PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM ( PNID)

GP206

Leong Kok Seng

Chapter 1Symbols in Pipe Flow Diagram

Introduction to P&IDWhat is PNID?>> Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

• One of the basic plant drawings largely used in oil refining and other process industries.

• The term “piping” means not only “pipe” but fitting, valves, flanges, and other items which form part of the overall piping system.

• Instrumentation is shown by symbols on the flow diagram and piping drawing.

• A circle or oval figures is used to explain the instrumentation type, function and identifying number.

• The circle is commonly called “Balloon” or “bubble”

FIC

205

Instrument Location

Tag Number

Instrument Type (Tag

Prefix)

Calculate how many instrument symbol consist in Process and Instrument Diagram below?

Answer : 19

PNID most important document frequently used by :

• Process operators to familiarize themselves with :

flow schemes process/utility interlock system

control loop identification equipment list check blinding point locations to locate process instrument.

• P&ID is complex due to the frequent advancement of electronics, process computers and instruments which is adapted in the process industries.

• In order to utilize P&ID effectively by operations personnel it is imperative for the operators to continuously update their knowledge in process instruments based on the modern trend in plant process design.

OBJECTIVE: At the end of the session the students will be able to:-

• Naming and identify the symbols of instrument.

• Draw and select the right instrument symbols.

• Explain the function of the instrument symbols.

Symbols in Pipe Flow Diagram

Divide into 5 symbols categories:

Line IndicatorColor code

Instrument Letter

Valve

Equipment

Equipment Categories : 1. Separators2. Storage Vessel3. Process Pressure Vessel4. Material handling equipment5. Dryers6. Processing equipment7. Size reducing equipment8. Furnace and boilers9. Heat transfer10.Pump and compressor11.Drivers

Separators : Device for the separation process of solid/liquid/gas particles into several fractions.

Symbol Name Function

Centrifuge

Particles are separated from a fluid by gravitational forces acting on the particles.

The particles were solid,gas,liquid and the fluid was a liquid or a gas

Drum Settler

To remove the particles from liquid stream so that the fluid is free of particles contaminants.

Cyclone

Settling device in which the outward force on the particles at high tangential velocities is many times the force gravity. For separation of small solid particles or mist from gases.The gas-solid particle mixture enter the cyclone and enter in a rotating motion.Gas and solid will separate because of the forces.

1. Separators :

Symbol Name Function

Open Settling Tank

To remove the particles from liquid stream so that the fluid is free of particles contaminants.

Sedimentation

Electrical Precipitator

To separate solid/liquid mixture

sedimentation

2. Storage Vessel : ______?

Symbol Name Function

Atmospheric tank (cone roof)

An atmospheric tank is a container for holding a liquid at atmospheric pressure.

Cone bottom bin(bulk storage)

-To gain storage and ease of unloading.

-Used for liquid, solid, slurry and silo

is a container, usually for holding liquids, sometimes for compressed gases

Symbol Name Function

Floating roof tank

-a storage tank commonly used to store large quantities of petroleum products such as crude oil or condensate.-roof will floats on the surface of the stored liquid.-roof rises and falls with the liquid level in the tank.-eliminates breathing losses and greatly reduces the evaporative loss of the stored.

Symbol Name Function

Open top bulk storage (non-

pressure)

Use for collection systems, temporary liquid storage or as secondary containment for vertical tanks in indoor or outdoor installations.

Pressure storage(sphere or spheroid)

A pressure vessel is a closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure.

Symbol Name Function

Close top bulk storage (non-

pressure)

Use for collection systems, temporary liquid storage or as secondary containment for vertical tanks in indoor or outdoor installations.

3. Process Pressure Vessel :

Symbols Name Function

Horizontal Drums

-as a storage vessel-handling the material with pressure

Jacketed vessel (partial)

-as a storage vessel-handling the material with high pressure

Vertical Drums

-as a storage vessel-handling the material with pressure

Packeted plate section columns

(tower)

-consist of multi-stage trays in vessel -process in vessel*adsorption,distillation (separate multi components)

To store the material with pressure and at the same time, other process occur in the vessel, example distillation, separation

4. Material Handling Equipment :

Symbol Name Function

Feeder & Hopper

-as temporary storage-to transport material from one unit to another-the material in slurry, liquid, silo, solid (small particles)

Screener

-to filter the material according to the screener size -separation process

Rotary feeder

-to discharge and isolate the material-Used to packaging according to the volume and weight.-Material in powder, crystals, or pellet, granules

An equipment use to handle/transfer the material from other component

Symbols Name Functionmixer -to mix two or more

difference component until it reach homogenous state

Settler -Use to separate the material from unwanted material-The unwanted material will precipitate at the bottom of setler