pioneers in south italy: pithecusae, kyme, poseidonia and lucani
TRANSCRIPT
Pioneers in South Italy:
Pithecusae, Kyme, Poseidonia and Lucani
Dr. Athanasios Sideris
The western adventure
• The “unsettled” Euboeans
– Chalkis, Eretria, Kyme
• The interest of Corinth
– The trade routes
• Delphi and Olympia
– Panhellenic sanctuaries, colonization and
identity
• Under the shadow of Etna and Vesuvius
– Syracuse and Pithecusae
Mycenaean avant-garde
Map of distribu-
tion of the My-
cenaean pottery
Pithecusae islands (Flegrii)
• Pithecusa (Ischia, Aenaria)
Typhoeus
– pithikos/monkey, pithos/storing jar
• Procida, Alcyoneus
– “prokeitai”, “prochyo”, Procida the nurse of Aeneas
• Vivara, Mimas/Mimantas
– vivarium, duce of Bovino, Giovanni Guevara, Celtic
name of arvicola amphibius
Ischia, Procida and Vivara
Procida and Vivara
Castello Aragonese
Neolithic shards and obsidian, middle of the 4th millennium B.C.
Mycenaean shards LH ΙΙΙ, Α & Β (Castiglione)
Pottery of the Apennine culture, ca. 1400 B.C.
Laco Ameno
The role of metalworking
Lead and bronze weight 8,7 gr. (stater)
Euboean vases (kotyle, krater) fromMonte di Vico, 8th century BC.
“Etruscan” amphora and Daunian jar, end of the 8th century BC.
Late Geometric Corinthian pottery and Early Protocorinthian pottery, second half and end of the 8th
century BC.
Finds from a female grave, 725-700 BC.
Scaraboid seals of the “Lyre player”group from Pithecusae and from Eretria
Imported pottery from the Eastern Mediterranean and Italy, and
scarab with cartouche of pharaoh Bocchoris 718-712 BC.
Early Protocorinthian cotyle and aryballos made in Pithecusae by
a Corinthian immigrant potter, about 690 BC.
Local pottery imitating
Euboean and Corinthian
prototypes, and a clay temple model, end of the
8th century BC.
…ΙΜΟΣ ΕΠΟΙΕΣΕ – …imos made me
Nestor’s cup ca. 725 BC
– ΝΕΣΤΟΡΟΣ:...:ΕΥΠΟΤΟΝ:ΠΟΤΕΡΙΟΝΗΟΣ∆ΑΤΟ∆ΕΠΙΕΣΙ:ΠΟΤΕΡΙ..:AΥΤΙΚΑΚΕΝΟΝΗΙΜΕΡΟΣΗΑΙΡΕΣΕΙ:ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΕΦΑΝΟ:ΑΦΡΟ∆ΙΤΕΣ
– Νέστορος [εἰµὶ] εὔποτ[ον] ποτήριο[ν]·ὃς δ’ ἂν τοῦδε π[ίησι] ποτηρί[ου] αὐτίκα κῆνονἵµερ[ος αἱρ]ήσει καλλιστ[εφάν]ου Ἀφροδίτης
– I am the well-drinking cup of Nestor
whoever drinks from this cup he will be immediately
seized by the desire of the beautifully crowned Aphrodite
The beginning of writing, its
transmission and the epos
• The inscription from Osteria dell’ Osa (ca. 775 BC, anc. Gabiae, Romus and Romulus)
• Inscriptions from the temple of Apollo Daphnephoros at Eretria (LG Ι and mostly ΙΙfor Greek and MG Ι-ΙΙ for Semitic)
• Inscriptions on Nestor’s cup from Pithecusaeand on Dipylon oenochoe (Barry Powell)
Shard with Phoenician
inscription from
Pithecusae
Shard from Eretria
with inscription:
ΝΟΣΤΟΠΟΤΕ[ΡΙΟΝ]
Shard of a stamped
pithos
The so-called
krater of the
shipwreck
Female figure from a dinosand clay mule figurines
with a chariot and a horse,
7th century BC.
Giorgio Buchner
Kyme - Cuma
KYME - CUMA
Aeneas passage from Kyme
The North propylon of the defensive walls
Apollo temple
Apollo temple
Apollo temple
Zeus temple, later
dedicated to Jupiter and
finally transformed to a
Christian church,
6th century BC, 1st and
5th century AD.
Parthenope / Neapolis
Poseidonia - Paestum
Hera temple I
Athena temple
Hera temple II
Ekklesiasterion
Basic literature
• Boardman J., The Greeks Overseas. Their Early Colonies and Trade (London 1980)
• Buchner G., Ridgway D., Pithekoussai I. La necropoli (Roma 1993)
• Buchner G., Gialanella C., Museo Archeologico di Pithecusae Isola d'Ischia Roma 1994)
• Caputo P. et al., Cuma e il suo Parco Archeologico. Un territorio e le sue testimonianze (Roma 1996)
• Cipriani M., Longo F. (eds.), Poseidonia e i Lucani (Napoli 1996)
• Dunabin T. J., The Western Greeks. The History of Sicily and South Italy from the Foundation of the Greek Colonies to 480 BC (Oxford 1948)
• Greco E., La Grande-Grèce : Histoire et archéologie (Paris 1996)
• Greco E., Greco G., Pontradolfo A., Da Poseidonia a Paestum (s.l. – s.d., possibly Napoli 2004?)
• Guzzo P. G., Magna Grecia. Les colonies grecques dans l'Italie antique (Paris 1997)
• Ridgway D., The First Western Greeks (Cambridge 1992)
