Greek Symbols

Α α alpha /'ælfə/

Β β beta /'bi:tə/

Γ γ gamma /'gæmə/

Δ δ delta /'deltə/

Ε ε epsilon /'epsilən/

Ζ δ zeta /'ziːtə/

Η ε eta /'iːtə/

Θ ζ theta /'ζiːtə/

Ι η iota /aɪ'əʊtə/

Κ θ kappa /'kæpə/

Λ ι lamda /'læmdə/

Μ κ mu /'mjuː/

Ν λ nu /'njuː/

Ξ μ xi /'ksaɪ/

Ο ν omicron /'əʊmɪkrən/

Π π pi /'paɪ/

Ρ ξ rho /'rəʊ/

ζ sigma /'sɪgmə/

Σ η tau /'tɑʊ/

Τ υ upsilon /'jʊpsɪlən/

Υ θ phi /'faɪ/

Φ χ chi /'kaɪ/

Χ ψ psi /'psaɪ/

Ω ω omega /'əʊmɪgə/

Operations Signs

‘ ’ single quotation marks 单引号

‚ ‛ double quotation marks 双引号

( ) parentheses 圆括号

[ ] square brackets 方括号

{} brace (angle bracket) 大括号

... ellipsis 省略号

＋ plus 加号；正号

－ minus 减号；负号

± plus or minus 正负号

× is multiplied by 乘号

÷ is divided by 除号

＝ is equal to 等于号

≠ is not equal to 不等于号

≡ is equivalent to 全等于号

≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号

＜ is less than 小于号

＞ is more than 大于号

≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号

≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号

％ per cent 百分之…

‰ per mill 千分之…

≦ infinity 无限大号

∝ varies as 与…成比例

√ square root, radical symbol 平方根

≧ since; because 因为

≨ hence 所以

∷ equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例

∠ angle 角

⌒ semicircle 半圆

⊙ circle 圆

○ circumference 圆周

π pi 圆周率

△ triangle 三角形

⊥ perpendicular to 垂直于

∪ union of 并，合集

∩ intersection of 交，通集

∫ the integral of …的积分

∑ (sigma) summation of 总和

° degree 度

′ minute 分

〃 second 秒

＃ number …号

℃ Celsius system 摄氏度

＠ at 单价

x' x prime 微分

x" x double-prime 二阶微分

Notation Signs

{ braceleft, open brace, open curly 左花括号

} braceright, close brace, close curly 右花括号

{} brace 花括号

( parenleft, open parenthesis, open paren 左圆括号

) parenright, close parenthesis, close paren 右圆括号

() brakets/ parentheses 圆括号

[ bracketleft, open bracket 左方括号

] bracketright, close bracket 右方括号

[] square brackets 方括号

| bar, vertical bar, vertical virgule 竖线

/ slash, divide, oblique, virgule 斜杠，除号

\ backslash, sometimes escape 反斜杠

// slash-slash, comment 双斜杠

‖ parallel 双线号

& amp; ampersand, and, reference, ref 和

# pound, numbersign 井号

§ section; division 分节号

$ dollar 美元符号

* asterisk, multiply, star, pointer 星号，乘号

. full stop, dot 句号，点

, comma 逗号

: colon 冒号

; semicolon 分号

' apostrophe, prime 撇号

? question mark 问号

! exclam, exclamation 感叹号

- hyphen 连字号

-- dash 破折号

... dots/ ellipsis 省略号

" quote, back quote, single quotation 单引号

"" double quote 双引号

→ arrow 箭头

￣ hyphen 连字符

— dash 破折号

_ underscore 下划

~ tilde 波浪符

～ swung dash 代字号

¨ tandem colon 双点号

" ditto 同上

@ at 在

^ caret, wedge 号

= equal 等号

+ plus 加号

- minus 负号

space 空格号

Math Expressions

x + 1 x plus one

x -1 x minus one

x ± 1 x plus or minus one

xy x y; x times y; x multiplied by y

(x — y)(x

+ y) x minus y, x plus y

x/y x over y; x divided by y;

x ÷ y x divided by y

x = 5 x equals 5; x is equal to 5

x ≈ y x is approximately equal to y

x ≡ y x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y

x ≠ y x is not equal to y

x > y x is greater than y

x < y x is less than y

x ≥ y x is greater than or equal to y

x ≤ y x is less than or equal to y

0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less

than 1

0 ≤ x ≤ 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater

than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1

x² x squared

x³ x cubed

x4 x to the fourth; x to the power four

xn x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power n

x-n x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n

√ root x; square root x; the square root of x

∛ the cube root of x

∜ the fourth root of x

the nth root of x

(x + y)² x plus y all squared

(x/y)² x over y all squared

n! n factorial; factorial n

x% x percent

∞ infinity

x ∝ y x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y

x ∝ 1/y x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y

ẋ x dot

ẍ x double dot

f(x) fx f of x; the function of x

f'(x) f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x

f''x f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x

f'''(x) f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to

x

f(4) f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x

∂v the partial derivative of v

∂v

∂θ delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ

∂²v

∂θ²

delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v

with respect to θ

dv the derivative of v

dv

dθ d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta

d²v

dθ²

d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to

theta,

∫ integral

integral from zero to infinity

∑ sum

the sum from i equals 1 to n

w.r.t. with respect to

logey log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y

∴ therefore

∵ because

→ gives, approaches

Δx → 0 delta x approaches zero

lim Δx→0

the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to

zero

Lt Δx→0

the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to

zero

m/sec metres per second

x ∈ A x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A

x∉ A x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element

of A

A⊂ B A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B

A ⊆ B A is contained in B; A is a subset of B

A ⋂ B A intersection B

A ⋃ B A union B

cos x cos x; cosine x

sin x sine x

tan x tangent x, tan x

cosec x cosec x

sinh x shine x

cosh x cosh x

tanh x than x

|x| mod x; modulus x

18 ℃ eighteen degrees Centigrade

70 ℉ seventy degrees Fahrenheit

Verbal Expression of Functions and Operations

logax log to the base a of x 对数

the base a logarithm of x

xn the nth power of x; x to the nth power 幂函数

x raised to the power n

f(x) the function of x 函数

A∪B the union of A and B 合集

A∩B the intersection of A and B 交集

a square root of x 平方根

a nth root of x n次方根

ax2+b+c quadratic polynomial

x + y the sum of x and y; y is added to x

x – y the difference between x and y;

y is subtracted from x

xy the product of x and y; x times y

x/y the quotient of x and y; x is divided by y;

the ratio of x to y

x > y x is greater than y; x is more than y

x < y x is smaller than y; x is less than y

x ≥ y x is at least y; x is not less than y

x ≤ y x is at most y; x is not greater than y

Terminology

Set 数集

Subset 子集

Union 合集

Intersection 交集

Real number 实数

Nature number, Counting number 自然数

Whole number 非负整数

Integer 整数

Rational number 有理数

Irrational number 无理数

Fraction, ratio 分数

Denominator 分母

Numerator 分子

Decimal 小数、十进制

Interval 区间

Endpoints 端点

Absolute value 绝对值

Opposite, negative, additive inverse 相反数

Like signs 同正负号

Unlike signs 不同正负号

Reciprocal, multiplicative inverse 倒数

Arithmetic expression 算术表达式

Evaluation 计算

Grouping symbol 运算顺序符号

Innermost group

Algebraic expression 代数表达式（含变量）

Subscript 下标

Commutative property 交换律

Associative property 组合律

Distributive property 分配率

Identity property 同一律

Term 项

Coefficient 系数

Like term 同类项

Combining like terms 合并同类项

Equation 方程，等式

Satisfy 满足

Solution, root 方程的根

Formula, literal equation 多元方程

Variable 变量

Inequality 不等式

Trichotomy 三分法

Compound 复合

Close-up 特写

Dependent variable 因变量

Independent variable 自变量

Function 函数

Domain 域（自变量）

Range 范围（因变量）

Substitution 代入

Elimination 消元

Matrix 矩阵

Augmented matrix 增广矩阵

Determinant 行列式值

Constraint 约束条件

Minor

Scientific notation 科学记数

Polynomial 多项式

Monomial 一元多项式

Binomial 二元多项式

Trinomial 三元多项式

Degree 维

Quadratic polynomial 二次多项式

Prime polynomial 素多项式

Perfect square trinomial 完全平方

Greatest common factor 最大公约数

Factor out 提出公约数

Rational expression 有理式

Rational function 有理函数

Least common denominator 最小公分母

Least common multiple 最小公倍数

Complex fraction 繁分数

Extraneous root 增根

Proportion 比例

Square 平方

Cube 立方

Like redicals 同类根式

Conjugate 共轭

Rationalization 有理化

Complex 复数

Real part 实部

Imaginary part 虚部

Miscellaneous 杂类

Composition 合成

Inverse 反函数

Direct variation 正比

Variation constant 比例系数

Inverse variation 反比

Joint variation

Multiplicity 重（复）数

Sequence 序数

Series 级数

Arithmetic sequence 等差数列

Common difference 公差

Arithmetic series 等差级数

Goemetric sequence 几何数列

Common ratio 公比

Goemetric series 几何级数

Permutation 排列

Factorial 阶乘

Combination 组合

Odd 奇

Even 偶

Illustrate, graph 作图，曲线图

Coordinate 坐标

Unit 单位

Origin 原点

Point 点

Number line 数轴

Cartesian coordinate system 笛卡儿坐标系

Axis 坐标轴

Quadrant 象限

Plotting, graphing 画出（点）

Intercept 交点

Slope, rise, run 斜率，因增量，自增量

Parallel 平行

Perpendicular 垂直

Parabola 抛物线

Open upward 向上展开

Open downward 向下展开

Vertex 顶点

Focus 焦点

Directrix 准线

Reflecting 倒映

Translating 平移

Stretching 拉伸

Shrinking 收缩

Sketch 描图

Asymptote 渐近线

Oblique asymptote 斜渐近线

Circle 圆周

Radius 半径

Diameter 直径

Circumference 周长

Circular 圆

Ellipse 椭圆

Hyperbola 双曲线

Axis of symmetry 对称轴

Triangle 三角形

Right triangle 直角三角形

Trapezoid 梯形

Parallelogram 平行四边形

Rhombus 菱形

Rectangular 长方形

Right circular cone 正圆锥体

Rectangular solid 长方体

Square 正方形

Sphere 球形

Right circular cylinder 直圆柱体

Angle 角

Isosceles triangle 等腰三角形

Similar triangle 相似三角形

Acute angle 锐角

Obtuse angle 钝角

Supplementary 互补

Equilateral triangle 等边三角形

Addition 加法

Sum 和

Summand, augend 被加数

Addend 加数

Subtraction 减法

Difference 差

Minuend 被减数

Subtrahend 减数

Multiplication 乘法

Product 积

Factor 因数

Division 除法

Quotient 商

Dividend 被除数

Divisor 除数

Remainder 余数

Exponential 指数

Base 底数

Exponent 指数、幂

Common base

Nature base

Radical 根式

Radication 开方

nth root n 次方根

Index of the radix 次

Radicand 被开方数

Logarithm 对数

Common logarithm

Nature logarithm

Quadratic 二次方程式

Rounded to N decimal places 精确到小数点后第 N 位数

A solution (root) to the equation 方程的解（根）

Build up the denominator 同一化分母

f(x) is a reflection in the x-axis of the graph of g(x).

f(x) is a translation to the right of the graph of g(x).

y varies directly as the square root of x.

y varies jointly as x and the square of z.

Symmetry about the y-axis

Symmetry about the origin