and stick fully extended) - 45 degree slope (grade-ability) - Drawbar pull 59,750#

892E: - 220 horsepower. - 32” triple grouser shoe with

average ground pressure. - 5.62 psi. - Drawbar pull 51,200# - Traction grade ability 119% (50

degrees) off level operating limit for oil sump 100% (45 degrees).

The grade ability is limited to the oil capacity in the engine oil sump. On severe slopes you may find that overfilling slightly may be helpful. The drawbar pull will vary depending on the terrain with the penetration of the shoe. ie. single bar grousers on backhoes are recommended. ROLLING EQUIPMENT

1. Inspection of terrain and procedures shall be discussed beforehand to allow adequate time for the planning process i.e. where steep slope procedures are required

2. Procedures are to be discussed before movement of either the tow machine and/or vehicle.

3. Pickups, crewcabs, welding rigs, stringing trucks, etc. to be operated only on prepared right-of-way.

4. All towing operations to be performed under the direction of one signalman properly situated so as to be visible to all parties.

5. All workers in the vicinity shall maintain proper clearance. No workers allowed in the vicinity of the winch line during winching and/or towing operations.

6. Only the operator of vehicle allowed to be in the vehicle. No riders or passengers. 7. Check load for proper tie-downs, secured to hold load down as well as keep load from

sliding forward or backward. 8. Cables, hooks and drawbar assemblies to be checked to ensure that all are of proper type

and specification. If any non-conformity is noted, then that particular item shall be removed from the worksite and or replaced with an alternate, adequate item.

9. Proper sized equipment for towing to be used. SIDEBOOM

1. Sidebooms are to be operated on a prepared or graded right-of-way. 2. Sideboom operators must not place their machines in a position of danger on cross slopes

and should maintain a straight up and down alignment on the right-of-way as may be practical.

VIII-76


3. Sidebooms may not be operated with a load on right-of-way which exceeds 24 degrees, (45%), or without a load on a right-of-way that exceeds 26 degrees (49%)

4. If a sideboom should slip sideways while under load, all travel with the load should stop. Load should be released prior to further transport of the load.

5. Any lowering operations, which occur on slopes in excess of 22 degrees (40%), are to be coordinated under the direction of one signalman/foreman. The signalman must be situated in a position that allows for clear sight to all operators during the lower-in phase.

6. Where the requirement exists to walk a pipe section in over the crest of a slope, the section should be anchored to a winch or catch-off tractor. This will prevent sudden load shifting on all other tractors carrying the load in the event of slippage of one tractor.

7. All workers employed in the vicinity of sidebooms shall maintain adequate clearance from the machine while in motion particularly while working on steep slopes. No worker shall place himself in a position of danger between the machine and the pipe/ditch during sideboom operation.

8. A method of signaling the anchor tractor and sideboom shall be discussed ahead of time between the operators of both machines. An on-ground signalman may also be used for this purpose.

9. No persons shall place themselves between the tied-off sideboom and the anchor tractor, within the path of the winch cable.

10. All cables, hooks and drawbar assemblies shall be checked ahead of tie-off activities, ensuring that all materials are all in good working condition.

11. It is very difficult to determine grade-ability on any sideboom while operating the draw works. This cannot be accurately determined because of the many adverse variables such as weights of pipe, proximity to the trench, “dig-in” capabilities of the track shoes and sheer operator intelligence, to name a few.

Therefore, Caterpillar advises that all things being equal and reasonable, the grade-ability of a sideboom should be 74% of a corresponding D6/D7 tractor. Since the grade-ability of the carrier is 45 degrees, 30 degrees should be a reasonable, safe estimate if operated with due care and attention.

Winch Line Use and Safety Factors

1. The safety factors for wire rope and connections for use on hills have been presented in Table 2 (see next page).

2. Winch tractors, which are used as anchors for other equipment, must be stationed in a secure position, with the blade lowered for additional stability.

3. Where weight exceeding the weight of the operating piece of equipment. 4. The operator of the winch tractor is to remain on the machine until the completion of

winch activities. VIII-77


Table 2 Safety Factor for use of Wire Rope Winch Cables on Slopes Specification (6x26) 1 1/8” Diameter Steel Core Wire Rope & Specification (6x26) 1 ¼” Diameter Steel Core Wire Rope Operating Equipment

Gross Equip. Weight lb

Slope Degree (%) Safety Factor One Part Line

Safety Factor Two Part Line

30 57 4.4 5.5 8.8 11.1 D6 Dozer 43,000 45 100 3.1 3.9 6.2 7.7 30 57 3.3 4.1 6.6 8.3 D7 Dozer 57,000 45 100 2.3 2.9 4.7 5.8 30 57 2.6 2.2 6.1 6.4 D8 Dozer 75,000 45 100 1.8 2.3 3.6 4.5 30 57 5.4 6.9 10.9 13.7 561 (w/o load) 35,000 45 100 3.9 4.8 7.7 9.6 30 57 2.9 3.7 5.8 7.3 561 (with load) 65,000 45 100 2.1 2.6 4.1 5.3 30 57 3.1 3.9 6.2 7.7 572 (w/o load) 61,000 45 100 2.1 2.6 4.1 5.3 30 57 1.5 1.9 3.0 3.8 572 (with load) 125,000 45 100 1.0 1.3 2.1 2.6 30 57 2.1 2.6 4.1 5.3 583 (w/o load) 90,000 45 100 1.5 1.9 3.0 3.8 30 57 - - 1.6 2.1 583 (with load) 230,000 45 100 - - 1.2 1.5 30 57 4.3 5.4 8.6 10.9 215 Hoe or

Equivalent 44,000

45 100 3.0 3.8 6.0 7.5 30 57 3.3 4.1 6.6 8.3 225 Hoe or

Equivalent 57,000

45 100 2.3 2.9 4.7 5.8 30 57 2.0 2.4 3.9 4.9 235 Hoe or

Equivalent 97,000

45 100 1.4 1.8 2.8 3.6 Notes:

1. The sideboom weight with load includes 75% of the rated lift capacity @ 1.22 meter boom overhang. Work, which is planned to ensure loads smaller than the rated lift will have a greater safety factor than that tabulated.

2. This table assumes that the cable terminations are rated at 90% of the wire breaking strength.

VIII-78


WINCHING 1. The field engineer should be consulted to determine the grade of slopes in advance of the

work. Reference may also be made to profile drawings where available. 2. Wire rope connections are to be rated at a minimum 90% of the rope breaking strength

for the minimum rope diameter specified in Table 2. 3. The guideline and procedures detailed in this document are for “normal” conditions. If

alternate conditions are encountered, these guidelines should not be exceeded, unless specifically approved by a qualified engineer following a thorough assessment of the work.

4. Proper judgment is to be exercise when determining the requirement to tie-off equipment at lesser slopes than those outlined in Table 2. Poor site conditions may invoke this requirement.

5. Winch lines are to remain tight during use, to prevent shock loading in the event of sudden equipment movement.

6. A minimum three wraps are to remain on the winch drum at all times. 7. Wire rope and connections shall be checked on a daily basis to confirm their integrity. 8. With reference to Table 2, a minimum safety factor of four is recommended for new wire

rope (6 x 26) steel core grade 110/120 which can be traced to a specific manufacturer. 9. A minimum safety factor of five (5) is recommended for used steel core wire rope in

good condition, which cannot be traced to a specific manufacturer. 6. ENTRY INTO CONFINED SPACE

• A confined space is any area where there is limited means of exit and which may contain or has contained any material hazardous to workers entering, or which may have inadequate ventilation to sustain life, or may entail other hazards to the workers entering the area. • Entry into confined spaces is one of the most hazardous tasks faced by personnel at the work site. Every year there are many fatalities and injuries associated with confined space entry that could have been avoided had the personnel involved been properly trained in preparation, testing and rescue techniques. Prior to entry, the supervisor must proceed through the checklist on the Confined Space Entry Checklist.

VIII-79


CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS

Limited

Egress

Crushing

Ex

Substanc

plosion Fire or B

urns

Exposure

To Toxic

es F Equipm

en

alling O

bjects

Overhead

t Drow

ning

Electrical

Falling

Poor

Traction or Footing

Trenches

Tanks & Vessels

Towers & Stacks

Dykes

Rooms & Vaults

TRENCHES AND EXCAVATIONS Definitions:

• A trench is an elongated dug out area of ground whose depth exceeds its width at the bottom.

• An excavation is any dug out area of ground whose width at the bottom exceeds its depth.

• A temporary Protective Structure is any structure or device designed to provide protection from cave-ins, collapses, etc. in a trench or excavation. This includes shoring, bracing, piles, planking, or cages.

• A Spoil Pile is a temporary pile of loose ground from the excavation or trench.

• An explosive atmosphere is one, which contains the LEL (lower explosive limit) or more of a gas or vapor.

• A flammable atmosphere is one, which contains more that 10% of the LEL of a gas or vapor.

• A toxic atmosphere is one, which may cause injury or death to a worker breathing it.

• An oxygen-deficient Atmosphere is one where the oxygen content is less than 18Kpa partial pressure.

VIII-80


Protective Equipment and Practices In addition the minimum PPE required for the job site, the following pieces of equipment shall be used as they are deemed necessary: LEL, H2S, and O2 monitors, fire retardant coveralls, tethers and harnesses. Excavations and trenches more than 3 meters in depth shall have a temporary protective structure built, installed, maintained, and dismantled in accordance with a professional engineer’s specifications. Approval and Permits Permission and applicable licenses shall be obtained in writing from ERCB, landowner, client, utility companies, and other companies where applicable. Hot work permits shall be obtained where necessary from the client. The supervising foreman is responsible to ensure that all workers have appropriate knowledge, training, and experience for the task. Pre-Job Meeting The pre-job meeting for any excavation or trench entry shall review any hazards, works procedures, environmental concerns, and safety practices associated with the job. Specific details of the meeting contents will vary depending upon the exact nature of the job, but may include the following:

1. Natural hazards (high ground water, loose soil, etc) 2. Buried Pipelines, tanks, cathodic beds, electrical lines, etc. 3. Special conditions of permission or licenses. 4. Proper equipment. 5. Atmospheric sampling and evacuation – no worker shall remain in an area if LEL is

greater than 10%, 02 is less than 19.5%, or H2S is greater than 10ppm. 6. Topsoil salvage. 7. Hand exposure requirements. 8. Reporting hierarchy. 9. Emergency response plan. 10. Procedures to be performed and the effects of different jobs on each other on site.

The pre-job meeting will be recorded on the Toolbox Safety Meeting Report or the Safety Meeting Report. Barricades and Signs Barricades and signs will be erected wherever required by law, OH&S, or client regulations. In addition, they will be erected wherever the field supervisor perceives a risk to the public, workers or equipment if the trench or excavation were not barricaded or flagged. Any trench or excavation, which is to be left unattended, will be fenced and/or barricaded. VIII-81


Task Procedures 1. Pre-job safety meeting. 2. Move in and spot equipment in compliance with set backs in permission approvals and

legislation. 3. Salvage topsoil. 4. Hand or hydro-vac expose buried pipelines, cables, or tanks where applicable. Be aware

that there may be multiple components to be exposed. 5. Mechanical excavation or trenching:

a. If the trench or excavation is deeper than 1.5 meters, walls must be back sloped to 45 degrees on all sides or a temporary protective structure must be in place.

b. An adequate egress must be installed, such as a ladder or benched walkway. c. A competent watch person must be assigned. d. Spoil pile must be a minimum of 1 meter from the edge of the excavation. e. Machinery or heavy objects must be located no closer to the nearest vertical edge of

the trench or excavation than the depth of the trench. f. If the trench or excavation is adjacent to or butting against a building or structure, a

temporary protective structure certified by a professional engineer must be used to provide additional protection.

TANKS AND VESSELS Definitions:

• A tank is a device for storing gasses or fluids at or near atmospheric pressure. • A vessel is a device for containing gasses or fluids as a part of a process, which may be under

either high pressure or vacuum. • An explosive atmosphere is one, which contains the LEL (lower explosive limit) of a gas or

vapor. • A flammable atmosphere is one, which contains more than 10% of the LEL of a gas or vapor. • A toxic atmosphere is one, which may cause injury or death to a worker breathing it.

Protective Equipment and Practices

1. Ensure operations have decommissioned tank or vessel. 2. Blind all lines entering the tank or vessel. 3. Lockout all electrical or mechanical apparatus within the tank or vessel. 4. Depending on the nature of the tank or vessel, some or all of the following may be

required in addition to the minimum PPE: a. Fire retardant coveralls. b. Chemical suits. c. Dark eyeglasses or goggles (No. 8-10 darkness near welding). d. SCBA/SABA e. Hearing protection. f. LEL/O2/H2S monitoring – readings to be recorded on work permit. VIII-82


Approval and Permits Macro employees will have to receive an entry permit, which will be issued by the client’s representative prior to entry. Although the confined space will have been prepared by the client, it is important that Macro employees be familiar with the procedure in order to double check that the area is safe and to reduce the possibility of something being overlooked. Pre-job Meetings The pre-job meeting for any tank or vessel entry shall review any hazards, works procedures, environmental concerns, and safety practices associated with the job. Specific details of the meeting contents will vary depending upon the exact nature of the job, but may include the following:

1. Natural hazards (high ground water, loose soil, etc). 2. Special conditions of permission or licenses. 3. Contents of tanks or vessel – review MSDS. 4. Proper equipment. 5. Atmospheric sampling and evacuation – no worker shall remain in an area if LEL is

greater than 10%, O2 is less than 19.5%, or H2S is greater than 10ppm. 6. Reporting hierarchy. 7. Emergency response plan. 8. Procedures to be performed and the effects of different jobs on each other in the space.

The pre-job meeting will be recorded on Toolbox Safety Meeting Report or Safety Meeting Report. Barricades and Signs Barricades and signs will be erected wherever required by law, OH&S, or client regulations. In addition, they will be erected wherever the field supervisor perceives a risk to workers or equipment if the trench or excavation were not barricaded or flagged. Any trench or excavation, which is to be left unattended, will be fenced and/or barricaded. Task Procedures

1. Ensure all liquids and gases have been removed to a safe place of disposal. 2. Ensure the tank or vessel has been de-pressured. 3. Isolate the tank or vessel from the system by one of the following methods:

a. Blinding – Use of a blind flange or a spectacle blind. b. Blanking. c. Separating and plugging. d. Blocking and bleeding – close and lock off all inlet valves, and bleed off pressure

from the service lines. e. Use a diagram of the tank or vessel involved which shows all openings and pipe

connections as a checklist to install isolation equipment. 4. Ensure that all internal equipment is shut off and locked in the “safe” position prior to

entry. 5. Remove man ways and fire tubes by removing all but four (4) diagonally opposing bolts

in each item. Use self contained or supplied air respiratory protection to complete VIII-83


opening the hatch. Support the item as necessary to remove the remaining bolts and remove the item for cleaning and/or repairs.

6. Check vessel for contaminants and low oxygen content (greater than 19.5%). a. H2S b. Other toxic chemicals c. Explosive or flammable mixtures

TOWERS AND STACKS Definitions:

• A tower is a vessel whose long dimension is vertical to the ground. • A stack is a pipe structure whose purpose is to vent or burn excess gasses, emitting any

fumes at a higher elevation than the traffic regions of the facility. • An explosive atmosphere is one, which contains the LEL (lower explosive limit) of a gas or



1. Ensure operations have decommissioned tower or stack. 2. Blind all lines entering the tower or stack. 3. Lockout all electrical or mechanical apparatus within the tower or stack. 4. Depending on the nature of the tower or stack, some or all of the following may be

required in addition to the minimum PPE: a. Fire retardant coveralls b. Chemical suits c. Dark eyeglasses or goggles (No. 8-10 darkness near welding) d. SCBA/SABA e. Hearing protection f. LEL/O2/H2S monitoring – readings to be recorded on work permit g. Body harness and safety tether

Approval and Permits Macro employees will have to receive an entry permit, which will be issued by the client’s representative prior to entry. Although the confined space will have been prepared by the client, it is important that Macro employees be familiar with the procedure in order to double check that the area is safe and to reduce the possibility of something being overlooked. Pre-job Meeting The pre-job meeting for any tower or stack entry shall review any hazards, works procedures, environmental concerns, and safety practices associated with the job. Specific details of the meeting contents will vary depending upon the exact nature of the job, but may include the following:

1. Natural hazards (high ground water, loose soil, etc) VIII-84


2. Special conditions of permission or licenses 3. Contents of tower or stack – review MSDS 4. Proper equipment 5. Atmospheric sampling and evacuation – no worker shall remain in an area if LEL is

greater than 10%, O2 is less than 19.5%, or H2S is greater than 10ppm 6. Reporting hierarchy 7. Emergency response plan 8. Procedures to be performed, and the effects of different jobs on each other in the space

The pre-job meeting will be recorded on the Toolbox Safety Meeting Report or the Safety Meeting Report. Barricades and Signs Barricades and signs will be erected wherever required by law, OH&S, or client regulations. In addition, they will be erected wherever the field supervisor perceives a risk to workers or the equipment if the trench or excavation were not barricaded or flagged. Any tower or stack, which is to be left open and unattended will be fenced and/or barricaded. Task Procedures

1. Ensure all liquids and gases have been removed to a safe place of disposal. 2. Ensure the tank or vessel has been de-pressured. 3. Isolate the tank or vessel from the system by one of the following methods:

a. Blinding – Use of a blind flange or a spectacle blind. b. Blanking. c. Separating and plugging. d. Blocking and bleeding – close and lock off all inlet valves, and bleed off pressure

from the service lines. e. Use a diagram of the tank or vessel involved which shows all openings and pipe

connections as a checklist to install isolation equipment. 4. Ensure that all internal equipment is shut off and locked in the “safe” position prior to

entry. 5. Remove man ways and fire tubes by removing all but four (4) diagonally opposing bolts

in each item. Use self contained or supplied air respiratory protection to complete opening the hatch. Support the item as necessary to remove the remaining bolts and remove the item for cleaning and/or repairs.

6. Check vessel for contaminants and low oxygen content (greater than 19.5%). a. H2S b. Other toxic chemicals c. Explosive or flammable mixtures

7. Ensure that safety harnesses are in good condition and are properly worn by workers. 8. Secure harness in such a manner that the work can be completed safely, with easiest

access for rescue if required. VIII-85


ROOMS AND VAULTS Definitions:

• A vault is a room that is located below ground level. • An explosive atmosphere is one, which contains the LEL (lower explosive limit) of a gas or



1. If possible, ensure operations have decommissioned piping to be worked on within the room or vault.

2. If possible, lockout electrical or mechanical apparatus within the room or vault which may present a hazard.

3. Depending on the nature of the room or vault, some or all of the following may be required in addition to the minimum PPE: a. Fire retardant coveralls b. Chemical suits c. Dark eyeglasses or goggles (No. 8-10 darkness near welding) d. SCBA/SABA e. Hearing protection f. LEL/O2/H2S monitoring – readings to be recorded on work permit g. Body harness and safety tether

Approval and Permits In operational facilities, Macro employees will have to receive an entry permit, which will be issued by the client’s representative prior to entry. Although the confined space will have been prepared by the client, it is important that Macro employees be familiar with the procedure in order to double check that the area is safe and to reduce the possibility of something being overlooked. Pre-job Meeting The pre-job meeting, for any room or vault entry shall review any hazards, work procedures, environmental concerns, and safety practices associated with the job. Specific details of the meeting contents will vary depending upon the exact nature of the job, but may include the following:

1. Natural hazards (high ground water, loose soil, etc) 2. Special conditions of permission or licenses 3. Contents of tower or stack – review MSDS 4. Proper equipment 5. Atmospheric sampling and evacuation – no worker shall remain in an area if LEL is

greater than 10%, O2 is less than 19.5%, or H2S is greater than 10ppm 6. Reporting hierarchy VIII-86


7. Emergency response plan 8. Procedures to be performed, and the effects of different jobs on each other in the space

The pre-job meeting will be recorded on the Toolbox Safety Meeting Report or the Safety Meeting Report.

Barricades and Signs Barricades and signs will be erected wherever required by law, OH&S, or client regulations. In addition, they will be erected wherever the field supervisor perceives a risk to workers or equipment if the room or vault were not barricaded or flagged.

Task Procedures 1. Ensure all liquids and gases have been removed to a safe place of disposal. 2. Ensure the room or vault has been vented. 3. Ensure that all internal equipment is shut off and locked in the “safe” position prior to

entry. 4. Check room or vault for contaminants and low oxygen content (greater than 19.5%).

a. H2S b. Other toxic chemicals c. Explosive or flammable mixtures


access for rescue if required. DYKES

• A dyke is a temporary or permanent barricade intended to contain spilled fluids.

Protective Equipment and Practices 1. The site supervisor in conjunction with client requirements and representatives will

develop a specific job procedure. 2. Depending on the nature of the dyke, some or all of the following may be required in

addition to the minimum PPE: a. Fire retardant coveralls b. Chemical suits c. Dark eyeglasses or goggles (No. 8-10 darkness near welding) d. SCBA/SABA e. Hearing protection f. LEL/O2/H2S monitoring – readings to be recorded on work permit g. Body harness and safety tether

Approval and Permits Macro employees may have to receive an entry permit, which will be issued by the client’s representative prior to entry. Although the confined space will have been prepared by the client, it is important that Macro employees be familiar with the procedure in order to double check that the area is safe and to reduce the possibility of something being overlooked. VIII-87


Pre-job Meeting The pre-job meeting, for any dyke entry shall review any hazards, work procedures, environmental concerns, and safety practices associated with the job. Specific details of the meeting contents will vary depending upon the exact nature of the job, but may include the following:

1. Natural hazards (high ground water, loose soil, etc). 2. Special conditions of permission or licenses. 3. Contents of tank within dyke – review MSDS. 4. Proper equipment. 5. Atmospheric sampling and evacuation – no worker shall remain in an area if LEL is

greater than 10%, O2 is less than 19.5%, or H2S is greater than 10ppm. 6. Reporting hierarchy. 7. Emergency response plan. 8. Procedures to be performed and the effects of different jobs on each other in the space.

The pre-job meeting will be recorded on the Toolbox Safety Meeting Report or the Safety Meeting Report. Barricades and Signs Barricades and signs will be erected wherever required by law, OH&S, or client regulations. In addition, they will be erected wherever the field supervisor perceives a risk to workers or equipment if the dyke were not barricaded or flagged. Task Procedures

1. If possible, ensure all liquids have been removed to a safe place of disposal. 2. Check dyke for contaminants and low oxygen content (greater than 19.5%).

a. H2S b. Other toxic chemicals c. Explosive or flammable mixtures


access for rescue if required. Enclosed Space Rescue A rescue plan must be developed prior to entry, and an alarm system in place.

NOTE: Personnel must never attempt a rescue until they are fully equipped and they have raised the alarm. 50% of all confined space entry fatalities are would-be rescuers who failed to put on their breathing apparatus and other required equipment. Protective Equipment and Practices

1. An enclosed space rescue situation demands the maximum PPE required for the job. Normally this will include SCBA/SABA apparatus, safety harness, and a tether for retrieval of the rescue personnel.

VIII-88


2. The participants and witnesses will record the rescue details on the Accident Report Long Form.

3. Some situation may require the involvement of rescue specialists. Macro personnel shall not attempt a rescue if the supervisor deems this to be the case.

Pre-job Meeting Most rescue situations will require immediate action, and a pre-job meeting may not be possible or reasonable. In cases where complex rescue operations must be undertaken which require extensive coordination, a pre-job meeting shall be held. This meeting will discuss the condition of the trapped worker, hazards to rescuers, and rescue procedures. The pre-job meeting will be recorded on the Toolbox Safety Meeting Report or the Safety Meeting Report. Barricades and Signs Barricades and signs will be erected and left in place pending investigation of the accident. Task Procedures Rescue procedures will vary immensely due to emergency conditions, and will be established by the site supervisor as required. The target safety standards for a rescue operation shall be governed by the appropriate procedure from this manual. 7. RIGGING AND CRANES Operators

1. All operators of cranes will be indentured or will hold a journeyman Crane and Hoist certificate.

2. The operator of a crane shall: a. Be familiar with the equipment and its proper care b. Perform daily safety inspections and maintain a daily log book c. Ensure all controls are working properly before commencing work d. Be responsible for operations directly under his control e. Know that the weight of the load to be lifted is within the capacity of the machine f. Have a designated signalman/rigger and follow his signals only g. Not leave his position at the controls while a load is suspended h. Shall wear safety glasses at all times i. Shall wear a hard hat at all times j. Be aware of wind and weather conditions

Proper Lifting Practices – Hoisting General

1. Chain slings will be of alloy chain and will NEVER be used to lift loads that exceed the working load limits. They will be stamped on each link with the letter A or number 8, which designates heat-treated alloy steel chain.

2. The hoist or crane must be directly over the load. 3. Slings must be of proper reach. Twisting or knotting will not shorten lines. Bolts and

nuts will not be used on chain slings. 4. Personnel are prohibited from riding the lifting hook or the load. VIII-89


5. All personnel are required to stand clear of the load being lifted. 6. Work must not be carried out beneath a suspended load unless the load is properly

supported. 7. Loads must not be left suspended when the hoist or crane is unattended. 8. All slings must be inspected thoroughly at specified intervals and be maintained in good

condition. 9. Each chain or sling must be inspected for cuts, nicks, bent links, bent hooks, etc., before

each use. If there is any doubt, the equipment must not be used. 10. Safety latches on hooks must be maintained in good working condition. 11. Signalers must be properly identified and must understand the techniques of proper

signaling. 12. Tag lines must be used to control the load.

Evaluating the Load Determine the weight of the object or load prior to a lift to make sure that the lifting equipment can operate within its capabilities. Balance Loads Estimate the center of gravity or point of balance. The lifting device should be positioned immediately above the estimated center of gravity. Landing the Load Prepare a place to land the load, lower the load gently and make sure it is stable before slackening the sling or chain. Rigging

1. One member of the crew must act as the signalman and the equipment operator must recognize signals from that person only. The signalman must be careful not to order a move until he has received the “all ready” signal from each member of the crew.

2. Each rigger must stand clear of the load before giving the “all ready” to the signal-man. After the sling or choker has been positioned, it must be released if possible before the “all ready” signal is given.

3. If the sling or choker must be held in position, all hands must remain clear of pinch points.

4. All personnel must remain clear of the anticipated roll or swing area. 5. Personnel must remain clear of areas between the load swing and any stationary object,

material and equipment. 6. Personnel must not be under the load or boom. 7. The landing area for the load should be cleared of personnel and any materials such as

unnecessary blocks that might fly up if struck by the load. 8. Loads must be set slowly on the landing area to ensure that any swing or roll during

setting can be controlled. 9. Distinctive vests, armlets and any other equipment necessary must identify designated

signalmen. 10. Tag lines must be used to control loads. VIII-90


8. LADDERS

1. Ladders must be inspected thoroughly before use and any defective ladders should be discarded.

2. The bases of portable ladders should be set out at a safe distance from the vertical: about one-fourth the ladders’ height. Ladders used should be long enough to extend at least one meter above the top platform, or ground level.

3. Ladders should be set on firm, level surfaces when used. 4. The top of the ladder must be tied off to prevent movement. 5. Ladders should be positioned close enough to the work, if working off the ladder, so the

worker need not reach too far. 6. Stepladders must be opened all the way to lock the spreader. 7. Personnel must not work from the top two rungs; a ladder of proper length should be used

instead. 8. Placing on makeshift cribbing must not lengthen ladder reach. 9. Signs and barricades must be posted before setting a ladder behind doors or in

passageways. 9. SCAFFOLDS All scaffolds or platforms used for installation and maintenance or removal of machinery and equipment shall be constructed, maintained and used in compliance with the applicable Provincial Occupational Health and Safety Regulations. Prior to erection, the project supervisor shall ensure that the access scaffolding has been designed to:

1. Safely support the maximum allowance load. 2. Provide a platform of sufficient size, at the correct height. 3. Allow for seasonal weather effects. 4. Locking devices should be in good working order. 5. Wood mudsills minimum size should be 51mm x 254mm or equivalent. 6. Wood planks must be checked for straightness, shakes, checks, splits, unsound knots or

knots in groups. 7. All planks must be tested for strength prior to use. 8. All scaffolds shall be required to pass an inspection prior to use.

10. VEHICLES AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT All vehicles on the work site must have the proper insurance, must be in safe operating condition, and must meet any special requirements. All vehicles will be operated by competent, suitably licensed operator, and in a safe manner. Workers must not ride on the outside of any vehicle. All mobile welding rigs must be equipped with an approved fire extinguisher and all welders and welder helpers must be competent in the use of such extinguishers. Any vehicle with restricted vision will not move in the vicinity of other workers except under the direction of a designated worker; this person must be in a position to see of the path to be traveled is “all


clear”. Back-up alarms will be installed and used in accordance with the applicable legislated standards.

Tracked Mobile Equipment A competent person must only operate tracking vehicles. Equipment, enclosures, or other additions, which block the operator’s view, will not be added. Enclosures will be fitted in such a way as to prevent a person from entering between the enclosure and the tracks. Seat belts will be worn in vehicles with roll-over protection. Back-up alarms are mandatory on all track-vehicles. Vehicles will travel no faster than a walking pace (6 km/h) when in the vicinity of other workers. Vehicles

1. All vehicles must be operated at all times in a reasonable and safe manner. 2. All welding rigs must be equipped with a 30 lb. Low temperature, dry chemical fire

extinguisher. All vehicle operators must know how and when to use such fire extinguishers.

3. Operators must comply with all posted speed limits. 4. First Aid kits and extinguishers are to be installed in all operated vehicles. 5. No one will be allowed to ride on the back or tail gates of trucks. Passengers must use the cab. 6. Vehicles and equipment are not to stray from the work site or right-of-way. 7. No riders are permitted on equipment. 8. Unless authorized, no one is to operate Macro equipment.

11. LOCKOUT AND TAG OUT In many instances, workers may have to perform work on electrically or mechanically powered equipment. Before performing any work, the power source must be isolated. Electrical lockout requires the power source be shut off at the breaker panel and locked with a padlock, then tagged. Mechanical lockout may require such means as closing a valve, chain ins, and locking the valve handle, then tagging. The person performing the work shall place his or her own lock on the power source and carry the key. He or she is to remove the lock when finished the work. The information on the tag must include:

1. Danger Do Not Operate 2. The date the tag was installed 3. The worker’s printed name and signature

Macro will supply locks when required. Also, supervisors will ensure that all workers are aware of any lockout procedures the client may have in place. 12. CHEMICALS

1. Only approved chemicals or cleaning agents shall be used at the work site. Material Safety Data Sheets must be available and the safety precautions and hazard information be known by all personnel using or being exposed to that particular chemical.


2. It is compulsory to wear the necessary protective equipment when handling chemicals. 3. Everyone handling chemicals must know the location of eye wash facilities and shower

areas. 4. Employees must receive training for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

(WHMIS)

13. BORING AND DRILLING Excavation

1. Prior to commencing boring operations, a toolbox safety meeting shall be held, then ensure all permits have been secured from local governmental agencies.

2. All underground cables and pipelines shall be located accurately prior to commencing boring or punching operations.

3. Bore pit will be secured and adequately sloped or shored with approved trench support systems, in accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act, ensuring protection to both workers and public.

4. When any trench support system is used, approved documentation including and installation/removal procedures will be available on site.

5. Proper egress such as a ladder and/or ramp shall be installed in bore pit. 6. If entry into pipe or casing is required, check Provincial regulation regarding confined

space. 7. Proper barriers or fencing shall be installed to protect workers and the general public.

Operation

1. It is imperative that appropriate clothing and personal protective equipment be worn. Long hair and loose clothing creates an extremely dangerous situation around rotating augers.

2. Operating characteristics and requirements of the type of boring machine used should be made known and practiced by all workers.

3. Workers must always be aware that they stand in a location that is clear in the event the machine flips or augers twist off.

4. When back reaming and pulling a cable through the borehole, swivels will be used to connect rotating drill rod head with cable.

5. If blasting of solid material is required, only qualified personnel shall perform blasting operations.

6. No workers shall enter receiving side bell hole while machine is operating. 14. PILE DRIVING (HYDRAULIC) The following items shall have been done prior to driving piles.

1. Tailgate meeting to discuss safe zones. Safe zone will be established by adding three meters to the length of the pile.

2. Ensure pile driver is free of any defects, cracks, etc. 3. Safety cables to be checked for wear. 4. Entire length of the probe on vibrator head placed inside the pile. VIII-93


5. Safety cable/sling choked to pile as far as possible from the vibrator head. 6. One person only in safe zone for leveling purposes.

15. PIPELINE EXCAVATION Excavation Procedure for Exposing Pipeline more than 1.5 Meters Deep

1. By electronic or other depth location devices determine the location, alignment, and approximate depth of cover of the pipeline to be exposed. A minimum of three readings spaced a minimum of 3m apart shall be taken and the alignment marked.

2. Add 25 cm to the maximum depth recorded. This sum is labeled C on Figures 1 and 2. 3. By hand digging a trench of length 2C to a depth not exceeding 1.5m at right angles to the alignment marked in step 1. 4. If no pipeline is found excavate by mechanical means to a depth of 0.5m less than the

trench depth a square of side 2C centered on the hand-excavated trench, as shown in Figure 1.

5. Decrease the dimension C by the depth of the mechanical excavation. 6. Repeat the procedure from step 3 using a new value for C each time until the pipeline is

found. 7. If the pipeline is very deep check the alignment and depth after the second mechanical

excavation and adjust C if necessary. VIII-94


The procedure is based on the assumption that an electronic location device gives a reasonably accurate alignment and depth of the pipeline to be exposed. The addition of 25 cm to the indicated depth is intended as a precautionary measure to accommodate inaccuracies in depth and alignment.

VIII-95


16. CHAIN SAW

1. Mandatory chain saw safety devices: a. Chain brake b. Trigger lock c. Chain catcher d. Hand guard

2. Ensure all saw parts are functional, free of dirt and secure. 3. Ensure fuel is mixed properly and No Smoking is allowed in fueling area. Caution when

fueling saws. 4. Ensure only ground starts and approved holding saw starts are used (no drop starting). 5. Kickback is when the blade takes too big of a bite at the end of the blade. Always ensure

a firm grip is maintained and know where the blade is at all times. 6. Always carry saw with the bar to the rear and ensure the saw is shut off. 7. Always plan your cut and secure the area of the fall. 8. Ensure a safe work area and establish your escape route. 9. Never cut above shoulder height. 10. Rules for falling:

a. Use wedges where applicable b. Ensure tree has two hang-ups c. Check falling area d. Plan escape route e. Use proper falling cuts and wedges

11. Chain maintenance is very important for safe production and should be as per manufacturer’s specifications.

Chain Saw Operators

1. Only competent employees shall operate chain saws. 2. Only CSA approved hard hats will be used. 3. Only approved hearing protection with a 90-decibel capacity shall be used. 4. Only approved full-face guards or safety screens shall be used. 5. Only approved 11-ply ballistic leg protection shall be used. 6. All operators shall carry #4 First Aid Kits and one pressure dressing. 7. Each crew shall have a minimum of a #2 Alberta First Aid Kit fully equipped at all times. 8. All chain saw operators and helpers shall wear reflective vests at all times while in field

operations.

17. HYDRO VAC Hydro-Trenching Procedures

1. Discuss size and depth of trench with client. 2. Make sure electronic locates have been completed and you understand the meaning of the

various stakes. 3. When slot trenching, be sure to make a perpendicular trench at least every 15 meters from

the proposed alignment. The trench perpendicular to the proposed alignment should be at


least the width of the area to be excavated later by conventional excavation equipment.

4. If a line is exposed in the perpendicular slot trench, be sure to find the elbow so that you know the alignment before proceeding on the main line.

5. When a line is exposed, be sure to excavate 0.6 meters deeper at the crossing. 6. Record the size, type, and depth of any line crossed by the trench. 7. Be sure to brief the site supervisor before leaving the site. 8. Barricade and post warning signs along the trench.

Open Excavation Procedures

1. Discuss size and depth of area to be excavated with client. 2. Make sure electronic locates have been completed and you understand the meaning of the

various stakes. 3. Use a brush box to begin the hole in order to confine the debris spraying on surface

facilities. 4. Excavations deeper than 1.3 meters in BC, or 1.4 meters in Alberta must be cut back or

sloped to eliminate the possibility of a cave-in. 5. For deep excavation, the operator of the wand must use a safety harness, which must be

attached to the hydro-excavator. 6. When working in unstable soil conditions, be sure to position the hydro-excavator so that

it cannot slide into an open excavation. 7. Barricade and post warning signs around excavations before leaving.

Day Lighting/Exposing Procedures

1. Confirm with the client the type of utility you are about to daylight and the depth of the proposed line to be constructed.

2. Make sure electronic locates have been completed and you understand the alignment. 3. Use a brush box to begin the hole in order to confine the debris spraying on surface

facilities. 4. Reduce the water pressure to a maximum of 2000psi when you get close to the utility. 5. Be careful not to hit the utility directly with the wand. 6. Be sure to excavate 0.6 meters deeper than the utility you have just exposed to ensure the

lines are not stacked. 7. Once the utility is exposed, make a slot trench 1 meter perpendicular in both directions

from the utility. 8. Contact with the pipe or its coating must be reported to the owner of the line affected. 9. Once the daylight is completed, record the line type, size, and depth. 10. Barricade and post warning signs around hole. 11. Be sure to brief the site supervisor before leaving the site.

VIII-97


18. HEAVY EQUIPMENT HAULERS Steps:

1. Upon approaching the truck and/or trailer, visually inspect the units for vandalism, oil leaks, and low tires.

2. Check oil and coolant levels. 3. Enter the cab and start the unit. 4. Turn on the lights, check the gauges and climb out of the unit and check the exterior

lights and for air leaks. 5. Climb back into the cab and check the brakes air pressure and test the brake operation. 6. When pulling a trailer, check the airline connection, electrical connection, lights and

brake operation prior to leaving the yard or job site. 7. Upon returning to the yard, fuel the truck, check the oil, and note any mechanical work

required on either unit. Hand the noted repair work needed over to the supervisor. 8. When arriving on a site, with the tractor unit only, to move a pin load, make sure the unit

being moved is equipped with proper brakes, lights, and tires are properly inflated and in good condition.

9. When hauling a load on a highboy or lowboy, make sure the item being hauled is clean of any rocks, dirt, loose pieces of material and is properly tied down.

Note: Any loads extending beyond the rear of the trailer should be properly flagged Registration and Permits All trucks are to carry proper registration, pink card for insurance, yearly renewal permits for goods hauled, log book for the driver, and either the special haul permit for overweight, over-dimensional loads. 19. WORK IN PROCESS PLANT AND OTHER LIVE FACILITIES • In and around gas plants, refineries, or other types of industry, many other types of safety concerns accompany general construction safety. The following topics can and will be an aid to construction crew who are not familiar with these conditions. Learning how to handle each condition is a must in avoiding any incidents. Emergency Conditions It is the Client’s responsibility to ensure a contingency plan is prepared and the procedure explained to Macro workers. Where potentially hazardous conditions are present, all construction crews must know the alarm system, designated meeting points, and other pertinent information. In the event of an emergency such as oil spill, gas release or fire, all Hot Work must be stopped immediately. Macro workers must safely shutdown all work, evacuate the work site immediately and move upwind of oil spill, gas release or fire. Permit System Work permits allow the workers to do a particular task in a particular area. It is very important that workers stay within the limits of the work permit since the issuer of the permit may test and


inspect only the area indicated on the permit and any deviation from the instructions could prove disastrous. Work permits should be returned to the issuer at the end of the shift. Certain conditions may require the permit to be renewed this could be after an emergency condition or other reason. Hot Work Hot work entails any work that could or does create a spark, flame or other hazardous condition in an area that has the potential for fire and explosions. Other tasks such as confined space entry, may also require a Hot Work Permit. Prior to being issued a Hot Work Permit, the issuer will have conducted tests and inspected the area where the job will take place. It is extremely important that the receiver of the Hot Work Permit understands fully the safety precautions listed and any other special requirements that are expressed on the permit. Hot work will require continuous or intermittent monitoring by a qualified person. It will depend on the hazards that may be encountered. Monitoring for gases or other hazards must be completed as stated on the permit. This may involve re-testing after the coffee or lunch breaks, as well as other periods. The whole volume of the work area is to be tested. It cannot be over-emphasized that all work must stop immediately when there is any doubt that the area is safe. If gas is suspected, it is better to take the extra time to re-test the area than to proceed and produce serious consequences. Detection Equipment Detection equipment must be properly maintained and calibrated on a regular basis. Flammable Gas Detectors There are many types of flammable gas detectors, but their purpose is the same, in that they indicate the percentage of flammable gas present. Personnel using these instruments must be trained to be able to analyze the readings. When using flammable gas detectors, attention must NEVER be diverted from the level indicator needle. In areas rich incombustibles, the needle will first rise-sharply then fall back around the zero area. If this was not noticed, you may have a false sense of security and the results could be hazardous. Molecular Oxygen Analyzers Molecular oxygen analyzers are used to provide personnel with an accurate reading of the oxygen content in the air. The amount of oxygen in the air is normally 20.9%, with the remainder being mostly nitrogen. It is extremely important that calibration be carried out prior to any entry into confined spaces for testing. Personnel must be trained in their proper use. Hydrogen Sulphide Detectors H2S detectors come in various models, but again the person using them must be fully trained. One of the most common types is the hand operated “Draeger Bellow” pump. The pump sucks in vapors as the bellows are operated and H2S is indicated by the discoloration on the attached detector tube. The amount is apparent to the trained eye. H2S is measure in PPM. Other types of H2S detectors include: VIII-99


1. Gastec Model 2. Continuous Monitors (powered to give alarm) 3. Personal Monitors (battery operated)

Testing for Chemicals It is common to find many types of chemicals in industry. Qualified personnel must do testing for these chemicals. When personnel must work in close contact with chemicals or areas that contain chemicals, they must find out from proper authorities the safety precautions required.

Explosive and Flammable Gases The explosive or flammable limits include all concentrations of a mixture of flammable vapor or gas in air, usually expressed in percentage of volume, in which a flash will occur or a flame will travel if the mixture is ignited. The lowest percentage at which this occurs is the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), and the highest percentage, the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). Below the LEL or above the UEL the mixtures will be too lean or too rich to ignite. In confined spaces it is important to remember that sludge that contains flammable gases, may give off a minimum reading, but when it is disturbed, a higher concentration may be released.

Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) H2S is one of the most deadly occupational hazards. It is also known as sour gas, and sulphurated hydrogen. It is found in many areas including: - Oil and gas plants - Oil and gas wells - Battery stations - Refineries - Pulp mills - Pipelines - Sewers - Tank cars - Tank trucks Properties of H2S Color ……………………. Colorless Odor …………………….. Very offensive, commonly referred to as the odor of rotten eggs Vapor density ……………. 1.189 (air=1.0) H2S is heavier than air Explosive limits ………….. 4.3-46.0 percent by volume in air Auto ignition temperature .. 260 degrees Celsius Flammability ……………. Forms explosive mixture with air or oxygen Water solubility …………. 2.9 (2.9g/100ml water @ 20 degrees Celsius) Effects of H2S PPM = parts per million

1-PPM …………… Can be smelled. 10-PPM ………….. Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) allowable for 8 hrs of exposure. 20-PPM ………….. Ceiling of OEL. Workers must wear appropriate breathing apparatus. VIII-100


100-PPM ………… Sense of smell lost in 2-15 minutes. May burn throat, cause headache or nausea. 200-PPM ………... Sense of smell lost rapidly. Burns eyes and throat. 500-PPM ………... Loss of reasoning and balance. Respiratory disturbance in 2-15 minutes. Prompt resuscitation needed. 700-PPM ………….. Immediate unconsciousness. Causes seizures, loss of control of bladder and bowel. Breathing will stop and death results if not rescued promptly. 1000-PPM ………… Immediate unconsciousness. Death or permanent brain damage if not rescued promptly.

Detection of H2S H2S can be detected at concentrations less than 1-PPM by its odor. Above 100-PPM, the sense of smell is quickly lost and personnel can be misled to believe that a threat to health does not exist. Protection from H2S When testing for H2S, it is compulsory to wear the appropriate type of breathing apparatus. This apparatus can be the self-contained type or remote supplied air apparatus. The employer must ensure it is available to workers and that it:

1. Is the type that will maintain positive pressure in the face piece. 2. Has a capacity for at least 30 minutes. 3. Provides full-face protection. 4. In the case of remote supplied air apparatus, is fitted with an auxiliary supply of reparable

air of sufficient quantity to enable the worker to escape from the area in an emergency. 5. In the case of self-contained breathing apparatus, is filled with an alarm warning.

Precautions to Avoid H2S Poisoning

1. Know how to use the breathing apparatus 2. Know how to use the detection equipment 3. Know where H2S may be present 4. Do not rely on sense of smell to detect H2S 5. Use common sense

Rescue and First Aid The prompt and efficient rescue of a victim of H2S poisoning will involve the following steps:

1. Before attempting to rescue a victim sound alarm, get help, put on breathing apparatus. Make sure that there is sufficient air in the tank for 30 minutes.

2. Remove the victim to fresh air immediately. 3. If the victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration. 4. If respiration is slow, labored or impaired, breathing should be assisted by the

administration of oxygen. 5. Get the victim to medical help as soon as possible. 6. If the victim vomits, place him/her in the recovery position and monitor closely.


7. Obtain training regularly in First Aid, CPR and the use of protective equipment.

20. EXCAVATING AND TRENCHING No person shall enter any trench or excavation until the walls have been adequately cut back or temporary structures have been installed unless the trench or excavation is shallower than the legal minimums stated below and the soil is stable. • Determine if easement will allow for cutbacks. • Determine if shoring or cages are necessary. • Determine if any overhead or underground lines can be shutdown or rerouted. • Determine where the water table is. • Determine if the area has been disturbed before. • Determine tie-in and entry points, slope side and end walls to a safe angle. Minimum is 45

degrees vertical. • Provide ladders and or walkways in immediate area for access/egress. • Keep equipment back a minimum of 3 feet from the edge of any trench. • Spoil pile must be a minimum of 3 feet from the edge of the trench. • Proper protection must be provided if workers are to enter a ditch more than 4 feet in depth (5

feet in AB) or they must be properly sloped. Job Procedure

1. Foreman to check drawings for foreign line crossings. 2. Line crossing agreements to be in place, “As Built” to be completed for all foreign line

crossings, if required. 3. Before machine excavation begins all foreign lines are to be hand excavated and or

hydrovaced, WHMIS tagged. Open excavations are to be snow-fenced. 4. Utility owners are to be notified that their lines are being located. Owner representative

to be on site where possible. 5. Lines are to be ramped on the work side, before equipment can cross over them. 6. Power-line markers are to be in place, before hoes can begin work. Signalman required

to be present when working under the power-lines. Signalman to have air-horn to signal operator if he is too close to the power-line.

7. Center line or offset for ditch is to be marked prior to ditch beginning work. 8. Pipe and skids are to be out of the ditch area, pipe is to be cradled over if required. 9. Equipment is to be checked prior to beginning work. 10. Foreman is to discuss ditch depth with operators prior to beginning ditching operations. 11. Ditcher operator is to maintain proper separation between the clay and topsoil. 12. As the ditcher approaches a hotline he shall stop the ditch 50 meters before the hotline

and resume ditching 50 meters after the hotline. Swamper is to be present. 13. Hoes digging hotlines are not to mechanically excavate the lines closer than 60 cm (OHS)

or as determined by the client representative. 14. Hoes digging bell-holes are to slope the ditch 20 meters from center of tie-in point. Ditch

slope is to be 30 degrees from the vertical in stable soil and 45 degrees from the vertical in unstable soil.

15. Walkways and/or ladders are to be installed at all points of entry into the ditch.


16. Equipment digging on steep slopes is to be anchored. Refer to steep slope procedure.) 17. Winter conditions – equipment is to be corked. 18. Open excavations at roadways are to be snow-fenced and flashing lights installed as

needed. Roadway Warning Signs Highway traffic signs and pipeline warning signs shall be in place prior to crossing any highways or roadways. Tires are to be used to protect the surface of the highway when crossing equipment. When the tires are not in use they shall be kept a minimum of one meter away from the surface of the highway. Flag people will be utilized to stop or control traffic. Flag persons shall wear appropriate vest and have appropriate hand signs. Traffic controllers are to stand far enough away so that they do not blend in with the crew. Traffic is to be stopped until the workers have finished cleaning the surface of the highway. On two-lane highways, traffic flow is to be narrowed down to one lane. Signs indicating that traffic is being narrowed to one lane shall be in place. Cones shall be placed on the highway to indicate which way the traffic is being directed. All highway signs shall be taken down when not in use. Tailgate Meeting

1. Prior to beginning daily work 2. Address hazards 3. Address any concerns 4. Power-line permit to be obtained if required 5. Discuss power-line clearances

21. TIE-INS

1. Prior to making the tie-in welds, the pipe must adequately be blocked to prevent movement.

2. The ditch must be adequately sloped, employees entering ditches must be satisfied that it is safe to do so.

3. There must be adequate ventilation of the area. 4. A ladder and or walkway must be provided for access and egress from the ditch. 5. Equipment should be kept back from the ditch slope, such as propane bottles. 6. The space of the bell-hole should be large enough for the workers to move in. 7. Support equipment should not be thrown into the ditch, it should be carried or lowered in. 8. Pickups and welding rigs should be parked a minimum of four feet from the edge of the

ditch. Job Procedure

1. Foreman is to assess the site when he arrives at the tie-in location, i.e. access, slope, hazards around tie-in, which could fall into the ditch.

2. The front tractor is to place the stationary end of the pipe on skids and if necessary skids are placed alongside the pipe to space it away from the bank.

3. Pipe is to be secured with the use of slings; everyone is to stand clear. 4. The pipe is to be lifted and marked as to where the cut is to be made. VIII-103


5. The yellow jacket is to be stripped off the pipe. 6. Cutting band and torch is to be positioned in the right locations for the cut. 7. A second tractor is to hold the pup (excess pipe) while the pipe is being cut. 8. A sling will be installed at the center of the pup using a choker hitch. 9. Welder will then proceed to make the cut. 10. Upon completion of the cut, the pup is lifted out of the ditch and placed on skids on the

work-side of the ROW. 11. The face and bevel of the pipe is then ground to the proper specifications for a proper

weld. 12. Pipe is to be preheated to the proper temperature before beginning the tie-in weld. 13. The pipe is to be place in the line up clamps and spaced properly. 14. Pipe is not to be lowered until the welder has completed the proper amount of passes on

the pipe. 15. Pipe should be skidded up so that the x-ray crew has adequate room for their camera. 16. Once the x-ray crew has passed the weld, the sleeve is to be shrunk over the weld. The

skids should be removed and the pipe lowered. Tailgate Meeting

1. Prior to starting daily work 4. Sideboom to be inspected, operator to log in 2. Address hazards 5. Nomex to be worn when doing tie-ins near hotlines 3. Address any concerns 6. Work procedure to be followed

22. STRINGING Tailgate Meeting

1. Prior to starting daily work. 2. Address hazards. 3. Address any concerns. 4. Proper work procedures to be

followed. Conditions to be Determined

1. Frost on yellow jacket. 2. Rolling country. 3. Side slopes on right-of-way. 4. Steep grades. 5. Mud conditions. 6. Ice-snow conditions.

Hazards to be Determined 1. Pipe sliding backwards or forwards. 2. Locations of sideboom. 3. Positioning of sidebooms. 4. Workers positioning during

movement of highboy/sideboom. Equipment to be Utilized

1. Type of tractor/trailer combination. 2. Tow tractor. 3. Safety nets front or back of load. 4. Athey wagon. 5. Cement between tiers of pipe. 6. Taglines. 7. Ladders.

Job Procedures 1. Tag lines shall be of sufficient length to enable workers to stand clear while guiding the

pipe. 2. All slings, cables, hooks shall be inspected daily and shall be repaired or replaced if

found defective. VIII-104


3. When hauling pipe, the load shall be properly secured with a tie-down strap every 3 meters.

4. Pipe shall not be picked up or lowered while any worker is between the sideboom and the pipe truck.

5. Workers are to stand clear when loads are being lowered or lifted. The operator shall not lift or lower loads until the workers are clear of the area.

6. Pipe shall not be carried or swung over workers. 7. Pipe loads are to remain tied down until they have been checked and accepted by a Macro

representative. 8. Loads to be checked for missing pins, any missing pins shall be installed prior to

removing any tie-down straps. 9. Pipe strung by the hoisting method, shall be done by using taglines. 10. In terrain where loads may shift, the pipe must be tied down and moved to an acceptable

location and back strung. Stringing-Hoisting Method

1. Sideboom is to be checked prior to beginning stringing operations. Condition of boom will be written into the lob book. Any necessary repairs that affect the safety of personnel shall be done immediately.

2. Pipe trucks to be parked on level ground and the tarps are to be removed. 3. Driver to be notified of the proper use of personal protective equipment. 4. Load is to be checked to ensure it is secure prior to removing tie-down straps. 5. Pins are to be in place, bottom tier is not to be out of alignment. 6. Stringing books are to be checked for cracks or defects. Proper sized hooks are to be used. 7. Workers should proceed to connect pipe hooks in the ends of the same pipe. Front hook

shall be installed first. 8. Ladder is to be used by the person hooking the pipe on the back of the load. Truck

movement is to be directed by this worker, signals are not to come from any other workers. 9. Pipe is to be picked up and lowered onto skids. 10. Taglines are to be used to guide the pipe. Excessive force should not be used to direct the

pipe, as this may dislodge the hooks from the ends of the pipe. 11. Pipe is to be butted up and offset to allow room for buffing of the ends. 12. Pipe will be chalked to prevent it from rolling off the skids. 13. Workers are not to walk directly in front of the pipe truck when traveling downhill or

behind the load when traveling uphill. Stringing – Chute Method

1. Load is to be parked on firm level ground. 2. Tarps are to be removed. 3. Load shall be inspected to ensure pins are in place. 4. Tie-down straps are not to be removed, as the load pins will have to be replaced with

padded pins. 5. Pins are to be removed one at a time and replaced with padded pins. 6. Padded pins are required only on the driver side of the load. 7. Front cradle is to be installed approximately 3 meters back from the front of the pipe.


8. Wheels and chute are to be installed 3 meters back from the center of the pipe. 9. Shim should be placed behind the stringing wheels to keep the chute and wheels square

with the trailer. 10. Chain should be attached to the stringing chute and to the frame of the trailer. A boomer

is to be used to keep the chain tight. 11. Tires are to be placed over the pins to minimize jeeps on the pipe. 12. Joints of pipe should be rolled down against the pins to ensure pipe will roll past. 13. Skids are to be set before the first joint of pipe is slid into the stringing wheels. 14. Signalman is to be designated to control speed of the truck and to signal for any stops. 15. Truck is to proceed at a slow constant speed. 16. Worker rolling pipe onto the stringing wheels is to ensure workers are clear before rolling

pipe off the trailer. 17. When the pipe lands in the stringing chute, workers are to hold onto the end of the pipe

and lower it onto the skids. 18. Pipe should be chalked to keep it rolling off the skids. 19. On steep slopes pipe will be stockpiled in a flat suitable location. 20. Straps are to be installed when traveling up or down steep slopes safety nets will be

installed if conditions required the use of them. 21. All workers are to be off the truck when traveling on steep slopes.

23. RIGHT- OF- WAY Daily Tailgate Meeting To be held prior to starting daily work. This meeting must address the daily work plan and nay-new concerns i.e. entering an area with foreign line crossing or overhead power-lines. Access to Right-Of-Way Only those roads designated shall be used to access the ROW. Hotlines Lines to be located and ramped prior to any equipment crossing over them. Line crossing agreements to be in place. Owner is to be notified that line is being located. Sharp metal probes, picks or any other sharp tools hall not be used to locate live lines. Where contact is made, the incident shall be reported, any damage to exposed pipeline wrappings shall be repaired prior to backfilling the facility. Exposed lines shall be flagged off or snow-fenced. Burning of Brush Permits as required to be in place. (Forestry to be contacted) Crews burning brush on the right-of-way must use extreme caution to prevent the possibility of sparks igniting a fire. Fire fighting equipment will be on site. Under no circumstance will brush be burnt during periods of high winds. The use of volatile liquids to light brush fires is prohibited. Fans should be turned so that they are blowing away from the machine when pushing fires. The stump pan should be inspected to ensure that it is clean. VIII-106


Power-saw Operators Chainsaw operating procedure to be reviewed at tailgate meeting. To wear the appropriate personal protective equipment. (Saw pants; blaze orange helmet, face-shield as well as hearing protection) ROW is to be checked for any leaning trees and felled prior to any other crews beginning work on the project. The saw operator shall check the area before falling any trees to ensure that all workers are clear of the area and that he has a safe route of escape. Power-lines At all power-line locations, “Danger Power-line” signs shall be installed before grading commences. These signs shall be placed in a position where they shall be seen by equipment traveling on the right-of-way. Overhead power-line markers shall be in place prior to any boomed equipment crossing under any power-lines. Equipment Operators are to ensure that backup alarms are operating and are audible to workers in the area. Swampers are to be kept in sight at all times. If the operator is unsure of his swamper’s position, he should stop to ensure that he is in a safe area. When approaching equipment, the operator is to be aware of your presence. You should make eye contact with the operator before approaching his machine. Equipment operators should maintain a watch on other equipment working in their vicinity. If a machine stops working for no apparent reason the operators of equipment in the area should check on the operator’s condition. The blade shall be lowered and the brakes locked when the equipment is not in sue. Tractors equipped with a winch shall have adequate protection from flying lines. Equipment is to STAY OFF paralleling hotlines. Two-tone areas are to be marked or flagged off. When equipment is placing rip-rap, workers are to stay out of the area. Do not walk alongside equipment on rip-rap when equipment is working on steep slopes that require an anchor cat. (Refer to Macro Steep Slope Procedure). 24. BENDING

1. Pipe will be numbered and centers marked before the bending crew begins bending. 2. Foreman to mark degrees of bends and where the bend will begin. 3. Bending machine is to be parked on firm, level ground. 4. Seam is to be set before picking up pipe. 5. All employees working in the vicinity of the bending operations shall be alert for

movement of pipe joints to and from the bending machine. 6. Hearing protection is to be worn when working in the vicinity of the bending machine. 7. Slings to be inspected daily. 8. When placing slings on the pipe, moisture must be removed from the pipe to reduce the

possibility of slippage of the sling. 9. Keep hand clear of bending shoes and all pinch points. 10. Taglines are to be used to control overhead suspended loads. 11. Do not ride on the pipe. 12. Maintain eye contact with the sideboom operator when working in and around moving

machinery. VIII-107


13. Winch line is to be attached to the end of the pipe to move the pipe through the bending machine. Winch line is to be used to control the distance the pipe will travel before pulling a bend.

14. Pipe is to be bent to required degree. 15. Pipe should be taken out of the bending machine and placed on skids. Pipe should be

placed as an over-bend or side-bend on the skids. Hold a Tailgate Meeting

1. All personnel on the crew must be present including the boom operator. 2. Discuss hazards that may be encountered. 3. Designate spotters. 4. Foreman to monitor conditions and ensure that procedures are being followed. 5. Obtain power-line permit if required.

Bending – Shoe

1. Tractor is to be positioned over the pipe where the bend is to be pulled. 2. Seam is to be aligned to the proper position. 3. Moisture should be removed from the pipe before wrapping the sling around the pipe.

Sling should be double wrapped around the pipe. 25. WELDING Welders and Welder’s Helpers

1. To wear car-hart flame retardant coveralls, no loose or baggy clothing is allowed. 2. Welders to wear hard hats when doing work other than welding. 3. Full face-shields to be worn when grinding or buffing as well as safety glasses. 4. Grinder guard and proper rated grinding discs are to be used at all times. 5. Welding area is to be kept free of flammable materials. 6. Welding rigs must be equipped with a 30lb (pound) extinguisher. Extinguishers must be

accessible 7. Oxy/Acetylene cylinders that do not have the WHMIS labels visible must have proper

labels visible on the outside of the vehicle. (TGD label 2.1 Flammable Gas, 2.2 Non-Flammable, and Nontoxic).

8. Welders shall check their equipment at frequent and regular intervals for defects, particularly for defective cables in wet areas.

9. Materials specified in the job procedure must be used. Oxy/Acetylene

1. Leaking, frayed or burnt hoses shall not be used. 2. Oxygen and acetylene bottles must be secured while being transported. 3. Cylinder caps must be in place when moving or storing bottles. 4. Cylinders are not to be taken into confined spaces, i.e. passenger compartment. 5. Do not use oil gauges or torches. 6. Gauges to be attached when checking to see if the cylinders are full DO NOT CRACK THE BOTTLES; flashback could occur if there is a source of ignition. 7. Flashback arrestors required on the bottle side of the hose assembly. VIII-108


Propane 1. All propane bottles to be equipped with regulators. 2. Hoses and regulators to be checked on a regular basis. 3. Proper strikers to be used when lighting torches. 4. Cylinders to be transported in a secure and upright position. 5. Bottles not to be damaged by placing other material on them.

Sideboom

1. Sideboom is to be inspected prior to beginning welding operations 2. Operator is to log in the condition of the sideboom 3. Any problems that could affect the safety of personnel should be corrected. 4. Power-line permit to be obtained if required 5. Signalman to be identified

Laborers 1. Lateral impact helmets will be worn while working in the vicinity of the sideboom 2. All workers should be aware of the movement of the sideboom 3. Keep hands clear of pinch points

Welding Procedures

1. Start joint is to be set up utilizing a crotch on the end the pipe it is going to be set in. 2. Crotches should be installed at regular intervals. It is the supervisors’ responsibility to

ensure they are left in place. 3. Repositioning of mainline, spacer will signify that the pipe is going to be repositioned by a

series of raps on the pipe. All welders are to stand clear until the pipe has been repositioned. 4. When setting in pipe, all workers are to keep their hands clear of pinch points. 5. Use of internal clamps. Clamps have reserve pressure in the holding tank. Inadvertently

pressing one of the control buttons could activate the clamps. 6. Personnel familiar with the clamps should be setting up and inserting the clamps into the

start joints. 7. Hands should be kept back when inserting the reach rod into the pipe. 8. Workers are to set up skids as soon as the pipe is positioned and the welder has started welding. 9. Personnel to be watching for the movement of the sideboom and the caliper man, as they

will start moving to the next joint as soon as the pipe is lowered. 10. When welding short pipe joints (pups), the internal clamps and the reach rod should be

slid back into the mainline to reduce the movement of the sideboom. 26. HIGHWAY CROSSING

1. Signs are to be set up prior to pipe gang arriving at highway crossings. 2. Flag people to be stationed on either side of the line crossing. 3. Positioning of flag people should be far enough away from the crew that they don not

blend in with the workers. 4. Tires are to be used when crossing equipment on hard surface highways. 5. Flag people are to keep traffic stopped until the surface of the highway has been cleaned.


6. Tires are to be placed one meter away from the edge of the highway once the equipment has crossed.

7. Signs should be taken down when crossing activities are finished. 27. EQUIPMENT- GETTING ON / OFF This is something that is often taken for granted but unfortunately a variety of injuries including broken legs, ankles and wrists have occurred when workers are getting on or off of the equipment.

1. Clean mud off boots before climbing onto a machine 2. Use grab rails and steps 3. Always face the machine when getting on or off 4. Maintain a three-point-contact at all times (2 hands and 1 foot, or 1 hand and 2 feet) 5. Do not jump from the machine or get off while it is in motion 6. Be extra cautious under wet or icy conditions

28. SLEEVE SHRINKING Tailgate Meeting

1. To be held prior to beginning work 2. Discuss hazards 3. Discuss concerns 4.

Job Procedure 1. Weld area and yellow jacket is to be cleaned approximately one foot on each side of the

area the sleeve is to be applied to. 2. Using file and wire brush, clean bare metal around weld joint, removing any surface rust

or weld spatter. 3. Weld joint is to be pre-heated to predetermined temperature. Proper temperature stick is

to be used. Pipe temperature is to be measured in four spots. Measurements should be taken 90 degrees apart around the circumference of the pipe.

4. Yellow jacket should be heated approximately one foot back of the weld joint. 5. Plastic liner and ribbon from the adhesive strip should be removed from the inside of the sleeve. 6. Wrap sleeve around the pipe, place end of sleeve that does not have the adhesive strip on

the pipe first. 7. Adhesive end of the sleeve should overlap; area that the sleeve overlaps should be heated

before placing adhesive strip down. Press down on the adhesive strip with a roller until the adhesive is secured.

8. Sleeve is to be shrunk, starting at the center of the sleeve. Torch is to be worked in both directions until the sleeve is shrunk to approximately 2 inches from the ends. Heating the sleeve from end to end should shrink remaining 2 inches. Tar should be squeezed out from under the sleeve, once the sleeve has been completely shrunk.

9. Weld area should be pressed using a bead roller; weld area should be pressed all the way around the pipe. VIII-110


10. Using the flat roller, roll the area where the yellow jacket ends under the sleeve to ensure proper adhesion of the sleeve to the bare metal of the pipe.

11. Garbage is to be picked up and all tools and equipment should be put away. Propane

1. All propane bottles are to have proper regulators attached to them 2. Hoses and regulators to be checked on a regular basis 3. Proper striker is to be used when lighting torches 4. Valves are to be closed when bottle is not being used 5. When transporting more than 5 cylinders, placards must be installed on the front and

back of the vehicle 29. SAND BLASTING All personnel involved in sandblasting activities shall be familiar with and comply with this procedure. Personal Protective Equipment Blasters:

1. CSA Approved sandblast helmet with supplied air

2. Coveralls (FRC if required) 3. Heavy gloves 4. Knee pads 5. Safety footwear 6. Hearing protection

Support Crew: 1. Safety glasses 2. Hard hats 3. Long sleeve shirts and pants

(FRC if required) 4. Disposable filtration mask 5. Safety footwear 6. Hearing protection

Blasting Equipment: 1. Air supply system for blaster shall conform to government legislation. 2. Blast hose connections shall be secured with wire and anti-whip cables. 3. Sand pot and compressor shall be firmly mounted to the deck of the vehicles. 4. Compressor, pot, hose and gauges shall be inspected on a daily basis. 5. Fire extinguisher readily located.

Precautions:

1. Personnel not associated with blasting operations shall not be permitted to enter blasting danger zone (30m).

2. Blasting shall not commence until all personnel and equipment is clear of blast area. 3. Driver shall remain in the cab of the vehicle when blasting on any sloped area. 4. Blast helper shall act as a safety watch during sandblasting operations. 5. Driver shall not proceed until given instruction from blaster.

30. PIPE COATING All personnel involved with pipe coating activities shall be familiar with and comply with this procedure. VIII-111


Personal Protective Equipment: Mixers: Applicators & Helpers

1. Heavy and/or chemical resistant gloves

2. Coveralls (FRC if required) 3. Face shield and safety glasses/goggles

4. Filter mask and/or respirator 5. Hard hat. 6. Safety footwear.

Coating Equipment:

1. Compressor hoses, hose connections and gauges shall be inspected daily 2. Electrical hand tools and cords to be checked daily 3. Fire extinguisher readily located 4. Eye wash station readily located 5. Work stations to be kept tidy and clear of tripping hazards 6. Product and personal protective equipment supplies to be stored neatly

Precautions: Due to vast selection of coating products, MSDS sheets to be kept on hand and reviewed prior to commencement of work. Over Spray: All personnel and vehicles not involved in process are to be cleared from immediate area to avoid over spray of product. Product Release: Drop sheets to be used when mixing and applying product in environmentally sensitive areas. Ventilation: If process occurs within the confines of a structure, sufficient ventilation is required. 31. ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURE All project personnel and visitors to project sites must understand and follow environmental procedures set for the project. Violations could have serious consequences to individual workers and the project as a whole since legislation is in place that allows for the prosecution of companies and individuals for failure to comply with environmental laws. Individuals who fail to comply with environmental laws will be held responsible for their actions and anyone demonstrating a disregard for environmental protection will be removed from the project site. The following guidelines are intended to provide education and a quick reference guide to Macro Industries’ general environmental requirements for construction projects. It is not a complete list of environmental requirements and does not replace or amend any project or contract documents or provincial or regulatory requirements. VIII-112


Conducting Clearing Activities

• Ensure that the boundaries of areas to be cleared are obvious and well marked prior to commencing any clearing activities. Never clear or operate any equipment beyond the approved boundaries.

• Do not clear or grub within the required buffer zone at watercourses and wetlands, unless otherwise directed by the client representative.

• Fell trees onto the right-of-way and away from watercourses and standing timber. • Minimize grubbing in wet areas, near watercourses or at the edges of wetlands if

applicable.

Handling and Conserving Soil

• Ensure that all soil handling requirements are clearly understood prior to commencement of project. The area to be stripped will vary depending on several safety, environmental and engineering factors.

• Strip topsoil in all areas to be graded or excavated. • Implement erosion control measures such as berms, silt fences as directed by client

representative and project supervisor. • Replace topsoil evenly over all stripped areas of the right-of-way and extra temporary

workspace. Working Near Watercourses and Wetlands

• Take care to avoid introducing any soil, construction materials or hazardous materials • Minimize the amount of clearing, grading or grubbing adjacent to watercourses and

wetlands. • Where clearing adjacent to a watercourse cannot be avoided, do not fell any timber into

the watercourse; review current plan to minimize disturbance. • If trees inadvertently fall into a watercourse, remove them immediately and in a way that

minimizes disturbance to the bed and banks. • Install only the approved type of equipment crossing structure at each watercourse

crossing. • Review and understand the site-specific environmental requirements before starting pipe

installation work at each crossing. • Follow the direction of the project supervisor or the client representative if special

erosion control measures, such as silt fencing, are required. • Restore wetlands to preconstruction contours and remove all temporary crossing

materials and fill, unless otherwise approved. VIII-113


Working on Farmland and Ranchland The concerns and requests of landowners must be respected.

• Stay on the ROW and approved extra workspace and use only approved access routes. • Clean equipment prior to use on the project to prevent the introduction of weeds. • Clean equipment after use in weed infested areas to prevent the spread of weeds. • Brace fences before cutting and install gates. Restore all fences to preconstruction

condition or better. • Do not disturb livestock and keep gates closed. • During clean-up, pick excess stones and dispose of stones at locations approved by the

landowner. • REPORT all landowner concerns to your supervisor.

Protecting Wildlife Do not feed, approach, disturb or harm wildlife.

• Follow posted speed signs along the ROW and access roads. • Leave your pets and firearms at home and remember that the recreational use of all-

terrain vehicles and snowmobiles is not permitted on project lands. • Report to your supervisor any collisions with wildlife, encounters with nuisance wildlife

or incidents where wildlife is at risk of injury. • Stay away from dens, nests and burrows. • Do not remove beavers or beaver dams without the appropriate approval. • Check for wildlife in or under stored pipe, soil stockpiles, equipment and vehicles before

moving them. • Inspect the trench for trapped animals especially before lowering-in or backfilling.

Protecting Heritage Resources Stop work immediately if any suspected heritage resources are uncovered.

• Do not disturb, remove or collect artifacts, fossils or bones – it is against the law. • Report all finds to your project supervisor and/ or an client representative. • Stay outside of the staked, flagged or fenced boundaries of known heritage resource sites.

Respecting Land Users and Local Residents Ensure your actions do not cause unnecessary impacts to traditional and recreational land users and show courtesy in local communities.

• Do not tamper with trapping equipment or cabins. • Post warning signs and implement other required special measures where the right-of-

way intersects recreational trails. VIII-114


• Respect speed limits on local roads and highways. • Abide by special conditions for access to private property, if applicable, as directed by

your supervisor. • Implement required dust control measures as directed by your project supervisor.

Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting It is the policy of our company to take all reasonable and practical measures to safe guard employees, maintain services to our customers and to prevent fire damage or loss to equipment and properties. Macro Industries Inc. will, as directed by management, assist in fire fighting activities in our project areas if requested by the local authorities. To implement this policy requires the cooperation and coordination of all employees and all levels of management. The supervisor in charge shall:

• correct fire hazards brought to their attention • receive all reports of fire and implement corrective actions • replace or recharge any fire fighting equipment, which has been used or appears to be

defective and put back into service immediately • arrange for inspections of all equipment and property under their control

All supervisors and workers must:

• know the location of fire-fighting equipment and understand how to use. • be aware of fire hazards. • suspend burning when the fire hazard is high and during periods of high wind. • fully extinguish and properly dispose of all hot or burning material, including cigarette

butts. • maintain the exhaust and engine systems of equipment in good working condition and

clean equipment of accumulations of dry grass or oily material. Handling Waste and Hazardous Materials Properly dispose of all waste and take measures to avoid spills of hazardous substances.

• All hazardous material stored on site must be contained, labeled, handled and used according to Transportation of Dangerous Goods and WHMIS regulations.

• Do not dump fuel, lubricating fluids, hydraulic fluids, antifreeze, methanol, herbicides or other chemicals on the ground or into any watercourse.

• Immediately contain, clean up and report all spills, even spot spills, to your project supervisor.

• Clean up all garbage and construction debris including lath, flagging and bevel shavings. Never dispose of garbage in the trench.

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• Transport and dispose of all potentially toxic materials such as spent oils, lubricants, filters, solvents, contaminated soil and other chemicals by a means of which has been approved prior to project.

Conducting Hydrostatic Testing Conduct testing in such a way that approved water withdrawal rates are not exceeded and dewatering does not cause erosion or damage vegetation.

• Obtain a permit before withdrawing water from any watercourse or wetland. Ensure that you understand and abide by all conditions of the permit.

• Do not discharge water directly into a watercourse or wetland unless otherwise approved by permit conditions and your project supervisor and client representative.

• Protect soils from erosion during test water discharge by dewatering over a well-vegetated area and/or using tarps, straw bales or other means to protect the ground if applicable.

• Monitor dewatering points for erosion and flooding. Permits are required for the withdrawal of water for any purpose!! Spill Kits and Reporting Requirement Macro Industries Inc. will ensure that:

• All workers have access to spill kits with soaker pads and oil absorbing materials. • Drip trays will be provided under leaking equipment and will promptly correct the

situation. • All equipment will be equipped with spill kits • Sufficient amount of sorbant will be on hand to clean-up small spills.

Any spills or releases on public roads are regulated under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations. Spills shall be immediately reported to the local police and other required authorities. All spills must be reported Macro Industries Inc. head office and the required authorities will be notified from there. Call (250) 785-0033. The spill will be controlled and immediately cleaned up. Note: see also Macro Industries Inc. Storage and Safe Handling of Fuel. Storage and Safe Handling of Fuel

• Store gas cans in CSA approved storage containers in a well-ventilated area that have been properly marked. Prior to storage or use, inspect the condition of the containers ensuring all lids are tightly in place. VIII-116


• Ensure NO Smoking, open flames or any source of ignition are allowed in areas where gas cans and other flammable fluids are stored.

• Clean spills up in accordance with the Macro Industries Inc. environmental plan and government regulations.

• Only use CSA approved slip tanks, which includes applicable labels/placards. • Prior to storage, inspect the slip tank for applicable labels, hose condition, applicable

documentation and a vented lid. Also ensure the tank is stored in a well-ventilated area. • Store oxygen and Acetylene bottles in an upright position with the valves completely

closed and cap in place. • Extinguish all sources of ignition, when fuelling a vehicle or gas storage container;

including vehicle ignitions • Ensure that the nozzle spout is fully inserted into filler tube • Monitor the fueling of vehicles and flammable fluid storage containers. DO NOT leave

the vehicle unattended while fueling. • DO NOT stick anything on handle to prevent manual shut off from occurring. • DO NOT kink the hose, throw the nozzle on the ground or misuse equipment. • When finished fuelling, replace the nozzle in the nozzle holder and ensure the hose is out

of the traffic lane. • Fill only ULC or CSA approved containers. • DO NOT fill leaking fuel tank. • Fire extinguisher on truck / machine. • Ensure that there is a spill kit on every fuel truck and all heavy equipment.

Emergency Procedure SPILL 1. Stop product flow 2. Eliminate all potential sources of ignition 3. Call the fire department if over 10 litres spilled 4. Have fire extinguisher ready 5. DO NOT sweep gasoline with a broom 6. Contain spill with absorbent material 7. Notify Supervisor immediately 8. Notify authorities as required 9. Place absorbent material in a container for proper disposal FIRE 1. Stop product flow 3. DO NOT remove nozzle from vehicle/machine 4. Extinguish small fires without personal risk 5. For fires involving compressed gases, DO NOT attempt to extinguish 6. Notify Supervisor immediately VIII-117


3322.. CCOOLLDD CCUUTT PPRROOCCEEDDUURREE The following will be used in conjunction with the client’s approved lock-out procedure specific to the project. Mud Plug Procedure

Piping should be supported before cuts are made Ground strap jumper installed

Completion of cutting the pipe Piping will be removed as required 3 way monitor will be used to assess the pipe for harmful gas SCBA will be used as required if a harmful gas has been detected File ends of piping to remove sharp edges Clean piping to allow for seal on pipe Styrofoam cookies can be used on large to minimize amount of mud required A ring of mud should be installed around inside of piping as far back as possible Insert Styrofoam Complete mudding to cover cookie Smaller pipe can be sealed with straight mud Vent behind mud plugs where applicable Freshen mud plugs as needed

Weld on Flange

Remove mud plugs if possible after welding Winter plugs should be made with water / glycol mix – plugs will not freeze piping

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PART 9: SPECIAL PROCEDURES LOCK OUT PROCEDURE Management will ensure that Work practices performed by employees or subcontractors shall be subject to lock-out practices that will ensure complete control of hazardous energy or material by immobilizing control devices in the “SAFE” position. Lock-out practices shall also prevent the inadvertent movement of mechanical machinery or equipment. When it is not practical to lock out equipment in certain conditions, special work procedures shall be in place prior to any work beginning. Lock-out Practices Locks will be used to ensure that devices, which control the flow of hazardous energy or material, remain in a safe position and cannot be inadvertently operated. Macro employees who are required to lock-out, will follow procedures set forth by the company or producer for whom they are working for. Employees or subcontractors of the above mentioned companies would assist in lock-out by following a company representative familiar with lock-out locations around applying locks to various locations. Keys from lock-out locks will then be put in one central location as required by any companies for whom Macro are working. Keys & Locks Macro has colored lockout locks (green). All locks are keyed individual with numbers on locks and keys along with sign out sheets. Master keys will be kept in main office in Fort St. John should emergency situations arise, management can be contacted and necessary steps taken to remove locks. Should locks be removed without proper approval or notification, an investigation will take place and incident reports filled out. PIPELINE PIGGING TERMINOLOGY Pig A pig is a device that travels inside of an operating pipeline. It may be used to clean the internal pipe surface, push liquids down the line, and distribute corrosion inhibitor. Pigs are available in a variety of disc diameters to suit the inside pipe diameter of the line to be pigged. They are also available in a number of styles and types to suit the purpose of the pig and the most extreme pipeline curvatures that it has to travel through. Most of the pigs used by pigging crews push to liquids downstream through the raw gas pipeline gathering system. These pigs have a double- ended construction consisting of two or three rubber or polyurethane material discs, fastened to a steel pipe body. The taper in the discs are important as they must be placed in the pipeline in the direction of the flow. Pigs are sometimes damaged while being used. Their repairs may include renewing the rubber discs, etc. Pigs may also be referred to as scrappers. IX-119


Pig Barrel There are functionally two types of pig barrels known as Sending and Receiving. These two are much the same construction. They are essentially a pressure vessel fitted with an access door for inserting or retrieving a pig at the end of a pipeline. It is valved off from the rest of the pipeline so that insertion and removal of the pig can be done at atmospheric pressure. Pig barrels may also be referred to as scrapper barrels or traps. Blow down Valves Manually operated valves (typically 2 to 4 inch diameter) are used to depressurize the pig barrel from both ends (the front or door end and the back or head end) so that opening of the barrel door can be done in safety. The blow down valves connects the interior of the barrels to the vent or flare line system. Note that both the blow down valves must be opened to insure that the barrel has been de-pressured. When a pig is in the barrel, pressure may be trapped on either side of the pig. Only by opening blow downs on both ends of the barrel can a complete de-pressurization of the barrel be assured. Atmospheric Vent Valves There are two small atmospheric vent valves located on the pressure gauge connection on the front and rear main blow down valve piping. The vents are used to confirm that there is no pressure trapped in the barrel (on both sides of the pig, if present) prior to opening the door. Kicker Valve and Line The kicker valve is located on the sending barrel at the door end and the connected line runs back to a source of high pressure gas. The purpose of the kicker valve and line is to allow that barrel to purged and pressured up or equalized to line pressure. It is also used in conjunction with the bypass valve to move the pig out of the barrel and into the pipeline. This valve is sometimes called a trap bypass. Receiver Valve and Line The receiver valve is located on the receiving barrel close to the door. This allows you to receive the liquids trapped ahead of the pig and by-pass the product into the down stream pipeline. The proper use of the receiving line helps to eliminate flaring of liquids to bring a pig into the receiving barrel. This valve is sometimes called a trap bypass or equalizer. Gate Valve This is a full size line valve connecting the mainline piping to the head end of the pigging barrel. Opening of this valve will allow the pig to be sent from a sending barrel or received at a receiving barrel. The term gate in this application does not refer to the style of valve. Both gate and ball valves are used for this purpose.

Pipeline Pigging General • The purpose of normal pipeline pigging is to clean the inside surface of the pipe, to spread corrosion inhibitor along the pipe, and to remove liquids to allow the maximum volume of natural gas to flow with minimum friction and pressure drop. Methanol is often injected in front of a pig to act as a water and hydrate scavenger. Occasionally a special type of pig known as smart or instrumented is run in the pipeline.


• The purpose of this type of pig is to monitor the condition of the pipeline wall. The record produced by this type of pig is known as a log and is interpreted by corrosion technicians to identify possible site of corrosion. • A pipeline pig is moved in the pipeline by a differential pressure between the upstream and downstream faces of the pig. The velocity of the pig increases or decreases depending on the differential pressure. The average velocity allows an estimate of transit time from launch to its receipt. The estimate is based on the estimated pressures and flows from the particular line. There are several different pipeline upsets which will increase this transit time as well as the possibility of the pig getting stuck somewhere along its route. Gas Control will monitor the pipeline conditions and work with the pigging crew to keep track of each pig’s position.

• The pig’s mechanical condition is of paramount importance. Cups, brushes, blades, etc., mounted on the pig should fit tightly against the pipe wall. Where applicable, ports are provided in pigs, to create turbulence and to agitate foreign objects in front of the pig as the pig moves in the pipeline. Ports also prevent pressure build up behind the pig in receiving barrels and allows controlled movement of a pig when near or within the limits of a receiving barrel assembly. WARNING: Pigging is extremely dangerous when done incorrectly. Be careful. If you do

not understand the procedure, call your Supervisor immediately. EXTREME CAUTION SHALL BE EXERCISED DURING SOUR GAS PIGGING OPERATIONS. IT IS MANDATORY THAT AIR BREATHING APPARATUS BE IN USE BY THE PIGGING CREW WHEN THE BARREL DOOR OR THE LOCAL ATMOSPHERIC VENTS ARE OPEN. THE USE OF AIR BREATHING EQUIPMENT EXTENDS TO ANY OTHER PERSONNEL WITHIN THE 25 FT HAZARDOUS AREA SURROUNDING THE BARREL DOOR AND ATMOSPHERIC VENTS. THIS APPLIES TO ALL SOUR GAS PIPELINES. The following safety precautions shall be employed when launching or receiving a pig:

1. The area within 25 feet of the barrels should be treated as hazardous when the barrel door is open of the local atmospheric vents are open. Breathing apparatus must be employed under these conditions. Open flame, smoking, arcing and sparking devices (any source of ignition) should not be brought into the area. Intrinsically safe or explosion proof devices may be safely used as they are designed for this function.

2. All valves shall be operated slowly to prevent excessive thrust causing violent pig movement in the pig barrel.

3. The pigging barrel is a pressure vessel. Operations involving opening of the door should be done with extreme care as the energy stored in high pressure gas is sufficient to tear the door off its hinge and launch a pig out of the barrel at high velocity. Assurance that the barrel is fully vented is the pigging crew’s responsibility and is a major factor to their personal safety. The door opening procedure is described in the sending and receiving procedures.

4. Extreme caution shall be exercised when injecting of handling volatile liquids. Personnel will be instructed in methods of injecting or handling volatile liquids. Vapor from condensate has a specific gravity greater than air and can form explosive air/gas mixtures in low areas or depression some distance from the source. This should be of more concern when there is no wind to disperse the fumes.


Other Activities VALVE GREASING Various greases and sealants are used for various purposes on pipeline valves. The importance of using the correct grease and sealant cannot be over stressed, please discuss this thoroughly with your supervisor.

METHANOL INJECTION Methanol is injected at most sending barrels in the raw gas system. Methanol acts as a water scavenger and helps break down hydrates that can form and restrict gas flow. Typically one to three barrels (45 gallons per barrel) of methanol is injected. DANGER

1. If the pigging sequence is stopped for any reason and the barrel is to be re-opened, the barrel must be depressurized from both front and back blow downs.

2. DO NOT ASSUME ANYTHING. The pig may be struck, frozen or broken. There may be more than one pig in the barrel.

3. DO NOT try to open the enclosure unless both front and back blow down valves are open and the barrel is completely depressurized.

4. Pigging is extremely dangerous when done incorrectly. Be careful. If you do not understand the procedure, call your Supervisor, IMMEDIATELY.

NOTE: When sending pigs from locations other than compressor stations, it is not mandatory to advise the nearest compressor station operator, however extreme caution should be exercised while operating the bypass valve 4. PIG SENDING PROCEDURE

1. Employ and maintain all safety precaution procedures. 2. Advise Gas Control. A pig number will be assigned to all pigs. 3. If sending from a compressor station, advise the station operator that a pig will be sent. 4. Inspect pig barrel and assembly for abnormal conditions such as gas leaks and/or

damaged fittings and pressure gauges. 5. Check that valve 1 and 2 are closed. This isolates the barrel from its supply of high

pressure gas. 6. Open the front blow down valve 3A slowly, then open the back blow down valve 3B.

Always open both blow downs. This should depressurize the pigging barrel completely. 7. To verify complete barrel depressurization, check front and back gauges and open the

small manual valves 3C and 3D (located below blow down valves). When assured that gas pressure in the pig barrel is equalized to atmospheric pressure, open the pig barrel closure.

8. Do not stand in front of the pig barrel closure, always stand to the side of the pig barrel opposite the closure hinge.

9. Insert the pig in the barrel. The trailing edges of the cups should be facing the opening. 10. Push pig into pig barrel until cups are past kicker line inlet (valve 2). 11. Check “O” ring on closure. Replace if necessary. Check door/closure alignment and

adjust if necessary. Clean, oil, close and tighten closure. IX-122


12. Close valves 3C and 3D then open methanol supply valve and inject prescribed amount of methanol then close valve. DO NOT LEAVE THE LOW PRESSURE METHANOL HOSE ATTACHED TO THE HIGH PRESSURE PIPING.

13. Close blow down valve 3A. 14. Purge pig barrel by partially opening the kicker valve. This forces any trapped air in the

barrel out through the rear blow down valve 3B. 15. When purge is complete, slowly open valve 2 to pressurize barrel while ensuring that the

pig does not move down the barrel and strike the gate valve 1. 16. When pressure in the pig barrel is equalized with line pressure, open valve 1 and open

valve 2 fully. 17. Slowly close in on bypass valve 4 until pig leaves the barrel past valve 1 and trips the pig

signal. 18. Fully open valve 4 immediately after the pig is sent to prevent the compressor station

from automatic shutdown. 19. Close valve 1 and 2. 20. Check for gas leaks before leaving the site. 21. Inform Gas Control of launching time, the amount of methanol added and the pipeline

pressure.

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PIPELINE PIGGING – RECEIVING 1. Employ and maintain all safety procedures. 2. If receiving at a compressor station, advise the station operator that a pig will be received

and valve 8 will be throttled. 3. Inspect pig barrel and assembly for abnormal conditions such as gas leaks and/or

damaged fittings and pressure gauges. 4. Check that valve 5 is fully open to ensure the pig will not get stuck at the valve. 5. Fully open receiver valve 6. This allows the gas and liquids in front of the pig to flow

into the downstream piping (and controls the entry of the pig into the barrel). 6. Slowly close valve 8 until pig has moved into the receiving barrel and tripped the pig

signal. As valve 8 is closed the pressure difference across the pig is increased causing the pig to move into the receiving barrel. Do not allow pig to strike door.

7. Fully open valve 8. 8. Close valve 5 and 6. This isolates the barrel from its supply of high-pressure gas. 9. Open front blow down valve 7A slowly, then open back blow down valve 7B. Always

open both blow downs. 10. To verify complete barrel depressurization, check front and back gauges and for final

check, open the small manual valves 7D and 7C. 11. At locations marked “DANGER – SHARED VENT SYSTEM – RE-CLOSE BLOW

DOWNS”, re-close blow down valves 7A and 7B to prevent blowbacks from other systems.

12. Do not stand in front of the pig barrel closure, always stand to the side of the pig barrel opposite the closure hinge.

13. When assured that gas pressure in the pig barrel is equalized to atmospheric pressure, open the pig barrel closure.

14. Remove the pig from the barrel. Estimate the total amount of liquids and sludge received with the pig.

15. Check “O” ring on closure. Replace if necessary. Check door/closure alignment and adjust if necessary. Clean, oil, close, and tighten closure.

16. Close valves 7C and 7D. 17. If blow down valves 7A and 7B were closed in step 11 reopen blow down valve 7B. 18. If blow down valves 7A and 7B were left open, close blow down valve 7A. 19. Purge pig barrel by partially opening the receiver valve. This forces any trapped air in

the barrel out through the rear blow down valve 7B. 20. When the gas pressure in the pig barrel assembly is equalized to the line pressure, close

valve 6 and fully open valve 5. This leaves the barrel ready to receive the next pig. 21. Check for gas leaks before leaving site. 22. Inform Gas Control the time the pig was removed from barrel, the amount of liquids and

sludge received with the pig, and the pipeline pressure. HOT TAP PROCEDURE It is recommended that the branch connection be no larger than two nominal diameters less then the tapped pipeline. The minimum wall thickness of the tapped pipeline should be 0.188” without special procedures. The branch support shall only be by full encirclement sleeve with extended branch support. Welding of the ends of the sleeve to the tapped pipeline is IX-124


expressly prohibited. The pressure on the tapped pipeline should be lowered below 500 psi or lower, depending on wall thickness and diameter of tapped pipeline. It is desirable to lower the “operating stress” to less than 10% of SMYS. This procedure should not be used on pipe steel of grades higher than X56 (388 Mpa). Specifics

1. The branch connection should be fabricated from pre-tested seamless pipe (ASTM A106 B or A333-6) and the flange weld radio graphed.

2. The hot tap area of the tapped pipeline should be exposed and the area fully scanned by ultrasonic inspection technique. The branch weld should not intersect any other weld including the long seam.

3. The pressure on the pipeline should be lowered below 500 psi and the flow should be substantially reduced or stopped.

4. The branch should be fitted with the top half of the full encirclement sleeve and fitted to the pipeline and the pipeline should be pre-heated to 200-250° F in the vicinity of the weld.

5. The branch pipe should be fillet-welded to the pipe using E6010 for the initial pass with E7018 electrode for the remainder with a temperature maintenance of 200-250° F. The minimum fillet leg should be the wall thickness of the pipeline (as determined by ultrasonic inspection) or the branch pipe, whichever is less.

6. The branch weld should be wrapped insulation and slow cooled to below 300° F. The weld may be tested with magnetic particle inspection, if deemed necessary.

7. The full-encirclement sleeve should be installed and welded longitudinally, taking care to ensure good fit-up and not to contact the pipeline with the weldment. No tack welding or seal welding to the pipeline is allowed. It is recommended that sleeves constructed with backing tabs be used to prevent excessive penetration.

8. The sleeve branch support should be fillet-welded to the branch pipe with a fillet leg equal to the branch pipe wall thickness. Extra care should be taken to prevent

external undercut of the nozzle. E7018 electrode should be used. 9. The completed assembly should be pressure tested to 1.5 times pipeline operating

pressure for a maximum period of 5 minutes. 10. The full-port valve should then be installed and the hot tap procedure completed by

qualified personnel. HOT TAP PROCEDURE - MECHANICAL Specifics

1. Inspect equipment for excessive looseness of mechanism, leakage, missing packing, cracks in body, broken threads and check coupon retainer. Check for proper pressure rating.

2. Check mechanism for travel and turn. Check for minimum travel required. 3. Ensure proper size cutter die and drill bit have been installed correctly. 4. Install the equipment on the full-port valve, ensuring proper gasket installation and

correct studs are used. Tighten studs to specified torque. Use Teflon tape, pipe dope and good pipefitting technique if installing threaded equipment.

IX-125


5. If the unit is equipped with purge valves, the cavity should be purged with nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or, least preferred, propane. If not equipped with purge valves, open bleed valve.

6. Run in cutter assembly until the drill bit contacts the top of the pipe. Note the travel indicator and record or mark the travel bar at a point no further away than 3/4 of the pipe diameter.

7. Drill through the pipe wall. 8. The bleed valve, if used, should be closed after 5 to 10 seconds flow. 9. Continue rotating until the entry coupon has been cut. Monitor the travel indicator or bar

and ensure that penetration of the cutter into the pipeline does not exceed 3/4 of the pipe diameter.

10. Retrieve the cutter assembly past the full-port valve. Close the full-port valve. 11. Relieve the pressure on the equipment by opening one of the purge valves or the bleed

valve. 12. Rig out the equipment and blind or plug the full-port valve.

Pressure Guidelines versus Wall Thickness

1. The maximum allowable pressure for the welding of stubs to pipe of a wall thickness, greater than .250” (6.35mm) shall be no more than 60% of the design pressure or 35% of the SMYS, whichever is less. 2. The proposed maximum allowable pressure for wall thickness less than .250” shall be as follows:

WALL THICKNESS MAXIMUM PIPE PRESSURE WHILE WELDING

Less than .156” (3.96mm) or equal to 100 psi (690kpa) .156” (3.96mm) 100 psi (690kpa) .188” (4.78mm) 400 psi (2760kpa) .250” (6.35mm) 500 psi (3450kpa)

REMOVAL OF PIPELINE HYDRATES BY METHANOL INJECTION Purpose and Importance • Hydrates are mixtures of water and gas formed under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions. Hydrate formation is initiated when gas travels through a source of water such as a low spot in the pipeline. Once flowing temperature begins to decrease, the hydrate rate of growth is accelerated. These conditions may occur simultaneously in more than one section of the line resulting in multiple hydrates throughout the system. The initial physical state is a crystal growth that advances to a solid ice plug in the pipe system. If a hydrate begins to move due to a pressure differential, excessive momentum forces are created. Velocity of the plug in motion can create shock waves in the piping system particularly when coming in contact with restrictions such as partially closed valves, change in line size, elbows, or orifice plates. • The removal of hydrates should be a well-planned event with all the potential hazards identified. The most practical way of removing a hydrate is to equalize pressure on both sides of the plug at the same rate and allow the plug to disintegrate.


• Another alternative method for removing is by methanol injection into the high-pressure side. Methanol will vaporize at the point of injection and move through the line by diffusion similar to gas line antifreeze works. Hazards

1. Rapid pressure release – explosive 2. Chemicals methanol, production fluids, etc. 3. Shock waves in pressurized equipment 4. Toxic gases/liquids 5. Movement of hydrates at extreme high speed caused by differential pressure 6. Equipment failure due to impact forces

Special Personal Protective Equipment

1. SCBA in sour environments 2. Personal H2S monitors

Tools and Materials

1. 2 calibrated pressure gauges 2. Methanol 3. Injection pump


Pre-job Activities 1. Calculate line volume to assist with identifying plug location 2. Always maintain pressure on both sides of plug. The depressurized side should

not be less than 90% of pressured side 3. Four people may be required to monitor and communicate pressure changes on

either side of hydrate plug 4. Know pressure ratings of piping and fittings 5. Identify the location of potential impact points if the hydrate(s) begin to move 6. Know WHMIS and MSDS information

No Pig Associated with the Hydrate • Depressurizing the pipeline should always commence from the end that has the greatest pressure (unless otherwise instructed to do so by pipeline personnel on call, or supervisory personnel on call.) Extreme caution should be used when creating a pressure differential across a hydrate in an attempt to remove it.

• Unless specifically instructed to do so by pipeline or supervisory on call personnel at no time should there be more than 100 psig across a hydrate. This pressure can be ascertained by the pressure indication at each end of the pipeline being worked on.

• When depressurizing a pipeline, unless the intent is to blow it completely down to 0, depressurizing should take place only from one end at a time. This method is effective. Again caution should be used not to create too large of a pressure differential across the hydrate 100 psig or less, depending on the situation and vicinity of the hydrate in relation to flaring facility being used, (unless otherwise instructed to do so by pipeline personnel on call or supervisory personnel on call.)

• Hydrates are most effectively removed by alternating the reduction of the pressure from end to end until eventually the hydrate dissipates. By alternating from end to end on reducing the pressure it is much easier to ascertain if and when a hydrate situation has been resolved.

• Lower pressure enhances the chance that a hydrate will dissipate in any given pipeline. Pig Associated with the Hydrate • The fact that there is a pig associated with a hydrate in a given pipeline makes it particularly dangerous. If the hydrate is located close to the location where the depressurizing is taking place, and too great of a pressure differential is created across the hydrate and if the hydrate were to “let go” significant force is created which could cause severe damages to facilities and or personnel. Therefore it is very important that this situation is averted.

• Depressurizing the pipeline should always commence from the end that has the greatest pressure, unless otherwise instructed to do so by pipeline personnel on call, or supervisory personnel. Extreme caution should be used when creating a pressure differential across a hydrate in an attempt to remove it. IX-128


• Unless specifically instructed to do so by pipeline or supervisory on call personnel at no time should there be more than 100 psi across a hydrate. This pressure can be ascertained by the pressure indication at each end of the pipeline being worked on. • When depressurizing a pipeline, unless the intent is to blow it completely down to 0, depressurizing should take place only from one end at a time. This method is effective. Again caution should be used not to create too large of a pressure differential across the hydrate 100 psi or less, depending on the situation and vicinity of the hydrate in relation to flaring facility being used, (unless otherwise instructed to do so by pipeline personnel or supervisory personnel on call.)

• Hydrates are most effectively removed by alternating the reduction of the pressure form end to end on reducing the pressure it is much easier to ascertain if, and when a hydrate situation has been resolved. Lower pressure enhances the chance that a hydrate will dissipate in any given pipeline.

• Note: Any reference to the maximum pressure differential across a hydrate in this document is made with the assumption that the hydrate is not in the immediate vicinity of the flaring facility being used to depressurize a pipeline due to a hydrate.

• If there is reason to believe the hydrate and or pig is in close proximity of the flaring facility being used to depressurize a pipeline, then the maximum pressure should be reduced drastically (At the discretion of pipeline personnel on site). If at anytime there is any apprehension about the safety of the situation pipeline personnel on call and or pipeline supervision should be consulted before proceeding with any actions and or work concerning a hydrate.

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PPAARRTT 1100:: OORRIIEENNTTAATTIIOONN GGUUIIDDEELLIINNEESS On behalf of Macro Industries Inc and (client), welcome to the project. POLICY STATEMENT AND PROJECT GOAL Macro Industries Inc. is committed to maintaining public and employee health and safety throughout all operations and construction activities. This responsibility is recognized throughout management, employees and supervisory personnel. The identification and correction of unsafe physical and mechanical conditions is our first priority. Through total participation and co-operation with clients and regulatory agencies, our goal is to provide a safe and health work environment. SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES Absolutely everybody on the job is responsible for safety. Management Management is responsible to the client to provide a safe work environment and everything necessary to carry out the required tasks in both a professional and safe manner. Supervisors Supervisors are responsible to management to ensure they will oversee that day-to-day activities are performed safely, and that individuals have the information, tools and skills to complete required tasks. Employees Employees are responsible for themselves and fellow co-workers. Through the utilization of required safety equipment and reporting of all unsafe conditions, the safe completion of required tasks is achievable. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN (ERP) The ERP describes the emergency actions and procedures which Macro shall implement if an incident occurs that causes, or has the potential to cause a hazardous material/substance release or a dangerous situation to company, contract personnel, local equipment operators, the general public, public property or the environment. COMPANY RULES The majorities of company rules are generic to the Oil & Gas Industry, and for the most part, based on common sense. There are several specific rules and these will either be covered during orientation or dealt with as circumstances unfold at the job site. RIGHT TO REFUSE UNSAFE WORK All individuals have both the right and responsibility to refuse what they perceive to be unsafe work. The unsafe condition must immediately be reported to supervision. Supervision will then investigate and rectify. These situations usually arise as a result of


inexperience or insufficient training. This right is legislated by W.C.B and therefore, there are no repercussions. DRUG AND ALCOHOL POLICY Both Macro and its clients take a “zero tolerance” position on drugs and/or alcohol in the workplace. Employees and sub-contractors reporting for work:

1. Are expected to be sober, well rested and fit for duty. 2. If under the influence of alcohol or drugs, must advise supervisor accordingly

upon reporting for work, or when called out on an emergency on unscheduled basis.

3. If perceived to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs, the individual will be removed from the work site and evaluated. If unfit for duty, the employees condition will be noted and result in disciplinary action.

Sadly enough, when personal injury results from an employee under the influence of drugs or alcohol it is usually another employee that is injured. Work in the Oil & Gas Industry is dangerous enough under ideal conditions and therefore, allows no room for the involvement of drugs and/or alcohol. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Company will supply safety glasses, hard hats and hearing protection. Individuals are responsible for steel-toed boots, gloves and fire retardant coveralls. All specialized P.P.E. (monitors and fall arrest harnesses) should and will be supplied by the company. FIRST AID Company will provide all first aid equipment and transportation according to W.C.B. regulations. The first aid attendant will be identified to all personnel on the project. If required, the services from outside agencies will be in place prior to project commencement. COMMUNICATIONS Each project will have an emergency flow chart identifying pertinent contract in the event of an emergency. Internal communications will be facilitated through meetings, company radios and cellular telephones. INCIDENT, ACCIDENT, INJURY REPORTING All incidents, accidents and injuries, no matter how small, must be reported to supervisory personnel immediately.

1. An incident is an event, under other circumstances, would result in personal injury or property damage. These events should be discussed in order to eliminate reoccurrence. X-131


2. Accidents are to be reported for several reasons: a. Prevent reoccurrence b. Legal ramifications c. Insurance purposes d. Possible disciplinary action

3. All injuries, regardless of severity, must be reported to supervisory personnel and/or first aid personnel. a. Eliminate future complications b. WCB notification and entitlements c. Eliminate reoccurrence

JOINT HEALTH AND SAFETY COMMITTEE A joint health and safety committee will be formed with representation from management, supervisory personnel and employees. The committee will meet monthly to discuss:

1. Prior months incidents, accidents and personal injuries. 2. Any and all safety concerns. 3. Any policy or procedure additions or deletions.

The minutes of these meetings will be recorded and discussed at safety meetings and will be posted in shop for employee referral. WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Macro accepts an obligation to provide a healthy and safe work environment. The company is committed to providing a violence free environment and recognizes that workplace violence is a health and safety issue. An employee who is a victim of workplace violence will be treated with respect and consideration and will receive the company’s full support of his/her rights. Those instigating or participating in workplace violence will be disciplined accordingly. MAINTENANCE PROGRAM Macro is committed to maintaining all tools and equipment in a condition that will maximize the safety of all personnel. This is achieved by:

1. Employment of qualified technicians 2. Adherence to manufacturer’s specifications 3. Scheduling and documentation of all maintenance work

Day to day maintenance of tools and equipment is the responsibility of employees along with reporting of any needed maintenance beyond their expertise. WHMIS (WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM) WHMIS is both federally and provincially regulated and all regulations concerning handling and shipping of controlled substances must be adhered to. All controlled products must be properly labeled and appropriate MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) made available. Handling procedures required PPE and first aid instructions are contained in MSDS when in doubt, check with supervisory personnel. X-132


MODIFIED WORK PROGRAM If an employee sustains an injury at the workplace severe enough that he/she can no longer perform the job they were hired for, after consulting the attending physician, light duty will be offered, if available. NON-COMPLIANCE POLICY The intent of this policy is to set guidelines for dealing with non-compliance of our safety program. If and when government regulations or company safety program rules are ignored or when lapse in performance and/or personal behavior impacts safety or efficiency of company activities, the following three step system will commence:

1. Verbal warning. 2. Written warning. 3. Dismissal.

Depending upon the potential severity of the action, steps 1 and 2 will be omitted. HARASSMENT POLICY Macro is committed to the principle of equal access to employment, training, development and career opportunities for all employees based on job-related abilities, experience and performance. There will be no discrimination, interference, restriction, coercion, harassment or intimidation based on age, race, creed, color, national origin, political affiliation, religious affiliation, sex, sexual or marital status. Harassment will not be tolerated. Harassment shall be defined as: Any incident or series of incidents that may be verbal, physical or deliberate and are perceived to be unsolicited or unwelcome. SAFETY MEETINGS Scheduled safety meetings provide a forum enabling any and all safety concerns to be aired and discussed. Daily toolbox meetings should be tailored to day-to-day activities and will be conducted each morning at the job site. Weekly meetings will take place in the shop and be attended by all employees. The previous weeks activities will be reviewed and the pending weeks activities will be addressed. An accounting of all injuries, accidents, and incidents of all on-going projects allows us an opportunity to prevent any re-occurrence. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS Environmental awareness, like safety, is an interactive fulltime process. Compliance with standards, regulations and permits is expected from management, supervisory personnel and all employees. FIRE PREVENTION AND SUPPRESSION Macro will take all reasonable and practical measures to safe guard employees, maintain services to our customers and prevent fire damage or loss to equipment and property. Macro will, as directed by management, assist in firefighting activities in our project


areas if requested by local authorities. All Macro vehicles and equipment will be equipped with appropriate fire fighting equipment. SAFE WORK PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES Safe work practices and procedures are detailed and available in the company safety manual. These practices and procedures are excellent topics for tailgate safety meetings and supervisory personnel will be encouraged to employ them as the job dictates. The company safety manual is available to all employees as a reference source. Management is receptive to change and welcomes any and all suggestions that will better complete or improve the existing manual. DRIVING (OPERATION OF COMPANY VEHICLES) Statistically, driving is the most dangerous phase of any job. All federal and provincial laws must be adhered to. Seat belts are to be worn and speed limits obeyed. Road and weather conditions often dictate driving habits. Vehicle walk around inspections are to be performed prior to each shift, when fueling if necessary. Items to inspect should include but are not limited to:

1. All lights 2. Tire wear 3. Loads secured 4. Wiper blades and washer fluid 5. Tailgate secure

Pressurized cylinders, flammable materials and heavy objects should not be transported and heavy objects should not be transported in passenger compartment. Ensure fire extinguisher is secure and charged and first aid kit is accessible and complete. Company vehicles pay your wages… Take care of them!!! X-134

statement of responsibility

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