presentation world potato congress 2012
TRANSCRIPT
An overview on potato production and protection in Tunisia
and the possibilities of collaborative projects (bilateral or as
a network)
Nouri Khamassy1 Riadh Ilahy1 and Kalthoum Harbaoui2
1Potato Research Program, National Agricultural Research Institute of
Tunisia
2Genetic and Plant Breeding, Tunisian National Agronomic Institute
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Strategic Crop since 1984
16% of vegetable areas
3 main Season Crops
Seed tubers Value = 40% of Crop Costs
Seed Importation Value = 25 M.$US / year
Problems with Local Certified Seed Production
SOME FACTS
32 Kg / Capita / Year
INTRODUCTION
Sources :
- Imported Seeds :
From E.U ( France, Netherland)
- Local Seeds • Certified seeds (20%)• Non-certified Seeds (80%)
Cultivars : • Spunta (mid early)• Nicola, Obelix, Atlas, Mondial, Liseta…
SEED ORIGINS
MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES Fungal diseases :
•Late blight Phytophtora infestans•Pink Rot Phytophtora erythroseptica •Fusarium dry rots•Black scurf Rhizoctonia solani•Early blight Alternaria solani
Bacterial diseases :•Black leg Erwinia carotovora spp. atroseptica
Virus diseases :•PVY, PVYn and PLRV
Insects :• Tuber moth Phtorimaea operculella and Aphids
ACTUAL POTATO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPEMENT PROGRAMS
Assessment of potato quality diseases and IPM system, A survey of PVY and others viruses (PLRV) in the main production areas
and investigation into insecticide efficacy against aphids. A survey of late blight and IPM approaches to limit its impacts mainly in
the autumnal crops. Biological control of Tuber moth in traditional storage systems. Field performances of new varieties (for exportpro and organic); Field performances of different basic seeds (minitubers....) Cultivation practices on various new potato areas. Climate changes: effects on potato production and protection Seed origin traceability (imported and local seed)
Project 1: Seed multiplication for local market and exportation for Western African Countries
Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jui Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Seed importation
Exportationto
Storage
MSC CC
Seed multiplication cycle Production cycle for consumption
Tunisia
West African Countries
Feb
Europe
Local market
Export toNeighbours countries
LSCexport
Project 2: Seed chain traceability system from the supplier to the farmer.
Traceability procedure
steps
Imported seed lots inspection
Sprouting test per lots
Field screening per lots
NORTH REGION
SOUTH REGION
CENTAL REGION
RadiationRelative Humidity
RadiationRelative Humidity
RadiationRelative Humidity
Project 3: Effects of climatic changes on potato production and protection strategy: simulation and modelling (under various climatic and field conditions)
La pomme de terre en …
European countriesNorth African
countries
1 – One season crop /year
2- Low frequency of climatiic changes
3- Many adapted cultivars
4- High technicity level of farmers
5- High average yield/ha
6- High mécanisation use
7- Complémentarity between production and commercialisation
1- Many seasons crop/year
2- Frequent climatic changes
3- Few adapted cultivars
4- Low farmers technicity
5- Low average yield/ha
6- Low use of crop mecanisation
7- No global strategy for production and commercialisation
A: 11-12
P: 3-6
A: 8-9
P: 6-7
P: 11-12
A: 6-7
Insolation (hours)
A: 13-14
P: 10-11
A: 12-14
P: 8-10
P: 11-12
A: 8-10
Photopériod (hours)
A: 16-20
P: 5-8
A: 8-9
P: 4-8
P: 16-20
A: 4-8
Température minimum
(°C)
A: 24-35
P: 15-18
A: 20-24
P: 12-16
P: 30-35
A: 16-20
Température maximum
(°C)
Spring cropWinter cropAutomnalSeason crop
Climatic parameters
Constraints… climatic changes
During the last years: Irregularity of runfull during (Spring/Summer) Increasing temperature and (CO2??) levels
Fast multiplication of pests Aphids, tuber moth…) Fast multiplication of fungus diseases (Late and early blight …)
High risk of frost / Sirocco / wind
Yield decrease ( acc. clim.)
Project 4: Potato breeding for : Abiotic stresses (heat, salt and water stress ) Biotic stresses (diseases and pests)
- Assolement non respecté Diffusion et transfert des
maladies- Qualité sanitaire des S.L Baisse du rendement- Pluviomètrie élevée Récolte difficile (C.A.S)
Plantation difficile (C.S)
- Diffusion du mildiou Baisse de la productivité- Excès des pesticides Problèmes de traçabilité
(export)
Les contraintes…Culture: Production
Approvisionnement irrégulier des marchésRdt Irrégulier Prix variables
Conséquences:
Dans les zones traditionnelles
Les contraintes…Culture: Production
Les nouvelles zones: - Technicité limitée Rendements
variables (erreurs)- Terres non fertiles Fertilisation
coûteuse- Sécheresse + salinité Contraintes d’irrigation
- Assolement non respecté Diffusion et propagation des maladies
- Rhizoctonia solani Déclassement (export) Approvisionnement
irrégulier des marchésRdt Irrégulier Prix variables
Conséquences:
Les contraintes…Culture: Production
Coût des S.I a passé de 700 à 1400Dt /T en moins de 10 ans
Qualité sanitaire des S.I en baisse diffusion de nouvelles maladies
Exploitation réelle de qlq cultivars seulement du Cat. Nat. (Sp, At)
Extension des emblavures besoin accru en eau d’irrigation
Intrants de la culture plus chers
Risque accru des maladies et ravageurs utilisation excessive de pesticides incidences écologiques négatives
Marché local Dérivés limités (consommation en frais) prix variable (Rdt, interaction des saisons Capacité de stockage limitée (frig.)
Export Taux de déclassment > 30% Productivité limitée des variétés d’export Prix variables + dépendance des prix sur le marché local
Les contraintes…Culture: Commercialisation
La culture de la pomme de terre est coûteuse et technique mais très rentable à condition de :
Complémentarité:- Phases de production + commercialisation- Interventions de l’Etat (subventions…)- Programmes R&D
Spécialisation + Technicité des producteurs ( semences- consommation – transformation- export)
Solutions possibles…
C.S(Bizerte, Siliana , Zaghouan)
C.P et production de S.L (Cap Bon)
C.A.S pour le marché local (Jendouba, Béja)
C.E.P et C.P destinées à l’export(Sousse, Monastir, Littoral Sfax - Médenine)
C.A.S pour l’export et le marché local(Kairouan, Sfax, S.bouzid, Gafsa, Kasserine, Gabès, Médenine)
Spécialisation régionale des zones de production selon les saisons de culture et la destination du produit