schleibinger shrinkage-drain

Schleibinger Shrinkage-Drain

Schleibinger GeräteTeubert u. Greim GmbH

Gewerbestraße 484428 Buchbach

GermanyTel. +49 8086 9473110

Fax. +49 8086 [email protected]

August 2, 2017

Contents 2

Contents

1 Introduction 4

1.1 Taxonomy of Shrinkage Measurement Systems . . . . . . 4

2 Theory of Operation 7

2.1 Shrinkage Drain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 Hardware Installation 8

3.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.2 Installation of the Data-Logger for the Shrinkage-Drains . 8

3.3 Configuration of the Network access . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.3.1 Network configuration between the data logger andPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.4 Thermocouples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.5 Combined Humidity and Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . 13

4 Handling 15

4.1 Shrinkage Drain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.1.1 Preparation the drain for the measurement . . . . 15

4.1.2 Running the measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4.1.3 Removing the Specimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5 The Software 18

5.1 Recording Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.2 Software Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5.2.1 Singel Channel Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.2.2 All Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.2.3 Start Measurement of single sensors . . . . . . . . 20

5.2.4 Start Measurement for all sensors at the same time- Quickstart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5.3 Transferring the datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5.3.1 Data file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5.3.2 Data Text single channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5.3.3 All Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

5.3.4 FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5.4 Plotting the Measurement Data in HTML5 . . . . . . . . . 25

5.4.1 Channel Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5.4.2 Zooming the Y-axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5.4.3 Zooming the Time Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5.4.4 Insert a Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5.4.5 Printing the Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Contents 3

6 Bibliography 27

7 Calibration Sheet Laser sensor 29

8 Calibration Sheet Temperature Sensors 30

8.1 Sensor 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

8.2 Sensor 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1 Introduction 4

1 Introduction

Cementitious building materials change their volume during the hydra-tion. This is a known phenomen resulting from structural and environ-mental factors. The process can take up to months and years reflectedin shrinkage or expansion of materials. For the most practical applica-tions of building materials the changing of the volume is very harmfuland has to be minimized.

Many theoretical models describe the causes of shrinkage and expand-ing of building materials on later ages, when the material has gained ad-equate strength. This includes drying shrinkage when water is loosingto the environemnt and due to this volumetric change takes place. Butalso the occurrence of autogenous shrinkage which takes place with-out moisture transfer to the environment is of great importance for theshrinkage behaviour and thus on cracking risk of building materials.

While the autogenous shrinkage at later ages has been well documentedand explained by self-desiccation behaviours there is no theoretically ex-planation of autogenous shrinkage at very early age during the first dayof hydration. At early ages, the tensile capacity of cementitious materi-als is lowest and the risk of cracking is high. The mechanisms duringthe first hours of hydration are still not fully understood. Up to now themeasurements of the volumetric changes at the early age are rarely ob-tained due to difficulty in measuring or relatively high inaccuracy. There-fore, it is more important to have suitable measuring instruments whichare able to measure volume change behaviours of the building materialsfrom the early beginning of hydration and on the other hand measuringequipment which is able to simulate the environmental conditions fromthe field of application as well.

1.1 Taxonomy of Shrinkage Measurement Systems

The volume change of the building materials is of high interest when fo-cusing on maintaining of durable structures. The change of the volumeis often attributed to drying of the concrete over a long time period. Notonly the drying shrinkage but also the thermal and particularly the auto-genous shrinkage which shows volume reduction resulting from internalchemical and structural changes are of interest for cracking formations.The autogenous shrinkage for example is a big issue especially for thehigh strength or high perfomance concrete with the low water-to-cementratios.

Due to the production process cementitious materials undergo differentstages which are a liquid or plastic stage, intermediate stage of the set-ting and the hardened stage of the materials:

• fluid (F)

• setting time (S)

• hardened material (H)

For the shrinkage of cementitious materials two distinct stages can bedefined which are early and later ages. The age of 24 hours and longerrefer to the later age shrinkage. This is also the kind of shrinkage whichis recorded by standardized measurements where a certain strength ofthe material is necessary.

The early stage is commonly definded as the first day while the cemen-titious materials are setting and starting to harden. The change of the

1 Introduction 5

consistency of the cementitious material implements high requirementsfor a measuring system. At the plastic state, usual physical test methodscan not be applied showing difficulties in measuring of the fluid materi-als.

The process of hydration of cementitious materials itself is influenced bythe environmental conditions like temperature (freezing and thawing),humidity, and impact of gas, or salty or acid liquids. For shrinkage in-vestigations only the environmental conditions have to be constant. Onthe other side the length change of the materials due to the change ofthe environmental conditions can be a factor for the resistance of thesematerials. This will be used for example for the detection of the reactiv-ity of the material due to the alkali silicate reaction or for examination offreeze-thaw resistance of concrete.

In addition to the free shrinkage the measurement of the blocked or re-strained shrinkage provides further information about the building ma-terials. Under restrained shrinkage the age of cracking and inducedtensile stress characteristics of mortar or concrete speciment can bedetermined.

The company Schleibinger Geräte provides testing equipment for awhole range of measurement of shrinkage behaviours of building ma-terials:

• The Schleibinger Shrinkage-Cone - a measurement equipmentfor a very early shrinkage and expansion of building materials likepaste, mortar, plaster etc. A contactless laser sensor allows record-ing the data directly after the filling of cone-formed specimen con-tainer.

• The Schleibinger Thin-Layer-Measurement-System - measure-ment equipment for a very early measurement of the volume chang-ing of the building materials such as paste, mortar, plaster, self-leveling compounds or other materials applicated as a thin layer.Two laser units allow a contactless measurement of the shrinkageor the expansion of these materials.

• The Schleibinger Shrinkage Drains - for measuring of shrinkageand expansion using a movable anchor

• The Schleibinger Bending Drain - for measurement of the volumechange and the curling of the specimen. Influence of floor heatingcan be simulated.

• The Schleibinger Shrinkage Ring - for the determination of ageof cracking and induced tensile stress under restraind shrinkage(according to ASTM C1581)

Due to different stages of the building materials fluid (F), setting time (S)and hardened stage (H) different equipment for different stages can beused. Figure 1 shows the different measurement devices for the mea-surement of the volume change behaviours of the building materials.

1 Introduction 6

(a) Shrinkage Cone (b) Thin-Layer-Measurement-System

(c) ShrinkageDrain

(d) Bending Drain (e) Shrinkage Ring

(f) Shrinkage over time

Figure 1: Schleibinger Shrinkage measurement equipment

2 Theory of Operation 7

2 Theory of Operation

2.1 Shrinkage Drain

Using the Schleibinger Shrinkage Drain measuring of the volume changeduring the hydration of cementitious materials can be done. The shrink-age drain mould is filled with fresh sample. A length change sensor isadjusted on the mold. For this purpose at least one side of the mould ismovable. Figure 2 shows the Shrinkage Drain with a length of 25 cm.

The common length of the mould is one meter. Other length are avail-able upon request.

The volume change of building materials is done three-dimensionallyand is not absolutely isotropic. To avoid the blockage which can occurdue to non-isotropic behaviors inside the mould a non sucking but com-pressible rubber sheet (about 1..2 mm) is placed. In order to ensure afree movement in the y and z directions the movable anchor is not fixed.For this reason a gap between the anchor plate and the wall of the drainis necessary. This gab can be easily sealed with some elastic materialslike ordinary grease. The anchors itself show some kind of elasticity re-garding to the length changes between the start and the end point of theanchor.

The sensor has an accuracy of about ±2 µm at a stroke of 5 mm.

Figure 2: Shrinkage Drain with Neoprene sheet


3 Hardware Installation

3.1 Requirements

The shrinkage-cone, the TLMS, the bending drain, the shrinkage drainand the shrinkage ring are delivered with a data-logger. The data log-ger records the measurement values for several months depending onrecording interval and the amount of channels connected autonomous.The data-sets are stored non-volatile in the data-logger. The logger isequipped with a network interface. It may be integrated in your localintra-net as well as into the world-wide Internet. As user interface youneed a PC with an actual Internet browser software like (Firefox 24+,Internet Explorer 9+, Microsoft Edge, Chrome 25+, Opera 15+, ...). Youcan use any PC from Win95..Windows10 as well as Linux or MacOS.Even a tablet running Android or iOs is possible. The PC must beequipped with an Ethernet network interface running the TCP/IP pro-tocol. During the measurement no running PC is needed. The config-uration is described in detail in section 3.3. Beneath the http protocolyou may also readout the data with the file-transfer protocol (ftp). Theusername for the ftp protocol is ftp, the pasword also ftp.

For debugging purposes you may also login with the telnet protocol.Here username and password are tel.

3.2 Installation of the Data-Logger for the Shrinkage-Drains

• Connect the 9-pin D-Sub connector to the data-logger. Connect allT-con modules with the LVDTs. Afterwards connect the 9-pin cablewith the first T-con module (Fig. 3).

• Connect the temperature, or temperature/humidity sensor to theconnectors on the backside of the logger in an appropriate way.

• The network cable is connected to the RJ45 plug on the front sideof the data logger. If connected the green LED "Power ON" fromthe RJ45 socket is lighting and the yellow LED "Link" shows theconnection with an active network by blinking. Configure the net-work interface as described in chapter 3.3.

• The data logger is delivered with a 100V-240V ~, 50..60Hz powersupply. Connect the power supply with the 3 pin DIN plug to thedata logger. After some seconds the data logger is running andthe green LED indicator "OK" should blink.

• Default set automatic IP-addressing for the data logger. Pleaseuse the Windows-program Chiptool.exe (delivered with the data-logger) to change the IP address (see also www.schleibinger.

com/chiptool)

Wiring of the Schleibinger Shrinkage Drain is shown in Fig. 4.

3.3 Configuration of the Network access

The Schleibinger data logger, the Slabtester and the CDF machine areequipped with a 100 BaseT network interface. It can be integrated withina local Intranet or globally into the Internet. The network configurationcan be done with the program Chiptool which can be found on USBstick delivered with the equipment or downloaded from the page www.

schleibinger.com/chiptool.

Example Default Settings:

www.schleibinger.com/chiptool





Figure 3: Connection of T-con module with LVDT sensor

Steckernetzteil

Ethernetschnittstelle

Temperatur / Feuchte

Temperatur

Daten−logger

Switch / Hub

Internet

Netzwerk−schnittstelle

9 polig

Messtaster

Figure 4: Wiring the shrinkage drain


Device: Data logger for the shrinkage cone

Customer: Miximaxi AG

Serial Nr: 201312324

MAC-ID: 00:30:56:90:7D:C3

Hostname: Scone_201312324

[] Obtain an IP-Address automatically

[] Use the following IP-Addresse: IP addresse:.......

Subnet mask:.......

3.3.1 Network configuration between the data logger and PC

There are two options for the network configuration of the data loggerand PC available:

• by automatically getting an IP address

• by using a static IP address

Automatically getting IP address

Connection of the data logger into a local network with DHCP- and DNS-Server is the simplest and fasted method.

• Connect the data logger with your local network (switch) using thenetwork cable which was delivered with the device and switch onthe data logger (24V adapter)

• Enter the host name into the address line of your browser in a form"http://. . . " (see symbol 1 Fig. 5.)

Figure 5: Accessing the data logger with a symbolic server name.

A DHCP-Server assigns a free IP address to the data logger. You canaccess the data logger via the default host name using the DNS (seeFig. 5).


Figure 6: Readout the IP address to the data logger with the programchiptool.

Figure 7: Accessing the data logger with a fix IP address.

Hint: DHCP server are scanning the network from time to time assigninga IP address and a symbolic name to all computers in the network. Thisprocedure may take some time. So please wait some minutes until youtry to access the data logger with its host name.

Alternatively, in the case the host name - DNS-server does not work orsupported in your network the connection with the data logger can bedone by using of the assigned IP address. This IP address can be foundfrom the program Chiptool, mentioned above (Fig. 6).

Make sure the data logger always getting the same IP address fromthe DHCP server. Enter the IP address assigned by the DHCP serverinto the address line of the browser instead of the host name (Fig. 7).

using static IP address

If no network avaliable or you are not allowed to connect a measurementdevice into your local network, the Schleibinger data logger can be con-nected directly to a PC, e.g. with an older notebook. Most of the PCs areconfigured in a way, that they take an IP address automatically assignedby the DHCP server. In case of a direct connection between data loggerand PC, both peers are missing the DHCP server. For this chase use astatic IP address.

a) set static IP address on the computer:

Open Control Panel→ Network and Internet→ LAN-Connection→Properties and set a static IP-address from the so called private areae.g. 192.168.1.1 and a sub net mask 255.255.255.0. Gateway doesn’thas to be set. See figure 8

b) set static IP address on the data logger:


Figure 8: Configuration of PC for a direct connection with data logger.

Connect the data logger and the PC with the static IP address with across-wired Ethernet cable (Cat5, RJ45)- not delivered with the equip-ment, and start the program chiptool. The program is searching for thedata logger and if the PC is configured correctly and the right connectioncable is used, the Schleibinger device appears in the window of the pro-gram. Click with the right mouse button on the entry within the windowand choose IP configuration. A small window appears. Enter an otherstatic IP address from the same private area as well [Fig. 9). This IPaddress has to be different from one of PC e.g. 192.168.1.2 and thesame sub net mask. Finally click on Config.

Enter the new IP address of the data logger in the header of the browser.The main page of the data logger should appear.

For the integration of the data logger into the network infrastruction,please, ask your network administrator.

3.4 Thermocouples

As an option thermocouples can be connected to the data logger or thestrain gage amplifier of the Shrinkage Rings for measuring the specimentemperature.

A thermocouple is a temperature-measuring device consisting of twodissimilar conductors that contact each other at one or more spots, wherea temperature differential is experienced by the different conductors (orsemiconductors). It generates a voltage when the temperature of oneof the spots differs from the reference temperature at other parts of thecircuit. Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor formeasurement and control. Commercial thermocouples are inexpensive,interchangeable, supplied with standard connectors, and can measure awide range of temperatures. The main limitation of the thermocouples is


Figure 9: Configuration of the data logger for direct connection usingprogram chiptool.

their accuracy: system errors of less than one degree Celsius (°C) canbe difficult to achieve.

There are different types of thermocouples on the market available. TypeK (chromel / alumel) is the most common thermocouple type with asensitivity of approximately 41µV/C (chromel positive relative to alumelwhen the junction temperature is higher than the reference temperature)(Fig. 10]. This type K of thermocouple is cost-effective and available in awide variety of probes with the temperature range from -200 °C to +1350°C.1

Attention: Please, use Type K thermocouples with the Schleibinger data logger only. Otherwisethe results will be incorrect!

After the measurement, the thermocouple can be simply pulled out ofthe sample. If it is not possible, cut it off. Thermocouple can be reusedby removing the insulation from the cable head and twisting the cables.

If no thermocouple is connected or it is brocken, the temperature will stilldisplayed on the device. This temperature is the temperature or the coldspot at the temperature plug of the data logger.please note!

3.5 Combined Humidity and Temperature Sensor

A combined relative humidity and temperature sensor (SHT75) for themeasurement of the environmental conditions can be connected to thedata logger as well (Fig. 11). This sensor integrate sensor elementsplus signal processing in compact format and provide a fully calibrateddigital output. A capacitive sensor element is used for measuring relativehumidity while temperature is measured by a band-gap sensor. Bothsensors are seamlessly coupled to a 14bit analog to digital converterand a serial interface circuit. This results in good signal quality, a fastresponse time and insensitivity to external disturbances (Fig.12) 2).

1 Text partly from: Wikipedia contributors. "Thermocouple." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclo-pedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 31 May. 2015. Web. 5 Jun. 2015.

2 Text partly from: Datasheet SHT7x, Humidity and Temperature Sensor IC.


Figure 10: Thermocouple type K

Figure 11: combined humidity and temperature sensor

4 Handling 15

Figure 12: SHT75 sensor used with maximal RH-tolerance at 25 °C (left)and maximal T-tolerance (right)

4 Handling

4.1 Shrinkage Drain

As far as possible, the Shrinkage Drains should be installed in a roomwith a controlled air condition. The length change ratio of steel andconcrete is about 12µm/Km. The real working error of the completemeasurement system is < 1µm/K. Please mount the shrinkage drainson a table free of vibration, or place it on the wall-mounted platform.

4.1.1 Preparation the drain for the measurement

The Shrinkage Drain is prepared for the measurement as follows:

• Place the neoprene foil into the drain. You can adjust the length ofthe foil by stretching it a bit.

• Place PE foil into the drain.

• Fix the stamp of the movable anchor on the bearing block next toLVDT support. Make sure the position of the stamp is equal tothe marker on the drain and fix it with the additional stamp at theposition of LVDT sensor (Fig. 13, 14).

• Close the gab between the movable anchor and the drain beforefilling the drain with some grease.

• Fill the drain with the fresh sample.

• After the sample is stiffened and showing some resistance removethe additional stamp from the LVDT support (Fig.15) and mountthe LVDT sensor instead (Fig. 16). Mount the LVDT support in theright direction. The rounded end of the LVDT sensor must pointtowards the drain. Fix the mounting screw with a maximum torqueof 0.25 Nm.

• Turn on the logger after all channels have been connected!

• Adjust each LVDT sensor available at the raw value of approx.7000 to 8000 (see chapter 5.2.3).

• The measurement can be started

For the drain with temperature control or so called "double wall option"connect the drain to a common chiller first (Fig. 17).

Attention: The drain with temperature control can become hot. Donot touch the hot drain!

4 Handling 16

Figure 13: Mounting the support

Figure 14: Movable anchor (left) and bearing block for fixing movableanchor (right)

Figure 15: Fixing of the movable anchor

4 Handling 17

Figure 16: Fixing of LVDT sensor

Figure 17: Shrinkage drain with the tubes for temperature control

5 The Software 18

4.1.2 Running the measurement

If the drain is prepared and the measurement is started the measure-ment data will be collected automaticaly due to the setup was done (seealso chapter 5.2.1). The data can be displayed during the measurementgraphicaly or numericaly (see also chapter 5.2).

4.1.3 Removing the Specimen

After the measurement has been finished:

• Save the data from the data logger (see chapter 5.3) and turn offthe data logger.

• Remove the LVDT sensor first!

• Open both screws at the bearing block

• Open the screw at the other end of the drain

• Remove the specimen

• Remove the stamp from the specimen.

• Clean the drain with diluted phosphoric acid. Do not use chloridesolvents!

5 The Software

The software is quite similar for all shrinkage test systems.

5.1 Recording Data

As soon the data-logger get power, data acquisition starts. This is shownby blinking of the green LED "OK" at the front-side of the data-logger anda blue LED from the LVDT sensor if connected. The PC is only requiredfor setup and data transfer.

5.2 Software Handling

The operation of the devices will be done by a Web-Browser-Software.To communicate with the data logger start at your PC your web browsersoftware. Enter the host name or the IP address at the address line ofyour browser for example 192.168.1.40. The following start screen willappear in your browser (Fig. 18).

In the header of the page on the left the drop down menu All is shown.From this menu all channels will be controlled in the same way. For ex-ample starting the measurement, set up of the real time clock, showingall data numerical and graphical (Fig. 19).

The single channels are listed from the buttom All on the right side.Depending on installed options these are the single sensors like LASERsensors for the TLMS or Shrinkage Cone, LVDT´s sensors for the Shrink-age Drain and Bending Drain, Temperature sensor, combined relativehumidity and temperature sensor and a balance signal.

5 The Software 19

Figure 18: Start screen

Figure 19: Main menu

5 The Software 20

Figure 20: System setup

5.2.1 Singel Channel Setup

From the Setup the configuration of the measurement can be done (Fig.20). For each channel:

• Recording interval (Sampling Rate) can be selected from 10 sec-onds to 10 minutes (Fig. 20]. The appropriate measurement val-ues are recorded according to the set interval.

• Limit value for each channel can be specified. If the Limit set toinfinitely the data will be collected according to the set record-ing interval of the sampling rate. If the LIMIT is set to for examplen=5 the data logger will record the additional data where the dif-ference of the measured value between two measurement pointsbigger than 5. This gives the possibility to record the changes inthe measured value independend from the set recording interval.The unit of the LIMIT is due to the channel selected.

• Time Format of the recording interval can be selected. The TimeFormat can be choosen between Time/s and n*smaplingrate/s.When selecting Time/s and a sampling rate of for example 30s thedata logger will record data at 30s, 61s, 90s, 119s . . . . The reasonfor this are small deviations in the response time of the severalsoftware processes running on data logger. If this is not desiredplease select n*smaplingrate/s for the Time Format Setup orin the Excel worksheet. From this the actual measuring time isrounded sown to the recording interval from the sampling rate.

5.2.2 All Setup

The setup of date and time from the system time or your oun time canbe done [Fig. 21). Be careful, the European time format is used.

day.month.year:hour:min for example 26.03.03:12:11.

The hour format is from 0..24h. Press the Set Date and Time button forconfirmation.

5.2.3 Start Measurement of single sensors

It is possible to start the measurements for each sensor separately.Starting the measurement can be done as follows:

5 The Software 21

Figure 21: Setup of date and time

• Adjust the LVDT sensor of the shrinkage drain to the middle of themeasuring range. Check this by displaying the raw values with:All - Online Display and press Start. The raw value should beinbetween of 7000 and 8000. (Fig. 22)

• Select the appropriate channel in the header line

• Select Offset and press the button Offset=0. The measured val-ues are set to zero (Fig. 23)

By offseting only the measured values of the channel will set tozero. The time of the measurement will still continue.

For temperature and combined temperature and humidity sensors nooffset is possible.please note:

• Select Start for measurement start. Enter the filename (optional)and click on Start for setting the time to zero (Fig. 24).

• Select Data Reset for emptying the data file.

• Click on Erase Fig. 25

5.2.4 Start Measurement for all sensors at the same time - Quickstart

The start of the measurement can be done for each sensor separated orfor all sensors at ones.

Quickstart can be carried out as follows:

Attention: All data from all channels will be erased!

• Check the range for each sensor (see also chapter 4)

• Click on All

• Select Quickstart

• Enter the filename (optional). The filename will only appear in thecolumn DATASET from All - Online Display (Fig. 22)

• Click Start

5 The Software 22

Figure 22: Measurement values in a numerical format

Figure 23: Offset zero

Figure 24: Measurement start

5 The Software 23

Figure 25: Data reset of single channel

5.3 Transferring the datasets

The measurement will be stored localy on the data logger. The memoryis non-volatile. For the download of the measured data web-browsersoftware can be used.

5.3.1 Data file

For each channel text data file is available. For the first channel data1.txt,for the second channel data2.txt and for the following channal (datan.txt)accordingly will be generated.

5.3.2 Data Text single channels

• Select the appropriate channel on the header of the page

• Select Data Text and press Load

• All measuring data values will be displayed (Fig. 26)

• In the first column seconds since start of the measurement areshown. In the second column the measured values are displayed.The unit of the measured values corresponds to the channel wasused and is shown under the header line.

• All columns are separated by tabs.

The data can be copy to the other program like Excel using the clipboardor directly by selecting Save Link As...

For displaying the data in Excel the browser address from the text fileshould be copied for example: http://192.168.1.40/daten/data1.txt.

Open a new Excel sheet and insert the data as following: data - externdata - data from web. Insert the copied address, click import and fol-low the import wizard. The data are imported.

For the interpretation of the results:please note!

• increasind values of the length means expansion of the samplemeasured

• decreasing values of the length means shrinkage of the samplemeasured

5 The Software 24

Figure 26: Measurement values of single channel as text file

Figure 27: All channels data as text file

5.3.3 All Channels

The data file generated for All contains all data from all channels in one(Fig. 27). The format is as follows:

Date Time Excel-Time Channel 1 Channel 212.08.04 10:40:32 38211,444815 3999,6 -221,0

The recording interval is 10 times lower compared to the channel1.please note:

The Excel Time is shown the internal Excel time format. The digits be-fore the comma show the number of days since January, 1st, 1900. Thedigits after the comma show the fractal part of one day. For examplenoon time means 0.50000 and 6a.m. means 0.2500. Correct date andtime will be shown after import the data into Excel and formating it asdate and time. For displaying the data in Excel the browser addressfrom the text file should be copied for example:

http://192.168.1.40/daten/data0.txt

5 The Software 25

Open a new Excel sheet and insert the data as following: data - externdata - data from web. Insert the copied address, click import and followthe import wizard. The data are imported. Alternative, the data file canbe saved by selecting Save Link As....

5.3.4 FTP

The power user can also use FTP for data transfer. Login name is ftp,password is also ftp The datasets are in /httpd/htdocs/daten. Don’tuse the Internet-Explorer for this. Its is not according to the ftp standard.We recommend Filezilla (free software), wise-ftp or similar programs.

5.4 Plotting the Measurement Data in HTML5

The web interface of the data logger is offering a modern method todisplay the measurement data in a graphical way.

Figure 28: plotting a measurement curve in the Web-Browser

5.4.1 Channel Selection

In the upper area you may see check boxes where you may select thechannels that should be shown. The color of the curves are the samethen the background color of the channel names.

After selecting the required channels, you have to click on the icon withthe two green arrows to reload and draw the data.

5.4.2 Zooming the Y-axis

The FLOT software is trying to find an optimal y-range for the data. Youcan select the range by putting in valid numbers in the min: and max:input fields.

5 The Software 26

5.4.3 Zooming the Time Axis

Please press the left mouse button and move the mouse over the regionof interest in the time range. The background will change to light yellow.If you If release the mouse button again the plot will be refreshed. If youclick on the magnifier icon the whole time range will be shown again.

5.4.4 Insert a Legend

Clicking on the paper-clip icon will open an input field for a text legend,shown in the graph.

5.4.5 Printing the Graph

Firefox: please use the print function of the browser. Select actual framein the in the printing options dialog of the browser to print the graphwithout the menus around.

6 Bibliography 27

6 Bibliography

References

[1] EN 13892-9: “Methods of test for screed materials, Part 9: Deter-mination of shrinkage and swelling” 03/2017.

[2] ASTM C 1581-09a. “Standard Test Method for Determining Age atCracking and Induced Tensile Stress Characteristics of Mortar andConcrete under Restrained Shrinkage” , 2009

[3] ASTM C 827-95a (Reapproved 1997) “Standard Test Method forChange in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens from Ce-mentitious Mixtures”, 1997

[4] Bludau W, “Lichtwellenleiter in Sensorik und optischer Nachrichten-technik”, Springer Berlin 1998

[5] Breitenbücher R, “Zwangsspannungen und Rissbildung infolge Hy-dratationswärme” Dissertation TU München, München, 1989

[6] Bühler E, Zurbriggen R, “Mechanisms of early shrinkage and ex-pansion of fast setting flooring compounds” Tagung Bauchemie,7./8. Oktober 2004 in Erlangen Neubauer J, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F,hrsg. von der GDCh-Fachgruppe Bauchemie, 2004

[7] EN 12617-4:2002, “Products and systems for the protection andrepair of concrete structures. Test methods, Part 4: Determinationof shrinkage and expansion”

[8] Gerstner B, Haltenberger H, Teubert O, Greim M, “Device for mea-suring deformation of mortar in two directions under different tem-perature conditions has sensors for simultaneous measurement ofvertical and horizontal mortar movement” German Paten Applica-tion DE000010123663A1, 2001

[9] Greim M, Teubert O, “Appliance for detecting initial expansionand shrinkage behavior of building materials based on con-tactless measurement of change in filling level of container offresh material specimens until set”, German Patent ApplicationDE000010046284A1, 2000

[10] Ilschner B, Singer RF, "Werkstoffwissenschaften und Fertigung-stechnik: Eigenschaften, Vorgänge, Technologien" Springer Berlin2010

[11] Jensen OM, Hansen PF. “A Dilatometer for Measuring Autoge-neous Deformation in Hardening Portland Cement Paste” Materialsand Structures : Research and Testing. 28:406-409, 1995

[12] Lorenz OK, Schmidt M, “Aufschüsseln schwimmend verlegter Ze-mentestriche”, ibausil, 13. Internationala Baustofftagung Septem-ber 1997, hrsg. Stark J. Band 1, 1997

[13] Lura P, Durand F , Jensen OM, “Autogenous strain of cementpastes with superabsorbent polymers”, International RILEM Con-ference on Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing andMitigation, Jensen OM, Lura P, Kovler K (eds), RILEM PublicationsSARL 2006

[14] Sören Eppers Assessing the autogenous shrinkage crackingpropensity of con crete by means of the restrained ring test DieBewertung der autogenen Schwindrissneigung von Beton mit Hilfedes Ring-Tests

References 28

[15] Sören Eppers, Christoph Müller On the examination of the autoge-nous shrinkage cracking propensity by means of the restrained ringtest with particular consideration of temperature influences

[16] Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald S. Müller, Dipl.-Geol. Dipl.-Min. Astrid Hirsch,Dr.-Ing. Vladislav Kvitsel Institut für Massivbau und Baustofftech-nologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Prof. Dr.-Ing. RolfSilbereisen, Dipl.-Ing. Carsten Becker CEMEX Deutschland AGSchwindarmer Beton ? Entwicklung und Möglichkeiten

[17] Frank Apicella, BASF Corp - Construction Chemicals "Crack-Free"Repair Materials ... Are We There Yet ? Minnesota Concrete Coun-cil

[18] Jae-Heum Moon,Farshad Rajabipour,Brad Pease,and Jason WeissQuantifying the Influence of Specimen Geometry on the Results ofthe Restrained Ring Test Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 3, No.8, Paper ID JAI100436

[19] Henkensiefken et al.2008 CBC Reducing Restrained ShrinkageCracking in Concrete: Examining the Behavior of Self-Curing Con-crete Made using Different Volumes of Saturated Lightweight Ag-gregate

7 Calibration Sheet Laser sensor 29

Figure 29: Calibration plot

7 Calibration Sheet Laser sensor

8 Calibration Sheet Temperature Sensors 30

8 Calibration Sheet Temperature Sensors

8.1 Sensor 1

Temperature 226.1 35.425.34 34.62534 3460

C

8.2 Sensor 2

Temperature 226.4 35.725.34 34.62534 3460

C

List of Figures 31

List of Figures

1 Schleibinger Shrinkage measurement equipment . . . . . 6

2 Shrinkage Drain with Neoprene sheet . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 Connection of T-con module with LVDT sensor . . . . . . 9

4 Wiring the shrinkage drain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5 Accessing the data logger with a symbolic server name. . 10

6 Readout the IP address to the data logger with the pro-gram chiptool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

7 Accessing the data logger with a fix IP address. . . . . . . 11

8 Configuration of PC for a direct connection with data logger. 12

9 Configuration of the data logger for direct connection us-ing program chiptool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

10 Thermocouple type K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

11 combined humidity and temperature sensor . . . . . . . . 14

12 SHT75 sensor used with maximal RH-tolerance at 25 °C(left) and maximal T-tolerance (right) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

13 Mounting the support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

14 Movable anchor (left) and bearing block for fixing movableanchor (right) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

15 Fixing of the movable anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

16 Fixing of LVDT sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

17 Shrinkage drain with the tubes for temperature control . . 17

18 Start screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

19 Main menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

20 System setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

21 Setup of date and time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

22 Measurement values in a numerical format . . . . . . . . 22

23 Offset zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

24 Measurement start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

25 Data reset of single channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

26 Measurement values of single channel as text file . . . . . 24

27 All channels data as text file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

28 plotting a measurement curve in the Web-Browser . . . . 25

29 Calibration plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

schleibinger shrinkage-drain

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