kv'[hu[r cuan nuoi bo hu0ng'i'hi'i
TRANSCRIPT
{.JY nAN NrrAN pAN'r'i Nr-r
-r't;vnx eTJANG
st) xONt; Nt;grnP vi\ PTNI
HOr\ xn uQt cHUDOc lAp - Tu do -
NGHIA VIIIT NAMHanh ph(rc
CONG
.:
56: 2212 /HI)-SNN 'l'rrytrt Quang, ngdy l9 tltdrtg l2 ncim 2007
HU'ONG DANKv'[HU[r CUAN NUoI BO HU0NG'I'HI'I'
C[n cri'r,z\o giito trinh chirn nuOi trau bd vi gi6o trinh thri y hien danggihng day cua Truo'ng Dai hoc N6ng nghiOp I - H) NOi;
Caln cri'tz\i liOu Thinh phdn vi giir tri clinh dudng thri'c an gia sric - giacArn Vi0t Nant ctra Vi0n Chzrn nuoi Qudc gia do Nhd xuat bin Nong nghi0pphiirt hi)nh nam 2001;
Can cil'vi\o nhirtrg yeu to c6li6n quzin den chan nudi bb cua tinh Tuydn Quang;Do d6p f'ng y6u cdu phi{t tlidn chlrn nuoi bd cria tinh, So Nong nghiep
vi\ P-|NT ban hinh hu6'ng din k! thuAt chln nudi bd hudng thit nhu sau:
puAN r. DAc prdu cHUNG vA rY rHUAr cHoN crdNcr. DAC l)ruM Mo'r's<l <;rON{(; r}d NUor[Ar Vr0T NAM.
1. Iio dia phuong:
Dac didrn chung cua giong bd v)ng viOt Nam li tdm v6c nh6, khoifugrrg t"r'ung b)nh ctra bd ciii lrurrng thinh t60 - 180 kg; bb duc 250 - 280 kg,silrr lurrng sri'a thap (3 - 4 kg/coning)ry), chi du cho be bu. Thich nghi v6i khfhAu nhiOt c16i n6ng irn, chiu clu'ng duo-c mri'c clo nuoi du6'ng kham khd, khainlng chOng chiu cao v<li nhiOu loai benh vi kli sinh tring nhiet d6'i, min de,nuOi con kh6o. O rnot so clia phu'ong cri nhfr'ng giong bir sau:
a) Bd Thanh Floii c6 t{im v6c trung binh, toin thAn hinh chfr'nhAt d)i;cldu con cdi thanh, cldu con dqc thd; sDng ngin; trdn phd'ng hof,c hoi l6m; m6mngitn, m6m cua con ciii tuong doi dii; cd cua bd crii thanh, cd crja bd cluc to,cliiy, l6ng clen, cd c6 nhidu nep nhln nho. Yem k6o ddi ti'ddu clen rfc. Bb ducc6 u vai, bd c6i khong c6 u vai; lung h6ng thing, ho-i r6ng, bap thit nd nang,rnOng h<yi xuoi, l6p vi\ ngin.
b) Bd Nghe An thuoc loai tdrn trung; rndu Iong da sd vang sArn; clarnirng, long min; ddu con cdi thanh, gAn rnach mi{u ndi 16; ddu con cluc tho;trirn rong vi phing, c(r con hcli l6m, dinh tlirn d6 l6n, mat ldi, m6m rQng, tai tov) clua ngang; si'ng bd dr;'c brip mdng, ffi4p, chorn si'ng md"u den, chin silngrnz\u tro; sDtrg con c6i nho dii ve\ coltg vd phia tru6c.
c) Bd Mdo Hi Giang: Tfnh thuain, chiu kham khd; tdrn v6c tuo'ng doi to,th6; miu lOng cla so vhng nhat, sim holc cdnh girln; 1 sd it mlu del nh6n[hoac loang trirng, da m6ng, ldng min; ddu cua bb c6i thanh, ddu cua l-^,d clucthO lr<rrt, dinh trirn c6 u gd hoirc phang (91 7o); s6 it c6 trin l6m (9 otit). Tai t6clua ngang, lung hoi v6ng, mdng dii nhung hoi l6p, nguc s0u. chan cao (caoklrr-rm l(rn htvrr cao vAy). Nhin chung tlim voc to, cao nhurrg minh hoi I6p, ketcau clrua char che ; khii ntlng ciry k6o t6t.'V(
l,z.Bd nh4p ngoai dirng tte ciri tao din bii clia phrtong
a)BdltedSindhi , ,, ,
Ngudn gdc ti'tinh Sind (Pakistan) ld gi6ng-bt) kiom dung thit s[a' mlu
sic clac trung ld mdu do cfnh gi6n hoic c6 xen lin mang cl91 doc song lung'
r,^i uJ".d.6 rhd;; rn6r vz\i do"m tr6ng nh6; triin gd; tai to vzicup xrr6ng; u vai
ndi r.6; cd rdn .,d t;;;h6t tridn; ch6tituoi khorrg xuong; rn6ng ddr:; arn ho cti
nhidu nep nhan.
b) Bd Brahman
Duoc tao ra b My, c5 hai loai m.{u: m}Lr x,6m trar-rg (Rrahman tling) v]r
mhu clo (Brahrrran c16). Bb cluc thudng c6 mdu cl1m hon bb ciii' dic bi$t lir cr
uoi,.d, UOn 5O,rg sUdn. Oay iA giong UO to tha..6i'l-r cli\i, d0 siu thAn ld' vua
phai, u vai .uo. Vi. "d pnit tridl, tiirn r6ng,'tai to vd cup' I{at thich htrp vdi
dieu ki6n chan ti",n. rna nang san xudt thit iao. Bd Brahrnan Ih gi6ng bb thit,
thich nghi va,urrf 1r*ng r"tiot b vilg cldng c9 nghdo' kh6 nhupg lai d6p fng
rdt tdt vdi vioc nuoi v6 b6o.
3. Bb lai
a) Bb lai Sind
Ld bd lai gifla bd cluc Red Si'dhi cua An OO r'6i citc- gion,g bt) r'i\ng Vi€t
Nam. Rd lai Sincl c6 tam v5c trung hinh so v(ri cdc giong bd d trutic ta' mau
long vhng Sotc do rhAm. Ddu hgpltrirn gd, tai-to.lP.*,r.,,titg'y:l-tvir r6n rat
pnai ,rieti, u uai ;i;;, i"ng ngnn,'trguc iau, bdtt vri khti phdt t'id.' Am hd c6
nhi.,u nd.p nhan, cla s() cluoi clii vi\ cloan clrtit clu(ii khong c6 xuollg'
b) Bd lai lJrahman
L) bb lai gifra br) crii vir-rg v6i bd cluc Rrahrnan. Bir lai lJrahrnan thrrt)ng
cri r-r)u x6m traig (lai v6i Br.ah-r'an tLang) l'r.irc cri miru dci (lai 'rii Brahman
clo). Dey lh giong bd l6n con, thin hinh cl}i, cl6 sau thin ltin vira phiii' u vai
cao, yem cd phrit tr-iein, tr6n rong, tai to vi cttp'
4. Gi6'i thi0u rnot so giong bo ngoari ctro sin hu'6'ng thit
a) Rd Charolaise
Ngudn goc tir vDng Trung Tay VI Dorlg Narn nudc Phirp' []o co mau
rrirng x6m, tdnr v6c l6n, thanhinh cliri, lttng thiing, kh6ng u, yetl-l' Rb th(ch hop
r,6i virng khi hiu on d6i.
b) Rb Droughmaster
Ngudn goc tir Australia, duo-c lai rao tu nhtirn gid6g $6 Zebu (chii yeu ld -
bo Brahman) va c6c gi6ng bd thii .*u ,rin o. cldi. Bc) c6 thAn hinh t', cli\i, c6-
rni\u nhat h.ac ,fa-, fr"giga", kh6ng b6nh vir chong vc tot' 'fhi r'(rc ltin' ty le '
thit x6.uo. 8,, kh6 thich ngiri v6i clidu ki6n chtln 'uoi
ir'Vi6t Nar''
c) Bb Herelbrd
Li gidng bd thit cua Anh, ducrc tao ta cl clao llerelorcl bang phttong phdP -'.
nhirr thudn chung. ftien nay giong bd I{erelblcl dang duc1l nuoi phd UiA^n g
nhidu nu6c r.,l',u'1My,'Canaiul Mehico, Nam Phi... t-ong cua gidng Flercford
c6 rndu dr! khiic nhau'; cldu, ngg'c:;'phlin clu6i br.rng, borr c:hin vh dufii cti mdu' ^rrd'zJ l.
Bb CO n"rau
trAng. Giong bir niy thuoc d?ng thd chdt bb thit, ngqc sAu, r6ng; dhi minh.
Khdi luo-ng ldn, ty l0 thit xe cao.
MOt so chi ti0u kinh te ky thuAt cia bb hudng thrt (thu'c hiAn ilteo plrubidu sd I vii 2).
II. KY rHUAr cHoN crcixc1. Chon bd cdi sinh sinChon phlrng con bb kho6 manh, rn)u s6c l6ng theo dlc trung cria giong
bd. Khdi luong ccr thd bd clia phuong lic tru&ng thdnh til 200 kg trb l0n, bb
ngoai ti'300 kg trcl l6n; ddu thanh, mat s6ng; bdu vri trdn, 4 vri cldu, tlnh rnach
vf ndi ro; 4 chin thiurg, khong cli cham kheo; du6i dii; m6ng khft; mong vai
n<i, lung it v6ng, t(nh tinh hidn ldnh, d0 ch[m s6c.
2. Chon bd duc gi6ng
Dej thuc hiOn chucrng trinh ciri tao gidng bb dia phuong, bd duc giong
cluoc lua chon ti' c6c gidng bd thuoc nh6m lar Zdbu, chon nhfr'ng con bd tohn
thin khoe manh, mhu sac l0ng dac trung cua ting gidng. Khdi luong cd thd lfctrudng thlnh tot nhdt til'400 kg tro len. Ddu to, m6t sdng, c6 tinh h[ng nhung
khong hung dfr', dich hoin cAn doi nhung kh6ng s6, lung thing, bUng thon gon,
4 chAn thing, m6ng khit, mOng vai n6.t' Plrurrng phirp xdc clinh khoi luo-ng co thd: C6 2 phuong phhp x6c dinh
khiii lucrng ccr the .
- Phucrng phirp thri nhat: Ding cin dai gia sric dd cAn bb.
- Phurrng phirp thrl hai: DDng thudc do vdng ngqc v) ddi thAn ch6o cua
b<'r, sau c16 tinh khoi luong thco cong thrlc:
+ Kh6i lucrng (kg) = 90 x VN 2 x DTC (dirng cho bb vz)ng dia phuong vd
bd lai Sind).
+ Khoi lucrng (kg) = 90,1 x VN 2 x DTC (dilng cho bb lai vi bd nhap ngoai.
Trong d6: .90 vit 90,1 li h0 so.
. VN: Vdng ngq'c- do vbng s6t n6ch chAn trudc (tinh bang m6t).
. DTC: D)ri thAn ch6o - do tD'm6m xuong ba vai den mom xuongngdi (t(nh bang m6t).
(VN vi DTC clgqrc clo 3 ldn roi ldy sd trung binh ciia 3 ldn do, sai sd ciiclain clo +2 o/o).
(Pltrrntg ptfip nciy chi tip dung cln bd til 2 tudi trri l€rt)
pHAru rr. KV lHUAr cHAN NUOI
I. CHUdNG TRAI CHAN NUOI BO
Chudng phai cao 16o, d6 thodt nu6c. Dam bAo thorlng m6t vd mDa hd,dm, kin gi6 ve mila c16ng. Chudng bd tdt nhdt lim theo hudng Nam hodc DOng
Nam setrdnh ducrc naing mDa hd vl gi6 mDa d6ng.
1. MOt so Xidu chudng:
- Chuong hai clAy: \lL,{
+ Chudng hai ddy cloi ddu: Dudng cli cho trn ti gifra, m/rng an cr kd haibOn dudng di cho an. Rdnfr,,thoirt phAn vd nu6'c tidu o hai bon ro, ih6 clfng cuabd. 'frong chudng c6 thd bo tri xich ,sit hoac cqt ve dr5ng 96 l)m ngtin Je .odinhbd. , ;'
Chudng hai d6y doi dLr6i: Tuong tr-I nhu'kidu chudn-g hai day cloi cldunhung dudng di o gifra dlnh cho ngudi lim v0 sinh. Mdng an o siit tudng canhle dudng di hai ben canh.
. Chudng kidu ndy tiet kiOm cluo-c dien tich xay durrg, chfa duo-c nhidudiiu con, thfch hop v6i quy mo nhu hop L(rc x6 hodc gia cl)nh cti cluy mo nuoildn, kinh doanh nhung ddi h6i vat lieu xiy clung c6 chztt luo-ng tot.
Chuong mot dAy: C6 ldi cli phia trucic mirng an. Chudng rnor day ctingdudng hi6n ldm dudng di. Thinh ngoAi miing 4n cldng thdi li tudng ng[n nutic,viich che xung quanh c6 thd xAy bzing gach hodc gh6p 96.
. Chudng niry thich hop cho chan nuoi gia dinh nhat vi cl6 clat vichudng, t4n dgng duoc nguy€n liOu do xay dung, ldm clcrn giein. Tuy vaynhuo-c didm ld nrrdc mua d0 tat vio mdng an vd chudng.
- Kidu chudng nhi€t ddi: Chi c5 miii che mua nang. C6 xAy miing trn vimiing gdng trong chudng, chudng cd tudtrg che chin, lirm bon canh 6dng cochln d6t luAn phiOn, phi hop vdi rnidn tlung du, rnidn nrii. Thich hop vtiigiadinh chan nu6i bd thir v6i sd luong ldn
2. Ycu ciiu k! thuat v0 xay <lung chudng:- Mdi chudng: Cao vla phai tri{nh gi6 lia, c6 do cloc 65 - J5 o/o cld thorit
nu'(i'c vi chia ra khoi tudng dd brio ve tudng viich kh6i dm u6t. Co thd su dungngLryen li0u ld ng6i, nfa, tdm lcf-p ... dd lqp.
- Tudng chudng: cdn cd clu do ddy cld chong mua bdo, r6t lanh. Tudngxiy g4ch hoac ddt s6t nOn chat. Cti thO su clung phen nr1'a che chin gi6 gifr'aivd mDa dong, milt vd mr)a hd, c6 cu'a sd huting Trong hoac ram.
- Cu'a chudng: Cua ra vio phiri r-ong hon thAn bd, cle bd de di lai v)r tr6nhco sit vlo cua.
- N0n: NIat ndn cao lton rnxt bOn ngo)i cld nudc rr-rua khong rran viochudng. Ndn chudng g6 clo doc thoai thoiii vd phia rhnh, hd u phair cld nudctidu de tho6t. Ndn chudng cdn ldt gach chi nghiOng, hoac cld be toirg.
- Mdng in: Chidu dii 80 cnt, rdng 50 crrr, siu 40 c:rn lirng mring b6n trong34 - 40 cm (c6 thd su dung vdn gh6p hoac xay tu!' theo dieu kien tilng no).
- M6ng udng: chidu dhi 50 crn, r6ng 40 cm, sAu 25 cm, cti l6 tho6t nu6'c.- Ildnh tho6t nu6c phAn, nuti'c tidu: Rhnh lirm thco chiou clii cua chudng,
chidu rong cua rdnh vria du lot xeng: r6ng 25 cm, sau l0 crn.
. - Hd phan: Xay chirn du6i mit dit,l6tg4ch, trdt xi ming, l)rn <y phfa sauclrudng. Ho drim biio chrla cluoc l/2 lLrgng phin I bd/nam ( l,im3lcon).
- SAn cho'i: CAn c6 sAn choi clO cho bd vAn ctQng vir tirn ni'rng, m6i pgz\yit nhat til I - 2 gid. Xung quanh chudng nuoi crin-cd cay
"onh"tong mdi,
dudng cti lai cilra siin choi dant bao luon khCr rzio, s4ch sc. Ne'u c6 cli6u ki6n thisu dung nr6t ddi cAy gdn chudng cld k\m sin ch.,i .lng r&.\bIL
tt'icri
- Dinh mfi'c di€n t(ch chu6ng nuoi: (thu'c hiAn theo phu bidu sd 03).
II. Dric DrdM TrrJU HoA vA rr{uc AN cuo nol. Bt2 rnfy lieu hod ctra bo
Bd lh loi\i gia sric nhai lai, da d)y chia l)m 4 trii: Da c6, da td ong, da16sirch (3 tili ndy duoc goi chung lir da dhy trudc) vi da mrii khe (goi ld dq ddytrr.v|ir r:6 r:rir'tuyAit tiAi dich fiAu lnd ttutrtg lt( nlru'cdc lodi d6ng t)At clo d(i.v
drilr). Da diry trutic cua bb khOng c6 tuyen tidt dich ti6u ho5. Vai trd chri yeucua cdc ngin n)y l) tiep nhAn tl-ni'c irn, o tr& lai mi6ng dd gia sric nhai lai vdnghidn n6t thri'c lur nhb'qu6 trinh tiOu hoi{ cd hoc vi l€n men vi sinh vit.
Cl t e n-r<fi sinh, cla co rat nhi!, thAm chf cbn nh6 hon da td ong. Lric ndychring chua c6 kha nang tieu hoai thf'c dn nhidu xo'vd da mdi khe lirn chri'c
nirng rrhu cla clz\y clon il lon. O dA co c6 mOt rdnh (goi ld rdnh thrtc clutin) clilngdd vAn chuydn sfr'a v) thd'c dn, nudc ti'thuc cluin xudng thing da mrii khd.Cirng vdi qud tr)nh phdt tridn cci thd vi tiOu ho6 thri'c dn thd, da c6 phdt tridn.Neu chfng ta c)ng sdm cho bd in c6c loai thri'c [n th6 xanh thi da c6 c)ng s6mphiit tlidn v;\ phdt irien cing manh.
2.*)Ac didrn tiOu hod thri'c an
Da co l) trung tAm ti0u ho6 quan trong nhat cua bd, tai da c6 dien ra qu6trinh tiOu hoii co hoc vI ti6u ho6 hoii lroc nhd vi sinh vAt.
a) Ti6u hoi ccr hoc
Khi gia sdc lay thf'c zin vio mi€ng, thrlc dn duoc nhai rdp rap rdi cluocnLrot vito da co. Tai dAy thLi'c dn duoc nhio b6p vi tron ddu vdi thri'c an cir nhd'nhu c10ng cua da co. Nhfr'ng phdn thri'c [n nh6, min chim ddn xuong ddy da c6vi'r cli chuydn cliin sang da td ong, cla l;i shch vd dzr mrii khe. Phdn thri'c an tho vrlnhc cluoc o len mi6ng d€! gia sric nhai lai. Qu6 trinh ti6u ho6 di6n ra nhu vdylirm cho da co voi ddn vd gia sric lai tiep nhdn nhfrng thri'c an mdi. Khi tdi damrii khO, thri'c an cluoc tiOu hoii nhu & da diy don.
b) Tieu hof hoii hoc nhd vi sinh vAt
Da c6 khong tiet dich ti6u ho6 r,i axit chlohydric nen kh6ng c6 qud trinhtieu hoh hoir hoc nhu o da mfi khe. Tai cla c6 dien ra quii tr)nh ti6u hoil ho6hoc nhd l6n men vi sinh vAt. Nhfr'ng vi sinh vAt song trong da co ld nhfrng visinh vAt cci lcii, khong gAy d6c hai cho gia sric.Vi sinh vai song vd phdt tiidnnr4n"h cluo-c trong d4 co li nhd tai dAy c,3 cdc dieu kien rhfch hJp vd^nhi6r clO,do dm, moi trudng ycrn khf vd ngudn dinh du6'ng ddi ddo. Vai iiO .uu vi sinhvAt da c6 ld girip cho gia sric c6 thd ti6u ho6 duoc chat xo vd c6c thf'c an tho.Chring bien ddi xcl vi ciic b6t dudng thinh axit hfr'u co. C6c axit niy nhanhclr6ng duo-c hap thu qua thinh da co Id ngudn cung cap nang luong. c6tc vrsi,nh vQt tting hop ldn c6c chat dinh dudng trong mdi luan h9 cfng ,int. cn,ingt6ng h<-rp tat ca cdc vitamin nh6rn B, K,vi tit c:h c6c axit amin thiit yeu. Tha;chi chdng c(r khA nang su dqrng nhfrng ho'p chdt nito phi Protein nhu Ure,nlrlnrg chat chti'a nit<r khhc dd tao th:\nh Protdin vi nhfr'ng chdt dinh dudng ccit'o t''
;il;:::T";,1h var ll,q,on hQ cQng sinh vd c6 su phan .n,".:; ;;clrlt che. San phdm phAn giAi cria ciic cht't trong thri'c [n cfia lodi nhy lai li chat r t: ,- ,,
Lti irl ''
dinh dudng cria m6t lo)i kfiirc. Chinh v) vAy, neu mot lhtim vi sinh vAt ndo d6
kh6ng c6 duoc 'hing didu ki6n thich hgp phr4t tridn thi chfrng se bi chet dzin
cli. DIeu oo dan t6i ; rhay adi tnanh phAn crla nhidu nhtim vi sinh vat khdc.
ket qua lh qu6 lrinh iieu ttoa thfic t1n bi rdi"loan vl inh hubng xdu ddn t)nh
trang srlc kho6 cira gia sric.
Nhu vay vi6c nu$i dudng bb 1A nrr6i clu6n g c6rc khu hO vi sinh vAt da co'
cung cdp va ta; cho chring nhung didu kien tdi uu cld ph6t tri'dn vd sinh soi, nay n<r'
c) SU nhai lai
sau khi viio mieng thrlc In ciucrc bd nhai vd tham nudc bot rdi drtcrc nu6t
xudng da co. Khoang z5 aen30 phtit sau khi an bd bat cldu quii trinh nhai lai'
Nhai lai lh hoat .long'sinh ly binh thudng b bd d6 le clud trinh rhti'c a' duoc o
til da c6 l6n midng vir tai day trong vdng lpt.pltit n5 dttoc nhai righidn min'
rron l6n vdi nuclc 6ot rOi duqi nudt tro lai. Tdng thdi gian eia 1f9 nhai lai trong
rnor ngiy dem ddi huy ng6" tu! thuoc vio loai thfr. an trong khdu phdn'
Nhd nhai iai, tdt cit c6c loai thfrc [n tho ddu duoc nghidn nh6, min cing
v6i su phin giai vi sinh vat trong thoi gian thri'c dn luu lai b da co, cio bdn cua
thdnh te b1o, circ loai rhrlc an Ui pna hJy, cdc thdnh phdn clinh cludng duoc giai
nh6ns ddn, c6c phdn thrlc an chim sAu dzin xudng dudi trii bung da co' Tir day
il'il; ;;;;;y'ioi a" td ong v) sau c1,5 t6i 16 thong gifr'a d4 td ong v) da 16
sirch. ViCc voi cldn chat chfia trong d4 c6 tao didu kien cho bb tiep tuc thu nhAn
thric in vi ti6u I'rod c6c phlin thitc arn rn6i'
d) SU o hoi
Trong quii trinh tiOu hod thftc a1, rnot lut)ng l6'n circ chit khi' chu ycu la
khf Metan (cFI4) vi cacbonic (cor) ducrc hinh thdnh cr dr'r cir' c6c chat khi nhy
cJuoc tfch lu! vi den mdt mrlc clO ri)o c16 thi cluoc thai ra tho.g clua c1r'rd tri.5 cl
hcri. o hoi ld phan xa thai khf nhd' su co b6p cua thlnh da co'
3. Thfrc [n cho bb
a) PhAn loai
M6i lodi dQng vat c6 mot bo m6y tieu hod kh6c nhau, c6c loai thri'c in
dDng cho chfnll cu;g khdc nhau. Bb le ioli dong va1 nhai lai c6 der d)y 4 ttii c6
kha nlng ti6u hod u"i, ,u clqng c6c loai thfc [n rat da tl4ng vir ph6ng phri' 16
tidn, chring cltrcrc xdp thiinh 3 nh6m chfnh sau dAy:
- Thfi'c 5n th6: Trong nh6m thrltc an th6 ngudi ta chia l}m 4 loai: thri'c 6n
xanh (c6c loai cir xanh, rai xanh, ngqn mia, v6-v-i ch6p quir clf'a"'); Thfc an u
chna, co kho vi ro-m 1ia; Thrlc at-t.I'qua (khoai.lang, khtlai tiy, ca rot' cu cd:i'
bdu bi, sin tucri...) vd phe, phu pSdm cong ng5i6p che bic' (bI dau nhnh' bd
bia, bl san...).
- Thirc dn tinh: Nh6m thitc [n niy bao gom c6c loai hat vI bot ngfr coc
(ngo, mi, cam g+o), lac, c6c loai hat cay ho clAu, kho dliu cdc loai vi cdc loai
itti. an tinh h6n hop cluoc san xudt c6ng nghiep'
- Thtrc an bd sung: Trong nh6' thrlc [n bd sung quan trong nhit l)r Ure,
r.i mat dudng, h5n hop khodng. vI Vitamin. chfing clugc su clung vcii lucrng nho
dd cAn bangl6r: chat trong khdu phtirr' - JL.y'/
b) Nguyen tAc v) phuong ph6p su dung c6c loai thf'c an
Ciic loai thrlc in th6 xanh cho [n tu do. Thrlc dn tinh c{in chia ddu cho
an trong ngdy. Kh0ng cho bd an cdc loai thrlc an qu6 giir, thrlc an d)i phAi bam
thdi thinh nhu'ng mdu nh6 ddi tir 5 ddn 10 cm.
4. lSho cluin vi che bien mOt so loai thfi'c an
a) Phcri kho c6, rom: Phoi c6 khd 1) hinh thri'c du trfr'vd bAo quin thfic
an tho xanh re tidn. Dd thu duo-c co kh6 chdt luong tot, ft tdn that c6c chat dinh
dudng clin cl-ni y nhfr'ng vdn dd sau dAy:
Sau khi cat tien hinh phoi hoac say ngay nhung khdng pho'i qur{ n6ng dd
tdn thdt chdt dinh dudng nhdt li c6c loai vitamin.
Sau khi c6 da kho ci6nh thdnh ddng nhu dong rom hoac dd trong nhlkho cld bho quan luu ! n6n chlt vh chc mua. Rom lfa phoi kh6 d6nh dOng du
trfl thric f,n tl'ong vu d6ng.
b) u chua: U chua li c1u6 trinh 16n men yem khi vd c6 thd dp dung doi
v6i loai ciiy thf'c an xanh. K! thuAt u chua bao gdm c5c c6ng doan thu hoach
cAy rhri'c an vlo giai doan thich hop th6i thdnh tirng mdu nh6 n6n vdo mdt hd ri,
vi che kin khdng dd cho nu6c, khdng khi lot v)o.
- Xn'li nguyen liOu trudc khi u:
+ Phoi 6rio ciic nguy0n li€u tuoi xanh til'4 clin 6 gid dd lem giAm luong
nu6c xudng cdn khoang 60 den 70 Vo,thtc an kh6ng dinh ddt, c6t ho[c c6c tap
chat kh6c.
+ Ddi v6r c/ac loai thAn cf'ng nhu c6 voi, cAy ng0... , cdn lhm dAp, citngan (tn' 4 den 6 cm) tru6c khi t.
- M<2t so chat bd sung khi u chua:
Khi u, cri' 100 kg nguyOn li0u (cay ngo, c6 voi, 16 ngon mfa sau thu
hoach), cdn bd sung 0,5 kg muoi an v)r til 2 den 3 kg c6m c6c loai (c5m s6t,
cfrn ng6, cdm s6n..) hoac doi v6i nhitng nguyOn li0u u chua c6 ty 16 dudng
thap cin bd sung rhem 3 dcq 5 kg ri mat. Nhfrng chat bd sung niy ldm l6n men
sdrn cld tao nhanh a xit khdng che thdi, h6ng.
- Phuong ph6p u:
+ Chudn bi hd u: Chon vi trf lhm hd u & noi cao 16o, thoiit nddc, c5 thO
d1ng hei u bang cldt ct1 l6t d6y vd th)nh ho bang ni long hoac bang bei xay
g4ch, xi miing, r'rOn xAy Ud trinh chft nhAt, nu'a ndi, nta chim.
Luong nguyon li6u vi thd tich cdn cria hd ri: Hd u c6 chi6u dei 1,5 rn,
r6ng 1 m, sdu 1m c6 rhe fi ru 750 ddn 900 kg nguyen li€u fi xanh.
+ C6ch i: D6y hd l6t mot ldp rom ddy tt 5 ddn 7 cm, cho nguyOn liOu
c1d xu ly vho hd u I ldp diy 15 - 20 cm, r6c mudi, c6m, tudi ri mAt ddu l€n ldp
bd m[t, ding cldm n6n that chAt, chd f ddm n6n ky b 4 g6c. Cri ti6p mdt 16p
lhu vay lsri cldm n6n l6p tiep theo cho den khi ddy hd, ding nhfrng nOm tre coi
rhinh no ten cao hdn m6p mat ddt 30 cm dd u tiep nguyOn liOu (muc dich
kh6ng cld nudc mua chiy trhn vdo hd u), ddm n6n liin cuoi rdi trai m6t ldp rom
ady iaen l0 crn, phu lOn trOn cing mdt 16p ni l6ng, gap m9n ni l6ng thdnh ho
triim clAy kin clinh ho lai. Sau c16 lap ddt, cing ddy, cing n4ng, cdng n6n chdt.. ./rlr4',-
thi c)rng tdt ve cudi cDng.lI ldm mdi che mua, nang. Sau khi u tir 3 den 5 ngey
cdn kidft trei, rhdy hd ri iep xudng thi l.rp cldt bd sung dd hd u ducrc n6n ch4t.
- Srl clung: Hai th6ng sau khi it, mb hd u kidm tra chat luor-rg thay c6
mdu vdng tuoi, kh6ng bi tliam, tndc, c5 mDi hcli chua l)r chdt luong tot vir bitddu su dgng cho trAu, bb an.
Ldy thrlc an & hd ri ra cdn lay ldn luot tt ddu niy den ddu kia holc tittrdn xudng dudi, kh6ng mo'rong mi6ng ho hoac bd ii, lay xong clay kin ngay
dd trdnh ldm h6ng thfic in. Nhfrng ngey ddu khi mdi cho triu bb an, nen cho
an tir ft t5'i nhidu vd nhd cho udng du nudc sach. 1 kg thfc an u xanh thay the
duo-c 1,3 ddn 1 ,5 kg thfc [n xanh.
c) Ky thuAt u rom v6i u re
Rom ld ngudn thrlc [n tAn dung, 16 tidn lai de du trfr cho mDa dong. Vigir{ tri dinh dudng cua rom kh6ng cAu, nhidu xd, thdi gian tiOu hod thfrc an k6o
dhi, n6n phii c6 giAi ph6p chd hien dd su dqng rom c6 hi0u cluA hon d6 ldphuong phrip u rom vdi Ur6.
U r.l- vdi Ure gifp bd ti6u thu duob luo-ng rom 16rr ho-n, tang ti le tieu
hoii cdc chdt dinh dudng. Day lI biOn ph6p tAn clung ngudn phu phdm ddi dlo.
Co che ctra phuong phdp n)y lim cho rcvm duoc xu'l! hoii hoc bang khfAmoniac. Khi ndy duoc tao ra khi hod urO v6'i nudc. AmoniSc duoc tham vho
c.6c t€, bho rom lim rom m6m di vI trct nen d0 tiOu hoii hon. Hcln nffa nhd visinh vAt trong da co md Amoni6c duoc chuydn hod thdnh Protdin vi sinh vAt
cltng cap cho cd thd ciia vAt nudi, khic phUc duo-c nltuoc diem nghdo Proteincua ro--m. Day ln lcri tho mi chi c6 triu bd v6i clac didm lOn mcn ,|x cri rn<ii thtrc
hien clucrc.
- Phuong phr{p u:
Bd U c6 thd xAy gach trdt xi mi1ng, nhung thuAn ti6n nhat lir dDng bao,
trii ni l6ng. Dung tich bd, tfi tuy thuoc vdo luo-ng rtlm md clem tr ( lmt bd c6
thd u clucrc til 50 den 70 kg rcrm kh6).
Ti lg rcJm, [Jrd vd m6t so phu gia khric nhu sau: CLi' 100 kg rcrrn kho cin3 kg ure + 0,5 kg muoi + 0,5 kg vOi ,oi hod vdi 100 lft nLtivc sach.
Bi€n phrip u cfrng gidng nhu phuong phrip u xanh nhung chia luo-ng rctm
v) luo-ng nu6c rn6i thfithi\nh l0 phdn dd n6n rom thlnh 10 l6p, m5i ltip Lclm
sau khi duo-c ldn, n6n chit thi tutii rn0t luot nu6c Ure. NOn dirnh cho nhfr'ng l6ptlen phdn nrrdc UrO nhidu hon cld ndu rctm thdm kh6ng het thi nudc sE chaytham tiep xudng nhfr'ng ltlp du6i. Trong qu6 tr'inh thao tdc luu y kh6ng di richtrii. Cuoi cDng phai buoc mieng tfi holc phu bat ni long thAt kin miOng hokhong ducrc dd khf Amdniac bay ra ngo)i.
Rom u tdt thi sau 7 ngdy, c6 mriu vdng s6ng vh c6 thei su dung cho bdln. Cdn luu y, m6i ldn ldy rom ra su dqng phzii buoc kin ngay nrieng trii hoacchdn phii kin ngay mi6ng hd fi. Trong 2 - 3 ngdy ddu, khi cho an, do chua quen
mDi, nOn trdn thOm mdt it c6 tuoi hoac rom chua u de bd In quen diin.
Mot bd truong thdnh c6 thd dn clucrc tD' 7 - l0 kg rom u ( I kg r<lm ir c6UrO c6 thej thay the duoc 2 kg thfrc [rr xanh). Chi cho b0, ngh6 irn khi da duo-c
6 thring tu}i. \.{'-;y 1 -
I
Thinh phirn o/o C0ng--r---l-r- th(rc
III IV
BJtI
mAt_i---*-..-
r6
50 40 45 40-45 29
10 10 t0 10
- Mudi 5 5 5 5
- C{m gao; BOt san 25 10 0 2l
- Chat dQn nhidu xd (DaY
lang, b6 mfa, vo lac...)0 27 30 27 -30 25
- Pr€mix khodng I t I
- VOi bota-)
aJ 7 I
Xi mang (ket dinh ) 5 5 2 2
d) Phuong ph6p ldm b6nh dinh dudng - tiing liem dd cung cdp thric [n
bd sung cho bb:
- Thdnh phdn ciic chdt vicho bd nhu sau:
luong che bien br{nh dinh dudng, tAng lidm
- Ci{ch ldm:
Tr6n cldu Ur6, muoi vh ri mAt rdi cho c6c nguyOn liOu khric, trOn ket
dinh vdi chdt d6m, cho l6n c6c h6n hop trOn vdo qudy ddu 15 phrit trong nhi6t
dO 30 - 350 C, cho h6n hop tr6n vho khudn 6p manh (luu f 4 goc). C5 thd lhm
khu6n ro rdi cit thlnh nhfrng tam nh6. Neu dd dDng lau dii n6n g6i bio quan
noi kho riio.
III. KY THUAT CHAN NUOI BO DUC GIdNG
1. Chon giong: (thqc hi|n theo Phdn I 'muc II).
C fr. chd do phcii giong:
Chd cl6 phdi giong: Bd duc ttr' 18 thr{ng tudi mdi cho tham quan bd dttikh6c nhay pttoi fu6i UJauc bat ddu phdi giong truc tidp nOn tt24 thring tudi
tro l6n. So idn phoi giong truc tiep kh6ng quir ba ldn/tudn vi thdi gian su dqng
khong qu6 5 ni*. Ti le gh6p phoi thich hop: 1 duc/50 c6i. Tuydt ddi kh6ng
phoi giong can huyet.
Kh6ng nen ctdi xrl th6 bao vdi bd vi dC gay phin x? tU v0 vd tao nOn t(nh
hung dfr. Kh-Ong nen lhm.chuong giin chudng bb c6i dd trdnh bi kich thich, ph6
chuOng vd cci the d6n den hiOn tudng xuat tinh liOn mi0n, ldm mdt phin xa
nhay vd anh huclng den thdi gian su'dqng.
3. Thfc an:
Thfc an ld mdt trong nhfrng yeu td quan trong inh hu6ng trqc tidp den
chat luong rinh dich. Trao ddi chdt cua bb duc gicing cao hon c6c loai bb kh6c
rir 10 - l27o do vAy mA clin chdm s5c nu6i dudng bb duc theo chd dO ri6ng.
Trong khdu phdn n6n tlng ty lq thrlc [n toan sinh ly nhu: c6m, khO ddu, bd
dAu, thrlc dr d6ng vdt, th6c mdm vd thrlc an gidu d?m.
(Nhu ciiu vd khdu phdn dn crta bd duc lai vd
bie'u 4).
bd duc ngoai theo phu
)Jfu|'
4. VAn dQng, tim chfri: NghY
n6ng am, ket h<lP tam - chai.
Xu?rn - Hd hoac Thu DOng tim v)o ngay
Vin d6ng ddi vdi bd duc giong
bric. C6 nhidu h)nn th,l.: ddn, dudi bb
lao tfc nhe 2 - 3 gid/ngdY, vAn dQng
Lim nhu viY Phht huY duoc t6c dung
hidn hoh, de gdn.
rdt cdn thidt ver mang tinh chdt cudng
duc di nhanh I,5 - 2 km /ngdy; kdt hqP
tai ch6... sau d6 xoa chii l6ng cho bd'
cria vAn clQng, vi'a l)m cho duc giOng
IV. KY THUAT CHAN NUOI T}O CAI SINH SAN
l.Ky thuat chan nuoi bb c6i hau bi ti'13 tlen L8 th6ng tudi:
a) chon giong: chon nhfrng bd clfi tiou chudn lhm giong (thttrc hian theo
Pltdrt I ' rttucll). Ylu cdu b0 hau b! kh6ng qud b6o' qu6 gdy'
b) Thfic ittt:
Giai cloan niy b0 d6 stl dgng tdt thri'c an th6 xanh, khi nang thu nhan
thric an tot, ngoiri vi6c chtrn thn be"c6 tftd su'dqng tdt thri'c f,n u chua' rdm' c6
kh6 vh c6c phu phdm nong nghi6p kh6c thy c6c loai khd ddu' d6 liem' Neu
chan tha bC ngoli bai chai "An
Ub sung thri'c an th6 xanh tai chudng dc d6p
rlng du nhu cdu dinh dudng hdng nghy'
(Nttu cdu vd khdu phdn an d6'i voi bd dia phuorng thuc hi1n theo phu
hidu so' 05; tl6i vti'i ltd ngoai thu:c hiAn theo so 07)'
2.KY thuAt ph6t hi€n dOng dqc vh phoi gi6ng
U\rl OOng cluc: Chu ky <tong <luc cua bb.cfi l 2l nghy giao clQng 17 den
24 ng>ay,thdi gian clQng <lqc ld lil gio (giao clcng 24 d& 36 gid). Su d6ng duc
"uu 6b-"6i chia llm 4 giai cloan ch(nh sau:
- Giai cloan trudc clQng duc: L)r giai doan cldu cua dQng duc thudng k6o
ddi 6 den 10 gid;;; ffitien tiu, Bb,b6.6n ngo ng6c hav di lai, 16ng
m6ng xir l6n, cl*ng c1u0i, tach rointrirng .on kh6c, kou gi6ng, hric nhau, mudn
nhdy l6n con khr.; nhung chua d,i"; lalcfo con kh6c nhiy t6n' Meip dm h0 h6
m6 c6 mdu hOng .rOr, niJn., dich troilg sudt, loing chua h6o dhi thinh soi duoc'
- Giai cloan chiu duc: Giai cloan nd.Y c6 c6c bidu hi6n chfnh sau: Con cdi
dfing lai cho con kh6c nttay l6n, du6i vdnh l6n, lung hoi cong' bd (t tu hoac
khong dn, hay cli theo bd kh6c, am hQ b6t sung vd hoi teo c6 dfnh c6 r6c do
nhidJniOm dich dinh xung quanh'
Ni6m dich trong, rJai c6 thd k6o dhi thhnh soi ( >10,t*l'Day ld nhfrng
dac clidm nhin t,ig, "ilin5
xdc thOi kj' chiu duc, 1)r thdi didm phdi giong thich
hop nhdt vd t! le thu thai dat cao nhat'
- Giai cloan sau chiu duc: L) giai cloan cudi cua chu kj' dQng duc' bd c6
c6c bidu hi6n (t dn hoac b6 an (gioni Siai 491 .ddul'
Am hO thAm khong sutt$'
ni6m clich clic, hoi cluc, it k6o aei a,iql vb doi khi dinh m6u xung quang am h0
vd mongtrd c6i tuy day lh giai doan rung trrfng, nhung phdi gidng vdo hic ndy
li quf muOn, ti lo thq thai thaP'
- Giai cloan cAn bing: Tdt cit c6c bidu hien'cila cd quan sinh duc 'ben
ngodi vl bOn trong triv lai binh thudng:I!t4/'
10
b) Thdi didm phoi giong
N€n cho phdi gidng vlo nua sau thdi'gian dQng duc cua bd cdi. C6 ther{p dung qui luat "s6ng - chidu" (tric ld dQng duc v}ro budi sdng thi phoi giongvio budi chidu, dQng duc vio budi chidu rhi phoi gidng vio s6ng hom sau).Sau khi ph6i gion g 2l ngiry ndu bo c6 bidu hien dong duc lai thi phAi biio ngaycho cdn b0 ky thuAt xem x6t, quyet dinh.
d .l Ci{c phuong phrip phdi giong: C5 2 phuong phrip phoi giong sau:
- Phdi truc tidp: Su dung bb duc gidng du ti€u chudn ldm giong chonhay truc tiep vdi bd cdi d6ng duc cr thdi didm phoi giong rhich hcrp.
- Phdi gi6n tidp (thu tinh nhAn tao): ld phuong phrip srl dung dung cutruydn tinh dd phdi giong cho bd c6i bang tinh c5 sdn cld duoc bao quAn.Phuong phr{p ndy do d6n tinh vi6n c6 dri trinh do chuyen mon da qua d)o taothuc hi6n.rd
,i*03. K! thuAt chin nuoi bd giai doan mang thaia) Thrlc an: Bd c6 chua cdn duoc cho f,n udng ddy du dam biio luo.ng
thrlc in gidu dam, c6 xanh non, bd sung thrlc an tinh d6p fng nhu cdu cua bdme vd nhu cdu nueri thai.
. (Nhu cdu vd khdu phdn an do'i vdi hd me n6i vci hd me lai theo phubidu so'8 vd sd 9; Ddi voi bd me ngoai htdng thit thi'eo phu bidu so' I0 vdlIj.
Thrlc [n tinh cho An 2lanlngity (vdo 8 gid s6ng vd 4 gid chidu). Thric anxanh cho f,n rhi r6c trong ngey (chri f co cit nho, c5 chidu dii 15 - 20 cm dd khidua vdo mdng, bd de an vd thric an kh6ng bi roi ra ngoli). Rcrm, c6 kho cho anvdo budi tdi.
b) cham s6c: Khdng dd bd ldm viec n;1ng, rr6nh xo ddy, diinh audi ubtrong c6c th'6ng chua thf 3, 7 vd thilng thf 8, 9, bd de bi sAy thai.
4.KY thuAt chan nudi bd dd vh nuoi con
a) Ky thuAt chudn bi vd dd de cho bd
Bd sip de c5 hiOn tuong dau quan qu4i, hay dring lOn, nf,m xuong, chanc)o dat; ia d6i nhidu, phSn nh6o, am ho sung to, c6 niem dich chAy ra, bdu vricdng sfra, c5c nrim vri vdnh ra, m6ng sut. Vi vay phii chudn bi dung cu cld d6cho bd: chi, k6o cit rdn, cdn iot dd s6t trDng.
Khi bb d6 xong dDng khdn, r'crm kh6 lau rtit rdi trong mfri, mdm bc, ddbd me tu liem con Tidn hdnh thit day ron (bang chi dd siit trDng) ciich bung tl8 - l0 cm, dDng k6o c6t ngoii ndt buoc khoAngl cm vd siit trirng bang cfin iot5 o/o. Binh thudng sau d6 30 phrit den 3 gid thi nhau thai sE ra her, neu sau d612 gid mh nhau thai khdng ra ld bd bi s5t nhau. Trong truirng hcrp bd cle binhthudng khong cdn can thi0p. Trudng hop bd dd kh6 hof,c bi stit nhau, phai mdiciin bo thf y can thi€p kip thdi.
sau khi bd da xong cho be bd sfra ddu ngay, crng sdrn cdng tot.b) Thrlc f,n, nudc udng
Sau khi bb de thudng bi mat nudc ciin cho bo me uong nuclc am phathdm it mudi, cho bd me in chiio lodng, 0,5 - I kg thric [n tinh/con/ng)y ua :o- 409 mudi dn, cho an du c6 non xanh tai chudng (khoiing 0l tudn) ctd ba, m% ,lh"!2-
ll !-t n
phu. hdi c<r the. Nhrng ngay sau (trong sudt thdi k!'nu6i con), cho bd me dntheo khdu phdn hudng d6n.
(Nhu cdu vd khdu phdn dn cho bd nbi vd bd lai thuc hiAn theo phubidu so I2; do'i voi bd ngoai thuc hi\n theo s6'l3).
c) Cham s6c: Trong tudn ddu bd d6 ding nu6c s6t tring rua phdn thAnsau cfia bd, thut riia co quan sinh duc, neu thdy hi6n tu-o. ng vi6m, theo d6i bdan uong dac bict ld bdu vri vi Am h6. Ndu bd c6 bidu hi6n kh6c thudng phAibiio cho c6n b6 thti y can thi€p. Chfi i theo d6i bd ddng duc tr& lai dd phoigiong kip thdi.
. Trong giai doan niy chri y mQt so benh thudng gap: De kh6, sdt nhau,tic sfra, vi€m tu cung.
V. KV THUAT CHAN NUOI BE
1. Giai doan bri sfra den khi cai sfra (0 - 6 rh6ng tudi):a) Thrlc dn: Thrlc in cua bd giai doan nhy chri yeu lh sfra me nOn cdn
nuOi bd me tot dd c6 dfr sfra cho b€ bri. Cdn rdp cho bd an s6m blng c6 kh6,c6m vdi so luong tr) ft ddn nhidu dd quen ddn vdi thrlc 5n thd xanh. Bit ddu choan cii khd tD 30 ngdy tudi.
B€ so sinh ddn 30 ngiy tudi n6n nuoi tai nhd, 6 canh me, lu6n gifr amcho b€ (v0 mila d6ng), bio dim ch6 nam kho, sach. B0 tr6n 1 thring tudi chantha theo mg d bdi chan gdn chudng. T4p cho bd an rhrlc an tinh.
Tt 3 - 6 th6ng rudi chf f cho an c6 kh6 dd ph6t tridn nhanh da c6.
(Do'i vdi hA ngoai cho dn theo hudng ddn tqi phq bidu so 06).
b) cham s(rc: chd 1i benh dudng tiou ho6 & be. tdy giun dfra cho b6.
2. Giai doan nudi lon (7-12 thdng tudi):
a) Thric an: Giai doan ndy chuydn hudng til thrlc in sfra sang thrlc an thdxanh lh chfnh vi mdt phdn thrlc an tinh. Neu nu6i be gidng til 6 thring tudi trbdi phAi ti4ch ri6ng bO duc, bO c6i vi c6 chd dO nu6i dudng h-o. p ly.
Hdng ngay chdn tha bc tt 6 - 8 gid ngodi bdi chan ad Ue dn duoc nhiduco tuoi vd van dQng dudi trdi n6ng dm, cdn cho dn thOm rdm, c6 kh6 dd hoinchinh su phi{t tri€in cria da c6 vi bd sung thfc an tinh b6t.
(Nhu cdu vd khdu phdn dn tldi voi bd dia phtong theo phu bidu 0s;tlo'i voi bd ngoai theo pku bidu sO'06)
b) Thd y: cdn chri y phdng ciic bOnh tiou chrly, rhuong hdn, bach hdu,viem phdi, cdu tring. :
VI. KV THUAT CHAN NUOI BO V6 BEo
Nuoi bd v6 b6o ld m6t loai hinh kinh doanh dac bi€t, dem lai loi nhuAnldn nhung cfrng ddi h6i ngudi chdn nudi c6 k! ndng ldnh nghd, am hidu rhitrudng vi khriL ndng ddu tu ldn.
-
1. I)di tuong vd bt4o
'- Le nhfrng b0 khdng du ti6u chudn ldm gidng.- V5 b6o bd giy, bd gid, bd loai thai)&*
I2
2. Ky thuAt nudi bd v6 b6o
Dd nuOi bd v6 b6o thdnh cong cdn phii thuc hi6n dfng k! thuAt chonlua bi), d0 tudi v6 b6o, thrlc an v6 b6o...
Muc clich cua nu6i v6 b6o ld nit ngin thdi gian nuoi, dd dat khdi luongcao nhdt trong thr)'i gian ngin nhit nhim nAng cao sd luo. ng vd chdt luong thit.Thdi gian v6 b6o trudc hic giet mo2 - 3 thiing. Tudi v6 b6o tot nhdt rD'18 - 24th{ng tudi.
- Yeu cZir.r tang trong: Y6u ciiu tang trong trong giai doan v6 b6o phaidat duoc tU 700 - 800 g/con/ngdy.
Chudn bi v5 b6o: Khi chudn bi nudi bb v6 b6o cdn kidm tra sri'c khoedin bd, tiOm phdng (neu cdn thiet) Tdy giun s6n vd c6c bOnh ky sinh rringkhirc. Can khoi luong bb trudc khi dua vlo v6 b6o.
. - Tlong giai cloan v6 b6o: dinh kj, can khdi luong bd 30 ng)ry/l ldn.Kidm tra luct'ng thd'c an bd [n hing ngay. Cho bd uong du nudc sach theo nhuciiu.
3. Thri'c rn cho bd v6 b6o theo 3 giai doan- CAn doi lurlng thri'c dn tinh trong khdu phdn chiem khoAng 30 7o t6ng
don vi thrlc lrn.
- Thri'c in th6 xanh cho itn tu do vi bd sung thf'c an tinh, ri mAt nhu sau:
Khau phdn 1: Ap dvng ril nghy rhf 01 den ngiy thri. 10: cho bb an 0,5kg cirm h6n hop + 0,5 kg ri mAt.
+ Khau phdn 2: Ap dqng ri'ngiy rhf 11ciim h6n hgp + 1 kg ri mAr.
+ Khau phdn 3,. ap dqng rr) nghy thf'31 den ngey rhri'90: cho bd an2kgcirm h6n hgp + I kg ri mAt.
- Ket thric v6 b6o: CAn khdi luong bd dd tinh khi nf,ng tf,ng trong. Tfnhti6u ton thri'c [n/kg tang rrong. Tfnh hiOu qui kinh rd dd .O aintl hudng chocharn nuoi chu k! sau.
4. Phutrng phdp v6 b6o bo: C5 2 phuong phrlp:
- Chan tha ket hop vdi bd sung thrlc an tai chudng: Bb duoc chln thiitren ddng vdo ban ngdy,.budi toi cho rn th6m ro,m, c6, ri -at ua cim h6n ho,ptai chudng. Cdn han che hoat ddng, vi vAy chi n6n chdn tha &c6c ctdng c6 gdn.
- NuOi nhot hodn todn tai chudng cld v6 b6o: Ctro dn cftc loai thri'c in: c6,ri mat vl thfc in c6m hdn hop tai chubng. can chri / cho ;;d;i le
"an ,r,i",
cua thinh phdn thri'c an tinh, nhdt ld vdo giai cloan ket thric v6 b6o (thudng lhmot thiing).
VII. VO SINH I'HONG CHONC DICH BONH
1. Ye sinh chudng trai
. Hdng ngz\y vat nuoi thub'ng xuy€n riep can v6i bdu khong khi cuachudng trai vi. vdi c6c diou kien tidu khi hau khdc nhau nhu: d6 drn. nhiot do.do tltOng thoiing cua chudng nuoi... Cr{c yeu to trdn kh6ng clam U-
"q rirfr}
gay anh huong khong tot den sric kho6 bd. Ngodi ra, vi€c thudng xuyen tidV., 1l,rS/
73 --
den ngdy thri 30: cho bb an 1 kg
xfc vdi rnang an, m6ng udng, ndn chudng cfrng li ngudn ting trfr vh lAy nhiem
mdrn b6nh nguy hidm]Vi Gy, mudn Aail Uao srlc kho6 cholvAt nuoi thi biCn
phirp hieu que nhdt ld dim bio vc sinh chudng trai: Qu6t, 9t{thl:ng sach s6'
rhu phAn cle u h)ng ngdy. Phun f.ftii iiUng .hudng irai dinh k! 2 tudn 1 ldn'
2.Vesinh thfic in, nudc udng
Phai vC sinh thri'c irn, nu6c uong cho bd, ndu thrlc [n lAn circ vAt cd'ng
nhu: manh thuli tinh, dinh"' ldm xay "xat
niOm mac duo'ng ti0u ho6' tao didu
kien cho mdm benh xAm nhip v)ro co thd. O bb cdn xiy ra hien tudng vi6m
bao tim clo ngoai vat. Thfi'c an, nud.-udng c6 l6n btn, c6t s6i, c6c thudc s6t
rrilng, rhuoc tru' sau... cldu c6 t6c hai ddi;6i :d.lhd. Ddi vdi bb thudng gay
ngh6n da 16 ra.rr.'vi uay, phtii ruu,ru.t c6 t[u6c khi cho an neu c6 dinh nhi6u
clat c[t.3. Ve sinh thAn thd, su dqng, vitr chuy0n
V0 sinh thAn thd girip bzio uQ ."d n?ng :fr,1 9u vd tdng :u9:g
hoat dOng
cdc crl nang khdc. Thudng xuy6nlt-.,iolchzii l6ng cho bd' tam nang vAn
clQng l)r nhfr'ng bien phap r?l,g *o ,,i" dd kh6ng "u"a
bb, ldm giam thidu so
luong kY sinh trirng tre n cd thc'
Sudungho6ckhaith6cclu6mrlcrnikh6ngc6chd.a.a.nuoldudngtot,sri.c d0 khfng sc giam srit, giAm tJ" OUng thuc bdo ia luong kh6ng thd'
Khi vAn chuydn neu gia.sric bi nhot chat choi, bi d6nh dudi' ddn 6p' clidu
ki.n chlm s6c k6m lhm cotr-,d,rvliu,itrdtiqng gilm sft, stlc chdng ddbenh
i^igi];", "hidu
bonh truydn nhiem de ph6t sinh'
4. Ti€m Phdng'fiem phdng lzi bien phrip tdt nhat gav mi91{i:l:lfr.dong cho bd bang
citc loai vic xin. 5d trantt nfrnng ian thdt-l6n do bd bi bQnh truydn nhi6rn' phii
ru gi6c chap hdnh ti6m phbng ba' f e biQn ph6p.tiet kiQm nhdt' higu qua nhat
c10 bao v6 srlc r.noe choddn uo.-daf u,ai itpnii ticm phdng c6c roai v6c xin
phdng c6c benh truydn nhiom theo quy dinh cua Ph6p l6nh Thri y vh hu6ng
clAn cua Chi cuc'fhri Y tinh'
Trenclaylihudngd6nk!thuQtchdnnuoibd.Trongqu6trinhthuchienniu c6 vdn dd gi cdn didu chinh,;d ;;;, ad"nghi c6c don ui thu* gia y kien
giri Sd N6ng nghigp vd PTNT ad'Jinn ,,iu, ud t-ung cho phr) hqp'i'VLAL
KT. GIAM P6C
Noi nhdn:fu(th\tchicn)
- Lanh dao Scr;
- Ltttt: V'l'. CN
a
- Phbng NN vA lylN'l'ciic huYOn;
- Phdng Kinh te'I'hi xd;
-'['rttng tim KhuYen n6ng;
-'l'r.rn! rem NC vir Pl'cN bb tinh;
O GIAM O6C
l4
phu bidu sd 01: MQT sd *riTIEU KINH TE KY THUAT cOn s0 HUONG THIT
s
STT C6c chiti6u DVT
ci{ns
Ving LaiSind RedSindhi Brahman
Bo c6i:
II I Uot 00n0 ouc tan oau thdng 12-17 17 -22 lv-Jl 20 -24
- J' ' J, -^'
I UOr Dal oau pnor grong thdng 1B IJ 34 25
Khcii luong phdi gidng ldn ddu kg > 200 > 230 > 250 > 279
tudi o6 trla ddu thang 28 33 44 35
Chu k!'d6ng duc ngay 21 tl 21 21
Thoi gian dOng duc ngey 1-2 1-2 t-z 1-2
Thoigian mang thai ngey 279 - 282 279 -282 279 - 282 283 - 288
Nhip d6 b.quan (khodng cAch giua 2 lua
d6)thang
nga)y
12-14 lz - l.+ 12-14 14
Thoi gian dOng duc lai sau d6 60-90 40-70
12-14
60-90 166
Thoi gian srl dung ndm tz- t+ 12-14 12-14
Khdi luong b0 so sinh kg 44tl
bJ
1B 22 25
Kh6i luong b0 6 thang tudi kg 90 100 137
13
14
Khdi luong bo caitrudng thdnh kg '160 - 182 300 498 450
T! lc thit x6 0//o 43 45 50 52
tl Bo tlttc
,|
I Khdi luono be so sinh Kg to 20 21 30
I Khdi luong b0 6 thang tudi Kg 72 110 120 144
3 Khdi luong bofr.lrudng thanh kg 250 - 280 350 544 bJU
4 T! le thit x6 % 44 55 52 5Bn
't'1Wtt-
STT C6c chiti6u DVT
Gidng
Charolaise Hereford Droughmaster
Bo c6i:
1 Iudi 0ong duc ldn ddu thang 21 21 21
I tudi nit ddu phoi giong thang t5 24 24
tudi06 tua ddu thang JJ 34 34
4 lcnu r,y dong duc ngayq.lzl 21 21
q Thdigian dOng duc ngey 4al-t t-z 1-2
6 Thoi gian mang thai ngey 283 285 284
IR
Nhip d6 binh quan (kho6ng cach gifia 2lua dd) thang 14 14 14
Thoi gian s0 dung nam 12-14 12-14 12-14
q
,1t
1l'1.)tt
i;
Khdi luong bO so sinh kg 30 28 22
Khdi luong be 6 thang tudi kg 272 212 148
Khdi luong be 12 thang tudi kg 380 320 239
Khdi luong bo trudng thanh kg 650 700 450
T'i 16 thit x6 % 60 60
ll Bd dUc:
1
I
Khdi luvng be so sinh kg 32 34 23
Khdi luong be 6 thang tudi kg 292 272 152
1
4
Khdiluong b0 12 thang tudi kg 400 380 244
Khdi luong bo trudng thanh kg 1 100 qn0
1?9
OUq T! le thit x6 0//0 60 70
)'t,^l
Phu bidu so 02: trlOr s6 cHiTtEu KrNH TE KY THUAr ctJA MOr s6 s0 NGoAt cAo sAN
HUoNG THIT
Phu bidu so 03: DINH IrIUC IIEU CHUAN DIEN TICH CHUONG NUOI BO
Nhom bo
chidu dai
cno dtfng(m)
Chidu rong
ctro ttrffrg
(m)
Di6n tich d(m2)
Di6n tichxiy duhg
(m2)
Bd duc gidng aL 1,8 3,6 b
Bo cai 1,8 I'l 2,2 J
Bd d6 z 1,5 J 5
B0 so sinh - 6 TT 1 0,9 0q 16
Bd duc, cai 7 - 18 TT lrl 1 I,t 2
Bo duc trdn 18 TT. bd v6 beo 1,5 - 1,6 1,0 - 1,1 1,5 - 1,76 2,4
Chudng cach ly bo dm Cdn tu 50/o - 10 % tdng di0n tfch chudng nu0i
Di0n tfch san choi doi.voi bo nu0i nhot Cdn tu 3 - 4 ldn di0n tich chudno nuOi
|./\ Il.'ta)'-\ /t ' It
J
phu bidu sd 04: NHU cAu D|NH DUONG vA pHdr Hqp KHAU AN 01 NGAY DeM ctJA B0 ouc cdNG LAt vA NGoAt.
Khoi
luqng
(kg)
Nhu ciu Phoi hop khdu phd'n (kg)
VCKI
(kg)
Ndng
luqngtrao ddi( Kcal)
Protein
tho(gam)
Ca
(gam)
P
(gam)
Tdng
khdi
luqng
thrlc in
Co voiC6 tdnhi6n
Keo dAu Rdm khoDiu
tddngC6m gao Trtlng ga Rimat
350 8,7 12500 1025::,12,9
20,1 n 6 5 1tl L
1 0.1
400
500
10 1 3750 1128 1n'1
11
4A 4z l,J 6 6 5,5 l,c i71 0.1
t/. 1 s000 lzJv 4AIT 24,8 8,5 AE t,c 0,7 1 0,1 n(
600 : 17750 '1456 16,8 tJ,z 28,4 10 b B 2 0,8 1 0.1 tt\
700 17 1 9250 1 579 10 R 14,7 30,4 11 B 0,8 1 0,1
800 19 20750 1702 23 to,J o 8 11AlrI 0,1 0.5
Ghi ch0: 0,1 kg trirng gd tuong duong 2 quAtrungTi!'1t
.tl
l'
Phr,r bidu sd 05: NHU cAu DINH DUoNG vA pH6r Hqp KHAU PHAN AN 01 NGAY DEM cHo stNH TRudNG ctJA ctdNc BO NOrTdng trong 0,3 kglngdy (7 - 12 theng tu6i); o,4kg/ngdy (13 - 1g theng tu6i)
Khdi lrrong
(kg)
Nhu cdu ftd
VCK(kg)
Neng ludng
trao ddi(Kcal)
Protein tho(gam)
Ca
(gam)P
(gam)
Tdns khdi
luong tht?c
inC6 tu nhi6n
Cdy ng6
non thin 16
C6 voi rl
chuaKeo ddu Rom kh6 B6t sin
60
100
latt
200
1,5
:it:7948
,?:r:
1 3367
1AA A
IJJ
284
R 4 q0,5 u,c 0,5
2,5
<x
q
tc q 10,8 b 0 II
1AIrU 0,8
A 10 0 1/r
1,0
Jlo 1B 10 th t 10 n I,V
)l!:t-
' ' ,", ', , 'phri rii6,., s6'06: NHU cArJ DINH Duolto vA ir''rdf r+.7p xi'iAu pttAu Atl o1 NGAY OEM cFa s!NH'TF.ii5ll3' '
cOn er6Nc e0 Nooal Hu6NG THlr ru z s€H tg rxANe ru6t(Tdng trong 0,6 kg/con/ngdY)
Khdi lrtong
(kg)
Hhu cdu
VCK
'(kg)
Ning lUdng
trao ddi
(Kcal)
Protein tho(gam)
Ca
(gam)
P
(gam)
Tdng khdi
lddng thtlcin
Ciy ng6 non
thin 16
C6 Ghi nA
TD 58 khoC6 voi Keo diu Bot sin Rom kho
q0
i[14A nlTrv
rlill,c
T
(J
1,?
I,U
f,i
o
;;'n'n
ll
::1{n
n6
;;"
;;;-:"
;;'
nq
1i
?t,9
2,0
7A 1R 61 68 263 6 +
100
120
ii'd
2,5 8060 298 I
3,0
3,8
e]!1.
10924
91?
349
16
;;to
1I.;o
tw 5,0 1 3555 ?q1 1B 10
phu bidu sd 7: NHU cAU DINH DUONG VA PH6l HqP KHAU AN 01 NGAY DEM
CHO BO NGOAI HUONG THIT TU 13 DEN 18 THANG TUOI
(Tang trgng 0,7 kg/con/ngdY)
Phdi hdp khdu phdn (kg)
Khdi luong(kg)
Nhu cdu
VCK(kg)
Ning lUdng
trao ddi
(Kcal)
Protein th6(gam)
Ca
(gam)
P
(gam)
Tdns khdi I
ldgng thrtc I C6 ghi n6-lant
Ciy ngo
di thu
bipRdm kho I eot sin
,tn
;;IU
1i1n
;;IU
L
;;J
;;.t
J,U
l,i1,9
?,?
1q
;.;;;z,v
193,0
250 6,3 16024 427 18 tz
;;19,?.17q
iq,9
19,?
20,5
199350
3,8 18372 455 z. l
8,8 20624 602 zt 16
400 10,0 22797 655 26 L+
2i450 I l,l 24902 707 26
I (t I ' ln
Phu bidu sd 09: NHU CAU DINH DUONG VA PH6I HOP KHAU PHAN AN 01 NGAY DEM cHo BO IIOI, eO LAI cHUR 3 THANG cUdI
Phu bidu sd 08: NHU cAu DINH DUoNG vA PH6 Hgp KHAU PHAN AN 01 NGAY DeM cHo BO NOt, BO LAt cHt:rA 6 THANG oAu.
Khdi ldong(kg)
Nhu c6'u Phdi hqp khdu phdn (ks)
VCK
(kg)
Ning lUdng
trao ddi(Kcal)
Protein tho(gam)
Ca
(gam)P
(gam)Tdng khdi ldgng
thfc in C6 tu nhi6nCdy ng6 non
than 16Rdm kh6 Bot sin
?:9
?99<ht I
rqg450
O'l991?
119?9
1?!1?.
13720
300 62 JU 14,5 10 2 2,0 NA
7,5 344 62 3B 16,6 10 4 2,0 0,6
9.'.q
19i9
11,3
199
426
62 ?e 17,0 10 ? 3,0 1,0
oz 3B 17,5 10 J 3,5 '1,0
15000 466 ol 3B 18,7 10 A.t 3,5 t/
Khdi lrrong(kg)
Nhu ci'u Phoi hop khdu phdn (kg)
VCK
(kg)
Ning ltldngtrao ddi( Kcal)
Protein tho(gam)
Ca
(gam)P
(gam)T6ng khoi lugng
thrlc in C6 tu nhi6nCdy ng6 non
thin 16Rdm kho tsoI san
??9
199
lt9
199
450
..9;?.aa
--;,;
lU,U
;;,;
19199
19:99
193?9
2?!0:.
24750
375 ov 42 146 1n 3,0 1q
419 69 42 1q q 10 1,0 3,0 , 1,5
191
l9l586
OY 42 47n IU 2,0 J,U I,U
bv 4t 18,0 IU z,v 3,5 2,s
bv 42 tv,c 10 3,5 3,5 2,5w
PhU bidU Sd lOlNHU,CAU DINH DUONG VA'Pfi6HqP KHAU PHAN N 01 NGAY DEM CHO BO MF NGOAI HU6NG THIT
d ud rY unne rHAr 6 rHANG oAu
Khdi lrrong(kg)
I
Nhu cdu Phdi hop khdu phdn (ks)
VCK
(tg)
Nang luqng
trao ttdi
(Kcal)
Protein tho(gam)
Ca
(gam)
P
(gam)
Tdng khoi lugngthrfc in
Ciy ngo dithu bip
C6 voi B6t san Rdm kh6
<ht I AR 12413 420 62 38 24,5 10 12 0,5 2
400 10,0 13720 461 ol {x 25,5 10 '13 tla 2
450 I I,J 14987 500 62 38 26,5 10 IJ 0,5 {
500 12,5 16224 6?O oz Jd 29,8 10 to 0,8 J
((n 13,8 17422 576 ol 33,8 10?9
20
0,8
600 15,0 18597 ott ol {x 34,0 '10 1,0 {
phr,rbidusdtl:NHUCAUOtNtt OudNe VApn6r XgprnAupnAruAuor NGAYoEMcHoB0MENcoat HudncrnSd rnd rv unuc rHA s rxANc cu6t
,tt'
'\ rt
' n
a
Phg bidu sd 12: NHU CAU DINH DUONG VA PH6I HqP KHAU PHAN AN 01 NGAY DEM cHo BO cAI NUOI coN (Bo NOI VA BO LAD
Khoi lrrong(kg)
Nhu ciu Phoi hop khdu ph6'n (kg)
VCK(kg)
Ning ludng
trao ddi(Kcal)
Protein tho(gam)
Ca
(gam)
P
(gam)
Tdng khoi
lUong tht?c
inC6 voi C6 tu nhien Keo d6u Rom kh6
250 aI 1 3092 7?!
801
49 <l 26 1? 10 I 1
300 AAvlT 13081 49 31 16 t{ 10 1
350.tnIU 14124 843 49 JI 30 15 1n
I\J
400 11 15130 BB4 49 31 32 17 10 1
A'450 42 161 04 923 49 JI 32 10
Fhu bidu sd 13; NHU cAu DINH DUONG vA pHdt Hge xHAu pnAn AH ot NGAY DEM cHo BO ME Ncoal HUONG TH|T
d THdr KY NUot cot
Khoi lrrdng
(kg)
Nhu c6'u Phoi hdp khdu ph6^n (kq)
VCK
(kg)
Nang ludng. -l'Irao dol
( Kcal)
Protein tho(gam)
Ca
(gam)
P
(gam)
Tdng khoi
lddng thr/c
inC6 voi C6 Ghi nO
C6y ngo dithu b6p
Keo diu Rdm kh6 Bot sin
T9
191
f9:99550
600
R7
199
I I,J
11:t9
19:91
1 9536
35,4 6 1alz 1 0,4
897 ?(0 IJ 6 lztA' ot
Ytl
giqq
EA ?AA o 4^IZ z tlh
0,;?,?2?!?l
21409
54 36,8 1? rr tt I
c4 ?7e 14 12 1 2 0,8
5,0 22313 988 54 2? 39,3 15 o 12 2,5 0,8
HuoNG nAx cAcu rINH KHAu pHAN AN cHo no
Dei cho bd sinh trubng ph6t tridn tdt, cham s6c nudi dudng ctra titng giai
doan til so sinh den truong thlnh, mang thai vh cho con bf. Chring ta phii x6c
dinh cluoc nhu cdu dinh dudng cdn cho bd dd phdi ho. p khdu dn cho tilng giai doan
chdm s6c nudi dudng, dAm bio ddy clu vd luong vd chdt girip cho bd kho6 manh,
c6 hiOu quA kinh te cao trong chin nu6i.
Can cf vdo nhfrng loai thfc [n hi6n c6 dd can ddi d6p fing3dc nhu cdu dinh
dudng vd n[ng luong, pi6tein, vat cht't kh6, v]r c6c thdnh phdn bd sung nhu can xi,
phdt pho, rnugie... vd cdn luu y yeu to vAt chdt kh6 (VCK) duoc t(nh bang tU 2,5 -
3,0 o/o khoi luong ctr thd.
Ciic budc thuc hi6n nhu sau:
Btdc 1: Xdc dinh c6c loai thf'c dn
Thric [n tho xanh; Thric in giiu d+rn; Thfc an giiu ning luong; Thrlc an bd
sung. D<i tien hinh phdi hop thir theo nguyOn t6c: Trudc het x6c dinh khoi luong
thric an md bd c6 thd in vd tiOu hoi{ ducrc trong mot ngdy d0m (rty le chodn til I0-12 Vo kho'i luong co thd) sau d6 dn dinh nhfrng loai thfc 6n c6 ti lC khdi luo.ng nh6
trong khdu phdn nhu, ri mAt, tinh b6t, thrlc an gidu d4m, tiep theo ld x6c dinh khdi
tuq.tg khdu phdn cdn lai cho nhfrng loai thrlc [n th6 xanh (t6'i thidu n€n c6 2 - 3
Ioai tht1c an ilfi xanlt).
Budc 2: CAn doi
So s6nh luong dinh dudng o khdu phdn da phdi hop thrl vdi bing nhu cdu
ad aidu chinh.
Neu thD'a hoic thieu Pr6t6in (Pr) phai didu chinh bang c6ch: Chon mot loai
rhfc an nhidu Prdtein (Pr) vd m6t loai th6'c an tho xanh it Prdt6in (Pr) dd di0u
chinh khoi luong hai loai trOn. Crich didu chinh nhu sau:
Dat khoi luong mot loai li X vh m6t loai ld Y ta c6: X+Y = Tdng khdi
luong cua hai loai trdn (rrong khdu phdn ph6'i hop thu).Ta c6 cdng thfc (1)
Tdng luong Pr6tein c6 trong hai loai thrlc [n X vd Y (X x lilortg prdt€in cd
trong0t kgr:tia loai thtir: drtX +Y xlLtdtlgprotein c6 trong0lkgt:ua loai th{tc dn
Y) phii bang luong Proteiir cira hai loai thri'c [n d6 trong khdu phdn phdi hgp thr]
cQng th€m hoac tril'bdt luong PrOtOin cdn didu chinh. Ta c6 cdng thfc (2)
Giii phuong trinh tren bang phuong ph6p thd ta xiic dinh dugc khdi luong hai
loai thfrc an X vd Y cho khdu phdn chfnh thfc trong khdu phdn. Luong PrOtOin s6
duoc didu chinh tudng duong theo nhu cdu,'sau d6 ta tinh cAn bang ndng lugng.
Neu rhira holc thidu ndng luong, ta chon hai loai thrlc an c6 ty l0 nlngluo. ng chenh l€ch cao nhung ti le PrOt€in (t chenh l6ch nhau trong nh6m thrlc an
tho xanh. Sau d6 didu chinh bang cdch, lay phdn thila hoac thieu ndng luo. ng trongkhdu phdn chia cho hiOu sd gi6 tri nang luong cua hai loai thric 6n trdn ta duoc
khdi luong cdn thOm vho hodc bdt di gifra hai loai thrlc an trOn, ndng luong sE
duoc didu chinh theo f muon. ' -\t4*l 2-
-
NHCNc odru cAu LUu VKHI su'DUNc cOruc rHUC pudl Hop rHuc AN
rfNu snn rRONG cAc pHU ndu nixn rnu cuA rAr lrpu NAy
Tu!' thuOc vio phuong thrlc chan nudi vi ngudn thrlc an (ch[n tha tu do;biin chan thii hoac nudi nhdt), cl.c cd so chdn nu6i CO ttrd thav thd cilc loai thrlc ancho phi hop theo hu6ng ddn sau:
l. Nhfrng ho chan nuoi c6 didu ki0n chdn the dd tAn dung cdc ngudn co runhien, trong m6t ngiy vdi thdi gian chan thA 5 den 6 gid 1 ron bd c6 thd thu nhAnkhoAng l0 kg c6 tu nhiOn. Trong clidu kiOn ngudn .6 tu nhien c6 ndng suar caohcrn; thap hon hoac nudi nhot hodn todn thi c6 thd quy ddi 1 kg c6 tu nhion tudngfuong v(vi 0,8 kg thric dn u xanh; I kg co Ghi ne; l,l kg co voi; hoac 1,3 kg than15, cdy ng6 non tu<ri.
2- D6i vivi chan nu6i bO dudi 12 thing tudi: Nhu cdu c6 kh6 trong khduphdn ld cdn thiit de hoin thi0n su phiit tridn cua cla c6, vi vAy cdn c6 ke hoachphoi du trf ct! kh6, hodc thAn lii cAy ngo non kh6, khong nen ihuy the luo. ng rom.c6 khd niry bang thri'c an tuoi xanh khdc.
3' Ddi vdi bd sinh siln trong thdi kj' c6 chu'a, khdng su'dung thrlc an u chuavi fi urO.
4. Ddi vtli bir clin su'dung khdu phdn c6 ty l0 clam cao (bd duc giong; bd c6isinh siin giai doan nuoi con). lrong khdu phdn c6 bo tr( ty 16 nhat dinh than 16 cdykeo diu neu trudng hgp kh6ng c6 keo rlau thi c6 thay tng in"o tyi ie cr 1 kg keodQu thi thay blng I kg cay lac than lii hoac 1,5 kg than ta d6 tuong (rthun{ kho1luong toi dcr klting clud 6 kg cho I ngdy d€m).
5. Ddi vdi thf'c f,n vi luo. ng: Can xi, phdt pho, mudi 6n.... sii dung br{nh dinhdudng (tting liem) cho bd liem an tu do hing ngey.
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