morgan macdonald - mote oo

Morgan Macdonald | Aung Zaw Myo

Mote Oo Education

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Mote Oo Education


Mote Oo Education

- ii -

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- iii -

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rwljcm;em;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;pGmjzifh tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/

- iv -


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aemufqkH; okawoe pDrHudef;wpfck aqmif&Gufjcif;

pmtkyf\ tqkH;wGif aemufqkH; okawoe pDrHudef;wpfck

yg&Sdonf/ ¤if;pDrHudef;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;u pmtkyf

wpftkyfvkH;rS oif,lavhvmcJhonfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh

uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk okawoevkyfief;pOf\ tqifhrsm;wGif

vufawGU tokH;jyKoGm;&rnf/

ausmif;om;rsm;u oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef; 16 ckxJrS

wlnDaom okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifonf

odkYr[kwf topfwpfckudk a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ qE´&Sdygu

þpDrHudef;udk okawoe uRrf;usifrIrsm; twef;\aemufqkH;

qef;ppfavhvmcsufwpfcktjzpf tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/

ausmif;om;rsm;u vkyfaqmifNyD;oGm;onfhtcgwGif ¤if;wdkY\

aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk trSwfay;&efqE´&Sdygu oifhtm;

ulnDay;&eftwGuf q&mvufpGJpmtkyfxJrS aemufqkH;

pmrsufESmwGif tBuHjyKxm;aom trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;Z,m;

wpfck xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/

&if;jrpfrsm;

þpmtkyfudk a&;om;&mwGif tokH;jyKcJhonfh t"du&if;jrpfrsm;

pm&if;wpfckudk pkaygif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ¤if;pm&if;udk

ausmif;om;vufpGJpmtkyf\ pmrsufESm 153 wGif Munfh½IEdkif

ygonf/


- v -

Get Ready to Teach

- vi -



- 5 -

tcef; 1 -

okawoe rdwfquf


- 6 -

1.1 okawoeqdkonfrSm

tb,fenf;

rSwfcsuf/ / vlrIa&;odyÜHudk obm0odyÜHESifh rMumcP

cGJjcm;xm;Muonf/

• obm0odyÜH\ oabmw&m;onf urÇmajr\

½kyfydkif;qdkif&mESifh ¤if;\vnfywfykHwdkYudk t"duxm;

avhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ obm0odyÜHwGif ½lyaA'?

ZD0aA'ESifh "mwkaA'wdkYyg0ifonf/ obm0odyÜH

okawoewGif urÇmBuD;vnfywfrIykHpHudk

em;vnf&ef twGuf apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;ESifh

vufawGUprf;oyfjcif; (xyfjyefwvJvJ vkyfaqmifonfh

prf;oyfrIwdkYudk t"duxm;onf) wdkY yg0ifonf/ Oyrm

- ZD0aA'u@wGif xyfjyefwvJvJvkyfaqmifonfh

prf;oyfrIrsm;rSwpfqifh q&m0efrsm;u iSufzsm;a&m*g

uJhodkYaom zsm;emrIrsm;udk xda&mufpGmukoEdkifonfh

aq;0g;rsm;udk azmfxkwfEdkifonf/

• vlrIa&;odyÜHu vlYtodkuft0ef;ESifh ¤if;\

vnfywfonfhykHpHudk em;vnf&ef BudK;pm;ygonf/

vlrIa&;odyÜHacgif;pOfrsm;wGif pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&;?

yx0DESifh vlrIaA'wdkYyg0ifMuonf/ þpmtkyfonf

vlrIa&;odyÜHacgif;pOfrsm;taMumif; okawoejyKpkonfh

vlrIokawoeudk t"duxm;a&;om;xm;ygonf/

vlrIokawoDrsm;onf vlYtodkuft0ef;twGif;

jzpfysufaeonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

em;vnfEdkif&eftwGuf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;

aumuf,l&mwGif ykHrSeftm;jzifh prf;oyfrIrsm;

rjyKvkyfMubJ ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif; odkYr[kwf

vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm; tp&Sdonfh tjcm;aom

enf;vrf;rsm;udk tpm;xdk;tokH;jyKMuonf/

þpmtkyfwGif okawoeqdkonfh pum;vkH;udk

vlrIokawoetm; txl;jyK&nfnTef;okH;pGJxm;ygonf/

tBudKavhvmcsuf

• ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\

tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/

jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;

1/ - uREfkyfwdkYab;ywf0ef;usif&Sd

urÇmhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ydkrdkod&Sdvm&eftwGuf

&SmazGjcif;/

- vlom;rsm;udk ulnDay;&eftwGuf enf;ynm?

tawG;tac:rsm; odkYr[kwf aq;0g;topfrsm;

zefwD;azmfxkwf&ef/

- vlrsm;\ pdwful;tjrifrsm;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm;

taMumif; ydkrdk&SmazGazmfxkwf&ef/

vkyfief;pOf - owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &,ljcif;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYonf a'ocHuav;i,frsm;

twGuf ½kH;ydwf&ufrsm;wGif t*Fvdyfpmoifwef;rsm;

ydkYcsay;oGm;&ef pDpOfaeonf[k pdwful;Munfhyg/

¤if;wdkY\ oifwef;onf tqdkyg vlrItzGJUtpnf;\

vdktyfcsufESifh udkufnDrI&SdapvdkMuonf/

1/ wpfOD;csif;taejzifh ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDudk trsdK;tpm;

cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

i. (u)? (C)

ii. (c)

iii. (*)

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u trsdK;tpm;

wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf tjcm;aom ar;cGef;rsm; pm&if;jyK

a&;oGif;&rnf/


(i) - tjcm;ausmif;rsm;wGif rnfonfhbmom&yfrsm;udk

oifMum;ydkYcsMuoenf;/

- tjcm;ausmif;rsm;onf rnfonfhjyóemrsm;udk

&ifqdkifMu&oenf;/

- tjcm;ausmif;rsm;wGif rnfonfh&if;jrpfrsm; &SdMuyg

oenf;/

(ii) - a'ocHrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ aeYpOfb0wGif rnfonfh

t*Fvdyfpm uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk tokH;jyKMuygoenf;/

- ausmif;om;rsm;onf t*Fvdyfpmudk tb,faMumifh

oif,lvdkMuoenf;/

- a'ocHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf rnfonfh oifMum;rI

ykHpHonf taumif;qkH;jzpfygoenf;/

(iii) - oifwef;pwifzGifhvSpf&eftwGuf rnfrQukefusEdkif

oenf;/

- oifwef;aMu; aumufcHoifhygovm; odkYr[kwf

tcrJh ydkYcsay;oGm;oifhygovm;/

- rnfonfh taqmufttkHrsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifyg

oenf;/

- rnfonfh q&m^rrsm;udk &&SdEdkifygoenf;/

- ac:,l&&SdEdkifonfh q&m^rrsm;\ uRrf;usif

wwfajrmufrIrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/ rnfodkYaom

oifwef;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkYvdktyfEdkifrnfenf;/


- 7 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;rS xkwfjyefcsufrsm;udk rSef^rSm;

qkH;jzwf&rnf/

• rSm;aeygu rSefuefonfh xkwfjyefcsufwpfckudk

a&;om;&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ rSefonf

2/ rSm;onf - vlrIokawoeonf vlrsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;

ESifh vlYtodkuft0ef;wdkYtay: t"duxm;onf/

3/ rSm;onf - okawoDrsm;u owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk

aumuf,lpkaqmif;NyD; ¤if;wdkYudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmí ed*kH;csKyf

aumufcsufrsm; csrSwfMuonf/

4/ rSefonf/

vkyfief;pOf - tokH;0ifaom tajzrsm;

• ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;zGJUíjzpfap

ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoewpfckcsif;pD\

&v'frsm;wGif pdwf0ifpm;rI&SdEdkifonfh tpktzGJUrsm;udk

pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/


1/ um;xkwfvkyfa&mif;csolrsm;ESifh o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;

0efBuD;Xme/

2/ usef;rma&;ynm&Sifrsm;? tpdk;&? &efukefNrdKUcHrsm;?

obm0ywf0ef;usifta&; aqmif&Gufolrsm;/

3/ q&mrsm;? ausmif;tkyfrsm;? rdbrsm;? ynma&;0efBuD;Xme?

uav;oli,fyHhydk;ulnDa&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;/

rSwfcsuf/ / ]ausmif;jyifyuav;i,frsm;} qdkonfrSm

ausmif;ae&G,fuav;rsm;jzpfaomfvnf; rdom;pkrS

raxmufyHhay;Edkifívnf;aumif;? tvkyfvkyf&í

vnf;aumif; odkYr[kwf rdom;pk0ifrsm;r&Sdívnf;aumif;

tp&Sdojzifh ausmif;rwufa&mufEdkifaom uav;rsm;udk

&nfnTef;ygonf/

vkyfief;pOf - acgif;pOfrsm;ESifh ar;cGef;rsm;

1/ tzGJUi,frsm; odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf

¤if;wdkYodxm;onfh okawoe - a'wm? udef;*Pef;

tcsuftvuf? tpD&ifcHpm tp&Sdojzifh pOf;pm;&rnf/

2/ ¤if;wdkYu acgif;pOfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom

okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/


(u) - ,mOfrawmfwqrIrsm;\ t"dutaMumif;&if;rsm;rSm

tb,fenf;/

- ,mOfarmif;&ef tEÅ&m,ft&SdqkH;ae&mrsm;rSm

tb,fenf;/

(c) - avxknpfnrf;rI\ taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh

ywfoufNyD; rnfonfht&mrsm;udk vlrsm;u

od&Sdxm;Muoenf;/

- avxknpfnrf;rIonf rnfonfhae&mwGif

tBuD;rm;qkH; jyóemjzpfygoenf;/

(*) - uav;rsm;onf tb,faMumifh ausmif;xGufMu

oenf;/

- ausmif;xGufjcif;aMumifh tvkyftudkif

tcGifhtvrf;rsm;wGif rnfodkYaom oufa&mufrIrsm;

&Sdygoenf;/

- uav;rsm;udk ausmif;qufwufatmif wdkufwGef;rI

ay;&ef taumif;qkH;enf;vrf;rSm tb,fenf;/


- 8 -

1.2 okawoe vkyfief;pOf

tBudKavhvmcsuf




- ar;cGef;rsm;

- tawG;tac:rsm;

- jyóemrsm;

- ajz&Sif;csufrsm;

vkyfief;pOf - okawoetqifhESifh "mwfyHkudk wGJay;yg

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykH (u-C) rsm;udk txufwGif

azmfjyxm;aom okawoe vkyfief;pOftqifh 1-4

wdkYjzifh wGJpyfyg/ tcsdKU"mwfykHrsm;onf wpfckxufydkaom

tqifhrsm;jzifh wGJpyfEdkifygonf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh tajzrsm;udk &Sif;jyyg/


(u) tqifh 1 - vlwpfpku ar;cGef;wpfckudk

acgif;qdkifwdkifyif aqG;aEG;aeonfhykH/

- tqifh 2 - okawoDwpfOD;u vlwpfpkxHrS

a'wmrsm; aumuf,lpkaqmif;aeonfhykH/

(c) tqifh 4 - okawoDwpfOD;u ¤if;\ &v'frsm;udk

zvS,frQa0aeonfhykH/

- tqifh 3 - okawoDwpfOD;u a'wmrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfaeonfhykH/

(*) tqifh 2 - okawoDwpfOD;u a'wmrsm;

aumuf,lpkaqmif;aeonfhykH/

(C) tqifh 2 - okawoDwpfOD;u a'wmrsm;

aumuf,lpkaqmif;aeonfhykH/

- tqifh 3 - okawoDwpfOD;u a'wmrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfaeonfhykH/


- 9 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf

• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½Iyg/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufxJwGif

azmfjyxm;aom okawoevkyfief;pOfrsm;xJrS

tqifhrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfyg/

tajzrsm;

tqifh 1 - okawoear;cGef;rsm; pOf;pm;zefwD;yg/ -

]jrefrmh0,f,lokH;pGJolrsm;\ tavhtxajymif;vJrIrSm

tb,fenf;/}

tqifh 2 - wdusaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk

&SmazGyg/ - okawoeudk &efukef? rEÅav;ESifh

aejynfawmf ponfh NrdKUBuD;okH;NrdKUwGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/

tqifh 3 - owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD;

ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufcsyg/ - ausmif;om;rsm;u

jynfolrsm;0,f,lonfh ukefypönf;trsdK;tpm;rsm;ESifh

¤if;wdkYudk 0,f,l&onfh taMumif;&if;rsm;udk cGJjcrf;

azmfxkwfyg (cGJjcrf;pdppfyg)/ jrefrmjynfolrsm;onf

r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfonfht&mrsm; r[kwfaom yef;uef

aq;&nf? Murf;jyifoefY&Sif;a&;t&nfrsm;? t0wftxnf

aysmhajymif;aq;&nf? qHyifaysmhajymif;aq;ESifh

a&csdK;qyfjymqD ponfh ukefypönf;rsm;udk

ydkrdk0,f,lokH;pGJMuaMumif; awGU&SdcJhonf (ed*kH;csKyf

aumufcsufcsonf)/

tqifh 4 - &v'frsm;udk zvS,frQa0yg/ - &v'frsm;udk

tpD&ifcHpmwpfapmifwGif xnfhoGif;a&;om;azmfjycJhonf/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

aqG;aEG;Muonf/


(u) - pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfck pwifvdkaMumif; vlrsm;udk

today;&mwGif taxmuftuljyK&ef/

- topfjyKpkrnfh okawoersm;twGuf

0,f,lpm;okH;ol tavhtxrsm;udk avhvm&ef

today;&mwGif taxmuftuljyKap&ef/

- pD;yGm;a&;topfrsm;udk rnfodkYwdkufwGef;tm;ay;&rnf

jzpfaMumif; tpdk;&udk today;&mwGif

taxmuftuljyKap&ef/

- jrefrmjynfwGif a&mif;csaeaom (odkYr[kwf a&mif;cs

vdkaom) pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHtwGif;&Sd

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; tcGifhtvrf;rsm;taMumif;

today;&mwGif taxmuftuljyKap&ef/

- jrefrmjynfolrsm;\ 0,f,lokH;pGJrI tavhtx

ajymif;vJrItaMumif; tpdk;&xHtBuHjyK&ef/


- 10 -

rSwfcsuf/ / okawoepDrHudef;wpfckwGif okawoe

ar;cGef;wpfck (odkY) wpfckxufydkaom ar;cGef;rsm;

&SdEdkifygonf/ ar;cGef;ta&twGufonf okawoejyKpk

&SmazGvdkonfh taMumif;t&may: rlwnfygonf/

a,bk,stm;jzifh okawoear;cGef; tenf;i,fom

owfrSwfxm;jcif;u ydkaumif;ygonf/ 5 ckxufydkaom

ar;cGef;rsm;onf okawoeudk NyD;qkH;atmif

aqmif&Guf&mwGif tcufawGUapygonf/


- 11 -


- 12 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoevkyfief;pOfrS vkyfief;rsm;

(u-C) wdkYudk zwf½Iyg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfonfhvkyfief;rsm;onf

okawoevkyfief;pOfrS rnfonfhtqifhrsm; (1-4) ESifh

wGJpyfEdkifaMumif; qkH;jzwfyg/

tajzrsm;

(u) tqifh 4 - &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk zvS,frQa0yg/

(c) tqifh 2 - wdusaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk

&SmazGyg/

(*) tqifh 1 - okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk

pOf;pm;zefwD;yg/

(C) tqifh 3 - owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD; ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufcsyg/


- 13 -

vkyfief;pOf - okawoe vkyfief;pOftm;

vdkufemaqmif&Gufjcif;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfrsm;udk zwf½Iyg/

• tzGJUi,frsm; odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh rnfonfh

tajctaejyjzpf&yfonf okawoevkyfief;pOfudk

vdkufemusifhokH;rI r&SdaMumif;ESifh tb,faMumifh

jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwfyg/

tajz

2/ ]w½kwfEdkifiHtay: jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;\

tjrifoabmxm; - trsdK;om;tqifh avhvmcsuf}

okawoevkyfief;pOfudk vdkufemrIr&Sdyg/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ¤if;avhvmcsufwGif tqifh 3

(owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD; ed*kH;csKyf

aumufcsufcsyg) udk vkyfaqmifjcif; r&SdonfhtwGuf

jzpfonf/

aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/


2/ cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm&ef (tokH;0ifaom

owif;tcsuftvufrsm;) tcsuftvufrsm;

&&Sdvdrfhrnf r[kwfonfhtwGuf okawoeudk aumif;pGm

vkyfaqmifEdkifvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/

3/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&SdEdkifrnfjzpfaomfvnf;

¤if;wdkYudk cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif; odkYr[kwf tESpfcsKyfa&;om;jcif;

&&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfay/ ¤if;tcsuftvufrsm;onf

oifokawoejyKpkaeaom taMumif;t&mudk vltrsm;

em;vnfvmap&ef taxmuftuljyKEdkifvdrfhrnf

r[kwfay/

4/ vltrsm;u oif\ okawoeudk od&Sdrnfr[kwfonfh

twGuf ¤if;okawoeaMumifh em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;

wdk;wufvmrnf r[kwfay odkYr[kwf

tjyKoabmaqmifaom oufa&mufrI &Sdvmapvdrfhrnf

r[kwfay/


- 14 -

1.3 okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;

pOf;pm;azmfxkwfjcif;

tBudKavhvmcsuf

• ar;cGef;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;\ tjrifrsm;udk

oifykef;ay:wGif a&;csyg/


- ta&;BuD;qkH; udpö&yfrsm;taMumif; tjcm;vlrsm;ESifh

ajymqdkyg/

- oif\acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufonfh pmtkyfrsm;?

0ufbfqdk'frsm;ESifh tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;udk

zwf½Iyg/

- jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom ar;cGef;rsm; pOf;pm;azmfxkwfyg/

vkyfief;pOf - oif\ okawoe vkyfaqmifcsuftay:

vTrf;rdk;rI&Sdonfh taMumif;&if;rsm;

1/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u taMumif;&if;

wpfckcsif;pDonf ¤if;wdkY a&G;cs,fxm;aom okawoe

acgif;pOfwpfcktay: rnfodkYvTrf;rdk;rI&SdEdkifaMumif;

aqG;aEG;yg/


avhvmoif,laeonfh ynma&;e,fy,f

- acgif;pOfwpfckudk tawmfMumavhvmcJhNyD;ygu

tqdkyg acgif;pOftaMumif; ydkrdkod&SdNyD;

¤if;ESifh ywfoufí xda&mufpGm okawoe

jyKpkEdkifrnfjzpfonf/

tvkyftudkif

- tvkyftudkifaMumifh wdusaom taMumif;t&m

wpfckckESifh ywfoufí okawoe vkyfaqmif&

Edkifonf/

- oifvkyfudkifaeaom tzGJUtpnf;onf wdusaom

udpö&yfwpfckcktay: txl;tm½kHpdkufjcif;vnf;

jzpfEdkifygonf/

- tvkyftudkifu acgif;pOfwpfckckESifh ywfoufonfh

A[kokw? uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk

&&SdapEdkifygonf/

oif\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif; ta&;BuD;aom

udpö&yfrsm;

- oif\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGuf ta&;BuD;aom

udpö&yfrsm;taMumif; okawoevkyfaqmifvQif

yHhydk;rIrsm;udk ydkrdk&&SdEdkifygvdrfhrnf/

pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;

- wpfpkHwpfcktay:wGif pdwf0ifpm;ygu tqdkyg

taMumif;t&mESifh ywfoufNyD; okawoejyKpk&ef

pdwfwuf<urI ydk&SdEdkifygonf/

axmufyHhaiGaMu;

- aiGaMu;axmufyHholrsm;u wdusaom acgif;pOfwpfck

taMumif; okawoejyKpk&ef oifhudk tvkyfcefYtyfEdkif

ygonf/

- acgif;pOfwpfckonf tm½kHpdkufjcif;cHvm&ygu

¤if;ESifh ywfoufNyD; vkyfaqmifonfh okawoe

ukefusp&dwfrsm;twGuf axmufyHhrI&&Sd&ef

ydkvG,fulEdkifygonf/

2/ tzGJUi,frsm;u ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom okawoe

acgif;pOftay: vTrf;rdk;rI&SdEdkifonfh tjcm;aom

taMumif;&if;rsm;udk xyfaygif;xnfhyg/


- vkyfaqmifNyD;om; okawoersm;

- okawoejyKpk&ef vG,fuljcif;&Sd^r&Sd

- vuf&Sdtjzpftysufrsm;


- 15 -


- 16 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOfrsm;udk uawmhykH

um;csyfxJwGif jzefYMuufar;cGef;rsm;rSaeí (xdyfqkH;)

tao;pdwfwdusaom acgif;pOfrsm;tjzpf (atmufqkH;)

jznfhpGufyg/

tajzrsm;

1/ (u)

2/ (p)

3/ (q)

4/ (n)

5/ (C)

6/ (*)

7/ (ps)

8/ (Z)

9/ (i)

10/ (c)

tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - jzefYMuufacgif;pOf odkYr[kwf

tao;pdwfwdusaomacgif;pOf jzpfygovm;/

ausmif;om;rsm;u ,ckrSpwifrnfh okawoDopfrsm;twGuf

tao;pdwfwdusaomacgif;pOfrsm;ESifh jzefYMuufacgif;pOfrsm;

wdkYxJrS rnfonfhacgif;pOfudk tokH;jyK&efydkaumif;aMumif;

aqG;aEG;&rnf/


- 17 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf

taumif;qkH; tajzudk a&G;cs,f&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ (*)

2/ (*)

3/ (C)

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - okawoeacgif;pOf

rSwfcsuf/ / þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk

okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd

jyifqifzefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ

xm;onfh ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16

ckxJrS yxrqkH;wpfckjzpfonf/

ausmif;om;rsm; oif,l&&Sdvmaom A[kokwESifh

uRrf;usifrItopfrsm;udk ¤if;wdkY BudKufESpfouf&m

okawoepDrHudef;wpfckwGif udk,fwdkifvufawGU

tokH;cswwfatmif wdkufwGef;ay;&eftwGuf

¤if;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk pmtkyf\tprS tqkH;xd

tcef;i,fwdkif;wGif jzefYMuufxnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/

okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; 'DZdkif;a&;qGJjcif;ESifh

vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfjcif; jzpfpOfrSwpfqifh

ausmif;om;rsm;udk nTefMum;ay;&eftwGuf

¤if;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk tokH;jyKyg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYpdwf0ifpm;aom okawoe

acgif;pOfwpfckudk pOf;pm;&rnf/

1/ ¤if;acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD; qufvuf&SmazG&eftwGuf

aqmif&GufEdkifaom wpfqifhcHokawoe enf;vrf;rsm;udk

pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfyg/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOfudk pDrHcefYcGJEdkifNyD;

vufawGUqefaom okawoeacgif;pOf jzpfvmonftxd

qGJcsKHU&rnf/

• ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;onf

a,bk,sqefvGef;jcif; odkYr[kwf r&Sif;rvif;

jzpfaejcif;wdkYr&Sdatmif ppfaq;yg/

3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe

acgif;pOfwpfck cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&mwGif tokH;jyKoGm;rnfh

wpfqifhcHokawoeESifh acgif;pOfqGJcsKHUjcif; jzpfpOfwdkYudk

aqG;aEG;oGm;&rnf/


- 18 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;pm&if;udk

zwf½INyD; rnfonfhpm&if;onf okawoejyKpk&ef

ydkvG,fulaMumif; pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfyg/

tajz

pm&if; 2 - tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoe

ar;cGef;rsm;udk tao;pdwfwdusaom ar;cGef;rsm;tjzpf

qGJcsKHUxm;onfhtwGufjzpfonf/


- 19 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe ar;cGef;wpfckpDonf

&Sif;vif;rI&Sd^r&SdESifh tb,faMumifh &Sif;vif;rI&Sd^r&Sd

&aMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ r&Sif;vif;yg - ]vlrsm;} qdkonfh ar;cGef;rSm

a,bk,susvGef;NyD; qdkifuvkef;em*pfuJhodkYaom

obm0ab;tEÅ&m,fwpfckqdkonfh t"dyÜm,frSmvnf;

em;vnf&ef ½IyfaxG;ygonf - ¤if;rSm qdkifuvkef;

wpfckwnf;udk qdkvdkygovm;/ a&BuD;jcif; odkYr[kwf

ajrivsifponfwdkYvnf; yg0ifygovm;/

2/ &Sif;vif;onf/

3/ &Sif;vif;onf/

4/ r&Sif;vif;yg - ]jyóemrsm;} qdkonfrSm

cGJjcm;qufqHjcif; odkYr[kwf bmompum;

tcuftcJ&Sdjcif;wdkY tygt0if rsm;pGmaom udpö&yfrsm;udk

qdkvdkEdkifygonf/ ]vlenf;pkrsm;} qdkonfrSm

wdkif;&if;om;tpktzGJU? bmoma&;tpktzGJUrsm;? LGBT tpktzGJUrsm;? oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;? roefpGrf;olrsm;

tp&Sdojzifh t"dyÜm,fay:Edkifygonf/


- 20 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk jzefYMuufrIt&SdqkH;

ar;cGef;rsm;rSaeí tao;pdwfwdusaom ar;cGef;rsm;

tjzpf tqifhvdkufowfrSwfyg/

tajzrsm;

5? 2? 4? 1? 3

vkyfief;pOf - tao;pdwfwduspGm pOf;pm;NyD;

ar;cGef;rsm;ukd jyefvnfa&;csyg

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe

ar;cGef;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;NyD; tao;pdwfwdusí okawoe

jyKpkEdkifonfh ar;cGef;rsm;tjzpf jyefvnfa&;om;&rnf/

• rnfonfhtajzrqdk wdusaom ae&ma'o? vli,frsm;

twGuf uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh tawG;tjrif

wpfck&Sdonfh owfrSwfxm;aom tpktzGJUwpfzGJU?

vli,frsm;tMum; wdusaom touft&G,ftwGif;&Sd

vli,ftpktzGJUrsm; ponfwdkY yg0ifoifhygonf/

uRrf;usifrItrsdK;tpm;rsm;onfvnf; ydkrdkwduspGm

azmfjyEdkifygonf - Oyrm - tvkyftudkifqdkif&m

uRrf;usifrIrsm;? ynma&;qdkif&m uRrf;usifrIrsm;?

qufoG,fa&; uRrf;usifrIrsm; tp&Sdojzifh/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk EIdif;,SOfNyD;

taumif;qkH;ar;cGef;wpfckudk a&G;cs,fqkH;jzwf&rnf/

3/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh okawoear;cGef;twGuf

toifhawmfqkH; pum;vkH;rsm;udk qkH;jzwfa&G;cs,f&rnf/


- vm;½Id;txufwef;ausmif; q&m^rrsm;u

xifjrif,lqxm;onfh vli,frsm;wGif&Sdoifhaom

ta&;BuD;qkH; uRrf;usifrIrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/

- ppfudkif;a'oBuD;twGif;&Sd NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;

rsm;u owfrSwfqkH;jzwfxm;aom ausmif;xGufonfh

vli,frsm;wGif&Sdoifhaom ta&;BuD;qkH;

uRrf;usifrIrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/

- NrdwfNrdKU&Sd jynfolYusef;rma&;t&m&Sdrsm;u

q,fwef;ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfh

uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk oif,lwwfuRrf;jcif;&Sdxm;&ef

ta&;BuD;onf[k xifjrifvufcHxm;Muoenf;/

vkyfief;pOf - okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk

okH;oyftuJjzwfjcif;

rSwfcsuf/ / ausmif;om;enf;aom pmoifcef;

wpfcef;wGif acgif;pOfta&twGufudk avQmhcsEdkifonf

odkYr[kwf wpfOD;vQif acgif;pOfwpfckpD a&G;cs,fcGifh

jyKEdkifonf/

1/ 4-6 OD;ygaom tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u

acgif;pOfrsm;pm&if;udk qkH;jzwfNyD; tzGJU0ifwpfOD;

odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDtm; acgif;pOfwpfckpD

wm0efay;yg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ acgif;pOfrsm;twGuf

okawoear;cGef;rsm; a&;cs&rnf/

2/ tzGJUrsm;u okawoe ar;cGef;wpfckpDudk &Sif;vif;rI&SdNyD;

tao;pdwfwdusí okawoejyKpkEdkifap&ef wnf;jzwfyg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ aemufqkH;okawoe

ar;cGef;rsm;udk pm&GufcsyfBuD;ay:wGif a&;cs&rnf

odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;udk pm&Gufydkif;av;rsm;ay:wGif

oD;jcm;pDa&;om;&rnf/

• ¤if;wdkY\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk eH&Hay:wGifuyf&rnf/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tcef;wpf0dkufywfoGm;í tjcm;

tzGJUrsm;\ okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;udk vdkufvHMunfh½I

&rnf/

• ¤if;wdkYu ar;cGef;rsm;ab;wGif tqdkyg

ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDtm; ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmatmif

tBuHÓPfrsm; a&;om;&rnf/

• tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ ar;cGef;rsm;ay:&Sd

okH;oyftBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk zwf½I&rnf/


- 21 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf

• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;udk zwf½Iyg/

1/ ¤if;wdkYu okawoeudk twdkcsKH; tESpfcsKyfazmfjy&rnf/

jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajz

ynma&;pGrf;aqmifrItay: vlrIrD'D,m\

oufa&mufrIudk okawoejyKpk&ef/ okawoetwGuf

a'wmrsm;udk ppfwrf;jzifh aumuf,lNyD; cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;udk

SPSS uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfjzifh vkyfaqmifcJhonf/

2/ &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkay;cJhonf/


(u) - ¤if;okawoeonf tqdkyg wuúodkvf&Sd

ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ta&;ygNyD;

tokH;0ifcJhygonf/

- ¤if;wuúodkvf&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; tvG,fwul

zwf½IEdkifygonf/

- ¤if;wGif&Sdaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh tcsdefuvnf;

okawoejyKpk&ef vkHvkHavmufavmuf &SdcJhygonf/

(c) - yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;taejzifh okawoetaMumif;

em;vnfap&efvnf; aoaocsmcsm

BudK;pm;cJhygonf/

- yg0ifajzMum;oltm;vkH;u qE´&SdpGm oabmwlNyD;

ajzMum;ay;cJhonf/

(*) - SPSS tokH;jyK&jcif;rSm ¤if;onf ½IyfaxG;onfh

uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfwpfckjzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh

jzpfonf/

- yg0ifajzMum;ay;rnfholrsm;u tvkyf½Iyfaeygu?

yg0ifajzMum;vdkpdwf&Sdvmap&ef pGJaqmifjcif;/

- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;u okawoetaMumif;

em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef *½kwpdkuf

aqmif&Gufjcif;/


- 22 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - &Sif;vif;rI&SdNyD;

tao;pdwfwdusaom okawoejyKvkyfEdkifygovm;


okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif

zefwD;NyD; vufawGUvkyfaqmifap&ef 'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh

]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS

'kwd,wpfckjzpfonf/

¤if;onf ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;

tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom

awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnfqdkygu xda&mufrI

&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u

¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkY

a&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cifokawoeacgif;pOfrsm;

odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf vufawGUusrI r&Sdawmhjcif;?

pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk

awGUjrifvmEdkifonf odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf

ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoear;cGef;udk

okH;oyftuJjzwfNyD; ¤if;ar;cGef;onf &Sif;vif;NyD;

tao;pdwfwdusí okawoejyKpkEdkifpGrf;&Sd^r&Sd

qkH;jzwf&rnf/ vdktyfouJhodkY jyKjyifajymif;vJay;&rnf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u rdrdwGJzuf\

okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;udk ppfaq;NyD; ¤if;wdkYudk &Sif;vif;rI

&SdNyD; tao;pdwfwdusí okawoejyKpkEdkifonfh

ar;cGef;rsm;tjzpf wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmap&ef

tjyeftvSef tBuHjyKcsufrsm; ajymMum;ay;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf




1/ - OD;wnfcsuf&Sdygonf/

- vlrsm;^vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGuf tokH;0ifygonf/

- þar;cGef;tm; ajzqdk&eftwGuf okawoe

vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf/

- þar;cGef;udk ,cifu okawoe rjyKpkcJh&ao;yg/

2/ - [kwfygonf/ pdwf0ifpm;rI&Sdjcif;u okawoejyKpk&ef

ydkrdkvG,fulapygonf/

- r[kwfyg/ oifpdwf0ifpm;rI r&Sdao;onfh

taMumif;t&mwpfckckudk okawoejyKpkrnfqdkvQif

taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;udk oif,lod&Sdvmyg

vdrfhrnf/


- 23 -

1.4 okawoDaumif;wpfOD;\

o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ - pdwf&Snfjcif;

- pepfwus&Sdjcif;

- tvkyfBudK;pm;jcif;

2/ - zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufjcif; uRrf;usifrIrsm;

- vlrIqufqHa&;qdkif&m uRrf;usifrIrsm;

- pmta&;tom; uRrf;usifrIrsm;

- rdrdudk,fudk,f ,kHMunfrI&Sdjcif;

- toif;tzGJUjzifh vkyfaqmifjcif; uRrf;usifrIrsm;


- 24 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDudk

a&SUpmrsufESmrS okawoDaumif;wpfOD;\

o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm; (odvdkpdwfjyif;jyjcif;?

cGJjcrf;pdppfEdkifjcif;ESifh pepfwus&Sdjcif;) wdkYjzifh

wGJpyf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ odvdkpdwfjyif;jyjcif;

2/ pepfwus&Sdjcif;

3/ cGJjcrf;pdppfEdkifjcif;

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDrsm;\ udk,fa&;tusOf;udk

zwf½INyD; wpfOD;csif;pDtwGuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/

tajzrsm;

1/ (u) jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd vufudkifzkef; okH;pGJolrsm;tMum;

usm;^ruGm[rI/

(c) jrefrmEdkifiH\ udkvdkeDacwfordkif;aMumif;/

(*) qdkifuvkef;em*pf\ oufa&mufrIrsm;/

2/ (u) - taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;udk oif,lavhvmjcif;/

(c) - ta&;BuD;aom ordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;

twGuf tajzrsm;&SmazGjcif;/

- ordkif;aMumif;qdkif&m &if;jrpfrsm;udk

&SmazGazmfxkwfjcif;/

(*) - tajctaewpfckESifh ywfoufNyD; wdkuf½dkuf

em;vnfEdkif&eftwGuf tjcm;vlrsm;ESifh

pum;ajymqdkjcif;/

3/ (u) A[kokw<u,f0jcif;? pdwfvGwfvyfyGifhvif;rI&Sdjcif;?

wuf<urI&Sdjcif;/

(c) odvdkpdwfjyif;jyjcif;? pdwfvGwfvyfyGifhvif;rI&Sdjcif;?

½dk;om;rI&Sdjcif;? bufvdkufrIr&Sdjcif;/

(*) tajctaewpf&yfudk ½IaxmifhrsdK;pkHrS

cGJjcrf;pdppfEdkifjcif;? bufvdkufrIr&Sdjcif;? vdkufavsm

nDaxGrI&Sdatmif ajymif;vJEdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;/


- 25 -


- 26 -

vkyfief;pOf - rdrdudk,fudk,f jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u tcef;i,f 1.4 wGif

aqG;aEG;cJhNyD;aom okawoD\ o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;xJrS

rnfonfhtcsufrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYwGif&Sdonf[k

cHpm;&aMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoD\ vu©Pm&yfrsm;xJrS

rnfonfhvu©Pm&yfrsm;udk ydkrdkwdk;wufvmatmif

aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfaMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDrsm;

taejzifh ¤if;wdkY\ tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufrsm;udk

EIdif;,SOf&rnf/


- 27 -

vkyfief;pOf - okawoe\

tjyKoabmaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh

tysufoabmaqmifcsufrsm;

1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufwpfcsufpDwdkif;onf

(u-n txJrS) okawoe\ tjyKoabm odkYr[kwf

tysufoabmwpfckjzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) tjyKoabm

(c) tysufoabm

(*) tjyKoabm

(C) tysufoabm

(i) tysufoabm

(p) tjyKoabm

(q) tysufoabm

(Z) tjyKoabm

(ps) tysufoabm

(n) tjyKoabm


- 28 -

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDrsm;\ rSwfcsufrsm;

(rD;cdk;a&mif av;axmifhuGufxJrS i-x) udk zwf½INyD;

¤if;rSwfcsufrsm;udk tjyKoabmESifh tysufoabmrsm;jzifh

wGJpyfyg/ rSwfcsufrsm;onf wpfckxufydkaom

tjyKoabmESifh tysufoabmrsm;jzifh wGJpyfEdkifygonf/


i. (u)? (n)

ii. (u)? (p)? (n)

iii. (C)? (i)

iv. (*)? (i)? (q)

v. (*)

vi. (C)? (i)

vii. (p)

viii. (u)? (*)? (Z)

ix. (c)? (i)

x. (ps)

rSwfcsuf/ / okawoeonf tem*wfwGif

rnfonfht&mrsm; jzpfysufvmrnfjzpfaMumif; wduspGm

rcefYrSef;Edkifacs/ odkYaomf tem*wfwGif jzpfysufvmrnfh

t&mrsm;udk wduspGm rajzMum;Edkifonfhwdkif vuf&Sd

umvwGif jyKpkcJhaom okawoeonf tem*wfwGif

jzpfvmEdkifajc&Sdaomt&mrsm;udk azmfjyEdkifygonf/

3/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u rSwfcsuf (i-x) ESifh oabmwlnDrI &Sd^r&Sd aqG;aEG;&rnf/

4/ tzGJUi,frsm;u okawoejyKpkjcif;\ tjcm;aom

tjyKoabmESifh tysufoabmrsm;udk xyfrHí

pm&if;jyKpka&;om;&rnf/


aumif;usdK;rsm;

- okawoeonf jyóemrsm;udk ulnDajz&Sif;ay;Edkif

ygonf/

- okawoeonf vlrsm;\ todynmudk

wdk;yGm;vmapygonf/

qdk;usdK;rsm;

- okawoejyKpk&ef tcsdefrsm;pGmay;&ygonf/

- okawoeonf vlrsm;udk pdwftaESmifht,Suf

jzpfapEdkifygonf/

aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifhjzpfap odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

jzpfap? ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/


- þenf;tm;jzifh okawoe&v'frsm;onf

wdusrI&SdNyD; ,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf; &Sdapygonf/

- þenf;tm;jzifh tjcm;vlrsm;u oif\okawoe

vkyfief;pOftwdkif; vdkufemaqmif&GufNyD; qifwlaom

&v'frsm;udk &&Sdapygonf/


- 29 -

tcef; 2 -

okawoe enf;vrf;rsm;


- 30 -

2.1 rl&if;okawoeESifh

wpfqifhcHokawoe

rSwfcsuf/ / jrefrmEdkifiHwGif rl&if;okawoe

vkyfaqmifaeaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ 0ufbfqdk'fvifhcfrsm;

udk atmufwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/

https://emref.org/enhttps://asiafoundation.org/where-we-work/myanmar/https://www.burnet.edu.au/countries/2_myanmar_burma

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ - vlrIrD'D,mqdkif&m okawoe

- tjcm;EdkifiHrsm; odkYr[kwf urÇmha&;&mqdkif&m

okawoe

- twdwfumvrS tjzpftysufrsm;qdkif&m okawoe

2/ - vlrsm;\ tawG;tjrifrsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;qdkif&m

okawoe

- vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ taMumif;t&mrsm;

qdkif&m okawoe


- 31 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/


1/ wpfpkHwpfa,mufu a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,lNyD;om;

jzpfonfhtwGuf okawoDu a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,l&ef

aiGaMu; odkYr[kwf tcsdefokH;pGJ&ef rvdktyfawmhay/

2/ oifokawoejyKpkvdkaom acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufí

vkyfaqmifcJhNyD;om; tjcm;aom okawoepmwrf;/

3/ wpfqifhcHokawoeudk wpfcgwpf&HwGif pmMunfhpm;yGJ

okawoe[kvnf; ac:wGifMuonf/ tb,faMumifh

qdkaomf ¤if;udk pmMunfhwdkufrsm;? tdrf odkYr[kwf

½kH;cef;ESifh pmMunfhpm;yGJwpfckwGif vkyfaqmifMuonfh

twGufaMumifhjzpfonf/

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDonf

rl&if;okawoe odkYr[kwf wpfqifhcHokawoewdkY\

Oyrmrsm; [kwf^r[kwf qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ rl&if;okawoe

2/ wpfqifhcHokawoe

3/ wpfqifhcHokawoe

4/ rl&if;okawoe

5/ rl&if;okawoe

6/ rl&if;okawoe

7/ wpfqifhcHokawoe

8/ rl&if;okawoe (rSwfcsuf - þOyrmwGif

tusOf;om;rsm;u uAsmrsm;udk a&;om;cJhaomfvnf;?

¤if;uAsmrsm;udk ,cifu pkaqmif;xm;jcif; odkYr[kwf

cGJjcrf;pdppfxm;jcif; r&SdonfhtwGuf tqdkyg okawoeudk

rl&if;okawoetjzpf owfrSwfygonf/)


- 32 -

vkyfief;pOf - rl&if;okawoeESifh wpfqifhcHokawoe

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfrsm;udk

zwf½I&rnf/

1/ wpfOD;csif; odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yf wpfckcsif;pDxJ&Sd

rl&if;okawoeESifh wpfqifhcHokawoewdkYudk



(u)

rl&if;okawoe

- q&m^rrsm;ESifh pum;ajymjcif;

- a'ocHtvkyftudkif &SmazGa&;Xmersm;ESifh

pum;ajymqdkjcif;

- NGO rsm;ESifh pum;ajymqdkjcif;

wpfqifhcHokawoe

- ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;pm&if;

- aus;vufa'o tvkyfvufrJhrsm;qdkif&m NGO

tpD&ifcHpmwrf;rsm;

(c)

rl&if;okawoe

- rdom;pkrsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

- oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

- vltdkapmifha&Smufa&;a*[mrsm;rS vlemrsm;ESifh

0efxrf;rsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

wpfqifhcHokawoe

- jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd Oya'rsm;qdkif&m NGO

tpD&ifcHpmwrf;rsm;

- ,ciftpdk;&rsm;\ usef;rma&;qdkif&m rl0g'rsm;

- jrefrmjynfolrsm;\ usef;rma&;jyóemrsm;qdkif&m

ppfwrf;a'wmrsm;

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf

xyfrHvkyfaqmifEdkifajc&Sdaom rl&if;okawoeESifh

wpfqifhcHokawoewdkYudk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/


(u)

rl&if;okawoe

- ausmif;om;rsm;? &yf&Gmacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh

pum;ajymqdkjcif;/

wpfqifhcHokawoe

- rGefjynfe,f&Sd tvkyftudkiftaMumif;qdkif&m NGO

tpdk;&\ tpD&ifcHpmwrf;rsm;udk zwf½Iyg/

- tpdk;&xHrS ausmif;xGufEIef;rSwfwrf;rsm;udk zwf½Iyg/

(c)

rl&if;okawoe

- &yf&Gmacgif;aqmifrsm;? e,fcH NGO rsm;ESifh t&yfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif;/

wpfqifhcHokawoe

- tjcm;a'o^EdkifiHrsm;&Sd usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI

twGuf vlrItzGJUtpnf;tajcjyK csOf;uyf

enf;vrf;rsm;qdkif&m pmtkyfrsm; odkYr[kwf

aqmif;yg;rsm;udk zwf½Iyg/


- 33 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - rl&if;okawoeESifh

wpfqifhcHokawoe




]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS wwd,

wpfckjzpfonf/



awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI

&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;

udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cif

okawoe acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf

vufawGUusrI r&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;

odkYr[kwf tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf

odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf (odkY) ar;cGef;udk ydkrdk

pdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u atmufygtcsufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk

&rnf/

- ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&eftwGuf vkyfaqmif&ef

vdktyfEdkifaom rl&if;okawoe

- ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&eftwGuf vkyfaqmif&ef

vdktyfEdkifaom wpfqifhcHokawoe

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\

&v'frsm;udk EIdif;,SOfaqG;aEG;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh



1/ oif\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd vlrsm;tay:

oufa&mufrI&Sdonfh vuf&Sdtjzpftysufwpfckcktm;

okawoejyKpkaeonfhtcg tqdkyge,fcHvlrsm;ESifh

pum;ajymqdkEdkifonf/ Oyrm - vrf; (odkY) puf½kH

uJhodkYaom zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;pDrHudef; topfwpfckck\

oufa&mufrIudk okawoejyKpk&ef? a'ocHrsm;\

aexdkifrItajctaeudk okawoejyKpk&ef? ¤if;&yf&Gm

tzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd tjzpftysufrsm;qdkif&m

tjrifrsm;ESifh tawGUtBuHKrsm;&,l&ef odkYr[kwf

usef;rma&; (odkY) ynma&; vufvSrf;rD&&SdrIqdkif&m

tjrifrsm; od&Sd&ef/

2/ - oif okawoejyKpkaeaom tjzpftysufonf

vGefcJhaomESpfrsm;pGmu jzpfysufcJhNyD; okawoejyKpkí

pmwrf;a&;om;xkwfa0cJhNyD;jzpfvQif/

- ¤if;tjzpftysufudk awGUBuHKcJh&ol wpfOD;

wpfa,mufrS r&Sdawmhonfhtcg/

- oif\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd tjzpftysufwGif

tpdk;&? NGO rsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; tp&Sdojzifh

yg0ifcJhNyD; tGefvdkif;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;uJhodkYaom

tokH;0ifí ,kHMunfvufcHEdkifaom wpfqifhcH

owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&SdEdkifvQif/


- 34 -

2.2 ta&twGufpHjyK

okawoe

rSwfcsuf/ / ta&twGufpHjyKenf;vrf;udk okawoe

pDrHudef;tBuD;pm;wGif rMumcPtokH;jyKMuonf/

ausmif;om;rsm;u ta&twGufpHjyK okawoeudk

aqmif&Gufvdkygu? udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf

a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,l&ef (ppfwrf;rS)? bufvdkufrIr&Sd&ef

(trsm;vufcHEdkifaom)? okawoe tpdwftydkif;tm;vkH;udk

wpforwfwnf; aqmif&Guf&ef (,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;)

ESifh okawoejyKpkaeaom taMumif;t&mudk wduspGm

wdkif;wmay;onfh (udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;) a'wmaumuf,ljcif;

enf;vrf;rsm; zefwD;&ef &nfrSef;oifhygonf/

odkYaomf þokawoe rdwfqufpmtkyfudk oif,lpOf

vkyfaqmifaom tao;pm; okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;\

&v'frsm;onf BuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom vlOD;a&twGuf

tokH;csEdkifvdrfhrnf (a,bk,saumufcsufqGJEdkifpGrf;)

r[kwfay/

ta&twGufpHjyK okawoESifh qufpyfNyD; xyfrHod&Sdvdk

ygu https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/quantitative-and-qualitative.html wGifMunfhyg/

tBudKavhvmcsuff




1/ ta&twGufpHjyKa'wmonf udef;*Pef;rsm;jzpfNyD;

wdkif;wmrIrsm; yg0ifonf/ t&nftaoG;pHjyKa'wmonf

trsm;tm;jzifh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk &Sif;vif;azmfjyonfh

pum;vkH;rsm;jzpfonf/

2/ ¤if;wdkYonf okawoejyKpk&mwGif rwlnDonfh

enf;vrf;rsm;udk azmfjyaeygonf/ tcsdKUaom okawoe

ar;cGef;rsm;udk udef;*Pef;rsm;? a&wGufjcif;ESifh

wdkif;wmjcif; (ta&twGufpHjyK okawoe) jzifh

ajzMum;&ef vdktyfygonf/ tjcm;okawoersm;twGuf

pum;vkH;rsm;jzifh ajzMum;&ef (t&nftaoG;pHjyK

okawoe) vdktyfygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

pum;vkH;rsm;onf udef;*Pef;a'wmjzifh azmfjyí

r&Edkifaom tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;udk

yHhydk;ay;EdkifNyD; tajctaersm;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif

&Sif;jyay;EdkifonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/


- 35 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDudk

ta&twGufpHjyK okawoe\ o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;xJrS

(udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf a'wm? a,bk,saumufcsuf

qGJEdkifpGrf;ESifh "r®"dXmefusjcif;) wpfckjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ "r®"dXmefusjcif;

2/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufa'wm

3/ a,bk,saumufcsufqGJEdkifpGrf;

rSwfcsuf/ / udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;ESifh tusHK;0ifpGrf;wdkYESifh

qufpyfNyD; xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu https://socialresearchmethods.net/kb/relandval.php wGif

Munfhyg/


- 36 -

vkyfief;pOf - udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;ESifh tusHK;0ifpGrf;

1/ wpfOD;csif; odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;

¤if;wdkYonf udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; &Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajz

udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdacs/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoDonf

rwlnDonfh tpktzGJUrsm;udk rwluGJjym;onfh enf;vrf;jzifh

ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;onfhtwGufjzpfonf/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;

ydk&SdvmapEdkifonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/


tajctaejyjzpf&yfwGif okawoDu rwlnDonfh

tpktzGJUrsm;udk wlnDaom ar;cGef;rsm;jzifh wlnDaom

ae&mESifh tcsdefumvtwGif; ar;jref;vQif ¤if;tajctaejy

jzpf&yfonf udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; ydk&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;

¤if;jzpf&yfonf tusHK;0ifpGrf; &Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajz

tusHK;r0ifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoDonf

ppfawGNrdKUrS q&m^rrsm;udkomvQif ar;jref;MunfhNyD;

&cdkifjynfe,f\ tjcm;NrdKUrsm;rS q&m^rrsm;udk xnfhoGif;

ar;jref;jcif; rjyKonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/

4/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk tusHK;0ifpGrf;

ydk&SdvmapEdkifonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/


tu,fí ppfawGNrdKUomru &cdkifjynfe,f\ tjcm;

NrdKUrsm;rS q&m^rrsm;udkyg ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;cJhrnf

qdkvQif tqdkygtajctaejyjzpf&yfonf tusHK;0ifEdkifpGrf;

ydk&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/

tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - a0g[m&rsm;udk t"dyÜm,f

zGifhqdkyg/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;\ t"dyÜm,fudk

0guswpfaMumif;wnf;jzifh azmfjyyg/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tusHK;0ifpGrf;\ t"dyÜm,fudk

0guswpfaMumif;wnf;jzifh azmfjyyg/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufudk

tGefvdkif; odkYr[kwf tbd"mefpmtkyfrsm;jzifh EIdif;,SOfyg/

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf


1/ jzpf&yfavhvmcsufxJrS ta&twGufpHjyK okawoe\

o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/


udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf a'wmrsm; - okawoDrsm;u

ppfwrf;vTmudk tokH;jyKí yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk

taMumif;t&m\ ta&;ygrItvdkuf tqifhcGJowfrSwfcdkif;

cJhonf/ (&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;t& yg0ifol 49.6%

u w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk OD;pm;ay;cJhMuNyD; 64.7%

u vmbfpm;rIonf qufvufjzpfyGm;aeaom

jyóemwpfckjzpfonf[k ,lqxm;Muonf/

a,bk,saumufcsufqGJEdkifpGrf; - ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;

udk jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifhjynfe,f 14 ckpvkH;wGif

aumuf,lcJhonfhtwGuf a,bk,saumufcsufqGJEdkifpGrf;

ydk&Sdapygonf/ odkYaomf tcsdKUoufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;u

yg0ifajzMum;&ef r0Hhr&JjzpfaecJhMuygonf/

"r®"dXmefusjcif; - yg0ifajzqdkolrsm;udk ynma&;?

usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;ESifh

w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;uJhodkYaom tjyKoabmaqmifonfh

taMumif;t&mrsm;? vmbfpm;rIESifh y#dyu©uJhodkYaom

tysufoabmaqmifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; ESpfckpvkH;

ESifh ywfoufNyD; ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;cJhygonf/

udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; - wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,ftm;vkH;wGif

wlnDaom ar;cGef;rsm;ygonfh ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk

tokH;jyKí ar;jref;cJhygonf/

tusHK;0ifpGrf; - okawoeonf e,fcHtpdk;&ESifh

oufqdkifaom todtjrif A[kokwudk avhvmcJhjcif;

jzpfonf/ ar;cGef;rsm;jzifh aus;&Gmtkyfpk tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;?

w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk em;vnfoabmaygufrI? y#dyu©ESifh

ynma&;? usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;ESifh

vQyfppfrD;ponfh 0efaqmifrIrsm; yHhydk;ay;jcif;wdkY

taMumif;udk a'ocHjynfolrsm;tm; ar;jref;jcif;jzifh

e,fcHtpdk;&ESifh ywfoufonfh todtjrifA[kokwwdkYudk

wdkif;wmMunfh&ef BudK;pm;cJhygonf/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDrsm;taejzifh &ifqdkifBuHKawGUcJh

&Edkifajc&Sdaom pdefac:rIrsm;udk pdwful;Munfh&rnf/


- tcsdKUvlrsm; (Oyrm - vlBuD;rsm;? ppfwrf;vTmajzqdk&ef

pdwfvufoufawmifhoufomr&Sdjcif;) odkYr[kwf

vli,frsm;udk ydkNyD;vlawGUar;jref;cJhonfhtwGuf

bufvdkufrI&SdEdkifaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;/

- Oya'? y#dyu©? vmbfpm;rI (odkYr[kwf) e,fcH

tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm; ponfh xdvG,f&SvG,f jzpfEdkifaom

acgif;pOfrsm;taMumif; ar;jref;onfhtcgwGif

ajzqdk&ef pdwfvufoufawmifhoufomr&Sdolrsm;?

½dk;om;pGmajzqdk&ef r0Hhr&Jjzpfaeolrsm;/


- 37 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - ta&twGufpHjyK

okawoe





av;ckajrmufjzpfonf/



awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnfqdkygu xda&mufrI




vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif;


odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf (odkY) ar;cGef;udk ydkrdk


1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ pDrHudef;wGif xnfhoGif;

tokH;jyKoGm;rnfh rnfodkYaom ta&twGufpHjyK

okawoersm;udkrqdk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u udef;*Pef;tcsufvuf a'wmrsm;

(ppfwrf;rS xkwfEIwfxm;aom) yg0ifonfh Oyrmrsm;

yg0ifrI&Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;ay;yg/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ ta&twGufpHjyK

okawoeonf udef;*Pef;rsm;yg0ifjcif;?

"r®"dXmefusjcif;? udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;ESifh tusHK;0ifpGrf;&Sdaprnfh

enf;vrf;rsm;udk pOf;pm;&rnf/

• txufyg oabmw&m;rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;

em;vnfrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;yg - ausmif;om;rsm;u

pmrsufESm 34-35 &Sd &Sif;jycsufrsm;ESifh Oyrmrsm;udk

&nfnTef;udk;um;Edkifonf/ Oyrm -

- udef;*Pef; - vlOD;a&wGif wpfpkHwpf&m rnfrQ

&Sdoenf;? wpfpkHwpf&mudk rnfrQvkyfaqmifMuoenf;

ponfh ta&twGuf odkYr[kwf &mcdkifEIef;rsm;

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tokH;jyKjcif;/

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okawoeonf aumif;usdK;ESifh qdk;usdK;ESpfckpvkH;udk

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¤if;wdkY\ bufvdkufrIrsm;udkvnf; cGifhrjyKoifhay/

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okawoe enf;vrf;rsm;onf wdkif;wm&rnfh

t&mrsm;udk wduspGmwdkif;wmjcif;/


ta&twGufpHjyK okawoetpDtpOfESifh ¤if;okawoeudk

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aqmif&Guf&mwGif awGUBuHK&Edkifonfh tcuftcJrsm;udk

aqG;aEG;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf




- acgif;pOfwpfckESifh ywfoufNyD; rnfodkYenf; (odkY)

tb,faMumifhenf; ponfh ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;onfh

okawoe

- tajctaewpf&yf\ qufpyftaMumif;t&m (odkY)

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BudK;pm;onfh okawoe

- vlrsm;\ ,kHMunfcsufrsm; odkYr[kwf

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;\ taMumif;&if;cHrsm;udk

em;vnf&efBudK;pm;onfh okawoe

- rwlnDonfhvlrsm;\ taMumif;t&mwpfcktay:

xm;&Sdonfh ½Iaxmifhrsm;udk em;vnfvdkonfh

okawoe


- 38 -

2.3 t&nftaoG;pHjyK

okawoe

rSwfcsuf/ / t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoeESifh

qufpyfNyD; xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu https://socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qual.php wGif 0ifa&muf

Munfh½IEdkifygonf/

ausmif;om;rsm;u t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoeudk

vkyfaqmifrnfqdkygu tao;pdwfa'wmrsm;

aumuf,ljcif; (vlawGUar;jref;jcif; odkYr[kwf OD;wnf

tkyfpk aqG;aEG;0dkif;rsm;rSwpfqifh) yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\

tjrifrsm;tay: jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;

(yk*¾v"dXmefusjcif;)? ¤if;wdkY\ okawoevkyfief;pOf

tpdwftydkif;tm;vkH;udk tao;pdwfrSwfpka&;om;xm;jcif;

(twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;) ESifh &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk

yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;ESifhtwl ppfaq;jcif;jzifh a'wmrsm;\

wdusrIudk ppfaq;jcif; (trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;)

wdkYudk aqmif&Guf&ef &nfrSef;xm;oifhygonf/

twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;ESifh trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;

(udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;ESifh tusHK;0ifEdkifpGrf;wdkYtwdkif;) wdkYonf

t&nfaoG;jrifh okawoewpfck aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf

ta&;BuD;ygonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;wdkYonf ½IyfaxG;onfh

oabmw&m;rsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm;

taejzifh em;rvnfbJ pdwf½IyfaxG;apEdkifygonf/

,ckrSpwifrnfh okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf

¤if;oabmw&m;rsm;udk tjynfhtpkHem;vnfxm;&ef

rjzpfrae rvdktyfay - vlrIokawoetaMumif;

qufvufoif,loGm;rnfqdkvQif tem*wfwGif awGUjrif

avhvmoGm;&ygvdrfhrnf/

twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;ESifh trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;taMumif;

xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu https://socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualval.php wGif 0ifa&mufMunfh½IEdkifygonf/

tBudKavhvmcsuff

• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf rSefuefrI

&Sd^r&Sd ajzMum;&rnf (odkY) cefYrSef;&rnf/

• pmom;rsm;udk zwf½INyD; ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;udk

ppfaq;&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ rrSefyg/

2/ rSefygonf/

3/ rSefygonf/


- 39 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckpDwdkif;udk

t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoe\ o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;

(pmrsufESm 38 rS u-*) - udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf

r[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;? tao;pdwfa'wmrsm;ESifh

yk*¾v"dXmefusjcif;wdkYxJrS wpfck odkYr[kwf

wpfckxufydkNyD; wGJpyfay;&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufr[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;

2/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufr[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;?

tao;pdwfa'wmrsm;

3/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufr[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;?

yk*¾v"dXmefusjcif;


- 40 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf rSef^rSm;

qkH;jzwf&rnf/

• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefaom xkwfjyefcsufwpfcktjzpf

jyifqifa&;om;&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ rSm;ygonf - twnfjyKEdkifpGrf;qdkonfrSm tjcm;

okawoDrsm;u &v'frsm; wlnDrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&ef

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*½kjyKaqmif&Gufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

2/ rSefygonf/

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okawoe&v'frsm;onf yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\

½IaxmifhrSMunfhvQif wdusrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;jcif;jzpfonf/

4/ rSefygonf/

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trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf; &Sdygovm;


ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;

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tajz

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tao;pdwf azmfjyxm;onfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;

¤if;jzpf&yfonf trsm;,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf; &Sd^r&Sd

qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajz

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MunfhvQif wdusrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&ef ¤if;wdkYudk

wifjycJhjcif; r&SdonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/


- 41 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf


1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufxJ&Sd

t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoe\ o½kyfvu©Pm&yfrsm;udk



udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufr[kwfaom a'wmrsm;

- a'wmrsm;wGif aqG;aEG;0dkif;? vlawGUar;jref;jcif;?

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yg0ifonf/

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ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;cJhygonf/

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yk*¾dKvfa&;qefaom tawGUtBuHKrsm;? arQmfvifhcsufrsm;?

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ar;jref;cJhygonf/

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pdwful;pOf;pm;Munfh&rnf/


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ae&ma'orsm;? ynma&;? 0ifaiG? wdkif;&if;om;

vlrsdK;? udk;uG,fonfhbmom tp&Sdojzifh/

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tawGUtBuHKrsm;tMum; qufET,frIrsm;udk &SmazG&mwGif

taxmuftulay;Edkifygvdrfhrnf/


- 42 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - t&nftaoG;pHjyK

okawoe


okawoepDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd

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'DZdkif;a&;qGJxm;onfh ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;}

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odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk ydkrdk


1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ pDrHudef;xJwGif xnfhoGif;

tokH;jyKEdkifrnfh t&nftaoG;pHjyK okawoersm;udk


• ausmif;om;rsm;u udef;*Pef;r[kwfonfh a'wmrsm;

(vlawGUar;jref;rIrsm;ESifh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rS

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ppfaq;ay;yg/

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aqG;aEG;csuf




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tjcm;wpfckodkY ajymif;vJEdkifonfhtwGuf

jyKvG,fajymif;vG,f&Sdjcif;/


- 43 -

2.4 a&maxG;xm;onfh

okawoe enf;vrf;rsm;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




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&Sd^r&Sd EIdif;,SOfEdkifygonf/

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tajzrsm;

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ar;jref;Edkifygonf/

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usonfh) a'wmrsm;jzpfonf/

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ygonf/

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Oyrmrsm;udk zwf½I&rnf/

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wpfckcsif;pDwGif a&maxG;xm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk

rnfodkYtokH;csEdkifaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/


1/ okawoDrsm;u yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\

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a&TUajymif;aexdkifcJh&onfhae&mrsm; ponfh

tcsuftvufrsm;udk ppfwrf;aumuf,lar;jref;Edkifonf/


- 44 -

vkyfief;pOf - ta&twGufpHjyKESifh t&nftaoG;pHjyK

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rSwfwrf;wif&rnf/

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ar;jref;Edkifonf/

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EIdif;,SOf&rnf/

7/ ¤if;wdkYu ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/


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ar;cGef;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ yxrydkif; ar;cGef;rsm;wGif

ajzMum;olrsm;onf a&;om;azmfjyxm;aom

tajzrsm;xJrS a&G;cs,f&rnfjzpfNyD; 'kwd,ydkif;

ar;cGef;rsm;twGuf udk,fwdkifa&;om; ajzMum;Edkif

ygonf/

(c) yxrydkif;ar;cGef;rsm;u udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;udk

&&SdapNyD; 'kwd,ydkif;ar;cGef;rsm;u tao;pdwf

tajzrsm;udk pum;vkH;rsm;jzifh azmfjyay;ygonf/

(*) yxrydkif; ta&twGufpHjyK ar;cGef;rsm;xJrS

a'wmrsm;udk zGJUpnf;&ef ydkvG,fulygonf/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf Z,m;xJ&Sd tydwfar;cGef;

wpfckpDwdkif;twGuf uefYowfxm;aomtajzrsm;

owfrSwfxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/

wkHYjyefajzMum;csufrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfEdkifonfh

ta&twGufrsm; tjzpf aygif;pyfEdkifygonf/

'kwd,ydkif; t&nftaoG;pHjyK tzGifhar;cGef;rsm;rS

a'wmrsm;wGif ajzMum;csufrsm;xJu erlemrsm;udk

&SmazG&efESifh em;vnfatmif *½kwpdkufzwf½I&ef

vdktyfonfh pmom;jzifh a&;om;xm;aom

tcsuftvufrsm;pGm &Sdygonf/

vkyfief;pOf - a&maxG;xm;onfh okawoe

enf;vrf;rsm;wGif tokH;jyKonfh ar;cGef;rsm;

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ta&twGufpHjyK ar;cGef; 3 ckESifh

t&nftaoG;pHjyK ar;cGef; 3 ckwdkYudk usyef;taejzifh

a&;csí pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ¤if;wdkY\ pm&if;rsm;udk vJvS,fNyD;

wGJzufrsm;u rnfonfhar;cGef;rsm;onf ta&twGufpHjyK

ar;cGef;rsm;jzpfMuNyD; rnfonfhar;cGef;rsm;onf

t&nftaoG;pHjyK ar;cGef;rsm;jzpfaMumif;


aqG;aEG;csuf




- 45 -

tcef; 3 -

okawoe usifh0wfrsm;


- 46 -

3.1 xdcdkufemusifaprI

rSwfcsuf/ / okawoe usifh0wfrsm;ESifh qufpyfNyD;

xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/webpages/RETC-CR/en/RH/Training/trainmat/ethicscurr/RETCCREn/pr/Contents/SectionIV/b4sl32.html wGif 0ifa&mufzwf½Iyg/

okawoe usifh0wfrsm;qdkif&m jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;

twGuf https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/webpages/RETC-CR/en/RH/Training/trainmat/ethicscurr/RETCCREn/ss/CaseStudies/cspg1.html wGif

0ifa&mufzwf½Iyg/

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ - okawoeonf xdvG,f&SvG,fjzpfEdkifaom

acgif;pOfwpfcktay:wGif (Oyrm - w&m;r0if

vkyfief;rsm;taMumif; okawoe) vkyfaqmifaeygu

wpfoD;yk*¾vrsm; odkYr[kwf vlrItzGJUtpnf;

wpf&yfvkH;taejzifh tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifajz&Sif;

&Edkifygonf/

- okawoeaMumifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;wpf&yftwGif;&Sd

vlrsm;tMum; jyóemjzpfyGm;Edkifapygonf (Oyrm

- EdkifiHa&; (odkY) bmoma&;uJhodkYaom xd&SvG,f

taMumif;t&mrsm;)

- okawoejyKpkjcif;onf yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;twGuf

tcsdefumvMumjrifhjcif; (odkY) aiGukefaMu;usrsm;

apjcif; &Sdygu tqdkygvlrsm;twGuf jyóemrsm;

jzpfyGm;apEdkifygonf/ (Oyrm - tvkyfrScGifh,l&jcif;

(odkY) c&D;a0;oGm;vm&jcif;)

2/ - ¤if;wdkY\ okawoeonf yg0ifajzMum;ay;rnfh

vlrsm;/ vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;tay: xdcdkufemusifaprI

rjzpfyGm;apvdkygu -

- okawoewGif yg0ifrnfhvlrsm;\

o½kyfvu©Pmrsm;udk umuG,fay;&rnf/

- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;xHrS a'wmrsm;udk wduspGm

aumuf,lí &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk ½dk;om;pGm

tpD&ifcHwifjy&rnf/

vkyfief;pOf - jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom jyóemrsm;udk

BudKwifcefYrSef;yg

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½I&rnf/

• wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwGJpD

odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh þokawoeaMumifh

jzpfyGm;vmEdkifajc&Sdaom xdcdkufemusifaprIrsm;udk

aqG;aEG;&rnf/


- okawoDu rl;,pfaq;0g;okH;pGJolrsm;udk

wuúodkvfrS wm0ef&Sdolrsm; odkYr[kwf tpdk;&xHodkY

xkwfazmfajymjyEdkifNyD; ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh qdk;qdk;0g;0g;

'ku©a&mufEdkifonf/

- okawoDu ausmif;om;rsm;\ cGifhjyKcsuf

rawmif;cHbJ ¤if;wdkYudk "mwfykH½dkuf,lxm;Edkifonf/

- okawoDu ausmif;om;rsm;udk aiGaMu;jzifh

urf;vSrf;onfhtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm;u

tcsuftvufrsm;udk vkyfBuHzefwD;

ajymMum;Edkifonf/

- ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDxHrS&&Sdonfh aiGaMu;jzifh

rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm;udk 0,f,lokH;pGJEdkifonf/


- 47 -


- 48 -

vkyfief;pOf - xdcdkufemusifaprIrsm;udk

cGJjcm;azmfxkwfyg

1/ tajctae jzpf&yfwpfckpDwdkif;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;u

xdcdkufemusifcHpm;&olrsm;ESifh okawoDaMumifh

jzpfay:vmEdkifaom xdcdkufemusifaprI trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk



(u) - okawoDESifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh w&m;a&;

qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;udk cHpm;&Edkifonf/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ajr,mydkifqdkifrI

tcGifhta&;onf xdvG,f&SvG,f&Sdonfh EdkifiHa&;

acgif;pOfwpfck jzpfonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/

- tqdkyg vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd vlrsm;u

yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk od&SdoGm;ygu ¤if;wdkYtMum;&Sd

qufqHa&;rsm;udk vlrIa&;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;

jzpfapygonf (ajr,mydkifqdkifrI y#dyu©rsm;

&SdaeMuonf)/

(c) - ausmif;om;rsm;u vlrIa&;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;

cHpm;&Edkifygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

tjcm;olrsm;\ tEdkifusifhrIudkcH&aMumif; vltrsm;

a&SUwGif aqG;aEG;onfhtcgwGif tqdkygvltkyfxJü

tEdkifusifhcJholrsm; yg0ifaeygu tajctaeudk

ydkrdkqdk;&Gm;oGm;apEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

- ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ cufcJaom

tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;&NyD;

zGifh[ajymqdk&onfhtcgwGif pdwfydkif;qdkif&m

xdcdkufemusifrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/

(*) - okawoDESifh aw;*DwtzGJUonf w&m;a&;qdkif&m

xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/ tb,faMumifh

qdkaomf o½kyfjyyGJwGif aw;*DwtzGJUudk rSwfwrf;wif

ADG'D,dk½dkuful;jcif;onf tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh jyóem

jzpfyGm;apEdkifygonf/

(C) - vrf;wGif ,mOfrawmfwqjzpfygu okawoDtaejzifh

½kyfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/

(i) - okawoDtaejzifh aeYpOfaeYwdkif; 0rf;enf;zG,f

b0taMumif;rsm; em;axmif&onfhtwGuf pdwfydkif;

qdkif&m xdcdkufrIrsm;udk awGUBuHKcHpm;&Edkifygonf/

- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;taejzifh ¤if;wdkY\ 0rf;enf;zG,f

tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;&ygu pdwfydkif;

qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;udk awGUBuHKcHpm;&Edkif

ygonf/

(p) - tdrf&Sifrsm;u okawoeESifh ywfoufNyD;

pdwfqdk;a'goxGufygu okawoDESifh tdrftul

tvkyform;rsm;taejzifh tMurf;zufcH&rIaMumifh

½kyfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/

- tdrftultvkyform;rsm;taejzifh tdrf&Sifu

pdwfqdk;NyD; tvkyfxkwfonfhtcgrsdK;wGif

tvkyfvufrJhjzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m

xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; cHpm;&Edkifygonf/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pD&Sd

xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;udk avQmhcsEdkifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk



(u) - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;udk wpfBudrfvQif wpfOD;pDESifh

awGUqkHNyD; ajzMum;ay;olrsm;\ udk,fa&;&mZ0ifudk

vQdKU0Sufay;xm;&rnf/

(c) - ar;onfh ar;cGef;rsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;udk

tvGeftrif; pdwfxdcdkufrIjzpfapygu ar;jref;jcif;udk

&yfqdkif;&rnf odkYr[kwf acwåtem;ay;&rnf/

- tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;\ trnfrsm;udk

azmfjycdkif;jcif;tm; a&SmifusOfyg/

- þxd&SvG,facgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD; vlawGU

ar;jref;&mwGif tzGJUvdkufaqG;aEG;jcif; r[kwfbJ

ausmif;om;rsm;udk (txl;ojzifh tEdkifusifhcH&olrsm;

jzpfygu) wpfOD;csif;pD oD;oefYar;jref;yg/

(*) - okawoDu o½kyfjyyGJodkY rwufa&mufoifhyg

odkYr[kwf o½kyfjyyGJwGif aw;*DwtzGJUudk rSwfwrf;wif

½dkuful;jcif; rjyKvkyfoifhyg (¤if;wdkY\ oabm

wlnDcsufr&&SdbJ - BudKwifoabmwlnDxm;jcif;

r&SdbJ)/ aw;*DwtzGJUxHrS ½dkuful;&eftwGuf

oabmwlnDcsuf &&Sdxm;onfhwdkif okawoepDrHudef;

jyifyrS vlrsm;udk jyojcif; odkYr[kwf tGefvdkif;wGif

rQa0jcif;wdkYudk rjyKvkyfoifhyg/ (tcef;i,f 3.2 wGif

oabmwlnDcsuf&,ljcif;ESifh vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;wdkY

taMumif;udk xyfrH&Sif;jyxm;ygonf/)

(C) - okawoDu c&D;rxGufcGmrD vrf;c&D;ESifh &moDOwk

tajctaersm;udk &SmazGavhvmxm;oifhygonf/

c&D;oGm;vQif wwfEdkiforQ vkHNcHKrI&Sdap&ef

BudK;pm;NyD; qdkifu,fOD;xkyfESifh umuG,fay;Edkifaom

t0wftpm;rsm; 0wfqifoifhygonf/

(i) - yg0ifajzMum;olwpfOD;OD;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

umvtwGif; tvGeftrif; 0rf;enf;rIcHpm;vm&ygu

ulnDyHhydk;ay;Edkifonfht&mrsm;udk pdwfynm

uRrf;usifolrsm; odkYr[kwf tawGUtBuHK&Sdaom

okawoDrsm;xHrS tBuHÓPfrsm;awmif;cHyg/

yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk aqG;aEG;vrf;nTefrI odkYr[kwf

pdwfydkif;qdkif&m ulnDyHhydk;ay;onfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\

qufoG,f&ef vdyfpmrsm;udk ajymjyay;yg/


- 49 -

- 0rf;enf;zG,f&m b0ZmwfaMumif;rsm;udk

em;axmifjcif;aMumifh okawoDtwGuf jzpfvmEdkifajc

&Sdaom pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufcHpm;&rIudk

avQmhcs&ef wpfaeYwmtwGif; vltenf;i,fudkom

vlawGUar;jref;jcif; jyKvkyfyg/

(p) - ½dkufESufcHxm;&aom tvkyform;rsm;\

"mwfykHrsm;udk xnfhoGif;rxkwfazmfoifhyg/

3.2 usifh0wfnD okawoe\

t*Fg&yfrsm;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ okawoe taMumif;t&mrsm;? jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom

xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGuf

jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; ponfwdkYudk

yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;xH today;ajymMum;&ef

vdktyfygonf/

2/ yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;ESifh okawoetwGuf ajymjyajzMum;

ay;cJhonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk okawoD

wpfOD;wnf;om od&Sdxm;ygonf/

3/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoe &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;

onf tqdkyg vlrItzGJUtpnf;ay: oufa&mufrI&Sdonfh

tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (odkY) tpdk;&\ qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;tay:

vTrf;rdk;rI &SdEdkifonfhtwGufjzpfonf/


- 50 -

avhusifhcef;


taumif;qkH;tajzudk a&G;cs,f&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ (u)

2/ (C)

3/ (*)


- 51 -

vkyfief;pOf - jyóemudk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfyg


zwf½I&rnf/

1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

tajctaejyjzpf&yfrsm;udk usifh0wfnDokawoe\

t*Fg&yfrsm;xJrS vpf[maeonfhtcsufwpfckckjzifh

wGJpyf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) ½dk;om;rI

(c) oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cHjcif;

(*) vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfxJrS okawoD

taejzifh ¤if;wdkY\ okawoeudk ydkNyD;usifh0wfnDap&ef

rnfodkYvkyfaqmifEdkifaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) okawoewGif tifwmeufenf;ynmtopfrsm;

tokH;jyKjcif; atmifjrifcJhonfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;

a'wmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;azmfjyouJhodkY enf;ynm

topfrsm; tokH;jyKaomfvnf; atmifjrifrIr&SdcJhonfh

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;\ a'wmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;

azmfjyjcif;jzifh okawoeudk ydkNyD;½dk;om;rI&Sdap&efESifh

ydkrdkwdusapEdkifygonf/

(c) okawoDu okawoepDrHudef;wGif oabmwlnDcsuf

vufrSwfa&;xdk;&ef jiif;qdkonfh ausmif;om;rsm;udk

xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif; rjyKvkyfoifhay/

¤if;taejzifh tpD&ifcHpmudk tNyD;owfa&;om;NyD;

rxkwfa0cif tqdkygausmif;om;rsm;\ rnfonfh

a'wmrsm;udkrqdk z,fxkwfoifhygonf/

(*) okawoDu yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ ajzMum;csufrsm;

xJrS okawoeacgif;pOfESifh qufET,frI&Sdonfh

tcsuftvufrsm;udkom xnfhoGif;azmfjyNyD;

yg0ifajzMum;oludk tvG,fwulodEdkifonfh

rnfonfh yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udkrqdk

rxnfhoGif;rdap&ef txl;*½kjyKoifhygonf/

vkyfief;pOf - usifh0wfnD okawoetwGuf

vrf;nTefcsufrsm;

• ESpfa,mufwGJpD odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u usifh0wfnDokawoetwGuf

vdkufem&ef pnf;rsOf;OyrmESpfckudk zwf½I&rnf/

1/ ¤if;OyrmESpfckonf rnfodkY qifwlnDaeMuaMumif;



OyrmESpfckpvkH;wGif xdcdkufemusifaprIrsm;udk

azmfjyxm;NyD; ¤if;wdkYESpfckpvkH;ü okawoewGif

½dk;om;rI&Sd&efudkvnf; oG,f0dkufaom enf;vrf;jzifh

tBuHjyKxm;ygonf (ESOMAR OyrmwGif yGifhvif;

jrifomrI&Sdjcif;ESifh UNESCO OyrmwGif okawoe\

t&nftaoG;)/

2/ ¤if;OyrmESpfckonf rnfodkY uGJjym;jcm;em;MuaMumif;



ESOMAR OyrmwGif vQdKU0Sufxm;rIudk (yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m

a'wmrsm;udk umuG,fjcif;) oG,f0dkufpGm tBuHjyKxm;

aomfvnf; UNESCO OyrmwGif razmfjyxm;yg/

UNESCO OyrmwGif Oya'qdkif&m taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

azmfjyxm;aomfvnf; ESOMAR OyrmwGif

razmfjyxm;yg/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u vrf;nTefcsufrsm;pm&if; (þpmtkyf

twGuf oD;oefYa&;om;xm;onf) udk zwf½I&rnf/

• vrf;nTefcsufrsm; (u-p) udk vdkufem&ef

pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh wGJpyf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) ESOMAR iii and UNESCO iii

(c) ESOMAR i and ii

(*) ESOMAR iii and UNESCO iii

(C) ESOMAR iii and UNESCO iii

(i) ESOMAR i and UNESCO i

4/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u usifh0wfnDokawoe

vrf;nTefcsufrsm;pm&if;wGif tjcm;aom

vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udk xyfrHaygif;xnfh&rnf/

5/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe

pDrHudef;rsm;twGuf usifh0wfqdkif&m vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udk

a&;om;&rnf/ vdktyfygu &SdNyD;om; Oyrmrsm;udk

tokH;jyK&ef odkYr[kwf ajymif;vJ&ef a&G;cs,fEdkifygonf/

• pm&if;pm&Gufudk eH&Hay:wGifuyfyg/ þbmom&yf

wpfavQmufvkH;wGif ¤if;pm&if;rsm;udk udk;um;tokH;jyK

oGm;&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk wdkufwGef;tm;ay;yg/


- 52 -

vkyfief;pOf - vufawGUavhusifhrI usifh0wfrsm;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ay;xm;aom tajctaejy

jzpf&yfrsm;udk zwf½INyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/

• jzpf&yfavhvmcsufqdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&eftwGuf

pHEIef;rsm;tjzpf jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom xdcdkufemusifaprI

trsdK;tpm;rsm; (pm - 46-48 wGif pm&if;azmfjyxm;onf)

ESifh usifh0wfnDokawoe\ t*Fg&yfrsm; (pm - 49-50)

udk &SmazG&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk owday;yg/


1/ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - okawoDu tqdkyg

aus;&GmodkY oGm;vm&mwGif xdcdkufemusifrIrsm; cHpm;&

Edkifonf/ tmPmydkifrsm;u (tjcm;tpktzGJUrsm;u)

okawoeESifh ywfoufNyD; rauseyfygu &Gmom;rsm;

twGuf ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m tEÅ&m,f&SdEdkifygonf/

pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifapjcif; - tcsdKUaom

v,form;rsm;onf twdwfumvwGif vufeufudkif

y#dyu©rsm;udk &ifqdkifawGUBuHKcJhzl;onfhtwGuf

tqdkyg tawGUtBuHKrsm;taMumif; ajymqdkjcif;aMumifh

pdwfxdcdkufrI cHpm;&Edkifygonf/

w&m;a&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - okawoDtaejzifh

EdkifiHa&;t& xd&SvG,fonfh ae&ma'orsm;odkY

c&D;oGm;vmjcif;aMumifh 'ku©a&mufEdkifygonf/

aus;&GmrS &Gmom;rsm;onfvnf; EdkifiHa&;t& xd&SvG,f

taMumif;t&mrsm;udk okawoDtm; ajymjyonfhtwGuf

'ku©a&mufEdkifygonf/

vlrIa&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - ¤if;aus;&Gmonf

twdwfumvwGif vufeufudkify#dyu©rsm;udk &ifqdkif

awGUBuHKcJhzl;onfhtwGuf tqdkyg aus;&Gmtm; EdkifiHa&;

taMumif;t&mrsm; ar;jref;ajymqdkjcif;jzifh rwlnDonfh

EdkifiHa&;½Iaxmifhrsm;&SdMuonfh &Gmom;rsm; odkYr[kwf

rwlnDonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; (odkYr[kwf vufeufudkif

tzGJUrsm;) udk axmufcHonfh &Gmom;rsm;tMum;

vlrIa&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrIrsm; jzpfvmapEdkifygonf/

pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - okawoeaMumifh

yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;u tvkyftudkif&yfem;&ygu -

txl;ojzifh vlawGUar;jref;&mwGif tcsdefMumjrifhvGef;jcif;

- ¤if;okawoeonf tqdkygaus;&GmtwGuf pD;yGm;a&;

qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm; jzpfapEdkifygonf/

oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cHjcif; - okawoDu

okawoe\ &nf&G,fcsuf? vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGuf

tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;ESifh yg0ifajzqdkrnfh &Gmom;rsm;tay:

oufa&mufEdkifajc&Sdonfh tEÅ&m,frsm; ponfwdkYudk

&Sif;jyNyD; okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;&eftwGuf

oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cH&ef vdktyfygonf/

vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif; - okawoDu &Gmom;rsm; wpfOD;ESifh

wpfOD; odkYr[kwf tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh jyóemr&Sdap&ef

twGuf ¤if;wdkY\ trnfrsm;? vdyfpmrsm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m

,kHMunfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk

vkHNcHKrI&Sdap&ef *½kpdkufoifhygonf/

½dk;om;rI - okawoeudk axmufyHhay;aom

tzGJUtpnf;u aus;vufa'orsm;onf 'Drdkua&pDudk

ydkNyD;pdwf0ifpm;MuaMumif; azmfjycsifonf/ okawoDu

okawoeonf axmufyHhaMu;ay;aom tzGJUtpnf;\

vdkvm;csufrsm;udk OD;pm;ray;bJ &Gmol &Gmom;rsm;

wifjyonfhtcsufrsm;udk ½dk;om;pGmESifh wduspGm

*½kwpdkuf owdxm;&rnf/ &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;xJwGif

jrefrmpum; rajymwwfaom &Gmom;rsm;&SdonfhtwGuf

¤if;wdkY\ tjrif½Iaxmifhrsm;udk okawoe&v'frsm;wGif

xnfhoGif;azmfjyEdkif&efvnf; BudK;pm;oifhygonf/

2/ okawoDu okawoe\ &nf&G,fcsuf? aus;&GmtwGuf

tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;ESifh jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tEÅ&m,frsm;udk

&Sif;jyNyD;aemuf &Gmom;rsm;ESifh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;tpwGif

oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cHoifhygonf/

3/ (u) pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - þar;cGef;ESifh

ywfoufNyD; xyfrHar;jref;jcif;rjyKbJ tjcm;ar;cGef;rsm;

ar;jref;jcif;jzifh (odkY) vlawGUar;jref;rIudk

&yfwefYjcif;ESifh yg0ifajzMum;oltm; tem;,lapjcif;ESifh

qufvufajzMum;&ef qE&Sd r&Sd qkH;jzwfapjcif;jzifh

pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrIudk avQmhcsEdkifygonf/

(c) pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - &Gmom;rsm;twGuf

jyóemrsm;pGm jzpfapygu tpD&ifcHpm xkwfjyef&mwGif

&Gmom;rsm;udk twif;wufa&mufcdkif;jcif; rjyKvkyf

ygESifh/ jzpfEdkifygu yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ c&D;oGm;vm

p&dwfESifh tvkyfysufonfh epfemaMu;rsm;udk

pdkufxkwfay;yg/

(*) w&m;a&;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifrI - &Gmom;rsm;u

EdkifiHa&;taMumif;t&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;cJhNyD; trnfrsm;

odkYr[kwf "mwfykHrsm;jzifh rnfolrnf0g cGJjcm;azmfxkwf

Edkifygu (odkY) axmufyHhaMu;ay;aom tzGJUtpnf;u

¤if;wdkY\ udk,fa&;tcsuftvufrsm;udk tmPmydkifrsm;

xHodkY wifjyygu ¤if;&Gmom;rsm;onf 'ku©a&mufEdkif

ygonf/ þtcsufonf vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;ESifh

oabmwlnDcsuf awmif;cHjcif;qdkif&m udpö&yfwpfck

jzpfonf/ yg0ifajzMum;onfh &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;\

o½kyfvu©Pmudk qufvufvQdKU0Sufxm;Edkif&eftwGuf

¤if;wdkYudk azmfxkwf&ef tokH;jyKEdkifonfh tcsuftvuf

rsm;? trnfrsm;ESifh "mwfykHrsm;udk a'wmrsm;xJrS

z,fxkwfyg/ axmufyHhaMu;ay;aom tzGJUtpnf;

taejzifh &Gmom;rsm;xHrS rSwfpkrsm; tokH;jyK&eftwGuf

oabmwlnDcsuf pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk (trnfrsm;ESifh

"mwfykHrsm; z,f&Sm;xm;aom) vdktyfygvdrfhrnf/


- 53 -


- 54 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - okawoe usifh0wfrsm;





ajcmufckajrmufjzpfonf/











1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom okawoe

pDrHudef;wGif &ifqdkifBuHKawGU&Edkifonfh usifh0wfqdkif&m

udpö&yfrsm; odkYr[kwf jyóemrsm;udk pdwful;pOf;pm;

Munfh&rnf (Oyrm - vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;? yg0if

ajzMum;olrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYudk,fwdkif\ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&mESifh

pdwfydkif;qdkif&m vkHNcHKa&;? okawoe\ t&nftaoG;?

w&m;a&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;? pojzifh)/


okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;wGif usifh0wfqdkif&m xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;csufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u usifh0wfqdkif&m okawoe vkyfief;

twGuf nTefMum;csufrsm;pm&if; (pm - 51-52) udk

Munfh½INyD; tqdkyg nTefMum;csufrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\

okawoe pDrHudef;ESifh rnfodkY qufET,frI&SdaMumif;

aqG;aEG;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf




- 55 -

tcef; 4 -

ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmrsm;


- 56 -

4.1 ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmrsm;

tBudKavhvmcsuf

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmxJ&Sd ar;cGef;rsm;udk

zwf½INyD; ajzMum;&rnf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;udk

EIdif;,SOf&rnf/

3/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/


- 57 -


- 58 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf

rSefuefaMumif; odkYr[kwf rSm;,Gif;aMumif;

qkH;jzwf&rnf/

• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefatmif jyifqifa&;om;&rnf/


1/ rSefygonf

2/ rSefygonf

3/ rSm;ygonf - vlawGUar;jref;olwpfOD;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk

ar;jref;NyD; tajzrsm;udk jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;onfh

vlawGUar;jref;rI tajzvTmxJwGif jznfhpGufa&;om;

ygonf/

4/ rSefygonf

5/ rSm;ygonf - ajzMum;olu ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;udk

udk,fwdkifjznfhpGuf&onfh ar;cGef;vTmxJ jznfhpGuf&onf

(odkYr[kwf ay;xm;aom a&G;cs,fp&m tajzrsm;xJrS

a&G;cs,f&onf)/

6/ rSm;ygonf - EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH&Sd vlOD;a&taMumif;t&m

tcsuftvufrsm;udk &SmazG&eftwGuf oef;acgifpm&if;

wpfckudk ykHrSeftm;jzifh tpdk;&u aumuf,lygonf/

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf

1-2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½INyD;

ar;cGef;rsm;tm; ajzMum;&rnf/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u pmrsufESm 152 &Sd ppfwrf;

ar;cGef;vTmudk zwf½I&rnf/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh

wpfOD;u pmrsufESm 152 &Sd jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;onfh

vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ar;cGef;vTmxJrS ar;cGef;rsm;udk

ar;jref;onfh tjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyform;

tzGJUtpnf;\ vlawGUar;jref;oltjzpf

o½kyfaqmifNyD; wGJzufjzpfolu yg0ifajzMum;ay;ol

tjzpf o½kyfaqmifí o½kyfazmfwifqufrIwpfck

aqmif&Guf&rnf/

4/ ¤if;wdkYu tjyeftvSef Zmwfaumifajymif;vJNyD;

ar;cGef;vTmxJrS ar;cGef;rsm;udk aemufwpfBudrf

jyefvnfar;jref; ajzMum;Mu&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ vkyfom;tiftm;pkESifh ywfoufNyD; wdusí

,kHMunfvufcHEdkifaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&Sd&ef/

2/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfck/


- 59 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf

• ausmif;om;rsm;u jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudk zwf½I&rnf/

1/ xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) ausmif;om;ESifh q&mrsm;

(c) - ausmif;om;ESifh q&mrsm;twGuf

uRrf;usifrIrsm;\ ta&;ygrI

- ausmif;om;rsm;\ uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIqdkif&m

A[kokwESifh vkyfudkifEdkifpGrf;

wdk;wufajymif;vJrIEIef;

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u rkcfOD;ynma&;tzGJU\ oif,la&;

uRrf;usifrIqdkif&m ausmif;om;ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmudk

jznfhpGuf&rnf/

3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh tajzrsm;udk EIdif;,SOf&rnf/


- 60 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf

• ausmif;om;rsm;u pmrsufESm 60-61 &Sd

jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;udk zwf½Iyg/

• ¤if;wdkYu ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/


1/ jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf ]u} twGuf ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk

tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJwGif yg0ifolrsm;xHrS jyefvnf

tBuHjyKcsufrsm; tvG,fwul vsifjrefpGm &&SdEdkif&ef

twGuf tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/ jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf ]c}

twGuf ar;cGef;vTmrsm; tokH;jyKjcif;\ tusdK;aus;Zl;

wpfckrSm EdkifiH\ vlOD;a&BuD;wpf&yfvkH;ESifh ywfoufonfh

tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,l&ef tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/

2/ - jzpf&yfavhvmcsufESpfckpvkH;wGif ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk

tokH;jyKcJhMuygonf/

- ESpfckpvkH;onf yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ udk,fa&;

tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,lcJhygonf/

- aumuf,lcJhaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk qkH;jzwfcsuf

csrSwf&mwGif xnfhoGif;tokH;jyKcJhygonf/

3/ - oef;acgifpm&if; ppfwrf;onf vlOD;a&BuD;wpf&yfvkH;

xHrS a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,lcJhNyD; tvkyf½kH

aqG;aEG;yGJ ppfwrf;udk vlenf;pk tzGJUwpfzGJU\

tcsuftvufrsm; aumuf,l&mwGif tokH;jyKcJh

ygonf/

- oef;acgifpm&if;onf wpfoD;yk*¾vrsm;\

tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,lcJhNyD; tvkyf½kH

aqG;aEG;yGJ ppfwrf;onf vlrsm;\ tjrifESifh

ywfoufonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk

aumuf,lcJhygonf/

- oef;acgifpm&if;a'wmrsm;udk tpdk;&u tokH;jyKNyD;

tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJ ppfwrf;rS a'wmrsm;udk tpdk;&

r[kwfonfh tzGJUtpnf;wpfck (ukvor*¾) u

tokH;jyKcJhygonf/


- 61 -

aqG;aEG;csuf

1/ wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh



uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm; - wpfckonf pum;ajymqdkjcif;

jzpfNyD; tjcm;wpfckonf a&;om;xm;onfh

pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKygonf/ vlawGU

ar;jref;onfhwpfckudk vkyfaqmif&ef vlESpfOD;

vdktyfygonf/

qifwlnDcsufrsm; - ESpfckpvkH;wGif ppfwrf;okawoeudk

tokH;jyKcJhMuNyD; ESpfckpvkH;wGif ar;cGef;rsm;

ar;jref;cJhygonf/


- 62 -

4.2 ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTm

wpfapmif zefwD;

a&;om;jcif;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ okawoeESifh nTefMum;csufrsm;qdkif&m tajccH

owif;tcsuftvufrsm;/

2/ ta&;BuD;qkH; ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh aus;Zl;wifaMumif;

ajymMum;jcif;/


- 63 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm; (u-n) udk pmrsufESm

62-63 wGif azmfjyxm;aom ar;cGef;acgif;pOf

trsdK;tpm;rsm; (1-4) atmufwGif a&G;cs,fa&;om;yg/

tajzrsm;

1/ u? n

2/ c? *? i? q? ps

3/ C? Z

4/ p

vkyfief;pOf - ppfwrf;ar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;yg

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfwrf;ar;cGef;acgif;pOf wpfckpDwdkif;

- yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;? pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh

,kHMunfrIrsm;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;? todtjrifqdkif&m

ar;cGef;rsm;? tawGUtBuHKqdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm; - twGuf

Oyrm ar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;&rnf/

2/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\

ar;cGef;rsm;udk tvSnfhuszwfjy&rnfjzpfNyD; tjcm;

ausmif;om;rsm;u zwfjyonfh ar;cGef;rsm;onf

rnfonfh ppfwrf;ar;cGef;acgif;pOfwGif yg0ifaMumif;



- 64 -


- 65 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;onf tzGifhar;cGef;

odkYr[kwf tydwfar;cGef;rsm;jzpfaMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf

&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ tydwfar;cGef;jzpfonf (tajzrSm [kwfonf odkYr[kwf

r[kwfyg jzpfonf)

2/ tydwfar;cGef;jzpfonf (a&G;cs,f&rnfh tajzrsm;udk

uefYowfxm;onf)

3/ tzGifhar;cGef;jzpfonf (þar;cGef;twGuf tajzrsm;onf

wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; rwlnDEdkifyg)

4/ tydwfar;cGef;jzpfonf (wpfpkHwpfOD; tvkyfodkYoGm;&ef

twGuf tokH;jyKEdkifaom o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;

trsdK;tpm;rsm;onf tuefYtowf&Sdygonf - Oyrm

- vrf;avQmufjcif;? pufbD;pD;jcif;? qdkuúm;? qdkifu,f?

um;? wuúpD? bwfpfum;? &xm;)

5/ tzGifhar;cGef;jzpfonf (0ifa&mufMunfh½IEdkifonfh

0ufbfqdk'frsm;pGm &SdaeonfhtwGuf ajzMum;csufrsm;

tm;vkH;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;Edkifygonf)

6/ tzGifhar;cGef;jzpfonf (þar;cGef;twGuf

vlwpfOD;csif;pDu rwlnDonfh tajzrsm;

ajzMum;Edkifonf)

7/ tydwfar;cGef;jzpfonf (jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tBudrfa&aygif;

tuefYtowf&Sdygonf)


- 66 -

vkyfief;pOf - ppfwrf;ar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;yg (2)

• wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD odkYr[kwf

tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;trsdK;tpm;

wpfckcsif;pD\ Oyrmrsm;udk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ&rnf/

¤if;Oyrmrsm;onf okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&ef

tultnDjzpfap&ygrnf/


1/ t*Fvdyfpmbmom&yfudk tb,faMumifh avhvm&oenf;/

2/ ocsFmbmom&yfonf ta&;BuD;aom uRrf;usifrIwpfck

[kwfygovm;/ [kwfygonf/ r[kwfyg/

3/ 1-10 EIef;xm;t& enf;ynmuRrf;usifrIonf rnfrQ

ta&;BuD;ygoenf;/

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4/ ]vlrItzGJUtpnf; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIonf uREfkyf\ tem*wf

twGuf ta&;BuD;aom acgif;pOfwpfckjzpfonf/}

1/ vkH;0oabmrwlyg

2/ oabmrwlyg

3/ Mum;ae

4/ oabmwlonf

5/ vkH;0oabmwlonf

5/ atmufygbmom&yfrsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ ta&;ygrIvdkuf

tqifhcGJowfrSwfyg/ 1 onf ta&;ygrI tenf;qkH;jzpfNyD;

6 onf ta&;ygrI tjrifhqkH;jzpfonf/

- t*Fvdyfbmom

- ocsFm

- odyÜH

- IT

- vlrItzGJUtpnf; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;

- vlrIa&;odyÜH

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf


• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/

tajzrsm;

1/ jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;&Sd Oya'? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh

vlYtodkuft0ef;qdkif&m okawoejyKpkjcif;/ MSR tzGJUonf aps;uGuf? vlrIa&;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usif

qdkif&m okawoersm;udkvnf; vkyfaqmifygonf/

2/ 0,f,lokH;pGJol tavhtxajymif;vJrI ppfwrf;u

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;taejzifh xkwfukef odkYr[kwf

0efaqmifrItopfrsm;udk zefwD;xkwfvkyf&mwGif

taxmuftuljyKap&eftwGuf 0,f,lokH;pGJolrsm;\

BudKufESpfoufrI? vdktyfcsufESifh vdktyfqE´rsm;udk &SmazG

azmfxkwfay;ygonf/

3/ (u) onf tawGUtBuHKqdkif&m ar;cGef;wpfckjzpfygonf/

(c) onf pdwfaeoabmxm;? ,kHMunfcsufrsm;ESifh

pHwefzdk;rsm;qdkif&m ar;cGef;wpfckjzpfygonf/

4/ (u) onf tydwfar;cGef;wpfckjzpfonf/

(c) onf tqifhcGJowfrSwfcdkif;onfh ar;cGef;wpfck

jzpfonf/


5/ vQdKU0Sufxm;rIjzpfonf/ MSR tzGJUu ppfwrf;rS

&&Sdvmaom yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk

vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;jzifh vdkufemusifhokH;ygonf/


- 67 -

aqG;aEG;csuff



tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - vlrItzGJUtpnf;rS

0,f,lokH;pGJol tavhtxajymif;vJrIppfwrf;


ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ausmif; odkYr[kwf

vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGuf taxmuftuljzpfaprnfh

acgif;pOfwpfcktwGuf 0,f,lpm;okH;ol tavhtx

ajymif;vJrI ppfwrf;wpfckudk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ&rnf/

2/ ¤if;ppfwrf;udk pmoifcef;xJwGif prf;oyftokH;jyK

&rnf/

3/ vufawGUusygu ¤if;wdkYywf0ef;usif&Sd a'ocH

vlrsm;udk ppfwrf;aumuf,lí twef;odkY tpD&ifcH

wifjy&rnf/


- 68 -

4.3 vlOD;a&ESifh pHerlem

aumuf,ljcif;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ rsm;pGmaom vlpk? vlOD;a&\ &mcdkifEIef; - 100 - 1000 -

vlwdkif;tm;vkH;/

rSwfcsuf/ / oabmw&m;t& ppfwrf;aumuf,laom

vlOD;a&onf vkHavmufrI&SdonfhtcgwGif ppfwrf;\

&v'frsm;onf vlOD;a&BuD;wpf&yfvkH;twGuf a,bk,s

aumufcsufqGJEdkifygonf/

2/ trsdK;om;ESifh trsdK;orD;? rwljcm;em;aom wdkif;&if;om;

tpktzGJUrsm;? vlBuD;ESifh vli,f? &yf&GmtzGJUtpnf;

acgif;aqmifrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;? tao;pm;pD;yGm;a&;

vkyfief;ydkif&Sifrsm;? a&TUajymif;aexdkifolrsm;

tp&Sdojzifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;wpfck\ rwlnDaom

tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh rwluGJjym;aom

tpktzGJUrsm;/ wpfzGJUcsif;pD\ erlemwpfckpDudk &&Sd&ef

*½kpdkufoifhygonf/


- 69 -

avhusifhcef;



tajzrsm;

1/ (c)

2/ (u)

3/ (c)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u vlOD;a& (1-2) udk oufqdkif&m

pHEIef;rsm; (u-Z) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ (c)? (*)? (C)? (q)

2/ (u)? (i)? (p)? (Z)


- 70 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf


• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vuf&Sd zGifhvSpfxm;aom

pmMunfhwdkufrsm;

2/ (u) tokH;jyKEdkifaom taqmufttkHwpfck&Sd&rnf/

(C) jynfolrsm;u pmMunfhwdkufrS pmtkyfrsm;udk

iSm;&rf;Edkifonf/

(i) pmMunfhwdkufwGuf vuf&Sdtvkyfvkyfaeaom

0efxrf;rsm;&Sd&rnf/

(p) pmMunfhwdkufwGif pmtkyfrsm; 0,f,l&efESifh

0efxrf;rsm;tm; vpmay;&ef bwf*suf&Sd&rnf/

(n) pmMunfhwdkufwGif jynfolrsm; iSm;&rf;zwf½IEdkifaom

pmtkyfrsm;&Sdonf/

rSwfcsuf/ / tcsdKUausmif;om;rsm;u ]c/ pmMunfhwdkuf

wGif tifwmeuf csdwfquftokH;jyKEdkifonf}

udk pHEIef;wpfcktjzpf a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ odkYaomf

¤if;tcsufonf avhvmcsufxJ&Sd vuf&Sdvnfywfaeaom

pmMunfhwdkufwpfcktjzpf todtrSwfjyKcH&&ef pHEIef;wpfck

r[kwfacs/ ¤if;tcsufonf tjcm;pHEIef;rsm;jzifh

pmMunfhwdkufrsm;udk vuf&Sdvnfywfaeaom

pmMunfhwdkufwpfcktjzpf azmfxkwfNyD;onfhtcgwGif

vnfywfaeaom pmMunfhwdkuftm;vkH;udk

okH;oyftuJjzwfoGm;rnfh &if;jrpfwpfckomjzpfonf/


- 71 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - vlOD;a&


okawoe pDrHudef;wpfcktm; tprStqkH;xd jyifqif


]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS

ckESpfckajrmufjzpfonf/







vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf

tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf odkYr[kwf

tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkif

ygonf/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoetwGuf vlOD;a&

ESifh ¤if;vlOD;a&twGif;ü xnfhoGif;tokH;jyKoGm;rnfh

oifhavsmfaom pHEIef;rsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ¤if;wdkY\ vlOD;a&ESifh

oifhavsmfaom pHEIef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/

rSwfcsuf/ / usyef;erlemaumuf,ljcif; enf;vrf;udk

aumif;pGmaqmif&Guf&ef cufcJygonf/ ,ckrSpwifrnfh

okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf pdppfa&G;cs,ferlem

aumuf,ljcif;? vG,fuloufom erlemaumuf,ljcif;ESifh

ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,ljcif; enf;vrf;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\

okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;twGuf ydkNyD;oifhavsmfonfhykHpH

awGU&Edkifygonf/

okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf ta&;BuD;qkH;tcsufrSm

¤if;wdkY\ okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;ay;olrsm;ESifh

tqdkygvlrsm;tm; od&Sd&SmazGcJhonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk

&Sif;jy&mwGif wdusrI&Sd&efESifh ½dk;om;rI&Sd&efwdkYyJjzpfonf/


- 72 -

avhusifhcef;


rSefuefaMumif; odkYr[kwf rSm;,Gif;aMumif;

qkH;jzwf&rnf/

• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefaom xkwfjyefcsufrsm;jzpfatmif

jyifqifa&;om;&rnf/


1/ rSm;ygonf - usyef;erlem&&Sd&eftwGuf vlOD;a&wpf&yf

twGif;rS vlrsm;tm;vkH;onf a&G;cs,fcH&cGifh wlnDap&ef

bufvdkufrIr&SdbJ usyef;a&G;cs,f&ygrnf/

2/ rSefygonf/

3/ rSm;ygonf - usyef;erlemaumuf,ljcif; qdkonfrSm

yg0ifajzMum;rnfholrsm;udk a&G;cs,fcH&&ef tcGifhta&;

wlnDonfh vlOD;a&wpf&yfxHrS bufvdkufrIr&SdbJ

a&G;cs,fjcif; jzpfonf/

4/ rSm;ygonf - pdppfa&G;cs,f erlemaumuf,lenf;onf

vlOD;a&wpf&yftwGif;&Sd rwljcm;em;onfh tpktzGJUrsm;

tm;vkH;xHrS ajzMum;csufrsm;&&Sd&ef BudK;pm;ay;onf/

ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;onf vlrsm;\

qufqHa&; tay:wGif rSDcdk&ygonf/ odkYrSomvQif

yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;u okawoevlOD;a&wGif

xnfhoGif;&ef twGuf pHEIef;ESifhudkufnDaom tjcm;

vlrsm;udk okawoDESifh rdwfqufay;Edkifygonf/

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDonf

usyef;? pdppfa&G;cs,f? vG,fuloufom odkYr[kwf

ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;rsm;\ Oyrmwpfck

[kwf^r[kwf qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ pdppfa&G;cs,f erlemaumuf,lenf;

2/ usyef;erlemaumuf,lenf;

3/ ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;

4/ vG,fuloufom erlemaumuf,lenf;


- 73 -

vkyfief;pOf - tajctaejy jzpf&yfrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfyg


zwf½I&rnf/

1/ jzpf&yfrsm;wGif rnfonfh erlemaumuf,ljcif;

trsdK;tpm;udk tokH;jyKxm;aMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) pdppfa&G;cs,f erlemaumuf,lenf;

(c) ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;

(*) usyef;erlemaumuf,lenf;

2/ okawoDu tajctaejyjzpf&yfxJwGif tokH;jyKcJhaom

erlemaumuf,lenf;udk tb,faMumifh tokH;jyKcJhaMumif;

ausmif;om;rsm;u cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/


(u) okawoeonf ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh vlOD;a&wpf&yfudk

udk,fpm;jyKEdkif&eftwGuf rwlnDonfh tpktzGJUrsm;

xHrS vlrsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;csifonfhtwGufaMumifh

jzpfonf/

(c) okawoDu v,form;rsm;udk tjcm;aom

yg0if ajzMum;rnfholrsm;ESifh rdwfqufay;&ef

vdktyfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

v,f,majr tjiif;yGm;rI &ifqdkifaeolrsm; rnfol

rnf0g jzpfaMumif; v,form;rsm;u od&SdMuNyD;

v,form;rsm;\ rdwfqufay;jcif; ryg0ifbJ

&SmazG&ef cufcJonfhtwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/

(*) okawoDu erlema&G;cs,f&mwGif tdrfaxmifpkrsm;udk

bufvdkufrIr&SdbJ usyef;a&G;cs,fEdkif&eftwGuf

(Oyrm - ig;tdrfwpfpk tdrfaxmifpkwdkif;)

tdrfaxmifpk pm&if;udk vdktyfygonf/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tokH;jyKcJhaom erlemaumuf,lenf;

rsm;\ tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufrsm;udk


rSwfcsuf/ / tajctaejyjzpf&yfxJwGif

azmfjyxm;cJhaom erlemaumuf,lenf;udk tokH;jyKí

a&G;cs,fxm;onfh yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;xHrS &&SdEdkifaom

tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh r&&SdEdkifonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk

pOf;pm;Munfh&ef wdkufwGef;tm;ay;yg/ tajctaejyjzpf&yf

(u) twGuf tajzrsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh

twlvkyfaqmif&ef Oyrmwpfcktaejzifh oiftokH;jyKEdkif

ygonf/


(u) tm;omcsufwpfcsufrSm okawoDrsm;u

ajr,m y#dyu©ESifh ywfoufNyD; rwlnDonfh

tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh rwlnDonfh tpktzGJUrsm;tay:

oufa&mufrIrsm;udk avhvmoif,lEdkifygonf/

tm;enf;csuf wpfcsufrSm okawoDrsm;u

&yf&GmxJ&Sd vlwdkif;twGuf jyóem\oufa&mufrI

uGm[csufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; wdusaoma'wmrsm;

r&&SdEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/

(c) þenf;vrf;\ tm;omcsufwpfcsufrSm okawoD

taejzifh a'wmrsm;udk ½dk;&Sif;vG,fulpGm aumuf,l

Edkifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ tm;enf;csufwpfcsufrSm

okawoD taejzifh &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd ydkrdkeuf½Idif;onfh

tajctaeudk wduspGm xif[yfEdkifpGrf; r&Sdjcif;

jzpfEdkifygonf/

(*) þenf;vrf;\ tm;omcsufwpfcsufrSm

vlOD;a& wpf&yfvkH;udk xif[yfrI&Sdonfh

owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&Sdapjcif; jzpfEdkifygonf/

tm;enf;csuf wpfcsufrSm tcsdKUaom tdrfaxmifpkrsm;

taejzifh okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;vdkonfh

qE´r&Sdjcif; jzpfonf/

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf


• xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/

tajzrsm;

1/ jrefrmEdkifiH tylydkif;a'o&Sd tdrfaxmifpkrsm;xJrS

tcsdKUu a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm; apvTwfMuNyD; tcsdKU

tdrfaxmifpkrsm;u apvTwfjcif; r&SdMuacs/

2/ vG,fuloufom erlemaumuf,lenf;ESifh pdppfa&G;cs,f

erlemaumuf,lenf;/ okawoeudk HelpAge International tzGJU vkyfudkifcJhzl;aom NrdKUe,frsm;wGif

aqmif&GufonfhtwGuf tqdkyg NrdKUe,frsm;&Sd

a'ocHrsm;udk od&SdNyD;om; odkYr[kwf qufoG,f&ef

vdyfpm &SdNyD;om; jzpfonfhtwGufaMumifh vG,fuloufom

erlem aumuf,lenf;udk tokH;jyK&jcif;jzpfonf/

okawoDrsm;u ppfwrf;rsm;udk EIdif;,SOfEdkifap&efESifh

a&G;cs,fxm;onfh tdrfaxmifpkrsm;onf pHEIef;ESifh

udkufnDrI &Sdap&eftwGuf ppfwrf;aumuf,lonfh

NrdKUe,frsm;udk pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;

tqifhESifh vlOD;a& t&G,ftpm;ay: tajccHNyD;

a&G;cs,fcJhonfhtwGuf pdppfa&G;cs,f erlem

aumuf,lenf;udk tokH;jyKygonf/


- 74 -

3/ a&TUajymif;vkyfom; tenf;qkH;wpfOD;&Sdonfh

tdrfaxmifpkrsm;ESifh a&TUajymif;vkyfom;r&Sdonfh

tdrfaxmifpkrsm;/


4/ ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,lenf;wGif okawoDtaejzifh

wpfOD;OD;u a&TUajymif;vkyfom;&Sdonfh tdrfaxmifpk

wpfckudk rdwfqufay;&ef vdktyfNyD; tqdkyg

tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;rS wpfqifh tjcm;aom a&TUajymif;

vkyfom; &Sdonfh tdrfaxmifpkrsm;udk xyfrHrdwfqufay;&ef

vdktyfygonf/ a&TUajymif;vkyfom;r&Sdonfh

tdrfaxmifpkrsm; udkvnf; xdkenf;vnf;aumif;

aqmif&Guf& ygonf/

usyef;erlemaumuf,lenf;wGif tdrfaxmifpkrsm;udk

ykHrSefa&G;cs,fonfhpepfjzifh a&G;cs,fjcif;yg0ifonf -

Oyrm - okawoejyKvkyfonfh NrdKUe,frS tdrfaxmifpk

pm&if; rSwfwrf;xJu 5 Budrfajrmuf odkYr[kwf 10

Budrfajrmuf tdrfaxmifpkwdkif;udk a&G;cs,fjcif;/

þenf;vrf;wGif awGU&Edkifaom jyóemwpfckrSm

tdrfaxmifpk pm&if; rSwfwrf;udk Munfh½Ijcif;tm;jzifh

¤if;tdrfaxmifpkrsm;onf a&TUajymif;vkyfom;&Sdaom

odkYr[kwf r&Sdaom tdrfaxmifpkrsm;jzpfaMumif;

okawoDrsm;u rod&SdEdkifjcif;yifjzpfonf/

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - erlemaumuf,ljcif;




]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS

&Spfckajrmuf jzpfonf/


tm;vkH; twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom awmufavQmuf

tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf

ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif

¤if;wdkY a&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cifokawoe acgif;pOfrsm;

odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;?




rSwfcsuf/ / ausmif;om;rsm;u erlemaumuf,ljcif;

enf;vrf;rsm;udk rqkH;jzwfrD ¤if;wdkY\ okawoewGif

rnfolrsm;^rnfonfh vlOD;a&rsm; yg0ifrnfjzpfaMumif;

yxrOD;pGm *½kwpdkuf pOf;pm;Mu&ef owday;yg/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;twGuf

rnfonfh erlemaumuf,lenf;onf toifhavsmfqkH;

jzpfaMumif;ESifh ¤if;erlemykHpHudk rnfodkY aumuf,loGm;rnf

jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/


okawoe pDrHudef;wGif erlemaumuf,lenf;rsm;udk

rnfodkY tokH;jyKoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf




erlemaumuf,lenf;vrf;rsm;twGuf erlemaumuf,l&ef

vkyfaqmifp&mrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ xda&mufrI&SdNyD; wdusaom

erlemaumuf,ljcif;onf tvGefcufcJNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd

okawoe tawmfrsm;rsm;twGuf jzpfEdkifajcr&Sday/ erlem

aumuf,l&ef twGuf tokH;jyKEdkifonfh vlrsm;? tdrfaxmifpk

rsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm; tp&Sdojzifh wdusaom erlemvlOD;a&

pm&if; vdktyfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif wdusonfh pm&if;

rsm;pGm r&SdEdkifouJhodkY pm&if;rsm;udk &&Sd&efvnf; tvGef

cufcJEdkif ygonf/ tcsdKUa'orsm;wGif xda&mufrI&SdpGm erlem

aumuf,ljcif; aqmif&Guf&ef uefYowfcsufrsm; odkYr[kwf

y#dyu©rsm;aMumifh cufcJEdkifygonf/


- 75 -

4.4 oif\ppfwrf;

ar;cGef;vTmtm;

a&;om;jcif;ESifh

pDrHcefYcGJjcif;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ - oifwdkY\ ppfwrf;ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk

'DZdkif;a&;qGJNyD; a&;om;yg/

- oifwdkY\ a'wmrsm;udk rnfonfhtcsdef?

rnfonfhae&m? rnfolYxHrS aumuf,lpkaqmif;

oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; zGJUpnf;pDpOfyg/

- a'wmrsm;udk vma&mufaumuf,lrnfjzpfaMumif;

a'ocHrsm;udk today;yg/

2/ - a'wmrsm; aysmufqkH;jcif;/

- usifh0wfqdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;/

- ½dkif;pdkif;onfhvlrsm;/

- okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;rnfholrsm;udk &SmazG&ef

cufcJjcif;/

- ppfwrf;twGuf vlOD;a&ESifh erlemaumuf,ljcif;

pHEIef;wdkYjzifh udkufnDonfh vlrsm;udk &SmazG&ef

cufcJjcif;/

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u pmydk'fxJ&Sd nTefMum;csufrsm; (1-5)

udk tajctaersm; (u-i) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) 5

(c) 3

(*) 4

(C) 1

(i) 2


- 76 -

vkyfief;pOf - pDrHcefYcGJjcif; rjyKvkyfrD

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtvdkuf ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfwrf;ar;cGef;

wpfckcsif;pD\ jyóemrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) trSm;rsm; - o'´gESifh pmvkH;aygif;owfykH

(c) wpfcsdefwnf;wGif ar;cGef;ESpfck ar;jref;jcif;

(*) wpforwfwnf;rjzpfjcif; (a&SUar;cGef;rsm;wGif

rwljcm;aom pum;vkH; okH;EIef;rIrsm;&Sdjcif;)

(C) OD;aqmifvrf;aMumif;ay;onfh ar;cGef;jzpfonf/

(i) &Sif;vif;rIr&Sdyg (rvdktyfbJESifh pum;vkH;rsm;udk

cufcJatmif a&;om;xm;onf)/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;udk jyefvnfa&;om;&rnf/


(u) vGefcJhaomwpfywfu wDAGDrSwpfqifh owif;rsm;

&&SdcJhygovm;/

(c) vGefcJhaomwpfywfu azhpfbGwfrSwpfqifh owif;

rsm; &&SdcJhygovm;/ vGefcJhaomwpfywfu owif;pmrS

wpfqifh owif;rsm; &&SdcJhygovm;/

(*) vGefcJhaomwpfywfu a&'D,dkrSwpfqifh owif;rsm;

&&SdcJhygovm;/

(C) owif;pmrsm;udk ,kHMunfygovm;/ tb,faMumifhenf;

odkYr[kwf tb,faMumifh r,kHMunf&oenf;/

(i) tjcm; rnfonfh owif;&if;jrpfrsm;udk od&Sdygoenf;/


ar;cGef;rsm;udk rdrd\wGJzuftwGuf zwfjyjcif;ESifh wGJzuf\

ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkjcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkY\ ppfwrf;vTmrsm;udk

prf;oyf&rnf/ tqifrajyonfh ar;cGef;rsm; odkYr[kwf

ppfwrf;udk ajymif;vJrnfh rnfonfhenf;vrf;rsm;udkrqdk rSwfpk

a&;om;&rnf/

4/ ¤if;twGJrsm;u tjcm;twGJwpfwGJjzifh aygif;pnf;NyD;

tqifajy onfh ar;cGef;rsm; (odkY) tqifrajyonfh ar;cGef;rsm;

ESifh ppfwrf;vTmudk ajymif;vJrnfhykHpHrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfMu&rnf/

• qE&Sdygu wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ar;cGef;rsm;twGuf

taumif;qkH; pum;vkH;okH;EIef;ykHudk aqG;aEG;NyD;qkH;jzwfyg/

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - pDrHcefYcGJjcif;





udk;ckajrmufjzpfonf/


tm;vkH;twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom awmufavQmuf

tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI &SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf

ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifaecsdefwGif

¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom ,cifokawoe acgif;pOfrsm;






ppfwrf;wpfckudk tokH;jyKrnfqdkygu ¤if;ppfwrf;udk rnfodkY

pDrHcefYcGJoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/ (Oyrm - yg0if

ajzMum;rnfholrsm;udk rnfodkY qufoG,frnfenf;? odkYr[kwf

ppfwrf;aumuf,l&ef tcsdefESifh ae&mudk rnfodkY pDpOfoGm;

rnfenf;? ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;udk rsufESmcsif;qdkif?

pmwdkufrSwpfqifh? tGefvdkif; odkYr[kwf vufudkifzkef;jzifh

vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfenf; tp&Sdojzifh)/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ ppfwrf;

aumuf,lrIrsm;udk rnfodkY pDrHcefYcGJoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;

aqG;aEG;&rnf/

tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - oifwdkY\ ppfwrf;

ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk avhusifhyg

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;ay:

tajccHí ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmwpfckudk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ&rnf/


ppfwrf; ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk prf;oyfar;jref;MunfhNyD;

rSwfpka&;om;&rnf/

3/ ¤if;wdkYu rSwfpkrsm;udk jyefvnfzwf½INyD; tqdkyg

ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmrsm;udk ydkrdkwdk;wufvmaprnfh


aqG;aEG;csuf




rsufESmcsif;qdkif

tm;omcsuf - r&Sif;onfhtcsufrsm;udk &Sif;vif;atmif

ar;jref;Edkifonf/

tm;enf;csuf - aiGukefaMu;usrsm;onf/

tGefvdkif;

tm;omcsuf - aiGukefaMu;us rrsm;acs/

tm;enf;csuf - vlwdkif; pmrzwfEdkifyg odkYr[kwf vlwdkif;

uGefysLwm tokH;rjyKEdkifyg/

pmwdkufrSwpfqifh

tm;omcsuf - aiGukefaMu;usrrsm;acs/

tm;enf;csuf - pmwdkufrS ay;ydkYjcif;pepfonf

wpfcgwpf&HwGif ,kHMunftm;udk;í r&acs/

zkef;rSwpfqifh

tm;omcsuf - vlrsm;ESifh pum;ajym&eftwGuf c&D;oGm;&ef

rvdktyfay/

tm;enf;csuf - wpfpkHwpf&mudk &Sif;vif;atmif

od&Sd&ef/ ar;jref;&ef cufcJEdkifygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif

zkef;qufoG,fa&;vdkif; raumif;yg/


- 77 -

tcef; 5 -

vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;


- 78 -

5.1 vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfck

qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;

tBudKavhvmcsuf

1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ]oifESifh

oif\ ,Ofaus;rI} av;axmifhuGufxJ&Sd ar;cGef;rsm;udk

tokH;jyKí ,Ofaus;rItaMumif; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;

tjyeftvSef vlawGUar;jref;&rnf/

2/ xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm; (u-*) udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/

rSwfcsuf/ / aqG;aEG;&rnfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk rpwifrD

]oifESifh oif\,Ofaus;rI} ar;cGef;rsm;udk tjyeftvSef

ar;jref;Edkif&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcsdef 20-30 rdepfcefY

cGifhjyKyg/


(u) ¤if;wdkYonf tzGifhar;cGef;rsm;jzpfonf/

- ¤if;ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&mwGif ar;cGef;vTmxJ&Sd

tydwfar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkjcif;xuf tcsdefydk

Mumjrifhygonf/

vkyfief;pOf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;\ tm;omcsufESifh

tm;enf;csufrsm;


xkwfjyefcsuf wpfcsufcsif;pDonf vlawGUar;jref;jcif;\

tm;omcsuf odkYr[kwf tm;enf;csufjzpfaMumif;

odkYr[kwf ESpfrsdK;pvkH;jzpfaMumif; ausmif;om;rsm;u

qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) tm;omcsuf

(c) tm;enf;csuf

(*) tm;omcsuf

(C) ESpfckpvkH;

(i) tm;omcsuf

(p) tm;omcsuf

(q) tm;enf;csuf

(Z) ESpfckpvkH;


ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;\ tjcm;aom

tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/


- vlawGUar;jref;pOftwGif; ajzMum;csufrsm;udk

&Sif;vif;atmif xyfrHar;jref;Edkifonf

(tm;omcsuf)/

- tcsdKUvlrsm;taejzifh xd&SvG,ftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk

vlpdrf;wpfOD;ESifhtwl aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf

pdwfoufawmifhoufom &Sdrnfr[kwfay

(tm;enf;csuf)/

- vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;udk rsufESmcsif;qdkif (odkY)

zkef;rSwpfqifh aqmif&GufEdkifonf (ESpfckpvkH;)/


- 79 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf



tajz

1/ ppfwrf;onf yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m

tcsuftvufrsm; (Oyrm - touf? usm;^r? 0ifaiGESifh

aq;&GufBuD; tokH;jyKjcif;) ESifh aq;&GufBuD;okH;pGJjcif;\

oufa&mufrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; od&Sdxm;onfh

tcsufrsm;udk ar;jref;onf/ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;onf

aq;&GufBuD; okH;pGJjcif;ESifh okH;pGJjcif;\ oufa&mufrI

wdkYESifh ywfoufNyD; yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ todtjrifrsm;

(¤if;wdkY\ tawG;tjrif? pdwful;ESifh tjrifrsm;) udk

ar;jref;ygonf/


2/ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;jzifh vlrsm; aq;vdyfaomufokH;jcif;ESifh

aq;vdyfaomufokH;jcif;\ oufa&mufrIwdkYESifh

ywfoufonfh tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;udk

ar;jref;&&SdEdkifygonf/

3/ yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;taejzifh aq;&GufBuD;okH;pGJrIaMumifh

¤if;wdkYrdom;pktay: tysufoabmaqmifonfh

oufa&mufrIrsm;taMumif; ajymqdk&mwGif

pdwfvufayghyg;rIr&SdbJ jzpfEdkifonf/

4/ - oifaq;&GufBuD;okH;pGJaejcif;ESifh ywfoufí

rdom;pku rnfodkY xifjrif,lqxm;oenf;/

- aq;&GufBuD;twGuf aiGaMu;rokH;pGJjzpfvQif tjcm;

rnfonfht&mrsm;twGuf tokH;jyKjzpfrnfenf;/

- oif aq;vdyfaomufjcif;aMumifh oif\rdom;pk

tay:wGif rnfodkY oufa&mufrI&Sdonf[k ,kHMunf

vufcHxm;ygoenf;/

aqG;aEG;csuf




1/ - yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m odkYr[kwf xd&SvG,facgif;pOfrsm;

qdkif&m tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;

vdktyfonfhtcg/

- vltrsm; wpfpkHwpf&mudk tb,faMumifh (odkY) rnfodkY

vkyfaqmifMuaMumif; (odkY) pOf;pm;MuaMumif; ydkrdk

od&Sdvdkonfhtcg

- vltrsm;\ tawG;tjrifrsm;? todtjrifrsm;

odkYr[kwf ,kHMunfcsufrsm;taMumif; ydkrdk

od&Sdvdkonfhtcg

2/ ¤if;tajctaetm;vkH;wGif ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;udk

tokH;rjyKEdkifyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vltrsm;ESifh

tcsdeftawmfMum pum;ajymqdk&ef tao;pdwf

tcsuftvufrsm;&,l&ef vdktyfonfhtwGufaMumifh

jzpfonf/ rwlnDonfh tajzrsm;pGm &SdEdkifonfhtwGuf

ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmjzifh ar;jref;vQif ar;cGef;rsm;

tvGefrsm;jym; &Snfvsm;Edkifygonf/

3/ - tcsdefwdktwGif; vlrsm;pGmxHrS tcsuftvufrsm;

vdktyfonfhtcg/

- vlawGUar;jref;cH&rnfhol (rsm;) \ ae&ma'oodkY

oGm;vm&ef tcuftcJ&Sdonfhtcg/


- 80 -

5.2 vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

zGJUpnf;ykH

tBudKavhvmcsuf

• ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykHrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;

ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;\ tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif

a&;csyg/


- ae&moGifjyif - vufzuf&nfqdkifwpfqdkifwGif?

½kH;cef;wpfcef;wGif Murf;jyifay:wGif xdkifjcif;/

- vlOD;a& ta&twGuf/

- "mwfykHwpfckwGif wpfpkHwpfa,mufu vlawGU

ar;jref;aepOfwGif ajymonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk

a&;csaeygonf/ tjcm;"mwfykHrsm;wGif vlrsm;u

em;axmifaeonf/

- "mwfykHwpfykHwGif wpfpkHwpfa,mufu uGefysLwmwGif

wpfpkHwpf&mudk vlrsm;tm; jyoaeonf/ tjcm;

"mwfykHrsm;wGif vlrsm;u uGefysLwmudkMunfhí

wpfpkHwpf&mudk zwf½IaeMuonf/


- 81 -

vkyfief;pOf - okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;wGif

aqmif&Gufaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;wGif

tokH;jyKaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; Oyrmrsm;udk

zwf½I&rnf/

1/ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfckpDonf jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom?

jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;rI r&Sdaom odkYr[kwf wpf0ufomvQif

jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom ar;jref;rIrsm; [kwf^r[kwf

qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

(c) wpf0ufomvQif jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom

vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

(*) jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;r&Sdaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

2/ Oyrmwpfckcsif;pDonf ay;xm;aom tajctaetwGuf

rSefuefaom enf;vrf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKrI &Sd^r&Sd

ausmif;om;rsm;u qkH;jzwf&rnf/

• qufpyfrI&Sdygu ydkrdkwdk;wufvmrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk

tBuHay;Edkifygonf/


(u) rSefuefaom enf;vrf;r[kwfEdkifyg/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;

xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfckonf

txl;ojzifh yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;pGm &SdonfhtcgwGif

ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;&efESifh a'wmrsm;udk

odrf;qnf;&ef vG,fulEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf jyifqif

zGJUpnf;rIenf;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;onf

uav;vkyfom;rsm; tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh

aemufcH taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;

pdwf0ifpm;zG,f tajzrsm;udk &&SdEdkifygonf/

xdkYaMumifh vlawGUar;jref;rIonf wpf0ufomvQif

jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;rIudk

tokH;jyKvQif ydkaumif;Edkifygonf/

(c) rSefuefaom enf;vrf;jzpfygonf/ wpf0ufomvQif

jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;onf

t"duar;cGef;xJu tcsuftvufrsm;udk &&Sdaeonfh

wpfNydKifeufwnf;wGif ajzMum;rnfholrsm;u

aocsmpGm od&Sdxm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh

aemufqufwGJ ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;jcif;jzifh

tcsuftvufrsm; ydkrdk&&Sdapygonf/

(*) rSefuefaomenf;vrf; jzpfygonf/

jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif; r&Sdaom vlawGUar;jref;rI

tokH;jyKjcif;\ tm;omcsufwpfcsufrSm

okawoe acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD; okawoDu

ajzMum;rnfholESifh tao;pdwf aqG;aEG;

ar;jref;Edkifjcif; jzpfonf (þOyrmxJwGif

azhpfbGwfrSwpfqifh ar;jref;cJhonf)/ xdkYtwl

ajzMum;rnfholu ta&;BuD;onf[k ,lqxm;onfh

taMumif;t&mrsm;udk t"duxm; ajzMum;EdkifNyD;

okawoDu ¤if;taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufí

ar;cGef;rsm; xyfrHar;jref;Edkifygonf/


- 82 -

vkyfief;pOf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

o½kyfazmfwifqufrIrsm;

1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u jyifqifzGJUpnf;

xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk

tokH;jyKí wpfa,mufwpfvSnfhpD tjyeftvSef

vlawGUar;jref;jcif; jyKvkyf&rnf/ vlawGUar;jref;olu

ar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;NyD; rSwfpka&;om;í ar;jref;cH&olu

ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;&rnf/

• Zmwfaumifae&majymif;í xyfrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/

2/ tjcm;wGJzuftopfwpfOD;tm; &SmazGí wpf0ufomvQif

jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; vkyfxkH;

vkyfenf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKí tjyeftvSef ar;jref;&rnf/

• Zmwfaumifae&majymif;í xyfrHvkyfaqmifyg/

3/ tjcm;wGJzuftopfwpfOD;udk xyfrH&SmazGí jyifqif

zGJUpnf;xm;jcif; r&Sdaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; vkyfxkH;

vkyfenf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKí tjyeftvSefar;jref;&rnf/

• Zmwfaumifae&majymif;í xyfrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/

4/ tzGJUi,frsm; odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ rSwfpkrsm;udk jyefvnf

zwf½Ií ar;cGef;rsm; (u-C) udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/


- 83 -


- 84 -

vkyfief;pOf - jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom^ jyifqif

zGJUpnf;rxm;aom vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;

• wpfOD;csif;pD odkYrwkwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe tajctaejyjzpf&yf

wpfckcsif;pD twGuf jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom

vlawGUar;jref;jcif;ESifh jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif; r&Sdaom

vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;udk a&;om;&rnf/


1/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom

- tmvl;pdkufysdK;ygovm;/

- ajr,mydkifqdkifrI taxmuftxm;vufrSwf

&Sdygovm;/

- obm0ajrMoZm pdkufcif;rsm;taMumif; odygovm;/

jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;r&Sdaom

- pdkufysdK;a&;rSwpfqifh aiG&Sm&ef rnfonfh

enf;vrf;rsm;onf taumif;qkH;[k xifygoenf;/

- tmvl;rsm;udk tb,faMumifh pdkufysdK;&oenf;/

- v,form;rsm;udk tpdk;&u rnfodkY yHhydk;rIay;Edkifyg

oenf;/


- ausmif;wGif uGefysLwm tokH;jyKygovm;/

- 1 (ta&;ygrItenf;qkH;) rS 5 (ta&;ygrItrsm;qkH;)

EIef;xm;t& uGefysLwm uRrf;usifrIonf rnfrQ

ta&;BuD;yg oenf;/

- twef;csdeftwGif; oifhzkef;udk tBudrfrnfrQ

ppfaq;Munfhyg oenf;/

- enf;ynmonf oif,lavhvma&;twGuf

aumif;ygovm; odkYr[kwf qdk;&Gm;rIjzpfapygovm;/


- pmoifcef;twGif; enf;ynm\ oufa&mufrIrsm;rSm

tb,fenf;[k xifoenf;/

- ausmif;wGif enf;ynmudk rnfodkY tokH;jyKygoenf;/

- vlrIrD'D,mESifh pmoifausmif;wdkYtMum;

qufET,frIrSm tb,fenf;/


- jrefrmtvkyform;Oya'qdkif&m taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

od&Sdygovm;/

- jrefrmEdkifiHwGif or*¾wpfck wnfaxmifcGifhudk

Oya'jzifh umuG,fay;xm;ygovm;/


- jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tvkyform;rsm;twGuf rnfonfh

Oya'rsm; &Sdoifhonf[k xifygoenf;/

- jrefrmEdkifiHrS tvkyform;rsm;udk rnfonfh

Oya'rsm;u umuG,fay;ygoenf;/

tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - twef;vdkufar;cGef;

pm&if;rsm;

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pD

twGuf tzGJUokH;zGJUcGJzGJUyg/ tzGJUwpfzGJUpDu ¤if;wdkY\

tajctaejyjzpf&yftwGuf jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom

ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;r&Sdaom

ar;cGef;rsm;udk pm&GufcsyfBuD;ay:wGif pm&if;jyKpk

&rnf/

2/ tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ pm&Gufrsm;udk tjcm;tzGJUxHodkY

vTJay;&rnf/ tzGJUrsm;u tqdkyg tajctaejyjzpf&yf

twGuf jyifqifzGJUxm;aom ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh jyifqif

zGJUpnf;xm;jcif; r&Sdaom ar;cGef;rsm;udk xyfrHa&;om;

pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/

3/ tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ pm&GufcsyfBuD;rsm;udk aemufqkH;

wpfBudrf vufqifhurf;ay;NyD; ar;cGef;pm&if;xJwGif

xyfrHa&;xnfh&rnf/

4/ tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf twef;vdkuf

pkaygif;a&;om;xm;aom ar;cGef;rsm; pm&if;pm&Gufudk

eH&Hay:wGifuyfyg/

5/ ¤if;ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; rSm;aeonfh

ar;cGef;rsm;udk rSefuefatmif jyifqifjznfhpGufyg/

aqG;aEG;csuf




- 85 -

5.3 vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ - udk,fhudk,fudk,f rdwfqufyg/

- okawoetaMumif;udk rdwfqufajymMum;ay;yg/

- jznf;nif;pGmESifh &Sif;vif;pGmajymqdkyg/ ,Ofaus;pGm

ajymqdkqufqHyg/

- vlawGUar;jref;pOftwGif; jzpfay:vmEdkifonfh

pdk;&drfrIrsm; odkYr[kwf ½IyfaxG;rIrsm;udk BudKwifcefYrSef;

Edkif&ef BudK;pm;yg/

- tcsdef,lyg/

- rSwfpka&;om;yg/

2/ - ar;cGef;rsm;udk rSm;,Gif;pGm ar;jref;rdEdkifygonf/

- rSwfpka&;om;&ef arhavsmhEdkifygonf/

- vlawGUar;jref;&ef oGm;vm&mwGif

vrf;aysmufEdkifygonf/

- a'wmaumuf,l&eftwGuf rjzpfvmEdkifawmhonfh

wpfpkHwpf&mudk jyKvkyfrdEdkifygonf (Oyrm -

aemufusrSa&mufjcif; odkYr[kwf ½dkif;pdkif;onfh

tjyKtrlwpfpkHwpf&mudk vkyfrdjcif;)

avhusifhcef;

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm; (i-x) udk vlawGU

ar;jref;jcif; tpdwftydkif;rsm; (u-*) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

i. (c)

ii. (u)

iii. (*)

iv. (u)

v. (c)

vi. (c)

vii. (*)

viii. (c)

ix. (c)

x. (u)

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk rSefuefaom tpOfrsm;

tvdkuf a&G;cs,fpD&rnf/

rSwfcsuf/ / tcsdKUar;cGef;rsm;twGuf wdusaom

tpOfvdkufpDí r&Edkifyg/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm;u

vlawGUar;jref;jcif;\ rnfonfhtpdwftydkif;rsm;udk

,kwådusonfh tpOfrsm;tvdkuf pDxm;jcif; &Sd^r&Sd

ppfaq;yg/


ii, x, iv, v, ix, vi, i, viii, iii, vii


- 86 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf



tajzrsm;

1/ vifa,mufsm;ESifh tjcm;trsdK;om;rsm;\ tMurf;zufrIESifh

ESdyfpufrIrsm;udk cHpm;&onfh trsdK;orD;rsm;\

tawGUtBuHKrsm; jzpfygonf/

2/ - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;udk wpf0ufomvQif

jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;ygonf/

- okawoDwdkYu xd&SvG,frItenf;qkH; ar;cGef;rsm;jzifh

pwifNyD; xd&SvG,ftjzpfqkH; ar;cGef;rsm;udk

aemufqkH;rS ar;jref;oifhygonf/

jzpfEkdifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;

3/ xdkodkY oifMum;ay;onfhtcgwGif okawoDrsm;u

xd&SvG,fudk a&Smif&Sm;NyD; av;pm;rI&Sdaom enf;vrf;jzifh

ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;Edkifygvdrfhrnf/

4/ ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh okawoetaMumif;udk *½kwpdkufESifh

,Ofaus;pGm &Sif;jyEdkifonf yg0ifajzMum;rnfhvlrsm;u

vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

od&Sdap&ef ar;cGef;rsm;tm;vkH;udk ajzMum;p&m

rvdktyfaMumif;ESifh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;udk tcsdefra&G;

&yfwefYEdkifaMumif; od&Sdatmif aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/

5/ ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh ajzMum;ay;olrsm;udk aus;Zl;wifaMumif;

ESifh ajzMum;olrsm;u ¤if;wdkYajymonfhtcsufrsm;udk

okawoewGif ryg0ifapvdkygu okawoDxHodkY

qufoG,fEdkifaMumif; ajymjyEdkifygonf/ vQdKU0Sufxm;jcif;

ESifh ywfoufonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnf

owday; Edkifonf/ xdkYtjyif tMurf;zufrIcH&olrsm;

twGuf ulnDyHhydk;rIay;onfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\

qufoG,f&ef vdyfpmrsm;udk trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;

ajymjyay;Edkifygonf/

6/ vifa,mufsm;ESifh tjcm;trsdK;om;rsm;\ tMurf;zufrIudk

awGUBuHKcHpm;&aom &efukefNrdKUESifh armfvNrdKifNrdKUrS

trsdK;orD;rsm; twGuf yHhydk;ulnDay;&ef pDrHudef;

wpfck pwifwnfaxmifjcif;/ usm;^r tajcjyK

tMurf;zufrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; aemufxyfaqmif&Guf

oGm;rnfh okawoersm;twGuf vrf;aMumif;ay;jcif;/

þjyóemudk tom;ay;azmfjy&eftwGuf

pnf;½kH;vIHYaqmfrIrsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;/


- 87 -

aqG;aEG;csuf




1/ - ¤if;ar;cGef;rsm;onf ajzMum;olrsm;tay:

pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;rsm;

jzpfyGm;apEdkifygonf/

- okawoeonf wdusrIr&Sdaom

owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&Sdvmygu

tysufoabmaqmifaom oufa&mufrIrsm;

jzpfapEdkifonfh pDrHudef;rsm; odkYr[kwf

rl0g'rsm;tay: vTrf;rdk;rI&SdEdkifygonf/

2/ - pwifawGUqkHonfhtcsdefwGif xd&SvG,facgif;pOfrsm;udk

aqG;aEG;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh

ar;cGef;tm;vkH;udk ajzMum;&ef rvdktyfaMumif;

yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk today;Edkifygonf/

- vlawGUar;jref;jcif; NyD;qkH;cgeD;tcsdefwGif

yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;u qdk;&Gm;onfhtajctaewGif

&Sdaeygu ¤if;wdkYudk yHhydk;ulnDay;Edkifonfh

tcsuftvufrsm;udk ajymjyay;Edkifygonf/

vkyfief;pOf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfcktm;

o½kyfazmfwifqufyg

1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh vlawGUar;jref;jcif; vkyfxkH;

vkyfenf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKí wpfOD;u tjcm;wGJzufudk

vlawGUar;jref;&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u usef&Sdonfh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk zwf½Ijcif;jzifh ]okawoe\

&nf&G,fcsuf} udk aumufcsufcsEdkifoifhygonf/ Oyrm -

tpm;tpm ab;uif;vkHNcHKa&;ESifh tpm;tpmrSwpfqifh

zsm;emrIqdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;\ todtjrifrsm;/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u acwå&yfwefYjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIjyjcif;

odkYr[kwf tjcm;vlu yxrtBudrfwGif em;rvnfygu

xyfrHajymqdkjyjcif;uJhodkYaom vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;udk tokH;csjcif; &Sd^r&Sd

ppfaq;yg/

2/ Zmwfaumifajymif;vJí vlawGUar;jref;jcif;udk

aemufwpfBudrf xyfrHvkyfaqmif&rnf/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfonfhar;cGef;rsm;onf ar;jref;&ef

vG,fulNyD; rnfonfhar;cGef;rsm;onf cufcJaMumif;ESifh

xdkodkYjzpf&onfh taMumif;&if;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/


- 88 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;




]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 10

ckajrmuf jzpfonf/



awmufavQmuf tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkif








1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;wGif

vlawGUar;jref;jcif;udk rnfodkY tokH;jyKEdkifaMumif;ESifh

tokH;jyK&ef oifhavsmfrI &Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/

2/ jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;aom wpf0ufomvQif jyifqif

zGJUpnf;xm;aom (odkY) jyifqifzGJUxm;jcif;r&Sdaom

vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;xJrS rnfonfhtrsdK;tpm;udk

tokH;jyKoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh tb,faMumifh

¤if;trsdK;tpm;udk tokH;jyK&aMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/

3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGU

ar;jref;jcif;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;ESifh

rnfodkY qufET,frI&SdaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/

tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - oifwdkY\ vlawGU

ar;jref;jcif;udk avhusifhyg/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;wGif

xnfhoGif;tokH;jyKoGm;Edkifonfh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

ar;cGef;Oyrmrsm;udk a&;om;&rnf/


ar;cGef;rsm;udk rSwfpka&;om;í ar;jref;ajzqdkMu

&rnf/

3/ ¤if;wdkY\ rSwfpkrsm;udk jyefvnfzwf½INyD; tqdkyg

ar;cGef;rsm;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmapEdkifonfh


aqG;aEG;csuf




- 89 -

tcef; 6 -

OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;


- 90 -

6.1 OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;udk

tb,faMumifh

tokH;jyK&oenf;

rSwfcsuf/ / okawoDrsm;u tpktzGJUtajctaersdK;wGif

vlrsm; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjyeftvSefqufqHykH?

okawoe acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD; vlrsm;wGif&Sdonfh

uGJjym;jcm;em;aom ½Iaxmifhrsm;ESifh^(odkY)

bkHwlnDaeaom ½Iaxmifhrsm;udk avhvmoif,l&eftwGuf

OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;udk tokH;jyKygonf/ vlrsm;u tjcm;vl

wpfOD; &SdaeonfhtcsdefwGif jyKrlonfhykHpHonf okawoD

twGuf pdwf0ifpm;zG,fwpfpkHwpf&mudk azmfjyay;ygonf/

Oyrm - okawoDu tpktzGJUwpfzGJUxJrS

yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;tm; rnfodkY cHpm;&ygoenf;[k

ar;jref;ygu aysmfygonf[k ajzqdkMurnfomjzpfonf/

tu,fí okawoDu þar;cGef;udk vlawGUar;jref;&mwGif

ar;jref;rnfqdkygu tcsdKUvlrsm;u pdwftaESmifht,Suf

jzpf&Mumif; odkYr[kwf raysmf&TifaMumif; ajzMum;Edkif

ygonf/ okawoDu yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;onf

¤if;wdkY\ taygif;tazmfrsm;xHrS wpfpkHwpf&mudk

zkH;uG,fxm;onf[k aumufcsufcsEdkifygonf/

OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;onf pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;ygonf/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf okawoDrsm;u yg0if

ajzMum;olrsm; ajymonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh

tjcm;vlrsm; &SdaeonfhtcgwGif ajymqdkonfhykHpHrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;jzifh taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;udk avhvm

oif,lEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

tBudKavhvmcsuf

1/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk

aqG;aEG;&rnf/

2/ ¤if;wdkYu tjcm;twGJwpfwGJjzifh aygif;pnf;NyD;

ar;cGef;rsm;udk tzGJUi,frsm;tjzpf aqG;aEG;&rnf/

3/ xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;rsm;udk wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh

aqG;aEG;&rnf/

4/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ar;cGef;rsm; (u-*) udk

aqG;aEG;&rnf/

avhusifhcef;


rSefuefaMumif;^rSm;,Gif;aMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/

• rSm;,Gif;aeygu rSefuefaom xkwfjyefcsufrsm;tjzpf

ajymif;vJa&;om;&rnf/


1/ rSm;ygonf - OD;wnftkyfpkwpfpkonf vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

wpfckESifh rwljcm;em;onfh a'wmrsm;udk &&Sdapygonf/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tzGJUvdkufaqG;aEG;jcif;rS

tcsuftvufrsm;udk &&SdapNyD; tzGJUtwGif;ü vlrsm;

tjyeftvSef qufqHonfhykHpHudkvnf; azmfjyonfhtwGuf

jzpfonf/

2/ rSefygonf/

3/ rSm;ygonf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfckwGif vlwpfOD;om

yg0ifNyD; OD;wnftkyfpkwpfpkwGif yg0ifajzMum;ol 4 OD;rS

10 OD;txd ykHrSeftm;jzifh yg0ifygonf/

4/ rSefygonf/


- 91 -

vkyfief;pOf - tm;omcsuf odkYr[kwf tm;enf;csufrsm;

jzpfMuygovm;

1/ wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf

tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u rSwfcsufrsm;udk

zwf½INyD; pum;ajymolonf OD;wnftkyfpk\ tm;omcsuf

odkYr[kwf tm;enf;csufwdkYudk azmfjyaeaMumif; odkYr[kwf

ESpfckpvkH;udk ajymqdkaejcif;jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) tm;omcsuf

(c) tm;enf;csuf

(*) ESpfckpvkH;

(C) tm;enf;csuf

(i) ESpfckpvkH;

(p) ESpfckpvkH;

(q) tm;enf;csuf

2/ tzGJUrsm;u OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;\ tm;enf;csufESifh

tm;omcsufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/

• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh oifykef;ay:wGif pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/


tm;omcsufrsm; - OD;wnftkyfpkrsm; vlrsm;onfhtcgwGif

vkyfaqmifEdkifonf/ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;xuf ydkrdk

wdkawmif;aom tcsdeftwGif;ü owif;tcsuftvuf

rsm;pGmudk &&SdEdkifygonf/

tm;enf;csuf - vlwpfOD;u OD;wnftkyfpk

aqG;aEG;0dkif;wGif pdk;rdk;NyD; ajymqdkaeEdkifygonf/ tcsdKU

vlrsm;u &yf&GmtwGif; ¤if;wdkYxuf &mxl;ydkjrifhaom

tmPmBuD;aomol wpfOD;OD;&Sdaejcif;aMumifh vlrsm;

a&SUwGif tawG;tjrifrsm;udk yGifhvif;pGm xkwfazmf

ajymqdkvdkpdwf r&Sdjcif;jzpfEdkifonf/

ESpfckpvkH; - tcsdKUvlrsm;taejzifh OD;wnftkyfpk

aqG;aEG;0dkif;rsm; twGif; tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdEdkifonf/

wpfcgwpf&HwGif tcsdKUvlrsm;u OD;wnftkyfpk

aqG;aEG;0dkif; twGif; acgif;pOfwpfckESifh ywfoufNyD;

pum;&nfvk&jcif;udk BudKufESpfoufMuonf/

aqG;aEG;csuf


ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/


2/ wpfOD; (odkY) wpfOD;xufydkaom ulnDyHhydk;olrsm;?

rSwfpk a&;om;olwpfOD;ESifh tcsdefapmifhMunfholwpfOD;

yg0ifEdkifonf/


- 92 -

6.2 OD;wnftkyfpkwpfpk

zGJUpnf;pDpOfjcif;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ - qufET,frI&Sdonfh yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk &SmazGjcif;

- yg0ifajzMum;rnfholrsm;udk qufoG,fjcif;

- OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;twGuf tcsdefESifh ae&m

pDpOfjcif;

- yg0ifajzMum;rnfhol rnfrQ xnfhoGif;ar;jref;

oGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwfjcif;

- rkefYESifh tcsdK&nfrsm;pDpOfjcif;

- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;tMum; aqG;aEG;&efESifh

tBuHÓPfrsm; ajymMum;&ef wdkufwGef;jcif;

2/ - tzGifh ar;cGef;rsm;

- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;udk pOf;pm;aponfh ar;cGef;rsm;

- pdwf0ifpm;zG,f ar;cGef;rsm;

- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;ESifh qufET,frI&Sdonfh

ar;cGef;rsm;

- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;tMum; tjyeftvSef ajymqdk

aqG;aEG;aponfh ar;cGef;rsm;


- 93 -

avhusifhcef;



tajzrsm;

1/ (u)

2/ (c)

3/ (c)


- 94 -


- 95 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u vkyfief;acgif;pOfrsm; (1-6) udk

&Sif;jycsufrsm; (u-p) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ (i)

2/ (u)

3/ (C)

4/ (p)

5/ (c)

6/ (*)


- 96 -

vkyfief;pOf - OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;udk

ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif BudK;pm;yg

1-3/ wpfOD;csif;pD (odkY) ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ (odkY)

tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;wnftkyfpk

ar;cGef;rsm;udk zwf½INyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;&rnf/

4/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;wGif

tokH;jyKEdkifrnfh vkyfief;wpfckudk pOf;pm;NyD; pDpOf&rnf/

• tawG;tjrifrsm;twGuf a&SUavhusifhcef;rS OD;wnftkyfpk

vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tcef;i,f 4.2 rS rwljcm;em;onfh

ar;cGef;trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk Munfh½I&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk

wdkufwGef;ay;yg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ vkyfief;rsm;udk twef;odkY

wifjyNyD; ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfEdkifajc

&Sd^r&Sd vufawGUaqmif&Gufjyyg/

5/ tzGJUrsm;u OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;wGif yg0ifolrsm;udk

rdwfqufay;onfhtcgwGif ajymrnfhtcsufrsm;

aqG;aEG;jcif; rpwifrDESifh aqG;aEG;0dkif;NyD;qkH;oGm;onfh

tcgwGif ajymjyrnfh oabmwlnDcsuf&,ljcif;qdkif&m

&Sif;jycsufrsm;udk azmfjyonfh rSwfpkrsm; (odkY) pmydk'frsm;udk

a&;om;&rnf/

• tcsdKUtzGJUrsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ pmydk'frsm; (odkY) rSwfpkrsm;udk

twef;odkY wifjycdkif;yg/

6/ 5-10 OD;yg0ifaom tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u

¤if;wdkY\ OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;rsm;udk avhusifh&rnf/

tzGJU0ifwdkif;u yg0ifaqmif&Guf&rnf/

• qE´&Sdygu ¤if;wdkY\ o½kyfazmfwifqufrIudk twef;odkY

wifqufjyocdkif;yg/


1/ ]u} udk ]oifwdkY\ &yf&GmxJ&Sd a'ocHrsm;tMum; rnfonfh

y#dyu©rsm; &SdMuygoenf;} [lí ajymif;vJEdkifonf/

]q} udk ]oifwdkY\ &yf&GmxJ&Sd Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf

pdefac:rIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; rnfonfwdkYudk ajymjyEdkifyg

oenf;} [lí ajymif;vJEdkifonf/

2/ ]C} udk ]&efukefNrdKU&Sd bmoma&; y#dyu©rsm;udk

rnfonfht&mrsm;u jzpfyGm;apygoenf;} [lí

ajymif;vJEdkifonf/

]i} udk ]vltrsm;ESifh oif\qufqHa&;udk rnfodkY

ajymif;vJEdkifyg oenf;} [lí ajymif;vJEdkifonf/

3/ ]p} udk ]Nidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmuf&ef ulnDay;cJhonfh

tcsdefumvwpfckckudk &Sif;vif;azmfjyyg} [lí

ajymif;vJEdkifonf/

4/ - Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmuf&ef vlrsm;vdkufem&rnfh

pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/

- vkyfief;rsm;pm&if;wpfckudk aqmif&Guf&ef vG,fulrI

odkYr[kwf cufcJrIt& tqifhcGJowfrSwfyg/

5/

rdwfquf

]tm;vkH;yJ r*Fvmyg/ uREkfyftrnfu eD½dkjzpfNyD; oluawmh

armf*efjzpfygw,f/ uREkfyfu Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh ywfoufNyD;

aqG;aEG;0dkif;udk aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; armf*efuawmh

rSwfpka&;rSwfoGm;ygrnf/ aqG;aEG;pOfumvtwGif;

oifwdkY\ tjrifrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm zGifh[ajymqdkapvdk

ygonf/ þaqG;aEG;csufrsm;udk uREkfyfwdkYu toHoGif;,l

oGm;ygrnf/ xdkodkY toHoGif;,l&jcif;rSm okawoe

twGufom jzpfNyD; toHzdkif (odkY) yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m

tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfolESifhrQ zvS,frQa0oGm;rnf

r[kwfyg/}

oabmwlnDcsuf

]þokawoeonf Nidrf;csrf;a&;taMumif;jzpfNyD;

Nidrf;csrf;a&;qdkif&m oifwdkY\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk

oif,l&ef pdwf0ifpm;rdygonf/ þtcsuftvufrsm;udk

&efukefESifh rEÅav;NrdKU&Sd&yfuGuf? NrdKUe,frsm;wGif

Nidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufjcif;twGuf aqmif&Guf&ef

pDrHudef; wpfck zefwD;&mwGif tokH;jyKoGm;ygrnf/

ar;cGef;wdkif; tm;vkH;udk ajzqdk&ef rvdktyfyg/ ajzqdkvdkpdwf

r&Sdawmhygu tcsdefra&G; xGufcGmoGm;Edkifygonf/}

tydwf

þtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; ,aeYvma&muf

yg0ifay;onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifygonf/ aemufqkH;

ar;jref;vdkonfh odkYr[kwf rSwfcsufay;vdkonfh

tcsufrsm; &Sdygao;ovm;/ aemufxyfar;jref;p&m

ar;cGef;rsm; &Sdvmygu uREkfyfwdkYudk qufoG,fEdkif&ef

vdyfpmuyfrsm;udk wpfa,mufcsif;pDtm; ay;tyfoGm;

ygrnf/

6/ 5-10 OD;ygaom tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u

¤if;wdkY\ OD;wnftkyfpk aqG;aEG;0dkif;rsm;udk

avhusifh&rnf/ tzGJUwdkif;u Zmwfaumifwpfae&m&mrS

yg0if&rnf/

• qE´&Sdygu ¤if;wdkY\ o½kyfazmfwifqufrIrsm;udk

twef;odkY wifqufjyocdkif;yg/


- 97 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf



tajzrsm;

1/ ]tvkyftudkif&SmazGjcif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; &efukefNrdKUrS

vli,frsm;\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh todtjrifrsm;}

2/ vlOD;a&rSm &efukefNrdKUwGif;ESifh &efukefNrdKUpGefrS vli,frsm;

jzpfonf/ tokH;jyKcJhonfh erlemaumuf,ljcif;

enf;vrf;rsm;rSm pdppfa&G;cs,ferlemaumuf,lenf;ESifh

ESif;vkH;erlemaumuf,ljcif; jzpfygonf/

3/ okawoDu OD;wnftkyfpkaqG;aEG;0dkif;

ar;cGef;rsm;udk prf;oyfjcif;jzifh ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif

jyifqifajymif;vJcJhonf/


4/ (u) vli,frsm;taejzifh vGwfvyfpGm (odkY) pdwfvuf

ayghyg;pGm zGifh[ajymqdkEdkifrnf r[kwfay/

(c) jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;onfh ppfwrf;vTmwpfckonf

okawoDrsm;taejzifh tao;pdwf

tcsuftvufrsm;udk vsifjrefpGm&&Sd&ef rwlnDonfh

½Iaxmifhrsm;udk od&Sd&ef odkYr[kwf OD;wnftkyfpk

aqG;aEG;0dkif;twGif; ay:xGufvmonfh

acgif;pOftopfrsm;udk pl;prf;avhvm&ef tcGifhta&;

ray;acs/


- 98 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;

rSwfcsuf - þvkyfief;onf ausmif;om;rsm;udk



]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 11

ckajrmufjzpfonf/



awmufavQmuftokH;jyKoGm;rnfqdkygu xda&mufrI&SdEdkif








1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;

twGuf OD;wnftkyfpk aqG;aEG;0dkif;wpfckonf oifhawmfrI

&Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;wnftkyfpk

aqG;aEG;0dkif;wpfckonf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe

pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh rnfodkY qufET,frI&SdEdkifaMumif;

aqG;aEG;&rnf/

tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - oifwdkY\ OD;wnftkyfpkudk

avhusifhyg/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;ay:

rlwnfNyD; OD;wnftkyfpk tpDtpOfwpfck 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ

&rnf/

2/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ¤if;wdkY\ OD;wnftkyfpk vkyfief;rsm;

ESifh ar;cGef;rsm;udk prf;oyfNyD; rSwfpkrsm;

a&;om;&rnf/

3/ ¤if;wdkY\ rSwfpkrsm;udk jyefvnfzwf½INyD; vlawGU

ar;jref;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmaprnfh


aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vkH; (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u

ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/


- 99 -

tcef; 7 -

apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;


- 100 -

7.1 apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;

tBudKavhvmcsuf

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtvdkuf ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykHudk

wpfrdepfcefY Munfh½Iyg/

• tcsdefrSwfxm;yg/ wpfrdepfjynfhonfhtcgwGif

ausmif;om;rsm;udk &yfwefYcdkif;yg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykHxJrS rSwfrdorQudk

wwfEdkiforQ tao;pdwfa&;cs&rnf/

2/ a&;om;xm;onfh pmtkyfrsm;udkydwfyg/

ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u "mwfykHxJwGif

pl;prf;rdonfht&mrsm;udk EIdif;,SOf&rnf/ xdkYaemuf

uGJvGJpGm rSwfom;xm;rdonfht&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/

3/ "mwfykHay:wGif tajccHí okawoe ar;cGef;wpfckudk

ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD pOf;pm;&rnf/

• xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk twef;odkY

jyefvnf&Sif;jy&rnf/


- &efukefNrdKUwGif armfawmfqdkifu,frsm;udk rnfodkY

tokH;jyKMuoenf;/

- vrf;rwef;rS aps;qdkifydkif&Sifrsm;ESifh vrf;rwef;rS

a0;onfhae&mu aps;qdkifydkif&Sifrsm;\

0ifaiGjcm;em;rIrSm tb,fenf;/

- vrf;ab;aps;\ oufa&mufrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;

&yf&Gmvlxk\ todtjrifrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/

avhusifhcef;




jyefvnfa&;om;&rnf/


1/ rSefygonf/

2/ rSm;ygonf - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;udk rdom;pktdrfrsm;?

vrf;? pmMunfhwdkuf odkYr[kwf aps; ponfwdkY tygt0if

rwlnDonfh ae&mrsm;pGmwGif vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf/

3/ rSefygonf/

4/ rSm;ygonf - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rSwfpkwdkrsm;udk

vkyfaqmifaeonfhtcsdeftwGif; odkYr[kwf

NyD;qkH;oGm;onfh tcsdefwGif a&;om;Muygonf/


- 101 -

vkyfief;pOf - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;


zwf½I&rnf/


tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDwGif okawoDu

rnfonfht&mrsm;udk apmifhMunfhavhvmaeaMumif;


tajzrsm;

tajctaejyjzpf&yf (1) - &efukefNrdKU&Sd a'ocHaps;rsm;wGif

oufBuD;ydkif;vlrsm;\ 0,f,lokH;pGJrI ykHpHerlemrsm;/

tajctaejyjzpf&yf (2) - &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd jynfwGif;

a&TUajymif;aexdkifolrsm;pcef;wGif vlrsm;u aomufokH;a&

qdkif&m ypönf;rsm;udk rnfodkY tokH;jyKonfhykHpHrsm;/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf

okawoe ar;cGef;wpfckpD pOf;pm;&rnf/


tajctaejyjzpf&yf (1) - &efukefNrdKU&Sd a'ocHaps;rsm;wGif

oufBuD;ydkif;vlrsm;\ 0,f,lokH;pGJrIykHpH erlemrSm

tb,fenf;/

tajctaejyjzpf&yf (2) - &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd jynfwGif;

a&TUajymif; aexdkifolrsm;pcef;wGif aomufokH;a&?

a&qdk;EkwfpepfESifh wpfudk,f&nfoefY&Sif;a&;qdkif&m

jyóemrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoDtaejzifh apmifhMunfh

avhvmjcif; rSwfpkudk rnfonfhtcsdefwGif a&;om;&rnf

jzpfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf - apmifhMunfhavhvmaepOf

twGif; odkYr[kwf NyD;qkH;oGm;onfhtcgwGif -

tb,faMumifhenf;/


tajctaejyjzpf&yf (1) - okawoDu apmifhMunfh

avhvmjcif; NyD;onfhtcgwGifomvQif rSwfpka&;om;oifh

ygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vlrsm;\

taMumif;udk aps;ü vdkufvHrSwfom;a&;om;jcif;onf

,Ofaus;onfh trlt&m r[kwfaomaMumifh odkYr[kwf

vufawGUrusonfh twGufaMumifhjzpfonf/

tajctaejyjzpf&yf (2) - okawoDu apmifhMunfh

avhvmaepOf twGif; rSwfpka&;om;oifhygonf/ pcef;rS

vlrsm;u okawoDa&muf&Sdaeonfh taMumif;&if;udk

od&Sdem;vnfxm;onfhtwGuf pdwfvufayghyg;rI

&SdaeEdkifygonf/

4/ ausmif;om;rsm;u apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;jzpfpOftwGif;

&ifqdkifBuHKawGU&Edkifajc&Sdaom jyóemrsm;udk


• xdkYaemuf tqdkygjyóemrsm;twGuf ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk

pOf;pm;&rnf/

• tcsdKUtzGJUrsm;udk ¤if;wdkYpOf;pm;xm;onfh

ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk twef;odkYwifjycdkif;yg/


tajctaejyjzpf&yf (1) - aemufrSvdkufí

pdkufMunfhjcif;jzifh oufBuD;ydkif;vlrsm;udk

pdwftaESmifht,Suf jzpfapEdkifonf/ okawoDu

aps;qdkifydkif&SifESifh ¤if;wdkY apmifhMunfhavhvmrnfh

oufBuD;ydkif; vlrsm;udk okawoetaMumif;

ajymjyjcif;jzifh tqdkygvlrsm;udk pdwftaESmifht,Suf

uif;pGm 0,f,la&mif;0,fEdkifapygvdrfhrnf/

tajctaejyjzpf&yf (2) - okawoDu pcef;&Sdvlrsm;

aomufokH;a&qdkif&m ypönf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;udk

apmifhMunfhavhvm&mwGif tcuftcJ&SdEdkifygonf/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tqdkygvlrsm;onf

xdkae&mwGif &SdaeonfhtcsdefwGif tjcm;t&mrsm;udk

vkyfaqmifaeEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf odkYr[kwf

aomufokH;a& axmufyHhay;rI ydwfxm;jcif;aMumifhvnf;

jzpfEdkifonf/ okawoDtaejzifh vlrsm; aomufokH;a&

qdkif&m ypönf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;udk apmifhMunfhavhvm

Edkifonfh taumif;qkH;tcsdefudk pkHprf;xm;jcif;jzifh

jyifqifxm;oifhygonf/

tajctaejyjzpf&yf ESpfckpvkH;twGuf - okawoDu

¤if;apmifhMunfhavhvmae&onfh okawoe\

&nf&G,fcsufudk pcef;rSvlrsm;tm; &Sif;jyEdkifygonf/

vkyfief;pOf - vkyfief;wpfcktm; apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk tzGJUESpfzGJUcGJyg/

• tzGJU (1) u wm0ef 3 ckudk pum;rajymbJ

aqmif&Guf&rnf/

• tzGJU (2) u tzGJU (1) \ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk

apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD; rSwfpka&;rSwf&rnf/

2/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh þokawoeudk aqmif&Guf&mwGif

jzpfvmEdkifajc&Sdaom jyóemrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfNyD;

¤if;wdkYtwGuf ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk pOf;pm;Munfh&rnf/


jyóem - jzpfysufaeaom taMumif;t&mrsm;pGm&SdaeNyD;

tao;pdwf rSwfpka&;om;&ef cufcJapygonf/

ajz&Sif;csufrsm; -

- ADG'D,dk½dkuful;xm;yg/

- rSwfpka&;om;&ef vlESpfOD;owfrSwfxm;yg/

- tcsuftenf;i,fudkom t"duxm;tm½kHpdkufyg/


- 102 -

3/ wpfwef;vkH; (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;taejzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/


- tzGJUwpfzGJUcsif;pD\ apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;udk

wlnDaomenf;vrf; - wpfaeYwnf;?

wpfcsdefwnf;? wpfywfwnf;? jzpfEdkifvQif

okawoD wpfOD;wnf;jzifh - jzpfap&ef *½kpdkufyg/

þenf;jzifh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;udk ydkNyD;

udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; &Sdapygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

tcsdef? wnfae&m? okawoDrsm;\ rwlnDaom

OD;wnfcsufrsm;aMumifh jzpfvmEdkifonfh

uGJjym;csufrsm; enf;yg;apaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

- okawoD (rsm;) u tokH;jyKaom pHEIef;rsm; pm&if;

wpfckudk azmfjyxm;yg/ odkYrSomvQif wpfzGJUcsif;pD\

wlnDaomtcsufrsm;udk apmifhMunfhavhvmoGm;rnf

jzpfonf/

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u Oyrmrsm;onf udk,fwdkifyg0if

vkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; [kwf^r[kwf


tajzrsm;

1/ udk,fwdkifyg0ifvkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;

2/ udk,fwdkifyg0ifvkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;

3/ r[kwfyg/

aqG;aEG;csuf




1/ tcsdefumvwpfavQmuf ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk

apmifhMunfhavhvmonfh rnfonfh okawoerqdk/

Oyrm - tpm;taomufqdkifrsm;wGif azmhbl;rsm;

tokH;jyKjcif;tm; qefYusifonfh ynmay;urfydef;rsm;\

oufa&mufrIEIef;/

2/ oifapmifhMunfhavhvmaeonfh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk

vlrsm;pGmu vkyfaqmifaeonfh acgif;pOfwpfck/

3/ vltrsm;\ tawG;tjrifrsm;ESifh tBuHÓPfrsm;udk

od&Sdjcif;yg0ifonfh ar;cGef;wpfck/

tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;

(odkY) udk,fwdkifyg0ifvkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfh

avhvmjcif; jzpfygovm;/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk okawoe tajctaejy

jzpf&yfrsm;\ Oyrmrsm;tcsdKUudk azmfjyay;yg/ Oyrm -

• okawoDwpfOD;u wuúodkvf

ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfh rkefYtrsdK;tpm;udk

0,f,lpm;okH;MuaMumif; od&Sdvdkonf/

• okawoDtzGJUwpfzGJUu tvSr,f^tvSarmif

NydKifyGJ0ifrsm;tMum; qifwlnDcsufrsm;ESifh

uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;udk pl;prf;avhvmvdkonf/

• okawoDwpfOD;u pdkufysdK;a&; vkyfom;rsm;

twGuf usef;rma&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;taMumif;

od&Sdvdkonf/

2/ wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejy

jzpf&yfwpfckcsif;pDwGif apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;

(odkY) udk,fwdkifyg0ifvkyfaqmifonfh apmifhMunfh

avhvmjcif;u ydkrdkaumif;rGefrI &Sd^r&Sd aqG;aEG;&rnf/


- 103 -

7.2 uGif;qif;rSwfpkwdkrsm;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




2/ - pdwfxJwGif tBudrfBudrf jyefvnf&Gwfqdkyg/

- xdktaMumif;udk wpfpkHwpfa,muftm; ajymMum;yg/

- aemufydkif;wGif jyefvnfrSwfrdap&eftwGuf rSwfpkwdk

a&;om;xm;yg/

- zkef;jzifh toHoGif;xm;yg/


- 104 -

vkyfief;pOf - apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;twGuf

tBuHjyKcsufrsm;


tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u tBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk

apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rvkyfaqmifrD? vkyfaqmifaepOf

twGif;ESifh vkyfaqmifNyD;aemuf ponfh trsdK;tpm; (3)

rsdK;tjzpf cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rvkyfrD - u? c? p? Z

apmifhMunfhavhvmaepOftwGif; - C? p? Z

apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD;aemuf - *? C? i? q? ps

2/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u pm&if;wpfckcsif;pD

twGuf tjcm;aomtBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk aygif;xnfh&rnf/


apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rvkyfrD - apmifhMunfhavhvm&ef

tokH;0ifonfh ae&mwpfck &SmazGyg/

apmifhMunfhavhvmaepOftwGif; - oif\ okawoe

acgif;pOfESifh teD;pyfqkH; qufET,frI&Sdonfh t&mrsm;udk

tm½kHpdkufyg/

apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD;aemuf - toHoGif;xm;aom

apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif; rSwfpkrsm;tm;vkH;udk em;axmifyg/

• qE´&Sdygu oifykef;ay:wGif wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh

pm&if;jyKpkxm;yg/


- 105 -

vkyfief;pOf - ab;ywf0ef;usifudk apmifhMunfhavhvmyg

rSwfcsuf - ausmif;om;rsm;u apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;

enf;vrf;wpfckudk a&G;cs,f&ef tcufawGUaeygu

þvkyfief;\tpwGif apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;

vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfh rwluGJjym;aom enf;vrf;rsm;udk

jyefvnf today;yg/


ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYteD;tem;? ¤if;wdkY\

tdrfeD;em;csif; odkYr[kwf pmoifcef;wpf0dkufwGif

apmifhMunfhavhvmEdkifonfh acgif;pOfwpfckckudk

a&G;cs,fyg/

• ¤if;wdkY apmifhMunfhavhvmrnfht&mrsm;ESifh

apmifhMunfhrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk qkH;jzwf&rnf/ Oyrm -

- wpfcsdefwnf;wGif apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD;

rSwfpkrsm;a&;rSwfyg/ odkYr[kwf

- apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD; aemufrS rSwfpka&;rSwfyg/

odkYr[kwf

- vkyfief;wGif udk,fwdkifyg0ifNyD; xdktaMumif;udk

a&;om;yg/ odkYr[kwf

- jyifqifzGJUpnf;xm;onfh vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wpfck&Sd

ar;cGef;rsm;pm&if;ESifh wlnDonfh apmifhMunfh

avhvmjcif; pHEIef;rsm;pm&if;wpfckudk

vdkufemusifhokH;yg - tp&Sdojzifh/

2/ ¤if;wdkY\ apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;udk aqmif&GufNyD;

rSwfpkrsm;udk a&;om;&rnf/

3/ wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;taejzifh


jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf



tajzrsm;

1/ csif;rdkifwuúodkvf&Sd EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;

&ifqdkifBuHKawGU&aom pdefac:rIrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYudk

ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh enf;AsL[mrsm;/

2/ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm; xdkifonfhae&m? pmoifcef;ESifh

pm;aomufqdkifwef;twGif; ¤if;wdkY pum;ajymolrsm;/

3/ [kwfygonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif aeYvnfpmtwGuf

tqdkyg ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJpm;aomufjcif;jzifh

aqmif&GufcJhygonf/

4/ yxrOD;qkH;taejzifh olru ausmif;om;rsm;udk

apmifhMunfh avhvmcJhonfhtwGuf ¤if;wdkYudk rnfonfh

tjyKtrlrsm;taMumif; ar;jref;&rnfudk od&SdcJh

ygonf/ xdkYaemuf olrapmifhMunfhavhvmcJhonfh

taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh tjcm;aom

owif;tcsuftvufrsm; xyfrH&&Sd&eftwGuf

vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;udk tokH;jyKcJhygonf/

þokawoewGif EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY

jyKrlaexdkifonfh ykHpH\ aemufuG,frS taMumif;&if;rsm;ESifh

xdkodkY jyKrlaexdkifjcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkY\ tjcm;aom b0

aexdkifrI ykHpHudk rnfodkY oufa&mufaMumif; ar;jref;&ef

twGuf vlawGUar;jref;jcif;udk tokH;jyKcJhygonf/


- 106 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; -

apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;




]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 12 ck

ajrmuf jzpfonf/



awmufavQmuf tokH;jyKoGm;rnf qdkygu xda&mufrI




odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf vufawGUusrI r&Sdawmhjcif;?


awGUjrifvmEdkifonf (odkY) tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf


1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe ar;cGef;twGuf

apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;onf oifhavsmfrI &Sd^r&Sd

qkH;jzwf&rnf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u apmifhMunfh

avhvmjcif;onf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;wGif

rnfodkY tokH;csoGm;EdkifaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf




1/ - apmifhMunfhavhvmaeonfh wpfcsdefwnf;wGif

rSwfpka&;rSwfEdkifjcif;/

- jzpfysufrIrsm;jym;aeonfhtwGuf

ta&;BuD;onfht&mrsm;udk vpf[moGm;jcif;/

- apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD;rS rSwfpka&;om;onfhtcgwGif

jzpfysufcJhonfht&mrsm;udk jyefvnfrSwfrdaejcif;/

- vlrsm;\ tjyKtrlrsm;tay: oufa&mufrI&SdEdkifjcif;

odkYr[kwf apmifhMunfhcHae&onfhtwGuf

yg0ifolrsm;u pdwfvufayghyg;rIr&Sdjcif;/


- 107 -

tcef; 8 -

ta&twGufpHjyK a'wmrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;


- 108 -

8.1 ta&twGufpHjyK

a'wmrsm;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ eHygwfrsm;? a&wGufjcif;? ocsFm? eHygwfrsm;udk

Z,m;xJwGif a&;xnfhjcif;? udef;*Pef;

tcsuftvufrsm;? um;csyfrsm; a&;qGJjcif;/

2/ (u) a&mif;cscJhaom odkYr[kwf pm;okH;cJhaom

rwljcm;em;onfh tpm;tpm ta&twGufrsm;

(c) wpfaeYwmtwGif; vma&mufpm;okH;ol ta&twGuf

- wpfaeYwmtwGif; a&mif;csaom pm;aomufyGJ

ta&twGuf


- 109 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (1-3) udk vkyfief;rsm;

(u-p) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ C? p

2/ u? c

3/ *? i


- 110 -

rSwfcsuf - udef;*Pef;a'wmESifh trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m

a'wmrsm;tMum; jcm;em;csufrSm udef;*Pef;

a'wmrsm;onf eHygwfrsm;jzpfNyD; trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m

a'wmrsm;rSm pum;vkH;jzpfMuonf/ tcsdKUeHygwfrsm;

yg0ifaom a'wmonf udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm; tNrJwrf;

r[kwfMuacs/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf eHygwfrsm;

yg0ifaomfvnf; udef;*Pef; t"dyÜm,fr&Sdonfh

a'wmtcsdKU &SdaeonfhtwGufjzpfonf/ Oyrm -

zkef;eHygwf/ zkef;eHygwfrsm;udk pkaygif;NyD; aygif;jcif;?

EIwfjcif; (odkY) wGufcsufjcif;jzifh tokH;0ifaom odkYr[kwf

udef;*Pef;qefaom t"dyÜm,frsm; xGufay:vm

vdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/ xdkYaMumifh zkef;eHygwfrsm; (vrf;?

tdrfeHygwfrsm;) onf eHygwfrsm;jzpfaomfvnf;

¤if;wdkYonf trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;jzpfMuonf/

atmufygavhusifhcef;xJ&Sd pmom;rsm;xJrS OyrmESifh

]q} ESifh ]Z} wdkYonf udef;*Pef;rsm;yg0ifaom

trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;jzpfMuonf/


- 111 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh tajzrsm;onf

udef;*Pef;a'wm odkYr[kwf trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m

a'wmrsm; [kwf^r[kwf qkH;jzwf&rnf/

1/ tajzrsm;

(u) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm

(c) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm

(*) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm

(C) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm

2/ tajzrsm;

(u) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm

(c) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm

(*) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm

(C) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm

(i) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm

(p) udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wm

(q) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm

(Z) trsdK;tpm;qdkif&ma'wm


- 112 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ajzMum;csufrsm;udk

oauFwa&;om;NyD; Z,m;wpfckxJwGif jznfhpGuf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

ar; 1 ar; 2 ar; 3 ar; 4

yg0ifajzMum;ol 2 3 3 2 2



vkyfief;pOf - a'wmrSwfwrf;rsm;jzifh

jyóemajz&Sif;jcif;


ausmif;om;rsm;u a'wmZ,m;wpfckudk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ

&rnf/

rSwfcsuf - tcsdKUtzGJUrsm;taejzifh touft&G,f

tydkif;tjcm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ a'wmZ,m;xJwGif

jznfhpGufonfhtcgwGif tBuHay;&ef vdktyfonfhtwGuf

ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ (odkY) tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ppfaq;ay;yg

- jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;udk Oyrmwpfcktaejzifh

Munfhyg/ (Oyrm - <20? 21-30? 31-40…..? pojzifh/)


< 2021-

30

31-

40

41-

50

51-

60

61-

70

71-

80> 80

3 4 3 2 2 1 3 1

2/ tzGJUrsm;u tajctaeudk aqG;aEG;NyD; jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom

ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/


a'wmZ,m;xJwGif ]rajzqdkvdkyg} [laom a&G;cs,fp&m

ESifh ]tjcm;omoma&;} [laom a&G;cs,fp&mwdkYudk

xnfhoGif;ay;yg/

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 8 2 2 1 1 2 1

0 - rajzqdkvdkyg

1 - Ak'¨bmom

2 - rlpvif

3 - c&pf,mef

4 - [dE´L

5 - awmawmifa&ajr tp&SdonfwdkYudk udk;uG,fol

6 - bmomrJh

7 - tjcm;aom udk;uG,fonfhbmom

xdkYaemuf okawoe tpD&ifcHpmwrf; (tcef; 10 wGif

Munfhyg) \ cGJjcrf;pdppfcsufESifh (odkY) aqG;aEG;csuf&Sd

]tjcm;aom udk;uG,fonfhbmom} rnfonfh

trsdK;tpm;rsm; yg0ifaMumif; &Sif;jyyg/

aqG;aEG;csuf




udef;*Pef;qdkif&ma'wmrsm;udk ydkrdktqifhjrifhaom

udef;*Pef;qdkif&m cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh

cGJjcrf;pdppfEdkifygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

¤if;a'wmrsm;onf udef;*Pef;toGif &SdaeESifhNyD;om;

jzpfonfh twGufaMumifhjzpfonf/ trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m

a'wmrsm;udk eHygwfwefzdk;rsm;ay;&ef t&ifvdktyf

ygonf/

trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;udk tpktzGJUrsm; odkYr[kwf

trsdK;tpm;rsm;tjzpf tkyfpkzGJUEdkifNyD; ¤if;wdkYonf

tqdkygtpktzGJU\ t&G,ftpm; odkYr[kwf wpfckESifh

wpfck qufET,faeonfh trsdK;tpm;rsm;qdkif&m

tcsuftvufrsm; azmfjyay;Edkifygonf/


- 113 -

8.2 &Sif;vif;azmfjyay;aom

udef;*Pef;

tcsuftvufrsm;

tBudKavhvmcsuf



rSwfcsuf - vdktyfygu Z,m;\ b,fbufaumfvHonf

jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom arG;csif;armifESr ta&twGufjzpfaMumif;

(a'wmrsm;ay: tajccHí) &Sif;jyyg/ nmbufjcrf;&Sd

aumfvHonf tqdkyg armifESrta&twGuf&Sdonfh

ausmif;om; ta&twGufjzpfaMumif; &Sif;jyyg/ (Oyrm

- ausmif;om;ESpfOD;wGif arG;csif;armifESr r&SdMubJ?

ausmif;om; 7 OD;wGif arG;csif;armifESr 2 OD;pD&SdMuonf

tp&Sdojzifh/)

tajzrsm;

1/ 2

2/ 4

3/ þZ,m;wGif rwljcm;em;aom wefzdk;rsm; tBudrfrnfrQ

ay:xGufvmaMumif; azmfjyjcif;jzifh a'wmrsm;udk

tESpfcsKyfxm;ygonf/ pmrsufESm 112 &Sd Z,m;wGif

yg0ifajzMum;olwpfOD;csif;xHrS ajzMum;csufwpfckcsif;pD

twGuf wefzdk;rsm;yg0ifonf/

rSwfcsuf - ysrf;rQudef;? tv,fudef;ESifh Budrfrsm;udef;

wdkYudk a'wmtpkwpfpktwGif;&Sd A[dkwefzdk;rsm;udk

wGufcsuf&ef tokH;jyKygonf/

ysrf;rQudef;onf &v'frsm;udk ajymif;vJEdkifaom wefzdk;BuD;

(odkY) wefzdk;i,fudef;rsm;r&Sdonfh udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;

twGuf ysrf;rQudef;wGufcsuf&mwGif tokH;0ifqkH;jzpfonf/

Oyrm - oif\ &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd vlrsm;\ wpfywfpm

ysrf;rQ0ifaiGudk od&SdvdkNyD; vlwdkif;u qifwlnDaom

yrmP &&Sdonfqdkygu ysrf;rQudef;udk tokH;jyKNyD;

A[dkwefzdk;udk wGufcsufEdkifygonf/

tv,fudef;onf usef&Sdaom a'wmtpktzGJUESifh

EIdif;,SOfvQif A[dkwefzdk;udk ajymif;vJEdkifonfh tvGef

BuD;rm;aom (odkY) tvGefao;i,faom eHygwfrsm;

yg0ifonfh udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;twGuf tokH;jyKygonf/

Oyrm - oif\ &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd vlrsm;\ wpfywfpm

ysrf;rQ0ifaiGudk od&SdvdkNyD; vlwpfOD;u tjcm;vlrsm;xuf

rsm;pGm0ifaiG&&Sdaeygu tv,fudef;udktokH;jyKygonf/

tv,fudef; 0ifaiGwefzdk;onf ydkrdkrsm;jym;Edkifygonf/

tb,faMumifh qdkaomf vltrsm;u 0ifaiGenf;yg;onfh

tcgwGif vlwpfOD;u 0ifaiGjrifhrm;aeonfhtwGufaMumifh

jzpfonf/ tv,fudef; (tv,fwefzdk;) onf vltrsm;

&&Sdonfh 0ifaiGESifh eD;pyfygvdrfhrnf/

Budrfrsm;udef;onf usm;^r? tvkyftudkif odkYr[kwf

vlrsm; aexdkifonfh NrdKUe,frsm;uJhodkYaom trsdK;tpm;

qdkif&m (udef;*Pef;r[kwfaom) a'wmrsm;twGuf

tokH;0ifqkH;jzpfonf/ Oyrm - oifh&yf&GmxJ&Sd

vlrsm;udk rnfonfhtvkyftudkif vkyfaqmifMuaMumif;

ar;jref;MunfhvQif vltrsm;u vkyfaqmifonfh

tvkyftudkifonf Budrfrsm;udef; jzpfygvdrfhrnf/


- 114 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u t*Fvdyfpm pmoifcef;

ausmif;om;rsm;\ arG;csif;armifESr udef;*Pef;rsm;rS

ysrf;rQudef;? tv,fudef;ESifh Budrfrsm;udef;wdkYudk

wGufcsuf&rnf/

• tajzrsm;udk ar;jref;NyD;onfhtcgwGif tcsdKU

ausmif;om;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ wGufcsufykHtm;

oifykef;ay:wGif vufawGUwGufcsufjycdkif;yg/

tajzrsm;

ysrf;rQudef; - 0 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2

+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 45

45^20 = 2.25

tv,fudef; - 0? 1? 1? 1? 1? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 3? 3? 3?

3? 5? 5? 5 = 2

rSwfcsuf - ajzMum;csufrsm;onf pkH*Pef;jzpfaeygu

(20) tv,fudef;wGufcsuf&ef (2 jzpfonf) twGuf

tv,fudef;rsm;\ ysrf;rQwefzdk; (10 BudrfESifh 11

Budrfajrmuf) wdkYudk &,lyg/

Budrfrsm;udef; - 0? 0? 1? 1? 1? 1? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 2? 3? 3?

3? 3? 5? 5? 5 = 2

vkyfief;pOf - a'wmrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD;

a'wmZ,m;wpfck zefwD;a&;qGJyg

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtaejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u a'wmZ,m;udk

Munfh½INyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) 34.125

(c) 2 em&D^120 rdepf

(*) touf 35 ESpfatmuf vlrsm;twGuf

tm;upm;onf ydkrdkausmfMum;ygonf (ajzMum;ol

3OD;u tm;upm;[kajzMum;NyD; wpfOD;uomvQif

pmzwfjcif;[k ajzMum;cJhonf/) touf 35 ESpf

txuf vlrsm;twGuf pmzwfjcif;onf ydkrdk

vlBudKufrsm;ygonf (ajzMum;ol 3 OD;u

pmzwfjcif;[k ajzMum;NyD; wpfOD;uomvQif

tm;upm;[k ajzMum;cJhygonf/)


a'wmZ,m;aemufwpfckudk xyfrHa&;qGJzefwD;&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u vl 8 OD;udk vlawGUar;jref;&rnf

jzpfNyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk wpfykHpHwnf; ar;jref;&rnf/

• ¤if;wdkY\ a'wmrsm;udk a'wmZ,m;xJwGif

jznfhpGuf&rnf/


- 115 -

3/ &v'frsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/

(u) a'wmrsm;wGif vlBuD;rsm;onf vGwfvyfrI

ydkrdk&&SdaMumif; odkYr[kwf enf;yg;aMumif;uJhodkYaom

erlemykHpHrsm;udk azmfjyaeygovm;/

(c) a'wmrsm;wGif touft&G,fESifh tm;upm; (odkY)

pmzwfjcif; BudKufESpfoufrI erlemwdkYudk ,SOfwGJ

azmfjyxm;ygovm;/

• qE´&Sdygu &v'frsm;tm;vkH;udk twef;vdkuf

aqmif&Gufaom a'wmZ,m;wpfcktjzpf aygif;pnf;yg/

4/ þtcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfolrsm;u tokH;jyKrnf

jzpfaMumif;ESifh rnfonfhtwGuf tokH;jyK&jcif;jzpfaMumif;

aqG;aEG;&rnf/


- aMumfjimolrsm;u tm;upm;ypönf;rsm; odkYr[kwf

pmtkyfrsm;? owif;pmrsm;? r*¾Zif;rsm;udk wdusaom

touft&G,f tkyfpkwpfpkpktm; a&mif;cs&ef

tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/

- trsm;jynfolqdkif&m vIHYaqmfrIrsm;u vli,frsm;

odkYr[kwf oufBuD;ydkif;rsm;udk tm;upm;

ydkrdkvkyfaqmif&ef wdkufwGef;vdkonfhtcgwGif

þa'wmrsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/


- 116 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u a'wmtpktzGJUrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;

BudrfEIef;rsm;udk zwf½I&rnf/

• ¤if;wdkYu BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;xJ&Sd trSm;ESpfckudk

cGJjcm;azmfxkwfNyD; rSefuefatmif jyifqifay;&rnf/

tajzrsm;

- vl 4 OD;u &rSwf 401-500 udk &&SdMuonf/

(6 OD;r[kwfyg)

- vl 3 OD;u "mwkaA'bmom&yfonf ¤if;wdkY\

tBudKufESpfoufqkH; bmom&yf[k ajzMum;cJhonf/

(2 OD;r[kwfyg)


- 117 -

vkyfief;pOf - BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u Oyrmay;xm;aom pmoifcef;rS

ausmif;om;rsm;\ touft&G,fqdkif&m BudrfEIef;jy

Z,m;udk Munfh½I&rnf/

• wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh qifwlnDrI&Sdaom oifwdkY\

pmoifcef;rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ touft&G,fqdkif&m

BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;wpfckudk a&;qGJyg/

2/ oifwdkY\ pmoifcef;ESifh Oyrm pmoifcef;wdkY\

BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;rsm;udk EIdif;,SOfyg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u Oyrmpmoifcef;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\

pmoifcef;rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ touft&G,frsm;udk

EIdif;,SOfcGJjcm;MunfhNyD; ajymjyEdkifonfh

taMumif;t&mrsm;udk 0gusa&;zGJUí pm&if;wpfck

jyKpk&rnf/ Oyrm -

- ]Oyrmpmoifcef;wGif uREkfyfwdkY\tcef;ESifh

EIdif;pmvQif ysrf;rQudef;t& touft&G,f

ydkrdkBuD;&ifhygonf/}

- ]Oyrmpmoifcef;wGif touf 16-20 twGif;&Sdonfh

ausmif;om;rsm;onf uREkfyfwdkY\tcef;ESifh

EIdif;pmvQif ydkrdkenf;yg;ygonf/}

aqG;aEG;csuf




- trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;onf ydkrdkvG,fulEdkif

ygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ¤if;a'wmrsm;udk

oauFw owfrSwfvdkufonfhtcgwGif cGJjcrf;

pdppf&ef eHygwftenf;i,fom &Sdíjzpfonf/

(vdktyfygu pmrsufESm 110-112 &Sd oauFw

a&;om;owfrSwfjcif;taMumif; ausmif;om;rsm;udk

jyefvnfowday;yg/)

- trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;onf em;vnf&

ydkrdkvG,fulygonf/ txl;ojzifh ½dk;&Sif;aom

trsdK;tpm;rsm; &SdaeonfhtcgwGifjzpfonf/ Oyrm -

tBudKufESpfoufqkH; tpm;tpmrsm;/

- udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;onf ydkrdkvG,fulEdkifygonf/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf

qdkif&m cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif; rjyKvkyfrD oauFwa&;om;

owfrSwfjcif;udk t&ifvkyfaqmif&ef rvdktyfonfh

twGufjzpfonf/

- udef;*Pef;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;jzpfygonf/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf a'wmrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppf&ef

enf;vrf;rsm;pGm &SdonftwGufaMumifhjzpfonf/

(Oyrm - ysrf;rQudef;? tv,fudef; odkYr[kwf

Budrfrsm;udef;)/


- 118 -

8.3 ta&twGufpHjyK

a'wmrsm;udk jrifEdkifatmif

ykHazmfjcif;

rSwfcsuf - þtcef;i,fwGif ausmif;om;rsm;u

azmfjyxm;aom odkYr[kwf aumuf,lcJhaom

a'wmrsm;udk tokH;jyKNyD; bm;csyfrsm; (bar charts) ESifh puf0dkif;um;csyfrsm; (pie charts) a&;qGJjcif;udk

avhusifh&rnf/ ¤if;um;csyfrsm;udk vufjzifha&;qGJEdkifonf

odkYr[kwf Microsoft Excel y½dk*&rfponfh

aqmhvf0Jvfrsm;udk tokH;jyKí avhusifhEdkifygonf/

tBudKavhvmcsuf



tajzrsm;

1/ u = bm;csyf (bar chart)? c = puf0dkif;um;csyf (pie chart)

2/ ¤if;um;csyfrsm;udk a'wmZ,m;wpfckjzifh Munfhjcif;xuf

ydkrdkem;vnf&ef vG,fulEdkifonfh enf;vrf;wpfckjzifh

azmfjy&mwGif tokH;jyKygonf/

avhusifhcef;




ajymif;vJa&;om;&rnf/


1/ rSm;ygonf - aumfzDqdkifonf 'DZifbmvwGif

tausmfMum;qkH;jzpfonf/

2/ rSm;ygonf - vltrsm;u ESpfwpfESpfwm\

'kwd,ydkif;wGif vma&mufvnfywfrI ydkrdkrsm;jym;cJh

ygonf/

3/ rSm;ygonf - vma&muf0,f,lolrsm;onf

arvESifh ZGefvwGif avQmhusoGm;NyD;aemuf

jyefvnfrsm;jym;vmcJhygonf/


- 119 -

vkyfief;pOf - bm;csyfwpfck zefwD;yg

rSwfcsuf - ausmif;om;rsm;onf atmufwGif

azmfjyxm;aom Oyrm bm;csyfESifh qifwlnDrI&Sdaom

um;csyfrsm;udk a&;qGJaejcif; &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;yg/ xdkYtwl

ausmif;om;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ pmtkyfxJ&Sd a&SUpmrsufESmrS

bm;csyfOyrmudk Munfh½IEdkifaMumif; jyefvnfowday;yg/

¤if;wdkY\ um;csyfrsm;wGif acgif;pOfwpfck? X 0if½dk; (wefzdk;rsm;) ESifh Y 0if½dk; (ajzMum;csuf

ta&twGuf^BudrfEIef;) wdkY\ trnfrsm; yg0ifoifh

ygonf/ ar;cGef; (2) twGuf um;csyfwGif vufpGJ

uGefysLwmESifh vufudkifzkef;rsm;jzpfonfh ypönf;ESpfrsdK;

twGuf bm;csyfrsm;onf eHygwf 0-5 wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf

rnfodkYjcm;em;aMumif; (ykHoP²mefESifh ta&mifrsm;)

azmfjyay;onfh tnTef;udef;wpfck vdktyfygonf/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tdrf&SdvQyfppfypönf;rsm;

BudrfEIef;jyZ,m;rS ar;cGef; (1) udk Munfh½I&rnf/

• txufyga'wmrsm;udk tokH;jyKNyD; tdrfwGif&Sdaom

tdwfaqmifuGefysLwm ta&twGufudk azmfjyonfh

bm;csyfwpfckudk ausmif;om;rsm;u a&;qGJ&rnf/

tajz

2/ ausmif;om;rsm; tdrf&SdvQyfppfypönf;rsm; BudrfEIef;jy

Z,m;rS ar;cGef; (2) udk Munfh½I&rnf/

• txufyg a'wmrsm;udk tokH;jyKNyD; tdrfwGif&Sdaom

tdwfaqmifuGefysLwmESifh vufudkifzkef; ta&twGufudk

azmfjyonfh bm;csyfwpfckudk ausmif;om;rsm;u

a&;qGJ&rnf/

rSwfcsuf - vdktyfygu X 0if½dk;ay:&Sd bm;csyfESpfcktwGuf

(vlta&twGufBudrfEIef;ESifh zkef;&Sdonfhvlta&twGuf

BudrfEIef;) rwljcm;em;onfh ykHoP²mef? ta&mif (odkY)

erlem ykHpHwdkYudk tokH;jyK&ef tBuHjyKay;yg (atmufwGif

ay;xm;aom bm;csyfxJ&Sd rwlnDonfh tjyma&mif

bm;wdkifrsm;udkMunfhyg)/

tajz

3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh wGJzuf\ um;csyfrsm;udk

tjyeftvSef ppfaq;&rnf/

• ¤if;wdkY wGJzuf\ um;csyfxJwGif acgif;pOfwpfck?

wefzdk;rsm;? X 0if½dk;ESifh Y 0if½dk;udk rSefuefpGm

trnfay;xm;jcif;&Sd^r&SdESifh um;csyfxJwGif a'wmrsm;udk

rSefuefpGm azmfjyxm;jcif;&Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&rnf/

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfonfh xkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf

rSefuefMuaMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

tajz

2

avhusifhcef;

rSwfcsuf - puf0dkif;um;csyfwpfckay:wGif rwlnDonfh

a'wmpkESpfrsdK;udk azmfjy&efcufcJygonf/ xdkodkY

cufcJonfh twGufaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef; (2)

(vufudkifzkef;rsm;) a'wmrsm;udkom azmfjyMuygonf/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tdrf&SdvQyfppfypönf;rsm; BudrfEIef;jy

Z,m;rS ar;cGef; (2) ay: tajccHí puf0dkif;um;csyfwpfck

a&;qGJ&rnf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u rdrdwdkY

wGJzuf\ um;csyfrsm;udk ppfaq;&rnf/

• wGJzuf\ um;csyfwGif acgif;pOfwpfck? wefzdk;ESifh

rSefuefaoma'wmrsm; xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;&Sd^r&Sd

ppfaq;&rnf/


- 120 -

tajz

vkyfief;pOf - ta&twGufpHjyK a'wmrsm;jzifh

twlvkyfudkifjcif;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfwrf;vTmESifh jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd

aomufokH;a& jyóemqdkif&m a'wmZ,m;udk

Munfh½I&rnf/


tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk

ajzqdk&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) ar;cGef; (4) onf udef;*Pef;qdkif&m ar;cGef;jzpfNyD;

ar;cGef; 1? 2? 3? 5 ESifh 6 wdkYonf trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m

a'wmrsm;jzpfMuonf/

(c) 2

(*) 25%

(C) Al;rsm;

rSwfcsuf - touft&G,frsm;udk (ar;cGef; 1) eHygwfrsm;

tjzpf azmfjycJhaomfvnf; þOyrmwGif ¤if;wdkYonf

trsdK;tpm; qdkif&m a'wmrsm;jzpfMuonf/ tb,faMumifh

qdkaomf touft&G,frsm;udk rwlnDonfh trsdK;tpm; 5 ck

tjzpf zGJUpnf;owfrSwfxm;onfh twGufaMumifhjzpfonf/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tpD&ifcHpmwrf;udk zwf½I&rnf/

• xdkYaemuf uGufvyfrsm;wGif oifhawmfaom

pum;vkH;rsm;udk jznfhpGuf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

(u) &Spf

(c) pdppfa&G;cs,ferlem

(*) udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonf

(C) 75%

(i) aus;vufa'o

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u pmrsufESm 121 &Sd um;csyf

wpfckcsif;pDwGif rnfonfht&mrsm;udk azmfjyxm;aMumif;

qkH;jzwf&rnf/

jzpfEfdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;

(u) bm;csyfwGif a'ocHrsm;\ aomufokH;a& &if;jrpf

wnfae&mrsm;\ BudrfEIef;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/

(c) puf0dkif;um;csyfwGif oefY&Sif;aom aomufokH;a&

tvG,fwul&&Sdonfh (odkYr[kwf) r&&Sdonfh vlOD;a&

&mcdkifEIef;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ ¤if;um;csyfwGif

vlOD;a&\ 75% onf aeYpOfb0wGif oefY&Sif;aom

aomufokH;a&udk r&&SdMuaMumif; azmfjyaeygonf/

4/ 1/ r&&Sdyg/

2/ &&SdokH;pGJEdkifygonf/


- 121 -


- 122 -

vkyfief;pOf - ta&twGufpHjyKa'wmrsm;udk

aumuf,lNyD; cGJjcrf;pdppfyg

rSwfcsuf - ausmif;om;rsm;u &yf&GmvlxkxHrS

rwljcm;em;aom tajzrsm;udk &&SdEdkifonfhtwGuf

aomufokH;a& jyóemqdkif&m &yf&Gmppfwrf;udk tdrfpm

tjzpf wm0efay;vQif ydkrdkvG,fulEdkifygonf/

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtvdkuf ausmif;om;rsm;u aomufokH;a&

jyóemqdkif&m &yf&Gmppfwrf;udk vl 4 OD;tm; ajzqdk&ef

awmif;qdkNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;

&rnf/

• ¤if;tajzrsm;udk a'wmZ,m;xJwGif jznfhpGuf&rnf/


ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ a'wmrsm;udk

aygif;pnf;&rnf/

• ¤if;wdkYu ajzMum;ol 8 OD;? 12 OD;? 16 OD; (odkY) 20 OD;

twGuf a'wmZ,m;a&;qGJí a'wmrsm;tm;vkH;udk

Z,m;xJwGif jznfhpGuf&rnf/

3/ tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\&v'frsm;udk bm;csyfwpfckESifh

puf0dkif; um;csyfwpfckwGif xnfhoGif;azmfjy&rnf/

4/ ¤if;wdkY\ um;csyfrsm;udk eH&Hay:wGif uyfxm;&rnf/

• xdkYaemuf tcef;wpf0dkuf vrf;avQmufNyD; tjcm;

tzGJUrsm;\ um;csyfrsm;udk Munfh½I&rnf/


- 123 -

rSwfcsuf - Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfwGif&Sdaom

owif;tcsuftvufrsm;rSm oifMum;&mwGif

a&G;cs,fEdkifonfh t&mwpfckjzpfygonf/ ¤if;y½dk*&rfudk

a'wmcGJjcrf;pdppf&mwGif taxmuftultjzpf ynma&;ESifh

vlrIa&; odyÜHavhvmrIwdkYwGif tokH;jyKygonf/

¤if;y½dk*&rfudk ykHrSeftm;jzifh tawGUtBuHK&Sdaom

okawoDrsm;u tokH;jyKMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh oif\

ausmif;om;rsm;onf okawoepGrf;&nfrsm;udk ,ckrS

pwifoif,laeMuolrsm; jzpfygu þy½dk*&rfonf

¤if;wdkYtwGuf odyfNyD;tokH;0ifvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/

SPSS ESifh spreadsheet (Oyrm - excel) y½dk*&rf

ESpfckpvkH;onf ta&twGufpHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;twGuf

tokH;0ifEdkifNyD; ¤if;wdkYESpfckpvkH;wGif tm;omcsufESifh

tm;enf;csufrsm; &SdMuygonf/ a,bk,stm;jzifhqdk&vQif SPSS y½dk*&rfudk rsm;jym;NyD; ½IyfaxG;aom a'wmrsm;tm;

cGJjcrf;pdppf&mwGif ydkrdktokH;wnfhaom y½dk*&rftjzpf

owfrSwfxm;Muonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;y½dk*&rftm;

tokH;jyKenf;udk oif,l&efcufcJEdkifygonf/ tajccH

udef;*Pef; qdkif&m cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;twGuf? Excel y½dk*&rfonf tokH;jyK&ef vG,fulvsifjrefrI&SdNyD; vltrsm;

taejzifhvnf; ¤if;wdkY\ uGefysLwmwGif Microsoft Office suite \ wpfpdwfwpfydkif;taejzifh &SdESifhNyD;om;

jzpfygonf/

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf



tajzrsm;

1/ SPSS onf a'wmrsm;udk vsifjrefrI&SdNyD; wduspGm

cGJjcrf;pdppf&ef twGuf tokH;jyKonfh uGefysLwm

y½dk*&rfwpfckjzpfonf/

2/ um;csyfrsm;ESifh Z,m;rsm;

3/ SPSS onf a'wmrsm;pGm aumuf,l&onfh pDrHudef;rsm;

twGuf tokH;0ifEdkifygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

¤if;udk tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh udef;*Pef;qdkif&m cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;

ESifh okawoeudk &Sif;vif;azmfjy&eftwGuf

um;csyfrsm;ESifh Z,m;rsm;a&;qGJ&mwGif vsifjrefpGm

aqmif&GufEdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/


- 124 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - um;csyfrsm;ESifh

Z,m;rsm;




]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 13 ck

ajrmufjzpfonf/






okawoeacgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;rsm;onf



odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk

ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u bm;csyfrsm;ESifh Z,m;rsm;onf

¤if;wdkY\ okawoe &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk wifquf&ef

oifhawmfrI &Sd^r&Sd qkH;jzwf&rnf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u bm;csyfrsm;ESifh

Z,m;rsm;udk ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;xJwGif rnfodkY

tokH;jyKoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf




1/ udef;*Pef;tcsuftvuf a'wmrsm;ESifhtwl - a'wmpk

wpfpk &SdonfhtcgwGif/

2/ trsdK;tpm;qdkif&m a'wmrsm;ESifhtwl - tpktzGJUrsm;

tMum; EIdif;,SOfvdkonfhtcg oifha'wmrsm;\

erlemykHpHudk jrifEdkifonfhykHpHrsm;jzifh azmfjyvdkonfhtcg/


- 125 -

tcef; 9 -

t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;


- 126 -

9.1 t&nftaoG;pHjyK

a'wmrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;

tBudKavhvmcsuf

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tajctaejyjzpf&yfudk zwf½INyD;

vlawGUar;jref;jcif; NyD;qkH;oGm;onfhaemufwGif xyfrH

vkyfaqmifEdkifajc&Sdaom okawoetqifhrsm;udk

aqG;aEG;&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;\ tjrifrsm;udk oifykef;ay:wGif

a&;csyg/


- a'wmaumuf,lNyD;oGm;onfhtcgwGif rSwfpkwdkrsm;

tm;vkH; pkpnf;yg/

- vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;wGif ajymMum;vmonfh

taMumif;t&mrsm;xJrS ykHpHwlerlemrsm;udk &SmazGyg/

- a'wmrsm;u okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;udk rnfodkY

ajzMum;MuaMumif; avhvmyg/

- t"du&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm; yg0ifonfh okawoe

tpD&ifcHpmwrf;wpfckudk rlMurf;a&;om;yg/

- &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk okawoear;cGef;ESifh

wdkufqdkifppfaq;yg/

- okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;xHrS

&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; tBuHjyKcsufrsm;

awmif;cHyg/

- yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;\ tBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk

tpD&ifcHpmwrf;xJwGif xnfhoGif;azmfjyyg/

- tpD&ifcHpmwrf;udk tNyD;owfa&;yg/


- 127 -

vkyfief;pOf - EIdif;,SOfcGJjcm; azmfxkwfyg

• ausmif;om;rsm;u t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfonfh tqifhrsm;udk zwf½Iyg/ xdkYaemuf

pmrsufESm 109 &Sd ta&twGufpHjyK a'wmrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfonfh tqifhrsm;ESifh EIdif;,SOfMunfh&rnf/

• tzGJUi,frsm; odkYr[kwf wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh

ausmif;om;rsm;u qifwlnDcsufrsm;ESifh

uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpk&rnf/


qifwlnDcsufrsm;

- enf;vrf;ESpfckpvkH;wGif t"dutqifhBuD; 3 qifh

&Sdygonf/

- enf;vrf;ESpfckpvkH;wGif a'wmrsm;udk pkpnf;jcif;

yg0ifonf/

- ESpfckpvkH;wGif oauFwa&;om;owfrSwfjcif;

yg0ifonf/

- ESpfckpvkH;wGif a'wmrsm;twGif; qifwlnDcsufrsm;

ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;udk &SmazGjcif;ESifh

qufET,frIrsm;udk &SmazGjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/

- ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufrsm;onf okawoe ar;cGef;jzifh

csdwfqufrI &Sdoifhygonf/

uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;

- ta&twGufpHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;wGif &Sif;vif;azmfjy

ay;aom udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;? um;csyfrsm;ESifh

Z,m;rsm; zefwD;a&;qGJjcif; yg0ifonf/

t&nftaoG;pHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;wGif

vlawGUar;jref;jcif; rSwfwrf;rsm;udk ul;,la&;csjcif;

yg0ifEdkifonf/

- ta&twGufpHjyKa'wmrsm;&Sd udef;*Pef;rsm;ESifh

EIdif;,SOfMunfhvQif t&nftaoG;pHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;ü

pmom;rsm;twGif; ykHpHwlerlemrsm; (acgif;pOfrsm;) udk

&SmazGjcif; yg0ifonf/


- 128 -

vkyfief;pOf - pmydk'frsm;ESifh oauFwrsm;udk wGJpyfyg


tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u ajzMum;csufrsm;

(i-vii) udk oauFwrsm; (u-p) wdkYjzifh wGJpyf&rnf/


i. u? C? i

ii. u

iii. c? *

iv. u? c? C

v. u

vi. c? C? i

vii. c? i

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u tqdkyg vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;xJwGif

razmfjycJhaom oauFwrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

tajz

(p) EdkifiHa&;

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ajzMum;csufrsm;

xJrS jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonfh oauFwtopfrsm;udk



ii. ESifh iii. oauFwtopf - ]usef;rma&;}

iv. ESifh vii. oauFwtopf - ]a&TUajymif;vkyfudkifjcif;jzifh

rdom;pktm; ulnDyHhydk;ay;jcif;}

4/ tu,fí okawoe pDrHudef;onf ]vli,frsm;taejzifh

¤if;wdkY\tvkyfwGif rnfonfht&mrsm;udk vdkcsifMu

oenf;} [líjzpfygu rnfonfhoauFwrsm;u

qifwlnDrI &SdEdkifNyD; odkYr[kwf rnfonfhoauFwrsm;u

uGJjym;jcm;em;EdkifaMumif;udk wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh

aqG;aEG;&rnf/ txufygar;cGef;twGuf xyfrH

aygif;xnfhEdkifrnfh odkYr[kwf ajymif;vJEdkifrnfh

tjcm;aom oauFwrsm;udk pOf;pm;Munfh&rnf/


- ]aiGaMu;} ESifh ]tvkyftawGUtBuHK} wdkYonf

qufET,frI&SdEdkifygonf/

- ]uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrI r&Sdjcif;} udkvnf;

]uRrf;usifrIrsm;} tjzpf ajymif;vJEdkifonf/

- ]c&D;oGm;vdkpdwf&Sdjcif;} udkvnf; ]c&D;oGm;jcif;} tjzpf

ajymif;vJEdkifonf/

- ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh ]oifwef;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;}

odkYr[kwf vli,frsm;u tvkyfwpfckrS &&Sdvdkonfh

tjcm;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk oauFwtopfrsm;

tjzpf xyfrHaygif;xnfhEdkifygonf/


- 129 -


- 130 -

vkyfief;pOf - vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ajzMum;csufrsm;udk

oauFwa&;om;jcif;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

ajzMum;csufrsm;udk zwf½I&rnf/

1/ xdkYaemuf rnfonfhajzMum;csufrsm;onf oauFw ]u}

ESifh ]c} wdkYjzifh wGJpyfEdkifaMumif; cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/


(u) yg0ifajzMum;ol (1) - ][mo½kyf&SifZmwfum;rsm;}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (2) - ]ZmwfMurf;½kyf&Sifum;rsm;}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (3) - ]tdE´d, Zmwfum;rsm;}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (4) - ]vQdKU0Sufqef;Mu,f

½kyf&Sifum;rsm;}

(c) yg0ifajzMum;ol (1) - ]wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjyeftvSef

Muifemaz;rMuyg/}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (2) - ]vlaumif;u &JpGrf;owåd&SdNyD;

oefrmí vlqdk;rsm;u raumif;rI'kp½dkufrsm;udk

vkyfaqmifMuonf/}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (3) - ]rdom;pkESifh cspfjcif;arwåm}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (4) - ]vlrsm;\awG;ac:rIykHpHudk

a0zefydkif;jcm;pOf;pm;NyD; em;vnfatmifBudK;pm;jcif;}

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;csufrsm;udk zwf½INyD;

xyfrHxGufay:vmEdkifajc&Sdaom oauFwtopfrsm;udk


• þae&mwGif ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfonfh

oauFwrsm;udk xGufay:vmEdkifajc&Sdaom

oauFwtjzpf owfrSwfxm;aMumif;udk

wpfwef;vkH;ESifhtwl ppfaq;ay;Edkifonf/


(*) cHpm;csufrsm;

(C) Zmwfaumifrsm;

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u xGufay:vmEdkifajc&Sdaom

oauFwrsm;udk vlawGUar;jref;jcif; ajzMum;csuf

pmom;rsm; (pum;vkH;rsm; (odkY) pum;pkrsm;) \

tpdwftydkif;rsm;jzifh wGJpyf&rnf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf

0guswpfaMumif;vkH; r[kwfbJ 0guswpfaMumif;\

tpdwftydkif;rsm; (pum;vHk;rsm;? pum;pkrsm;) xJrS

oauFwrsm;udkom cGJjcm;azmfxkwfjcif; jzpfap&ef

ppfaq;ay;yg/


(*) yg0ifajzMum;ol (1) - ]uREkfyfudk aysmf&Tifapygonf}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (2) - ]&JpGrf;owåd&SdNyD; oefrmvm

onf[k cHpm;&rdonf}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (3) - ]aw;*DwESifh tuudk

BudKufESpfoufygonf}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (4) - ]pdwfvIyf&Sm;zG,faumif;onf}

(C) yg0ifajzMum;ol (1) - ]aygaMumifaMumif

Zmwfaumifrsm;}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (2) - ]vlaumif;}? ]vlqdk;}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (3) - ]qif;&Jonfh rdom;pkrS

wpfpkHwpfa,mufESifh csrf;omonfh rdom;pkwpfpkrS

wpfpkHwpfa,muf}

yg0ifajzMum;ol (4) - ]'kp½dkufrI usL;vGefcJhol}


- 131 -


- 132 -

jzpf&yfavhvmcsuf




1/ xdkif;-jrefrm e,fpyfa'owGif aexdkifMuaom

udk,f0efaqmif a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm;ESifh 'ku©onfrsm;u

pdwfusef;rma&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; rnfonfht&mrsm;udk

od&Sdxm;Muoenf;/

2/ pdwfa&m*gvu©Pmrsm;? pdwfa&m*gjzpfyGm;aponfh

taMumif;t&mrsm;? udk,fhudk,fudk,f

aoaMumif;BuHpDrIrsm;? udk,f0efaqmifumv

pdwfa&m*gESifh pdwfa&m*gpDrHxdef;csKyfjcif;/

3/ rdom;pkESifh tdrfaxmifzufxHrS yHhydk;rI? txD;usefjcif;ESifh

oD;jcm;jzpfaeonfh cHpm;csufrsm;/

4/ okawoDrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ &v'frsm;wlnDrI&Sd^r&Sd

od&SdvdkaomaMumifh wpfOD;pD oD;jcm;okawoe

jyKpkcJhMuonf (½IaxmifhpkH ppfaq;csuf[lívnf;

od&Sdxm; ygonf)/ þenf;jzifh okawoe

&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;\ ,kHMunfvufcHEdkifpGrf;udkvnf;

jrifhwufap ygonf/ (tcef; 2? pmrsufESm 38-39 wGif

Munfhyg/)

5/ a'wmrsm;udk ul;,la&;csyg/ aeYpGJrsm;udk jyifqif

zGJUpnf;yg? a'wmtrnfrsm;? a'wmoauFw a&;om;

owfrSwfyg? acgif;pOfrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfyg?

ed*kH;csKyf aumufcsufrsm; a&;om;yg? oif\ ed*kH;csKyf

aumufcsufrsm;onf okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh

csdwfqufrI&Sdap&ef *½kpdkufyg/


- 133 -

rSwfcsuf - NVivo onf t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm;

cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;twGuf tokH;jyKonfh y½dk*&rfrsm;pGmxJrS

wpfckjzpfonf/ tokH;jyKolrsm;u ¤if;y½dk*&rfrsm;tm;

tokH;jyKenf;udk vufawGUvkyfudkifjcif; odkYr[kwf

vkyfief;cGif wpfckwGif oif,lavhvmjcif;rSwpfqifh

ykHrSeftm;jzifh wuúodkvfwGif oif,lcJhMuygonf/

okawoD wpfOD;u a'wmrsm;pGmudk cGJjcrf;pdppf&ygu

¤if;y½dk*&rfonf txl;tokH;0ifygonf/

SPSS uJhodkYyif NVivo onfvnf; tokH;jyK&ef

cufcJEdkifNyD; a'wmrsm;pGmyg0ifonfh tBuD;pm;okawoe

pDrHudef;rsm;wGifom rMumcPtokH;jyKMuygonf/

,ckrSpwifrnfh okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf

pmom;rsm;udk oauFwa&;om;owfrSwf&ef ¤if;wdkYESifh

&if;ESD;rI&Sdaom word processing programs odkYr[kwf

vufa&; rSwfpkwdkrsm; ponfh enf;vrf;rsm;udkom

tokH;jyKoifhygonf/

1/ t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmcGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;twGuf

uGefysLwm y½dk*&rfwpfck/

2/ ¤if;y½dk*&rfonf t&nftaoG;pHjyK a'wmrsm;pGmudk

(pmom;rsm;? "mwfykHrsm; (odkY) ADG'D,dk)

vrf;aMumif;ay;jcif;? trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;ay;jcif;ESifh

oauFwrsm; owfrSwfay;jcif;wdkY vsifjrefpGm

vkyfaqmifay;Edkifonf/

3/ zGJUpnf;&ef? oauFwowfrSwf&efESifh cGJjcrf;pdppf&ef

vdktyfonfh pmom;rsm; (pum;vkH;)? "mwfykHrsm; odkYr[kwf

toHzdkifrsm; rsm;pGmyg0ifonfh pDrHudef;wpfckjzpfonf/

aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vkH; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;taejzifh



pm&Gufydkif;wpfckay:wGif oauFwrsm;udk a&;csyg/

xdkYaemuf oauFwrsm;ab;wGif ¤if;wdkYESifh

qufET,fonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk wpfpkHwpfa,mufu

ajymMum;cJhonfh toHzdkifxJrS puúefYESifh rdepfwdkYudk

a&;csyg/


- 134 -

9.2 acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m

cGJjcrf;pdppfjcif;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;u oif\a'wmxJwGif

xyfwvJvJ jzpfay:aeaom t"dutaMumif;t&mrsm;udk

cGJjcm;azmfxkwfay;NyD; okawoear;cGef;rsm;udk

ajzqdk&mwGif taxmuftulay;ygonf/

2/ acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;onf oauFwrsm;xuf

ydkrdkus,fjyefYNyD; oauFwrsm;udk twlwuG pkpnf;Edkif&ef

tcGifhta&;ay;ygonf/

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u oauFwrsm;ESifh acgif;pOf

taMumif;t&mrsm; (u-C) udk Z,m;xJ&Sd

uGufvyfrsm;wGif (1-4) jznfhpGuf&rnf/

tajzrsm;

1/ (C)

2/ (c)

3/ (u)

4/ (*)


- 135 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;\

tpdwftydkif;rsm; (1-8) udk acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;

toGifodkY trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;&rnf/

tajzrsm;

uav;jyKpkysdK;axmifjcif; - 1? 5

0ifaiGvnfywfpD;qif;rI - 2? 3? 6? 8

tBuHÓPfrsm; - 4? 7


- 136 -

vkyfief;pOf - acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m cGJjcrf;pdppfcsuf

rSwfcsuf - acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m cGJjcrf;pdppfonfh

tcgwGif acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh oauFwrsm;udk

ydkif;jcm;&ef cufcJEdkifygonf/ tu,fí xGufay:vmonfh

oauFwrsm;ESifh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk

trsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;onfhtcgwGif acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m

tjzpf owfrSwf&ef vkHavmufaom us,fjyefYrI

odkYr[kwf oauFwtjzpfowfrSwf&ef vkHavmufaom

wdusrI &Sd^r&Sd raocsmonfhtcgwGif txl;ojzifh

cufcJygonf/ ,ckrSpwifrnfh okawoDtopfrsm;twGuf

wduspGm rSefuefrI&Sd&ef ta&;rBuD;yg/ tawGUtBuHKrsm;

vmonfESifhtrQ ydkrdkvG,fulvmygvdrfhrnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoear;cGef;ESifh vlawGU

ar;jref;jcif;rsm;rS qGJxkwfxm;aom pmydk'f 3 ydk'fudk

zwf½I&rnf/


ausmif;om;rsm;u vlawGUar;jref;jcif;rsm;xJrS

&SdNyD;om; oauFwrsm;jzpfonfh ]ydk;rTm;rsm;}? ]rdk;&GmoGef;rI

rsm;jym;jcif;}? ]a&m*grsm;} wpfckcsif;pDESifh qufET,frI

&SdEdkifajc&Sdaom tjcm;oauFwrsm; (u-*) wdkYudk


• ausmif;om;rsm;u þtqifhwGif tcufawGUaeygu

tjcm;oauFw^rsm;udk azmfjyay;yg/ pmydk'f (u) twGuf

ydk;rTm;rsm;qdkonfh oauFwudk tokH;jyKrnfqdkygu

¤if;oauFwonf &SdESifhNyD;om; acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m

]wd&pämefrsm;} atmufwGif tusHK;0if&rnf/ Oyrm

- ajzMum;olESpfOD;u MuufESifh ywfoufonfh

jyóemrsm;udk azmfjycJhMuonf/ pmydk'f ]c} ESifh ]*}

twGuf ¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,faom oauFwrsm;onf ydkNyD;

us,fjyefYonfh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m ]C} ESifh ]i} wdkY

atmufwGif tusHK;0ifoifhayonf/


(u) Muuf? Muufom;teHY? wd&pämefrsm;udk owfjzwfjcif;

(c) a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm; ydwfqdkYjcif;? a&ajrmif;xJ&Sd

trIdufrsm;? raumif;aom a&Ekwfajrmif;pepf

(*) 0rf;ysuf0rf;avQma&m*g? zsm;emjcif;? npfnrf;aom

a&aMumifh zsm;emjcif;

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY cGJjcm;azmfxkwfcJhonfh

oauFwrsm;udk yxraumfvHwGif xnfhoGif;Edkifrnfh

jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m (C

ESifh i) wdkYudk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/ yxrqkH;

acgif;pOf taMumif;t&m ]wd&pämefrsm;} udk erlem

azmfjyxm;NyD;jzpfonfhtwGuf ]ydk;rTm;rsm;} ESifh Muuf?

Muufom; teHY? wd&pämefrsm;udk owfjzwfjcif; tp&Sdonfh

qufET,faeaom oauFwrsm;udk xnfhoGif;Edkifonfh

acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mudk &SmazGEdkifygonf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk

cGJjcm;azmfxkwfNyD;onfhtcgwGif ¤if;wdkY\ acgif;pOf

taMumif;t&mrsm;onf ao;i,faom oauFwrsm;

taejzifh tusHK;0ifaom acgif;pOfBuD;rsm; (txufwGif

azmfjycJhonfh jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrsm;wGif

tBuHjyKcJhonfh twdkif;) [kwf^r[kwf ppfaq;&ef

wdkufwGef;ay;yg/ Oyrm - ]rdk;&GmoGef;rIrsm;jym;jcif;}

ESifh ]a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm; ydwfqdkYjcif;} qdkonfh

oauFwrsm;onf acgif;pOfBuD;jzpfonfh

a&BuD;jcif;atmufwGif tusHK;0ifygonf/


(C) a&BuD;jcif;? a&rsufESmjyif jrifhwufjcif;?

a&BuD;a&vQHjcif;aMumifh a&m*grsm; ul;pufjcif;/

(i) usef;rma&;? usef;rma&;jyóemrsm;? rusef;rmaom

tajctaersm;/

3/ tzGJUrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;

(p ESifh q) ESifh ¤if;acgif;pOfrsm;wGif tusHK;0ifaom

oauFwrsm;twGuf twdkcsHK; tESpfcsKyfrsm; a&;om;&rnf

(wd&pämefrsm; acgif;pOf\ tESpfcsKyfudk Oyrmwpfck

taejzifhMunfhyg)/

4/ tzGJUrsm;u tjcm;tzGJUwpfzGJUESifh aygif;pnf;NyD;

¤if;wdkYa&G;cs,fxm;aom acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk

aqG;aEG;&rnf/ ¤if;wdkY\ tESpfcsKyfrsm;udk wpfzGJUESifh

wpfzGJU tjyeftvSef zvS,frQa0NyD; tBuHjyKcsufrsm;

ajymMum;ay;&rnf/


- 137 -

tydkaqmif;vkyfief; - a'wmrsm; aumuf,lNyD;

acgif;pOf taMumif;t&mrsm; zefwD;a&;om;yg/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u atmufygar;cGef;udk vl 5 OD;tm;

ar;jref;í tajzrsm;udk toHoGif;xm;yg/

]pmoifausmif;rsm;onf ausmif;om;rsm;\

oif,lavhvmrIudk ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif rnfodkY

yHhydk;ay;Edkifyg oenf;/}

2/ ar;cGef;twGuf tajzrsm;udk oauFwrsm;ESifh

acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm; azmfxkwfa&;om;&rnf/

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;\

tESpfcsKyfrsm;ESifh acgif;pOfwpfckcsif;pDESifh

ywfoufonfh t"dutcsufrsm;udk a&;om;&rnf/

ausmif;om;rsm;u oauFwrsm;ESifh acgif;pOf

taMumif;t&m wdkYESifh ywfoufNyD; pwifEdkifatmif

ulnDay;&ef twGuf jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom oauFwwpfckrSm

]&if;jrpfrsm;} jzpfNyD; jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom acgif;pOf

taMumif;t&m wpfckrSm ]pmoifcef;jyifyvkyfief;rsm;} [k

ausmif;om;rsm;udk tBuHjyKay;yg/

tBuHjyKay;aom oauFwESifh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m

tjyif ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

a'wmrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfonfhtcgwGif tjcm;

oauFwrsm;ESifh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udkvnf;

qkH;jzwfa&G;cs,f&ef vdktyfygonf/

vufawGUvkyfief;\ vlawGUar;jref;jcif;

tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk pmoifcef;twGif; (ausmif;om;rsm;

tjyeftvSef ar;jref;jcif;) odkYr[kwf pmoifcef;jyify

(rdwfaqGrsm;? rdom;pk odkYr[kwf &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;udk

ar;jref;jcif;) ü vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf/


- 138 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - acgif;pOf

taMumif;t&mrsm;




]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 14 ck

ajrmufjzpfonf/









odkYr[kwf tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk

ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vmEdkifygonf/

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOftaMumif;t&m cGJjcrf;

pdppfcsufonf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;twGuf

oifhawmfrI &Sd^r&Sd aqG;aEG;&rnf/

2/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;wGif

wifjyEdkifonfh acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk


3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;pOf

taMumif;t&m cGJjcrf;pdppfcsufonf ¤if;wdkY\ okawoe

pDrHudef;ESifh rnfodkY qufET,frI&SdaMumif; aqG;aEG;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf




- acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mwpfckESifh oauFwwpfck

wdkYudk cGJjcm;od&Sd&ef cufcJEdkifygonf/

- vlrsm;ajymonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ESifh qufET,frI&Sdaom

acgif;pOftaMumif;t&mrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwfjcif;/

- pmydk'fwpfydk'fudk rnfonfhoauFwjzifh

csdwfqufrnfudk qkH;jzwfjcif;/


- 139 -

tcef; 10 -

okawoe awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk

qufoG,frQa0jcif;


- 140 -

10.1 okawoe yHkMurf;

azmfjycsufrsm;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




tokH;jyKcJhonfh enf;vrf;rsm;? okawoecsOf;uyfrI?

usifh0wfrsm;ESifh t"du&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;qdkif&m

tao;pdwfazmfjycsufrsm;/


- 141 -


- 142 -

avhusifhcef;



tajzrsm;

1/ (c)

2/ (u)

3/ (*)

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u 0gusrsm;udk okawoetpD&ifcHpm

yHkMurf;azmfjycsufrsm;\ tpdwftydkif;rsm;xJwGif

(tBudKrdwfquf? aemufcHtaMumif;t&m? enf;vrf;rsm;?

&v'frsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;csuf) oifhawmfaom

tpOfvdkufowfrSwfyg/

rSwfcsuf - atmufwGifjyxm;onfh tpOfESifh

rwljcm;em;onfh ykHpHjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u 0gusrsm;udk

owfrSwfEdkifonf/ ta&;BuD;onfhtcsufrSm 0gusrsm;udk

okawoe tMurf;zsif;azmfjycsuf\ oifhawmf&m

tpdwftydkif;xJwGif xnfhoGif;Edkif&efjzpfonf/ Oyrm -

tBudKrdwfquf? aemufcHtaMumif;t&m? enf;vrf;rsm;?

&v'frsm;? aqG;aEG;csuf/

tajzrsm;

tBudKrdwfquf

1/ ps

2/ #

aemufcHtaMumif;t&m

3/ Z

4/ X

5/ i

enf;vrf;rsm;

6/ C

7/ u

8/ q

&v'frsm;

9/ n

10/ c

11/ ¡

aqG;aEG;csuf

12/ p

13/ !

14/ *


- 143 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - yHkMurf;azmfjycsuf




]oifwdkY\ okawoe pDrHudef;} vkyfief; 16 ckxJrS 15 ck

ajrmufjzpfonf/


tm;vkH; twGuf acgif;pOfwpfckwnf;udkom





vufawGUusrIr&Sdawmhjcif;? pdwf0ifpm;rIr&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf

tokH;0ifrIr&Sdjcif;wdkYudk awGUjrifvmEdkifonf odkYr[kwf

tjcm;acgif;pOf odkYr[kwf ar;cGef;udk ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;vm

Edkifygonf/

þtqifhwGif ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoe pDrHudef;

wpfckvkH;udk aqmif&GufNyD;pD;rI &SdcsifrS&Sdrnfjzpfonf/

okawoeyHkMurf;azmfjycsufxJwGif xnfhoGif;Edkifrnfh

,cif vkyfaqmifcJhaom ]oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef;}

vkyfief;rsm;rS &SdNyD;om; tcsuftvufrsm;udk pOf;pm;

Munfh&ef wdkufwGef;ajymMum;ay;yg/ Oyrm - acgif;pOf^

taMumif;t&m (odkY) jyóemESifh okawoear;cGef;(rsm;)

(tBudKrdwfquf)? ¤if;wdkY\ acgif;pOftwGuf

zwf½Iavhvm xm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm; (aemufcH

taMumif;t&m)? tokH;jyKoGm;rnfh enf;vrf;rsm;

(enf;vrf;rsm;)? udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;

odkYr[kwf a'wmrsm;xJrS ykHpHwlerlemrsm; ponfh

&SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm; (&v'frsm;)? odkYr[kwf okawoe

aumuf,lcJhNyD;ygu ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufrsm;

(aqG;aEG;csuf)/ okawoe rNyD;qkH;ao;ygu?

okawoe\ usef&Sdonfhtydkif;rsm; NyD;qkH;onfhtcsdeftxd

¤if;tydkif;rsm;udk qdkif;iHhxm;Edkifygonf/


okawoe yHkMurf;azmfjycsufrsm; a&;om;&rnf/

2/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpDjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;\ ¤if;wdkY\

yHkMurf;azmfjycsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf




- enf;vrf;rsm;tcef;wGif vQdKU0Sufxm;rIuJhodkYaom

usifh0wfrsm;/

- enf;vrf;rsm;tcef;wGif a'wmrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfonfhykHpH/

- &v'frsm;tcef;wGif Z,m;rsm;? um;csyfrsm;

odkYr[kwf *&yfrsm;/


- 144 -

10.2 okawoepmwrf;

a&;om;jcif;ESifh

jyefvnfpdppfjcif;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




- pmvkH;aygif;owfykHESifh o'´gtrSm;rsm;

- ta&;tom; zGJUpnf;rIykHpH

- &Sif;vif;rIr&Sdonfh t"duxifjrif,lqcsufrsm;

- xifjrif,lqcsufrsm; tvGefrsm;jym;jcif;

- xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;tMum; qufET,frI rjyEdkifjcif;

vkyfief;pOf - ppfaq;&ef pm&if;wpfck a&;qGJyg

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfaq;&efpm&if;udk zwf½I&rnf/

1/ wpfOD;csif;pDtvdkuf ausmif;om;rsm;u ppfaq;&ef

pm&if;wGif xyfrHa&;xnfhEdkifonfh tcsufESpfcsufudk

pOf;pm;Munfh&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ tpD&ifcHpmwrf;rsm;

wifjy&ef BudKwifjyifqifonfhtcgwGif rMumcP

arhavsmhwwfonfh tcsufrsm;udk cGJjcm;azmfxkwf&rnf/

2/ tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ppfaq;&efpm&if;wGif xyfrHaygif;xnfh

vdkufonfh ¤if;wdkY\ tcsufESpfcsufudk EIdif;,SOfMunfh

&rnf/

3/ xdkYaemuf tokH;0ifqHk; xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;tm;vkH;

twGuf ppfaq;&efpm&if;wpfckudk wpfzGJUvkH;taejzifh

a&;om;&rnf/


- pmrsufESm yg0if&rnf/

- aeYpGJyg0if&rnf/

- okawoetzGJU\ trnfrsm;udk a&;om;azmfjy&rnf/

- tpD&ifcHpmwrf;xJwGif udk;um;xm;onfh

aqmif;yg;rsm;? pmtkyfrsm;? 0ufbfqdk'frsm;

tp&Sdojzifh &if;jrpfrsm; pm&if;wpfck

(usrf;udk;pm&if;) yg0if&rnf/

- tokH;jyKonfh pmvkH; (azmifh) trsdK;tpm;ESifh

t&G,ftpm;wdkYonf wpforwfwnf;jzpf&rnf/

• qE´&Sdygu ppfaq;&ef pm&if;wpfckudk twef;vdkuf

a&;om;NyD; eH&Hay:wGif uyfxm;yg/

• ta&;BuD;onf[k xifygu wpfwef;vkH;taejzifh

ppfaq;&ef pm&if;xJ&Sd tcsufrsm;udk usdK;aMumif;

qDavsmfonfh tpOftwdkif; eHygwfpOftvdkuf a&;om;yg/


- 145 -

aqG;aEG;csuf

• wpfwef;vHk; odkYr[kwf tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh



1/ - oif\ ta&;tom;udk ppfaq;olwpfOD;&Sdygap/

- cPz,fxm;NyD; aemuf&ufvef;qef;aomtcg

wpfcgjyefMunfhyg/

- uGefysLwmrS pmvHk;aygif;o'´g ppfaq;onfhenf;udk

oHk;yg/

- tpD&ifcHpmudk rnfodkY zGJUpnf;onfESifh

rnfonfht&mrsm; yg0ifoifhonfudk jrifawGU&ef

tjcm;aom tpD&ifcHpmerlemrsm;udk Munfh½Iyg/


- 146 -

avhusifhcef;

• ausmif;om;rsm;u udef;*Pef;rsm;^udk;um;csufrsm;

(1-6) udk ed*kH;csKyfaumufcsufrsm; (u-C) wdkYjzifh

wGJpyf&rnf/


1/ u? c

2/ c? C

3/ c? C

4/ u? *

5/ c? C

6/ u? *

aqG;aEG;csuf




1/ ajzMum;olrsm;\ yk*¾dKvfa&;qdkif&m tawGUtBuHKrsm;?

xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;ESifh tawG;tjrifrsm;qdkif&m

okawoeudk wifqufjyoaeygu udk;um;csufrsm;onf

udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;xuf ydkNyD;qGJaqmifrI&SdEdkifygonf/

2/ rl0g'a&;qGJ&mwGif vrf;nTefay;Edkif&ef wdusaom

eHygwfrsm; vdktyfonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? pDrHcefYcGJrI

(odkY) tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm;xHodkY wifqufjyornfqdkygu

udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm;u udk;um;csufrsm;xuf ydkNyD;

qGJaqmifrI&SdEdkifygonf/


- 147 -

10.3 EIwfwdkufwifquf

jyojcif;rsm;

tBudKavhvmcsuf




1/ - &Sif;vif;pGm pum;ajymqdkjcif;

- wduspGm pum;ajymqdkjcif;

- jrifaxmufulypönf;rsm; tokH;jyKjcif;

- rdrdudk,fudk,f ,kHMunfrI&Sdjcif;

2/ - vlrsm;u &Snfvsm;onfh okawoe tpD&ifcHpmwrf;

wpfapmiftm; zwf½Ijcif;xuf okawoetaMumif;

twdkcsKyf EIwfwdkufwifqufjyojcif;tm;

em;axmifjcif;u ydkrdkvG,fulygonf/

- tcsdKUvlrsm;taejzifh oif\tpD&ifcHpmwrf;tm;

a&;om;onfh bmompum;udk rzwfEdkifaomfvnf;

EIwfwdkufwifqufjyojcif;udk em;vnfEdkifygonf

odkYr[kwf EIwfwdkufwifqufjyojcif;udk

bmomjyefNyD; em;axmifEdkifygonf/


- 148 -

vkyfief;pOf - okawoe wifqufjyorIrsm;udk

cGJjcrf;pdppfyg

rSwfcsuf - þwifqufjyorIrsm;\ ae&mtcif;tusif;

twGuf jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom aumufcsufrsm;? csOf;uyfrIrsm;?

y&dowfrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ todtjrif tqifhtwef;

pojzifh tcsufrsm;pGm &SdEdkifygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk

ae&mtcif;tusif; wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf ¤if;wdkY\

tajzrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh &Sif;jycsufrsm;udk wdkufwGef;

ajymjycdkif;yg/

• wpfOD;csif;pD (odkY) ESpfa,mufwpfwGJpD (odkY)

tzGJUi,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u EIwfwdkuf

wifqufjyojcif;rsm;\ "mwfykHrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;

ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&rnf/


1/ (u) ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJcef;r odkYr[kwf [dkw,fwpfckwGif/

(c) okawoeacgif;pOfESifh ywfoufonfh e,fy,fwGif

vkyfudkifaeMuolrsm;/

(*) tawmfrsm;rsm; od&Sdxm;Muonf/

(C) ,kHMunfrI&SdpGm ajymMum;jcif;? oif\

ynm&Sifqefonfh uRrf;usifrIudk xkwfjyjcif;/

(i) udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufqdkif&m

taxmuftxm;rsm; azmfjyjcif;jzifh rl0g'rsm;

jyifqifcsrSwf&mwGif okawoeudk tokH;jyKEdkifyg

vdrfhrnf/

2/ (u) tdrfjyifbuf? &yf&GmwpfcktwGif;/

(c) &yf&Gmvlxk? okawoewGif yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;/

(*) ¤if;wdkYonf okawoe ynm&Sifrsm; r[kwfEdkifyg/

(C) &Sif;vif;rI&SdNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ udk,fwdkif

tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh qufET,frI&Sdonfh

taMumif;t&mrsm;udk ajymMum;jcif;/

(i) Oyrmrsm; - jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;ESifh

udk;um;csufrsm;/

3/ (u) vTwfawmf/

(c) tpdk;&0efBuD;rsm;? vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh

t&m&Sdrsm;/

(*) okawoeESifh ywfoufNyD; tcsdKUu

tenf;i,favmuf odxm;EdkifNyD; tenf;i,f

vlwpfpkomvQif okawoe uRrf;usifolrsm;

jzpfEdkifygonf/

(C) &Sif;vif;rI&Sdaom taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifh

ynm&Sifqefqef qGJaqmifrI&Sdonfh enf;vrf;jzifh

ajymqdk&rnf/

(i) udef;*Pef;rsm;ESifh jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;/


- 149 -

oifwdkY\ okawoepDrHudef; - wifqufjyojcif;





aemufqkH; wpfckjzpfonf/











1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYonf okawoeudk

wifqufjyo oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; odkYr[kwf

wifqufoGm;rnf r[kwfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnfjzpfNyD;

wifqufcJhrnfqdkvQif rnfonfhae&m? rnfolrsm;

twGufESifh rnfodkY wifqufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;

qkH;jzwf&ygrnf/


wifqufrIrsm;udk aqG;aEG;&rnf/

aqG;aEG;csuf




1/ - okawoeudk 'DZdkif;a&;qGJonfhtcgwGif

&yf&GmvlxkESifhtwl aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh/

- &yf&Gmvlxkudk yg0ifajzMum;olrsm;tjzpf

yg0ifapjcif;jzifh (odkYr[kwf okawoDrsm;?

vufaxmufrsm;tjzpf)/

- okawoetaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGm

qufoG,f zvS,fjcif;jzifh &yf&Gmvlxku

em;vnfoabmaygufNyD; okawoeESifh

okawoDrsm;jzifh csdwfqufrI&SdapEdkifygonf/

- okawoeonf okawoe aemufcHtaMumif;t&m

r&Sdonfh vlrsm;ESifh qufET,frI&SdvQif odkYr[kwf

¤if;wdkYtwGuf &nf&G,fxm;vQif? okawoe

pmwrf;udk ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh &&Sdzwf½IEdkifatmif

BudK;pm;ay;&ef vdktyfonf/


- 150 -

aemufqkH;okawoe pDrHudef;

rSwfcsuf - þu@onf ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh

okawoe vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk rnfrQ

em;vnfoabmaygufaMumif; ppfaq;&ef ausmif;om;rsm;

tokH;jyKEdkifonfh aemufqkH;pDrHudef;wpfckjzpfonf

odkYr[kwf q&mrsm;u orm;½dk;us (odkY) ykHrSefr[kwfonfh

ykHpHjzifh qef;ppfavhvmcsuf aumuf,l&ef &nf&G,fcsuf

twGuf odkYr[kwf oifcef;pm jyefaET;&eftwGuf tokH;jyK

Edkifonfh aemufqkH;pDrHudef;wpfck jzpfygonf/

þpmtkyfxJwGif yHkMurf;azmfjyxm;onfh okawoe

vkyfief;pOfudk aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;u

wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh vkyfaqmifoGm;&ygvdrfhrnf/

tcsdKUausmif;om;rsm; ¤if;wdkYaqmif&GufcJhaom ]uREkfyfwdkY\

okawoepDrHudef;} vkyfief;rsm;xJrS tcsuftvuf

ukefMurf;rsm;udk tokH;jyKcsifpdwf&SdEdkifygonf/ ¤if;wdkYu

xdkodkYvkyfaqmifcsifygu okawoe vkyfief;pOf\

tqifhwpfckcsif;pDudk wpfae&mxJwGif *½kwpdkuf

rSwfwrf;wifxm;oifhygonf/ - ypönf;zdkifwGJ

odkYr[kwf tDvufxa&mepfzdkifwGJwpfckckudk tokH;jyK&ef

tBuHjyKygonf/

tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;u okawoeacgif;pOf topf

wpfckudk a&G;cs,fcsifpdwf &SdEdkifygonf/ ¤if;wdkYonfvnf;

okawoevkyfief;pOf\ tqifhwpfqifhpDESifh

tqifhi,frsm; tm;vkH;udk zdkifwGJwpfckxJwGif rSwfwrf;wif

odrf;qnf;xm;oifhygonf/

þpDrHudef;udk wpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf tzGJUvdkufpDrHudef;

tjzpf aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/

tqifh 1 - okawoear;cGef;rsm; pOf;pm;a&;om;yg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (u-p) udk vdkufem&rnf/

• tqifhrsm;udk vdkufemxm;aMumif; jrifawGUEdkif&eftwGuf

wpfqifhcsif;pDudk rSwfwrf;wifxm;cdkif;yg/

aqG;aEG;csufrsm; odkYr[kwf qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;rS

rSwfpkwdkrsm;onf vkHavmufonfh taxmuftxm;

jzpfygonf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifh 1 udk NyD;oGm;onfhtcgwGif

¤if;wdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;

tBuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;yg/

tqifh 2 - wdusaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk

&SmazGyg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (u-C) udk

vdkufem&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tao;pdwf tpDtpOfwpfck

zefwD;oifhNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ zdkifwGJxJwGif rSwfpkwdkrsm;jzifh

,SOfwGJodrf;qnf;xm;&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u a'wmaumuf,ljcif; tpDtpOfonf

vufawGUusrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&ef a'wmrsm;

raumuf,lrD xdktpDtpOfudk ¤if;wdkYESifhtwl

aqG;aEG;ay;yg/

• ¤if;wdkY\ a'wmrsm;udk aumuf,lNyD;onfhtcgwGif

¤if;a'wmrsm;udk vkHNcHKpGm odrf;qnf;xm;Edkifatmif

ulnDay;yg/




tqifh 3 - owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdppfNyD;

ed*kH;csKyf aumufcsufqGJyg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (u-*) udk vdkufem&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u cGJjcrf;pdppfcsufrS rSwfpkrsm;?

Z,m;rsm;? udef;*Pef;a'wmrsm; tp&Sdonfh

t&mtm;vkH;udk zdkifwGJxJwGif xnfh&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ okawoeudk yHhydk;&ef

twGuf tcsdKUaom um;csyfrsm;? Z,m;rsm; (odkY)

udk;um;csufrsm;udk a&;qGJxkwfazmfoifhygonf/




tqifh 4 - &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk zvS,frQa0yg/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u tqifhrsm; (u-*) udk vdkufem&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm; (odkYr[kwf oif) u ¤if;wdkY\

okawoeudk wifjy&ef tpD&ifcHpmwrf;? EIwfwdkuf

wifqufjyojcif; odkYr[kwf ESpfckpvkH;wdkYxJrS rnfonfh

wpfckonf ydkrdkoifhawmfaMumif; qkH;jzwf&rnf/

• ausmif;om;rsm;u 5 rdepfMum wifqufjyojcif;wpfck

odkYr[kwf pmvkH;a& 200 + tpD&ifcHpmwpfapmifudk

jyifqif&rnf/


- 151 -

• atmufwGifay;xm;aom trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;

vrf;nTefZ,m;wGif trSwf 20 vkyfief;wpfckudk

trSwfay;onfh enf;vrf;wpfckudk tMurf;zsif;

azmfjyxm; ygonf (odkYr[kwf EIwfwdkufwifquf

jyojcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHpma&;om;jcif; ESpfrsdK;pvkH;udk

vkyfaqmifygu pkpkaygif; 25 rSwf)/

arQmfrSef;xm;onfh

tcsufrsm;xuf

avQmhenf;onf 0-1 &rSwf

arQmfrSef;xm;onfh

tcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDonf

2-3 &rSwf

arQmfrSef;xm;onfh

tcsufrsm;xuf

ausmfvGefonf 4-5 &rSwf

aemufcHtaMumif;t&m

zdkifwGJrsm;

zdkifwGJrsm; rjynfhpkHjcif;?

tcsdKUtqifhrsm;

ausmfoGm;jcif; (odkY)

rSwfwrf;rwifjcif;

zdkifwGJrsm; jynfhpkHjcif;?

tqifhtrsm;pkudk

rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;

zdkifwGJrsm; jynfhpHkjcif;?

tqifhrsm; tm;vkH;udk

vdkufemaMumif; azmfjyxm;jcif;

vkyfief;pOf okawoe vkyfief;pOfudk

rvdkufemjcif;

okawoe vkyfief;pOf

trsm;pkudk vdkufemxm;onf/

okawoe vkyfief;pOfxJrS

tqifhrsm;tm;vkH;udk

vdkufemxm;onf/

a'wm a'wmrsm;onf ,kHMunfEdkifpGrf;

r&Sdjcif;? tusHK;r0ifjcif;?

twnfrjyKEdkifjcif; (odkY)

udk;pm;EdkifpGrf; r&Sdjcif;

a'wmtrsm;pkonf

,kHMunfEdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;?

tusHK;0ifjcif;? twnfjyK

Edkifjcif;? (odkY) udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;

&Sdjcif;

a'wmrsm;onf vkH;0udk

,kHMunfEdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;?

tusHK;0ifjcif;?

twnfjyKEdkifjcif;? (odkY)

udk;pm;EdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;

tpD&ifcHpm (tpD&ifcH

pmwrf; wpfckwnf;

twGufomvQif)

½IyfaxG;NyD; &Sif;vif;rIr&Sdjcif;?

wdkvGef;jcif;? Z,m;rsm;?

um;csyfrsm; odkYr[kwf

udk;um;csufrsm; rygjcif;

trsm;pkonf &Sif;vif;NyD;

aumif;pGm a&;om;azmfjy

xm;onf/ yHhydk;rIay;aom

taxmuftxm;rsm;vnf;

yg0ifonf/

&Sif;vif;onf?

pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfNyD;

taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifhtwl

a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/

wifqufjyojcif;

(EIwfwdkufwifquf

jyojcif; wpfckwnf;

twGufomvQif)

½IyfaxG;NyD; &Sif;vif;rIr&Sdjcif;?

wdkvGef;jcif;? jrifaxmufulrsm;

ryg0ifjcif;

trsm;pkonf &Sif;vif;rI&SdNyD;

jrifaxmuful ypönf;tcsdKUjzifh

aumif;pGma&;om;

azmfjyxm;onf/

&Sif;vif;onf?

pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfNyD;

jrifaxmuful ypönf;rsm;pGmESifh

twl aumif;pGma&;om;

azmfjyxm;onf/

tBuHjyKxm;aom trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;

tem*wfykH&dyftem*wfykH&dyf jrefrmEdkifiHrS vltm;vkH; t&nftaoG;jynfhaom? tm;vkH;yg0ifEkdifaom ynma&;

&&Sd&rnf/

t"du vkyfief;pOft"du vkyfief;pOf t&G,fa&mufNyD;ol ynma&;u@twGuf &yf&Gma'otcif;tusif;ESifh qDavsmfaom

ynma&; qkdif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; ay;jcif;tm;jzifh w&m;rQwaom

vlrItokdif;t0ef;wpfck azmfaqmif&ef/

i n f o@mo t e o o . o r g

okawoe enf;vrf;rsm; pmtkyfonf t&G,fa&mufNyD;om; oif,lavhvmolrsm;twGuf oif½kd;wpfckjzpfygonf/

¤if;pmtkyfwGif vlrIokawoe pDrHudef;wpfckudk vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf vdktyfaom A[kokwrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;ukd

rdwfqufay;xm;ygonf/ ¤if;pmtkyfonf tajccHokawoe uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh oabmw&m;rsm;udk pwifavhvm

vdkonfh txufwef;vGefESifh wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;twGuf txl;oifhavsmfygonf/ okawoe enf;vrf;rsm;

pmtkyfxJ&Sd tcef;wpfcef;pDwkdif;wGif em;vnf&vG,fulaom &Sif;jycsufrsm;? em;vnfrIudk ppfaq;&ef avhusifhcef;rsm;ESifh

wwfuRrf;rIrsm;udk vufawGUusaom vkyfief;rsm;wGif toHk;jyKEkdifrnfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk yHhydk;azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/

pmtkyf\zGJUpnf;yHkudk okawoe vkyfief;pOftwkdif; vkdufema&;om;xm;NyD; pOD;tcef;rsm;wGif atmufygtcsufrsm;

tygt0if t"duokawoe oabmw&m;rsm;ESifh a'wmaumuf,ljcif; enf;vrf;rsm;udk rdwfqufay;xm;ygonf/

. okawoevkyfief;pOf . okawoe ar;cGef;rsm;. rl&if;okawoeESifh wpfqifhcHokawoe . ppfwrf;aumuf,ljcif;ESifh vlawGUar;jref;rIrsm;. ta&twGufpHjyKESifh t&nftaoG;pHjyKokawoe . OD;wnftkyfpkrsm;ESifh apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;rsm;

aemufykdif;tcef;rsm;wGif atmufygtcsufrsm; tygt0if cGJjcrf;pdppfcsufESifh okawoe awGU&Sdcsufrsm;tm;

qufoG,fzvS,frQa0jcif;wdkYudk rdwfqufay;xm;ygonf/

. ta&twGufpHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfcsuf . okawoetpD&ifcH pmwrf;wpfapmif a&;om;jcif;. t&nftaoG;pHjyK cGJjcrf;pdppfcsuf . wifqufjyojcif;rsm;

pmtkyfxJwGif ausmif;om;rsm;\ okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh udk,fwkdifvkyfaqmifonfh okawoe pDrHudef;rsm;udk

vrf;nTefay;&ef twGuf oifMum;ydkYcsolrsm;u toHk;jyKEkdifonfh tqifhvdkufnTefMum;csufrsm; yg0ifonf/ okawoe

enf;vrf;rsm; q&mvufpGJpmtkyfwGif ausmif;om;vufpGJ pmtkyfxJ&Sd avhusifhcef;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tajzrsm;udk

azmfjyxm;½Hkomru q&mrsm;twGuf oifMum;ay;aeonfh uRrf;usifrIrsm;qkdif&m aemufcHtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh

pmoifcef; twGif; oifcef;pmrsm;udk oifMum;jcif;qkdif&m tBuHjyKcsufrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdkYtwl

q&mvufpGJ pmtkyfxJwGif a&G;cs,fEkdifonfh tydkaqmif; vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;ay;xm;ygonf/

morgan macdonald - mote oo

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