KPAZI, AAAI KAI IIOPOYPA. MAPTYPIEC TIA T E WATCKIKEC. MTHPIOTHTEC.

XTHN APXAlA MYKAAA

ETAIPEIA AEYKAAIKRN MEAETRN

Z ' H A N I O N I O CYNEAPIO AEYKAAA, 26-30 MAIOY 2002

r I P A K T I K A T O M O E B '

AEYTEPO TMHMA

0 XRPOC KAI TA AHMOTPAOIKA MOPQRMATA.

01 KYPIOI CYNTEAECTEC THC OIKONOMIAC

AOHNA 2004

KPACI, AAAI KAI IIOPQYPA. MAPTYPIEC TIA TIC IIAPATRTIKEC APACTHPIOTHTEC

CTHN APXAIA AEYKAAA

H sy~azaozaoq Koptveiov ano i~ov ozq pop&toavazoht~.il a~T.i( zqq A E U K ~ - Faq EvtaooE~at GtqV a7CotKtoKpa~tK.i( K O ~ L T L K ~ ~ ZqS E ~ P O O T ~ S KaTh TOV 70 x.X. at. Kopiveou, o ~ y v oxoia axo6i6~tat iva &up6 xhiypa axo t~ thv ~ a ~ a pfi~oq ~ o v ~ K Z G V ZOU Ioviou. Zzouq oto~ouq TOO axotctopo6 n~pthappav6- zav q ~nihuoq TOU ~ L E G T I K O ~ xpoPh(pa~oq TOU aueqpivou aptepolj a ~ t q p o - vov tqq Kopiveou, p~ tqv npoocpopa ~ahhtepy.i(otpqq yqq o ~ y axot~isq. H 0ioy rcou E X L ~ ~ X ~ ~ K E yta zqv aviFpuoq tqq 7~6hqq zqq A E U K ~ F ~ ~ I E S U ~ C ~ ~ E - z o 6 o ~ xpaypazt auzo TO mono, ~a0Gq q n~Stv.i( i ~ z a o q xou mptipahhc: T O

zs t~topivo a o ~ u , P6psta Kat vozta2, ~{aocpahtcs zqv avay~aia, &nap#.i( ah- ht~pyfiotpq yq yta zo v60 nhqOuop6.

Ot avacpsp6psv~q ozq AEuKa6a apxaieq xqyiq SEV 8ta~h<ouv paptupisq

1. '0aoq sivat yvoar6, q apxaia a6hq ~ ~ r s t v 6 r a v o r y ahaytiq Kat rouq np6ao6~q TOV

h6cpou Kobhpou, ye.ca&b t o v obyxpovov o t ~ ~ o y h v Kahhtyoviou Kat Kapuorhv, Kat XE- ptp6hovrav an6 a p ~ e z a ~ ~ r s r a p i v q 71~8168a apoq ra pbp~ta, Kat ra ~6216 zou. Tta rqv apxaia n6hq ph. M . Fiedler, ccZur Topographie der Polis Leukas)), aro P. Berktold, J . Schmid, Chr. Wacker (eds.), Akarnanien, eine Landschaft im natiken Griechenland, Wurzburg 1996, l i r p a ~ ~ z ~ a A' ~vpnooiov Eta~pei'ac A E V K ~ I K ~ V M ~ l ~ t h v , c. 157-168. A. Nrohrouyhq, ccNE~poracpsia apxaiaq Asu~kGaq)), 01 lirpwr~6ovo~~ tvc Aevic&ac. Apxaia A E U K ~ S - Ntjp~~oc, KUUZPO A y i q Ma6pa~. Apa t f~ l j ( A s v ~ S a 6-8 Aoyo6a.rou 1999), AB-jva 2001,45-84. T. n h t a ~ o u , ctH apxaia n6hq A E U K ~ ~ . T O aoru Kat q suphr~pq nsptoxt TOU)), 01 Rpww6ova~c zvc AEo~cisac, 6 . q o. 21-43 I . AvGpiou, cclloheo6opt~a r q ~ apxaiaq AEU- ~dl80<)), Ad53 (1998), A' Mshirsq, 147-185.

2. H i6ta ns6ta6a oro BA ry t ya .sou vqoto6 anor iheo~ oqpavrtat napayoytcfi as- pt0x-j o x ~ 6 6 v iq ro rihoq rou 2006 athva. T o psyahbzepo pip05 rqq xah6azamt an6 ~i.athva, EVO ot s ~ r a c s q rqq avazohtcfiq alczqq GtaoOrouv TO ebyhorro roaovbyto ( (ns- p1p6hta)).

yta ztq napayoyt~iq Spaozqpt6zqzsq Kat ea aypozt~h npo'i6vza zov A E ~ K ~ - Siwv, os avzi0soq pe ahheq n ~ p t o ~ h q yta z15 onoisq unapxst xho6zoq nhqpo- cpopthv3. 0 t pova6tKkq avacpophq yvqyov~bouv TO h su~a6 i r t~o oivo Kat ana- vro6v ozov lIhivtoJ ~aerA5 at ozo kpyo zou AOjvatou, A~znvoaoyiozai~. Qoeooo, ot a v a o ~ a c p t ~ i ~ ipsuveq nou ~ u p i o ~ za z~hsuzaia xpovta npaypa- zonotljeq~av ozqv E K T ~ ~ ZOV Z E ~ X ~ V n ~ p t o x j zqq apxaiaq nohqq, ano~bhu- yav ouy~pozjpaza ayportchv sy~azaozaoswv nou npoocpkpouv o z o t ~ ~ i a yta rtq a y p o n ~ i q napayoyt~kq Fpaozqpt6zqzsq ozqv ap~a ia A&uK&Sa, Ka- ~ ~ ~ T O V T U ~ ~ K C ~ V O ~ C O ~ ~ Z ~ K ~ 70 K E V ~ TOV C ~ ~ X C ~ ~ O V pap~upthv.

To KahoKaipt zou 2000, ot spyaoisq TOU 6ljpou A ~ u ~ b 6 a q yta zq Stapopcpo- oq zqq 0606 @thooocpov, GE anoozaoq n~pinou 2 ~lhtoykzpov an6 zqv ap- ~ a i a n6hq at a~ptphq oztq xapucpi~ zou Pop~tou vs~potacpeiou zqq, oza0q- Kav acpopplj yta zqv ano~bhuyrq ap~aiwv o t ~ o S o y t ~ h v hstykvwv nou &cap- xjq cpavq~s 6zt ~azahCLpPavav p&y&hq iKzaoq6.

H 0665 @thooocpov, nou6tazph~et zov f l~vezt~6 shathva oza vbrta opta z q ~ oljyxpovqq n6hqq, unl jp~s oq Sp6poq y~ zqv i6ta yahtoza ovoyaoia 4Sq an6 rtq a p ~ i q zou 19ou at., acpo6 T O 1826 o rkhhoq xp6c~voq Pouqueville zqv avacpkpst, wq alld de Philosophes7. Tqv i6ta nspinou X E P ~ O X ~ ~ TOU ~hathva cpaivszat 671 ~ a z a zqv apxat6zqza Gttoxt<s enipq~eq npoz~ixtopa, nou npo- .

3. TO nhqotiorepo Y E O Y P ~ ( P ~ K ~ napa6e1ypa anozehsi ?l Y E ~ T O V L K ~ ~ P K U P ~ , 0 7T&~i- cpqloq oivoq rqq onoiaq avacpipera~ t 6q orqv Odbmx~a yta va pvqpov~uOsi exioqq Ka1 ax6 TO @ou~u6i6q, zov ~evoqhvza , tov A0fivaio- ph. ~ X E Z I K ~ A. Koup~oupihqq, ctTa ap- xaia K E ~ ~ E V ~ o< paoq ptaq nphrqq npociyytoqq rq< ayportxilq e ~ p ~ ~ a h h e u o q q orqv K i p ~ u p a ~ a r a rouq 50 Kat 40 athvsq)), P. N. Doukellis -L. G. Mendoni (eds.), Structures Rurules et Sociktks Antiques (Actes du colloque du Corjou 14-16 mai 1992), llapiot 1994, o. 237-241.

4. Pliny, NH 14.76. 5. ABqvato~, I.33P. 6. I61aizepeq euxap~orisq ocpaihovzat ozqv apxatohoyo K. Euayyehia Mxo6~a , q

oxoia ouvipaha za yiyioza h e r s va ip0et DE xipaq q ~ ~ r e z a p i v q avao~acpttcil ipsuva. T a oxi6ta rq< anozGnooqq zov apxaiov hs~ykvov oqeihovrat ozov apxtzi~zova Axth- h i a TpavouhiFq Kat 70 oxe6~aorfi N i ~ o Bayeva, nou epyaorqaav enioqq ps < iho Kat ~ ~ 7 6 5 apapiov. xzqv avao~acpfi ouppereixav a ~ 6 p q 01 ap~atoh6yot A. Hsraha, E. Co6- ha KUI r. N i ~ a Ka@hq Kat ot ybvtpo~ &pyarozs~vir&< rqq Ecpopeiaq Z. Zapt~ohvo<, A. Ko- vt6apqq Kat Cn. Khzoqq. H a v a m a q t ~ q ipeuva ~pqpazo6oz-j0q~e an6 zo 64po AEUK&- ,

Fa<, 0 onoioq K a t E ~ X E TqV E U @ ~ ) V ~ 'Cqq 6tanha~uvoqq Tq< 0806 @ ~ ~ o ~ o ( P ( o v . 7. F.C.L. Pouqueville, Voyage de la Gr2ce, tome quatribme, napiot 1826, o. 300.

KPAZI , AAAI KAI TIOPOYPA 49

~ T ~ ~ T E U E zqv 6natepo xhpa zqq apxaia~ A ~ u ~ a 6 a q ~ a @ h q Kat kvu ~ E ~ T E ~ O ht- pavt zqq nou ntOav6v u n i p x ~ GZOV 6pp0 zqq @hiPaq. To npoe~ixtopa, nou ~ v T ~ ~ o v E ~ E ~ Kal ~ & p t y p ~ ( p & t ~ ~ K E T U ~ E ~ C T O J I E P ~ < 0 A"/yhoq ?T&~tllyq~q< Goodiss~n,~ ahha Kat ans~~ovi<szat o& ayyh t~o xapzq ~ o v apxhv ~ o u 19ou athva, avap kvap E va ~v~oniooupc ~ a z 6 ztq epyaoieq 6tapopcpooqq ~ q q o6y- xpovqq 0606 @thooocpov, pari p~ ~ a n o t a apxaia 066 ozo E O W Z E P ~ K ~ TOU, nou 0a oFqyo6o~ an6 zqv n6hq npoq TO htpkvt.

T a EupfipaTa 6 p o ~ ~ ~ C O ~ E ~ X T ? ~ K E 6 ~ t ~ E ~ E ~ V O ~ O C I V KU@E npoo60~ia: 20 p6hy &~azoozh ~ k z w an6 zo cpuot~6 SGacpoq, ~ a t k pq~oq zqq un6 6tap6pcpo- oq 0606 E K T E ~ V ~ T C X V 6ta60xtKk K'TtptaK6 OyKpo~f lpa~a ROu q 0 6 ~ ~ TOU5, GE

ap~e.cfl axoozuoq an6 TO z~tx topivo zpqpa zqq apxaiaq n6hq5, o s ouv6ua- op6 ps za ~upqpaza Kat ztq ~ u z a o ~ c u i q nou ano~ah6(p0q~av ozouq xhpouq zouq, 6sv acpqvav ~ a p i a apcptflohia 6zt E ~ ~ ~ K E L Z O yta ~y~azaoz61ostq aypot- K I ~ V . 'Eva E K ' C E ' C ~ ~ ~ V O K T L P ~ C ~ K ~ ( T U Y K P O ' C ~ ~ C ~ C ~ ? T O K ~ ~ ~ ( + ~ @ T ] K E 070 'Tptpa TTlq 0606 nou 6tipxEzat itu ax0 zov ~ o i x o n~piqpakqq zou ~otpqzqpiou zqq A&uKa6aq, E V ~ aK6pq K ~ i p t 0 f l p e & oT0 (pa< 700 p. 6utt~6r&pa, OTq OUp-

flohq zov oFhv @thoo6cpov Kat nscpavspopivqq. Kat m a 660 ~ z i p t a Gtant- o z h e q ~ a v ~nahhqhaq o t~060pt~kq ( ~ C L C E L ~ Kat ~ n t o ~ ~ u i q xou papzup06v zq 6ia60xtKfl xpfloq zouq an6 zov 40 at. n.X. iwq zov 30 at. p.X., p~ KaMzEpa 6tazqpqpivsq auziq zov pwpa'i~hv xp6vwv.

H napayoyq zou ~haiou, ~haxtoza 6tantozopivq p i x p t oztypflq ozo vqoi9,

8. W. Goodisson, A historical and Topographical Essay upon the Islands of Corjiu, Leucudia, Cephalonia, Ithaka and Zunte, London 1822, o. 92. Tta ~q 06oq ~ o u nporetxi- oparoq o ~ o v ayyhuc6 x a p ~ q ph. T. l l h t a ~ o u , ctH apxaia n6hq A&ura<. To aozu Kat q su- P ~ Z E P ~ K E P ~ O X ~ ~ TOU)), b . ~ . , D. 37, OX. 1.

9. To vqoi rqq Asu~ErSaq ~ i v a t Sthoxapro an6 yspovopCvouq apxaiouq nbpyouq, noh- hoi an6 zouq onoiouq anorsho6oav oxupiq aypol~isq. C ~ q v ~ a h 6 ~ s p a GtaTqpqpivq an6 auziq, o ~ q v n~ptoxf i ~ q q ~ 0 1 ~ 6 t q t a q IIi)pou, p p i e q ~ a v 660 K U K ~ I K ~ S hiotvsq Pdltrst~ OU-

paieoqq K a t xha~oorpopivo 8d1ns80, nou b u o ~ s ~ i o e q ~ a v p& rqv napaymyfi ha8toi). ph. D X E T ~ K ~ S. Morris, ((The towers of ancient Leukas. Results of a topographic survey, 1991- 1992~, Hesperiu 70 (2001), 299.

A E K ~ V ~ o6vOhtyqq rou shato~hpnou (trapetum) P p i o ~ s ~ a t orqv xe61aSa r q ~ Baotht- ~ f i q , K O V T ~ o ~ q v apxaia a y p o l ~ i a OTO hocpo ccllupyi)), an6 ~ q v oaoia npocpavhq npoipxs- Tat. Tta T ~ V nsptoxfi tqq apxaiaq A&u~&6aq, rqv ~ a h h t i p y s t a Kau snsT;spyaoia zqq &kt65 paprupsi snioqq hiOtvq h s ~ a v q o6vOht~qq (trapetum) nou Pp6Oq~e oro hbcpo .sou Ko6h- pou, ozqv svr65 TWV T E ~ X ~ V nsptoxfi, xmpiq 0 0 ~ 6 0 0 va sivat p6patq q apx1c-j ~ q q 06oq (ofipspa ozo Apxatohoytc6 Mouosio Asu~aFaq).

papzup~izat Kat oza Fljo ouy~pozfipaza zqq 0600 cDthooocpov p~ zqv a n o ~ a - huyrq ~y~azaoz&oeov ~hatont~ozqpiwv.

Xhpoq ~ n e c ~ p y a o i a ~ zou ~hato~r ipnou E V Z O X ~ ~ Z ~ K E ~ a z a p ~ f l v ozo ava- ~0htK0zEp0 an6 za ~ z t p t a ~ k ouy~pozflpaza, a ~ p t p h q anivavzt an6 TO oqp&- p~v6 ~otpqefipto (ELK. I), ahhdl at o & anooeaoq hiywv pizpov an6 za opta zou P6p~tou a p ~ a i o u v~~potacpeiou, TO onoio Gti;o~t<s apxaioq Fp6po~, p~ ~ a z ~ 6 8 u v o q popEtoFuzt~a- voztoavazoht~a~~. H 67capkq z q ~ a p ~ a i a q 0606 cpaiv~zat 6.c~ hf icpeq~~ unoyq ~ a z h zqv ~nthoyfi zqq 0 i o q ~ zqq popa'i~flq U Y P O L K ~ C ~ ~ - ~ T P o ( P o ~ v ~ < K i l t TOV ~ C ~ O ~ E V ~ ~ T E ~ O V GZO i610 O T ] ~ E ~ O - 01 07~0iEq ~ z i o 0 q ~ a v ~ a z a pf i~oq zqq, xwpiq va zqv ~azapyfloouv.

Ot 660 v&6z&p&q at x h q p i o t ~ p a Ftazqpqpiv~q o t ~ 0 6 0 p t ~ i q (pdlo~tq TOU

K'Ttpi0~ X ~ O V O ~ O ~ O ~ V T ~ L ozouq popa'i~o6q X ~ ~ V O U S (105 at. ~ . X . - p h a 30u at. p.X.), xwpiq peydrhq ~ p o v t ~ f l axoozaoq p~zak6 zouq. Kaza zqv zshsuzaia popa'iafi cpaoq (ox. l), ot op0oyhvtot ~ h p o t Ftazuooovzat o~ x z i p u y ~ ~ yljpo an6 K E V T P ~ K ~ ~ ~up6xwpq auhfl p~ xqy68t Kat ot z o i ~ o t ~zyovza t nhiov p~ onzonhtvOo6opfi ~ a z k TO oljozqpa opus testaceum, opus reticulatum, .il opus mixtum. Czqv ava~0htKfi nzipuya zou ~ztpiou o s ~ h p o Ftaozaoewv 9x1 1 p. (EIK. 2), ~ v z o ~ i o z q ~ a v a v z t ~ ~ i p ~ v a nou unoF~t~vOouv pe P~pat6zqza &pya- ~ ~ l l p t ~ l ~ f i xpfioq. C U Y K E K ~ ~ ~ ~ V ~ , Fixha ozo P ~ ~ E L O zoixo zou xhpou anoKa- h6cpBq~~ TO p ~ y a h 6 ~ s p o ~ p f i p a hi0tvqq K U K ~ L K ~ ~ S Paoqq o u p n i ~ o q ~ (Ftapi- zpou n~pinou 1,30 p.), p ~ z a ~ ~ v q p i v q q an6 zqv a p ~ t ~ f i zqq 0ioq (ELK. 3). CE p1~pfi an6ozaoq, n p o ~ TO ~ i v z p o zou xhpou, P p i 0 q ~ ~ in situ hie~vo ~ ~ X L T E -

K Z O V ~ K ~ pih05 p& 660 op00yhvto~q ~ 6 p p 0 g o ~ q v &vo ~ntcphveta zou, nou ~

anoz iheo~ o& 6 ~ l j z ~ p q xpfioq op0oyhvta aopsozoh t~ t~f i pboq (0,60~0,70 p.) at Sinha TOU ptwpo Opa6opa an6 zqv npoavacpspop~vq phoq oupnisoqq (EIK. 4). Czq ~0~tCtVCL~0htKfi ywvia zou Fopaziou Stapopcphvezat p~ zqv xpo- 08fiKq ptKp06 Eo~~EptK06 7 0 i ~ 0 ~ 6Va~ ~ U K ~ ~ G T E V O S ~ ~ ~ K o ~ T ~ C O ~ ~ V O ~ ~ h - poq, nhazouq 2 n&pinou p i ~ p o v (ELK. 2, ox. 2). TO 867~~66 TOU, C ~ K O T E ~ O ~ ~ E V O

an6 aop~ozoh te t~ iq n h ~ i ~ ~ q at ~ ~ X L T E K T O V ~ K ~ ~ pihq oe G~6zepq ~ p f l o q , na- pouotk<~t ~hacppc? Khioq n p o ~ Fuopuq". E ~ O T E ~ L K I ~ zou zoixou nou 0 ~ 1 0 0 ~ - z&i TOV nha~oozpwpivo ~ h p o , ~cpdlnz~zat G X E ~ ~ V ~ztozf i op~oyhvta puoq an6 ~ n a h h q h ~ q o ~ t p i q nhiv0ov o u v 6 ~ 6 ~ y i v o v ps ~ov iapa . Ta 6~6op iva au- za, Kupi0.l~ q hEKhvq o 6 ~ 6 h ~ y q ~ , 08qy0ljv GTqV Z U ~ Z ~ ( T ~ TOU X ~ P O U 0s EL&-

ozq piou. CE nohhiq neptnzhoey ~vzontoyolj ap~a iwv nt~ozqpiov o~ oho~hqpo

10. K. Z k o ~ , Ad 47 (1992), B' 1,281 ( 0 1 ~ 6 7 ~ ~ 8 0 Ex. K O U V L ~ K ~ ) . 11. napoyoto KaL i6twv x s p i x o ~ G~aoraoewv 6axs60 O p i @ q ~ & orqv apxaiu aypoucia

rov n6pov Kat spyqvs601las xcbpo~ xposrotyaoia rov ~ h a ~ o ~ a p x o v yta o b ~ @ ? ~ ~ y q fi hqvoq. Bh. S. Morris, ((The towers of ancient Leukas. Results of a topographic survey, 1991-1992)), d.a, o. 299,308, fig. 30.

KPAXI, AAAI KAI IIOPQYPA 5 1

TO ~ E C T O ~ E ~ ~ K O X ~ P O , T E ~ E ~ TO E ~ h ~ q p a G X E ' C L K ~ pE TO I C P O ' ~ ~ V 7tapayU- yfiq: oivoq il ihatov; Ecpooov q StaSt~aoia zqq oupnieoqq Kat yta za 660 n po'i6vza EV p i p 1 zauzy ezat, n p o ~ ~ t p i v o u va axo~acpqvtoz~i o x a p a ~ z q - paq ptaq ~y~azaozaoqq nteozqpiou ~ i v a t anapaizqzq q nhqpqq ano~ahuyq zou ~ ~ o n h t o p 0 6 TOO, E tS t~6z~pa phhtoza yta zqv za6ztoq ~hatontsozqpiou ~ X E L ~ E O P T ) ~ E ~ c ~ ~ c ( Y P c ~ ~ z ~ T ? ~ ll ~ v E ~ P E C T T ~ TOU E c 0 ~ h t ~ p 0 6 0 6 ~ 0 h l y l l ~ KCYOhq Kat ZOU ~(oxhtop06 6taxoptop06 zou v ~ p 0 6 an6 zo ha6t1*. To %LO paoavt- o z t ~ 6 ephzq pa 6ev €la E ~ X E K a t otqv n~pinzoofi pa< anavrqesi, ~ a z a ~ u z u ~ f i ouy~upia 6 p o ~ o s x a p a ~ ~ i p ~ v o Sopazto zou ~ztpiou p p i e q ~ a v ouoocopsu- pivot axavo palcop ivot ha to nu pfiveq nou SEV acpqvouv apcptpohia y ta zqv za6ztoq zou ~ h p o u oq ~hatozptp~iou.

Kaza ouvixsta, o xcoptoza Gtayopcpwpivoq xhpoq p~ zo ~hacppa ~ ~ ~ k t p i - vo nha~6ozpozo Sans60, e v s ~ ~ o p i v o q anozchei TO xhpo zqq o6vOhtyqq, ~aOhq q 6taSt~aoia o6vOhtyqq zou ehato~apxou ye hietvo ~ u h w S p t ~ 6 ona- ozq pa ~ x a v o (TE X ~ ~ K O ~ T ~ O ~ ~ V O Sax~So ~ E V ~ i v a t kyvooeq o~ apxaia &hat- ozptpeia". A~ptphq i c w ax6 zo zip to pahtoza p p i 0 q ~ e hietvoq ~6htvGpoq ( E ~ K . 5, ox. 2), o onoioq Oa pnop06o~ va zauztozei pe To oxao~fipa o6vOht- y q ~ Ezqv un6O~oq uuzfi paq oSfiyqo~ ~ntnhiov q anouoia trapetum, zou yvwozoz~pou FqhaFfi z6nou zptfi~iou ~ h t h v nou ~pcpavirszat an6 rov 40 n.X. at. Kat ent~pazei ~ a z a zq popa'i~fi EXOX$. En~tFfi 6poq q anouoia TOU

trapetum ax6 TO ouy~p6tqpa zqq 0606 cDthoo6cpov pnopsi va ocpsiherut us psza~ivqoq zou p ~ z a zqv Ey~azahstyq zou xhpou, yta va cavaxpqotponot- q e ~ i , E V ~ ~ n i ~ q q SEV a x o ~ h e i ~ z a t va f i p i o ~ ~ t a t ozouq x h p o u ~ TOU ~ztp iou nou SEV ~ X O U V axo~ahucpe~i KUTO ax6 tqv ucptozap~vq 066 cDthoo6(pwv fi ozo Stnhav6 ehathva, q ~ppqveia zou tpoxou o6vOhtyqq napapivst un6 ou- j f i q o ~ l . ZE x~pixzooq nou SEV ouox~drszat p~ t q o6vehtyq, ozo S&neSo ytvozav xteavozaza q nposzotpaoia zou ~ a p n o 6 , o onoioq nptv an6 zo &he- opa x~pvoljos an6 Stacpopa ozkSta e x ~ t ~ p y a o i a q .

Evh TO S&nsFo avztnpoooxs6et TO a' ozbSto ~n~eepyao iaq z q ~ ~htuq ( ~ i - T E n p 6 ~ ~ t z a t yta zqv nposzotpaoia zqq E ~ T E yta zq o6vOhtyq TOU ~apnob), TO

6 ~ 6 z ~ p 0 oz66t0 zqq oupni~oqq zou ~hatonohzo6 yta zqv napayoyfi ~ha iou avttnpooone6~t zo zpqpa zqq ~ u ~ h t ~ f i q Puoqq. H paoq cpip~t n s p t p ~ z p t ~ k

12. L. Foxhall, ((Oil extraction and Processing equipment in classical Greece)), BCH Suppl. XXVI (1993), 183. J.P. Brun, ((Discrimination entre les installations olCicoles et vinicoles)), BCH Suppl. XXVI (1993), 51 1-537.

13. S. Hadjisawas, Olive oil processing in Cyprusfrom the Bronze uge to the Bj~zontine period, Nicosia 1992, o. 7-8. C. XazcqoaPPa~, ((H z ~ ~ v o h o y i a rqq peza.rpon+ zou &hato- aupnou o s shat6haFo K U T ~ zqv ap~atozqza ozqv K61tpo)), Ei,ld K a i Ah%. A' Tpujpepo Epyaaiaq (Kahaph~a 7-9 Maiou 1993), nohtzlozt~t) i8pupa ETBA, ABqva 1996, o. 65. Lin Foxhall, 6.n., o. 192, 193. J.P. Brun, 6.n., o. 519-520.

K U K ~ ~ K O auha~opa xou Ba K ~ T ~ ~ T ~ Y E os E K ~ O ~ ' ~ . CE auzqv zoxo0sz06~za~ G E

zooupahta o shatoxohz6q at ps ~ q v a o ~ q o q nisoqq (ps pox16 Kat Papq 4 Koxhia) ~Say6zav TO uyp6 xpol6v nou ax6 TO oz6pto s~poqq zqq pkoqq xu- v6zav G& Et8tKk 60xsia ~ E ~ Q ~ E V ~ S . %VC~ hietvo K O V ~ K ~ 60xsio (~tK.6) x0U ppSBq~s ~ a z k zqv a p x t ~ q Ftapop(~ooq ~ q q 0606 6x1 ~ a e a ~ h p a v , 0a pxo- p 0 6 ~ & Va E S U ~ C ~ P E T E ~ YtCl Tq O U Y K ~ V T P O O ? ~ TOU ~ y ~ 0 6 Kat svFsxopSvoq COG

Fox~io Ftaxoptopo61s. H hs~civq Sxpsxs va ppio~szat os uxepuyropivq pa- oq Kat KOVT& G E zoixo, G E E G O X ~ zou oxoiou ozsp~ov6zav q opt(6vzta 60- ~ 6 q zou poxho6, sivat s xop i v~q 8uvazov va sGpa(ovzav ozqv ~ z t o z q Paoq, Fixha ozov E ~ O T E ~ L K ~ zoixo TOU x h a ~ o o z p o p ~ ~ o u xhpou. TO op00yhvto ~ 1 ( ~ ~ & ( ~ 7 0 h t ~ t K 6 pkh0~ 8a 7Cp67C~t VCt ~ X O T E ~ O ~ O E Tll paor( TOU ?'Lt&o~llpiOu, sxavo orqv oxoia ozqpt(6zav q 8 0 ~ 6 ~ ZOU poxhorj Kat ~phpovzav za papq.

A~ptPhq P6psta zou xhpou zou shatoxt~ozqpiou pptmozav ot axo0?j~sq zou ha6106. Zzo xsptoptoySvo Fuozuxhq ~pqpa zou xou a v a o ~ a q q ~ s -~a0hq pptci~6~av o ~ o opto ~ q q nsptoxqq rou Spyou- PpSBq~av ozq 080q zovq 660 psycihot axo0q~suru~oi ~ i e o t ( E ~ K . 2,7, 8, ox. 2) zov ozoiov ooc6tav p6vo zo xapqh6zspo zpqpa, ouy~ohhqyivot ps poh6PFtvouq ouv66opouq. 01 ni- 8ot -xptv ax6 zq Bpa6oq zouq f i iooq Kat p s ~ a ax6 rqv sxavaouy~6hhqot ~ouq- 8a Fsx6zav zo npoq axo01'l~suoq h6Ft xou napay6zav 0 x 0 xapa~sipe- vo ~hatox t soz~pto l~ . TShoq, nepixou 100 shatoxup.ilvsql', a~kpatot 4 Bpau- opSvot, PpSBq~av 070 vo~t6zspo axb zouq xhpouq zqq avaroht~flq xzSpuyaq xou ~ & p t ~ h a ~ & q avao~acpq pSoa 0 s x u ~ v 6 ozphpa ~azaozpocpqq ps Svzova ixvq ~acoqq , pari pe opa6a xohfiztpov ~ K E U O V , 6x05 860 X ~ ~ K L V O L huxvo: orkzeq, xah~tvoq h6xvoq at xith~tvo ayahpitzto. 0 h6yo5 rqq ouy~Svzpo- oqq zov xoh6ztpov avzt~stp Svov xapay Sve~ a6tsu~pivto~oq svh ~ i v a t stat-

14. C. XazjqoirflPaq, 6.n., o. 65. 15.lTap6pota hi0tva 6 0 ~ o i a an6 rqv Krjnpo. Bh. O X E T I K ~ S. Hadjisawas, d.n., o. 80,

fig. 150. 16. H rjnaptq a n o 0 q ~ e u r t ~ h v ni0ov o a p~yhhouq ano0qwsur1~oi,g ~ h p o u ~ ouv66ezat

kpooa yo rqv napayoyfi habtoi, Kat oivou. Bh. o x o r t ~ a , J. P. Brun, ctL' olkiculture et la viticulture antiques en Gaule)), BCH Suppl. XXVI (1993), 319-320, 324-325..rou i6~ou. ((Discrimination entre les istallations olCicoles et vinicoles)), d . ~ . , o. 532-534.llap6potot ni- 001 ouy~ohh~lp tvo t Bxouv Pps0oi Kat o s aypot~iag r q ~ n~ptoxfiq rqq narpaq, ph. M. no- zp6nouhoq, ctAypoucieq nazpaY~fi~)) , P. Doukelli -L. Mendoni, (eds.), Structures Rurales et SociPtPs ..., 6.n., o. 414.

17. Aeiyya rov shatonupfivov six& rqv suyivota ye Swfi zou npwropouhia va ~ S s t a - ost o yswx6voq K. Mn. A&(apqq, o onoioq e&ppaos zqv anoyq 6zt avf i~ouv orqv i6ta x o t ~ t h i a e h l a ~ nou athv&< apyoz~pa ent66rqaav K a t ouo~qyaronoiqoav rqv ~ a h h t t p - yst6 rqq a r o vqoi ot Bsvetoi. Tta z qv ~ a h h t i p y s t a rqq shthq ax6 zovq Bsvororjq ph. T. llhoupi6qq, ctNauzthia Kat spn6pto ozqv A s u ~ a F a (1783, 1818))), A d h v q 13 (1984), 399- 410, tbtairspa 405.

K P . U I . AAAI KAI HOPQYPA 53

P E T ~ K ~ ~ U G V ~ ~ T T ~ Tl (~~~67C~1pcq ZOV C ~ ~ C ~ V ~ P C ~ K O ~ ~ V C O V K C I ~ ~ X ~ V Ehtdl5." 0 ~ ~ O T E X V ~ K ~ ~ ~ a p a ~ t f i p a q zou o u y ~ s ~ p t p i v o u xhpou papzup~irat i p p - KU1 UKO C ~ ~ X L ' C E K ~ O V ~ K ~ ~ ~70txEia TOu K'Ctpiou (OX. 1). CuvfieO5 Ta &hato-

xt~ozfipta c(phinouv)) oe avotxtfi auhfil" o t o t ~ c i o nou ouvavro6p~ Kat orq 6txfi pa5 xepinzooq. Entnhiov TO hietvo Kazhcpht rqq 86paq zou npo5 tqv auhfi, pfi~ouq 2,30 p. uno6qhhvst t6taiz~pa y~yhho avotypa nou s5unqp~- ro6oe npocpavhq tq Gtih~uoq zpoxfihazqq hpacaq fi cpop~oyivou uxoc6yt- ou", nou 8a p&ticpepa rov ~ h a t o ~ a p n 6 . Tihoq, ~ovrdr. o to xhpo zou ntsozq- piou pp io~s ta t poqeqzt~65 xhpos ps opeoyhvta soria, ozotx~io anapairq- TO yta TO ciorapa rou vspo6 nou ~pqotpono~o6vzav ozq ouyniecrq .

Mta 6~6zspq sy~azaozaoq ~ h a l o r p ~ ~ ~ i o u ~ v z o n i o t q ~ ~ otq 6~6zspq pwpai- ~ f i aypot~ia , ~&pinou 700 p. &ut t~6r&pa, o ~ o 6 w t ~ 6 b ~ p o tqq 0606 cDtho06- cpOV, K O V T ~ G'Tq 060 ~ E ( P C ~ V E P O ~ ~ V ~ S (ELK. 9,CYx. 4). TO K ~ t p t ~ 1 ~ 6 0 ~ y K ~ t ) t q p a 6 ~ 0 5 ~ t o ~ h d l ~ t ( 3 ~ 0 ~ 'TPE15 &ndlhhqh&< O ~ K O ~ O ~ L K ~ < (P&oE~<, ll R P O ~ ~ ~ T E P T ~

ax0 ZLq O K O ~ E < xpovohoysitat (TTOUS ~ ~ T E P O U ~ K ~ U O L K O ~ < - 7C~htp0~5 Ehhq- vtottuo6q xpovou5 at ~ah6nzezat an6 ty 660 0 t ~ 0 6 0 p t ~ i q (pao~tq TWV po- p a i ~ h v X ~ ~ V W V (lo5 a t R.X. - 305 at. p.X.). To BA tpfipa zou popaY~o6 ~ r t p i - ou 0spshtQQq~s E X ~ V W GE apxaia 066, ~ar~l j0uvoqq BA-NA, K ~ T C ~ p f i~oq ~ q q o n o i a ~ avtxvs68q~s zipt to zou 50u at. n.X.

Czo ozphpa ~araorpocpfiq rqq zeheuraiaq ot~oGopt~fiq cpcioq~ TOU ~ ~ t p i - ou, q onoia ~povohoy~i ra t OZOV 20-30 at. p.X., ~ v r o n i ~ r q ~ a v o r o t x ~ i a nou p a p ~ u p 0 6 ~ pE ~ ~ ~ a t o r ~ r a TqV E ~ E ~ E P ~ C ~ O ~ C ~ TOU E~CX~OK~~P~TOU: qpt- ocpatptufiq Gta~opfiq puhoht005 (Ftap~zpoq 0,60 p., n a x o ~ 0,20 p.) p~ opeoyh- VLU 6tapnspfi 0nfi ot0 K ~ V T ~ O (0,lO p.) K a t E ' T c E ~ E ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ v ~ pE P&hi)vt TqV E ~ O Z E ~ I K ~ ~ zou K ~ E U P I ~ a n o r ~ h ~ i TO 6va an6 t a 660 orbis xou n~ptozpicpo- vrav ozy h&Kdlvq zou trapetum yta rq o6vehtyrq rqq shtirq at ntooonotsi TO

a ' oza6to zqq &n&\&pyaoiaq zou ~ a p n o 6 ( E ~ K . 10, 11). Ainha zou o& K U K ~ ~ K ~

aPcl8fi hdlKK0, pp68qlcaV ~uyK&VTpO~~V01 &h~toTG~pfiv&~. CE ~ U P C ~ K E ~ ~ E V O

xhp0 TOu Kztpi0~ P p i e q ~ s an6zyqpa aopEoeoht8tKfi~ ~ u ~ h t ~ f i q p a b q ~ (ELK. 12) p~ tq x a p a ~ r q p t o ~ t ~ f i a u h a ~ a o q ozqv nsptcpip~ta, xou o x ~ r i < ~ r a t p~ TO

p' oza6to rqq oupnisoqq. Tiho5, anorpqpu ahhq5 hietvqq K U K ~ L K ~ paoqs p p i 0 q ~ s svtotxtopivo o s G~6rspq xpfioq at o x c t i c s ~ a ~ npocpavhq ps yia an6 etq n p o q y 0 6 p ~ v ~ ~ o t ~ 0 6 0 y t ~ i q ( P ~ G E L ~ TOU K~tpiou.

18. AEV ~ipao-cc os Oioq va yvopiC,oup& ~ h v 01 ~ha~oxupilvsq avr~npoowrceGouv rov ~ p o ~ &n&<~pyacria ~ a p n 6 , GqhaFfi o h o ~ h q p e ~ ~ h t i ~ nou ~ E V np6hapav va ovvOh~po15v, 4 r a unorcpo'i6vta T ~ G o G v 0 k y q ~ To r ~ h ~ u r a i o GEV cpaivera~ ~ t0av6v y ~ a r i o xhpoq nou [3pkeqKav Fdo~oha ~ K O P E ~ ~a EppqvEu~Ei an00i-cqq.

19. L. Foxhall, d.n. 188. 20. 'O.R.

ME ~ a n o t a an6 ztq o t ~ 0 6 o p t ~ i q cpdlostq ZOU i6tou ~ z t p t a ~ o i , ouy~pozfipa- z o ~ oxsoi~ovzat sntnhiov a ~ i p a t q pdloq o ~ p n i ~ o q q nou cpip~t 660 napahhq- h&q a u h a ~ h o ~ l q oTqV ?T&pt(pip&t& zqq ( E I K . ~ ~ ) , X ~ P ~ K T ~ P ~ ~ T ~ K O pahhov ona- vto, ocpcpova p~ za k o q zhpa yvoozk 6~6opiva ax6 apxaia ~ h ~ l t ~ ~ p t ~ ~ i ~ l (6tapE~poq 0,96 p., 6 ~ 0 5 0,25 p., an6ozaoq pszat6 s o o z ~ p t ~ f l q at E ~ W T E ~ I -

~ f l q auha~ooqq 0,10 p.,), ~ a e h q Kat flptou puhoht0ou an6 trapetum, oxfipa- zoq ~ohoupou ~ h v o u (6tap~zpoq 0,45 K a t 0,63 p. avtiozotxa, hyroq 0,14 p., nhsuph opeoyhvtaq onfiq 0,10 p. ELK. 14)21.

As6opivou 6zt za o t ~ 0 6 0 p t ~ h h ~ i y a v a ozo oqpsio auz6 oco[ozav axo- onaopaztck Kat za ~upfipaza ~ E V p p i e q ~ a v ozqv a p x t ~ f i zouq Bioq hoyo rqq ~nkhhqhqq xpfloqq zou i6tou xhpou, ~ E V Staeizoup~ nsptoo6zspa ozot- x ~ i a o x ~ n ~ a ye zq 6tkza6q zov xhpov zou o u y ~ ~ ~ p t p i v o u shatoxtso~qpiou Kat zqq aypot~iaq nou TO 7T~ptEhkpPa~~.

H ~apayoyfi oivov

H ~ahhtipyeta zqq apnihou Kat q napayoyfl ~paotoi,, oq ~ 6 p t a napayoyt~fi Spaozqpt6zqza napkhhqha ps zqv ~ h t a , papzupsizat ozo avazohucozapo KTL-

ptaK6 ouy~p~~ '? lpa , 6 ~ 0 ~ a~o~ah6cpeIlKE Kat q7LhqphotEpq EyKa~60~aGTl TOu ~hatontsozqpiou nou nsptyp6yraps npoqyoupivo~. Czq v6zta nzipuya tou ou- y~po~flpazoq ano~ah6cpeq~av ~ y ~ a z a o z a o s y 660 hqvhv, nou avztozot~oi ,~ oztq 660 popai~gq o t ~ 0 6 0 p t ~ i q (~kostq zou mtpiou (ELK. 15, ox. 3).

To ~ a p a K ~ ~ p t ~ ~ t K 6 T E p 0 Kal aptoza Gtazqpqpivo Fsiypa hqvoi,, av f i~s t ' C7qV X P U L ~ ~ T E P ~ papay~fi 01~060ptKfl ( P & D ~ t O U K T ~ P ~ O U (EIK. 16, OX. 3,4). 0 ~ a e & a u z 6 hqv6q, 6x011 ytv6zav q o6v0htyrq zov ozacpuhthv, icp~ps 6 a n ~ 6 0 ~ a z a o ~ ~ u a o p i v o an6 p t ~ p k xapahhqh~nins6a xhtvOi6ta ~voopazopiva oe ozphpa o~hqpoi , ~ovthpazoq ( h a ~ i 6 o ~ opus pseudospicatum) Kat ~ z t o z 6 x~p tx~ ihwpa , hozs va Ftapopcphvszat opeoyhvta apae f i~ 6&(ap&vfi, nhk- zouq 1 p. E t 6 t ~ a Stapopcpopivo ozo Fans60 zou hqvoi, oz6pto E K P O ~ ~ , 610x6- zsua zo npoi6v zqq oi,veht\yqq ax~uesiaq oro uxohfivto, pta unoysta ~ztozf i 6&~ap&vfi(1,40 X 1,50, pa0oq 1,lO p.) ~ntxptopivq p~ uFpauht~6 ~ o v i a p a yta ozeyavoxoiqoq zov zotxopazov. Czov nu0piva zou unohfivtou unfipx~ KU-

21. 01 ~uhtv6pt~oi puh6htOot y& E K ~ K E ~ E ~ Kal 715 660 &n1q6~&1&q Kal ( T X E Z I K ~ y i ~ p ~ i 8 ~ 6 p ~ t p 0 O E O P O ~ V T ~ I npOtp01, 6noq yta nap&&&typa 01 puh6htOot an6 ~a trapetum rqq Oh6vOou nou ~povoboyo6v~a~ orov 4011 x.X. at. Bh. L. Foxhall, 6.n., o. 189-191. lltOav6v Kat o o u y ~ s ~ p i ~ i v o q puh6htOoq va o~sr i<&rat p& zo ript to -aypol~ia rou 40u at. nou ano- onaopar t~a ohrerat K ~ Z O an0 TI< 860 q h o ~ ~ q TOU popa'i~ob ouy~porilyaroq. H paoq ou- pXi&CYqq Ka1 0 puh6h180~ anoya~p6v@ll~av an6 TqV apxt~f i TOUS 8&0q Kaz6 TqV &KCJWt(Pfi

ytu roxo0irqq ayoyob oyppiov ~ a z & zqv ivaptq rou ipyou 6tay6pcpooqq rqq 0606 at- hoo0qov, y1a TO h6yo au?6 6 ~ v yvopiroups y& nota 01~080pt~fi qaoq o ~ ~ r i r o v r a ~ .

SP.451. AAAI KAI iJOP@YPA 55

Kj.1~6 Pljetopa ps Evoopazopkvq nhptvq ha~kvq yta zq ouy~ivzpooq zov ~;quuzov zou yhslj~ouq. 'Eva F~l j z~po unoR+~to (1,20 x 1,50, ljyoq 0,90 p.) i6mq popcpfl~ (ELK. 17), p~ ~ v o o p a z ~ p i v o zpqpa nieou ozo K U K ~ ~ K O PljOtopa rou nuepiva, a7CoKahfi(peqK& os 6tnhav6 xhpo nou a v q ~ s t ozqv r~heuzaia ot~oFopt~f i (paoq ZOU ~ztpiou. Kaza mica ntOav6zqza t o unoh4vto aur6 npoijnqpxc, o~czt(6pevo ps zov xhivetvo hqvo o onoioq at 8a E ~ X E 660 unohqvta-, at E ~ ~ K O ~ O ~ ~ ~ O E va ~pqotponoleieat 6zav TO zipt to Etwpa'i- GTqKKE, 0 x 6 ~ ~ & V ( J O ~ ~ T ~ ~ T ) K E 0 8 a ~ ~ 6 i v a ~ V ~ O G E ~ ~ ~ X W ~ O S hqv6~ G X ~ ~ ~ T O <

r, pe t i a ~ ~ 6 0 an6 u6pauht~6 ~ov iapa~ ' ) . llap6potsq cy~azaozdrostq napayoyqq oivou kxouv Ppsesi o~ apxaisq

aypot~isq Kat sna6haq o& oho~hqpq zq Msooysto, p~ ~ o t v 6 XapaKzqptozt- KO, E K Z ~ S an6 TOV Z ~ O TT)< ~ E ~ ~ J J E V ~ ~ S pE Pbet~pa, 70 nhiv0tvo E V ~ O T E 6drnE60 zou hqvolj, ozo onoio stahhou ocpeihezat q apxaia pvsia zou, oq nibivOol ota- ( ~ V / Z O ~ ~ ~ O I ~ ~ . nph&t eSh Va CTlpEt~eEi 6 ~ t 0 i8105 Z ~ K O ~ ~ E ~ C I ~ E V ( < XPT)OtpO- ~otsizat ~ a z b n~pinzooq Kat m a &hat~TCtE~~~pl(r yta zq m y ~ i v z p o o q zou I~aFtolj~~. Czq F t ~ f i pas n~pinzooq 6poq 0 1 unoy~teq 8stap~viq Ppio~ovzat G E Fta(popszt~fi nzipuya ZOU ~ztpiou Kat oe a p ~ e z t anbozaoq an6 70 xhpo onou F taohBq~~ o econhtop6q zou Ehat0711E~~~pi0~ Kat ~ E V ouo~s~i(ovzat .

Av T O ~ p a o i Kat T O hb6t ~ i v a t Fljo npoi6vza nou Kat oqpepa ano~sholjv zq Phoq zqq aypoztcqq ot~ovopiaq oqq A~u~aGuq Kat '8copo6v~at oljzoq f l ah- hoq napa60~ ta~ iq ~ahhtipyetsq nou q anapx.i( zovq avayszat oza apxaia xpovta, avanhvzsxq fizav q 6taniozooq 6zt ~ a z k zouq popai~oljq xp6vouq

22.llap6poto1 hqvoi PpiOq~av otqv n a ~ p a . Bh. M . nsrp6nouhoq, Ad43 (1988), B' l , 162-163, T ~ v . 928, 938 (0665 naTphv-Khh0~q 3 - 0 1 ~ 6 ~ ~ 6 0 ~anavaythrou), ~ E V L K ~ T E ~ ~

hsnroyapfiq x&ptypa(Pfi popai~hv hqv(i)~ ~a@(i)< uat ~ q q 61a61~aoia< napayoyfl< TOV Kpa- otob o.ro M . .~~rp6nouhoq , ((01 popai~oi hqvoi rqq n6rpaq)), Oivov iotoph. Apn~?~oorvi- KG iatopia real apxaio),oyia tqq BA fi~~oaovvljoou, Enzorqpovl~d Cupadaro. K~rjpa Mep~od- pv, AOfiva 2001, o. 37-50.

23. Bh. A.D. Amyx, ((The Attic Stelai I I b , Hesperia 27 (1958), 249-250. Z~ohtaop6q p&.taSh ahhov an6 rq Lin Foxhall, o.T., o. 198.

24. Tta napaF~typa, opeoyhvta paeta 6~5apcvt o u v 6 ~ 6 ~ p i v q p~ ~ h p o nou ipeps 66- K E F O Kara TO 6i)orqpa OPUS pseudospicatun~ Pp&@q~& or0 A ~ p a i ( ~ v 1 0 - r ~ p & p a , ahhh rau- T ~ ( S T ~ ~ K & O< ~hal0iTt~0Tfip10 ~ E ~ O ~ ~ V O U 671 pari p& P P & @ ~ ) K & hi0lvq K U K ~ I K ~ Paoq 015~0hl- yqq, Ph. A. Zapn~ra1, Ad 50 (1995), 302-303. llap6yota 6 ~ c a p ~ v q rhnou unohfivtov pw- pa'i~hv xpbvov CTqV A p ~ a , O U V ~ B O ~ K E &nioqq p& ~ha10n1~orfipto E ( P ~ C J O V paji & V T O T ~ -

o r q w q Ku~htKq h&Kavq ohvoh~yqq, ahha at p&yuhq noo6tqra ~hatoxupfivov. Bh. A. Ayyihq, Ad 55 (2000), X p o v ~ ~ a (ua6 iu60oq:avama(pfi ot~oni60v Xp. O~oShpou).

ao~ohvzav ozo vqoi zqq AEu~a6aq at pta khhq 6paorqptozyza, y &x&k&p- yaoiu zqq xopcp6paq. CE ivav ax6 zouq Poy0yzt~oljq xhpouq ZOU avazoht~06 K7t~taK06 ~~yKpo~ f ipa 'T~< Ty< 0606 @thoobcpwv axo~ah6cp~qKE ( E I K . 18) xax6 ozphpa epuppaztopivov ~oxuhthv zou ~i6ouq nou &vat yvooz6 wq xopcp6pa (murex) at q ~ x ~ t s p y a o i a zouq 6iva zyv noh6ztpq K O K K ~ V ~ xpo- oz t~ f i ouoia.

Ta 6 o z p ~ a auza fizav acpeova oztq a ~ r i q 701.1 ApppaKtK06 Kat zou Ioviov Kat q ~ x ~ k ~ p y a o i a zouq papzupcizat ozqv 'Hx~ tpo Kat zqv ~vpczspq X E ~ L O -

xfi ax6 zo 20 x.X. atova, ~pyaozfipto nopcp6paq pahtoza P p i 0 y ~ ~ G E 6 ~ ~ 6 - oto zipt to zqq apxaiaq Kuoohxqqz5 ahha Kat ozo t ~ p 6 zqq Awdhvqq. Kaz6 zouq popui~o6q auzo~pazopt~orjq ~p6vouq,q xapayoyfi Kat zo cpnopto xop- cp6paq cpaiv~zat 6zt z ~ h o 6 o ~ nhiov 11x6 KpaztK6 khsyxo, avo6 o6pcpova p& hartvt~fi ~ntypacpfi zou 3011 p.X athva iva Popaioq proc~lrator'~ rationis purpurarum anoozihhovzav yta va ~ h i y k ~ t zyv xapayoyfi zou xpo'i6vzoq ozyv 'Hx~tpo , Osooahia Kat Axaia. Czo vyoi z q ~ A ~ u ~ a 6 a q cpaiv~zat bzt cxck~pyaoia xopcp6paq ytvo~uv zouhaxtozov an6 zov 40 n.X, at. f i KaL vopi- zspa, ~ a e h q zo 6ozpso auz6 an&t~ovy&zat -xpocpavhq 6x1 zuxaia- otov 0x1- 0 0 6 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ lpy~p06 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ f i p ~ 1 zqq x6hqq zqS A~u~aFaq~ ' . Kazb TOUq popdi~06$ X P ~ V O ~ S 7 7capayCOyfi 070 vqoi O ~ V E X ~ C T T ~ K E O ~ V ~ E O ~ E V ~ d . 6 0 ~ pE T T V xa- payoyfi zqq &up6z&pyq xeptoxfiq. Era ~pyaozfipto xopcp6paq zqq A&u~k6aq, E K T ~ S ~1x6 TC1 0 p ~ p p ~ 1 ~ t ~ p 6 ~ ~ 1 ~ C T Z P E C ~ R V ~ K E L KClt p t ~ p f i O P ~ O Y ~ V ~ C ~ CtPaefi~ 6 ~ k a p ~ v f i (xhazouq 1,25 at ow(6psvou -~vzoq zou xhpou avao~acpfiq- pfi- ~ o u q 2,5 p.) an6 u6pauht~6 ~ov iapa ( E I K . 19) xou P p i 0 y ~ ~ O E Ftnhav6 Fwpa- no . Avahoyq 6ckap svfi 6 t i0ez~ Kat q cpyaozq pta~fi ~y~azdozaoq xopcp6- paq zqq K a o o h n q ~ ~ ~ .

25. S. Dakaris, Cassopaia and the Elean Colonies, a. 17,96, 106. 26. S. Dakaris, d.x., o. 17, 106. 27. B.V. Head, A Catalogue of the Greek coins in the British Museum, Corinth, 128,

pl.XXXV1 nr.20. H anstlc6vloq z q ~ xopcpbpa~ uxo6qhhv&t t q oGv6sofi tqq I.(& tqv Kapa- yoyq lcat t a spn6pto ~ q q n6hqq, 6n0q avriorot~a Kat q anstlc6vtoq tqq apnihou.

28. S. Dakaris, d.n., o. 106.

KPAZI, AAAI KAI FIOPaYPA 57

Czqv nsptoxfi zqq Msyhhqq BpGoqq, pszaS6 zou P6pstou upxuiou v s ~ p o - racp~iou Kat zov Z E I X ~ V ~ q q xohqq, ~ v z o n i o t q ~ ~ pia zpizq popa'i~fi aypot- ~ i a , za ~ t v y z & ~upfipaza an6 zqv onoia (hietva zptpsia Gqpqzpta~hv, o t 6 ~ - pivta spyahcia, x a h ~ t v a ay~iozpta) papzupo6v ~ q v ~vaoxohqoq zov ~ a z o i - K ~ V ps ysopyo~zyvozpocpt~iq at ahtsuzt~iq 6pao~yptozqzsq'~. H avs6ps- OTl K E P C ~ ~ L K ~ ~ ~ Kat V O ~ ~ ( ~ ~ U T O V ZOU 4 0 ~ 7C.X. at. skuhhou (J'CCt Pa96~spa o ~ ~ h - puza, un08qhhv~~ ~1 &6h zqv 6napkq p ~ a $ npo~poz&pq< O ~ K O ~ O ~ L K ~ ~ S cp6oqq nou avztozotx~i npocpavhq o~ aypotcia zov 6oz~pov KhaotKhv Kat shhqvt- ( J Z L K ~ V xp6vov.

ETLLK~~OV, o'C0 xhp0 'Toll P O ~ E L O ~ clpxcli0~ V E K ~ O T ~ ~ ~ E ~ O U , 8ioq TOE- ~htp7C06, Ctvb~&oa O& K ~ ~ ~ T ~ o ~ T x ~ ~ o ~ ~ K a t K E ~ ~ ~ o ~ K E ~ T E ~ ~ T U ~ ~ O U ~ PpieTlKav 660 r u x t ~ i q K T ~ G ' T ~ S S ~ t a p ~ v i q - nap6potsq p& E K E ~ V E < 'tyq 0606 @tho00~6- cpov, ~ n ~ ~ p t o p i v s q p& u6pauht~6 Koviapa G Z ~ V E ~ O T E ~ I K ~ ~ T O U ~ ~ntcpavsta Kat K U K ~ ~ K O P69lopa GZOV nu0piva yta zqv ouy~ivzpooq tjypuzwv30. AvCr- hoysq a y p o z t ~ i ~ ~ y ~ a z a o z a o ~ ~ q ~vzon iozq~av ~n ioqq vozta zqq apxaiaq n6hqq, ozqv n~Ft66a zov Kapuozhv. E6h ~ v z o n i o e q ~ e ~ z t p t a ~ o ouy~p6zq- pu zov 6oz~pov ~ h h q v t o z t ~ h v X ~ ~ V W V , p& 660 Paetiq opeoyhvteq ~z toz iq 6&kap&vi< zou z6nou zou unohfivtou3'. Kat oztq 660 nsptxzho&t< n p o ~ ~ t z a t yta 6&kap&V6< yh&6~0uq, ~ E ~ O ~ ~ V O U 6'Tt ~ E V E V Z O ~ G ~ G T ~ K U V ahha i ~ v q &tap- T ~ ~ ~ T W V ntso~qpiou, E V ~ ~ E V ~ K O K ~ E ~ E T U ~ o h q v 6 ~ VCI ezav k6htv0~. ntea- vbzaza hotn6v ozouq nphtpouq pwpaY~o6q xp6vouq optopiva zpfipa~a ZOV

vs~pozacpsiov, ~ u p i o q oqpsia an6 za onoia Gtipxovzav apxa i~q o6oi KUI

E ~ U ~ ~ ~ E T O ~ G ~ V TqV E ~ C ~ K O L V ~ V ~ ~ , VU &yKa~~h&icpe~KCtV ylcl Va 6qptoupyTl- 806v o& u~qh6zspo sn in~60 & ~ z a o & t ~ ~ a h h t i p y ~ t a q apxihou.

Zbpcpova p~ za npoavacpep6peva cr.p~atohoyt~6 F~Gopiva, cpaiveeat 621 q n6htq-bozu zqq A&uKix6a<, nsptPahhezat ozyv sup6zspq n~ptcpip~tCr zqq an6 EVU 7Chiypa aypozt~hv & " / K u T ~ ~ T ~ ~ & ~ v , 01 ~ C P O ~ ~ O T E P E ~ an0 'CIS O E O ~ E ~ UV&-

:/OVTUt fi8q OTll nphtpq KhaotKfi E T C O X ~ ~ ~ ~ . Evh Tl ~ ~ p 1 0 ~ f i 7'Cipl.k 'CoV T E I X ~ V

~ a h h t s p y ~ i z a t pahhov an6 ~ a z o i ~ o u q zou inozsoq, 0 s p ~ y a h 6 z ~ p q an6o~aoq Sqptoupyo6vzat n ~ p t a o z t ~ i q a y p o t ~ i ~ q .

29. I?. ~ ~ L ~ K O U , Ad 52 (1997), Xpovt~h (Msy6hq Bpcoq- 0 1 ~ 6 7 ~ ~ 8 0 Ap. Aajapq)' G. Pliakou, ccLeukas in the roman period)), J. Isager (ed.), Foundation and destruction. Nilcopolis and Northwestern Greece, Aarhus - Athens 2001, o . 153-154.

30. A. Nro6(ouyhq, Ad 47 (1992), B1,286 (ota6n~80 Xp. Aoyoeirq). 31. A. N~06(0uyhq, Ad 47 (1992), B1, 288 (0~~6n680 O~p~avoI j - Mouora~q). rqq

iFlaq, ccTa vs~po~acpeia T ~ S ap~a iaq A E U K ~ ~ C ( < ) ) , 6.71., o. 54. 32. ~ ~ ~ K E L T U L y ~ a r a h ~ i y a v a ~ r ~ p i o u Finha o s apxaia 086, ~nioqq ~ h a o t ~ h v xp6-

A6tqoq rou apteyo6 zov ay potcthv -o6ycpova n&vrors ps r a Soq rhpa apxatohoyt~a SsSopSva- oqysthvsrat ~ a r a ~ o v 40 n.X. avo6 ~ s p a y t ~ j l Kat voyiopam a u r f i ~ eqq nspt6Sou, o~s r t t6psva y~ o t ~ o S o p t ~ a h ~ i y a v a fi pq, Pp ieq~av ~ h r o an6 rtq shhqvlort~iq-poyai~iq a y p o t ~ i ~ q ~ ' unoSqhhvovraq npoty6zspq ~ p f i o q rou xhpou. Ot aypot~isq 6taraooovzat s~azbpoesv zwv ucptoraysvov ~ 6 p t o v o S t ~ h v ac6vov nou oSqyo6v S to an6 za z e i ~ q zqq no- hqq ahhk Kat Ftaoxirouv Ta vs~poracpsia rqq Eivat ~ a p a ~ r q p t o ~ ~ ~ o 6rt Ka- r a y j l~oq zqq oqysptvfiq 0606 Qthooocpov nou ouyninrs~ y~ apxaia zacpt~fi 066, 6taraooovrat za ysyaha ~ r t p t a ~ h ouy~por$paza. H unoesrtcfi npoi- Kraoq zou iStou atova NA, S t ip~sza t an6 zq BSoq rqq aypotciaq orqv ns- p t o ~ q Msykhq Bpljoq, yta va uarahfitst ozq P6psta nhsupa TOU rcixouq zqq a p ~ a i a q nohqq (ox. 6) 34. H n 6 ~ v o o q TOV a y p 0 ~ 1 ~ h v ~ y ~ a z a o r a o ~ o v oqyai- v ~ t ~ v S ~ ~ o y i v o q ~ v r a ~ t ~ o n o i q o q zqq ~ahhtipystaq otqv xhpa rqq Asu~tr- 6 a ~ ark rov 40 n.X., ysyov6q nou Ssv 8a npSnst va sivat aoxsro ys zqv ~ a - za~6pucpq a65qoq zou nhqOuoyo6 z q ~ nohqq arb zov 40 Kal 30 at. x.X., 67105 ~ E I X V E L q ~povohoy t~f i ~azavoyfi rov racpwv nou i ~ o u v avao~acpsi".

Ot ~ycaraoraoey rov KhaotKhv K a t ~ h h q v t o ~ t ~ h v X ~ ~ V O V SEV SXOUV Sta- rqpfiost rov ysopyt~h 4 khho sconhtop.6 ~ o u q h o ~ s va ynop06p~ va npoo610- pioouys TO ~iGoq rqq xapayoyt~fiq Spaorqptorqzaq nou amo6vrav os a u z i ~ . H anouoia ~ p y a o r q p t a ~ h v s y ~ a z a o r & o ~ o v ocp~ihsrat acpsv6q ozqv Kara- o~pocpfi K a t htOoh6yqofi rouq ~ a z a zqv ~azamsuf i tov V E ~ T E ~ W V ot~oSoyt- K ~ V cpaosov TOV ~ z t p i o v ~ ~ , ~ ( P E T ~ P O U 8& CTO Y E Y O V ~ ~ 6 ~ t TqV &n0xfi C~UTG 7CteCt-

v6zara ~pqotyonoto6vzav C ~ X ~ O ~ ~ Z E P E ~ Kat hty6rspo E ~ E ~ S ~ U E U ~ ~ V E ~ yieo-. Sot snsCspyaoia< zwv npoibvrov, 6no5 yta napaSstyya puhohteot Sqyq~pta- K ~ V yta o6vehtyq zou EhatoKapn0~ Kat c6htvot hqvoi3'. nap& zq y s v t ~ o z ~ p q Shhstyq ypanrhv avacpophv ora aypozt~a npo'ihvra zqq A E U K & ~ ~ S ark rouq ~ h a o t ~ o 6 5 & h h ~ ~ t o ~ t K 0 6 < XPOVOU<, 1 C I V E ~ P E G ~ E ~ ~ ~ ~ E Z L K & ysyahou aptep06

vov, o to 8urt~6rspo ~ p j p a tqq 0606 @doo6cpov, ~ovtdr orq ouppohj tqq ps tqv 066 Qavs- popivqq. Bh. r. nh t a~ou , Ad 56 (2001), Xpovl~a uno i ~ 8 0 o q (avao-~aqi 0806 @thoo6qwv).

33. Kal o t a 660 ~ z t p t a ~ a ouy~por f i pa~a rqq 0606 Qihoo6cpov ~ a 0 h ~ Kal orqv nspi- xrooq rou O L K O K ~ ~ O U Aacapq orq M~yhhq Bp6oq.

34. 'IFta 6tataCq zov a y p o ~ ~ t h v ~ a z a p f i~oq tacplahv o6hv K a t p a o t ~ h v o61~hv a56- vov xapatqpfioqwa Kal atqv nsptoxfi rqq ndrrpaq, ph. M. nsrp6nouho~, ((Aypot~iaq n a - zpa'i~jq)), b . ~ . , o. 414-415.

35. A. Dousougli - S. Morris, ((Ancient towers on Leukasn, Greece, d.n., o. 217. 36. Crq popay~iq aypot~icq rqq Asu~u6aq sivat xapa~zqpto~tcf i q xpjoq apxcliov

~ ~ X ~ T E K ~ O V ~ K ~ V pshhv (hiO~va ~ a r h q h t a , sn~~spyaop ive5 h~Oi)xhtvOo~, ox6~6uhot ~ 1 6 - vwv), ~aOhq Ka1 sntt6pptov orqhhv ax6 za napa~s ipsva apxaia vs~pozacpsia, wq 01~0-

Sopt~o6 uhttcorj. 37. Lin Foxhall, d . ~ . , o. 190. H iSta axouoia stonh~opolj xtsorqpiov ixst 8tan1oto-

BE^ Kal oztq ~ h a ~ l ~ i q - ~ h h q v t o r t ~ i q aypot~isq r q ~ narpairfiq, ph. M. ns~p6nouhoq,

KPAZI, AAAI KAI IlOPOYPA 59

apcpopiov os xhpouq cmoeq~hv ozqv nsptoxi TOU htpavt06 at TOU ap~a iou htpsvoppa~iova~~ onou 0a 66~vav za spnopt~h nhoia, ~ E V acpfiv~t ~ a p i a apcpt- Pohia yta TO s t a y o y t ~ o Ep~6pt0 zwv K ~ P I W V y ~ c o p y ~ ~ h v npo'iovzw~.~~ Ot ap- cpopsiq zqq AsuKa6aq pahtoza - xou o& psykhq xooozqza svzoxiozq~av mi- oqq ~vz65 TWV ZEIXQV zqq apxaiaq x6hq5, OE 6qp6oto XQPO nou ~ X E I zauzt- o z ~ i ps zqv apxaia ayopaJO- cpkpouv oztq hapiq ocppayiopaza ps Gthcpopa 06p- Bola, oncoq ypappaza zqq ahcpapfizou, pszat6 zov onoiwv ~ ~ a v a h a p p a v ~ z a t CTE nohha Bpa6opaza TO A, ahha Kat AEYK4', ~ a 0 h q Kat xapaozaoq ozacpuht- ob ~ a 0 h q Kat cp6hho apnihou. Ta o6ppoha auza at ~up ioq q sxuvahqyq zou ypappCL~05 A uno6~tKv6ouv 'CqV 6napcq &vbq ' L O ~ C ~ K O ~ E P Y ~ G T ~ P ~ O U KaZUGKEU- fiq apcpopiov4' yta ztq avay~eq zou spnopiou zov hsu~a6iz t~wv npo'i6vzov, xou a ~ p a o e ~ a z b zov 30 n.X. at. H ~ u p i a p ~ q 060q rqq apxihou ozqv ot~ovo- pia zqq apxaiaq Asuua6aq s&hhou, ~I$QVET~L oacphq ax6 zqv a n ~ t ~ 6 v t o i l Tqq G'Ctq V O ~ ~ B ~ C Y ' T ~ K ~ S K O ~ C & Zqq

Asv Gtaeizoups &ni zou nap6vzoq a p ~ o ~ q tozopt~iq pap~upicq 4 aocpahfi a p ~ a t o h o y t ~ h 6~6op iva yta zqv a ~ p t p t optoeizqoq zqq ~ h p a q zov h s u ~ a - Giov. Zrjpcpova ps ztq a p ~ a i s q nqykq, ozo vqoi untpxav zpstq a p ~ a i s q n6- ;.&IS, q I \EUK~S, TO E ~ ~ o ~ E v o v ~ " Kat 7 @apa4'. Ot 660 T E ~ E U T C ~ ~ E ~ ~ X O U V Tau-

((01 poya'i~oi hqvoi rqq l-I6spuq)), o.E., o. 39. 38. Tla ro htpavt T ~ S a p x a i a ~ A & u K ~ & ~ < , ph. W. M. Murray, The Coastal Sites of

R,kstern Akarnunia: a topographical- historical survey (P1z.D. University of Penssylvania), 224-253. rou i61ou, ((The ancient harbour mole at Leukas, Greece)), A. Raban (ed.), .4 rchaeology of Coastal Changes, Procedings of the first International Symposiunl "Cities on rlresea -past andpresent", Xutcpa 1986, o. 101-1 18.

39. A. Nrob<ouyhq, Ad 48 (1993), B1,290-293 ( O ~ K ~ X E ~ O A. @a~oi)pou). T. n h t a ~ o u , .-id 55 (2000), X p o v t ~ a un6 i ~ 6 0 o q (&yo ano~i tauoqq napahta~hv o t ~ t o p h v Avytb~ - Kupuorhv N. A ~ u ~ a 6 a S ) .

40. I. AvFpbou, Ad43 (1988) B1,307 (ot~6ne60 A. CouhaiS6nouhou) A. NroGjouyhq, -44 44 (1989), 26-268. A. Ntobrouyhq - K. Zk~oq, HX 31(1994), 44-45 (O~KOREGO A. COU- i.atS6novhou).

41. A. N~ofi<ouy?~q, Ad 48 (1993), 299 (01~6n~t io En. Aoyoeb~q). 42. I. AvSpiou, ((Ehhqvton~fi K E ~ ~ J I I K ~ ~ AeuKaGaq)), B' Elriorqpo~i~fj Cvvavrqarl yia

:qv E;Li,qviarl~fj K~papiicij -17pa~rr~6 , Aeljva 1990, o . 54-57. 43. B. V. Head, A Catalogue of the Greek coins in the British Museum, Corinth, 127,

132, pls. XXXIV, XXXVI. 44. OOUK. 111.94.1: cc...Kat ot a776 ~ o v rptuwovsa vehv A0qvuio1 nepi l I~hon6wqmv

dueq nph~ov EV Ehhopevh T ~ G AEuKaGiaq cppoupo6<~1vaq ho~f iouv~sq Sticp0etpuv)). Tta rqv r a k t q p~ rqv 1~epto~Tj TOU 6ppou rou Bhu~ob, oto v6rto nipaq T ~ S n~Ft66aq TO^ NvSpiou pi.. RE XI12 (1925), hTjppa Leukas, 2235,6nou q q e ~ t ~ f i ptphtoypacpia. H nepto~fi rou Nu- 6piou 8 t t o g a p i ~ p l ~ 1 5 a p ~ t ~ zou 200u atQva TO ~onwv6pto ((Eph~tpevi)~)), nou &nt f i i~o& I o q q napacp0opb rou pqpoveu6p~vov an6 TOV @ou~u&i&q, ap~a iov ~onovupiou.

45. YICKG~US 34. Tta sqv ~ a b r t a q zou upxaiou ~onovupiou pe TU a p ~ a i a heiyrava

ztozsi - xwpiq auz6 va ye za heiyava apxaiov, ydlhhov a z ~ i ~ t o z o v o t~ tophv nou papzuporjvzat fl a ~ o p q oQ<ovzat o ~ t q n ~ 8 t u 6 ~ q TOU NuGpiou Kat zqq Ba- o d t ~ f i q avtiozotxa. An6 nheupaq yswpopcpohoyiaq, zo vqoi axotshsizat an6 rpstq y&y&h&q napcihtsq xs6t66sq ozo ~ V ~ T O ~ ~ K O zpfipa zou, ptKp6z&pa ~ahhtspytotya opon66ta ozqv sv60xhpa Kat -svz&hhq a ~ a ~ 6 h h q h q yta Ka- T O ~ K ~ G V - 2q ~ U T L K ~ ~ U K Z ~ . 01. avazoht~kq 7C&&ta6&q, ~azdlhhqheq yla Kah- htipysta, Bahaoota Kat xepoaia E X I K O ~ V O V ~ ~ , (paivezat O Z L anot~horjv avti- ozotXa zq xhpa zqq K ~ ~ O E ytaq an6 ztq apxaisq n6hstq zou vqotorj.

Extxetphvzaq va npoo6topiooups za 6pta rqq xhpaq nou avztozotxsi ozqv n6hq zqq AsuKa6aq (ox. 6) , ys Paoq za npoavacpepoy~va apxatohoyt- KU 6eFop6va Kat o s ouv6uaopo ys zq y~oyopcpohoyia zqq ~uprjz~pqq nspto- X ~ S ~ q q , ~ s o p o r j p ~ nh60~ P6Pat0 67t x P O ~ P O P P & E K T E ~ V ~ Z ~ V za 6pta TqS orjy~povqq x6hq5 Kat 6w1~dr. nsptshaypavs TO oqysptv6 ehathva, oq TO 16- VtO. np0~ ~ 6 2 0 ~ ~ ~ o P o ~ ~ E Va P E P C ~ ~ ~ G O U ~ E 621 oeq K E P L ( P ~ P E ~ C ~ Tqq AEUKU- 6aq av f i~e q nsbta6a zov Kapucozhv Kat ~ q q Auytaq, iowq p 6 x p t zouq h6cpouq zqq Kaz06vaq~~ nou ~h&ivouv zqv ns6taFa v6zta. 'Ewq zqv nspto~fi auri stahhou s~zstvbzav Kat TO apxaio ht yavt, nou n poozazeuozav an6 htpevo- Ppaxiova opaz6 iwq ofipspa ~ a z o an6 'tqv &nt(p~vsta zqq Baha~oaq.~'

An6 z t ~ apxiq zou lou R.X. at. - 6zav q Asu~a6a Ppio~srat fi6q uno po- pai~6 i h s y ~ o ~ ~ , ~y~aBiozavzat oztq a~'1.65 zqq Hnsipou ahh6 at zqv KEPIOXT'~

zqq A~apvaviaq nhorjotot Pwyaio~ snt~sipqpazisq, ot onoiot s~yszahhsrjo- vzat srjcpopsq ne6tviq e ~ z 6 o ~ t q ~ ~ . H 0t~oy6vsta zwv Cossinii an6 TO Puteoli nou yvopi<oups 6zt ouyKazah6yezat ozouq Izahorjq nou enoi~qoav oztq. a ~ ~ 6 q zou Hxsipou50, orjycpova ys entypacpt~6q yapzupisq sycpavi<ezat at ozq A & u ~ & 6 a ~ ~ , uno~qhCjvovzaq avziozotxq sy~azdlozaoq Pwpaiwv yatolczq- p6vwv ozo vqoi. Ot aypot~isq zouq 0a ouvixtoav va ~pqotyonotorjvzat Kat oTOuq ~ U T O K ~ ~ T O ~ ~ K O ~ ~ X ~ ~ V O U ~ , ~ v ~ ~ ~ ~ o v T u < P&PaiCOq E K T E T ~ ~ ~ V E ~ Ent-

o7qv ~ouha6a 7q5 Baothu~fi5 Ph. RE XI12 (1925), hfippa Leukas, 2237, onou cat q o x s ~ t - PtPhuoypacpia. 46. Crqv 060 nou o6qysi an6 7q Avyta n p o ~ 7qv Kazorjva Bxouv svroxtorsi pspovo-

p~vot apxaiou 7acpot ( H . AvFpBou, Ad 43 B'l, 306, 308 cau A. NroO<ovyhq, AA 48, B ' l , 304) ou onoio~ npocpavhq oxs~i<ovrat p~ ~hnoua ~ y ~ a ~ a o ~ a o q otqv i6ua nspuoxfi, xu0a- vb~aza p~povwpbvq aypoucia.

47. Bh. uxooqp. 38 48. H Asuck6a rC0qrs un6 popui~6 ihsyxo fi6q an6 TO 197 n.X., p s ~ a an6 7qv ~ a ~ a -

hqyfi r q ~ an6 TO o ~ o h o TOV AEGK~OV Ohap~vivou. 49. E. Akrapqq, ccH popai~fi nohtrtcfi o~qv'Hnstpo)), N11cdno3~1~ A', L'parctrrch A' Ale-

6~065 .%,unoaiou yla rq Nr~dno?,? (23-29 Cenzepj3pioo 1984), IIpbo~<a 1987, o. 20. 50. A. C a p u ~ u ~ q ~ , ccCuppohfl st5 Z ~ V ~oropia r q ~ Hnsipov ~ a t a TOUS xp6vovq 775 po-

pairfi~ ~ u p t a p ~ i a q (167-31 X.X.))), AE 1964, o. 112-1 14. 5 1. D. Strauch, Romischepolitik und Griechische tradition, Movaxo 1996, o. 3 11.

'.;P.-\II. AAAI KAI FIOPmYPA 61

r n ~ u i q fi EK O E ~ E ~ ~ O V a v a ~ a z a o ~ ~ u i q . Tqv ~noxii auefi, q ~vrazt~onoiqoq :q; ~ahhtipystaq cpaiv~zat 6x1 cpeavst ozqv uyqhoz~po oqpeio zqq, at ~ 6 - vouv rqv ~pcpavtofi zouq opyavopivsq #at ~ ~ r ~ z a p i v ~ q ~ p y a o r q p t a ~ i q ~ y ~ a - ~uozuoetq ozo ~ o o z s p t ~ 6 zwv aypot~thv. Ta ayportca npo'iovra Ba ~ i x a v :i.iov wq xpooptop6 zq popcii~fi Nt~oxohq, fi KUI nto axopa~puopiva pw- U U ' ~ K ~ Kivrpa, acp06 TO 6 0 ~ ~ T?lS A&u~&6aq ~ X E I 0 ~ ~ 6 1 ~ ~ 6 . &~Ka~CYh&t(~e&i. H srcs~spyaoia rqq nopcpbpaq, a x o 6 ~ t ~ v 6 e t o n q napayoyq zwv npo'i6vzov TE-

i.&i iooq B E O ~ ~ O ~ ~ V E S 7 ~ & p t ~ ~ h ~ & t ~ 11x6 K E V Z P I K ~ khsy~0. T ~ v EXOX( aut-i(, q n~6ta6a 215 A E U K C I ~ ~ ~ , q xphqv xhpa zqq a p ~ a i a ~ n6hqq, anor~hs i xhiov xapayoyuc6 ~ Q p o 6x1 zou i6tou zou vqoto6, ahha ~vzuoosrat o to oborqya ~ h i y ~ o u zwv ~ x a p ~ t h v zqq Axaiaq ~azapxilv, Kat an6 z y a p ~ i q zou 20u at. ~ q q Hasipou ys %pa zq Nt~6nohq, o z t ~ oxoi~q uxayszat 8 t o t ~ q r t ~ a . E V ~ E L - ~ r t ~ 6 sivat TO y~yov6q bzt ysyahoq aptOp6q zov voytop&zov nou PpiBq~av ozqv aypotcia z q ~ 0606 (Dthooocpov, axoz~ho6v ~ o x i q rou NO~~G~CI 'COKO~T&~- ou zqq Nt~ox6hsoq. To psyahrjzepo noooozo zwv voptopazov zqq Nt~ono- hqq avf i~e t oe ~ 0 x 6 s zou P' yto06 zou 2011 Kat ZOU a ' ptoolj IOU 30u at., YEYO-

v65 xou avzavaKh& a u ~ q y i v ~ q ouvahhayiq K a t ivrovq xapaywyt~fi 8paorq- ptozqza t6taizspa auzq zqv ETCOX-~(. rbpw oza pioa TOU 30u at. p.X. 01 pwyai- ~ i 5 aypot~isq zqq I \ E U K ~ ~ C I ~ ~ y ~ a z a h ~ i x o v z a t . H i6ta zopfi 61ax~ozhv~zat oza apxaia vs~poracpsia, 6xou ot uorspozspeq zacpiq ~povohoyo6vzat ozov 30 ~ E T ~ X ~ L O T ~ ~ V I K ~ athva. H ~5~ ' lyqoqea xpkxct va ava[qzqe&i yahhov ortq E~t8~0pkq XOU TO 267 7 tpaypa~o~ot06~ Ot'Epouhot O T ~ V ' H ? T E ~ ~ O Kat xOu xpO- ~ a h ~ o a v peyahsq avaozazhostq arqv ot~ovopia z q ~ xspto~qqj', xteavotaza hotx6v ~xqp iaoav cipsoa fi ipp&oa Kat TO vqoi rqq Asu~a6a5, 06qyhvraq xpoooptva o s 6 ta~oxq K ~ O E ixvouq avephxtvqq 6paozqpt6zqza~

52. Eu. Xpuooq, ccCuppohil o ~ q v m o p i a ~ q q H~s ipou ~a.rir ~ q v npo~opujav~tvfi &KO-

xfi)), H X 2 3 (1981), 25.

Georgia Pliakou

Wine, olive oil and the purple-duy. Evidence for the productive activities in ancient Leukas.

Summary

The ancient city of Leukas, lies at the northeastern coast of the island, having the same name. The city was surrounded by an extensive, suitable for cultivation plain. Although there is no information about agricultural products in the ancient sources, the archaeological data originating from the recent excavations in the area outside the walls, have satisfactorily covered this gap. The earliest remains of farmhouses confirmed outside the walls, in the countryside of ancient Leukas, date mainly to the 4th and 3rd century B.C.

These premises have not maintained any kind of agricultural equipment, but the production of wine -and most probably olive oil, too- is indirectly indicated by the numerous amphora shreds found at the warehouse of the ancient port and associated with the trade of agricultural products of the city.

During the early roman period extensive building complexes - farmhouses are founded, basically on sites where Hellenistic farmhouses pre-existed. Those complexes are located beside main roads which cross the ancient cemeteries, as well as leading to the city, and had at people's disposal organized workshops. Oil extraction areas and equipment were spotted (millstones of crushing basins press beds, carbonized olive pits), wine presses, as well as elements of a workshop for the production of the purple -duy. Since roman times the walled city of Leukas has almost been deserted and the systematic exploitation of land besides every other productive activity in Leukas, were controlled by major roman centers, mainly by the neighbouring Nikopolis.

KP.421. AAAI KAI nOP(DYPA 63

XX. 2.0865 @thoo6cpov, avazoht~6 zp4pa: o ~ h p o q sou ~hatontsorqpiou.

ZP.4ZI. AAAI KAI llOP(DYPA 65

KPAZI, AAAI KAl FIOPOYPA 67

CX. 6. Xhpzqq nsptox-ilq a p ~ a i a ~ Aeuah6aq. 1.6uzuafi uypotaia o8ob @thoobcpov 2. uva- .zohtKil aypoucia 0606 @thoobcpov 3. hqvoi o ~ o Pbpeto veapozacpeio 4. a y p o ~ ~ i a ozq

O i q M~yah11 B p r j q 5. a y p o t ~ i a oztq xapucpi~ zou voztou ve~pozacp~iou.

KPAZI, AAAI KAI FIOPOYPA 69

Eric. 2.0665 @thoo6cpov, ava toh t~b zpfipa. 0 x h p o ~ rou ~hatoxtsorqpiou

E ~ K . 4. Op0oyhv1a P h q yta zq o ~ q p t t q zqq Si,htvq< Fo~oi , zou poxhoi, zou n t ~ o z q piou

KPAZI, AAAI KAI lIOP(DYPA 73

E ~ K . 10.0665 Qthoa6cpwv, 6vz1~6 zpfipa. HptcrcpatptK05 pvh6hteo< (orbis) ax6 1 \ .~~kvq crCv0htyqs (trapetum), os Cva an6 zovq ~ h p o v s zov ~rtpiov

- -. -- .. .\.-\A1 KAI nOP@YPA

E ~ K . 14. Tpqpa ax6 puh6htf3o (orbis), p s s n i n s 6 ~ ~ E@OTEPLK& E X ~ ( P ~ V E ~ E S

E ~ K . 15.0665 c~ thoo6~&v, avaroht~b rpflpa. To 0"yKpbrqpa rov 660 hqvhv