photonic crystal fiber interfacing

Photonic crystal Fiber interFacing and Fiber laser comPonents catalogue

In partnership with

yamagiwa

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With strong expertise in designing fiber lasers and fused fiber components, ALPhANOV, the Technology Center in Optics and Lasers, entered a partnership with

NKT Photonics for supplying end-treatment solutions to Photonics Crystal Fibers (PCF). Such fiber preparation includes PCF connectors, sealed and cleaved PCF, end-capped PCF and PCF with mode-adaptors. ALPhANOV addresses the whole PCF product line of NKT Photonics, ranging from active double-clad large mode area fibers, such as the DC-200/40-PZ-Yb and rod-type fibers to passive PCF such as hollow-core fibers and nonli-near PCF.

One of ALPhANOV’s main missions is to help companies develop innovative products based on optics and lasers. Introducing PCF often gives a real advantage in terms of performance, compactness and reliability. Through this partnership with NKT Photonics, ALPhANOV can share its expertise with PCF users and helps them reach innovative and efficient solutions faster.

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Contents

4 Hollow-Core PCF interfacing

Ytterbium DC fibers interfacing

6

8

10

12

PCF connectors14

Fiber splicing20

Special termination

24 Pump and signal combiners for active micro-structured fibers

22

Nonlinear PCF interfacing

Large Mode Area PCF interfacing

End-capping

26 Send us your request

27 Multiboard - Build your own laser

4

HOLLOW-CORE FIBERS

5

Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers use a micro-structured cladding region with air holes to guide light in a hollow core.

The photonic bandgap guiding mechanism is fundamentally different from the traditional total internal reflection guiding principle. This new technology provides the basis for high power delivery without nonlinear effects or material damage.

Two different kinds of end-caps available with different diameters and on-demand polished angle:

End-cap with a diameter of 125 µmEnd-cap with a diameter ranging from 125 µm to 400 µm

■ ■

End-cappingFive kinds of connectors are available on HC fibers depending on the power injected in the fiber:

FC/PC or FC/APC connectors can handle up to 500 mW of lossSMA connectors can handle up to 500 mW of lossSMA-1 connectors can handle up to 1 W of lossSMA-4 connectors can handle up to 4 W of lossSMA-6 connectors can handle up to 6 W of loss

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Connectorization

Two different kinds of splices available for HC fibers. The splice depends on fibers’ MFD specification:

Standard splices for fibers with similar MFDMode field adapters for fibers with different MFD

■ ■

All special request on HC fibers can be adressed to ALPhANOV. Our technical team can do feasablity studies or joint development adapted to your needs.

Splices Special termination

Fiber example:

p12

p20

p14

p22

HC-440-02HC-532-02HC-580-02HC-800-02HC-1060-02HC-1550-02HC-19-1550-01HC-2000

Example of splice: HC-1550 with 1550-HP fiber: 1.33dB of losses

6

LARGE MODE AREA FIBERS

7

The wide variety of Large Mode Area Crystal fibers covers a range of fibers for diffraction limited high power delivery.

The very large mode area enables high power levels without nonlinear effects or material damage.

Four different kinds of end-caps available with different diameters and on-demand polished angle:

End-cap with a diameter of 125 µmEnd-cap with a diameter ranging from 125 µm to 400 µmEnd-cap with a diameter ranging from 400 µm to 1.5 mmEnd-cap with a diameter of 5 mm

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End-cappingFive kinds of connectors are available on LMA fibers depending on the power injected in the fiber:


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Connectorization

Two different kinds of splices available for LMA fibers. The splice depends on fibers’ MFD specification:


■ ■

All special request on LMA fibers can be adressed to ALPhANOV. Our technical team can do feasablity studies or joint development adapted to your needs.


p12

p20

p14

p22

Fiber example: LMA-5LMA-8LMA-10ESM-12-01LMA-15LMA-20LMA-25LMA-PM-5LMA-PM-10LMA-PM-15PM1550-01

Example of MFA: DC-200/40-Yb with LMA-8 fiber: 1.14dB of losses

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YTTERBIUM DOPED DOUBLE CLAD FIBERS

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The ytterbium doped double clad fibers offer the largest single-mode cores enabling amplification to

unprecedented power levels while preserving very good mode quality and stability.

Three different kinds of end-caps available with different diameters and on-demand polished angle:

End-cap with a diameter ranging from 125 µm to 400 µmEnd-cap with a diameter ranging from 400 µm to 1.5 mmEnd-cap with a diameter of 5 mm

■ ■ ■

End-cappingA connector has been specifically designed for double clad active fibers. This high power connector allows the user to control the injection through a dedicated aperture.

SMA-AF connectors can handle up to 200 W pump power ■

Connectorization

Two different kinds of splices available for DC fibers. The splice depends on fibers’ MFD specification:


■ ■

All special request on DC fibers can be adressed to ALPhANOV. Our technical team can do feasablity studies or joint development adapted to your needs.


p12

p20

p14

p22

Fiber example: DC-135-14-PM-YbDC-200/40-PZ-Yb

Example of MFA: PLMA-10 fiber to DC-200/40-Yb: 0.54dB of losses

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NONLINEAR FIBER

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Optimized for supercontinuum generation and nonlinear wavelength conversion, our nonlinear

photonic crystal fibers offers a unique combination of tailored dispersion profile and very high nonlinear coefficient.

Two different kinds of end-caps available with different diameters and on-demand polished angle:

End-cap with a diameter of 125 µmEnd-cap with a diameter ranging from 125 µm to 400 µm

■ ■

End-cappingFive kinds of connectors are available on NL fibers depending on the power injected in the fiber:


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Connectorization

Two different kinds of splices available for NL fibers. The splice depends on fibers’ MFD specification:


■ ■

All special request on NL fibers can be adressed to ALPhANOV. Our technical team can do feasablity studies or joint development adapted to your needs.


p12

p20

p14

p22

Fiber example:

NL-1050-NEG-1NL-1050-ZERO-2NL-PM-750SC-3.7-975SC-5.0-1040SC-5.0-1040-PM

Example of splice: HI1060 fiber to SC-5.0-1040: 0.83dB

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END-CAPPING

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5x5 mm end-caps

Specification

Dimensions

End-cap diameter: 5 mmEnd-cap length: 5 mmPolished angle: 5° or 0° with AR@800-1300 nmMaterial: Pure silica

These end-caps are used for high power systems. Their unique geometry allows for a strong bond with the fiber, providing the possibility to attach them easily in a mount

Options

Other AR coating on-demand

• For LMA or DC fiber

• Conical geometry

• Pure silica

• 0° or 5° polished angle with AR coating

for high-power laser beams

Conical end-cap polished at 0° with 800 nm - 1300 nm AR coating

Conical end-cap polished at 5°

5mm

2mm

3mm

1mm 5mm

2mm

3mm

1mm

5°

Small end-caps

S-end-cap

End-cap diameter: 125 µmEnd-cap length: ≤100 µmPolished angle: 0°Material: Pure silica

A small end-cap can be used either to protect the fiber micro-structure from dust and humidity or to decrease the beam fluence at the input or ouput interface without modification of the N.A.

Options available on-demand for all end-caps

Custom polished angle (up to 12°)Custom length AR coating

• For all PCF fibers

• Pure silica

• Different diameters and lengths available

• On-demand polished angle

M-end-cap

End-cap diameter: from 125 µm to 400 µmEnd-cap length: ≤400 µmPolished angle: 0°Material: Pure silica

L-end-cap

End-cap diameter: from 400 µm to 1.5 mmEnd-cap length: ≤1.5 mmPolished angle: 0°Material: Pure silica

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■

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PCF CONNECTORS

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FC/PC connectors

Specification

Dimensions

Standard end-cap diameter: fiber clad diameterStandard end-cap length: <100 µmPower loss limit: 500 mWFerrule type: ceramicFerrule diameter: 2.5 mmPolished angle 0°

Used for low power, the standard FC/PC connector can handle up to 500 mW of loss*

Up to 500 mW of loss

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Options

On-demand end-cap length: On-demand end-cap diameter: PM alignment: Jackets:

■ ■ ■ ■

from 20 µm - 400 µmfrom fiber size to 400 µmfast or slow axis900 µm hytrel3 mm PVCSteel jackets

• For HC, NL or LMA PCF fibers

• End-capping included

• PM alignment

• On-demand end-cap length

6.10

35

6.10

35

FC/APC connectors

Specification

Dimensions

Standard end-cap diameter: fiber clad diameterStandard end-cap length: <100 µmPower loss limit: 500 mWFerrule type: ceramicFerrule diameter: 2.5 mmPolished angle 8°

Used for low power, the standard FC/APC connector can handle up to 500 mW of loss* and has an 8° polished angle


■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Options

On-demand end-cap length: On-demand end-cap diameter: PM alignment: Jackets:

■ ■ ■ ■

from 20 µm - 400 µmfrom fiber size to 400 µmfast or slow axis900 µm hytrel3 mm PVCSteel jackets



• PM alignment

• On-demand end-cap length

6.10

35

6.10

35

*Coupling efficiency in the fiber has to be good enough to avoid losses higher than what is specified. If the user has a 2W beam to inject in the fiber, the coupling efficiency must be better than 75% in order to have a maximum loss of 500 mW in this connector

16

60

7.67

60

7.67

SMA connectors

Specification

Dimensions

Standard end-cap diameter: fiber clad diameterStandard end-cap length: <100 µmPower loss limit: 500 mWFerrule type: metallicFerrule diameter: 3.2 mm

Used for low power, the standard SMA connector can handle up to 500 mW of loss*


Options

On-demand end-cap length: On-demand end-cap diameter: PM tracking: On-demand polished angle: Jackets:

from 20 µm - 400 µmfrom fiber size to 400 µmfast or slow axis0-12°900 µm hytrel3 mm PVCSteel jackets



• PM tracking

• On-demand polished angle and end-cap length

7.50

25

7.50

25

SMA-1 connectors

Specification

Dimensions

Standard end-cap diameter: fiber clad diameterStandard end-cap length: <100 µmPower loss limit: 1 WFerrule type: metallicFerrule diameter: 3.2 mm

The SMA-X connector Series has been specifically designed for high powers. The SMA-1 includes a mode stripper which can handle up to 1 W average power of loss without any cooling system*

Up to 1 W of loss

Options


from 20 µm - 1.5 mmfrom fiber size to 1.5 mmfast or slow axis0-12° +/-1Steel jackets



• Mode stripper included

• PM tracking

• On-demand polished angle, end-cap length and end-cap diameter

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

*Coupling efficiency in the fiber has to be good enough to avoid losses higher than what is specified. If the user has a 4 W beam to inject in the fiber, the coupling efficiency must be better than 75% in order to have a maximum loss of 1 W in this connector

*Coupling efficiency in the fiber has to be good enough to avoid losses higher than what is specified. If the user has a 2 W beam to inject in the fiber, the coupling efficiency must be better than 75% in order to have a maximum loss of 500 mW in this connector

17

50

8.20

50

8.20

SMA-2 connectors

Specification

Dimensions


Up to 2 W of loss

Options



8.20

50

8.20

50

SMA-AF connectors

Specification

Dimensions

Standard end-cap diameter: fiber clad diameterStandard end-cap length: <100 µmPump power limit: 200 WFerrule type: metallicFerrule diameter: 3.2 mm

Specifically designed for active PCF fibers, the SMA-AF connector includes an aperture for easier injection of the pump and a mode stripper which can handle up to 200W average pump power

For active fibers

Options



• For active double clad fibers

• Aperture to control the injection



• PM tracking





• PM tracking


The SMA-X connector Series has been specifically designed for high powers. The SMA-2 includes a mode stripper which can handle up to 2 W average power of loss without any cooling system*

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■


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89.50

13 89.50

13

SMA-6 connectors

Specification

Dimensions


Up to 6 W of loss

Options

On-demand end-cap length: On-demand end-cap diameter: PM alignment: On-demand polished angle: Jackets:





• PM tracking


The largest connector of the SMA-X Series, the SMA-6 connector includes a mode stripper which can handle up to 6 W average power of loss without any cooling system*

Jackets

Hytrel 900 µm jacket

Steel jackets

Different kinds of jackets can be proposed in option to protect your fibers depending on the power. We provide jackets for fiber length ranging from 0.5 m up to 30 m.

3 mm PVC jacket

To protect your fibers

The Hytrel 900 µm jacket is the smaller jacket available for PCF fiber. It can only be used for low power, typically below 1 W ave-rage power injected

Adapted for high-power, steel jackets are available for all connectors. These jackets are implemented as depicted in the figure delow:

The 3 mm PVC jacket is used to protect the fiber up to 3 W average power injected.

Connector Connector3mm steel jacket 3mm steel jacket6mm steel jacket

• Available for all kinds of fibers

• Up to 30 m

• Different materials available

• Different diameters available

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■ ■


20

FIBER SPLICING

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Standard splices

Best effort splices

Options

Optimized splices

Mode field adapter

Dimensions

The mode field adapter (MFA) is a component that reduces connection loss between fibers with different mode field diameters. The most extreme MFA from our standard product range connects 6 µm and 40 µm core fibers

Options

JacketConnectors Mode stripper Other fiber core diameter on-demand

• For fiber with different MFD

• Up to 40 µm fiber core size

• PM alignment

• All kinds of PCF fibers

• PCF-to-PCF or PCF-to-standard fiber

• PM alignment

Different kinds of splices can be proposed: PCF-to-PCF splices or PCF-to-Standard fiber

Each splice is different and ALPhANOV cannot guarantee a specific loss. Nevertheless this kind of splicing job is done on a best effort.

ALPhANOV offers you the possibility to optimize any kind of splice. Losses are not gua-ranteed, but through a short feasibility study, we are able to develop a specific process to minimize them.

JacketConnectors Mode stripper

20

75

Optimized signal transmissionImproved stabilityImproved efficiency in fiber lasers

Benefit of MFA component:

■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■

Principle of a MFA

Fiber 1 with small MFD

Fiber 2 with bigger MFD

22

SPECIAL TERMINATION

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As a technology center, ALPhANOV is able to address special requests on PCF interfacing through feasibility studies or developments

GRIN lenses

Ball lenses

Tapering

High-precision connectors

Termination of special fibers

Grin lenses on PCF

Ball lens on PCF

■

■

■

■

■

Special splices

Example: By splicing a ball lens at the end of a Kagome fiber with 15 µm core size, we obtained a spot size of 7 µm at a focal distance of 500 µm.

ALPhANOV has developed a process to splice and control Grin Lenses for micro-structured fibers. The behavior of the lens can be simulated ; the focal length and the beam waist can be controlled.

Example: Spot size of 20 µm at a distance of 150 µm starting from a non-linear fiber.

ALPhANOV’s expertise allows us to taper micro-structured fibers without collapsing the air holes, in order to maintain the ratio of the structure inside the fiber during the tapering process.

Example: Tapering of a ROD fiber: reduction of the outer diameter of a ROD fiber from 1 mm to 600 µm without any loss.

ALPhANOV offers high-precision connectors controlling the angle, the end-cap length, the divergence, the fiber position in the ferrule. We have a wide range of equipment, such as interferometer, microscope, profilometer to measure and guarantee our components.

Example: High-precision end-cap with a length of 130 µm +/-5 µm, angle of 8° +/-0.2° mounted in a ferrule with a position at +/-5µm .

ALPhANOV developed a world-renowned expertise in the handling of micro-structured fibers. Our expertise on such fibers allows us to adapt our manufacturing processes to provide a cost effective solution.

Examples : Splice of 40/200 fiber to Kagome fiber with < 0.7 dB loss.

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SPECIAL PUMP AND SIGNAL COMBINER For active microstructured Fibers

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Efficiency > 73%

-20

30

80

130

180

230

0 100 200 300 400

Aver

age

outp

ut p

ower

(W

)

Pump power (W)

DC 40/200-PZ-Yb

Signal

Pump

Combiner End-cap

Amplifier efficiency up to 200W

ALPhANOV offers solutions to build fully monolithic high performance fiber amplifiers based on active micro-structured fibers

Number of pump fibers

Pump fibers core diameter

Max pump power

Typical pump loss

Fiber ending (connectors, end-caps...)

Pump stripper

Integration

Possibility of contra-propagative waves with micro-optics

Option

Pump specification

Fiber type : DC 40/200 fiber (other active fiber on request)

Input fibers : 15 µm core

Input signal ~2 W; 40 MHz; 100 ps

Output signal : up to 200 W

Example

■ ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■

■ ■ ■ ■

Fiber type available

Typical insertion loss

Regime

Signal specification

■ ■ ■

2 or 6

105 µm N.A. 0.15 or 0.22

50 W per port

<0.5 dB

PM980, PLMA10, PLMA15

<1.5 dB

Pulsed or CW

Fiber type

Typical efficiency

Output specification

■ ■

Ytterbium doped DC fiber

>70%

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Fiber referenceFiber lengthQuantitiesDo you provide the fiber or not?

Fiber:

What termination would you like to have at each end of the fiber? What are the options that you need?Do you need a jacket around the fiber?

Treatment:

What average power will be injected in the fiber?What are the repetition rate, the wavelength and the pulse duration injected in the fiber?What is your application?

Condition of use:

Contact us and send us your [email protected]

In order to best answer your requests, here are the information we need to know:

27

[email protected]

MULTIBOARDbuild your own laser The ‘MultiBoard’ solution is a set of electronic cards dedicated to control various fiber lasers architectures. Thanks to its modularity, the ‘MultiBoard’ series gives fiber lasers the ability to reach a wide range of features: CW or pulsed, Q–switched or mode-locked operation, multistage MOPA, pulse-on-demand...

CENTRAL ELECTRONIC BOARD

• Drive two single-mode laser diodes

• Drive six photodiodes

• More than 20 innovations

• USB interface

The Central Electronic Board allows to control up to two single-mode butterfly laser diodes, six photodiodes and several other external devices. It provides a simple way to control On/Off/Security stages of complex multistage fiber lasers. Its performance have been optimized to be compatible with fiber lasers constraints in term of noise, precision, response time, interlock, etc. It is the central element of ALPhANOV Multiboard series which includes more than 20 innovations and make fiber laser developments very efficient

Key features

Drives several optoelectronics elements independently or simultaneously:

■ 1 Butterfly laser diode in CW regime up to 1.5Amp with very low noise floor

■ 1 Butterfly laser diode for pulsing 1 nsec to CW with internal pulse duration and repetition rate adjustments

■ 2 Photodiodes to measure CW optical power with high precision

■ 1 Photodiode to measure the repetition rate of an optical signal

■ 2 Photodiodes to measure the average optical power of a pulsed signal

■ 1 Photodiode to measure the optical back reflected power in CW or pulse regime

20 different alarms with potential interlock effects

Special pump pulse regimes for low repetition rate or pulse-on-demand needs

Special interconnections with ALPhANOV Multiboard Series to allow complete integration of complex fiber laser architectures (MOPA, Mode-locked, Q-Switch, etc.)

Smart control (USB interface to drive simultaneously several modules from ALPhANOV’s laser electronics series)

Electronic

RMS noise = 0.027% (100Hz to 10MHz)

Central Electronic Board Min Max

Laser diode 1 (CW)

Current 0 1500mA

Noise level(laser diode dependant)

- 0.03% rms

Adjustement precision - 0.5mA

Current stability - 0.01%

T° stability - 10mK

Laser diode 2 (CW or pulsed)

Current (pulse regime) 0 3500mA

Current (CW regime) 0 500mA

Pulse duration 1nsec CW

Pulse jitter - 10psec

Pulse repetition rate any to CW 250MHz

Alarms/interlock response time - 2µsecSubject to change without notice

■

■

■

■

■

Mechanical

29

PULSE PICKER SYNCHRONIZATION BOARD

• Drive an acousto-optics device

• Up to 200MHz laser pulse-in repetition rate

• Up to 20MHz laser pulse-out repetition rate

• USB interface

The Pulse-Picker Synchronization (PPS) electronic board allows controlling an acousto-optic device for picking laser pulses within a high-repetition rate pulse train. Compatible with most acousto-optic drivers (Gooch & Housego, A&A, etc.), the PPS Electronic Module can generate low jitter pulse trains in Hz, kHz or MHz regime from a high repetition rate initial laser signal (up to 200MHz)

Key features

Optimized for Acousto-Optics drivers with 0-1V or 0-5V inputs

Laser Pulse-In repetition rate up to 200MHz

Laser Pulse-Out repetition rate up to 20MHz

Compatible with any pulse duration (fsec/psec/nsec etc.)

“Divider” mode with ultra-low jitter

“Synchro” mode with internal or external synchronization signal

“Generator” mode to use it as an electrical pulse generator

“Burst shaping” mode to generate optical pulse bursts with relative power preshaping


■

■

■

■

■

■

■

■

■

Electronic

PPS Board Min Max

Laser Pulse-In repetition rate 1kHz 200MHz

Laser Pulse-Out repetition rate 1Hz 20MHz

Temporal Gate Delay 80nsec 1sec

Temporal Gate Width 2nsec 1sec

Temporal Gate steps (Delay and Width) 2nsecSubject to change without notice

Programmable analog output for laser burst shaping

Trigger

Ext / Int Synchro

Adj. Width

Adjustable Delay

Pulse-IN

Pulse-OUT

Optical Pulse-OUT

General principle

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 200 400 600 800 1 000

Jitte

r (ns

ec)

Delay (nsec)

Mechanical

30

MULTIMODE COOL & CONTROL MODULE

• For multiple element laser diodes

• Up to 25V-17Amps

• Up to 120W - CW

• Extremely low noise

• USB interface

The Multimode Cool & Control (CC-M) module allows to control external single or multiple element laser diodes up to 25V-17 Amps. Several laser diodes can be mounted in series on a single module. The laser diodes can be stabilized in either ACC (Automatic Current Control) or APC (Automatic Power Control using an external photodiode signal)

Key features

Drives laser diodes up to 25V-17A

Ultra-stable laser power for short and long term operation

Compatible with any type of multimode fiber coupled multiple element laser diodes

Up to 120W CW power with new generation laser diodes

Max modulation frequency : up to 500kHz

Highly efficient (>80% from plug)


■

■

■

■

■

■

■

CC-M Module Min Max

Output current 0A 17A

Output voltage (depends on diodes) 0V 25V

Laser diode package temp. regulation 20 °C 40°C

Low power adjustment precision 0.05A

Laser power stability <0.05%

Max modulation rate 500kHz

Compatibility Windows XP/Windows 7

Interface USB

Power supply 24V or 28V

Subject to change without notice

Electronic and Optical

Ultra-stable laser powerRise timeExtremely low noise

RIN<RMS>

(100Hz-10MHz)=0.022

Mechanical

31

SINGLE-MODE COOL & CONTROL MODULE

• For SM butterfly laser diodes

• Up to 3.5A

• On-demand pulses (nsec to CW)

• Up to 250MHz

• USB interface

From single-shot to CW, with pulse lengths from 100’s of psec to any required pulse burst configuration, the Single-Mode Cool & Control module (CC-S) pulses are generated internally or on-demand from a LVTTL signal with ~500psec rise time and up to 0.5 Amps CW current and 3.5 Amps peak current in the nsec range

Key features

Compatible with standard butterfly laser diodes

Pulses-on-demand from nsec range (psec available on-demand) to CW, from single shot to any burst configuration by TTL/LVTTL command

Up to 250MHz repetition rate

Down to 500psec rise time

Up to 3.5A peak current (10A on-demand)

USB, manual & analog (0-5V) signal peak power adjustment


■

■

■

■

■

■

■

Electronic and optical

CC-S Module Min Max (Standard version)

Max (High-current version)

Output current - CW regime 0A 500mA

Output current - pulse regime 0A 3.5A 10A

Output voltage 0V 4.8V 5V*

Laser diode package T° regulation 20°C 50°C

External pulse duration adjustment 1ns** CW

Internal pulse duration adjustment 1ns** 1.2µs

Internal pulse duration adjustment precision 10psec

Optical pulse jitter Max 8ps

Internal repetition rate adjustment 1Hz 250MHz

Compatibility Windows XP/Windows 7

Interface USB

Power supply 12V (220V/110V adapter included)

*12V available on-demand**150psec achievable in special configuration

Subject to change without notice

Burst modeVery short pulses, down to 150psec

CC-S version CC-S Integrated version

Mechanical

ALPhANOVInstitut d’optique d’AquitaineRue François Mitterrand 33400 Talence - France

Tél. : +33 (0)5 24 54 52 [email protected]

www.alphanov.com

Photos : ALPhANOV, NKT photonics

In partnership with

photonic crystal fiber interfacing

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