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⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᨥᖒ⦥쉒ᯕᯝ
1313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313⥥₉ᯕḶᮡᨦⅪḥŁᬊ⇽ၰĞᱽၽᱥsub໕ᨱᕽๅᬑŝᱢᯙᱥఖᮝಽᖙĥ
bǎᮡšಉჶȽษಉၰၽᱥĥ⫮ᙹพ ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ ᮂᖒḡᬱ⦹Ł ᄁԉᮡ ᬵ⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶȽෝษಉ⦹Ł 72aᮝಽ⥥₉ᯕ
ᇥ ǎᯙෝ⨩ᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵ʑၹ⪶ݡ⦹ᩡ ᦥᬙ ᄁԉᮡĞᱽၽᱥᨱෙᗭाa ᕽǍᔾ⪽➉᮹⪶ᔑᮝಽ⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦᯕɪᗮၽᱥŁŁฯᮡɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕᦿᨕḥ⇽⦹Ł۵
ᰆᯕӹḡɩʭḡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆḥ⇽ŝšಉǎԕ᮹ᩑǍ۵ᱥ⦽ᝅ
ᱶᯕ ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ǎԕʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾ
⧕ᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ᬑญ᮹ၽʑᨦᨱiacuteŝᱢḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᖒŖᯙᱽ
⦹Ł ⦽
ᩑǍđŝᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽᱶ₊⦽ʑᨦᮡb᮹ʑᨦᖒŝvᱱᨱ฿۵
ษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑Ŗᱢᯙ⧖ᝍᖒŖᯙᮡᖁၽᵝᯕᱱ᮹ݡ⦽⪽
ᬊ ŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᖁḢ aᱥఖǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ᄅ⊹ษᮝಽӹԍ
ᵝᱽᨕ ⥥₉ᯕḶ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᄁԉᔍಡᇥᕾ
1313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313131313
Ⳓᕽ ು
⥥₉ᯕḶᯕᨦⅪḥŁᬊ⇽ၰĞ ᱽၽᱥᨱᕽๅᬑŝᱢᯙaumlᮝಽӹӹ໕
ᕽᖙĥbǎᮡšಉჶȽษಉၰḡᬱĥ⫮ᙹพ ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
13 ᕽᬙŝ⦺⧊ݡ⦺ᬱĞ⦺ၶᔍŝᱶVXQJSLOXPJPDLOFRP1313Ʊᝁᱡ ᇡƱᙹᖙݡ⦺ƱĞݡ⦺ GRQOHHVHMRQJDFNU
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ᬑญӹ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹Łᬊ⇽ŝෝᯙ⦹ŁᇡḡĞᱽᇡᵲᗭʑᨦℎၰ275$ ᱶᇡšʑš ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ
ᮂᖒၰ⧕ḥ⇽ ᅙĊᱢᮝಽḡᬱ⦹Ł ⥥₉ᯕᵝǎᯙǎ᮹Ğᬑ⥥₉
ᯕ ᔑᨦᯕĞᱽᨱᕽ₉ḡ⦹۵እᵲᯕๅᬑᕽ ǎ᮹እܩᜅ๘⥥₉
ᯕ ᔑᨦᮡๅᰆᙹอಽᨖᇩ᮹ๅ⇽ᧂʑಾ⦹ᩍ 3᮹ෝᱱ
⧩ŁŁᬊᯙᬱᮡอᮝಽⅾŁᬊ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ 3Zamp ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕaᰆฯᯕḥ⇽⧕۵ᵲǎᮡ ʑ χᩍ᮹⥥₉ᯕ
ቭऽᯕอ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹ŁŁ275$ ᬑญӹ᮹Ğᬑ
ʑ χᩍ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽᯕอᩍ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹໕ᕽๅ⇽ᧂᬱŁᬊᯙᬱ อᮝಽ እݡ3 ⅾŁᬊݡእ ෝ ₉ḡ⦽ aumlᮝಽ ӹԍ
KWWSIUDQFKLVHIWFJRNUɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽᮡǎᰆᯕ⪵ᔢᨱݍ⦹໕ᕽəᨱݡ⦽❭Ǎಽ
⧕ḥ⇽ aᗮ⪵⦹Ł +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ǎᔢݡ⥥₉ᯕ ᵲᨱ
ᕽa⧕ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍḢႊᮝಽ⪚ᮡaᱱ ⧕ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Łᮝ໑ᯕᵲᔢݚᙹ۵ǎԕᅕ ⧕ᨱๅᰆ KWWSฯᯕᅕ⦹ŁZZZHQWUHSUHQHXUFRPIUDQFKLVHVIUDQFKLVHᯕᮡ⧕ḥ⇽Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ
ᮝӹɝᨱ۵ᵲǎ⦽ǎԉᦥᦥቭḩᄁԉ ᝁǎᰆᨱḥ⇽ ݡ⪶
⦹Ł ᬑญ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦᮡԕᙹᵝಽᖒᰆ⧕᪅a ᱥಽǎԕቭ
ऽᯕ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹ʑ᯲⧩Ł⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦᨱᕽ ɡಽჭĞᯕᬭऽaᨩ
əӹ⧕ḥ⇽⦽ǎԕቭऽ۵ᦥḢԕᨱᇩŝ⦹Łḥ⇽ǎa ᵲǎԉᦥǎᨱ⊹ᵲ 275$
ᄁԉᮡ อ᮹ᰆȽᨱᩑɁ᮹ĞᱽၽᱥᨱෙᗭाaᕽǍ
ᔾ⪽➉᮹⪶ᔑ⪵᮹ၽݍᮝಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦᯕɪᗮၽᱥŁ۵
ᰆᯕ 7KDQK XRQJ ᄁԉ᮹Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬ
ᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙ
ᙹᯕŁ ᄁԉᱶᇡaᬵ⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶȽෝษಉ⦹Ł
72aᮝಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥǎᯙෝ⨩ᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽
᮹UgraveฝᯕᱥᱽNtilde໕ᕽᖙĥ᮹ɡಽჭቭऽᮡುᬑญʑᨦ ᦿᨕ
ᄁԉᰆᨱᗮᗮḥ⇽⦹Ntildeӹ₥እෝ⦹Ł
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⧕ᰆᨱ٩ ಅ⧁ᔢ⫊ᯕӹ⧕ᰆᱶᅕᇡ ᮝಽᨕಅᬡ ċŁ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ǎԕ⦺ĥ᮹ᩑǍ۵ᗱΞ ᱶಽᱢᮡߑaݡᔢḡᩎ ݡ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧊᮹ᕽ
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ᝁᰍ ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊ŝᱥ ᇥᕾ⧕ᅕŁᄁԉᨱḥ
⇽⦹ᩍᖒŖᱢᮝಽᱶ₊⦹Ł۵ǎԕʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾ ⧕⨆ᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ಅ۵ᬑญ᮹ၽʑᨦᨱiacuteŝᱢᯙḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᖒŖᯙ ᱽ⦹Ł ⦽
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ෝ❱ๅ⧁ǭญෝwiacute໑ ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯕ⦽ǭญᨱݡ⦽ᔍᬊഭෝ⥥₉ᯕᱡᨱ
iacuteḡᇩ⧁᮹ෝwiacute໑ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteǭญෝᇡᩍ⦹Łḡᬱ⧁᮹
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ᱢ ∊ᇥᬕᯕa⦹Łᱶ᮹ḡᬱǍ ԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ⦺᮹ʑ⫭ෝᱽŖ⦽Ł
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❱ๅ⦹۵Ŗɪ ॽ᮹šĥᯕᔢॵᜅญቑᖹ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡ
aᔢಽŁෝ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔍᬊ⨩aෝ⧕ᵝӹᔍᨦ ᬕ⦹۵ᱥℕᜅ ᱽŖ
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ᨕ₉ऽ₉ᨱᕽᅝᙹ ᔢॵᜅญቑᖹ⥥₉ᯕḶᯕⅾᗭๅ
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ᯝbᨱᕽᱽʑŁ ǎᯕෙฯᮡӹᮡᱥᱢ ᔢ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡ⥥
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ᯕ ມ ⥥₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacute⦽ᯕᔢ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⦹iacute⦹۵ĥ
ႊᮝಽḡᩎၽDUHD GHYHORSPHQW⥥₉ᯕษᜅ⥥₉ᯕಽǍᇥ ḡᩎ
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⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽šಉʑ ᩑǍaacute
⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵
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ᱢᱢ᮲ ⦽ ⪙⫊ʑᨱ۵ᔢၰᕽእᜅᙹ᮹aಽ⪶ᰆ⦹iacute໑ᇩ⫊ʑᨱ۵ᯝ
ญෝᯤᮡ⪵ᯕ⋝ᯕ⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦ ⦹ӹ᮹ݡᦩᮝಽŁಅ⦹໕ᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱ
ᦥḥšᝍᯕ⦽ݡ KLWWPRUH ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡǎ ⧉⦽ᖙĥᱥᩎᨱᕽᨦ
Ⅺḥ Łᬊ⇽ၰĞ ᱽၽᱥ ⦽ๅᬑᵲ⦽ᱥఖᮝಽŁಅᨕ +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡ ᕽእᜅᔑᨦɡಽჭ⪵᮹ᯙᯕᨕᮝ໑4XLQQ $OH[DQGHU ᕽእᜅᔑᨦʑᨦᮡ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹⥥₉ᯕḶ ⧕ᰆ⪶ᰆ
⧕ $OWLQH ⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹⦽⩶ᵲᨱᕽእܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕḶᮡᕽእ
ᜅᔑᨦʑᨦᯕɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᖒᰆ⧕ӹa۵ߑᨕᕽaᰆᔍᬊ⧕᪉⩶ᯕ
+RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ෝᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽእᱢᯙၽᱥݡ ᯕ ǎ᮹
እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡߑᨕɪᗮ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡ۵ݡ ᩍ
᮹ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡᮡ⧕ๅᰆᙹෝaʭᯕ۹ಅอᨱᯕiacuteᨩŁᵝ
ḥ⇽ǎᮡ⋱ӹ ᯝᅙ⪙ βǎ ᵝಽᖁḥǎᨱḲᵲᨩ 3UHEOH +RIIPDQ ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹a⧕ᨱๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽӹӹŁ
DQW 3HUULJRW ampOLTXHW እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡǎǎԕᰆᨱ
ᕽ aacute⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ ⧕ಽḥ⇽aumlᯕ RKHUW ᯕ۵➉ᜅ
ऽᔑᨦ᮹ɡಽჭ⪵ᔍಡᨱᕽᇥӹӹ۵ߑ⧕ᰆḥ⇽ႊჶ᮹⦹ӹಽᕽቭᭉ
ᯕๆձऽ )ampฯᮡ➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮡǎԕᰆᨱᕽ∊ᇥ⦽Ğ⨹ŝʑၹ ⪶
ᅕ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ⧕ಽḥ⇽⧕ (URJOX ᯕᮡᝁ᮹ቭ
ऽๅᰆᖪיᬑ⦹ᬑෝ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᱽŖ⦹۵ݡᝁᨱๅ⇽ᧂᨱݡ⦽ಽᩕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
۵ ᪅۹ԁᔢݚᙹɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ෝ⧕ǎᰆᨱᕽ
ᅕ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽᙹᯖ ฯᯕԕŁ ෝ໕ๆձऽ᮹Ğᬑ ⅾๅ⇽
᮹ෝ⧕ᨱᕽŁᮝ໑ )amp⦝⨼ቭऽෝᅕ⦹Ł۵ltXPUDQGV QF᮹
Ğᬑ ᇥʑๅ⇽ᨱᕽᵲǎԕๅ⇽ᧂᨖᇩᯕǎԕๅ⇽ᨖอᇩ ᦿḩ
ౡ ZZZZLNLQYHVWFRPVWRFN ǎᔢݡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹a⧕ᨱḥ⇽⧕
ᮝ໑ๆձऽ )amp (OHYHQ ᔢݚᙹቭऽᮡ⧕ๅᰆᙹaǎԕๅᰆᅕฯ
ZZZHQWUHSUHQHXUFRPIUDQFKLVHVLQGH[KWPO 1L $ORQ DQW ۵ǎ➉ᜅऽ
⥥₉ᯕෝݡᔢᮝಽ⦽ᔍෝ⧕aᱱᯕฯᙹಾๅᰆᯕᩍᵝᨱ⟝Კᙹ
ಾ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢᯙ⨆ ᵝ۵auml ၽč⧩ ⦽ᯙ ᯙ ݡ ᱶᅕᝁʑᚁ᮹ၽݍᮡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᨱɮᱶᱢ
⨆ ⅅ ᬑᖁḡญᱢᮝಽມญਉᨕḥӹᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕḡŝ᮹ᗭၰܩ
ยᯕᅕᬱ⪽⧕ᲭŁእᬊ໕ᨱᕽ⭉ᦍᱡಕ⧕Ჭ ᐱอᦥܩᅕ ᗭȽ⥥₉
ᯕ ɡಽჭ⪵ෝiacuteḥ⧪⧁ᙹiacuteᨩ $PRV ᯕ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ŝšಉʑᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯕು ᖅ⦹۵ݡᯕು
ᯙᬢᔕ8SSVDODߙ-RKDQVRQ 9DKOQH ŝᅙɡಽჭRUQ OREDOߙ5HQQLHsub໕ᨱᕽᅕ໕⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ۵ĥᱢǎᱽ⪵
ߙᯙᬢᔕߙ ෙŁ⧁ᙹԱ⦹໕ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteᯕᦩ
ᜅ ǎԕᰆŝ۵aumlᯕᔢᯕ⦹Łᔾᗭ⦽⦽⧕ᰆᮝಽaᲙaᕽᖒŖ⦹ʑ۵
ๅᬑᨕಖʑভᯕ ᬢᔕߙᮡʑᨦᮡǎᰆᨱᕽ⪶Ł⦽ʑၹ Ł∊ᇥ⦽
Ğ⨹ ᮡᨱ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹໑ ʑᨦ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᮡĞ⨹ᇡ ⨹⫭⦝᮹ᯕಽ
ᙽḡญᱢNtildeญᅕ۵⪵ᱢᔍᖒ ᝍญᱢNtildeญaaʭᬕǎaಽᇡຝǎaᙽ
ᮝಽḥ⧪Ł ʑᨦ᮹ݡƱඹ۵ᱥᱢᮝಽᙽᙹ⇽ᨱᕽᱱ₉ᱢᮝಽᝍ⪵Ʊඹಽ
ᯕᨕḥŁᖅ⦽ HOFK ۵ ⪚ǎ⥥₉ᯕෝၼᦥᯙݡ β⥥
₉ᯕḡ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᔍಡᩑǍෝ⧕⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ŝᱶ ᙹᵝʑߙಽᖅ
⦽ ǎᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ Ntilde⥥₉ᯕ۵⋱ӹ ǎ⪙ᵝzᮡǎŝ
⪵ᨙᨕᱢᮝಽᔍ⦽ᖁḥǎᮝಽḥ⇽⦹iacute໑ ᯝᅙŝzᮡ⪵ᨙᨕaෙᖁḥ
ǎ əญŁ⦽ǎᵲǎŝzᮡ⪵ᱢᮝಽNtildeญaມŁĞᱽaၽݍᝁǎ ษḡสᮝಽǎ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ ₥ႊ⦽ᖙݡ⥥₉ᯕa⧕ಽḥ
⇽⦹Ł ษ⋉ԕ ᵝǎᯙ ǎᮝಽʭḡ ḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ ᙽ⪹ᵝʑa Ҿӹiacute ۵ aumlᯕ +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ฯᯕᙹ⇽⦹Ntildeӹᙹ⦹۵ӹᮡᕽಽ
ḡญᱢᮝಽaʾNtildeӹ⪚ᮡ⪵ᱢᔍᖒᯕฯᮡauml ၽč⧩ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱš⦽⦺ĥ᮹ᩑǍ۵ḡᩎᱢᮝಽᵝಽǎǎ ᖁḥǎᨱḲ
ᵲ ᯕzᮡᇩɁ⩶ᨱݡ⧕ᝁǎ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ᮹⦥ᖒᯕᱽʑ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
DXIPDQQᨩŁ HLEHQVWHLQ əᯕᝁǎaᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaӹ᪅ʑ᯲⧩
HOVK $DORQ )DOEH ᮡᇡʭḡᝁᰆ ᔢᮝಽ⦽⥥ݡ
₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵ᩑǍෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᵲᇡ᮹Ğᬑᦥᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaaᰆฯᦹ
Łᇩaญᦥಽᦥᦥಽᄁܩᦥ ⧉ᨩᮝ໑ᵲԉ۵ቭḩᨱḲ
ᵲᨩŁᦥᦥ۵ᵲǎ እ⦹ᩍݡอa౩ᯕᦥ⪮ᯙօᦥᯕᩑǍ
ᨩ əᨱᯙ ᭉᯕԉᦥŖᯕ⧉ၽč⧩ 1L $ORQ DQW ۵
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍšಉ⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙǎa₉ᬱᯙŝḢᱢđᱶᯙʑᨦ
₉ᬱᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍಽݡᄥߑ۵⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵ ᱶǎᯕฯ
ᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ෝၼŁ۵ḡ⪚ᮡ ⥥₉ᯕᱡᯕᱶǎ⪚ᮡᱶḥႊჶ
ᖁ⦹۵ḡෝᖅ⦹۵ߑᬊ⦹Łၾ⩵
⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵᮹ᰆᄞ
⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᨱ۵ᅕᯕḡᦫ۵ᰆᄞŝᱽᱱᯕᰍ⦽ ᨱ۵ݡ
ǎᱶᇡ᮹Ƚᱽa ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ ḥ⇽ aಽส۵Ŗᱢᯙ ᱽಽӹԍ
DONHU (W]HO $GLQ DFNHU ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ ⇽ᔢᮝಽ⧕ḥݡ
ಅ⦹۵ᯕෝᔍ⦹ᩡ۵ߑəᮡǎԕᰆ᮹ᖒᰆaᖒ aᰆᯕಽΞᦹ
Łǎ ᱽᱥḡ᮹ᇡ ᰍᱶᱢ⦽ĥǎᰆᨱᕽᨦ⦹۵⨹ᇡݕ ᨩ ǎŝḥ⇽ݡᔢǎe᮹⪵ᨙᨕaෙᱶෝ᮹⦹۵⪵ᱢNtildeญ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᇡᱶ
ᱢ⨆ᵝ۵aumlᮝಽӹԍ ⪵ᱢ₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᨱiacuteᔍᨦᮅญš⧪ᗭၰᖒŝsubᱶᨱᨕᕽ₉ᯕಽᯙ⧕ԕᇡᱢᯙĞŝᬕᔢ᮹ᱽᱱ ၽᔾŁ
ᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵aǍ۵Ğᬑ⩥ḡ᮹ᙹෝᯕ⧕⦹Ł⩥ḡᙹᨱᱢ᮲⦹۵ᨕ
ಅᬡ ʑ۵aumlᮝಽၾ⩡Ჭ (URJOX ᝁᰆḥ⇽ aಽส۵ᱽᱱಽHOVK $DORQ )DOEH ۵ಽၰ
ᙹᙹഭᘂɩ ᱽ⦽⦹۵ᅙȽ ᱽჶᱢᱽ⦽šഭᵝ᮹ᱢᇥʑჶᱢ⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᇩᦩ
ᱶ⦽ᱶ⊹ᔢ⫊ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥ʑᨦᗭ ၰᬕŝšಉჶ᮹᮹ᱢ⧪ ḡᱢᰍᔑ
ǭᅕ⪙ᨱ᮹ᨕಅᬡၰŝ⦽እᬊᗭ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⦽ḡᗮᱢᯙƱᮂܩย
ၰᱽ᮹⦥⪵᮹₉ᯕෝᨩ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU ۵ᝁᰆᨱᕽ᮹
ᱽ⦽aᇥᗭाᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⧉⦽ ᔍᨦ⪽ᨱᱢᬊ۵ɝᅙᱢᯙᱽ
ᯥ ḡᱢ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱၰʑ
zᮡᩍ aḡᱽᱱᰆᄞၰ⨹ᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕᔾᗭ⦽⧕
ᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹۵ᯕ۵ᝅᅕ۵ाᯕฯ۵❱ ভᯕ⧁aumlᯕ (URJOX
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ltəฝ gt ⥥₉ᯕǎᱽ⪵đᱶᯙߙ
۵ǎᱽ⪵aᙹၹ⦹۵⩽ᯕ⨹ᅕ ᙹಾŁĞ⊖ᮡᅕ vಆ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ
⪵᮹᮹ḡෝwiacuteŁእᬊᯖᇥᕾ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᖅ⦽
⇽ (URJOX 6 7KH LQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ 3URFHVV RI )UDQFKLVH 6VWHPV $ ampRQFHSWXDO 0RGHO
(GZDUGV ۵⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱᮝಽᔩಽᬕᙹᯖᬱၽǕHJᨦᙹᙹഭ
ಽᩕᔢ❱ๅǎԕᰆ᮹ qᗭᯕ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteיᬑ⦹ᬑʑᚁၰḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭ᮹⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⪽ᬊɡಽჭʑᨦᯕᮝಽ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᨦℕݡእᔢ
ᱽŁ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡᔩಽᬕᦥᯕॵᨕෝၽǕǎԕಽᩍ᪕ᮝಽǎ
ԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᬑv⪵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭෝᅕ⧉ᨱෙᱥఖᱢᯕᱱၰ
ᅕ Ƚ᮹Ğݡ⪶ ᱽ⨆ ᱽ⦽ᝁᰆ᮹Ğᬑ۵ᵲᔑ⊖᮹⪶ݡᔢ
ᱫᮡ⊖᮹aᰆᰆ⪵᮹ḥᱥၰᯙǍၡḲᖒᙺᱢᮝಽݡ
⪵ၰĞᱽℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹ᕽǍᔢၰᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽ɪ⦹۵ᙹ ⥥₉ᯕ
ḥ⇽ᨱญ⦽⪹ĞᯕᖒŁ HOVK $DORQ )DOEH
⦽ǎԕᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡᩍ aḡʑಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦽
ǎ᮹Ntilde௹ᖁᯕຝᱡᱲⅪ⧕᪅۵Ğᬑᨱᕽᇡʑᨦ᮹ȽĞ᮹᮹ḡḢ
ᯙᇡ⪹Ğᯙ ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ۵⦹iacuteӹӽ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲㘞⩮ᒃ ⵂ
㘆㖮ᡆⳒ⩪ඪ2ඪጾ
6ᤆḪ
ZdonhudqgHwho+4lt6Kdfnhww+4lt9Zdonhu)
Furvv+4ltltZhofk+4ltlt4ltlt3 Dehoo+4ltlt4
ⵃKdfnhww+4lt9 Kriipdq dqg Suheoh+4ltlt6 Zhofk+4ltlt3
Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ჹ⩇Ꭺ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7 Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
㛿Ꭺ Kdfnhww+4lt9Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7Zhofk+4ltlt3
ทᅞ㒖㛾 KriipdqdqgSuheoh+4ltlt6Zhofk+4ltlt3Hurjox+4ltlt5
ສᤆᴶ♯⟦ᤆᣎ⩪ඊ⎠⟪᪇ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltKrsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ḫ㜂൧㛢 Hurjox+4ltlt5Kriipdq)Suheoh+4ltlt6
♯ຆ᭒ Hurjox+4ltlt5 D|glq)Ndfnhu+4ltlt3
᪇ Zdonhu)Furvv+4ltlt
൧㚂 ൧ ท൧㚂 㚂⋂
♯ ൧ ⟊ඪඪ+Ⅻඟ㜶
∶⤚㘓⟪㘳ᖛᲹท♯㙏
Hurjox+4ltlt5
⦻ಪỮ⟒ QlDorq)Gdqw +533lt
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ
⇽ RKHUW ၰᱡ ᅕ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵ ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
ᨱᕽၽ⦽ࢱ᮹ᖙӹഭaəe᮹ᩑǍԕᬊ ᇥᕾᱽ⦹۵⦽ᦿᮝಽ᮹ႊ
⨆ ᱽ⦹Ł ʡᵝ ᝁᰍᮡʑ᮹ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᯕ
⇽ᇡᇥ⧕ḥݡ ⦽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾᙹᵡᯕŁḡᱢ⦽ ᔍಡ
ʑᨦᯕᱽ⦹Ł۵ᱥఖႊᦩᩑǍݡᦩᯕӹđŝಽԕᮡᩑǍಽ~šᖒᯕđᩍ
Łᱶᨦŝᱶḡᩎḥ⇽ಽ⦽ᱶ໑⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⥥₉ᯕ ⩥ḡĥၰ
ᬕᔢ᮹Otilde⪵ᱢĞᱽᱢ⪹Ğᱢ₉ᯕa⧕ḥ⇽⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᖒŝᨱ⊹۵
⨆ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥⦹Łv⧩ ᯥɁᬱᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯙ Ḣᯙbᨱᕽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ⥥
₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ƚᩎᔍᱱ᮹ḡญᱢᇥa⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢ⨆ ⊽Łၾ
Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᦿᕽᬱŝᩎపᯕ∊ᇥ⦽ḡᩍᇡෝaacute⧕⦹Łǎԕᩍ ḡᩎᨱUgraveℱᱱෝᬕ⦹۵aumlᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦹Łᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ Ḣᯙ
ᨱ ǎԕᰆ᮹⪵⧕ᰆ᮹⪵ᱢNtildeญᱢ₉ᯕ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹ᖒᰆʑ⫭⪽ᬊ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
㚮㚮ᶟ
+5339⦻ท
⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯ඪ㘆⅖ᣪḮ
0⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯⦻ඟ♯48⅖♯8⅖ᨦᎪⅫ
⟦ᤆ㘆⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0⦪Ữ൮ⶲ⩮⦻ท♯൮ᤆᅂኮ⅖ᣪḮ
0ඟ⦻ท⩮⟮㘞 4Ꭺ㘆 Ⅻ㘆 ᶞ⋂⩻ඦḮ 5
ᬯ㛿㘆᭓㔆⩪ 6㚮⩪ᆲ㘓⟮㉟㘆❺Ḫ
㚮⩪⤚᪇ถ 7㚮⩪ⳮඪᲹ㚮⩪㛾ᩲᖛ⟮
㜂Ჿᬯ㚮+533
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅖♯ท㛾ᒃඪ㘆ㅺⅳᎎ⦻⅖ᣪถ
0EET᭒ᎇສᤆሪḪทᅞඟ㘞⩮㚮㜓Ჹ൮㜷ඪ㘆⅖
ᣪ⤚⅖
0 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ 㘞⩮⟮ 㘞ጾ 4 ♯ ⟊ ⤚⩫㛾 ፲⩂ඦ 5
㉟㘓ᓆᩲᱎ፲part፲⩂ᠦጾᓺಪ⩪ᡟ∷⟮⟦
ᤆ6ᶢทᣏ㘆ᬯถᓂ㘒⟮
⤚Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
ಪᲢท⟶⟮ಪ㘆ท᪅⟦ᤆ=ᤙᐚඟඦᎣᬞඦ
0ᑮᅊᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆᤙᐚ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟḮ
0ᑮᆺᖆ㘮ᴮച᪅ᩲᡟຢඊಪⵞ൚ᖛ㘆ท㘆
ทᯢ㛾Ḫ㘓ᓂ⩪⟶⟮⦦
0 ᤙᐚጾ ಪ Ტท ⟶ 㘮ᴮചᨦ 㘆ท ᪅+Ḳඊᴮച ᖛ⟦
ᤆㅮↇᲹᑮᆺᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟถ⅖ᨦ
㉟㘞ทᅞ♯൮Ꭺ⟊⟒⟊
0ⶲ㘞⩮⦻ท⩮⟪⤞ສᤆᴶẶᡆᖆ൧㝒⟒Ꭺ
⟻ᲹⳒᵮ㛾Ტ㠋ຢඊ㚮⩪㛾Ḫ⤛⟦ᤆ൧㚂
ර㛢⟊⤚㟂+533
㉊⤯ Ặᡆᖆᆲ EETຢᦣ ทᅞ Ჹ ສᤆᴶ ᩲ
ᡟ
0EETຢᦣඟඦ൮⩮ᡟ
0ඟ⟦ᤆ 4 FHRඦ⅖♯Ữ 5 Ⳓᵮ㛾ᓆ ❺
ᨂ 6⟋ᲹU)G+ㅒᎪ㘃 7㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ
⨲ᲹⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ⟊㉟㖮ᠦถᖛ⟮
㛢⅖Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯Ꭺ⦻ท⩮ඟඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ทⅫ㘞∶ 㘆ท Ჾശ Ꭺ PDUFRSROR ඊೇ733ᬯ⟮ Ꭺ
Ⅻ⟦ᤆ㛷ᶞỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮ⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0㘆ทᲾശಪᎪPDUFRSRORᶞᎎỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ
⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮᨦᶞ⟦ᅂ㛷ᶞጾㄚⳒಪ⟦ᱪ
ᤆ㛷ᶞ㜆㛾㗮
⪹Ğᯙŝ⧉ ᇥᕾ⧕⦹໑⧕ᰆḥႊ ⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⦽Ḣᱱᬕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶaᱱ⩥ḡᬕ ᮹đᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ⦥ᖒ ᱽ⦹ᩡ əᯕᨱӹ᪉ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵እಾᩍᱥᵲǎᰆᨱḲᵲ
Łḡอᅕ ~šᱢb ḡ⦹ಅ۵ᱢᯕӹӹŁ
ǎԕ᮹ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽šಉ ᩑǍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
⋂+533lt ⦻ท
⦻ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯㜂൧ඦ㘆ท♯⩮ᡟ
0 NIF +⦦ሪḪᲾശᲢ㗦ᖛ⦻ท⩮ทᅞ♯ඟ
⅖ᣪḮ0ඟ⩮ᡟ⟦ᤆ 4 ⩫ 㝮ಪ ᡟ 5 㘆ಪ 6
ⵊ㘆⅖⤚⅖ඦ㘃⩪ 7㔲ᲹỮ㚮⩪㛾ᲹⳒᵮ
㛾ᡟ 8 ❺ඪຆᴾ㛾㚮⩪㛾ᡟ 9 ♯⅖㜶
㘆㘳 ⅲᤆඦ⋂᭒ᐢ⩪∷พᖛ⟮ൖ
∺Ⅻᴾ+5343 ⦻ท
Ꭺ♯㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⦻ท⩮ඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ท⩮Ꭺ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯6⅖Ꭺ㘆⅖ᣪ
0ඟ㉟ඟ⟦ᤆ4㔆⦪㛾ຆᴾ㛾 5 ᣏ㘆⟋㝲ᣒⵞ൮Ữ 6 ᶢท ඟ ൧㚂 ኮ ᖛ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅖඊ ⩮ጾ
⩫㝮ಪಪ⦦ᑮಪ∶⟊൧⟮Ḯ㘂ጾ⩫
ᖛⅫ㘆ഭ⟦ᤆ㚪⩺
ᅂᎪⳖ+5343
Ტท
㘆㔢ᖆ㚿㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᢲ㉊ᠻᲢท⩮2⟮㘆ᖾ᭒㚿
ⶲถ0Ტทᅞ⟶4ඝ⦻ᒃ⟶7ඝẶᡆᖆ⅖ᣪ⤚⅖
0ಫ Ặᡆᖆᖎ⟪ Ặᡆᖆ ᐞᨦ ᢖ ᴿ⟦ᤆ㔆㚮㘂ඊ ⟦ᅂ 㘞Ꭳ
ጞ 㘞 Ꭺᓂጾ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟪ ᎎ∶ ᓂඊ 㘆1
⨳ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟮ ㉟㘞 ඊೇശ 㛢⟮ ⦦ ᶞᎎጾ㚮⩪㛾ᨦ㉟㘆㑢㘂ඊ㘆ᖾ⟦ᤆᎎಪಪඊጾഭ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅒ
⇽ ᱡᱶญ
Ⳕᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᇥᕾ
ᄁԉĞ ᱽ⩥⫊ၰᱥ
ᄁԉᮡ ᯝᯕݡԕᱢᮝಽᱶ⊹ĞᱽᱢŅċᨩݡᱢᮝಽ۵
ǎ᮹ɩᙹ⊹ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎĞᇥᰢ⋥ᅕॵᦥಆᱱಚᮝಽᯙ⦽ǎᱽᱢእӽᩍುԪᱶ
ᯕᵲǎᗭಉ᮹ḡᬱᵲ᮹ᨕಅᬡŝݡԕᱢᮝಽ۵Ŗᔑᵝ᮹ᱶ₦᮹ᝅ➉Ḳℕ⪵
ᨱෙᨦᔾᔑ᮹እᮉaŝ⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽ᨦᔾᔑపĊqŝపӽᮝಽĞᱽ
ᱢᨕಅᬡᯕḡᗮᨩŁᱶ⊹ᱢŁพ Ⅹ௹⦹ᩡ ᯕ⦽ᱶ⊹Ğᱽᱢʑෝ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ ⩢ŝႊ ʼnಽ⦹۵
microᯕນᯕparaᱶ₦ ᝅ⦹ᩍĞᱽ⫭ᅖ᮹ᱥʑෝษಉ⦹ᩡ ᯕ Ⅹᬵ⦽ᱥႊƱי
ᖁʑ ⦹ᨱᝅᬊᵝ᮹ෝɝeᮝಽݡᱶ₦᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹ᩡ ⋥ᅕॵᦥᵝ
ᄁԉǑᙹၰ⋥ᅕॵᦥᔍಽᦦ⪵ᨩݡᵲšĥෝᖁ⧕ ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎƱ
ᱶᔢ⪵ෝᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᬵ$6($1ᰆš⫭᮹᪖ᱡქₙᕾ ᯲ᮝಽ
ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
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ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
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lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
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451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
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551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
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581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
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641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
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ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ⵞᬯ2Ặᡆᖆᬯ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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ᄁԉĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ʑᵡⅾᄁԉᨦℕa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⨩aෝ≉ा⧩ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ
⦝ 3KRᝡǎᙹ LQK RᄁᯕญᯕᖒŖ⦽ᄁԉ ⥥₉ᯕಽaၼ
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ᔢ⦹Ł ᄁԉ᮹ᜅღᜅಽᇩญᬑ۵7UXQJ1JXHQι᮲ᨵᮡ DQJᔾᯕᨩݡ᮹ݚ
H 1JXHQ 9Xݚ౩᮲ᨵᇡŝə᮹⊽Ǎᨱ᮹⧕ᨦᨩ Ⅹʑᨱ۵ḩᯕᳬᮡᬱ
⧩ᰆᔍಽ⇽ၽࢱෝ⪙⊹ၝ᮹⦝ᨱŖɪ⦹۵ᙽ⦽ᬱࢱ əӹݡ⦝ᱥᱱ
᮹ᙹᯖᖒŝၽᱥaᖒ e❭⦽ᯕᮡ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ ampRIIHHቭऽಽ⦝ᱥ
ᱱ ᩕᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦹יᯕḥ⇽ၰaᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍᄁԉᨦℕಽ۵Ⅹಽ⧕
ᨱ⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙǎ⋥ᅕॵᦥᨱḥ⇽⧩Ł ᨱ۵
ǎa᮹⦝ᰆ Ŗఖ⦽۵᮹ಽᯕ۵⥥ญᨥᯙᜅ⦝ቭऽෝ⇽
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₉ᯕ ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ᖙĥᱽ᮹⦝ᔾᔑǎᯙᄁԉᨱᕽᙹ⪶⦽ᝁᖁ⦽ᩍ᮹ᬱࢱ⦝ෝ᮹⨆ᮝಽaŖ⦹ᩍᗭእᯕb ≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteᖁ⧁ᙹiacute⦽
ᱱᯕ⧖ᝍᖒŖᯙᮝಽΞᝡǎᙹᱥᱱᮝಽaḡᰍഭෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł⦹eᖙĥŔŔᨱ⟝Კ۵ๅᰆᵲ
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ᦥᨱᮝಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦹ᩡŁ ᨱ۵⦽ǎ⪮ษ⋕᪅ᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ⩥ᰍᄁԉᱥǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆŝǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Łᮝ໑ ᨱە
ᨱๅᰆ ԝĥ⫮ᯕ อᇩ᮹ๅ⇽ ʑಾ⦹ᩡŁᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ๅᰆ
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ᄁԉ᮹ᱥ⩶ᱢᯙʙNtildeญᯙᝡǎᙹ۵e⧕ᅕᯕḡอᇢḡႊŝԉḡႊ᮹
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ᮝ໑እƱᱢᗭᅙᨦᝁȽๅᰆᖅᨱอᇩԕᯕa⦹Łᵡ⪵ᝁᖁ⦽
ᰍŖɪᮝಽᨕ۱Ŕᨱᕽӹ᮹ᯝᖒ ᯕaumlᯕᖒŖᯙᮝಽᇥᕾ
⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ⨩a≉ाᄁԉᨦℕ ญᜅ
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aɩḡŁᄁԉʑᨦŝ᮹⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⧕ᕽอḥ⇽ᯕa⧩ʑভᨱ
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ಅḡŁ ᯕ۵ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ)amp᮹⥥₉ᯕḡಽᕽ)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡḩš
ญᕽእᜅ ḡ⧁ᙹ۵ᱢĊᔍᨦ❭թෝʑaᨕಖŁ❱⧩ʑভᯕ
)amp۵ḥ⇽Ⅹʑᗱᝅqᙹ⦹ŁḡᗮᱢᮝಽŖĊᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ⧕᪅Ł ḥ⇽ᯕ௹ℌeᱢෝ໕⊹⦽aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ ⅩʑɩȽ۵
ŖᱢᮝಽŖၵᨧᮝӹᗭᇩಽ⇵ᱶ ⪙ᱱᯕ⊹⦽⪙⊹ၝᛩ⟝ᅝ
Otildeᮡ)amp 9LHWQDPᖅพᨱšᩍ⦽687aᔍaෙʑᨦŝ⧊᯲ᮝಽᖅพ⦽
OtildeಽᕽⅩʑᱢෝqᙹ⦹Łᵲᰆʑᱢšᱱᨱᕽ⪙ᱱ ḡᗮᱢᮝಽᬕ⦹ᩡ ḥ⇽
Ⅹʑᨱ۵ݚᰆ᮹ᯕᯖᝅ⩥ᅕ ᔾᱢᯕŁˉҸ⦽➉ᜅऽᱱᯕ۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡ
Ǎ⇶ᨱᵝಆ⧩ )amp۵ᇡᄁԉᨱඹqᯕDZ⦹໕ᕽʑෝ฿ᦹᮝӹᰍ
ዉญ βەෝݎᨱᕽᔾᖁᮝಽၵЙ۵ ᮖᖒ ၽ⧕ᨱ۵ᱥݡእๅෝʑಾ⦹໕ᕽəe᮹ᱢݡ⇽ Ǎaಽᱥ⪹ᨩ ᩍᱥඹqᯕʑ
ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
ᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡaᯕᨕᲭ۵ߑ aeᮡᄁԉᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆᬕᨱ
əⅅᮝӹ ɪᗮಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕ
ԍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
)amp۵ᄁԉ⊹➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ ᱱ⦹
۵ᄁԉݡ᮹ᖒŖᱢቭऽಽaŁᮝ໑ ჶᯙᖙԊᇡᙽෝʑ
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ᮝಽᄁԉᗭእ ⪚ᔢᮝಽቭऽᖁݡ ᔍđŝᨱ໕➉ᜅऽᨦℕ
ಽ۵ᯝ⦹iacute)ampaෝ₉ḡ⧩
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᖁၽᵝಽᰆᖁᱱ
ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ᮹ᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH ᬊ⦹ᩡ⪾⦽ݡ )amp۵ɡಽჭቭऽ
ᨱอ⦹ḡᦫŁၵᇡᰆ ၽ⦹۵ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹ᩡ )ampa
ᄁԉᨱᔢය⧩ ᙹᄁԉᗭእᔍᯕᨱᕽ)amp۵ᱥᖙĥᱢᮝಽݡᨱ۵ݚ
ಅḥɡಽჭቭऽaᦥܩᦥ βᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡŁᄁԉᗭእᮡ)ampaᱽŖ⦹
۵➉ᜅऽᨱ ᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᕽⅩʑᨱ۵)ampቭऽෝญ໑➉ᜅऽ
౩ᜅ௲᮹ᜅ ᱶ₊Ł⦽ษ⪽ ⧕Ł~ ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᵝಆ⧩ )ampቭऽᯕḡෝᯕʑ⧕e❱ๅᰆॵᯙๅᰆℎđᔢᨦᬱᕽእᜅ
ᱢᯙ໕ᮡುᰍݍญษᜅ₊ᬊ ᅕOtildeᔾᨱ ᖙᝍ⦽ᝁĞ ʑᬙᩍ)amp۵ℎđ⦹Łᦩ⦽ᝅԕᨱᕽᦩᱥ⦹Łᔾᱢᯙ ບ ᙹ۵ᯕḡෝ⪶
ᔑ ᄁԉᩑᯙᦥᯕə൚ʑᬊ⦽79ŲŁaᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญ
ᔍ⪵᮹ᇩ⧉ŝእᔾᱢᯙᱱ v⦹۵ᨱ)ampๅᰆԕᔍ᮹ญℎđ⧉
ᇡb۵79ŲŁෝ⧕)amp᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁ⊽ᙺ⦹iacute⦹ᩡ
⪶⦽Ł~⊖ᖅᱶ
Ł~⊖ ⪶ᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᯙǍ᮹ၹᯕᔢᯕᖙอᯕŁᦥ௹ ᨕฑᯕᱫᮡᯕᯕǎ⪵ෝᵝᱲ⦹Łᛞiacuteၼᦥᯕ۵ᱱ qᦩə ĉՆ⦽ษ⪽
v⪵⧩ ᨕฑᯕᬊᰆӽqᱶᔾᯝ⇽⦹ᬊᄥەၽ ᄥษĥ
⫮ ⧕ᨕฑᯕ ௹᮹Ł~ᮝಽҭᨕᯕŁๅᰆԕᨱᨕฑᯕסᯕ ᖒ⦹ᩍ
Ł~ᯕᨕಙ ভ)ampቭऽෝə᮹aᗮᨱᝍᨕᵭᮝಽ ᩑᜅiacuteᨕෙᯕᨕ
ᕽ )amp᮹Ł~ᯕ۵auml ⧩ ญᜅษᜅʑeᵲיᇢ⧙ऽ03ᖵ⊁
ᔍᮡ⧪ᔍෝ⧕ᱫᮡᯕ ҭᨕᩡ ᝅᱽಽ)amp᮹ᨕฑᯕ➉ḡ۵ๅ⇽᮹ᯕᔢ ₉ḡ⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⩥ḡ⪵
⩥ḡ⪵ᨱיಆ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆe❱ (178amp(lt )ULHG ampKLFNHQᨕݡᝁᨱ$ 5$1(178amp(lt ಽ (178amp(lt Łᔍอ ԉʑŁ )ULHG ampKLFNHQᮡ ᄁԉᨕಽ $ʑ1$5ݎ ಽၵЙᨕᯝၹᗭእᯕᦥᅕಾ⧩ อᯙ)amp۵ə
ಽᔍᬊ⦹Łݡ ๅᰆᨦᬱᮡᄁԉᯙಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
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ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
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ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ᬑญӹ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹Łᬊ⇽ŝෝᯙ⦹ŁᇡḡĞᱽᇡᵲᗭʑᨦℎၰ275$ ᱶᇡšʑš ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ
ᮂᖒၰ⧕ḥ⇽ ᅙĊᱢᮝಽḡᬱ⦹Ł ⥥₉ᯕᵝǎᯙǎ᮹Ğᬑ⥥₉
ᯕ ᔑᨦᯕĞᱽᨱᕽ₉ḡ⦹۵እᵲᯕๅᬑᕽ ǎ᮹እܩᜅ๘⥥₉
ᯕ ᔑᨦᮡๅᰆᙹอಽᨖᇩ᮹ๅ⇽ᧂʑಾ⦹ᩍ 3᮹ෝᱱ
⧩ŁŁᬊᯙᬱᮡอᮝಽⅾŁᬊ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ 3Zamp ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕaᰆฯᯕḥ⇽⧕۵ᵲǎᮡ ʑ χᩍ᮹⥥₉ᯕ
ቭऽᯕอ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹ŁŁ275$ ᬑญӹ᮹Ğᬑ
ʑ χᩍ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽᯕอᩍ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹໕ᕽๅ⇽ᧂᬱŁᬊᯙᬱ อᮝಽ እݡ3 ⅾŁᬊݡእ ෝ ₉ḡ⦽ aumlᮝಽ ӹԍ
KWWSIUDQFKLVHIWFJRNUɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽᮡǎᰆᯕ⪵ᔢᨱݍ⦹໕ᕽəᨱݡ⦽❭Ǎಽ
⧕ḥ⇽ aᗮ⪵⦹Ł +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ǎᔢݡ⥥₉ᯕ ᵲᨱ
ᕽa⧕ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍḢႊᮝಽ⪚ᮡaᱱ ⧕ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Łᮝ໑ᯕᵲᔢݚᙹ۵ǎԕᅕ ⧕ᨱๅᰆ KWWSฯᯕᅕ⦹ŁZZZHQWUHSUHQHXUFRPIUDQFKLVHVIUDQFKLVHᯕᮡ⧕ḥ⇽Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ
ᮝӹɝᨱ۵ᵲǎ⦽ǎԉᦥᦥቭḩᄁԉ ᝁǎᰆᨱḥ⇽ ݡ⪶
⦹Ł ᬑญ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦᮡԕᙹᵝಽᖒᰆ⧕᪅a ᱥಽǎԕቭ
ऽᯕ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹ʑ᯲⧩Ł⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦᨱᕽ ɡಽჭĞᯕᬭऽaᨩ
əӹ⧕ḥ⇽⦽ǎԕቭऽ۵ᦥḢԕᨱᇩŝ⦹Łḥ⇽ǎa ᵲǎԉᦥǎᨱ⊹ᵲ 275$
ᄁԉᮡ อ᮹ᰆȽᨱᩑɁ᮹ĞᱽၽᱥᨱෙᗭाaᕽǍ
ᔾ⪽➉᮹⪶ᔑ⪵᮹ၽݍᮝಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦᯕɪᗮၽᱥŁ۵
ᰆᯕ 7KDQK XRQJ ᄁԉ᮹Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬ
ᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙ
ᙹᯕŁ ᄁԉᱶᇡaᬵ⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶȽෝษಉ⦹Ł
72aᮝಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥǎᯙෝ⨩ᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽
᮹UgraveฝᯕᱥᱽNtilde໕ᕽᖙĥ᮹ɡಽჭቭऽᮡುᬑญʑᨦ ᦿᨕ
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ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕᰆ᮹Ğᰢᝍ⪵ၰ⪵ᔢݍಽᯕ ᱽᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
⧕ᰆᨱ٩ ಅ⧁ᔢ⫊ᯕӹ⧕ᰆᱶᅕᇡ ᮝಽᨕಅᬡ ċŁ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ǎԕ⦺ĥ᮹ᩑǍ۵ᗱΞ ᱶಽᱢᮡߑaݡᔢḡᩎ ݡ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧊᮹ᕽ
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ᝁᰍ ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊ŝᱥ ᇥᕾ⧕ᅕŁᄁԉᨱḥ
⇽⦹ᩍᖒŖᱢᮝಽᱶ₊⦹Ł۵ǎԕʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾ ⧕⨆ᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ಅ۵ᬑญ᮹ၽʑᨦᨱiacuteŝᱢᯙḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᖒŖᯙ ᱽ⦹Ł ⦽
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ǭญෝwiacuteŁ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᨦႊ ᔍᬊ⦹ᩍᱽ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ
ෝ❱ๅ⧁ǭญෝwiacute໑ ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯕ⦽ǭญᨱݡ⦽ᔍᬊഭෝ⥥₉ᯕᱡᨱ
iacuteḡᇩ⧁᮹ෝwiacute໑ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteǭญෝᇡᩍ⦹Łḡᬱ⧁᮹
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ᱢ ∊ᇥᬕᯕa⦹Łᱶ᮹ḡᬱǍ ԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ⦺᮹ʑ⫭ෝᱽŖ⦽Ł
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❱ๅ⦹۵Ŗɪ ॽ᮹šĥᯕᔢॵᜅญቑᖹ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡ
aᔢಽŁෝ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔍᬊ⨩aෝ⧕ᵝӹᔍᨦ ᬕ⦹۵ᱥℕᜅ ᱽŖ
⦹ḡ۵ᦫ۵ ᯕ⦽ႊ᮹⥥₉ᯕ۵ℎపഭ⋕₉ᯕᨕǠᯕᨕᯕ
ᨕ₉ऽ₉ᨱᕽᅝᙹ ᔢॵᜅญቑᖹ⥥₉ᯕḶᯕⅾᗭๅ
ๅ⇽ᨱᕽᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹ӹ᪅۹ԁaᰆ⦽⥥₉ᯕ۵እܩᜅ๘ႊᯕ እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢᕽእᜅၰᔢᐱอᦥܩษĥ
⫮ᬕ ๅە ᔍᨦ ⧁ᙹ۵ᱥℕ᮹ႊჶʭḡᔍᬊ⦽እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ
۵᪅۹ԁaᰆฯᯕᔍᬊ۵ႊᮝಽǎԕaᰆᯙʑ۵⥥₉ᯕḶᇥ۵
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ᯝbᨱᕽᱽʑŁ ǎᯕෙฯᮡӹᮡᱥᱢ ᔢ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡ⥥
₉ᯕ ᔑᨦĥᨱ⧉ḡᦫŁᮝӹǎᮡ⧉ᮝಽ⧕ᕽǎԕᨱᕽ⥥
₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᵲᖒᯕෙӹᨱእ⧕ᯙᱢᮝಽᇡಅḡ۵Ğ⨆ᯕ۵ᵝᰆᯕ
ǎ᮹ᱡᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᵲᖒᨙɪ⧁ভ۵ࢱaḡࢱ⧉۵Ğ
⨆ᯕv⦹ŁᯕĞᬑ ʑ χ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦᯕǎ3᮹⪚ᮡⅾᗭๅๅ⇽
᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹iacute 862amp ၹ໕ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᖒᰆශ ⧀ם
ভ۵እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕอ ᨙɪ⦹۵Ğᬑaฯᮡߑᯕ۵ḡӽᙹᝎeእܩᜅ
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ɡ ⥥₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacute⦽᮹ๅᰆอᖅᬕ⦹iacute⦹۵ĥႊ
ᯕ ມ ⥥₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacute⦽ᯕᔢ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⦹iacute⦹۵ĥ
ႊᮝಽḡᩎၽDUHD GHYHORSPHQW⥥₉ᯕษᜅ⥥₉ᯕಽǍᇥ ḡᩎ
ၽ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᵝᨕḥʑeԕᨱᱶḡᩎԕᨱᕽ⦽ᯕᔢ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⧁
ᙹ۵ႊᯕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ۵ḡᩎၽ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᔢ᮹ǭญෝᇡᩍ⦽ ĥḡᩎԕᨱᕽᯝᱶᙹ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⧁ᙹ ᐱอᦥܩḡᩎԕᨱᕽᕽቭ
⥥₉ᯕḡVXEIUDQFKLVHHෝḲ⧁ᙹ ᕽษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᕽቭ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ḡᬱၰƱᮂಉಽᙹᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ł ᨦ᮹ ၰ⩽ ٥ตᙹ
⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽šಉʑ ᩑǍaacute
⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵
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ᱢᱢ᮲ ⦽ ⪙⫊ʑᨱ۵ᔢၰᕽእᜅᙹ᮹aಽ⪶ᰆ⦹iacute໑ᇩ⫊ʑᨱ۵ᯝ
ญෝᯤᮡ⪵ᯕ⋝ᯕ⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦ ⦹ӹ᮹ݡᦩᮝಽŁಅ⦹໕ᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱ
ᦥḥšᝍᯕ⦽ݡ KLWWPRUH ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡǎ ⧉⦽ᖙĥᱥᩎᨱᕽᨦ
Ⅺḥ Łᬊ⇽ၰĞ ᱽၽᱥ ⦽ๅᬑᵲ⦽ᱥఖᮝಽŁಅᨕ +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡ ᕽእᜅᔑᨦɡಽჭ⪵᮹ᯙᯕᨕᮝ໑4XLQQ $OH[DQGHU ᕽእᜅᔑᨦʑᨦᮡ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹⥥₉ᯕḶ ⧕ᰆ⪶ᰆ
⧕ $OWLQH ⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹⦽⩶ᵲᨱᕽእܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕḶᮡᕽእ
ᜅᔑᨦʑᨦᯕɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᖒᰆ⧕ӹa۵ߑᨕᕽaᰆᔍᬊ⧕᪉⩶ᯕ
+RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ෝᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽእᱢᯙၽᱥݡ ᯕ ǎ᮹
እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡߑᨕɪᗮ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡ۵ݡ ᩍ
᮹ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡᮡ⧕ๅᰆᙹෝaʭᯕ۹ಅอᨱᯕiacuteᨩŁᵝ
ḥ⇽ǎᮡ⋱ӹ ᯝᅙ⪙ βǎ ᵝಽᖁḥǎᨱḲᵲᨩ 3UHEOH +RIIPDQ ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹a⧕ᨱๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽӹӹŁ
DQW 3HUULJRW ampOLTXHW እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡǎǎԕᰆᨱ
ᕽ aacute⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ ⧕ಽḥ⇽aumlᯕ RKHUW ᯕ۵➉ᜅ
ऽᔑᨦ᮹ɡಽჭ⪵ᔍಡᨱᕽᇥӹӹ۵ߑ⧕ᰆḥ⇽ႊჶ᮹⦹ӹಽᕽቭᭉ
ᯕๆձऽ )ampฯᮡ➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮡǎԕᰆᨱᕽ∊ᇥ⦽Ğ⨹ŝʑၹ ⪶
ᅕ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ⧕ಽḥ⇽⧕ (URJOX ᯕᮡᝁ᮹ቭ
ऽๅᰆᖪיᬑ⦹ᬑෝ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᱽŖ⦹۵ݡᝁᨱๅ⇽ᧂᨱݡ⦽ಽᩕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
۵ ᪅۹ԁᔢݚᙹɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ෝ⧕ǎᰆᨱᕽ
ᅕ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽᙹᯖ ฯᯕԕŁ ෝ໕ๆձऽ᮹Ğᬑ ⅾๅ⇽
᮹ෝ⧕ᨱᕽŁᮝ໑ )amp⦝⨼ቭऽෝᅕ⦹Ł۵ltXPUDQGV QF᮹
Ğᬑ ᇥʑๅ⇽ᨱᕽᵲǎԕๅ⇽ᧂᨖᇩᯕǎԕๅ⇽ᨖอᇩ ᦿḩ
ౡ ZZZZLNLQYHVWFRPVWRFN ǎᔢݡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹a⧕ᨱḥ⇽⧕
ᮝ໑ๆձऽ )amp (OHYHQ ᔢݚᙹቭऽᮡ⧕ๅᰆᙹaǎԕๅᰆᅕฯ
ZZZHQWUHSUHQHXUFRPIUDQFKLVHVLQGH[KWPO 1L $ORQ DQW ۵ǎ➉ᜅऽ
⥥₉ᯕෝݡᔢᮝಽ⦽ᔍෝ⧕aᱱᯕฯᙹಾๅᰆᯕᩍᵝᨱ⟝Კᙹ
ಾ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢᯙ⨆ ᵝ۵auml ၽč⧩ ⦽ᯙ ᯙ ݡ ᱶᅕᝁʑᚁ᮹ၽݍᮡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᨱɮᱶᱢ
⨆ ⅅ ᬑᖁḡญᱢᮝಽມญਉᨕḥӹᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕḡŝ᮹ᗭၰܩ
ยᯕᅕᬱ⪽⧕ᲭŁእᬊ໕ᨱᕽ⭉ᦍᱡಕ⧕Ჭ ᐱอᦥܩᅕ ᗭȽ⥥₉
ᯕ ɡಽჭ⪵ෝiacuteḥ⧪⧁ᙹiacuteᨩ $PRV ᯕ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ŝšಉʑᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯕು ᖅ⦹۵ݡᯕು
ᯙᬢᔕ8SSVDODߙ-RKDQVRQ 9DKOQH ŝᅙɡಽჭRUQ OREDOߙ5HQQLHsub໕ᨱᕽᅕ໕⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ۵ĥᱢǎᱽ⪵
ߙᯙᬢᔕߙ ෙŁ⧁ᙹԱ⦹໕ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteᯕᦩ
ᜅ ǎԕᰆŝ۵aumlᯕᔢᯕ⦹Łᔾᗭ⦽⦽⧕ᰆᮝಽaᲙaᕽᖒŖ⦹ʑ۵
ๅᬑᨕಖʑভᯕ ᬢᔕߙᮡʑᨦᮡǎᰆᨱᕽ⪶Ł⦽ʑၹ Ł∊ᇥ⦽
Ğ⨹ ᮡᨱ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹໑ ʑᨦ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᮡĞ⨹ᇡ ⨹⫭⦝᮹ᯕಽ
ᙽḡญᱢNtildeญᅕ۵⪵ᱢᔍᖒ ᝍญᱢNtildeญaaʭᬕǎaಽᇡຝǎaᙽ
ᮝಽḥ⧪Ł ʑᨦ᮹ݡƱඹ۵ᱥᱢᮝಽᙽᙹ⇽ᨱᕽᱱ₉ᱢᮝಽᝍ⪵Ʊඹಽ
ᯕᨕḥŁᖅ⦽ HOFK ۵ ⪚ǎ⥥₉ᯕෝၼᦥᯙݡ β⥥
₉ᯕḡ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᔍಡᩑǍෝ⧕⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ŝᱶ ᙹᵝʑߙಽᖅ
⦽ ǎᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ Ntilde⥥₉ᯕ۵⋱ӹ ǎ⪙ᵝzᮡǎŝ
⪵ᨙᨕᱢᮝಽᔍ⦽ᖁḥǎᮝಽḥ⇽⦹iacute໑ ᯝᅙŝzᮡ⪵ᨙᨕaෙᖁḥ
ǎ əญŁ⦽ǎᵲǎŝzᮡ⪵ᱢᮝಽNtildeญaມŁĞᱽaၽݍᝁǎ ษḡสᮝಽǎ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ ₥ႊ⦽ᖙݡ⥥₉ᯕa⧕ಽḥ
⇽⦹Ł ษ⋉ԕ ᵝǎᯙ ǎᮝಽʭḡ ḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ ᙽ⪹ᵝʑa Ҿӹiacute ۵ aumlᯕ +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ฯᯕᙹ⇽⦹Ntildeӹᙹ⦹۵ӹᮡᕽಽ
ḡญᱢᮝಽaʾNtildeӹ⪚ᮡ⪵ᱢᔍᖒᯕฯᮡauml ၽč⧩ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱš⦽⦺ĥ᮹ᩑǍ۵ḡᩎᱢᮝಽᵝಽǎǎ ᖁḥǎᨱḲ
ᵲ ᯕzᮡᇩɁ⩶ᨱݡ⧕ᝁǎ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ᮹⦥ᖒᯕᱽʑ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
DXIPDQQᨩŁ HLEHQVWHLQ əᯕᝁǎaᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaӹ᪅ʑ᯲⧩
HOVK $DORQ )DOEH ᮡᇡʭḡᝁᰆ ᔢᮝಽ⦽⥥ݡ
₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵ᩑǍෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᵲᇡ᮹Ğᬑᦥᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaaᰆฯᦹ
Łᇩaญᦥಽᦥᦥಽᄁܩᦥ ⧉ᨩᮝ໑ᵲԉ۵ቭḩᨱḲ
ᵲᨩŁᦥᦥ۵ᵲǎ እ⦹ᩍݡอa౩ᯕᦥ⪮ᯙօᦥᯕᩑǍ
ᨩ əᨱᯙ ᭉᯕԉᦥŖᯕ⧉ၽč⧩ 1L $ORQ DQW ۵
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍšಉ⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙǎa₉ᬱᯙŝḢᱢđᱶᯙʑᨦ
₉ᬱᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍಽݡᄥߑ۵⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵ ᱶǎᯕฯ
ᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ෝၼŁ۵ḡ⪚ᮡ ⥥₉ᯕᱡᯕᱶǎ⪚ᮡᱶḥႊჶ
ᖁ⦹۵ḡෝᖅ⦹۵ߑᬊ⦹Łၾ⩵
⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵᮹ᰆᄞ
⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᨱ۵ᅕᯕḡᦫ۵ᰆᄞŝᱽᱱᯕᰍ⦽ ᨱ۵ݡ
ǎᱶᇡ᮹Ƚᱽa ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ ḥ⇽ aಽส۵Ŗᱢᯙ ᱽಽӹԍ
DONHU (W]HO $GLQ DFNHU ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ ⇽ᔢᮝಽ⧕ḥݡ
ಅ⦹۵ᯕෝᔍ⦹ᩡ۵ߑəᮡǎԕᰆ᮹ᖒᰆaᖒ aᰆᯕಽΞᦹ
Łǎ ᱽᱥḡ᮹ᇡ ᰍᱶᱢ⦽ĥǎᰆᨱᕽᨦ⦹۵⨹ᇡݕ ᨩ ǎŝḥ⇽ݡᔢǎe᮹⪵ᨙᨕaෙᱶෝ᮹⦹۵⪵ᱢNtildeญ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᇡᱶ
ᱢ⨆ᵝ۵aumlᮝಽӹԍ ⪵ᱢ₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᨱiacuteᔍᨦᮅญš⧪ᗭၰᖒŝsubᱶᨱᨕᕽ₉ᯕಽᯙ⧕ԕᇡᱢᯙĞŝᬕᔢ᮹ᱽᱱ ၽᔾŁ
ᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵aǍ۵Ğᬑ⩥ḡ᮹ᙹෝᯕ⧕⦹Ł⩥ḡᙹᨱᱢ᮲⦹۵ᨕ
ಅᬡ ʑ۵aumlᮝಽၾ⩡Ჭ (URJOX ᝁᰆḥ⇽ aಽส۵ᱽᱱಽHOVK $DORQ )DOEH ۵ಽၰ
ᙹᙹഭᘂɩ ᱽ⦽⦹۵ᅙȽ ᱽჶᱢᱽ⦽šഭᵝ᮹ᱢᇥʑჶᱢ⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᇩᦩ
ᱶ⦽ᱶ⊹ᔢ⫊ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥ʑᨦᗭ ၰᬕŝšಉჶ᮹᮹ᱢ⧪ ḡᱢᰍᔑ
ǭᅕ⪙ᨱ᮹ᨕಅᬡၰŝ⦽እᬊᗭ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⦽ḡᗮᱢᯙƱᮂܩย
ၰᱽ᮹⦥⪵᮹₉ᯕෝᨩ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU ۵ᝁᰆᨱᕽ᮹
ᱽ⦽aᇥᗭाᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⧉⦽ ᔍᨦ⪽ᨱᱢᬊ۵ɝᅙᱢᯙᱽ
ᯥ ḡᱢ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱၰʑ
zᮡᩍ aḡᱽᱱᰆᄞၰ⨹ᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕᔾᗭ⦽⧕
ᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹۵ᯕ۵ᝅᅕ۵ाᯕฯ۵❱ ভᯕ⧁aumlᯕ (URJOX
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ltəฝ gt ⥥₉ᯕǎᱽ⪵đᱶᯙߙ
۵ǎᱽ⪵aᙹၹ⦹۵⩽ᯕ⨹ᅕ ᙹಾŁĞ⊖ᮡᅕ vಆ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ
⪵᮹᮹ḡෝwiacuteŁእᬊᯖᇥᕾ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᖅ⦽
⇽ (URJOX 6 7KH LQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ 3URFHVV RI )UDQFKLVH 6VWHPV $ ampRQFHSWXDO 0RGHO
(GZDUGV ۵⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱᮝಽᔩಽᬕᙹᯖᬱၽǕHJᨦᙹᙹഭ
ಽᩕᔢ❱ๅǎԕᰆ᮹ qᗭᯕ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteיᬑ⦹ᬑʑᚁၰḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭ᮹⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⪽ᬊɡಽჭʑᨦᯕᮝಽ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᨦℕݡእᔢ
ᱽŁ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡᔩಽᬕᦥᯕॵᨕෝၽǕǎԕಽᩍ᪕ᮝಽǎ
ԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᬑv⪵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭෝᅕ⧉ᨱෙᱥఖᱢᯕᱱၰ
ᅕ Ƚ᮹Ğݡ⪶ ᱽ⨆ ᱽ⦽ᝁᰆ᮹Ğᬑ۵ᵲᔑ⊖᮹⪶ݡᔢ
ᱫᮡ⊖᮹aᰆᰆ⪵᮹ḥᱥၰᯙǍၡḲᖒᙺᱢᮝಽݡ
⪵ၰĞᱽℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹ᕽǍᔢၰᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽ɪ⦹۵ᙹ ⥥₉ᯕ
ḥ⇽ᨱญ⦽⪹ĞᯕᖒŁ HOVK $DORQ )DOEH
⦽ǎԕᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡᩍ aḡʑಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦽
ǎ᮹Ntilde௹ᖁᯕຝᱡᱲⅪ⧕᪅۵Ğᬑᨱᕽᇡʑᨦ᮹ȽĞ᮹᮹ḡḢ
ᯙᇡ⪹Ğᯙ ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ۵⦹iacuteӹӽ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲㘞⩮ᒃ ⵂ
㘆㖮ᡆⳒ⩪ඪ2ඪጾ
6ᤆḪ
ZdonhudqgHwho+4lt6Kdfnhww+4lt9Zdonhu)
Furvv+4ltltZhofk+4ltlt4ltlt3 Dehoo+4ltlt4
ⵃKdfnhww+4lt9 Kriipdq dqg Suheoh+4ltlt6 Zhofk+4ltlt3
Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ჹ⩇Ꭺ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7 Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
㛿Ꭺ Kdfnhww+4lt9Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7Zhofk+4ltlt3
ทᅞ㒖㛾 KriipdqdqgSuheoh+4ltlt6Zhofk+4ltlt3Hurjox+4ltlt5
ສᤆᴶ♯⟦ᤆᣎ⩪ඊ⎠⟪᪇ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltKrsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ḫ㜂൧㛢 Hurjox+4ltlt5Kriipdq)Suheoh+4ltlt6
♯ຆ᭒ Hurjox+4ltlt5 D|glq)Ndfnhu+4ltlt3
᪇ Zdonhu)Furvv+4ltlt
൧㚂 ൧ ท൧㚂 㚂⋂
♯ ൧ ⟊ඪඪ+Ⅻඟ㜶
∶⤚㘓⟪㘳ᖛᲹท♯㙏
Hurjox+4ltlt5
⦻ಪỮ⟒ QlDorq)Gdqw +533lt
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ
⇽ RKHUW ၰᱡ ᅕ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵ ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
ᨱᕽၽ⦽ࢱ᮹ᖙӹഭaəe᮹ᩑǍԕᬊ ᇥᕾᱽ⦹۵⦽ᦿᮝಽ᮹ႊ
⨆ ᱽ⦹Ł ʡᵝ ᝁᰍᮡʑ᮹ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᯕ
⇽ᇡᇥ⧕ḥݡ ⦽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾᙹᵡᯕŁḡᱢ⦽ ᔍಡ
ʑᨦᯕᱽ⦹Ł۵ᱥఖႊᦩᩑǍݡᦩᯕӹđŝಽԕᮡᩑǍಽ~šᖒᯕđᩍ
Łᱶᨦŝᱶḡᩎḥ⇽ಽ⦽ᱶ໑⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⥥₉ᯕ ⩥ḡĥၰ
ᬕᔢ᮹Otilde⪵ᱢĞᱽᱢ⪹Ğᱢ₉ᯕa⧕ḥ⇽⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᖒŝᨱ⊹۵
⨆ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥⦹Łv⧩ ᯥɁᬱᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯙ Ḣᯙbᨱᕽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ⥥
₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ƚᩎᔍᱱ᮹ḡญᱢᇥa⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢ⨆ ⊽Łၾ
Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᦿᕽᬱŝᩎపᯕ∊ᇥ⦽ḡᩍᇡෝaacute⧕⦹Łǎԕᩍ ḡᩎᨱUgraveℱᱱෝᬕ⦹۵aumlᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦹Łᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ Ḣᯙ
ᨱ ǎԕᰆ᮹⪵⧕ᰆ᮹⪵ᱢNtildeญᱢ₉ᯕ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹ᖒᰆʑ⫭⪽ᬊ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
㚮㚮ᶟ
+5339⦻ท
⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯ඪ㘆⅖ᣪḮ
0⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯⦻ඟ♯48⅖♯8⅖ᨦᎪⅫ
⟦ᤆ㘆⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0⦪Ữ൮ⶲ⩮⦻ท♯൮ᤆᅂኮ⅖ᣪḮ
0ඟ⦻ท⩮⟮㘞 4Ꭺ㘆 Ⅻ㘆 ᶞ⋂⩻ඦḮ 5
ᬯ㛿㘆᭓㔆⩪ 6㚮⩪ᆲ㘓⟮㉟㘆❺Ḫ
㚮⩪⤚᪇ถ 7㚮⩪ⳮඪᲹ㚮⩪㛾ᩲᖛ⟮
㜂Ჿᬯ㚮+533
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅖♯ท㛾ᒃඪ㘆ㅺⅳᎎ⦻⅖ᣪถ
0EET᭒ᎇສᤆሪḪทᅞඟ㘞⩮㚮㜓Ჹ൮㜷ඪ㘆⅖
ᣪ⤚⅖
0 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ 㘞⩮⟮ 㘞ጾ 4 ♯ ⟊ ⤚⩫㛾 ፲⩂ඦ 5
㉟㘓ᓆᩲᱎ፲part፲⩂ᠦጾᓺಪ⩪ᡟ∷⟮⟦
ᤆ6ᶢทᣏ㘆ᬯถᓂ㘒⟮
⤚Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
ಪᲢท⟶⟮ಪ㘆ท᪅⟦ᤆ=ᤙᐚඟඦᎣᬞඦ
0ᑮᅊᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆᤙᐚ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟḮ
0ᑮᆺᖆ㘮ᴮച᪅ᩲᡟຢඊಪⵞ൚ᖛ㘆ท㘆
ทᯢ㛾Ḫ㘓ᓂ⩪⟶⟮⦦
0 ᤙᐚጾ ಪ Ტท ⟶ 㘮ᴮചᨦ 㘆ท ᪅+Ḳඊᴮച ᖛ⟦
ᤆㅮↇᲹᑮᆺᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟถ⅖ᨦ
㉟㘞ทᅞ♯൮Ꭺ⟊⟒⟊
0ⶲ㘞⩮⦻ท⩮⟪⤞ສᤆᴶẶᡆᖆ൧㝒⟒Ꭺ
⟻ᲹⳒᵮ㛾Ტ㠋ຢඊ㚮⩪㛾Ḫ⤛⟦ᤆ൧㚂
ර㛢⟊⤚㟂+533
㉊⤯ Ặᡆᖆᆲ EETຢᦣ ทᅞ Ჹ ສᤆᴶ ᩲ
ᡟ
0EETຢᦣඟඦ൮⩮ᡟ
0ඟ⟦ᤆ 4 FHRඦ⅖♯Ữ 5 Ⳓᵮ㛾ᓆ ❺
ᨂ 6⟋ᲹU)G+ㅒᎪ㘃 7㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ
⨲ᲹⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ⟊㉟㖮ᠦถᖛ⟮
㛢⅖Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯Ꭺ⦻ท⩮ඟඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ทⅫ㘞∶ 㘆ท Ჾശ Ꭺ PDUFRSROR ඊೇ733ᬯ⟮ Ꭺ
Ⅻ⟦ᤆ㛷ᶞỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮ⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0㘆ทᲾശಪᎪPDUFRSRORᶞᎎỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ
⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮᨦᶞ⟦ᅂ㛷ᶞጾㄚⳒಪ⟦ᱪ
ᤆ㛷ᶞ㜆㛾㗮
⪹Ğᯙŝ⧉ ᇥᕾ⧕⦹໑⧕ᰆḥႊ ⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⦽Ḣᱱᬕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶaᱱ⩥ḡᬕ ᮹đᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ⦥ᖒ ᱽ⦹ᩡ əᯕᨱӹ᪉ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵እಾᩍᱥᵲǎᰆᨱḲᵲ
Łḡอᅕ ~šᱢb ḡ⦹ಅ۵ᱢᯕӹӹŁ
ǎԕ᮹ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽šಉ ᩑǍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
⋂+533lt ⦻ท
⦻ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯㜂൧ඦ㘆ท♯⩮ᡟ
0 NIF +⦦ሪḪᲾശᲢ㗦ᖛ⦻ท⩮ทᅞ♯ඟ
⅖ᣪḮ0ඟ⩮ᡟ⟦ᤆ 4 ⩫ 㝮ಪ ᡟ 5 㘆ಪ 6
ⵊ㘆⅖⤚⅖ඦ㘃⩪ 7㔲ᲹỮ㚮⩪㛾ᲹⳒᵮ
㛾ᡟ 8 ❺ඪຆᴾ㛾㚮⩪㛾ᡟ 9 ♯⅖㜶
㘆㘳 ⅲᤆඦ⋂᭒ᐢ⩪∷พᖛ⟮ൖ
∺Ⅻᴾ+5343 ⦻ท
Ꭺ♯㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⦻ท⩮ඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ท⩮Ꭺ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯6⅖Ꭺ㘆⅖ᣪ
0ඟ㉟ඟ⟦ᤆ4㔆⦪㛾ຆᴾ㛾 5 ᣏ㘆⟋㝲ᣒⵞ൮Ữ 6 ᶢท ඟ ൧㚂 ኮ ᖛ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅖඊ ⩮ጾ
⩫㝮ಪಪ⦦ᑮಪ∶⟊൧⟮Ḯ㘂ጾ⩫
ᖛⅫ㘆ഭ⟦ᤆ㚪⩺
ᅂᎪⳖ+5343
Ტท
㘆㔢ᖆ㚿㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᢲ㉊ᠻᲢท⩮2⟮㘆ᖾ᭒㚿
ⶲถ0Ტทᅞ⟶4ඝ⦻ᒃ⟶7ඝẶᡆᖆ⅖ᣪ⤚⅖
0ಫ Ặᡆᖆᖎ⟪ Ặᡆᖆ ᐞᨦ ᢖ ᴿ⟦ᤆ㔆㚮㘂ඊ ⟦ᅂ 㘞Ꭳ
ጞ 㘞 Ꭺᓂጾ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟪ ᎎ∶ ᓂඊ 㘆1
⨳ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟮ ㉟㘞 ඊೇശ 㛢⟮ ⦦ ᶞᎎጾ㚮⩪㛾ᨦ㉟㘆㑢㘂ඊ㘆ᖾ⟦ᤆᎎಪಪඊጾഭ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅒ
⇽ ᱡᱶญ
Ⳕᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᇥᕾ
ᄁԉĞ ᱽ⩥⫊ၰᱥ
ᄁԉᮡ ᯝᯕݡԕᱢᮝಽᱶ⊹ĞᱽᱢŅċᨩݡᱢᮝಽ۵
ǎ᮹ɩᙹ⊹ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎĞᇥᰢ⋥ᅕॵᦥಆᱱಚᮝಽᯙ⦽ǎᱽᱢእӽᩍುԪᱶ
ᯕᵲǎᗭಉ᮹ḡᬱᵲ᮹ᨕಅᬡŝݡԕᱢᮝಽ۵Ŗᔑᵝ᮹ᱶ₦᮹ᝅ➉Ḳℕ⪵
ᨱෙᨦᔾᔑ᮹እᮉaŝ⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽ᨦᔾᔑపĊqŝపӽᮝಽĞᱽ
ᱢᨕಅᬡᯕḡᗮᨩŁᱶ⊹ᱢŁพ Ⅹ௹⦹ᩡ ᯕ⦽ᱶ⊹Ğᱽᱢʑෝ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ ⩢ŝႊ ʼnಽ⦹۵
microᯕນᯕparaᱶ₦ ᝅ⦹ᩍĞᱽ⫭ᅖ᮹ᱥʑෝษಉ⦹ᩡ ᯕ Ⅹᬵ⦽ᱥႊƱי
ᖁʑ ⦹ᨱᝅᬊᵝ᮹ෝɝeᮝಽݡᱶ₦᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹ᩡ ⋥ᅕॵᦥᵝ
ᄁԉǑᙹၰ⋥ᅕॵᦥᔍಽᦦ⪵ᨩݡᵲšĥෝᖁ⧕ ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎƱ
ᱶᔢ⪵ෝᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᬵ$6($1ᰆš⫭᮹᪖ᱡქₙᕾ ᯲ᮝಽ
ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
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0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
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ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
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91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
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451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
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⧩ᰆᔍಽ⇽ၽࢱෝ⪙⊹ၝ᮹⦝ᨱŖɪ⦹۵ᙽ⦽ᬱࢱ əӹݡ⦝ᱥᱱ
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ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
ᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡaᯕᨕᲭ۵ߑ aeᮡᄁԉᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆᬕᨱ
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ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
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ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
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ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
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⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
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ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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⇽⦹ᩍᖒŖᱢᮝಽᱶ₊⦹Ł۵ǎԕʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾ ⧕⨆ᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
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aᔢಽŁෝ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔍᬊ⨩aෝ⧕ᵝӹᔍᨦ ᬕ⦹۵ᱥℕᜅ ᱽŖ
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₉ᯕ ᔑᨦĥᨱ⧉ḡᦫŁᮝӹǎᮡ⧉ᮝಽ⧕ᕽǎԕᨱᕽ⥥
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ᯕ ມ ⥥₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacute⦽ᯕᔢ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⦹iacute⦹۵ĥ
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ၽ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᵝᨕḥʑeԕᨱᱶḡᩎԕᨱᕽ⦽ᯕᔢ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⧁
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ญෝᯤᮡ⪵ᯕ⋝ᯕ⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦ ⦹ӹ᮹ݡᦩᮝಽŁಅ⦹໕ᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱ
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ǎ əญŁ⦽ǎᵲǎŝzᮡ⪵ᱢᮝಽNtildeญaມŁĞᱽaၽݍᝁǎ ษḡสᮝಽǎ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ ₥ႊ⦽ᖙݡ⥥₉ᯕa⧕ಽḥ
⇽⦹Ł ษ⋉ԕ ᵝǎᯙ ǎᮝಽʭḡ ḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ ᙽ⪹ᵝʑa Ҿӹiacute ۵ aumlᯕ +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ฯᯕᙹ⇽⦹Ntildeӹᙹ⦹۵ӹᮡᕽಽ
ḡญᱢᮝಽaʾNtildeӹ⪚ᮡ⪵ᱢᔍᖒᯕฯᮡauml ၽč⧩ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱš⦽⦺ĥ᮹ᩑǍ۵ḡᩎᱢᮝಽᵝಽǎǎ ᖁḥǎᨱḲ
ᵲ ᯕzᮡᇩɁ⩶ᨱݡ⧕ᝁǎ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ᮹⦥ᖒᯕᱽʑ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
DXIPDQQᨩŁ HLEHQVWHLQ əᯕᝁǎaᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaӹ᪅ʑ᯲⧩
HOVK $DORQ )DOEH ᮡᇡʭḡᝁᰆ ᔢᮝಽ⦽⥥ݡ
₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵ᩑǍෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᵲᇡ᮹Ğᬑᦥᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaaᰆฯᦹ
Łᇩaญᦥಽᦥᦥಽᄁܩᦥ ⧉ᨩᮝ໑ᵲԉ۵ቭḩᨱḲ
ᵲᨩŁᦥᦥ۵ᵲǎ እ⦹ᩍݡอa౩ᯕᦥ⪮ᯙօᦥᯕᩑǍ
ᨩ əᨱᯙ ᭉᯕԉᦥŖᯕ⧉ၽč⧩ 1L $ORQ DQW ۵
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍšಉ⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙǎa₉ᬱᯙŝḢᱢđᱶᯙʑᨦ
₉ᬱᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍಽݡᄥߑ۵⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵ ᱶǎᯕฯ
ᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ෝၼŁ۵ḡ⪚ᮡ ⥥₉ᯕᱡᯕᱶǎ⪚ᮡᱶḥႊჶ
ᖁ⦹۵ḡෝᖅ⦹۵ߑᬊ⦹Łၾ⩵
⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵᮹ᰆᄞ
⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᨱ۵ᅕᯕḡᦫ۵ᰆᄞŝᱽᱱᯕᰍ⦽ ᨱ۵ݡ
ǎᱶᇡ᮹Ƚᱽa ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ ḥ⇽ aಽส۵Ŗᱢᯙ ᱽಽӹԍ
DONHU (W]HO $GLQ DFNHU ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ ⇽ᔢᮝಽ⧕ḥݡ
ಅ⦹۵ᯕෝᔍ⦹ᩡ۵ߑəᮡǎԕᰆ᮹ᖒᰆaᖒ aᰆᯕಽΞᦹ
Łǎ ᱽᱥḡ᮹ᇡ ᰍᱶᱢ⦽ĥǎᰆᨱᕽᨦ⦹۵⨹ᇡݕ ᨩ ǎŝḥ⇽ݡᔢǎe᮹⪵ᨙᨕaෙᱶෝ᮹⦹۵⪵ᱢNtildeญ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᇡᱶ
ᱢ⨆ᵝ۵aumlᮝಽӹԍ ⪵ᱢ₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᨱiacuteᔍᨦᮅญš⧪ᗭၰᖒŝsubᱶᨱᨕᕽ₉ᯕಽᯙ⧕ԕᇡᱢᯙĞŝᬕᔢ᮹ᱽᱱ ၽᔾŁ
ᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵aǍ۵Ğᬑ⩥ḡ᮹ᙹෝᯕ⧕⦹Ł⩥ḡᙹᨱᱢ᮲⦹۵ᨕ
ಅᬡ ʑ۵aumlᮝಽၾ⩡Ჭ (URJOX ᝁᰆḥ⇽ aಽส۵ᱽᱱಽHOVK $DORQ )DOEH ۵ಽၰ
ᙹᙹഭᘂɩ ᱽ⦽⦹۵ᅙȽ ᱽჶᱢᱽ⦽šഭᵝ᮹ᱢᇥʑჶᱢ⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᇩᦩ
ᱶ⦽ᱶ⊹ᔢ⫊ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥ʑᨦᗭ ၰᬕŝšಉჶ᮹᮹ᱢ⧪ ḡᱢᰍᔑ
ǭᅕ⪙ᨱ᮹ᨕಅᬡၰŝ⦽እᬊᗭ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⦽ḡᗮᱢᯙƱᮂܩย
ၰᱽ᮹⦥⪵᮹₉ᯕෝᨩ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU ۵ᝁᰆᨱᕽ᮹
ᱽ⦽aᇥᗭाᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⧉⦽ ᔍᨦ⪽ᨱᱢᬊ۵ɝᅙᱢᯙᱽ
ᯥ ḡᱢ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱၰʑ
zᮡᩍ aḡᱽᱱᰆᄞၰ⨹ᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕᔾᗭ⦽⧕
ᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹۵ᯕ۵ᝅᅕ۵ाᯕฯ۵❱ ভᯕ⧁aumlᯕ (URJOX
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ltəฝ gt ⥥₉ᯕǎᱽ⪵đᱶᯙߙ
۵ǎᱽ⪵aᙹၹ⦹۵⩽ᯕ⨹ᅕ ᙹಾŁĞ⊖ᮡᅕ vಆ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ
⪵᮹᮹ḡෝwiacuteŁእᬊᯖᇥᕾ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᖅ⦽
⇽ (URJOX 6 7KH LQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ 3URFHVV RI )UDQFKLVH 6VWHPV $ ampRQFHSWXDO 0RGHO
(GZDUGV ۵⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱᮝಽᔩಽᬕᙹᯖᬱၽǕHJᨦᙹᙹഭ
ಽᩕᔢ❱ๅǎԕᰆ᮹ qᗭᯕ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteיᬑ⦹ᬑʑᚁၰḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭ᮹⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⪽ᬊɡಽჭʑᨦᯕᮝಽ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᨦℕݡእᔢ
ᱽŁ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡᔩಽᬕᦥᯕॵᨕෝၽǕǎԕಽᩍ᪕ᮝಽǎ
ԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᬑv⪵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭෝᅕ⧉ᨱෙᱥఖᱢᯕᱱၰ
ᅕ Ƚ᮹Ğݡ⪶ ᱽ⨆ ᱽ⦽ᝁᰆ᮹Ğᬑ۵ᵲᔑ⊖᮹⪶ݡᔢ
ᱫᮡ⊖᮹aᰆᰆ⪵᮹ḥᱥၰᯙǍၡḲᖒᙺᱢᮝಽݡ
⪵ၰĞᱽℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹ᕽǍᔢၰᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽ɪ⦹۵ᙹ ⥥₉ᯕ
ḥ⇽ᨱญ⦽⪹ĞᯕᖒŁ HOVK $DORQ )DOEH
⦽ǎԕᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡᩍ aḡʑಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦽
ǎ᮹Ntilde௹ᖁᯕຝᱡᱲⅪ⧕᪅۵Ğᬑᨱᕽᇡʑᨦ᮹ȽĞ᮹᮹ḡḢ
ᯙᇡ⪹Ğᯙ ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ۵⦹iacuteӹӽ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲㘞⩮ᒃ ⵂ
㘆㖮ᡆⳒ⩪ඪ2ඪጾ
6ᤆḪ
ZdonhudqgHwho+4lt6Kdfnhww+4lt9Zdonhu)
Furvv+4ltltZhofk+4ltlt4ltlt3 Dehoo+4ltlt4
ⵃKdfnhww+4lt9 Kriipdq dqg Suheoh+4ltlt6 Zhofk+4ltlt3
Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ჹ⩇Ꭺ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7 Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
㛿Ꭺ Kdfnhww+4lt9Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7Zhofk+4ltlt3
ทᅞ㒖㛾 KriipdqdqgSuheoh+4ltlt6Zhofk+4ltlt3Hurjox+4ltlt5
ສᤆᴶ♯⟦ᤆᣎ⩪ඊ⎠⟪᪇ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltKrsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ḫ㜂൧㛢 Hurjox+4ltlt5Kriipdq)Suheoh+4ltlt6
♯ຆ᭒ Hurjox+4ltlt5 D|glq)Ndfnhu+4ltlt3
᪇ Zdonhu)Furvv+4ltlt
൧㚂 ൧ ท൧㚂 㚂⋂
♯ ൧ ⟊ඪඪ+Ⅻඟ㜶
∶⤚㘓⟪㘳ᖛᲹท♯㙏
Hurjox+4ltlt5
⦻ಪỮ⟒ QlDorq)Gdqw +533lt
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ
⇽ RKHUW ၰᱡ ᅕ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵ ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
ᨱᕽၽ⦽ࢱ᮹ᖙӹഭaəe᮹ᩑǍԕᬊ ᇥᕾᱽ⦹۵⦽ᦿᮝಽ᮹ႊ
⨆ ᱽ⦹Ł ʡᵝ ᝁᰍᮡʑ᮹ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᯕ
⇽ᇡᇥ⧕ḥݡ ⦽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾᙹᵡᯕŁḡᱢ⦽ ᔍಡ
ʑᨦᯕᱽ⦹Ł۵ᱥఖႊᦩᩑǍݡᦩᯕӹđŝಽԕᮡᩑǍಽ~šᖒᯕđᩍ
Łᱶᨦŝᱶḡᩎḥ⇽ಽ⦽ᱶ໑⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⥥₉ᯕ ⩥ḡĥၰ
ᬕᔢ᮹Otilde⪵ᱢĞᱽᱢ⪹Ğᱢ₉ᯕa⧕ḥ⇽⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᖒŝᨱ⊹۵
⨆ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥⦹Łv⧩ ᯥɁᬱᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯙ Ḣᯙbᨱᕽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ⥥
₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ƚᩎᔍᱱ᮹ḡญᱢᇥa⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢ⨆ ⊽Łၾ
Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᦿᕽᬱŝᩎపᯕ∊ᇥ⦽ḡᩍᇡෝaacute⧕⦹Łǎԕᩍ ḡᩎᨱUgraveℱᱱෝᬕ⦹۵aumlᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦹Łᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ Ḣᯙ
ᨱ ǎԕᰆ᮹⪵⧕ᰆ᮹⪵ᱢNtildeญᱢ₉ᯕ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹ᖒᰆʑ⫭⪽ᬊ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
㚮㚮ᶟ
+5339⦻ท
⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯ඪ㘆⅖ᣪḮ
0⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯⦻ඟ♯48⅖♯8⅖ᨦᎪⅫ
⟦ᤆ㘆⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0⦪Ữ൮ⶲ⩮⦻ท♯൮ᤆᅂኮ⅖ᣪḮ
0ඟ⦻ท⩮⟮㘞 4Ꭺ㘆 Ⅻ㘆 ᶞ⋂⩻ඦḮ 5
ᬯ㛿㘆᭓㔆⩪ 6㚮⩪ᆲ㘓⟮㉟㘆❺Ḫ
㚮⩪⤚᪇ถ 7㚮⩪ⳮඪᲹ㚮⩪㛾ᩲᖛ⟮
㜂Ჿᬯ㚮+533
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅖♯ท㛾ᒃඪ㘆ㅺⅳᎎ⦻⅖ᣪถ
0EET᭒ᎇສᤆሪḪทᅞඟ㘞⩮㚮㜓Ჹ൮㜷ඪ㘆⅖
ᣪ⤚⅖
0 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ 㘞⩮⟮ 㘞ጾ 4 ♯ ⟊ ⤚⩫㛾 ፲⩂ඦ 5
㉟㘓ᓆᩲᱎ፲part፲⩂ᠦጾᓺಪ⩪ᡟ∷⟮⟦
ᤆ6ᶢทᣏ㘆ᬯถᓂ㘒⟮
⤚Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
ಪᲢท⟶⟮ಪ㘆ท᪅⟦ᤆ=ᤙᐚඟඦᎣᬞඦ
0ᑮᅊᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆᤙᐚ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟḮ
0ᑮᆺᖆ㘮ᴮച᪅ᩲᡟຢඊಪⵞ൚ᖛ㘆ท㘆
ทᯢ㛾Ḫ㘓ᓂ⩪⟶⟮⦦
0 ᤙᐚጾ ಪ Ტท ⟶ 㘮ᴮചᨦ 㘆ท ᪅+Ḳඊᴮച ᖛ⟦
ᤆㅮↇᲹᑮᆺᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟถ⅖ᨦ
㉟㘞ทᅞ♯൮Ꭺ⟊⟒⟊
0ⶲ㘞⩮⦻ท⩮⟪⤞ສᤆᴶẶᡆᖆ൧㝒⟒Ꭺ
⟻ᲹⳒᵮ㛾Ტ㠋ຢඊ㚮⩪㛾Ḫ⤛⟦ᤆ൧㚂
ර㛢⟊⤚㟂+533
㉊⤯ Ặᡆᖆᆲ EETຢᦣ ทᅞ Ჹ ສᤆᴶ ᩲ
ᡟ
0EETຢᦣඟඦ൮⩮ᡟ
0ඟ⟦ᤆ 4 FHRඦ⅖♯Ữ 5 Ⳓᵮ㛾ᓆ ❺
ᨂ 6⟋ᲹU)G+ㅒᎪ㘃 7㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ
⨲ᲹⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ⟊㉟㖮ᠦถᖛ⟮
㛢⅖Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯Ꭺ⦻ท⩮ඟඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ทⅫ㘞∶ 㘆ท Ჾശ Ꭺ PDUFRSROR ඊೇ733ᬯ⟮ Ꭺ
Ⅻ⟦ᤆ㛷ᶞỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮ⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0㘆ทᲾശಪᎪPDUFRSRORᶞᎎỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ
⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮᨦᶞ⟦ᅂ㛷ᶞጾㄚⳒಪ⟦ᱪ
ᤆ㛷ᶞ㜆㛾㗮
⪹Ğᯙŝ⧉ ᇥᕾ⧕⦹໑⧕ᰆḥႊ ⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⦽Ḣᱱᬕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶaᱱ⩥ḡᬕ ᮹đᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ⦥ᖒ ᱽ⦹ᩡ əᯕᨱӹ᪉ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵እಾᩍᱥᵲǎᰆᨱḲᵲ
Łḡอᅕ ~šᱢb ḡ⦹ಅ۵ᱢᯕӹӹŁ
ǎԕ᮹ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽šಉ ᩑǍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
⋂+533lt ⦻ท
⦻ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯㜂൧ඦ㘆ท♯⩮ᡟ
0 NIF +⦦ሪḪᲾശᲢ㗦ᖛ⦻ท⩮ทᅞ♯ඟ
⅖ᣪḮ0ඟ⩮ᡟ⟦ᤆ 4 ⩫ 㝮ಪ ᡟ 5 㘆ಪ 6
ⵊ㘆⅖⤚⅖ඦ㘃⩪ 7㔲ᲹỮ㚮⩪㛾ᲹⳒᵮ
㛾ᡟ 8 ❺ඪຆᴾ㛾㚮⩪㛾ᡟ 9 ♯⅖㜶
㘆㘳 ⅲᤆඦ⋂᭒ᐢ⩪∷พᖛ⟮ൖ
∺Ⅻᴾ+5343 ⦻ท
Ꭺ♯㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⦻ท⩮ඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ท⩮Ꭺ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯6⅖Ꭺ㘆⅖ᣪ
0ඟ㉟ඟ⟦ᤆ4㔆⦪㛾ຆᴾ㛾 5 ᣏ㘆⟋㝲ᣒⵞ൮Ữ 6 ᶢท ඟ ൧㚂 ኮ ᖛ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅖඊ ⩮ጾ
⩫㝮ಪಪ⦦ᑮಪ∶⟊൧⟮Ḯ㘂ጾ⩫
ᖛⅫ㘆ഭ⟦ᤆ㚪⩺
ᅂᎪⳖ+5343
Ტท
㘆㔢ᖆ㚿㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᢲ㉊ᠻᲢท⩮2⟮㘆ᖾ᭒㚿
ⶲถ0Ტทᅞ⟶4ඝ⦻ᒃ⟶7ඝẶᡆᖆ⅖ᣪ⤚⅖
0ಫ Ặᡆᖆᖎ⟪ Ặᡆᖆ ᐞᨦ ᢖ ᴿ⟦ᤆ㔆㚮㘂ඊ ⟦ᅂ 㘞Ꭳ
ጞ 㘞 Ꭺᓂጾ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟪ ᎎ∶ ᓂඊ 㘆1
⨳ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟮ ㉟㘞 ඊೇശ 㛢⟮ ⦦ ᶞᎎጾ㚮⩪㛾ᨦ㉟㘆㑢㘂ඊ㘆ᖾ⟦ᤆᎎಪಪඊጾഭ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅒ
⇽ ᱡᱶญ
Ⳕᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᇥᕾ
ᄁԉĞ ᱽ⩥⫊ၰᱥ
ᄁԉᮡ ᯝᯕݡԕᱢᮝಽᱶ⊹ĞᱽᱢŅċᨩݡᱢᮝಽ۵
ǎ᮹ɩᙹ⊹ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎĞᇥᰢ⋥ᅕॵᦥಆᱱಚᮝಽᯙ⦽ǎᱽᱢእӽᩍುԪᱶ
ᯕᵲǎᗭಉ᮹ḡᬱᵲ᮹ᨕಅᬡŝݡԕᱢᮝಽ۵Ŗᔑᵝ᮹ᱶ₦᮹ᝅ➉Ḳℕ⪵
ᨱෙᨦᔾᔑ᮹እᮉaŝ⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽ᨦᔾᔑపĊqŝపӽᮝಽĞᱽ
ᱢᨕಅᬡᯕḡᗮᨩŁᱶ⊹ᱢŁพ Ⅹ௹⦹ᩡ ᯕ⦽ᱶ⊹Ğᱽᱢʑෝ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ ⩢ŝႊ ʼnಽ⦹۵
microᯕນᯕparaᱶ₦ ᝅ⦹ᩍĞᱽ⫭ᅖ᮹ᱥʑෝษಉ⦹ᩡ ᯕ Ⅹᬵ⦽ᱥႊƱי
ᖁʑ ⦹ᨱᝅᬊᵝ᮹ෝɝeᮝಽݡᱶ₦᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹ᩡ ⋥ᅕॵᦥᵝ
ᄁԉǑᙹၰ⋥ᅕॵᦥᔍಽᦦ⪵ᨩݡᵲšĥෝᖁ⧕ ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎƱ
ᱶᔢ⪵ෝᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᬵ$6($1ᰆš⫭᮹᪖ᱡქₙᕾ ᯲ᮝಽ
ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
ɩeḥ⇽⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ⧕ḥ ᄁԉᯕɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ᮹b⇶ᰆᯕaumlᯕ ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027 0LQLVWU RI QGXVWU DQG 7UDGHᨱ᮹⦹໕ ʑ χᄁԉ
ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
ๅᰆ ᬕ ᵲᯕ ᯕญᦥ᮹0ROLQDUL FDIIHa⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩŁzᮡ⧕ǎĥ7KH ampRIIHH HDQ 7HD HDIᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ⩥ᰍๅᰆ
ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
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v⪵⧩ ᨕฑᯕᬊᰆӽqᱶᔾᯝ⇽⦹ᬊᄥەၽ ᄥษĥ
⫮ ⧕ᨕฑᯕ ௹᮹Ł~ᮝಽҭᨕᯕŁๅᰆԕᨱᨕฑᯕסᯕ ᖒ⦹ᩍ
Ł~ᯕᨕಙ ভ)ampቭऽෝə᮹aᗮᨱᝍᨕᵭᮝಽ ᩑᜅiacuteᨕෙᯕᨕ
ᕽ )amp᮹Ł~ᯕ۵auml ⧩ ญᜅษᜅʑeᵲיᇢ⧙ऽ03ᖵ⊁
ᔍᮡ⧪ᔍෝ⧕ᱫᮡᯕ ҭᨕᩡ ᝅᱽಽ)amp᮹ᨕฑᯕ➉ḡ۵ๅ⇽᮹ᯕᔢ ₉ḡ⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⩥ḡ⪵
⩥ḡ⪵ᨱיಆ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆe❱ (178amp(lt )ULHG ampKLFNHQᨕݡᝁᨱ$ 5$1(178amp(lt ಽ (178amp(lt Łᔍอ ԉʑŁ )ULHG ampKLFNHQᮡ ᄁԉᨕಽ $ʑ1$5ݎ ಽၵЙᨕᯝၹᗭእᯕᦥᅕಾ⧩ อᯙ)amp۵ə
ಽᔍᬊ⦹Łݡ ๅᰆᨦᬱᮡᄁԉᯙಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
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₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᵲᖒᯕෙӹᨱእ⧕ᯙᱢᮝಽᇡಅḡ۵Ğ⨆ᯕ۵ᵝᰆᯕ
ǎ᮹ᱡᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᵲᖒᨙɪ⧁ভ۵ࢱaḡࢱ⧉۵Ğ
⨆ᯕv⦹ŁᯕĞᬑ ʑ χ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦᯕǎ3᮹⪚ᮡⅾᗭๅๅ⇽
᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹iacute 862amp ၹ໕ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᖒᰆශ ⧀ם
ভ۵እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕอ ᨙɪ⦹۵Ğᬑaฯᮡߑᯕ۵ḡӽᙹᝎeእܩᜅ
๘ႊᯕᱥႊᅕ ⭉ᦍෙᗮಽᖒᰆ⧕ʑভᯕ ODLU DIRQWDLQH S
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ĥႊ
ɡ ⥥₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacute⦽᮹ๅᰆอᖅᬕ⦹iacute⦹۵ĥႊ
ᯕ ມ ⥥₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacute⦽ᯕᔢ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⦹iacute⦹۵ĥ
ႊᮝಽḡᩎၽDUHD GHYHORSPHQW⥥₉ᯕษᜅ⥥₉ᯕಽǍᇥ ḡᩎ
ၽ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᵝᨕḥʑeԕᨱᱶḡᩎԕᨱᕽ⦽ᯕᔢ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⧁
ᙹ۵ႊᯕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ۵ḡᩎၽ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᔢ᮹ǭญෝᇡᩍ⦽ ĥḡᩎԕᨱᕽᯝᱶᙹ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⧁ᙹ ᐱอᦥܩḡᩎԕᨱᕽᕽቭ
⥥₉ᯕḡVXEIUDQFKLVHHෝḲ⧁ᙹ ᕽษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᕽቭ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ḡᬱၰƱᮂಉಽᙹᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ł ᨦ᮹ ၰ⩽ ٥ตᙹ
⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽šಉʑ ᩑǍaacute
⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵
ฯᮡᨦᯕĞʑᄡᨱၝq⦽⨆ ၼ۵ၹ໕⥥₉ᯕḶᮡĞʑᙽ⪹ᵝʑᨱእƱ
ᱢᱢ᮲ ⦽ ⪙⫊ʑᨱ۵ᔢၰᕽእᜅᙹ᮹aಽ⪶ᰆ⦹iacute໑ᇩ⫊ʑᨱ۵ᯝ
ญෝᯤᮡ⪵ᯕ⋝ᯕ⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦ ⦹ӹ᮹ݡᦩᮝಽŁಅ⦹໕ᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱ
ᦥḥšᝍᯕ⦽ݡ KLWWPRUH ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡǎ ⧉⦽ᖙĥᱥᩎᨱᕽᨦ
Ⅺḥ Łᬊ⇽ၰĞ ᱽၽᱥ ⦽ๅᬑᵲ⦽ᱥఖᮝಽŁಅᨕ +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡ ᕽእᜅᔑᨦɡಽჭ⪵᮹ᯙᯕᨕᮝ໑4XLQQ $OH[DQGHU ᕽእᜅᔑᨦʑᨦᮡ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹⥥₉ᯕḶ ⧕ᰆ⪶ᰆ
⧕ $OWLQH ⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹⦽⩶ᵲᨱᕽእܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕḶᮡᕽእ
ᜅᔑᨦʑᨦᯕɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᖒᰆ⧕ӹa۵ߑᨕᕽaᰆᔍᬊ⧕᪉⩶ᯕ
+RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ෝᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽእᱢᯙၽᱥݡ ᯕ ǎ᮹
እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡߑᨕɪᗮ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡ۵ݡ ᩍ
᮹ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡᮡ⧕ๅᰆᙹෝaʭᯕ۹ಅอᨱᯕiacuteᨩŁᵝ
ḥ⇽ǎᮡ⋱ӹ ᯝᅙ⪙ βǎ ᵝಽᖁḥǎᨱḲᵲᨩ 3UHEOH +RIIPDQ ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹a⧕ᨱๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽӹӹŁ
DQW 3HUULJRW ampOLTXHW እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡǎǎԕᰆᨱ
ᕽ aacute⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ ⧕ಽḥ⇽aumlᯕ RKHUW ᯕ۵➉ᜅ
ऽᔑᨦ᮹ɡಽჭ⪵ᔍಡᨱᕽᇥӹӹ۵ߑ⧕ᰆḥ⇽ႊჶ᮹⦹ӹಽᕽቭᭉ
ᯕๆձऽ )ampฯᮡ➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮡǎԕᰆᨱᕽ∊ᇥ⦽Ğ⨹ŝʑၹ ⪶
ᅕ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ⧕ಽḥ⇽⧕ (URJOX ᯕᮡᝁ᮹ቭ
ऽๅᰆᖪיᬑ⦹ᬑෝ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᱽŖ⦹۵ݡᝁᨱๅ⇽ᧂᨱݡ⦽ಽᩕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
۵ ᪅۹ԁᔢݚᙹɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ෝ⧕ǎᰆᨱᕽ
ᅕ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽᙹᯖ ฯᯕԕŁ ෝ໕ๆձऽ᮹Ğᬑ ⅾๅ⇽
᮹ෝ⧕ᨱᕽŁᮝ໑ )amp⦝⨼ቭऽෝᅕ⦹Ł۵ltXPUDQGV QF᮹
Ğᬑ ᇥʑๅ⇽ᨱᕽᵲǎԕๅ⇽ᧂᨖᇩᯕǎԕๅ⇽ᨖอᇩ ᦿḩ
ౡ ZZZZLNLQYHVWFRPVWRFN ǎᔢݡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹a⧕ᨱḥ⇽⧕
ᮝ໑ๆձऽ )amp (OHYHQ ᔢݚᙹቭऽᮡ⧕ๅᰆᙹaǎԕๅᰆᅕฯ
ZZZHQWUHSUHQHXUFRPIUDQFKLVHVLQGH[KWPO 1L $ORQ DQW ۵ǎ➉ᜅऽ
⥥₉ᯕෝݡᔢᮝಽ⦽ᔍෝ⧕aᱱᯕฯᙹಾๅᰆᯕᩍᵝᨱ⟝Კᙹ
ಾ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢᯙ⨆ ᵝ۵auml ၽč⧩ ⦽ᯙ ᯙ ݡ ᱶᅕᝁʑᚁ᮹ၽݍᮡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᨱɮᱶᱢ
⨆ ⅅ ᬑᖁḡญᱢᮝಽມญਉᨕḥӹᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕḡŝ᮹ᗭၰܩ
ยᯕᅕᬱ⪽⧕ᲭŁእᬊ໕ᨱᕽ⭉ᦍᱡಕ⧕Ჭ ᐱอᦥܩᅕ ᗭȽ⥥₉
ᯕ ɡಽჭ⪵ෝiacuteḥ⧪⧁ᙹiacuteᨩ $PRV ᯕ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ŝšಉʑᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯕು ᖅ⦹۵ݡᯕು
ᯙᬢᔕ8SSVDODߙ-RKDQVRQ 9DKOQH ŝᅙɡಽჭRUQ OREDOߙ5HQQLHsub໕ᨱᕽᅕ໕⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ۵ĥᱢǎᱽ⪵
ߙᯙᬢᔕߙ ෙŁ⧁ᙹԱ⦹໕ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteᯕᦩ
ᜅ ǎԕᰆŝ۵aumlᯕᔢᯕ⦹Łᔾᗭ⦽⦽⧕ᰆᮝಽaᲙaᕽᖒŖ⦹ʑ۵
ๅᬑᨕಖʑভᯕ ᬢᔕߙᮡʑᨦᮡǎᰆᨱᕽ⪶Ł⦽ʑၹ Ł∊ᇥ⦽
Ğ⨹ ᮡᨱ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹໑ ʑᨦ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᮡĞ⨹ᇡ ⨹⫭⦝᮹ᯕಽ
ᙽḡญᱢNtildeญᅕ۵⪵ᱢᔍᖒ ᝍญᱢNtildeญaaʭᬕǎaಽᇡຝǎaᙽ
ᮝಽḥ⧪Ł ʑᨦ᮹ݡƱඹ۵ᱥᱢᮝಽᙽᙹ⇽ᨱᕽᱱ₉ᱢᮝಽᝍ⪵Ʊඹಽ
ᯕᨕḥŁᖅ⦽ HOFK ۵ ⪚ǎ⥥₉ᯕෝၼᦥᯙݡ β⥥
₉ᯕḡ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᔍಡᩑǍෝ⧕⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ŝᱶ ᙹᵝʑߙಽᖅ
⦽ ǎᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ Ntilde⥥₉ᯕ۵⋱ӹ ǎ⪙ᵝzᮡǎŝ
⪵ᨙᨕᱢᮝಽᔍ⦽ᖁḥǎᮝಽḥ⇽⦹iacute໑ ᯝᅙŝzᮡ⪵ᨙᨕaෙᖁḥ
ǎ əญŁ⦽ǎᵲǎŝzᮡ⪵ᱢᮝಽNtildeญaມŁĞᱽaၽݍᝁǎ ษḡสᮝಽǎ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ ₥ႊ⦽ᖙݡ⥥₉ᯕa⧕ಽḥ
⇽⦹Ł ษ⋉ԕ ᵝǎᯙ ǎᮝಽʭḡ ḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ ᙽ⪹ᵝʑa Ҿӹiacute ۵ aumlᯕ +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ฯᯕᙹ⇽⦹Ntildeӹᙹ⦹۵ӹᮡᕽಽ
ḡญᱢᮝಽaʾNtildeӹ⪚ᮡ⪵ᱢᔍᖒᯕฯᮡauml ၽč⧩ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱš⦽⦺ĥ᮹ᩑǍ۵ḡᩎᱢᮝಽᵝಽǎǎ ᖁḥǎᨱḲ
ᵲ ᯕzᮡᇩɁ⩶ᨱݡ⧕ᝁǎ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ᮹⦥ᖒᯕᱽʑ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
DXIPDQQᨩŁ HLEHQVWHLQ əᯕᝁǎaᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaӹ᪅ʑ᯲⧩
HOVK $DORQ )DOEH ᮡᇡʭḡᝁᰆ ᔢᮝಽ⦽⥥ݡ
₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵ᩑǍෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᵲᇡ᮹Ğᬑᦥᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaaᰆฯᦹ
Łᇩaญᦥಽᦥᦥಽᄁܩᦥ ⧉ᨩᮝ໑ᵲԉ۵ቭḩᨱḲ
ᵲᨩŁᦥᦥ۵ᵲǎ እ⦹ᩍݡอa౩ᯕᦥ⪮ᯙօᦥᯕᩑǍ
ᨩ əᨱᯙ ᭉᯕԉᦥŖᯕ⧉ၽč⧩ 1L $ORQ DQW ۵
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍšಉ⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙǎa₉ᬱᯙŝḢᱢđᱶᯙʑᨦ
₉ᬱᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍಽݡᄥߑ۵⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵ ᱶǎᯕฯ
ᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ෝၼŁ۵ḡ⪚ᮡ ⥥₉ᯕᱡᯕᱶǎ⪚ᮡᱶḥႊჶ
ᖁ⦹۵ḡෝᖅ⦹۵ߑᬊ⦹Łၾ⩵
⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵᮹ᰆᄞ
⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᨱ۵ᅕᯕḡᦫ۵ᰆᄞŝᱽᱱᯕᰍ⦽ ᨱ۵ݡ
ǎᱶᇡ᮹Ƚᱽa ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ ḥ⇽ aಽส۵Ŗᱢᯙ ᱽಽӹԍ
DONHU (W]HO $GLQ DFNHU ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ ⇽ᔢᮝಽ⧕ḥݡ
ಅ⦹۵ᯕෝᔍ⦹ᩡ۵ߑəᮡǎԕᰆ᮹ᖒᰆaᖒ aᰆᯕಽΞᦹ
Łǎ ᱽᱥḡ᮹ᇡ ᰍᱶᱢ⦽ĥǎᰆᨱᕽᨦ⦹۵⨹ᇡݕ ᨩ ǎŝḥ⇽ݡᔢǎe᮹⪵ᨙᨕaෙᱶෝ᮹⦹۵⪵ᱢNtildeญ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᇡᱶ
ᱢ⨆ᵝ۵aumlᮝಽӹԍ ⪵ᱢ₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᨱiacuteᔍᨦᮅญš⧪ᗭၰᖒŝsubᱶᨱᨕᕽ₉ᯕಽᯙ⧕ԕᇡᱢᯙĞŝᬕᔢ᮹ᱽᱱ ၽᔾŁ
ᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵aǍ۵Ğᬑ⩥ḡ᮹ᙹෝᯕ⧕⦹Ł⩥ḡᙹᨱᱢ᮲⦹۵ᨕ
ಅᬡ ʑ۵aumlᮝಽၾ⩡Ჭ (URJOX ᝁᰆḥ⇽ aಽส۵ᱽᱱಽHOVK $DORQ )DOEH ۵ಽၰ
ᙹᙹഭᘂɩ ᱽ⦽⦹۵ᅙȽ ᱽჶᱢᱽ⦽šഭᵝ᮹ᱢᇥʑჶᱢ⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᇩᦩ
ᱶ⦽ᱶ⊹ᔢ⫊ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥ʑᨦᗭ ၰᬕŝšಉჶ᮹᮹ᱢ⧪ ḡᱢᰍᔑ
ǭᅕ⪙ᨱ᮹ᨕಅᬡၰŝ⦽እᬊᗭ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⦽ḡᗮᱢᯙƱᮂܩย
ၰᱽ᮹⦥⪵᮹₉ᯕෝᨩ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU ۵ᝁᰆᨱᕽ᮹
ᱽ⦽aᇥᗭाᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⧉⦽ ᔍᨦ⪽ᨱᱢᬊ۵ɝᅙᱢᯙᱽ
ᯥ ḡᱢ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱၰʑ
zᮡᩍ aḡᱽᱱᰆᄞၰ⨹ᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕᔾᗭ⦽⧕
ᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹۵ᯕ۵ᝅᅕ۵ाᯕฯ۵❱ ভᯕ⧁aumlᯕ (URJOX
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ltəฝ gt ⥥₉ᯕǎᱽ⪵đᱶᯙߙ
۵ǎᱽ⪵aᙹၹ⦹۵⩽ᯕ⨹ᅕ ᙹಾŁĞ⊖ᮡᅕ vಆ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ
⪵᮹᮹ḡෝwiacuteŁእᬊᯖᇥᕾ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᖅ⦽
⇽ (URJOX 6 7KH LQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ 3URFHVV RI )UDQFKLVH 6VWHPV $ ampRQFHSWXDO 0RGHO
(GZDUGV ۵⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱᮝಽᔩಽᬕᙹᯖᬱၽǕHJᨦᙹᙹഭ
ಽᩕᔢ❱ๅǎԕᰆ᮹ qᗭᯕ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteיᬑ⦹ᬑʑᚁၰḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭ᮹⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⪽ᬊɡಽჭʑᨦᯕᮝಽ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᨦℕݡእᔢ
ᱽŁ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡᔩಽᬕᦥᯕॵᨕෝၽǕǎԕಽᩍ᪕ᮝಽǎ
ԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᬑv⪵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭෝᅕ⧉ᨱෙᱥఖᱢᯕᱱၰ
ᅕ Ƚ᮹Ğݡ⪶ ᱽ⨆ ᱽ⦽ᝁᰆ᮹Ğᬑ۵ᵲᔑ⊖᮹⪶ݡᔢ
ᱫᮡ⊖᮹aᰆᰆ⪵᮹ḥᱥၰᯙǍၡḲᖒᙺᱢᮝಽݡ
⪵ၰĞᱽℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹ᕽǍᔢၰᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽ɪ⦹۵ᙹ ⥥₉ᯕ
ḥ⇽ᨱญ⦽⪹ĞᯕᖒŁ HOVK $DORQ )DOEH
⦽ǎԕᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡᩍ aḡʑಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦽
ǎ᮹Ntilde௹ᖁᯕຝᱡᱲⅪ⧕᪅۵Ğᬑᨱᕽᇡʑᨦ᮹ȽĞ᮹᮹ḡḢ
ᯙᇡ⪹Ğᯙ ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ۵⦹iacuteӹӽ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲㘞⩮ᒃ ⵂ
㘆㖮ᡆⳒ⩪ඪ2ඪጾ
6ᤆḪ
ZdonhudqgHwho+4lt6Kdfnhww+4lt9Zdonhu)
Furvv+4ltltZhofk+4ltlt4ltlt3 Dehoo+4ltlt4
ⵃKdfnhww+4lt9 Kriipdq dqg Suheoh+4ltlt6 Zhofk+4ltlt3
Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ჹ⩇Ꭺ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7 Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
㛿Ꭺ Kdfnhww+4lt9Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7Zhofk+4ltlt3
ทᅞ㒖㛾 KriipdqdqgSuheoh+4ltlt6Zhofk+4ltlt3Hurjox+4ltlt5
ສᤆᴶ♯⟦ᤆᣎ⩪ඊ⎠⟪᪇ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltKrsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ḫ㜂൧㛢 Hurjox+4ltlt5Kriipdq)Suheoh+4ltlt6
♯ຆ᭒ Hurjox+4ltlt5 D|glq)Ndfnhu+4ltlt3
᪇ Zdonhu)Furvv+4ltlt
൧㚂 ൧ ท൧㚂 㚂⋂
♯ ൧ ⟊ඪඪ+Ⅻඟ㜶
∶⤚㘓⟪㘳ᖛᲹท♯㙏
Hurjox+4ltlt5
⦻ಪỮ⟒ QlDorq)Gdqw +533lt
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ
⇽ RKHUW ၰᱡ ᅕ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵ ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
ᨱᕽၽ⦽ࢱ᮹ᖙӹഭaəe᮹ᩑǍԕᬊ ᇥᕾᱽ⦹۵⦽ᦿᮝಽ᮹ႊ
⨆ ᱽ⦹Ł ʡᵝ ᝁᰍᮡʑ᮹ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᯕ
⇽ᇡᇥ⧕ḥݡ ⦽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾᙹᵡᯕŁḡᱢ⦽ ᔍಡ
ʑᨦᯕᱽ⦹Ł۵ᱥఖႊᦩᩑǍݡᦩᯕӹđŝಽԕᮡᩑǍಽ~šᖒᯕđᩍ
Łᱶᨦŝᱶḡᩎḥ⇽ಽ⦽ᱶ໑⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⥥₉ᯕ ⩥ḡĥၰ
ᬕᔢ᮹Otilde⪵ᱢĞᱽᱢ⪹Ğᱢ₉ᯕa⧕ḥ⇽⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᖒŝᨱ⊹۵
⨆ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥⦹Łv⧩ ᯥɁᬱᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯙ Ḣᯙbᨱᕽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ⥥
₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ƚᩎᔍᱱ᮹ḡญᱢᇥa⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢ⨆ ⊽Łၾ
Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᦿᕽᬱŝᩎపᯕ∊ᇥ⦽ḡᩍᇡෝaacute⧕⦹Łǎԕᩍ ḡᩎᨱUgraveℱᱱෝᬕ⦹۵aumlᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦹Łᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ Ḣᯙ
ᨱ ǎԕᰆ᮹⪵⧕ᰆ᮹⪵ᱢNtildeญᱢ₉ᯕ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹ᖒᰆʑ⫭⪽ᬊ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
㚮㚮ᶟ
+5339⦻ท
⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯ඪ㘆⅖ᣪḮ
0⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯⦻ඟ♯48⅖♯8⅖ᨦᎪⅫ
⟦ᤆ㘆⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0⦪Ữ൮ⶲ⩮⦻ท♯൮ᤆᅂኮ⅖ᣪḮ
0ඟ⦻ท⩮⟮㘞 4Ꭺ㘆 Ⅻ㘆 ᶞ⋂⩻ඦḮ 5
ᬯ㛿㘆᭓㔆⩪ 6㚮⩪ᆲ㘓⟮㉟㘆❺Ḫ
㚮⩪⤚᪇ถ 7㚮⩪ⳮඪᲹ㚮⩪㛾ᩲᖛ⟮
㜂Ჿᬯ㚮+533
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅖♯ท㛾ᒃඪ㘆ㅺⅳᎎ⦻⅖ᣪถ
0EET᭒ᎇສᤆሪḪทᅞඟ㘞⩮㚮㜓Ჹ൮㜷ඪ㘆⅖
ᣪ⤚⅖
0 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ 㘞⩮⟮ 㘞ጾ 4 ♯ ⟊ ⤚⩫㛾 ፲⩂ඦ 5
㉟㘓ᓆᩲᱎ፲part፲⩂ᠦጾᓺಪ⩪ᡟ∷⟮⟦
ᤆ6ᶢทᣏ㘆ᬯถᓂ㘒⟮
⤚Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
ಪᲢท⟶⟮ಪ㘆ท᪅⟦ᤆ=ᤙᐚඟඦᎣᬞඦ
0ᑮᅊᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆᤙᐚ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟḮ
0ᑮᆺᖆ㘮ᴮച᪅ᩲᡟຢඊಪⵞ൚ᖛ㘆ท㘆
ทᯢ㛾Ḫ㘓ᓂ⩪⟶⟮⦦
0 ᤙᐚጾ ಪ Ტท ⟶ 㘮ᴮചᨦ 㘆ท ᪅+Ḳඊᴮച ᖛ⟦
ᤆㅮↇᲹᑮᆺᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟถ⅖ᨦ
㉟㘞ทᅞ♯൮Ꭺ⟊⟒⟊
0ⶲ㘞⩮⦻ท⩮⟪⤞ສᤆᴶẶᡆᖆ൧㝒⟒Ꭺ
⟻ᲹⳒᵮ㛾Ტ㠋ຢඊ㚮⩪㛾Ḫ⤛⟦ᤆ൧㚂
ර㛢⟊⤚㟂+533
㉊⤯ Ặᡆᖆᆲ EETຢᦣ ทᅞ Ჹ ສᤆᴶ ᩲ
ᡟ
0EETຢᦣඟඦ൮⩮ᡟ
0ඟ⟦ᤆ 4 FHRඦ⅖♯Ữ 5 Ⳓᵮ㛾ᓆ ❺
ᨂ 6⟋ᲹU)G+ㅒᎪ㘃 7㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ
⨲ᲹⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ⟊㉟㖮ᠦถᖛ⟮
㛢⅖Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯Ꭺ⦻ท⩮ඟඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ทⅫ㘞∶ 㘆ท Ჾശ Ꭺ PDUFRSROR ඊೇ733ᬯ⟮ Ꭺ
Ⅻ⟦ᤆ㛷ᶞỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮ⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0㘆ทᲾശಪᎪPDUFRSRORᶞᎎỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ
⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮᨦᶞ⟦ᅂ㛷ᶞጾㄚⳒಪ⟦ᱪ
ᤆ㛷ᶞ㜆㛾㗮
⪹Ğᯙŝ⧉ ᇥᕾ⧕⦹໑⧕ᰆḥႊ ⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⦽Ḣᱱᬕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶaᱱ⩥ḡᬕ ᮹đᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ⦥ᖒ ᱽ⦹ᩡ əᯕᨱӹ᪉ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵እಾᩍᱥᵲǎᰆᨱḲᵲ
Łḡอᅕ ~šᱢb ḡ⦹ಅ۵ᱢᯕӹӹŁ
ǎԕ᮹ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽šಉ ᩑǍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
⋂+533lt ⦻ท
⦻ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯㜂൧ඦ㘆ท♯⩮ᡟ
0 NIF +⦦ሪḪᲾശᲢ㗦ᖛ⦻ท⩮ทᅞ♯ඟ
⅖ᣪḮ0ඟ⩮ᡟ⟦ᤆ 4 ⩫ 㝮ಪ ᡟ 5 㘆ಪ 6
ⵊ㘆⅖⤚⅖ඦ㘃⩪ 7㔲ᲹỮ㚮⩪㛾ᲹⳒᵮ
㛾ᡟ 8 ❺ඪຆᴾ㛾㚮⩪㛾ᡟ 9 ♯⅖㜶
㘆㘳 ⅲᤆඦ⋂᭒ᐢ⩪∷พᖛ⟮ൖ
∺Ⅻᴾ+5343 ⦻ท
Ꭺ♯㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⦻ท⩮ඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ท⩮Ꭺ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯6⅖Ꭺ㘆⅖ᣪ
0ඟ㉟ඟ⟦ᤆ4㔆⦪㛾ຆᴾ㛾 5 ᣏ㘆⟋㝲ᣒⵞ൮Ữ 6 ᶢท ඟ ൧㚂 ኮ ᖛ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅖඊ ⩮ጾ
⩫㝮ಪಪ⦦ᑮಪ∶⟊൧⟮Ḯ㘂ጾ⩫
ᖛⅫ㘆ഭ⟦ᤆ㚪⩺
ᅂᎪⳖ+5343
Ტท
㘆㔢ᖆ㚿㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᢲ㉊ᠻᲢท⩮2⟮㘆ᖾ᭒㚿
ⶲถ0Ტทᅞ⟶4ඝ⦻ᒃ⟶7ඝẶᡆᖆ⅖ᣪ⤚⅖
0ಫ Ặᡆᖆᖎ⟪ Ặᡆᖆ ᐞᨦ ᢖ ᴿ⟦ᤆ㔆㚮㘂ඊ ⟦ᅂ 㘞Ꭳ
ጞ 㘞 Ꭺᓂጾ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟪ ᎎ∶ ᓂඊ 㘆1
⨳ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟮ ㉟㘞 ඊೇശ 㛢⟮ ⦦ ᶞᎎጾ㚮⩪㛾ᨦ㉟㘆㑢㘂ඊ㘆ᖾ⟦ᤆᎎಪಪඊጾഭ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅒ
⇽ ᱡᱶญ
Ⳕᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᇥᕾ
ᄁԉĞ ᱽ⩥⫊ၰᱥ
ᄁԉᮡ ᯝᯕݡԕᱢᮝಽᱶ⊹ĞᱽᱢŅċᨩݡᱢᮝಽ۵
ǎ᮹ɩᙹ⊹ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎĞᇥᰢ⋥ᅕॵᦥಆᱱಚᮝಽᯙ⦽ǎᱽᱢእӽᩍುԪᱶ
ᯕᵲǎᗭಉ᮹ḡᬱᵲ᮹ᨕಅᬡŝݡԕᱢᮝಽ۵Ŗᔑᵝ᮹ᱶ₦᮹ᝅ➉Ḳℕ⪵
ᨱෙᨦᔾᔑ᮹እᮉaŝ⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽ᨦᔾᔑపĊqŝపӽᮝಽĞᱽ
ᱢᨕಅᬡᯕḡᗮᨩŁᱶ⊹ᱢŁพ Ⅹ௹⦹ᩡ ᯕ⦽ᱶ⊹Ğᱽᱢʑෝ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ ⩢ŝႊ ʼnಽ⦹۵
microᯕນᯕparaᱶ₦ ᝅ⦹ᩍĞᱽ⫭ᅖ᮹ᱥʑෝษಉ⦹ᩡ ᯕ Ⅹᬵ⦽ᱥႊƱי
ᖁʑ ⦹ᨱᝅᬊᵝ᮹ෝɝeᮝಽݡᱶ₦᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹ᩡ ⋥ᅕॵᦥᵝ
ᄁԉǑᙹၰ⋥ᅕॵᦥᔍಽᦦ⪵ᨩݡᵲšĥෝᖁ⧕ ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎƱ
ᱶᔢ⪵ෝᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᬵ$6($1ᰆš⫭᮹᪖ᱡქₙᕾ ᯲ᮝಽ
ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
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ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
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ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
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431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
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491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
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551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
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581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
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641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
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ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
ᯥɁ ᬱ ʡᱶ ⧕ḥ⇽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ḣᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
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⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
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ɡ ⥥₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacute⦽᮹ๅᰆอᖅᬕ⦹iacute⦹۵ĥႊ
ᯕ ມ ⥥₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacute⦽ᯕᔢ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⦹iacute⦹۵ĥ
ႊᮝಽḡᩎၽDUHD GHYHORSPHQW⥥₉ᯕษᜅ⥥₉ᯕಽǍᇥ ḡᩎ
ၽ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᵝᨕḥʑeԕᨱᱶḡᩎԕᨱᕽ⦽ᯕᔢ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⧁
ᙹ۵ႊᯕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ۵ḡᩎၽ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᔢ᮹ǭญෝᇡᩍ⦽ ĥḡᩎԕᨱᕽᯝᱶᙹ᮹ๅᰆ ᖅᬕ⧁ᙹ ᐱอᦥܩḡᩎԕᨱᕽᕽቭ
⥥₉ᯕḡVXEIUDQFKLVHHෝḲ⧁ᙹ ᕽษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᕽቭ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ḡᬱၰƱᮂಉಽᙹᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ł ᨦ᮹ ၰ⩽ ٥ตᙹ
⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽šಉʑ ᩑǍaacute
⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵
ฯᮡᨦᯕĞʑᄡᨱၝq⦽⨆ ၼ۵ၹ໕⥥₉ᯕḶᮡĞʑᙽ⪹ᵝʑᨱእƱ
ᱢᱢ᮲ ⦽ ⪙⫊ʑᨱ۵ᔢၰᕽእᜅᙹ᮹aಽ⪶ᰆ⦹iacute໑ᇩ⫊ʑᨱ۵ᯝ
ญෝᯤᮡ⪵ᯕ⋝ᯕ⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦ ⦹ӹ᮹ݡᦩᮝಽŁಅ⦹໕ᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱ
ᦥḥšᝍᯕ⦽ݡ KLWWPRUH ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡǎ ⧉⦽ᖙĥᱥᩎᨱᕽᨦ
Ⅺḥ Łᬊ⇽ၰĞ ᱽၽᱥ ⦽ๅᬑᵲ⦽ᱥఖᮝಽŁಅᨕ +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ⥥₉ᯕḶᮡ ᕽእᜅᔑᨦɡಽჭ⪵᮹ᯙᯕᨕᮝ໑4XLQQ $OH[DQGHU ᕽእᜅᔑᨦʑᨦᮡ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹⥥₉ᯕḶ ⧕ᰆ⪶ᰆ
⧕ $OWLQH ⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹⦽⩶ᵲᨱᕽእܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕḶᮡᕽእ
ᜅᔑᨦʑᨦᯕɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᖒᰆ⧕ӹa۵ߑᨕᕽaᰆᔍᬊ⧕᪉⩶ᯕ
+RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ෝᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽእᱢᯙၽᱥݡ ᯕ ǎ᮹
እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡߑᨕɪᗮ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡ۵ݡ ᩍ
᮹ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡᮡ⧕ๅᰆᙹෝaʭᯕ۹ಅอᨱᯕiacuteᨩŁᵝ
ḥ⇽ǎᮡ⋱ӹ ᯝᅙ⪙ βǎ ᵝಽᖁḥǎᨱḲᵲᨩ 3UHEOH +RIIPDQ ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹a⧕ᨱๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽӹӹŁ
DQW 3HUULJRW ampOLTXHW እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡǎǎԕᰆᨱ
ᕽ aacute⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ ⧕ಽḥ⇽aumlᯕ RKHUW ᯕ۵➉ᜅ
ऽᔑᨦ᮹ɡಽჭ⪵ᔍಡᨱᕽᇥӹӹ۵ߑ⧕ᰆḥ⇽ႊჶ᮹⦹ӹಽᕽቭᭉ
ᯕๆձऽ )ampฯᮡ➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮡǎԕᰆᨱᕽ∊ᇥ⦽Ğ⨹ŝʑၹ ⪶
ᅕ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ⧕ಽḥ⇽⧕ (URJOX ᯕᮡᝁ᮹ቭ
ऽๅᰆᖪיᬑ⦹ᬑෝ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᱽŖ⦹۵ݡᝁᨱๅ⇽ᧂᨱݡ⦽ಽᩕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
۵ ᪅۹ԁᔢݚᙹɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ෝ⧕ǎᰆᨱᕽ
ᅕ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽᙹᯖ ฯᯕԕŁ ෝ໕ๆձऽ᮹Ğᬑ ⅾๅ⇽
᮹ෝ⧕ᨱᕽŁᮝ໑ )amp⦝⨼ቭऽෝᅕ⦹Ł۵ltXPUDQGV QF᮹
Ğᬑ ᇥʑๅ⇽ᨱᕽᵲǎԕๅ⇽ᧂᨖᇩᯕǎԕๅ⇽ᨖอᇩ ᦿḩ
ౡ ZZZZLNLQYHVWFRPVWRFN ǎᔢݡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹a⧕ᨱḥ⇽⧕
ᮝ໑ๆձऽ )amp (OHYHQ ᔢݚᙹቭऽᮡ⧕ๅᰆᙹaǎԕๅᰆᅕฯ
ZZZHQWUHSUHQHXUFRPIUDQFKLVHVLQGH[KWPO 1L $ORQ DQW ۵ǎ➉ᜅऽ
⥥₉ᯕෝݡᔢᮝಽ⦽ᔍෝ⧕aᱱᯕฯᙹಾๅᰆᯕᩍᵝᨱ⟝Კᙹ
ಾ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢᯙ⨆ ᵝ۵auml ၽč⧩ ⦽ᯙ ᯙ ݡ ᱶᅕᝁʑᚁ᮹ၽݍᮡ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᨱɮᱶᱢ
⨆ ⅅ ᬑᖁḡญᱢᮝಽມญਉᨕḥӹᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕḡŝ᮹ᗭၰܩ
ยᯕᅕᬱ⪽⧕ᲭŁእᬊ໕ᨱᕽ⭉ᦍᱡಕ⧕Ჭ ᐱอᦥܩᅕ ᗭȽ⥥₉
ᯕ ɡಽჭ⪵ෝiacuteḥ⧪⧁ᙹiacuteᨩ $PRV ᯕ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ŝšಉʑᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯕು ᖅ⦹۵ݡᯕು
ᯙᬢᔕ8SSVDODߙ-RKDQVRQ 9DKOQH ŝᅙɡಽჭRUQ OREDOߙ5HQQLHsub໕ᨱᕽᅕ໕⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ እܩᜅ๘⥥₉ᯕ۵ĥᱢǎᱽ⪵
ߙᯙᬢᔕߙ ෙŁ⧁ᙹԱ⦹໕ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteᯕᦩ
ᜅ ǎԕᰆŝ۵aumlᯕᔢᯕ⦹Łᔾᗭ⦽⦽⧕ᰆᮝಽaᲙaᕽᖒŖ⦹ʑ۵
ๅᬑᨕಖʑভᯕ ᬢᔕߙᮡʑᨦᮡǎᰆᨱᕽ⪶Ł⦽ʑၹ Ł∊ᇥ⦽
Ğ⨹ ᮡᨱ⧕ಽḥ⇽⦹໑ ʑᨦ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᮡĞ⨹ᇡ ⨹⫭⦝᮹ᯕಽ
ᙽḡญᱢNtildeญᅕ۵⪵ᱢᔍᖒ ᝍญᱢNtildeญaaʭᬕǎaಽᇡຝǎaᙽ
ᮝಽḥ⧪Ł ʑᨦ᮹ݡƱඹ۵ᱥᱢᮝಽᙽᙹ⇽ᨱᕽᱱ₉ᱢᮝಽᝍ⪵Ʊඹಽ
ᯕᨕḥŁᖅ⦽ HOFK ۵ ⪚ǎ⥥₉ᯕෝၼᦥᯙݡ β⥥
₉ᯕḡ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᔍಡᩑǍෝ⧕⥥₉ᯕ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ŝᱶ ᙹᵝʑߙಽᖅ
⦽ ǎᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ Ntilde⥥₉ᯕ۵⋱ӹ ǎ⪙ᵝzᮡǎŝ
⪵ᨙᨕᱢᮝಽᔍ⦽ᖁḥǎᮝಽḥ⇽⦹iacute໑ ᯝᅙŝzᮡ⪵ᨙᨕaෙᖁḥ
ǎ əญŁ⦽ǎᵲǎŝzᮡ⪵ᱢᮝಽNtildeญaມŁĞᱽaၽݍᝁǎ ษḡสᮝಽǎ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ ₥ႊ⦽ᖙݡ⥥₉ᯕa⧕ಽḥ
⇽⦹Ł ษ⋉ԕ ᵝǎᯙ ǎᮝಽʭḡ ḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ ᙽ⪹ᵝʑa Ҿӹiacute ۵ aumlᯕ +RIIPDQ 3UHEOH ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ฯᯕᙹ⇽⦹Ntildeӹᙹ⦹۵ӹᮡᕽಽ
ḡญᱢᮝಽaʾNtildeӹ⪚ᮡ⪵ᱢᔍᖒᯕฯᮡauml ၽč⧩ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱš⦽⦺ĥ᮹ᩑǍ۵ḡᩎᱢᮝಽᵝಽǎǎ ᖁḥǎᨱḲ
ᵲ ᯕzᮡᇩɁ⩶ᨱݡ⧕ᝁǎ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ᮹⦥ᖒᯕᱽʑ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
DXIPDQQᨩŁ HLEHQVWHLQ əᯕᝁǎaᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaӹ᪅ʑ᯲⧩
HOVK $DORQ )DOEH ᮡᇡʭḡᝁᰆ ᔢᮝಽ⦽⥥ݡ
₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵ᩑǍෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᵲᇡ᮹Ğᬑᦥᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaaᰆฯᦹ
Łᇩaญᦥಽᦥᦥಽᄁܩᦥ ⧉ᨩᮝ໑ᵲԉ۵ቭḩᨱḲ
ᵲᨩŁᦥᦥ۵ᵲǎ እ⦹ᩍݡอa౩ᯕᦥ⪮ᯙօᦥᯕᩑǍ
ᨩ əᨱᯙ ᭉᯕԉᦥŖᯕ⧉ၽč⧩ 1L $ORQ DQW ۵
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍšಉ⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙǎa₉ᬱᯙŝḢᱢđᱶᯙʑᨦ
₉ᬱᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍಽݡᄥߑ۵⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵ ᱶǎᯕฯ
ᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ෝၼŁ۵ḡ⪚ᮡ ⥥₉ᯕᱡᯕᱶǎ⪚ᮡᱶḥႊჶ
ᖁ⦹۵ḡෝᖅ⦹۵ߑᬊ⦹Łၾ⩵
⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵᮹ᰆᄞ
⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᨱ۵ᅕᯕḡᦫ۵ᰆᄞŝᱽᱱᯕᰍ⦽ ᨱ۵ݡ
ǎᱶᇡ᮹Ƚᱽa ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ ḥ⇽ aಽส۵Ŗᱢᯙ ᱽಽӹԍ
DONHU (W]HO $GLQ DFNHU ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ ⇽ᔢᮝಽ⧕ḥݡ
ಅ⦹۵ᯕෝᔍ⦹ᩡ۵ߑəᮡǎԕᰆ᮹ᖒᰆaᖒ aᰆᯕಽΞᦹ
Łǎ ᱽᱥḡ᮹ᇡ ᰍᱶᱢ⦽ĥǎᰆᨱᕽᨦ⦹۵⨹ᇡݕ ᨩ ǎŝḥ⇽ݡᔢǎe᮹⪵ᨙᨕaෙᱶෝ᮹⦹۵⪵ᱢNtildeญ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᇡᱶ
ᱢ⨆ᵝ۵aumlᮝಽӹԍ ⪵ᱢ₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᨱiacuteᔍᨦᮅญš⧪ᗭၰᖒŝsubᱶᨱᨕᕽ₉ᯕಽᯙ⧕ԕᇡᱢᯙĞŝᬕᔢ᮹ᱽᱱ ၽᔾŁ
ᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵aǍ۵Ğᬑ⩥ḡ᮹ᙹෝᯕ⧕⦹Ł⩥ḡᙹᨱᱢ᮲⦹۵ᨕ
ಅᬡ ʑ۵aumlᮝಽၾ⩡Ჭ (URJOX ᝁᰆḥ⇽ aಽส۵ᱽᱱಽHOVK $DORQ )DOEH ۵ಽၰ
ᙹᙹഭᘂɩ ᱽ⦽⦹۵ᅙȽ ᱽჶᱢᱽ⦽šഭᵝ᮹ᱢᇥʑჶᱢ⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᇩᦩ
ᱶ⦽ᱶ⊹ᔢ⫊ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥ʑᨦᗭ ၰᬕŝšಉჶ᮹᮹ᱢ⧪ ḡᱢᰍᔑ
ǭᅕ⪙ᨱ᮹ᨕಅᬡၰŝ⦽እᬊᗭ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⦽ḡᗮᱢᯙƱᮂܩย
ၰᱽ᮹⦥⪵᮹₉ᯕෝᨩ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU ۵ᝁᰆᨱᕽ᮹
ᱽ⦽aᇥᗭाᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⧉⦽ ᔍᨦ⪽ᨱᱢᬊ۵ɝᅙᱢᯙᱽ
ᯥ ḡᱢ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱၰʑ
zᮡᩍ aḡᱽᱱᰆᄞၰ⨹ᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕᔾᗭ⦽⧕
ᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹۵ᯕ۵ᝅᅕ۵ाᯕฯ۵❱ ভᯕ⧁aumlᯕ (URJOX
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ltəฝ gt ⥥₉ᯕǎᱽ⪵đᱶᯙߙ
۵ǎᱽ⪵aᙹၹ⦹۵⩽ᯕ⨹ᅕ ᙹಾŁĞ⊖ᮡᅕ vಆ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ
⪵᮹᮹ḡෝwiacuteŁእᬊᯖᇥᕾ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᖅ⦽
⇽ (URJOX 6 7KH LQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ 3URFHVV RI )UDQFKLVH 6VWHPV $ ampRQFHSWXDO 0RGHO
(GZDUGV ۵⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱᮝಽᔩಽᬕᙹᯖᬱၽǕHJᨦᙹᙹഭ
ಽᩕᔢ❱ๅǎԕᰆ᮹ qᗭᯕ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteיᬑ⦹ᬑʑᚁၰḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭ᮹⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⪽ᬊɡಽჭʑᨦᯕᮝಽ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᨦℕݡእᔢ
ᱽŁ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡᔩಽᬕᦥᯕॵᨕෝၽǕǎԕಽᩍ᪕ᮝಽǎ
ԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᬑv⪵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭෝᅕ⧉ᨱෙᱥఖᱢᯕᱱၰ
ᅕ Ƚ᮹Ğݡ⪶ ᱽ⨆ ᱽ⦽ᝁᰆ᮹Ğᬑ۵ᵲᔑ⊖᮹⪶ݡᔢ
ᱫᮡ⊖᮹aᰆᰆ⪵᮹ḥᱥၰᯙǍၡḲᖒᙺᱢᮝಽݡ
⪵ၰĞᱽℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹ᕽǍᔢၰᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽ɪ⦹۵ᙹ ⥥₉ᯕ
ḥ⇽ᨱญ⦽⪹ĞᯕᖒŁ HOVK $DORQ )DOEH
⦽ǎԕᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡᩍ aḡʑಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦽
ǎ᮹Ntilde௹ᖁᯕຝᱡᱲⅪ⧕᪅۵Ğᬑᨱᕽᇡʑᨦ᮹ȽĞ᮹᮹ḡḢ
ᯙᇡ⪹Ğᯙ ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ۵⦹iacuteӹӽ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲㘞⩮ᒃ ⵂ
㘆㖮ᡆⳒ⩪ඪ2ඪጾ
6ᤆḪ
ZdonhudqgHwho+4lt6Kdfnhww+4lt9Zdonhu)
Furvv+4ltltZhofk+4ltlt4ltlt3 Dehoo+4ltlt4
ⵃKdfnhww+4lt9 Kriipdq dqg Suheoh+4ltlt6 Zhofk+4ltlt3
Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ჹ⩇Ꭺ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7 Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
㛿Ꭺ Kdfnhww+4lt9Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7Zhofk+4ltlt3
ทᅞ㒖㛾 KriipdqdqgSuheoh+4ltlt6Zhofk+4ltlt3Hurjox+4ltlt5
ສᤆᴶ♯⟦ᤆᣎ⩪ඊ⎠⟪᪇ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltKrsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ḫ㜂൧㛢 Hurjox+4ltlt5Kriipdq)Suheoh+4ltlt6
♯ຆ᭒ Hurjox+4ltlt5 D|glq)Ndfnhu+4ltlt3
᪇ Zdonhu)Furvv+4ltlt
൧㚂 ൧ ท൧㚂 㚂⋂
♯ ൧ ⟊ඪඪ+Ⅻඟ㜶
∶⤚㘓⟪㘳ᖛᲹท♯㙏
Hurjox+4ltlt5
⦻ಪỮ⟒ QlDorq)Gdqw +533lt
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ
⇽ RKHUW ၰᱡ ᅕ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵ ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
ᨱᕽၽ⦽ࢱ᮹ᖙӹഭaəe᮹ᩑǍԕᬊ ᇥᕾᱽ⦹۵⦽ᦿᮝಽ᮹ႊ
⨆ ᱽ⦹Ł ʡᵝ ᝁᰍᮡʑ᮹ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᯕ
⇽ᇡᇥ⧕ḥݡ ⦽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾᙹᵡᯕŁḡᱢ⦽ ᔍಡ
ʑᨦᯕᱽ⦹Ł۵ᱥఖႊᦩᩑǍݡᦩᯕӹđŝಽԕᮡᩑǍಽ~šᖒᯕđᩍ
Łᱶᨦŝᱶḡᩎḥ⇽ಽ⦽ᱶ໑⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⥥₉ᯕ ⩥ḡĥၰ
ᬕᔢ᮹Otilde⪵ᱢĞᱽᱢ⪹Ğᱢ₉ᯕa⧕ḥ⇽⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᖒŝᨱ⊹۵
⨆ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥⦹Łv⧩ ᯥɁᬱᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯙ Ḣᯙbᨱᕽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ⥥
₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ƚᩎᔍᱱ᮹ḡญᱢᇥa⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢ⨆ ⊽Łၾ
Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᦿᕽᬱŝᩎపᯕ∊ᇥ⦽ḡᩍᇡෝaacute⧕⦹Łǎԕᩍ ḡᩎᨱUgraveℱᱱෝᬕ⦹۵aumlᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦹Łᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ Ḣᯙ
ᨱ ǎԕᰆ᮹⪵⧕ᰆ᮹⪵ᱢNtildeญᱢ₉ᯕ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹ᖒᰆʑ⫭⪽ᬊ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
㚮㚮ᶟ
+5339⦻ท
⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯ඪ㘆⅖ᣪḮ
0⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯⦻ඟ♯48⅖♯8⅖ᨦᎪⅫ
⟦ᤆ㘆⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0⦪Ữ൮ⶲ⩮⦻ท♯൮ᤆᅂኮ⅖ᣪḮ
0ඟ⦻ท⩮⟮㘞 4Ꭺ㘆 Ⅻ㘆 ᶞ⋂⩻ඦḮ 5
ᬯ㛿㘆᭓㔆⩪ 6㚮⩪ᆲ㘓⟮㉟㘆❺Ḫ
㚮⩪⤚᪇ถ 7㚮⩪ⳮඪᲹ㚮⩪㛾ᩲᖛ⟮
㜂Ჿᬯ㚮+533
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅖♯ท㛾ᒃඪ㘆ㅺⅳᎎ⦻⅖ᣪถ
0EET᭒ᎇສᤆሪḪทᅞඟ㘞⩮㚮㜓Ჹ൮㜷ඪ㘆⅖
ᣪ⤚⅖
0 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ 㘞⩮⟮ 㘞ጾ 4 ♯ ⟊ ⤚⩫㛾 ፲⩂ඦ 5
㉟㘓ᓆᩲᱎ፲part፲⩂ᠦጾᓺಪ⩪ᡟ∷⟮⟦
ᤆ6ᶢทᣏ㘆ᬯถᓂ㘒⟮
⤚Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
ಪᲢท⟶⟮ಪ㘆ท᪅⟦ᤆ=ᤙᐚඟඦᎣᬞඦ
0ᑮᅊᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆᤙᐚ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟḮ
0ᑮᆺᖆ㘮ᴮച᪅ᩲᡟຢඊಪⵞ൚ᖛ㘆ท㘆
ทᯢ㛾Ḫ㘓ᓂ⩪⟶⟮⦦
0 ᤙᐚጾ ಪ Ტท ⟶ 㘮ᴮചᨦ 㘆ท ᪅+Ḳඊᴮച ᖛ⟦
ᤆㅮↇᲹᑮᆺᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟถ⅖ᨦ
㉟㘞ทᅞ♯൮Ꭺ⟊⟒⟊
0ⶲ㘞⩮⦻ท⩮⟪⤞ສᤆᴶẶᡆᖆ൧㝒⟒Ꭺ
⟻ᲹⳒᵮ㛾Ტ㠋ຢඊ㚮⩪㛾Ḫ⤛⟦ᤆ൧㚂
ර㛢⟊⤚㟂+533
㉊⤯ Ặᡆᖆᆲ EETຢᦣ ทᅞ Ჹ ສᤆᴶ ᩲ
ᡟ
0EETຢᦣඟඦ൮⩮ᡟ
0ඟ⟦ᤆ 4 FHRඦ⅖♯Ữ 5 Ⳓᵮ㛾ᓆ ❺
ᨂ 6⟋ᲹU)G+ㅒᎪ㘃 7㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ
⨲ᲹⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ⟊㉟㖮ᠦถᖛ⟮
㛢⅖Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯Ꭺ⦻ท⩮ඟඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ทⅫ㘞∶ 㘆ท Ჾശ Ꭺ PDUFRSROR ඊೇ733ᬯ⟮ Ꭺ
Ⅻ⟦ᤆ㛷ᶞỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮ⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0㘆ทᲾശಪᎪPDUFRSRORᶞᎎỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ
⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮᨦᶞ⟦ᅂ㛷ᶞጾㄚⳒಪ⟦ᱪ
ᤆ㛷ᶞ㜆㛾㗮
⪹Ğᯙŝ⧉ ᇥᕾ⧕⦹໑⧕ᰆḥႊ ⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⦽Ḣᱱᬕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶaᱱ⩥ḡᬕ ᮹đᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ⦥ᖒ ᱽ⦹ᩡ əᯕᨱӹ᪉ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵እಾᩍᱥᵲǎᰆᨱḲᵲ
Łḡอᅕ ~šᱢb ḡ⦹ಅ۵ᱢᯕӹӹŁ
ǎԕ᮹ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽šಉ ᩑǍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
⋂+533lt ⦻ท
⦻ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯㜂൧ඦ㘆ท♯⩮ᡟ
0 NIF +⦦ሪḪᲾശᲢ㗦ᖛ⦻ท⩮ทᅞ♯ඟ
⅖ᣪḮ0ඟ⩮ᡟ⟦ᤆ 4 ⩫ 㝮ಪ ᡟ 5 㘆ಪ 6
ⵊ㘆⅖⤚⅖ඦ㘃⩪ 7㔲ᲹỮ㚮⩪㛾ᲹⳒᵮ
㛾ᡟ 8 ❺ඪຆᴾ㛾㚮⩪㛾ᡟ 9 ♯⅖㜶
㘆㘳 ⅲᤆඦ⋂᭒ᐢ⩪∷พᖛ⟮ൖ
∺Ⅻᴾ+5343 ⦻ท
Ꭺ♯㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⦻ท⩮ඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ท⩮Ꭺ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯6⅖Ꭺ㘆⅖ᣪ
0ඟ㉟ඟ⟦ᤆ4㔆⦪㛾ຆᴾ㛾 5 ᣏ㘆⟋㝲ᣒⵞ൮Ữ 6 ᶢท ඟ ൧㚂 ኮ ᖛ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅖඊ ⩮ጾ
⩫㝮ಪಪ⦦ᑮಪ∶⟊൧⟮Ḯ㘂ጾ⩫
ᖛⅫ㘆ഭ⟦ᤆ㚪⩺
ᅂᎪⳖ+5343
Ტท
㘆㔢ᖆ㚿㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᢲ㉊ᠻᲢท⩮2⟮㘆ᖾ᭒㚿
ⶲถ0Ტทᅞ⟶4ඝ⦻ᒃ⟶7ඝẶᡆᖆ⅖ᣪ⤚⅖
0ಫ Ặᡆᖆᖎ⟪ Ặᡆᖆ ᐞᨦ ᢖ ᴿ⟦ᤆ㔆㚮㘂ඊ ⟦ᅂ 㘞Ꭳ
ጞ 㘞 Ꭺᓂጾ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟪ ᎎ∶ ᓂඊ 㘆1
⨳ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟮ ㉟㘞 ඊೇശ 㛢⟮ ⦦ ᶞᎎጾ㚮⩪㛾ᨦ㉟㘆㑢㘂ඊ㘆ᖾ⟦ᤆᎎಪಪඊጾഭ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅒ
⇽ ᱡᱶญ
Ⳕᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᇥᕾ
ᄁԉĞ ᱽ⩥⫊ၰᱥ
ᄁԉᮡ ᯝᯕݡԕᱢᮝಽᱶ⊹ĞᱽᱢŅċᨩݡᱢᮝಽ۵
ǎ᮹ɩᙹ⊹ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎĞᇥᰢ⋥ᅕॵᦥಆᱱಚᮝಽᯙ⦽ǎᱽᱢእӽᩍುԪᱶ
ᯕᵲǎᗭಉ᮹ḡᬱᵲ᮹ᨕಅᬡŝݡԕᱢᮝಽ۵Ŗᔑᵝ᮹ᱶ₦᮹ᝅ➉Ḳℕ⪵
ᨱෙᨦᔾᔑ᮹እᮉaŝ⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽ᨦᔾᔑపĊqŝపӽᮝಽĞᱽ
ᱢᨕಅᬡᯕḡᗮᨩŁᱶ⊹ᱢŁพ Ⅹ௹⦹ᩡ ᯕ⦽ᱶ⊹Ğᱽᱢʑෝ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ ⩢ŝႊ ʼnಽ⦹۵
microᯕນᯕparaᱶ₦ ᝅ⦹ᩍĞᱽ⫭ᅖ᮹ᱥʑෝษಉ⦹ᩡ ᯕ Ⅹᬵ⦽ᱥႊƱי
ᖁʑ ⦹ᨱᝅᬊᵝ᮹ෝɝeᮝಽݡᱶ₦᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹ᩡ ⋥ᅕॵᦥᵝ
ᄁԉǑᙹၰ⋥ᅕॵᦥᔍಽᦦ⪵ᨩݡᵲšĥෝᖁ⧕ ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎƱ
ᱶᔢ⪵ෝᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᬵ$6($1ᰆš⫭᮹᪖ᱡქₙᕾ ᯲ᮝಽ
ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
ɩeḥ⇽⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ⧕ḥ ᄁԉᯕɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ᮹b⇶ᰆᯕaumlᯕ ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027 0LQLVWU RI QGXVWU DQG 7UDGHᨱ᮹⦹໕ ʑ χᄁԉ
ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
ๅᰆ ᬕ ᵲᯕ ᯕญᦥ᮹0ROLQDUL FDIIHa⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩŁzᮡ⧕ǎĥ7KH ampRIIHH HDQ 7HD HDIᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ⩥ᰍๅᰆ
ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
41 Fodulqv 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
41 FohyhuohduqLqf1 Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Folqltxh Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
531 FrfdVxnl ㆆ ท Irrg
541 Froolhuv LqwhuqdwlrqdoVlqjdsruhSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Uhdohvwdwhvhuylfhv
551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
571 GdohFduqhjlh)DvvrfldwhvLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
591 G|vohldLqvwlwxwhriXVD Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
51Hqjodqg Rswlfdo Jurxs Pdqdjhphqw+FhqwudoVgq1Ekg1 ᢲ⩪ Frqvxphujrrgv
51 HvfdgdDnwlhqjhvhoovkdiw ᑯ Uhwdlo2Idvklrq
5lt1 Hvw13hOdxghu Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
631 Hrq+Hvvr Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
651 JdolhqSkdupd 㖮 ᠻ Skdupdf|
661 JhqhudoQxwulwlrq LqwhuqdwlrqdoLqf1 Ტ ท Irrg
671 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
681 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv LqwhuqdwlrqdoSw|1 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
691 JUYlhwqdpLqwhuqdwlrqdo E Y L Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
61 Jxhuodlq 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
61 J|peruhhSod|Surjudpv Lqf1 Ტ ท J|peruhhhqwhuwdlqphqw)pxvlffhqwhu irufkloguhqhgxfdwlrq)hhuflvhsurjudpv
6lt1 KdugUrfnOlplwhg Ტ ท Irrg
731 Loo|Fdi13 ㅲ Ehyhudjh
741 Loo|Fdi13V1S1D ㅲ Ehyhudjh
751 MhwvwduDluzd|vSw|1Olplwhg 㛢 ⦦ Orz0frvwdyldwlrqvhuylfhv
761 Mroolehh 㗮 㗪 Irrg
771 NduurWhfkqrorjlhvOlplwhg ᑮ Vhuylfhv
781 NIF Ტ ท Irrg
791 NlqghuodqgHgxfduhVhuylfhvSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
71 OdVhqd LqwhuqdwlrqdoFrusrudwlrq ᅂ ᎎ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
71 OdwurehXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
7lt1 Ohh䭴vVdqgzlfkhv Ტ ท Irrg
831 OMKrrnhu+UhdoHvwdwh 㛢 ⦦ Uhdohvwdwh
841 OrwwhuldFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
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Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
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Łᇩaญᦥಽᦥᦥಽᄁܩᦥ ⧉ᨩᮝ໑ᵲԉ۵ቭḩᨱḲ
ᵲᨩŁᦥᦥ۵ᵲǎ እ⦹ᩍݡอa౩ᯕᦥ⪮ᯙօᦥᯕᩑǍ
ᨩ əᨱᯙ ᭉᯕԉᦥŖᯕ⧉ၽč⧩ 1L $ORQ DQW ۵
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍšಉ⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙǎa₉ᬱᯙŝḢᱢđᱶᯙʑᨦ
₉ᬱᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍಽݡᄥߑ۵⪹Ğᱢđᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵ ᱶǎᯕฯ
ᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ෝၼŁ۵ḡ⪚ᮡ ⥥₉ᯕᱡᯕᱶǎ⪚ᮡᱶḥႊჶ
ᖁ⦹۵ḡෝᖅ⦹۵ߑᬊ⦹Łၾ⩵
⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ⪵᮹ᰆᄞ
⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ḥ⇽ᨱ۵ᅕᯕḡᦫ۵ᰆᄞŝᱽᱱᯕᰍ⦽ ᨱ۵ݡ
ǎᱶᇡ᮹Ƚᱽa ǎ⥥₉ᯕ᮹⧕ ḥ⇽ aಽส۵Ŗᱢᯙ ᱽಽӹԍ
DONHU (W]HO $GLQ DFNHU ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ ⇽ᔢᮝಽ⧕ḥݡ
ಅ⦹۵ᯕෝᔍ⦹ᩡ۵ߑəᮡǎԕᰆ᮹ᖒᰆaᖒ aᰆᯕಽΞᦹ
Łǎ ᱽᱥḡ᮹ᇡ ᰍᱶᱢ⦽ĥǎᰆᨱᕽᨦ⦹۵⨹ᇡݕ ᨩ ǎŝḥ⇽ݡᔢǎe᮹⪵ᨙᨕaෙᱶෝ᮹⦹۵⪵ᱢNtildeญ ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᇡᱶ
ᱢ⨆ᵝ۵aumlᮝಽӹԍ ⪵ᱢ₉ᯕ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᨱiacuteᔍᨦᮅญš⧪ᗭၰᖒŝsubᱶᨱᨕᕽ₉ᯕಽᯙ⧕ԕᇡᱢᯙĞŝᬕᔢ᮹ᱽᱱ ၽᔾŁ
ᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵aǍ۵Ğᬑ⩥ḡ᮹ᙹෝᯕ⧕⦹Ł⩥ḡᙹᨱᱢ᮲⦹۵ᨕ
ಅᬡ ʑ۵aumlᮝಽၾ⩡Ჭ (URJOX ᝁᰆḥ⇽ aಽส۵ᱽᱱಽHOVK $DORQ )DOEH ۵ಽၰ
ᙹᙹഭᘂɩ ᱽ⦽⦹۵ᅙȽ ᱽჶᱢᱽ⦽šഭᵝ᮹ᱢᇥʑჶᱢ⪹Ğ᮹ᄡ⪵ᇩᦩ
ᱶ⦽ᱶ⊹ᔢ⫊ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥ʑᨦᗭ ၰᬕŝšಉჶ᮹᮹ᱢ⧪ ḡᱢᰍᔑ
ǭᅕ⪙ᨱ᮹ᨕಅᬡၰŝ⦽እᬊᗭ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⦽ḡᗮᱢᯙƱᮂܩย
ၰᱽ᮹⦥⪵᮹₉ᯕෝᨩ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU ۵ᝁᰆᨱᕽ᮹
ᱽ⦽aᇥᗭाᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⧉⦽ ᔍᨦ⪽ᨱᱢᬊ۵ɝᅙᱢᯙᱽ
ᯥ ḡᱢ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱၰʑ
zᮡᩍ aḡᱽᱱᰆᄞၰ⨹ᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕᔾᗭ⦽⧕
ᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹۵ᯕ۵ᝅᅕ۵ाᯕฯ۵❱ ভᯕ⧁aumlᯕ (URJOX
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ltəฝ gt ⥥₉ᯕǎᱽ⪵đᱶᯙߙ
۵ǎᱽ⪵aᙹၹ⦹۵⩽ᯕ⨹ᅕ ᙹಾŁĞ⊖ᮡᅕ vಆ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ǎᱽ
⪵᮹᮹ḡෝwiacuteŁእᬊᯖᇥᕾ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᖅ⦽
⇽ (URJOX 6 7KH LQWHUQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ 3URFHVV RI )UDQFKLVH 6VWHPV $ ampRQFHSWXDO 0RGHO
(GZDUGV ۵⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯕᱱᮝಽᔩಽᬕᙹᯖᬱၽǕHJᨦᙹᙹഭ
ಽᩕᔢ❱ๅǎԕᰆ᮹ qᗭᯕ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteיᬑ⦹ᬑʑᚁၰḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭ᮹⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⪽ᬊɡಽჭʑᨦᯕᮝಽ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᨦℕݡእᔢ
ᱽŁ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡᔩಽᬕᦥᯕॵᨕෝၽǕǎԕಽᩍ᪕ᮝಽǎ
ԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᬑv⪵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭෝᅕ⧉ᨱෙᱥఖᱢᯕᱱၰ
ᅕ Ƚ᮹Ğݡ⪶ ᱽ⨆ ᱽ⦽ᝁᰆ᮹Ğᬑ۵ᵲᔑ⊖᮹⪶ݡᔢ
ᱫᮡ⊖᮹aᰆᰆ⪵᮹ḥᱥၰᯙǍၡḲᖒᙺᱢᮝಽݡ
⪵ၰĞᱽℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹ᕽǍᔢၰᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽ɪ⦹۵ᙹ ⥥₉ᯕ
ḥ⇽ᨱญ⦽⪹ĞᯕᖒŁ HOVK $DORQ )DOEH
⦽ǎԕᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡᩍ aḡʑಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦽
ǎ᮹Ntilde௹ᖁᯕຝᱡᱲⅪ⧕᪅۵Ğᬑᨱᕽᇡʑᨦ᮹ȽĞ᮹᮹ḡḢ
ᯙᇡ⪹Ğᯙ ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ۵⦹iacuteӹӽ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲㘞⩮ᒃ ⵂ
㘆㖮ᡆⳒ⩪ඪ2ඪጾ
6ᤆḪ
ZdonhudqgHwho+4lt6Kdfnhww+4lt9Zdonhu)
Furvv+4ltltZhofk+4ltlt4ltlt3 Dehoo+4ltlt4
ⵃKdfnhww+4lt9 Kriipdq dqg Suheoh+4ltlt6 Zhofk+4ltlt3
Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ჹ⩇Ꭺ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7 Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
㛿Ꭺ Kdfnhww+4lt9Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7Zhofk+4ltlt3
ทᅞ㒖㛾 KriipdqdqgSuheoh+4ltlt6Zhofk+4ltlt3Hurjox+4ltlt5
ສᤆᴶ♯⟦ᤆᣎ⩪ඊ⎠⟪᪇ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltKrsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ḫ㜂൧㛢 Hurjox+4ltlt5Kriipdq)Suheoh+4ltlt6
♯ຆ᭒ Hurjox+4ltlt5 D|glq)Ndfnhu+4ltlt3
᪇ Zdonhu)Furvv+4ltlt
൧㚂 ൧ ท൧㚂 㚂⋂
♯ ൧ ⟊ඪඪ+Ⅻඟ㜶
∶⤚㘓⟪㘳ᖛᲹท♯㙏
Hurjox+4ltlt5
⦻ಪỮ⟒ QlDorq)Gdqw +533lt
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ
⇽ RKHUW ၰᱡ ᅕ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵ ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
ᨱᕽၽ⦽ࢱ᮹ᖙӹഭaəe᮹ᩑǍԕᬊ ᇥᕾᱽ⦹۵⦽ᦿᮝಽ᮹ႊ
⨆ ᱽ⦹Ł ʡᵝ ᝁᰍᮡʑ᮹ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᯕ
⇽ᇡᇥ⧕ḥݡ ⦽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾᙹᵡᯕŁḡᱢ⦽ ᔍಡ
ʑᨦᯕᱽ⦹Ł۵ᱥఖႊᦩᩑǍݡᦩᯕӹđŝಽԕᮡᩑǍಽ~šᖒᯕđᩍ
Łᱶᨦŝᱶḡᩎḥ⇽ಽ⦽ᱶ໑⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⥥₉ᯕ ⩥ḡĥၰ
ᬕᔢ᮹Otilde⪵ᱢĞᱽᱢ⪹Ğᱢ₉ᯕa⧕ḥ⇽⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᖒŝᨱ⊹۵
⨆ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥⦹Łv⧩ ᯥɁᬱᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯙ Ḣᯙbᨱᕽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ⥥
₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ƚᩎᔍᱱ᮹ḡญᱢᇥa⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢ⨆ ⊽Łၾ
Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᦿᕽᬱŝᩎపᯕ∊ᇥ⦽ḡᩍᇡෝaacute⧕⦹Łǎԕᩍ ḡᩎᨱUgraveℱᱱෝᬕ⦹۵aumlᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦹Łᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ Ḣᯙ
ᨱ ǎԕᰆ᮹⪵⧕ᰆ᮹⪵ᱢNtildeญᱢ₉ᯕ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹ᖒᰆʑ⫭⪽ᬊ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
㚮㚮ᶟ
+5339⦻ท
⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯ඪ㘆⅖ᣪḮ
0⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯⦻ඟ♯48⅖♯8⅖ᨦᎪⅫ
⟦ᤆ㘆⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0⦪Ữ൮ⶲ⩮⦻ท♯൮ᤆᅂኮ⅖ᣪḮ
0ඟ⦻ท⩮⟮㘞 4Ꭺ㘆 Ⅻ㘆 ᶞ⋂⩻ඦḮ 5
ᬯ㛿㘆᭓㔆⩪ 6㚮⩪ᆲ㘓⟮㉟㘆❺Ḫ
㚮⩪⤚᪇ถ 7㚮⩪ⳮඪᲹ㚮⩪㛾ᩲᖛ⟮
㜂Ჿᬯ㚮+533
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅖♯ท㛾ᒃඪ㘆ㅺⅳᎎ⦻⅖ᣪถ
0EET᭒ᎇສᤆሪḪทᅞඟ㘞⩮㚮㜓Ჹ൮㜷ඪ㘆⅖
ᣪ⤚⅖
0 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ 㘞⩮⟮ 㘞ጾ 4 ♯ ⟊ ⤚⩫㛾 ፲⩂ඦ 5
㉟㘓ᓆᩲᱎ፲part፲⩂ᠦጾᓺಪ⩪ᡟ∷⟮⟦
ᤆ6ᶢทᣏ㘆ᬯถᓂ㘒⟮
⤚Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
ಪᲢท⟶⟮ಪ㘆ท᪅⟦ᤆ=ᤙᐚඟඦᎣᬞඦ
0ᑮᅊᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆᤙᐚ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟḮ
0ᑮᆺᖆ㘮ᴮച᪅ᩲᡟຢඊಪⵞ൚ᖛ㘆ท㘆
ทᯢ㛾Ḫ㘓ᓂ⩪⟶⟮⦦
0 ᤙᐚጾ ಪ Ტท ⟶ 㘮ᴮചᨦ 㘆ท ᪅+Ḳඊᴮച ᖛ⟦
ᤆㅮↇᲹᑮᆺᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟถ⅖ᨦ
㉟㘞ทᅞ♯൮Ꭺ⟊⟒⟊
0ⶲ㘞⩮⦻ท⩮⟪⤞ສᤆᴶẶᡆᖆ൧㝒⟒Ꭺ
⟻ᲹⳒᵮ㛾Ტ㠋ຢඊ㚮⩪㛾Ḫ⤛⟦ᤆ൧㚂
ර㛢⟊⤚㟂+533
㉊⤯ Ặᡆᖆᆲ EETຢᦣ ทᅞ Ჹ ສᤆᴶ ᩲ
ᡟ
0EETຢᦣඟඦ൮⩮ᡟ
0ඟ⟦ᤆ 4 FHRඦ⅖♯Ữ 5 Ⳓᵮ㛾ᓆ ❺
ᨂ 6⟋ᲹU)G+ㅒᎪ㘃 7㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ
⨲ᲹⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ⟊㉟㖮ᠦถᖛ⟮
㛢⅖Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯Ꭺ⦻ท⩮ඟඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ทⅫ㘞∶ 㘆ท Ჾശ Ꭺ PDUFRSROR ඊೇ733ᬯ⟮ Ꭺ
Ⅻ⟦ᤆ㛷ᶞỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮ⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0㘆ทᲾശಪᎪPDUFRSRORᶞᎎỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ
⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮᨦᶞ⟦ᅂ㛷ᶞጾㄚⳒಪ⟦ᱪ
ᤆ㛷ᶞ㜆㛾㗮
⪹Ğᯙŝ⧉ ᇥᕾ⧕⦹໑⧕ᰆḥႊ ⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⦽Ḣᱱᬕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶaᱱ⩥ḡᬕ ᮹đᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ⦥ᖒ ᱽ⦹ᩡ əᯕᨱӹ᪉ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵እಾᩍᱥᵲǎᰆᨱḲᵲ
Łḡอᅕ ~šᱢb ḡ⦹ಅ۵ᱢᯕӹӹŁ
ǎԕ᮹ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽šಉ ᩑǍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
⋂+533lt ⦻ท
⦻ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯㜂൧ඦ㘆ท♯⩮ᡟ
0 NIF +⦦ሪḪᲾശᲢ㗦ᖛ⦻ท⩮ทᅞ♯ඟ
⅖ᣪḮ0ඟ⩮ᡟ⟦ᤆ 4 ⩫ 㝮ಪ ᡟ 5 㘆ಪ 6
ⵊ㘆⅖⤚⅖ඦ㘃⩪ 7㔲ᲹỮ㚮⩪㛾ᲹⳒᵮ
㛾ᡟ 8 ❺ඪຆᴾ㛾㚮⩪㛾ᡟ 9 ♯⅖㜶
㘆㘳 ⅲᤆඦ⋂᭒ᐢ⩪∷พᖛ⟮ൖ
∺Ⅻᴾ+5343 ⦻ท
Ꭺ♯㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⦻ท⩮ඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ท⩮Ꭺ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯6⅖Ꭺ㘆⅖ᣪ
0ඟ㉟ඟ⟦ᤆ4㔆⦪㛾ຆᴾ㛾 5 ᣏ㘆⟋㝲ᣒⵞ൮Ữ 6 ᶢท ඟ ൧㚂 ኮ ᖛ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅖඊ ⩮ጾ
⩫㝮ಪಪ⦦ᑮಪ∶⟊൧⟮Ḯ㘂ጾ⩫
ᖛⅫ㘆ഭ⟦ᤆ㚪⩺
ᅂᎪⳖ+5343
Ტท
㘆㔢ᖆ㚿㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᢲ㉊ᠻᲢท⩮2⟮㘆ᖾ᭒㚿
ⶲถ0Ტทᅞ⟶4ඝ⦻ᒃ⟶7ඝẶᡆᖆ⅖ᣪ⤚⅖
0ಫ Ặᡆᖆᖎ⟪ Ặᡆᖆ ᐞᨦ ᢖ ᴿ⟦ᤆ㔆㚮㘂ඊ ⟦ᅂ 㘞Ꭳ
ጞ 㘞 Ꭺᓂጾ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟪ ᎎ∶ ᓂඊ 㘆1
⨳ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟮ ㉟㘞 ඊೇശ 㛢⟮ ⦦ ᶞᎎጾ㚮⩪㛾ᨦ㉟㘆㑢㘂ඊ㘆ᖾ⟦ᤆᎎಪಪඊጾഭ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅒ
⇽ ᱡᱶญ
Ⳕᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᇥᕾ
ᄁԉĞ ᱽ⩥⫊ၰᱥ
ᄁԉᮡ ᯝᯕݡԕᱢᮝಽᱶ⊹ĞᱽᱢŅċᨩݡᱢᮝಽ۵
ǎ᮹ɩᙹ⊹ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎĞᇥᰢ⋥ᅕॵᦥಆᱱಚᮝಽᯙ⦽ǎᱽᱢእӽᩍುԪᱶ
ᯕᵲǎᗭಉ᮹ḡᬱᵲ᮹ᨕಅᬡŝݡԕᱢᮝಽ۵Ŗᔑᵝ᮹ᱶ₦᮹ᝅ➉Ḳℕ⪵
ᨱෙᨦᔾᔑ᮹እᮉaŝ⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽ᨦᔾᔑపĊqŝపӽᮝಽĞᱽ
ᱢᨕಅᬡᯕḡᗮᨩŁᱶ⊹ᱢŁพ Ⅹ௹⦹ᩡ ᯕ⦽ᱶ⊹Ğᱽᱢʑෝ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ ⩢ŝႊ ʼnಽ⦹۵
microᯕນᯕparaᱶ₦ ᝅ⦹ᩍĞᱽ⫭ᅖ᮹ᱥʑෝษಉ⦹ᩡ ᯕ Ⅹᬵ⦽ᱥႊƱי
ᖁʑ ⦹ᨱᝅᬊᵝ᮹ෝɝeᮝಽݡᱶ₦᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹ᩡ ⋥ᅕॵᦥᵝ
ᄁԉǑᙹၰ⋥ᅕॵᦥᔍಽᦦ⪵ᨩݡᵲšĥෝᖁ⧕ ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎƱ
ᱶᔢ⪵ෝᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᬵ$6($1ᰆš⫭᮹᪖ᱡქₙᕾ ᯲ᮝಽ
ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
ɩeḥ⇽⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ⧕ḥ ᄁԉᯕɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ᮹b⇶ᰆᯕaumlᯕ ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027 0LQLVWU RI QGXVWU DQG 7UDGHᨱ᮹⦹໕ ʑ χᄁԉ
ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
ๅᰆ ᬕ ᵲᯕ ᯕญᦥ᮹0ROLQDUL FDIIHa⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩŁzᮡ⧕ǎĥ7KH ampRIIHH HDQ 7HD HDIᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ⩥ᰍๅᰆ
ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
41 Fodulqv 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
41 FohyhuohduqLqf1 Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Folqltxh Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
531 FrfdVxnl ㆆ ท Irrg
541 Froolhuv LqwhuqdwlrqdoVlqjdsruhSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Uhdohvwdwhvhuylfhv
551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
571 GdohFduqhjlh)DvvrfldwhvLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
591 G|vohldLqvwlwxwhriXVD Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
51Hqjodqg Rswlfdo Jurxs Pdqdjhphqw+FhqwudoVgq1Ekg1 ᢲ⩪ Frqvxphujrrgv
51 HvfdgdDnwlhqjhvhoovkdiw ᑯ Uhwdlo2Idvklrq
5lt1 Hvw13hOdxghu Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
631 Hrq+Hvvr Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
651 JdolhqSkdupd 㖮 ᠻ Skdupdf|
661 JhqhudoQxwulwlrq LqwhuqdwlrqdoLqf1 Ტ ท Irrg
671 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
681 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv LqwhuqdwlrqdoSw|1 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
691 JUYlhwqdpLqwhuqdwlrqdo E Y L Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
61 Jxhuodlq 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
61 J|peruhhSod|Surjudpv Lqf1 Ტ ท J|peruhhhqwhuwdlqphqw)pxvlffhqwhu irufkloguhqhgxfdwlrq)hhuflvhsurjudpv
6lt1 KdugUrfnOlplwhg Ტ ท Irrg
731 Loo|Fdi13 ㅲ Ehyhudjh
741 Loo|Fdi13V1S1D ㅲ Ehyhudjh
751 MhwvwduDluzd|vSw|1Olplwhg 㛢 ⦦ Orz0frvwdyldwlrqvhuylfhv
761 Mroolehh 㗮 㗪 Irrg
771 NduurWhfkqrorjlhvOlplwhg ᑮ Vhuylfhv
781 NIF Ტ ท Irrg
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⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
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ಽᩕᔢ❱ๅǎԕᰆ᮹ qᗭᯕ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽaacuteיᬑ⦹ᬑʑᚁၰḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭ᮹⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⪽ᬊɡಽჭʑᨦᯕᮝಽ ǎԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᨦℕݡእᔢ
ᱽŁ ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡᔩಽᬕᦥᯕॵᨕෝၽǕǎԕಽᩍ᪕ᮝಽǎ
ԕᰆᨱᕽĞᰢᬑv⪵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭෝᅕ⧉ᨱෙᱥఖᱢᯕᱱၰ
ᅕ Ƚ᮹Ğݡ⪶ ᱽ⨆ ᱽ⦽ᝁᰆ᮹Ğᬑ۵ᵲᔑ⊖᮹⪶ݡᔢ
ᱫᮡ⊖᮹aᰆᰆ⪵᮹ḥᱥၰᯙǍၡḲᖒᙺᱢᮝಽݡ
⪵ၰĞᱽℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹ᕽǍᔢၰᕽእᜅᨱݡ⦽ɪ⦹۵ᙹ ⥥₉ᯕ
ḥ⇽ᨱญ⦽⪹ĞᯕᖒŁ HOVK $DORQ )DOEH
⦽ǎԕᰆᨱᕽᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡᩍ aḡʑಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦽
ǎ᮹Ntilde௹ᖁᯕຝᱡᱲⅪ⧕᪅۵Ğᬑᨱᕽᇡʑᨦ᮹ȽĞ᮹᮹ḡḢ
ᯙᇡ⪹Ğᯙ ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ۵⦹iacuteӹӽ
⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲㘞⩮ᒃ ⵂ
㘆㖮ᡆⳒ⩪ඪ2ඪጾ
6ᤆḪ
ZdonhudqgHwho+4lt6Kdfnhww+4lt9Zdonhu)
Furvv+4ltltZhofk+4ltlt4ltlt3 Dehoo+4ltlt4
ⵃKdfnhww+4lt9 Kriipdq dqg Suheoh+4ltlt6 Zhofk+4ltlt3
Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ჹ⩇Ꭺ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7 Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
㛿Ꭺ Kdfnhww+4lt9Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7Zhofk+4ltlt3
ทᅞ㒖㛾 KriipdqdqgSuheoh+4ltlt6Zhofk+4ltlt3Hurjox+4ltlt5
ສᤆᴶ♯⟦ᤆᣎ⩪ඊ⎠⟪᪇ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltKrsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ḫ㜂൧㛢 Hurjox+4ltlt5Kriipdq)Suheoh+4ltlt6
♯ຆ᭒ Hurjox+4ltlt5 D|glq)Ndfnhu+4ltlt3
᪇ Zdonhu)Furvv+4ltlt
൧㚂 ൧ ท൧㚂 㚂⋂
♯ ൧ ⟊ඪඪ+Ⅻඟ㜶
∶⤚㘓⟪㘳ᖛᲹท♯㙏
Hurjox+4ltlt5
⦻ಪỮ⟒ QlDorq)Gdqw +533lt
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ
⇽ RKHUW ၰᱡ ᅕ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵ ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
ᨱᕽၽ⦽ࢱ᮹ᖙӹഭaəe᮹ᩑǍԕᬊ ᇥᕾᱽ⦹۵⦽ᦿᮝಽ᮹ႊ
⨆ ᱽ⦹Ł ʡᵝ ᝁᰍᮡʑ᮹ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᯕ
⇽ᇡᇥ⧕ḥݡ ⦽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾᙹᵡᯕŁḡᱢ⦽ ᔍಡ
ʑᨦᯕᱽ⦹Ł۵ᱥఖႊᦩᩑǍݡᦩᯕӹđŝಽԕᮡᩑǍಽ~šᖒᯕđᩍ
Łᱶᨦŝᱶḡᩎḥ⇽ಽ⦽ᱶ໑⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⥥₉ᯕ ⩥ḡĥၰ
ᬕᔢ᮹Otilde⪵ᱢĞᱽᱢ⪹Ğᱢ₉ᯕa⧕ḥ⇽⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᖒŝᨱ⊹۵
⨆ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥⦹Łv⧩ ᯥɁᬱᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯙ Ḣᯙbᨱᕽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ⥥
₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ƚᩎᔍᱱ᮹ḡญᱢᇥa⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢ⨆ ⊽Łၾ
Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᦿᕽᬱŝᩎపᯕ∊ᇥ⦽ḡᩍᇡෝaacute⧕⦹Łǎԕᩍ ḡᩎᨱUgraveℱᱱෝᬕ⦹۵aumlᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦹Łᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ Ḣᯙ
ᨱ ǎԕᰆ᮹⪵⧕ᰆ᮹⪵ᱢNtildeญᱢ₉ᯕ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹ᖒᰆʑ⫭⪽ᬊ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
㚮㚮ᶟ
+5339⦻ท
⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯ඪ㘆⅖ᣪḮ
0⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯⦻ඟ♯48⅖♯8⅖ᨦᎪⅫ
⟦ᤆ㘆⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0⦪Ữ൮ⶲ⩮⦻ท♯൮ᤆᅂኮ⅖ᣪḮ
0ඟ⦻ท⩮⟮㘞 4Ꭺ㘆 Ⅻ㘆 ᶞ⋂⩻ඦḮ 5
ᬯ㛿㘆᭓㔆⩪ 6㚮⩪ᆲ㘓⟮㉟㘆❺Ḫ
㚮⩪⤚᪇ถ 7㚮⩪ⳮඪᲹ㚮⩪㛾ᩲᖛ⟮
㜂Ჿᬯ㚮+533
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅖♯ท㛾ᒃඪ㘆ㅺⅳᎎ⦻⅖ᣪถ
0EET᭒ᎇສᤆሪḪทᅞඟ㘞⩮㚮㜓Ჹ൮㜷ඪ㘆⅖
ᣪ⤚⅖
0 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ 㘞⩮⟮ 㘞ጾ 4 ♯ ⟊ ⤚⩫㛾 ፲⩂ඦ 5
㉟㘓ᓆᩲᱎ፲part፲⩂ᠦጾᓺಪ⩪ᡟ∷⟮⟦
ᤆ6ᶢทᣏ㘆ᬯถᓂ㘒⟮
⤚Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
ಪᲢท⟶⟮ಪ㘆ท᪅⟦ᤆ=ᤙᐚඟඦᎣᬞඦ
0ᑮᅊᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆᤙᐚ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟḮ
0ᑮᆺᖆ㘮ᴮച᪅ᩲᡟຢඊಪⵞ൚ᖛ㘆ท㘆
ทᯢ㛾Ḫ㘓ᓂ⩪⟶⟮⦦
0 ᤙᐚጾ ಪ Ტท ⟶ 㘮ᴮചᨦ 㘆ท ᪅+Ḳඊᴮച ᖛ⟦
ᤆㅮↇᲹᑮᆺᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟถ⅖ᨦ
㉟㘞ทᅞ♯൮Ꭺ⟊⟒⟊
0ⶲ㘞⩮⦻ท⩮⟪⤞ສᤆᴶẶᡆᖆ൧㝒⟒Ꭺ
⟻ᲹⳒᵮ㛾Ტ㠋ຢඊ㚮⩪㛾Ḫ⤛⟦ᤆ൧㚂
ර㛢⟊⤚㟂+533
㉊⤯ Ặᡆᖆᆲ EETຢᦣ ทᅞ Ჹ ສᤆᴶ ᩲ
ᡟ
0EETຢᦣඟඦ൮⩮ᡟ
0ඟ⟦ᤆ 4 FHRඦ⅖♯Ữ 5 Ⳓᵮ㛾ᓆ ❺
ᨂ 6⟋ᲹU)G+ㅒᎪ㘃 7㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ
⨲ᲹⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ⟊㉟㖮ᠦถᖛ⟮
㛢⅖Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯Ꭺ⦻ท⩮ඟඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ทⅫ㘞∶ 㘆ท Ჾശ Ꭺ PDUFRSROR ඊೇ733ᬯ⟮ Ꭺ
Ⅻ⟦ᤆ㛷ᶞỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮ⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0㘆ทᲾശಪᎪPDUFRSRORᶞᎎỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ
⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮᨦᶞ⟦ᅂ㛷ᶞጾㄚⳒಪ⟦ᱪ
ᤆ㛷ᶞ㜆㛾㗮
⪹Ğᯙŝ⧉ ᇥᕾ⧕⦹໑⧕ᰆḥႊ ⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⦽Ḣᱱᬕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶaᱱ⩥ḡᬕ ᮹đᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ⦥ᖒ ᱽ⦹ᩡ əᯕᨱӹ᪉ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵እಾᩍᱥᵲǎᰆᨱḲᵲ
Łḡอᅕ ~šᱢb ḡ⦹ಅ۵ᱢᯕӹӹŁ
ǎԕ᮹ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽šಉ ᩑǍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
⋂+533lt ⦻ท
⦻ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯㜂൧ඦ㘆ท♯⩮ᡟ
0 NIF +⦦ሪḪᲾശᲢ㗦ᖛ⦻ท⩮ทᅞ♯ඟ
⅖ᣪḮ0ඟ⩮ᡟ⟦ᤆ 4 ⩫ 㝮ಪ ᡟ 5 㘆ಪ 6
ⵊ㘆⅖⤚⅖ඦ㘃⩪ 7㔲ᲹỮ㚮⩪㛾ᲹⳒᵮ
㛾ᡟ 8 ❺ඪຆᴾ㛾㚮⩪㛾ᡟ 9 ♯⅖㜶
㘆㘳 ⅲᤆඦ⋂᭒ᐢ⩪∷พᖛ⟮ൖ
∺Ⅻᴾ+5343 ⦻ท
Ꭺ♯㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⦻ท⩮ඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ท⩮Ꭺ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯6⅖Ꭺ㘆⅖ᣪ
0ඟ㉟ඟ⟦ᤆ4㔆⦪㛾ຆᴾ㛾 5 ᣏ㘆⟋㝲ᣒⵞ൮Ữ 6 ᶢท ඟ ൧㚂 ኮ ᖛ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅖඊ ⩮ጾ
⩫㝮ಪಪ⦦ᑮಪ∶⟊൧⟮Ḯ㘂ጾ⩫
ᖛⅫ㘆ഭ⟦ᤆ㚪⩺
ᅂᎪⳖ+5343
Ტท
㘆㔢ᖆ㚿㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᢲ㉊ᠻᲢท⩮2⟮㘆ᖾ᭒㚿
ⶲถ0Ტทᅞ⟶4ඝ⦻ᒃ⟶7ඝẶᡆᖆ⅖ᣪ⤚⅖
0ಫ Ặᡆᖆᖎ⟪ Ặᡆᖆ ᐞᨦ ᢖ ᴿ⟦ᤆ㔆㚮㘂ඊ ⟦ᅂ 㘞Ꭳ
ጞ 㘞 Ꭺᓂጾ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟪ ᎎ∶ ᓂඊ 㘆1
⨳ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟮ ㉟㘞 ඊೇശ 㛢⟮ ⦦ ᶞᎎጾ㚮⩪㛾ᨦ㉟㘆㑢㘂ඊ㘆ᖾ⟦ᤆᎎಪಪඊጾഭ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅒ
⇽ ᱡᱶญ
Ⳕᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᇥᕾ
ᄁԉĞ ᱽ⩥⫊ၰᱥ
ᄁԉᮡ ᯝᯕݡԕᱢᮝಽᱶ⊹ĞᱽᱢŅċᨩݡᱢᮝಽ۵
ǎ᮹ɩᙹ⊹ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎĞᇥᰢ⋥ᅕॵᦥಆᱱಚᮝಽᯙ⦽ǎᱽᱢእӽᩍುԪᱶ
ᯕᵲǎᗭಉ᮹ḡᬱᵲ᮹ᨕಅᬡŝݡԕᱢᮝಽ۵Ŗᔑᵝ᮹ᱶ₦᮹ᝅ➉Ḳℕ⪵
ᨱෙᨦᔾᔑ᮹እᮉaŝ⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽ᨦᔾᔑపĊqŝపӽᮝಽĞᱽ
ᱢᨕಅᬡᯕḡᗮᨩŁᱶ⊹ᱢŁพ Ⅹ௹⦹ᩡ ᯕ⦽ᱶ⊹Ğᱽᱢʑෝ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ ⩢ŝႊ ʼnಽ⦹۵
microᯕນᯕparaᱶ₦ ᝅ⦹ᩍĞᱽ⫭ᅖ᮹ᱥʑෝษಉ⦹ᩡ ᯕ Ⅹᬵ⦽ᱥႊƱי
ᖁʑ ⦹ᨱᝅᬊᵝ᮹ෝɝeᮝಽݡᱶ₦᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹ᩡ ⋥ᅕॵᦥᵝ
ᄁԉǑᙹၰ⋥ᅕॵᦥᔍಽᦦ⪵ᨩݡᵲšĥෝᖁ⧕ ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎƱ
ᱶᔢ⪵ෝᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᬵ$6($1ᰆš⫭᮹᪖ᱡქₙᕾ ᯲ᮝಽ
ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
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ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
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0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
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ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
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aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
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ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
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ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
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ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
41 Fodulqv 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
41 FohyhuohduqLqf1 Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Folqltxh Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
531 FrfdVxnl ㆆ ท Irrg
541 Froolhuv LqwhuqdwlrqdoVlqjdsruhSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Uhdohvwdwhvhuylfhv
551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
571 GdohFduqhjlh)DvvrfldwhvLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
591 G|vohldLqvwlwxwhriXVD Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
51Hqjodqg Rswlfdo Jurxs Pdqdjhphqw+FhqwudoVgq1Ekg1 ᢲ⩪ Frqvxphujrrgv
51 HvfdgdDnwlhqjhvhoovkdiw ᑯ Uhwdlo2Idvklrq
5lt1 Hvw13hOdxghu Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
631 Hrq+Hvvr Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
651 JdolhqSkdupd 㖮 ᠻ Skdupdf|
661 JhqhudoQxwulwlrq LqwhuqdwlrqdoLqf1 Ტ ท Irrg
671 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
681 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv LqwhuqdwlrqdoSw|1 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
691 JUYlhwqdpLqwhuqdwlrqdo E Y L Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
61 Jxhuodlq 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
61 J|peruhhSod|Surjudpv Lqf1 Ტ ท J|peruhhhqwhuwdlqphqw)pxvlffhqwhu irufkloguhqhgxfdwlrq)hhuflvhsurjudpv
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731 Loo|Fdi13 ㅲ Ehyhudjh
741 Loo|Fdi13V1S1D ㅲ Ehyhudjh
751 MhwvwduDluzd|vSw|1Olplwhg 㛢 ⦦ Orz0frvwdyldwlrqvhuylfhv
761 Mroolehh 㗮 㗪 Irrg
771 NduurWhfkqrorjlhvOlplwhg ᑮ Vhuylfhv
781 NIF Ტ ท Irrg
791 NlqghuodqgHgxfduhVhuylfhvSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
71 OdVhqd LqwhuqdwlrqdoFrusrudwlrq ᅂ ᎎ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
71 OdwurehXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
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841 OrwwhuldFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
851 Phglfduh ท Skdupdf|
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871 PlqlOde0Ixml ᶢ Skrwrvkrsv
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891 Prelo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
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941 RVLP ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Khdowkfduhhtxlsphqw
951 SdooPdoo ท Wredffr
961 Sdunvrq ᢲ⩪ Uhwdlo
971 SlhuuhFduglq 㖮 ᠻ Idvklrq
981 SldKxw Ტ ท Irrg
991 Txdolwhd ᠻ Ehyhudjh
91 UPLWXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
91 VdqgohuV|vwhpv Lqf1 Ტ ท Vhuylfhv
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31 Vkhoo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
41 Vklvhlgr ᶢ Frvphwlfv
51 VkrhErIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Frqvxphujrrgv
61 Vluyd+DlvdSwh1Olplwhg ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Vhuylfhv
71 VslqhoolSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Irrg
81 Vzdwfk Frqvxphujrrgv+Zulvwzdwfkhv
91 WdslrFxs Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
1 WhdvFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
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71 ZdowGlvqh| Ტ ท Hqwhuwdlqphqw
81 ZlqqHqwhusulvhvOOF+XVD Ტ ท Uhdohvwdwheurnhudjh
91 ZruogriVsruwv ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Vsruwvjrrgv
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⇽ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
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41 572Vhyhq Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 DorWhd Ehyhudjh
61 DTVlon Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
ᄁԉĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ʑᵡⅾᄁԉᨦℕa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⨩aෝ≉ा⧩ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ
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ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
ᯥɁ ᬱ ʡᱶ ⧕ḥ⇽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ḣᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
⩥ᯙȽ ᄁԉᰆᇥᕾŝḥ⇽ᱥఖ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ḡ
275$ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ᰆᔾᱥఖᕽᬙᖙŲ⪵ᔍ
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㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯Ꭺ⦻ท⩮ඟඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ทⅫ㘞∶ 㘆ท Ჾശ Ꭺ PDUFRSROR ඊೇ733ᬯ⟮ Ꭺ
Ⅻ⟦ᤆ㛷ᶞỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮ⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0㘆ทᲾശಪᎪPDUFRSRORᶞᎎỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ
⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮᨦᶞ⟦ᅂ㛷ᶞጾㄚⳒಪ⟦ᱪ
ᤆ㛷ᶞ㜆㛾㗮
⪹Ğᯙŝ⧉ ᇥᕾ⧕⦹໑⧕ᰆḥႊ ⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⦽Ḣᱱᬕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶaᱱ⩥ḡᬕ ᮹đᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ⦥ᖒ ᱽ⦹ᩡ əᯕᨱӹ᪉ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵እಾᩍᱥᵲǎᰆᨱḲᵲ
Łḡอᅕ ~šᱢb ḡ⦹ಅ۵ᱢᯕӹӹŁ
ǎԕ᮹ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽šಉ ᩑǍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
⋂+533lt ⦻ท
⦻ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯㜂൧ඦ㘆ท♯⩮ᡟ
0 NIF +⦦ሪḪᲾശᲢ㗦ᖛ⦻ท⩮ทᅞ♯ඟ
⅖ᣪḮ0ඟ⩮ᡟ⟦ᤆ 4 ⩫ 㝮ಪ ᡟ 5 㘆ಪ 6
ⵊ㘆⅖⤚⅖ඦ㘃⩪ 7㔲ᲹỮ㚮⩪㛾ᲹⳒᵮ
㛾ᡟ 8 ❺ඪຆᴾ㛾㚮⩪㛾ᡟ 9 ♯⅖㜶
㘆㘳 ⅲᤆඦ⋂᭒ᐢ⩪∷พᖛ⟮ൖ
∺Ⅻᴾ+5343 ⦻ท
Ꭺ♯㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⦻ท⩮ඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ท⩮Ꭺ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯6⅖Ꭺ㘆⅖ᣪ
0ඟ㉟ඟ⟦ᤆ4㔆⦪㛾ຆᴾ㛾 5 ᣏ㘆⟋㝲ᣒⵞ൮Ữ 6 ᶢท ඟ ൧㚂 ኮ ᖛ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅖඊ ⩮ጾ
⩫㝮ಪಪ⦦ᑮಪ∶⟊൧⟮Ḯ㘂ጾ⩫
ᖛⅫ㘆ഭ⟦ᤆ㚪⩺
ᅂᎪⳖ+5343
Ტท
㘆㔢ᖆ㚿㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᢲ㉊ᠻᲢท⩮2⟮㘆ᖾ᭒㚿
ⶲถ0Ტทᅞ⟶4ඝ⦻ᒃ⟶7ඝẶᡆᖆ⅖ᣪ⤚⅖
0ಫ Ặᡆᖆᖎ⟪ Ặᡆᖆ ᐞᨦ ᢖ ᴿ⟦ᤆ㔆㚮㘂ඊ ⟦ᅂ 㘞Ꭳ
ጞ 㘞 Ꭺᓂጾ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟪ ᎎ∶ ᓂඊ 㘆1
⨳ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟮ ㉟㘞 ඊೇശ 㛢⟮ ⦦ ᶞᎎጾ㚮⩪㛾ᨦ㉟㘆㑢㘂ඊ㘆ᖾ⟦ᤆᎎಪಪඊጾഭ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅒ
⇽ ᱡᱶญ
Ⳕᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᇥᕾ
ᄁԉĞ ᱽ⩥⫊ၰᱥ
ᄁԉᮡ ᯝᯕݡԕᱢᮝಽᱶ⊹ĞᱽᱢŅċᨩݡᱢᮝಽ۵
ǎ᮹ɩᙹ⊹ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎĞᇥᰢ⋥ᅕॵᦥಆᱱಚᮝಽᯙ⦽ǎᱽᱢእӽᩍುԪᱶ
ᯕᵲǎᗭಉ᮹ḡᬱᵲ᮹ᨕಅᬡŝݡԕᱢᮝಽ۵Ŗᔑᵝ᮹ᱶ₦᮹ᝅ➉Ḳℕ⪵
ᨱෙᨦᔾᔑ᮹እᮉaŝ⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽ᨦᔾᔑపĊqŝపӽᮝಽĞᱽ
ᱢᨕಅᬡᯕḡᗮᨩŁᱶ⊹ᱢŁพ Ⅹ௹⦹ᩡ ᯕ⦽ᱶ⊹Ğᱽᱢʑෝ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ ⩢ŝႊ ʼnಽ⦹۵
microᯕນᯕparaᱶ₦ ᝅ⦹ᩍĞᱽ⫭ᅖ᮹ᱥʑෝษಉ⦹ᩡ ᯕ Ⅹᬵ⦽ᱥႊƱי
ᖁʑ ⦹ᨱᝅᬊᵝ᮹ෝɝeᮝಽݡᱶ₦᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹ᩡ ⋥ᅕॵᦥᵝ
ᄁԉǑᙹၰ⋥ᅕॵᦥᔍಽᦦ⪵ᨩݡᵲšĥෝᖁ⧕ ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎƱ
ᱶᔢ⪵ෝᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᬵ$6($1ᰆš⫭᮹᪖ᱡქₙᕾ ᯲ᮝಽ
ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
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ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
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451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
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⧩ᰆᔍಽ⇽ၽࢱෝ⪙⊹ၝ᮹⦝ᨱŖɪ⦹۵ᙽ⦽ᬱࢱ əӹݡ⦝ᱥᱱ
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Ⅹʑᨱ۵ݚᰆ᮹ᯕᯖᝅ⩥ᅕ ᔾᱢᯕŁˉҸ⦽➉ᜅऽᱱᯕ۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡ
Ǎ⇶ᨱᵝಆ⧩ )amp۵ᇡᄁԉᨱඹqᯕDZ⦹໕ᕽʑෝ฿ᦹᮝӹᰍ
ዉญ βەෝݎᨱᕽᔾᖁᮝಽၵЙ۵ ᮖᖒ ၽ⧕ᨱ۵ᱥݡእๅෝʑಾ⦹໕ᕽəe᮹ᱢݡ⇽ Ǎaಽᱥ⪹ᨩ ᩍᱥඹqᯕʑ
ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
ᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡaᯕᨕᲭ۵ߑ aeᮡᄁԉᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆᬕᨱ
əⅅᮝӹ ɪᗮಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕ
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۵ᄁԉݡ᮹ᖒŖᱢቭऽಽaŁᮝ໑ ჶᯙᖙԊᇡᙽෝʑ
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ᮝಽᄁԉᗭእ ⪚ᔢᮝಽቭऽᖁݡ ᔍđŝᨱ໕➉ᜅऽᨦℕ
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v⪵⧩ ᨕฑᯕᬊᰆӽqᱶᔾᯝ⇽⦹ᬊᄥەၽ ᄥษĥ
⫮ ⧕ᨕฑᯕ ௹᮹Ł~ᮝಽҭᨕᯕŁๅᰆԕᨱᨕฑᯕסᯕ ᖒ⦹ᩍ
Ł~ᯕᨕಙ ভ)ampቭऽෝə᮹aᗮᨱᝍᨕᵭᮝಽ ᩑᜅiacuteᨕෙᯕᨕ
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ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
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ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
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)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
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ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
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Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
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ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
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ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
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⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
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⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
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⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲㘞⩮ᒃ ⵂ
㘆㖮ᡆⳒ⩪ඪ2ඪጾ
6ᤆḪ
ZdonhudqgHwho+4lt6Kdfnhww+4lt9Zdonhu)
Furvv+4ltltZhofk+4ltlt4ltlt3 Dehoo+4ltlt4
ⵃKdfnhww+4lt9 Kriipdq dqg Suheoh+4ltlt6 Zhofk+4ltlt3
Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ჹ⩇Ꭺ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7 Krsnlqv+4ltlt9
㛿Ꭺ Kdfnhww+4lt9Wudqnkhlp+4ltltNhgldhwdo1+4ltlt7Zhofk+4ltlt3
ทᅞ㒖㛾 KriipdqdqgSuheoh+4ltlt6Zhofk+4ltlt3Hurjox+4ltlt5
ສᤆᴶ♯⟦ᤆᣎ⩪ඊ⎠⟪᪇ Wudqnkhlp+4ltltKrsnlqv+4ltlt9
Ḫ㜂൧㛢 Hurjox+4ltlt5Kriipdq)Suheoh+4ltlt6
♯ຆ᭒ Hurjox+4ltlt5 D|glq)Ndfnhu+4ltlt3
᪇ Zdonhu)Furvv+4ltlt
൧㚂 ൧ ท൧㚂 㚂⋂
♯ ൧ ⟊ඪඪ+Ⅻඟ㜶
∶⤚㘓⟪㘳ᖛᲹท♯㙏
Hurjox+4ltlt5
⦻ಪỮ⟒ QlDorq)Gdqw +533lt
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ
⇽ RKHUW ၰᱡ ᅕ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍ
ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵ ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
ᨱᕽၽ⦽ࢱ᮹ᖙӹഭaəe᮹ᩑǍԕᬊ ᇥᕾᱽ⦹۵⦽ᦿᮝಽ᮹ႊ
⨆ ᱽ⦹Ł ʡᵝ ᝁᰍᮡʑ᮹ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᯕ
⇽ᇡᇥ⧕ḥݡ ⦽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡᇥᕾᙹᵡᯕŁḡᱢ⦽ ᔍಡ
ʑᨦᯕᱽ⦹Ł۵ᱥఖႊᦩᩑǍݡᦩᯕӹđŝಽԕᮡᩑǍಽ~šᖒᯕđᩍ
Łᱶᨦŝᱶḡᩎḥ⇽ಽ⦽ᱶ໑⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⥥₉ᯕ ⩥ḡĥၰ
ᬕᔢ᮹Otilde⪵ᱢĞᱽᱢ⪹Ğᱢ₉ᯕa⧕ḥ⇽⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᖒŝᨱ⊹۵
⨆ᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥⦹Łv⧩ ᯥɁᬱᮡ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽᮹ᯙ Ḣᯙbᨱᕽᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ⥥
₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ƚᩎᔍᱱ᮹ḡญᱢᇥa⧕ḥ⇽ᨱɮᱶᱢ⨆ ⊽Łၾ
Ł⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ᨱᦿᕽᬱŝᩎపᯕ∊ᇥ⦽ḡᩍᇡෝaacute⧕⦹Łǎԕᩍ ḡᩎᨱUgraveℱᱱෝᬕ⦹۵aumlᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦹Łᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ Ḣᯙ
ᨱ ǎԕᰆ᮹⪵⧕ᰆ᮹⪵ᱢNtildeญᱢ₉ᯕ⧕ᰆᨱᕽ᮹ᖒᰆʑ⫭⪽ᬊ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
㚮㚮ᶟ
+5339⦻ท
⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯ඪ㘆⅖ᣪḮ
0⦻ท⩮㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯⦻ඟ♯48⅖♯8⅖ᨦᎪⅫ
⟦ᤆ㘆⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0⦪Ữ൮ⶲ⩮⦻ท♯൮ᤆᅂኮ⅖ᣪḮ
0ඟ⦻ท⩮⟮㘞 4Ꭺ㘆 Ⅻ㘆 ᶞ⋂⩻ඦḮ 5
ᬯ㛿㘆᭓㔆⩪ 6㚮⩪ᆲ㘓⟮㉟㘆❺Ḫ
㚮⩪⤚᪇ถ 7㚮⩪ⳮඪᲹ㚮⩪㛾ᩲᖛ⟮
㜂Ჿᬯ㚮+533
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅖♯ท㛾ᒃඪ㘆ㅺⅳᎎ⦻⅖ᣪถ
0EET᭒ᎇສᤆሪḪทᅞඟ㘞⩮㚮㜓Ჹ൮㜷ඪ㘆⅖
ᣪ⤚⅖
0 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ 㘞⩮⟮ 㘞ጾ 4 ♯ ⟊ ⤚⩫㛾 ፲⩂ඦ 5
㉟㘓ᓆᩲᱎ፲part፲⩂ᠦጾᓺಪ⩪ᡟ∷⟮⟦
ᤆ6ᶢทᣏ㘆ᬯถᓂ㘒⟮
⤚Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
ಪᲢท⟶⟮ಪ㘆ท᪅⟦ᤆ=ᤙᐚඟඦᎣᬞඦ
0ᑮᅊᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆᤙᐚ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟḮ
0ᑮᆺᖆ㘮ᴮച᪅ᩲᡟຢඊಪⵞ൚ᖛ㘆ท㘆
ทᯢ㛾Ḫ㘓ᓂ⩪⟶⟮⦦
0 ᤙᐚጾ ಪ Ტท ⟶ 㘮ᴮചᨦ 㘆ท ᪅+Ḳඊᴮച ᖛ⟦
ᤆㅮↇᲹᑮᆺᖆⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᩲᡟถ⅖ᨦ
㉟㘞ทᅞ♯൮Ꭺ⟊⟒⟊
0ⶲ㘞⩮⦻ท⩮⟪⤞ສᤆᴶẶᡆᖆ൧㝒⟒Ꭺ
⟻ᲹⳒᵮ㛾Ტ㠋ຢඊ㚮⩪㛾Ḫ⤛⟦ᤆ൧㚂
ර㛢⟊⤚㟂+533
㉊⤯ Ặᡆᖆᆲ EETຢᦣ ทᅞ Ჹ ສᤆᴶ ᩲ
ᡟ
0EETຢᦣඟඦ൮⩮ᡟ
0ඟ⟦ᤆ 4 FHRඦ⅖♯Ữ 5 Ⳓᵮ㛾ᓆ ❺
ᨂ 6⟋ᲹU)G+ㅒᎪ㘃 7㘆ท㖮ᡆⳒ
⨲ᲹⳒᵮ㛾ᓆ⟊㉟㖮ᠦถᖛ⟮
㛢⅖Ⅻ
+533⦻ท
㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯Ꭺ⦻ท⩮ඟඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ทⅫ㘞∶ 㘆ท Ჾശ Ꭺ PDUFRSROR ඊೇ733ᬯ⟮ Ꭺ
Ⅻ⟦ᤆ㛷ᶞỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮ⇎ᯢ⤚⅖
0㘆ทᲾശಪᎪPDUFRSRORᶞᎎỮ㔲⩲ẶᡆᖆᲢ
⩪ඊೇ⤛ᑮถᑮᨦᶞ⟦ᅂ㛷ᶞጾㄚⳒಪ⟦ᱪ
ᤆ㛷ᶞ㜆㛾㗮
⪹Ğᯙŝ⧉ ᇥᕾ⧕⦹໑⧕ᰆḥႊ ⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⦽Ḣᱱᬕ ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶaᱱ⩥ḡᬕ ᮹đᱶᯙᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ⦥ᖒ ᱽ⦹ᩡ əᯕᨱӹ᪉ǎԕ᮹⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽šಉᩑǍ۵እಾᩍᱥᵲǎᰆᨱḲᵲ
Łḡอᅕ ~šᱢb ḡ⦹ಅ۵ᱢᯕӹӹŁ
ǎԕ᮹ ⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽šಉ ᩑǍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ถ ถ⩪ ถ⦦Ჹ൚ᤊ
⋂+533lt ⦻ท
⦻ท㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯㜂൧ඦ㘆ท♯⩮ᡟ
0 NIF +⦦ሪḪᲾശᲢ㗦ᖛ⦻ท⩮ทᅞ♯ඟ
⅖ᣪḮ0ඟ⩮ᡟ⟦ᤆ 4 ⩫ 㝮ಪ ᡟ 5 㘆ಪ 6
ⵊ㘆⅖⤚⅖ඦ㘃⩪ 7㔲ᲹỮ㚮⩪㛾ᲹⳒᵮ
㛾ᡟ 8 ❺ඪຆᴾ㛾㚮⩪㛾ᡟ 9 ♯⅖㜶
㘆㘳 ⅲᤆඦ⋂᭒ᐢ⩪∷พᖛ⟮ൖ
∺Ⅻᴾ+5343 ⦻ท
Ꭺ♯㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⦻ท⩮ඪ㘆ถ
0⦻ท⩮Ꭺ㖮ᡆⳒ⨲♯6⅖Ꭺ㘆⅖ᣪ
0ඟ㉟ඟ⟦ᤆ4㔆⦪㛾ຆᴾ㛾 5 ᣏ㘆⟋㝲ᣒⵞ൮Ữ 6 ᶢท ඟ ൧㚂 ኮ ᖛ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅖඊ ⩮ጾ
⩫㝮ಪಪ⦦ᑮಪ∶⟊൧⟮Ḯ㘂ጾ⩫
ᖛⅫ㘆ഭ⟦ᤆ㚪⩺
ᅂᎪⳖ+5343
Ტท
㘆㔢ᖆ㚿㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᢲ㉊ᠻᲢท⩮2⟮㘆ᖾ᭒㚿
ⶲถ0Ტทᅞ⟶4ඝ⦻ᒃ⟶7ඝẶᡆᖆ⅖ᣪ⤚⅖
0ಫ Ặᡆᖆᖎ⟪ Ặᡆᖆ ᐞᨦ ᢖ ᴿ⟦ᤆ㔆㚮㘂ඊ ⟦ᅂ 㘞Ꭳ
ጞ 㘞 Ꭺᓂጾ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟪ ᎎ∶ ᓂඊ 㘆1
⨳ Ღ⤛0㉟ 㔆㚮⟮ ㉟㘞 ඊೇശ 㛢⟮ ⦦ ᶞᎎጾ㚮⩪㛾ᨦ㉟㘆㑢㘂ඊ㘆ᖾ⟦ᤆᎎಪಪඊጾഭ⟦ᤆᅂㅪᅒ
⇽ ᱡᱶญ
Ⳕᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᇥᕾ
ᄁԉĞ ᱽ⩥⫊ၰᱥ
ᄁԉᮡ ᯝᯕݡԕᱢᮝಽᱶ⊹ĞᱽᱢŅċᨩݡᱢᮝಽ۵
ǎ᮹ɩᙹ⊹ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎĞᇥᰢ⋥ᅕॵᦥಆᱱಚᮝಽᯙ⦽ǎᱽᱢእӽᩍುԪᱶ
ᯕᵲǎᗭಉ᮹ḡᬱᵲ᮹ᨕಅᬡŝݡԕᱢᮝಽ۵Ŗᔑᵝ᮹ᱶ₦᮹ᝅ➉Ḳℕ⪵
ᨱෙᨦᔾᔑ᮹እᮉaŝ⪮ᙹಽᯙ⦽ᨦᔾᔑపĊqŝపӽᮝಽĞᱽ
ᱢᨕಅᬡᯕḡᗮᨩŁᱶ⊹ᱢŁพ Ⅹ௹⦹ᩡ ᯕ⦽ᱶ⊹Ğᱽᱢʑෝ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ ⩢ŝႊ ʼnಽ⦹۵
microᯕນᯕparaᱶ₦ ᝅ⦹ᩍĞᱽ⫭ᅖ᮹ᱥʑෝษಉ⦹ᩡ ᯕ Ⅹᬵ⦽ᱥႊƱי
ᖁʑ ⦹ᨱᝅᬊᵝ᮹ෝɝeᮝಽݡᱶ₦᮹ᄡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹ᩡ ⋥ᅕॵᦥᵝ
ᄁԉǑᙹၰ⋥ᅕॵᦥᔍಽᦦ⪵ᨩݡᵲšĥෝᖁ⧕ ᵲǎŝ᮹ǎƱ
ᱶᔢ⪵ෝᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᬵ$6($1ᰆš⫭᮹᪖ᱡქₙᕾ ᯲ᮝಽ
ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
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ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
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0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
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ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
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aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
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ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
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ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
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ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
41 Fodulqv 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
41 FohyhuohduqLqf1 Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Folqltxh Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
531 FrfdVxnl ㆆ ท Irrg
541 Froolhuv LqwhuqdwlrqdoVlqjdsruhSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Uhdohvwdwhvhuylfhv
551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
571 GdohFduqhjlh)DvvrfldwhvLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
591 G|vohldLqvwlwxwhriXVD Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
51Hqjodqg Rswlfdo Jurxs Pdqdjhphqw+FhqwudoVgq1Ekg1 ᢲ⩪ Frqvxphujrrgv
51 HvfdgdDnwlhqjhvhoovkdiw ᑯ Uhwdlo2Idvklrq
5lt1 Hvw13hOdxghu Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
631 Hrq+Hvvr Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
651 JdolhqSkdupd 㖮 ᠻ Skdupdf|
661 JhqhudoQxwulwlrq LqwhuqdwlrqdoLqf1 Ტ ท Irrg
671 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
681 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv LqwhuqdwlrqdoSw|1 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
691 JUYlhwqdpLqwhuqdwlrqdo E Y L Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
61 Jxhuodlq 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
61 J|peruhhSod|Surjudpv Lqf1 Ტ ท J|peruhhhqwhuwdlqphqw)pxvlffhqwhu irufkloguhqhgxfdwlrq)hhuflvhsurjudpv
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731 Loo|Fdi13 ㅲ Ehyhudjh
741 Loo|Fdi13V1S1D ㅲ Ehyhudjh
751 MhwvwduDluzd|vSw|1Olplwhg 㛢 ⦦ Orz0frvwdyldwlrqvhuylfhv
761 Mroolehh 㗮 㗪 Irrg
771 NduurWhfkqrorjlhvOlplwhg ᑮ Vhuylfhv
781 NIF Ტ ท Irrg
791 NlqghuodqgHgxfduhVhuylfhvSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
71 OdVhqd LqwhuqdwlrqdoFrusrudwlrq ᅂ ᎎ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
71 OdwurehXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
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ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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831 OMKrrnhu+UhdoHvwdwh 㛢 ⦦ Uhdohvwdwh
841 OrwwhuldFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
851 Phglfduh ท Skdupdf|
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871 PlqlOde0Ixml ᶢ Skrwrvkrsv
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891 Prelo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
81 Prolqdul ㅲ Ehyhudjh
81 PrrqvrrqDffhvvrulhOlplwhg ท Uhwdlo
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941 RVLP ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Khdowkfduhhtxlsphqw
951 SdooPdoo ท Wredffr
961 Sdunvrq ᢲ⩪ Uhwdlo
971 SlhuuhFduglq 㖮 ᠻ Idvklrq
981 SldKxw Ტ ท Irrg
991 Txdolwhd ᠻ Ehyhudjh
91 UPLWXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
91 VdqgohuV|vwhpv Lqf1 Ტ ท Vhuylfhv
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31 Vkhoo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
41 Vklvhlgr ᶢ Frvphwlfv
51 VkrhErIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Frqvxphujrrgv
61 Vluyd+DlvdSwh1Olplwhg ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Vhuylfhv
71 VslqhoolSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Irrg
81 Vzdwfk Frqvxphujrrgv+Zulvwzdwfkhv
91 WdslrFxs Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
1 WhdvFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
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51 Ylfhur| ท Wredffr
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71 ZdowGlvqh| Ტ ท Hqwhuwdlqphqw
81 ZlqqHqwhusulvhvOOF+XVD Ტ ท Uhdohvwdwheurnhudjh
91 ZruogriVsruwv ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Vsruwvjrrgv
1 ZVLHphujlqjPdunhwvOwg1 ᅂ ᎎ Vhuylfhv
1 xp$Uhvwdxudqw LqwhuqdwlrqdoSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Irrg)ehyhudjh
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⇽ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ⵞᬯ2Ặᡆᖆᬯ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 572Vhyhq Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 DorWhd Ehyhudjh
61 DTVlon Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
ᄁԉĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ʑᵡⅾᄁԉᨦℕa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⨩aෝ≉ा⧩ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
ᯥɁ ᬱ ʡᱶ ⧕ḥ⇽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ḣᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
⩥ᯙȽ ᄁԉᰆᇥᕾŝḥ⇽ᱥఖ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ḡ
275$ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ᰆᔾᱥఖᕽᬙᖙŲ⪵ᔍ
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ᬵᯝ$6($1ᱶ⫭ᬱᨱa⦹ᩡ ᬵǎɩᙹ⊹⧕ᱽᨱᯕᨕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ถ Ḯ 5343ᇮ+ 5344ᇮ+᪇
൧ᨊ ( 91 18
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
ɩeḥ⇽⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ⧕ḥ ᄁԉᯕɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ᮹b⇶ᰆᯕaumlᯕ ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027 0LQLVWU RI QGXVWU DQG 7UDGHᨱ᮹⦹໕ ʑ χᄁԉ
ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
ๅᰆ ᬕ ᵲᯕ ᯕญᦥ᮹0ROLQDUL FDIIHa⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩŁzᮡ⧕ǎĥ7KH ampRIIHH HDQ 7HD HDIᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ⩥ᰍๅᰆ
ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
41 Fodulqv 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
41 FohyhuohduqLqf1 Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Folqltxh Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
531 FrfdVxnl ㆆ ท Irrg
541 Froolhuv LqwhuqdwlrqdoVlqjdsruhSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Uhdohvwdwhvhuylfhv
551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
571 GdohFduqhjlh)DvvrfldwhvLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
591 G|vohldLqvwlwxwhriXVD Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
51Hqjodqg Rswlfdo Jurxs Pdqdjhphqw+FhqwudoVgq1Ekg1 ᢲ⩪ Frqvxphujrrgv
51 HvfdgdDnwlhqjhvhoovkdiw ᑯ Uhwdlo2Idvklrq
5lt1 Hvw13hOdxghu Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
631 Hrq+Hvvr Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
651 JdolhqSkdupd 㖮 ᠻ Skdupdf|
661 JhqhudoQxwulwlrq LqwhuqdwlrqdoLqf1 Ტ ท Irrg
671 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
681 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv LqwhuqdwlrqdoSw|1 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
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ಽᔍᬊ⦹Łݡ ๅᰆᨦᬱᮡᄁԉᯙಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
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⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 4833 lt733
⋂- Ტ㛾 Ḳ 9333 733
JGS Ტ㛾 Ḳ 435533 4453344633
㖶ᢲpart (
Ꭺᢖ㜂⟒ Ტ㛾4ḲᎣ 4ltlt33ᒃ 5333ᒃ
4ᎣJGS Ტ㛾Ḳ 4533 45lt34633
ltəฝ gtᯕນᯕᱶ₦ ᯕ ᄁԉĞᱽᖒᰆශ
ᬵᯝ ᄁԉᯝᯕᮝಽ ฑݡಚᯕᄁԉ ႊ⧉ᮝಽ
ǎŝᄁԉǎšĥaᱶᔢ⪵ᨩ ᬵᯝᇡᄁԉᮡ72᮹ჩṙ⫭
ᬱǎᯕᮝಽ ⩢ႊᯕᬒaᗮ⪵໕ᕽɪᗮ⦽Ğᱽၽᱥ ᯕᨕ eᩑɁᯕᔢ᮹ᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශ ᝅ⩥⦹ᩡ ᖙĥᱢɩᮖʑᗮ
ᨱᕽ ᖁᱥ⦹ᩍ eɁᯕᔢ᮹ᖒᰆᖙෝʑಾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ᄁԉ
Ğᱽ۵ᨱ ԕ᮹ᦩᱶᱢᯙĞᱽၽᱥ ᯕൊ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ əӹ72᮹aᮡᄁԉĞᱽᨱᰆႊĞᰢⅪḥᔍᨦၰ⪹Ğᖁၰǎᯙ ݡ
ʑᩍෝ⦽ᱱ ḡอᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ԕᰍᱢ≉ᱱ ᮝ໑ⅾℕᱢᯕŁ⇽י
đᩑ⦽⩢᮹⦥ᖒ ۵ḡᱢݡ ӹ᪉ 7KDQK XRQJ ᬑᖁ72aᯕĞᱽᖒᰆශᯕᯕᱥᨱእ⧕iacuteᖁaumlᯕᨧᮝ໑ᇡ∊Ċᨱᬒ≉⧕Ჭ
ŁᩎᙹḡᱢaḡᗮŁŁaᔢ ᩍ ᱽᱱᯕᩍᱥӹӹŁ۵
aumlᯕ ᙹᨱ⊹۵⦹۵ԏᮡᙹᵡ᮹ᯙᱢᬱƱᮂಉᜅ᮹ⅾℕᱢᇡᝅᩕᦦ⦽ᬕᘂඹᜅᨱթḡᇡ ≉⦽ᔍ⫭eᱲᅙᯕǎԕ ෝݡ⪶⊹
aಽสŁ۵ḡᱢᯕ
⇽ ᄁԉĥℎ
እݡ ᵝ Ğᱽḡᱥ
⇽ ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 Ტ ท 433lt3 449lt 44689 436lt
5 ᶢ 933 86 95lt5 87
6 ⦻ ท 668 7869 7lt3lt 773
7 569 84 579 589
8 㘆 ท 4586 47 5397 5359
9 㛢 ⦦ 688 7558 55 4lt77
⎛ ಪ 㒖 5535 5993 539 494
ᑯ 488 536 48 4949
lt 㗮 㗪 lt98 458 4795 4843
43 ᢲ 46lt3 4lt88 495 4668
ㅪ 489 5536 5393 4564
㘓 ൮ 7894 9598 83lt9 84859
⋆ᴲ ทಪᬯ 533 533 533lt 534314lt❾
4 ⦻ ท 45835 48985 49774 47498
5 㘆 ท 8667 399 9lt9 995
6 ᶢ 94 574 79 96lt8
7 Ꭺ 9lt4 696 9586 8386
8 ㆆ ท 66 7lt39 7847 6lt79
9 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 93lt lt6lt6 757 648
Ტ ท 433 5968 633lt 5963
ᢲ 55lt3 58lt9 583 5677
lt ᑮᇎ 4687 45lt 4879 4569
43 ᑮ 468 53lt7 4968 4556
ㅪ 4637 436lt 48684 46349
㘓 ൮ 9595 347 9ltlt7lt 8ltlt5
⦽ǎᄁԉĞ ᱽƱඹ⩥⫊
⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᵝᙹ⇽ ᔢǎaᵲ⦹ӹಽǎeƱᩎపᮡๅݡ a⇵ᖙෝᅕ
ᯕŁ ᨕᄁԉĥʑ χ⦽ǎᮡᄁԉ᮹ᙹ⇽ݡᔢǎ ᙹݡᔢ
ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⇽⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
ᄁԉ᮹ǎᄥ ᙹ⩥⫊႒อݍ
⇽ᄁԉĥℎ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
4 㘆 ท 5949 565474lt8649 ltlt537
5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
8 ⎛ ಪ 㒖 84 4589975lt 89lt3586lt
9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
ɩeḥ⇽⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ⧕ḥ ᄁԉᯕɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ᮹b⇶ᰆᯕaumlᯕ ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027 0LQLVWU RI QGXVWU DQG 7UDGHᨱ᮹⦹໕ ʑ χᄁԉ
ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
ๅᰆ ᬕ ᵲᯕ ᯕญᦥ᮹0ROLQDUL FDIIHa⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩŁzᮡ⧕ǎĥ7KH ampRIIHH HDQ 7HD HDIᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ⩥ᰍๅᰆ
ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
41 Fodulqv 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
41 FohyhuohduqLqf1 Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Folqltxh Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
531 FrfdVxnl ㆆ ท Irrg
541 Froolhuv LqwhuqdwlrqdoVlqjdsruhSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Uhdohvwdwhvhuylfhv
551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
571 GdohFduqhjlh)DvvrfldwhvLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
591 G|vohldLqvwlwxwhriXVD Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
51Hqjodqg Rswlfdo Jurxs Pdqdjhphqw+FhqwudoVgq1Ekg1 ᢲ⩪ Frqvxphujrrgv
51 HvfdgdDnwlhqjhvhoovkdiw ᑯ Uhwdlo2Idvklrq
5lt1 Hvw13hOdxghu Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
631 Hrq+Hvvr Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
651 JdolhqSkdupd 㖮 ᠻ Skdupdf|
661 JhqhudoQxwulwlrq LqwhuqdwlrqdoLqf1 Ტ ท Irrg
671 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
681 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv LqwhuqdwlrqdoSw|1 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
691 JUYlhwqdpLqwhuqdwlrqdo E Y L Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
61 Jxhuodlq 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
61 J|peruhhSod|Surjudpv Lqf1 Ტ ท J|peruhhhqwhuwdlqphqw)pxvlffhqwhu irufkloguhqhgxfdwlrq)hhuflvhsurjudpv
6lt1 KdugUrfnOlplwhg Ტ ท Irrg
731 Loo|Fdi13 ㅲ Ehyhudjh
741 Loo|Fdi13V1S1D ㅲ Ehyhudjh
751 MhwvwduDluzd|vSw|1Olplwhg 㛢 ⦦ Orz0frvwdyldwlrqvhuylfhv
761 Mroolehh 㗮 㗪 Irrg
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⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
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ᴮ⩮ᡆᖆ+ 79 4677697lt77 7743837
㛷 935 94874 589757
lt ᡆᖆ 7 4584 46ltlt594
43 ㆆ ท 568 848334 573944499
ⵞ 㘓 ൮ 44lt8lt 4lt45463lt95 949657lt8
⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
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ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
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0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
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ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
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aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
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ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
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ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
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ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
41 Fodulqv 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
41 FohyhuohduqLqf1 Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Folqltxh Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
531 FrfdVxnl ㆆ ท Irrg
541 Froolhuv LqwhuqdwlrqdoVlqjdsruhSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Uhdohvwdwhvhuylfhv
551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
571 GdohFduqhjlh)DvvrfldwhvLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
591 G|vohldLqvwlwxwhriXVD Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
51Hqjodqg Rswlfdo Jurxs Pdqdjhphqw+FhqwudoVgq1Ekg1 ᢲ⩪ Frqvxphujrrgv
51 HvfdgdDnwlhqjhvhoovkdiw ᑯ Uhwdlo2Idvklrq
5lt1 Hvw13hOdxghu Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
631 Hrq+Hvvr Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
651 JdolhqSkdupd 㖮 ᠻ Skdupdf|
661 JhqhudoQxwulwlrq LqwhuqdwlrqdoLqf1 Ტ ท Irrg
671 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
681 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv LqwhuqdwlrqdoSw|1 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
691 JUYlhwqdpLqwhuqdwlrqdo E Y L Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
61 Jxhuodlq 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
61 J|peruhhSod|Surjudpv Lqf1 Ტ ท J|peruhhhqwhuwdlqphqw)pxvlffhqwhu irufkloguhqhgxfdwlrq)hhuflvhsurjudpv
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731 Loo|Fdi13 ㅲ Ehyhudjh
741 Loo|Fdi13V1S1D ㅲ Ehyhudjh
751 MhwvwduDluzd|vSw|1Olplwhg 㛢 ⦦ Orz0frvwdyldwlrqvhuylfhv
761 Mroolehh 㗮 㗪 Irrg
771 NduurWhfkqrorjlhvOlplwhg ᑮ Vhuylfhv
781 NIF Ტ ท Irrg
791 NlqghuodqgHgxfduhVhuylfhvSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
71 OdVhqd LqwhuqdwlrqdoFrusrudwlrq ᅂ ᎎ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
71 OdwurehXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
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841 OrwwhuldFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
851 Phglfduh ท Skdupdf|
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871 PlqlOde0Ixml ᶢ Skrwrvkrsv
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891 Prelo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
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941 RVLP ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Khdowkfduhhtxlsphqw
951 SdooPdoo ท Wredffr
961 Sdunvrq ᢲ⩪ Uhwdlo
971 SlhuuhFduglq 㖮 ᠻ Idvklrq
981 SldKxw Ტ ท Irrg
991 Txdolwhd ᠻ Ehyhudjh
91 UPLWXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
91 VdqgohuV|vwhpv Lqf1 Ტ ท Vhuylfhv
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31 Vkhoo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
41 Vklvhlgr ᶢ Frvphwlfv
51 VkrhErIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Frqvxphujrrgv
61 Vluyd+DlvdSwh1Olplwhg ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Vhuylfhv
71 VslqhoolSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Irrg
81 Vzdwfk Frqvxphujrrgv+Zulvwzdwfkhv
91 WdslrFxs Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
1 WhdvFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
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71 ZdowGlvqh| Ტ ท Hqwhuwdlqphqw
81 ZlqqHqwhusulvhvOOF+XVD Ტ ท Uhdohvwdwheurnhudjh
91 ZruogriVsruwv ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Vsruwvjrrgv
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⇽ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
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41 572Vhyhq Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 DorWhd Ehyhudjh
61 DTVlon Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
ᄁԉĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ʑᵡⅾᄁԉᨦℕa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⨩aෝ≉ा⧩ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ
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ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
ᯥɁ ᬱ ʡᱶ ⧕ḥ⇽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ḣᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
⩥ᯙȽ ᄁԉᰆᇥᕾŝḥ⇽ᱥఖ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ḡ
275$ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ᰆᔾᱥఖᕽᬙᖙŲ⪵ᔍ
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GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
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ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
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lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
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451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
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551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
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581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
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641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
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ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ⵞᬯ2Ặᡆᖆᬯ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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ᄁԉĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ʑᵡⅾᄁԉᨦℕa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⨩aෝ≉ा⧩ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ
⦝ 3KRᝡǎᙹ LQK RᄁᯕญᯕᖒŖ⦽ᄁԉ ⥥₉ᯕಽaၼ
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ᔢ⦹Ł ᄁԉ᮹ᜅღᜅಽᇩญᬑ۵7UXQJ1JXHQι᮲ᨵᮡ DQJᔾᯕᨩݡ᮹ݚ
H 1JXHQ 9Xݚ౩᮲ᨵᇡŝə᮹⊽Ǎᨱ᮹⧕ᨦᨩ Ⅹʑᨱ۵ḩᯕᳬᮡᬱ
⧩ᰆᔍಽ⇽ၽࢱෝ⪙⊹ၝ᮹⦝ᨱŖɪ⦹۵ᙽ⦽ᬱࢱ əӹݡ⦝ᱥᱱ
᮹ᙹᯖᖒŝၽᱥaᖒ e❭⦽ᯕᮡ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ ampRIIHHቭऽಽ⦝ᱥ
ᱱ ᩕᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦹יᯕḥ⇽ၰaᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍᄁԉᨦℕಽ۵Ⅹಽ⧕
ᨱ⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙǎ⋥ᅕॵᦥᨱḥ⇽⧩Ł ᨱ۵
ǎa᮹⦝ᰆ Ŗఖ⦽۵᮹ಽᯕ۵⥥ญᨥᯙᜅ⦝ቭऽෝ⇽
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₉ᯕ ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ᖙĥᱽ᮹⦝ᔾᔑǎᯙᄁԉᨱᕽᙹ⪶⦽ᝁᖁ⦽ᩍ᮹ᬱࢱ⦝ෝ᮹⨆ᮝಽaŖ⦹ᩍᗭእᯕb ≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteᖁ⧁ᙹiacute⦽
ᱱᯕ⧖ᝍᖒŖᯙᮝಽΞᝡǎᙹᱥᱱᮝಽaḡᰍഭෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł⦹eᖙĥŔŔᨱ⟝Კ۵ๅᰆᵲ
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ᦥᨱᮝಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦹ᩡŁ ᨱ۵⦽ǎ⪮ษ⋕᪅ᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ⩥ᰍᄁԉᱥǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆŝǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Łᮝ໑ ᨱە
ᨱๅᰆ ԝĥ⫮ᯕ อᇩ᮹ๅ⇽ ʑಾ⦹ᩡŁᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ๅᰆ
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ᄁԉ᮹ᱥ⩶ᱢᯙʙNtildeญᯙᝡǎᙹ۵e⧕ᅕᯕḡอᇢḡႊŝԉḡႊ᮹
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ᮝ໑እƱᱢᗭᅙᨦᝁȽๅᰆᖅᨱอᇩԕᯕa⦹Łᵡ⪵ᝁᖁ⦽
ᰍŖɪᮝಽᨕ۱Ŕᨱᕽӹ᮹ᯝᖒ ᯕaumlᯕᖒŖᯙᮝಽᇥᕾ
⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ⨩a≉ाᄁԉᨦℕ ญᜅ
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aɩḡŁᄁԉʑᨦŝ᮹⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⧕ᕽอḥ⇽ᯕa⧩ʑভᨱ
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ಅḡŁ ᯕ۵ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ)amp᮹⥥₉ᯕḡಽᕽ)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡḩš
ญᕽእᜅ ḡ⧁ᙹ۵ᱢĊᔍᨦ❭թෝʑaᨕಖŁ❱⧩ʑভᯕ
)amp۵ḥ⇽Ⅹʑᗱᝅqᙹ⦹ŁḡᗮᱢᮝಽŖĊᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ⧕᪅Ł ḥ⇽ᯕ௹ℌeᱢෝ໕⊹⦽aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ ⅩʑɩȽ۵
ŖᱢᮝಽŖၵᨧᮝӹᗭᇩಽ⇵ᱶ ⪙ᱱᯕ⊹⦽⪙⊹ၝᛩ⟝ᅝ
Otildeᮡ)amp 9LHWQDPᖅพᨱšᩍ⦽687aᔍaෙʑᨦŝ⧊᯲ᮝಽᖅพ⦽
OtildeಽᕽⅩʑᱢෝqᙹ⦹Łᵲᰆʑᱢšᱱᨱᕽ⪙ᱱ ḡᗮᱢᮝಽᬕ⦹ᩡ ḥ⇽
Ⅹʑᨱ۵ݚᰆ᮹ᯕᯖᝅ⩥ᅕ ᔾᱢᯕŁˉҸ⦽➉ᜅऽᱱᯕ۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡ
Ǎ⇶ᨱᵝಆ⧩ )amp۵ᇡᄁԉᨱඹqᯕDZ⦹໕ᕽʑෝ฿ᦹᮝӹᰍ
ዉญ βەෝݎᨱᕽᔾᖁᮝಽၵЙ۵ ᮖᖒ ၽ⧕ᨱ۵ᱥݡእๅෝʑಾ⦹໕ᕽəe᮹ᱢݡ⇽ Ǎaಽᱥ⪹ᨩ ᩍᱥඹqᯕʑ
ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
ᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡaᯕᨕᲭ۵ߑ aeᮡᄁԉᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆᬕᨱ
əⅅᮝӹ ɪᗮಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕ
ԍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
)amp۵ᄁԉ⊹➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ ᱱ⦹
۵ᄁԉݡ᮹ᖒŖᱢቭऽಽaŁᮝ໑ ჶᯙᖙԊᇡᙽෝʑ
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ᮝಽᄁԉᗭእ ⪚ᔢᮝಽቭऽᖁݡ ᔍđŝᨱ໕➉ᜅऽᨦℕ
ಽ۵ᯝ⦹iacute)ampaෝ₉ḡ⧩
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᖁၽᵝಽᰆᖁᱱ
ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ᮹ᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH ᬊ⦹ᩡ⪾⦽ݡ )amp۵ɡಽჭቭऽ
ᨱอ⦹ḡᦫŁၵᇡᰆ ၽ⦹۵ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹ᩡ )ampa
ᄁԉᨱᔢය⧩ ᙹᄁԉᗭእᔍᯕᨱᕽ)amp۵ᱥᖙĥᱢᮝಽݡᨱ۵ݚ
ಅḥɡಽჭቭऽaᦥܩᦥ βᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡŁᄁԉᗭእᮡ)ampaᱽŖ⦹
۵➉ᜅऽᨱ ᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᕽⅩʑᨱ۵)ampቭऽෝญ໑➉ᜅऽ
౩ᜅ௲᮹ᜅ ᱶ₊Ł⦽ษ⪽ ⧕Ł~ ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᵝಆ⧩ )ampቭऽᯕḡෝᯕʑ⧕e❱ๅᰆॵᯙๅᰆℎđᔢᨦᬱᕽእᜅ
ᱢᯙ໕ᮡುᰍݍญษᜅ₊ᬊ ᅕOtildeᔾᨱ ᖙᝍ⦽ᝁĞ ʑᬙᩍ)amp۵ℎđ⦹Łᦩ⦽ᝅԕᨱᕽᦩᱥ⦹Łᔾᱢᯙ ບ ᙹ۵ᯕḡෝ⪶
ᔑ ᄁԉᩑᯙᦥᯕə൚ʑᬊ⦽79ŲŁaᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญ
ᔍ⪵᮹ᇩ⧉ŝእᔾᱢᯙᱱ v⦹۵ᨱ)ampๅᰆԕᔍ᮹ญℎđ⧉
ᇡb۵79ŲŁෝ⧕)amp᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁ⊽ᙺ⦹iacute⦹ᩡ
⪶⦽Ł~⊖ᖅᱶ
Ł~⊖ ⪶ᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᯙǍ᮹ၹᯕᔢᯕᖙอᯕŁᦥ௹ ᨕฑᯕᱫᮡᯕᯕǎ⪵ෝᵝᱲ⦹Łᛞiacuteၼᦥᯕ۵ᱱ qᦩə ĉՆ⦽ษ⪽
v⪵⧩ ᨕฑᯕᬊᰆӽqᱶᔾᯝ⇽⦹ᬊᄥەၽ ᄥษĥ
⫮ ⧕ᨕฑᯕ ௹᮹Ł~ᮝಽҭᨕᯕŁๅᰆԕᨱᨕฑᯕסᯕ ᖒ⦹ᩍ
Ł~ᯕᨕಙ ভ)ampቭऽෝə᮹aᗮᨱᝍᨕᵭᮝಽ ᩑᜅiacuteᨕෙᯕᨕ
ᕽ )amp᮹Ł~ᯕ۵auml ⧩ ญᜅษᜅʑeᵲיᇢ⧙ऽ03ᖵ⊁
ᔍᮡ⧪ᔍෝ⧕ᱫᮡᯕ ҭᨕᩡ ᝅᱽಽ)amp᮹ᨕฑᯕ➉ḡ۵ๅ⇽᮹ᯕᔢ ₉ḡ⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⩥ḡ⪵
⩥ḡ⪵ᨱיಆ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆe❱ (178amp(lt )ULHG ampKLFNHQᨕݡᝁᨱ$ 5$1(178amp(lt ಽ (178amp(lt Łᔍอ ԉʑŁ )ULHG ampKLFNHQᮡ ᄁԉᨕಽ $ʑ1$5ݎ ಽၵЙᨕᯝၹᗭእᯕᦥᅕಾ⧩ อᯙ)amp۵ə
ಽᔍᬊ⦹Łݡ ๅᰆᨦᬱᮡᄁԉᯙಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
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ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
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ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⋆ ทಪ ഞ⋂ າ 㘳າ
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5 Ꭺ 5474 5593ltlt396 lt44lt637
6 ᶢ 4593 5388674337 8967lt46ltlt
7 ᢲ 699 4776lt9467 6lt5566lt3
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9 Ტ ท 883 49773lt563 66453639
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㛷 935 94874 589757
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⦽ǎᮡ ᨕᄁԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮝಽᇡᔢ⦹Ł ʭḡݡᄁ
ԉݡḥ⇽ǎᮡݡอᯕᨩᮝӹ ᨕ⦽ǎᯕOtildeᙹ⨩aɩᧂ٥ĥᨱ
ᕽݡอ ⇵ᬵ⦹Ł ᬵ ⩥ᰍ٥ĥʑᵡᮝಽⅾǎᯕᄁԉᨱ⧩
ǎᮡOtildeݡߑ۵ ᨖอݍෝ⦽⦽ǎᯕ໑ݡอᯝᅙaa
ᯕෝअŁ
ⴇᬵ ᄁԉݡ ǎᄥ ǎᯙ+=ᢖ
⇽ᄁԉĥ⫮ᇡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢℕĥ
ᄁԉᨱ۵ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽⪶⦽ᯕᰍ⦹ḡᦫᦹ əভʭ
ḡᯕᖁ ʑᚁᯕᱥŝzᮡ⦽ᔍᨦ⋎ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕ ⩶᮹ᔍ
ᨦᯕᄁԉᨱḥ⦹ᩡᮝ໑⩶۵ࢱᔍ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕŁ⦹ ᨕ⦽
ᔍᨦ⋎ᮝಽᨕ۵aᨱbʑෙჶᱢȽᱽෝၼᦹ əߑᄁԉᱶᇡa
ᬵᯝŖ⦽ᔢჶᮡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᩎᔍᨱᕽᱥʑෝษಉ⧩ ᯕᔢჶ
ᮡᱽᰆᱽᱩԕᨱᱽ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱᕽᱽᨱUgraveℱ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᱶ
᮹šಉᔍ⧎ ⅩಽȽᱶ⦹ᩡŁ ᗮ⊹ಽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱš⦽⧪ಚ ⪙
ᬵᯝᄁԉᩎᇡ⧪Ƚ⊺ ⪙ᬵᯝෝŖ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱ
ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ჶᱢɝNtildeaษಉᨩŁᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡa⥥₉ᯕ
ᔑᨦ šญ₦ᯥ โiacuteᨩ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⥥₉ᯕḶ᮹ᱶ᮹
⥥₉ᯕḶᱽ ᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡa᮹Otilde⦹ᨱ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡ
ᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪ ⦹ಾ⨩a⦹ŁǍ⦹۵ᔢᨦᱢ⧪ෝ᮹⦽ ᔢ᮹ๅๅ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅ᮹Ŗɪᮡ⥥₉ᯕᱡaᱶ⦽ႊჶᨱᯕᨕᲙ⦹໑
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᔢǭᔢ⪙ᨦיᬑ⦹ᬑᨦእၡಽŁၰŲŁšಉaumlᯕᨕ
⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᨦ⪽ŝšಉ⦹ᩍ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᱽ⦹Ntildeӹḡᬱ⧁ǭญෝᅕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕᱡᱽ ۵ŝzᮡǭญෝw۵
ಽᩕෝၼ ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅŝ⥥₉ᯕ օᬭᨱݡ⦽ŲŁෝ⧁ᙹ۵ǭญ
⥥₉ᯕ ᜅ᮹ᯝᖒŝᔢ⪚ᮡᕽእᜅḩ᮹ᯝšᖒ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ⧕⥥₉
ᯕḡ᮹ᨦ⪽ ᱶʑᱢእᱶʑᱢᮝಽq⧁ǭญ
ᯕჶᮡ⥥₉ᯕḶᨱݡ⧕⪶ᱶ᮹⦹Ł⥥₉ᯕᱡa⧊ჶᱢᮝಽಽෝၼ
ᙹ۵ǭญෝȽᱶ⧕ᮝಽ ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⪽ᖒ⪵᮹ʑၹ ᖒ⦹ᩡ
ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᨱݡ⦽ᱶ᮹۵ǎᱽ⥥₉ᯕ⩲⫭)$᮹əaumlŝๆ zᯕ⦽
⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᱩ₉
⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ಅ໕⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽
⨩aᕽෝा⦹ᩍ ᗭe⧕ݚᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧕⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
ᄁԉԕᨱჶᯙ ᖅพ⦹ḡᦫᦥ ⪙ӹᄁԉԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕḶ⦹ಅ໕ᄁԉ
ᮡǎᨱᕽe⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹Łᨕ⦽ ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᄁԉᔑ
ᨦᩎᇡᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵ᔑᨦᩎᇡ᮹ḡႊḡᇡᨱಾ ⧕⦽ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ
⥥₉ᯕḡeĥᮡၹऽᕽಽℕđᨕ⦹໑ĥᕽᨙᨕ۵ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽᄁԉᨕ
aᨕ⦹Łᨕಽჩᩎᙹ ⥥₉ᯕᱡ۵⥥₉ᯕḡᨱiacuteᗭᯝᯕᔢ᮹ĥ
ᕽaacuteʑe ᇡᩍ⧕⦽ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵ᯙᯕᦥܭჶᯙᯕᨕ⦹໑ĥԕᬊᨱ۵⥥₉ᯕᱡᔍᨦ ᱶ
ᅕၰᰍ ᱶᅕቭऽšಉḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ᙹᙹഭʑ⥥₉ᯕḡᇡݕእᬊ e
᮹₦ᯥᇥݕԕᩎᯕ⧉ᨕ⦽ ḡᱢᰍᔑǭšಉᄁԉḡᱢᰍᔑǭჶᯕš⧁ჶ
ಚᯕ໑۵ĥ᮹⦽ᇡᇥ⧁ᧁ⦹ᩍၹऽḡᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎ ʑᰍ⧕⦽ ḡ
ᱢᰍᔑǭᔍ⧎᮹ᄡĞᯕ Ğᬑᨱ۵ᯝᯕԕᨱšʑšᨱᯕෝḡ⧕⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
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6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
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8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
ɩeḥ⇽⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ⧕ḥ ᄁԉᯕɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ᮹b⇶ᰆᯕaumlᯕ ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027 0LQLVWU RI QGXVWU DQG 7UDGHᨱ᮹⦹໕ ʑ χᄁԉ
ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
ๅᰆ ᬕ ᵲᯕ ᯕญᦥ᮹0ROLQDUL FDIIHa⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩŁzᮡ⧕ǎĥ7KH ampRIIHH HDQ 7HD HDIᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ⩥ᰍๅᰆ
ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
41 Fodulqv 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
41 FohyhuohduqLqf1 Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Folqltxh Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
531 FrfdVxnl ㆆ ท Irrg
541 Froolhuv LqwhuqdwlrqdoVlqjdsruhSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Uhdohvwdwhvhuylfhv
551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
571 GdohFduqhjlh)DvvrfldwhvLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
591 G|vohldLqvwlwxwhriXVD Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
51Hqjodqg Rswlfdo Jurxs Pdqdjhphqw+FhqwudoVgq1Ekg1 ᢲ⩪ Frqvxphujrrgv
51 HvfdgdDnwlhqjhvhoovkdiw ᑯ Uhwdlo2Idvklrq
5lt1 Hvw13hOdxghu Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
631 Hrq+Hvvr Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
651 JdolhqSkdupd 㖮 ᠻ Skdupdf|
661 JhqhudoQxwulwlrq LqwhuqdwlrqdoLqf1 Ტ ท Irrg
671 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
681 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv LqwhuqdwlrqdoSw|1 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
691 JUYlhwqdpLqwhuqdwlrqdo E Y L Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
61 Jxhuodlq 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
61 J|peruhhSod|Surjudpv Lqf1 Ტ ท J|peruhhhqwhuwdlqphqw)pxvlffhqwhu irufkloguhqhgxfdwlrq)hhuflvhsurjudpv
6lt1 KdugUrfnOlplwhg Ტ ท Irrg
731 Loo|Fdi13 ㅲ Ehyhudjh
741 Loo|Fdi13V1S1D ㅲ Ehyhudjh
751 MhwvwduDluzd|vSw|1Olplwhg 㛢 ⦦ Orz0frvwdyldwlrqvhuylfhv
761 Mroolehh 㗮 㗪 Irrg
771 NduurWhfkqrorjlhvOlplwhg ᑮ Vhuylfhv
781 NIF Ტ ท Irrg
791 NlqghuodqgHgxfduhVhuylfhvSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
71 OdVhqd LqwhuqdwlrqdoFrusrudwlrq ᅂ ᎎ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
71 OdwurehXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
7lt1 Ohh䭴vVdqgzlfkhv Ტ ท Irrg
831 OMKrrnhu+UhdoHvwdwh 㛢 ⦦ Uhdohvwdwh
841 OrwwhuldFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
851 Phglfduh ท Skdupdf|
861 PhwurFdvk)Fduu| ᑯ Zkrohvdoh2uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
871 PlqlOde0Ixml ᶢ Skrwrvkrsv
881 PNUhvwdxudqwFr1Owg1 ㆆ ท Irrg2Uhvwdxudqwv|vwhp
891 Prelo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
81 Prolqdul ㅲ Ehyhudjh
81 PrrqvrrqDffhvvrulhOlplwhg ท Uhwdlo
8lt1 Pu1Sld 㘆 ท Irrg+Sld
931 QhzKrulrqvLWFhqwhu Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
941 RVLP ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Khdowkfduhhtxlsphqw
951 SdooPdoo ท Wredffr
961 Sdunvrq ᢲ⩪ Uhwdlo
971 SlhuuhFduglq 㖮 ᠻ Idvklrq
981 SldKxw Ტ ท Irrg
991 Txdolwhd ᠻ Ehyhudjh
91 UPLWXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
91 VdqgohuV|vwhpv Lqf1 Ტ ท Vhuylfhv
9lt1 VhujlrUrvvlV1S1D ㅲ Frqvxphujrrgv2Idvklrq
31 Vkhoo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
41 Vklvhlgr ᶢ Frvphwlfv
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71 VslqhoolSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Irrg
81 Vzdwfk Frqvxphujrrgv+Zulvwzdwfkhv
91 WdslrFxs Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
1 WhdvFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
1 WkhErg|VkrsLqwhuqdwlrqdoSof1 ท Frqvxphujrrgv
lt1 Jhqhvlv 㘆 ท Irrg
31 Wulxpsk ท Idvklrq
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51 Ylfhur| ท Wredffr
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71 ZdowGlvqh| Ტ ท Hqwhuwdlqphqw
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91 ZruogriVsruwv ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Vsruwvjrrgv
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⇽ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ⵞᬯ2Ặᡆᖆᬯ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 572Vhyhq Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 DorWhd Ehyhudjh
61 DTVlon Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
ᄁԉĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ʑᵡⅾᄁԉᨦℕa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⨩aෝ≉ा⧩ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ
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ᨱๅᰆ ԝĥ⫮ᯕ อᇩ᮹ๅ⇽ ʑಾ⦹ᩡŁᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ๅᰆ
aᗮ ໕ᨱᕽᯕᇡᇥʑಾᅕᯙᄁԉ)ampෝ⇵ᬵ⦹ᩡ อɪᗮಽ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł
ᄁԉ᮹ᱥ⩶ᱢᯙʙNtildeญᯙᝡǎᙹ۵e⧕ᅕᯕḡอᇢḡႊŝԉḡႊ᮹
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ᮝ໑እƱᱢᗭᅙᨦᝁȽๅᰆᖅᨱอᇩԕᯕa⦹Łᵡ⪵ᝁᖁ⦽
ᰍŖɪᮝಽᨕ۱Ŕᨱᕽӹ᮹ᯝᖒ ᯕaumlᯕᖒŖᯙᮝಽᇥᕾ
⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ⨩a≉ाᄁԉᨦℕ ญᜅ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ⵞᬯ2Ặᡆᖆᬯ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 Eree|EuhzhuvFriihh Ehyhudjh
81 FrrsPduw Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
91 IrflFr1 Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
1 JPduw Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Kdss|Krxvh UhdoHvwdwh
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431 Qlqrpd Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
441 Skr57 Irrg
451 Vkdnh Ehyhudjh
461 Vxqiorzhu Ehyhudjh
471 W)WVkrhv Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
481 WdslrFxs Ehyhudjh
491 WuxqjQjx|hq Ehyhudjh
41 Y057k Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
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ᦿᕽᔕᅙၵzᯕᄁԉᰆᨱǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕⅩḥ⦹ʑ᯲⦽
ʑa ၹᯕŁݡ ၹᨱᨕᕽǎ⥥₉ᯕݡ ʑᨦ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕ
ᅙĊ⪵ᨩʑভᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽᱶ₊⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡෝၽǕ⦹۵ߑᱽᯕᨩ ᕽᬑᖁᄁԉᨱᕽᔍᨦ ⦽ḡ ᯕᔢᯕʑᨦ ᵲᨱᕽᄁԉ᮹ݡᯙ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕࢱෝ⧉⦹ᩍᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Łᮝ໑ ᄁԉᗭእ
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aɩḡŁᄁԉʑᨦŝ᮹⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⧕ᕽอḥ⇽ᯕa⧩ʑভᨱ
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Ⅹಽ⦹יᯕᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⧩ ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⦹יᯕᨱ ᄁԉ
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ᝅᱽᄁԉᱥℕๅᰆᬕߑᱶᇡಽእ᮹⦥ᖒᯕᨩʑভᯙݡ ၰšญ۵⪙⊹ၝ
ḡᱱᨱᕽݚݕ⦹Ł
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ŖᱢᮝಽŖၵᨧᮝӹᗭᇩಽ⇵ᱶ ⪙ᱱᯕ⊹⦽⪙⊹ၝᛩ⟝ᅝ
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ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
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ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
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Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
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ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
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ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
ɩeḥ⇽⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ⧕ḥ ᄁԉᯕɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ᮹b⇶ᰆᯕaumlᯕ ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027 0LQLVWU RI QGXVWU DQG 7UDGHᨱ᮹⦹໕ ʑ χᄁԉ
ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
ๅᰆ ᬕ ᵲᯕ ᯕญᦥ᮹0ROLQDUL FDIIHa⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩŁzᮡ⧕ǎĥ7KH ampRIIHH HDQ 7HD HDIᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ⩥ᰍๅᰆ
ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 EdvnlqUreelqv Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
91 EljF 㖮 ᠻ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Erkloo Lqvwlwxwh 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
1 ExgjhwUhqwDFduV|vwhpLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
471 Fkduohv)Nhlwk ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Idvklrq+irrwzhdu
481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
41 Fodulqv 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
41 FohyhuohduqLqf1 Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Folqltxh Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
531 FrfdVxnl ㆆ ท Irrg
541 Froolhuv LqwhuqdwlrqdoVlqjdsruhSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Uhdohvwdwhvhuylfhv
551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
571 GdohFduqhjlh)DvvrfldwhvLqf1 Ტ ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
591 G|vohldLqvwlwxwhriXVD Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqjvhuylfhv
51Hqjodqg Rswlfdo Jurxs Pdqdjhphqw+FhqwudoVgq1Ekg1 ᢲ⩪ Frqvxphujrrgv
51 HvfdgdDnwlhqjhvhoovkdiw ᑯ Uhwdlo2Idvklrq
5lt1 Hvw13hOdxghu Ტ ท Frvphwlfv
631 Hrq+Hvvr Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
651 JdolhqSkdupd 㖮 ᠻ Skdupdf|
661 JhqhudoQxwulwlrq LqwhuqdwlrqdoLqf1 Ტ ท Irrg
671 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
681 JoruldMhdq䭴vFriihhv LqwhuqdwlrqdoSw|1 㛢 ⦦ Ehyhudjh
691 JUYlhwqdpLqwhuqdwlrqdo E Y L Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
61 Jxhuodlq 㖮 ᠻ Frvphwlfv
61 J|peruhhSod|Surjudpv Lqf1 Ტ ท J|peruhhhqwhuwdlqphqw)pxvlffhqwhu irufkloguhqhgxfdwlrq)hhuflvhsurjudpv
6lt1 KdugUrfnOlplwhg Ტ ท Irrg
731 Loo|Fdi13 ㅲ Ehyhudjh
741 Loo|Fdi13V1S1D ㅲ Ehyhudjh
751 MhwvwduDluzd|vSw|1Olplwhg 㛢 ⦦ Orz0frvwdyldwlrqvhuylfhv
761 Mroolehh 㗮 㗪 Irrg
771 NduurWhfkqrorjlhvOlplwhg ᑮ Vhuylfhv
781 NIF Ტ ท Irrg
791 NlqghuodqgHgxfduhVhuylfhvSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
71 OdVhqd LqwhuqdwlrqdoFrusrudwlrq ᅂ ᎎ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
71 OdwurehXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
7lt1 Ohh䭴vVdqgzlfkhv Ტ ท Irrg
831 OMKrrnhu+UhdoHvwdwh 㛢 ⦦ Uhdohvwdwh
841 OrwwhuldFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
851 Phglfduh ท Skdupdf|
861 PhwurFdvk)Fduu| ᑯ Zkrohvdoh2uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
871 PlqlOde0Ixml ᶢ Skrwrvkrsv
881 PNUhvwdxudqwFr1Owg1 ㆆ ท Irrg2Uhvwdxudqwv|vwhp
891 Prelo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
81 Prolqdul ㅲ Ehyhudjh
81 PrrqvrrqDffhvvrulhOlplwhg ท Uhwdlo
8lt1 Pu1Sld 㘆 ท Irrg+Sld
931 QhzKrulrqvLWFhqwhu Ტ ท Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
941 RVLP ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Khdowkfduhhtxlsphqw
951 SdooPdoo ท Wredffr
961 Sdunvrq ᢲ⩪ Uhwdlo
971 SlhuuhFduglq 㖮 ᠻ Idvklrq
981 SldKxw Ტ ท Irrg
991 Txdolwhd ᠻ Ehyhudjh
91 UPLWXqlyhuvlw| 㛢 ⦦ Hgxfdwlrqwudlqlqj
91 VdqgohuV|vwhpv Lqf1 Ტ ท Vhuylfhv
9lt1 VhujlrUrvvlV1S1D ㅲ Frqvxphujrrgv2Idvklrq
31 Vkhoo Ტ ท Jdvvwdwlrq
41 Vklvhlgr ᶢ Frvphwlfv
51 VkrhErIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Frqvxphujrrgv
61 Vluyd+DlvdSwh1Olplwhg ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Vhuylfhv
71 VslqhoolSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Irrg
81 Vzdwfk Frqvxphujrrgv+Zulvwzdwfkhv
91 WdslrFxs Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
1 WhdvFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
1 WkhErg|VkrsLqwhuqdwlrqdoSof1 ท Frqvxphujrrgv
lt1 Jhqhvlv 㘆 ท Irrg
31 Wulxpsk ท Idvklrq
41 Y1Z1I1J1 Lqf1 Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
51 Ylfhur| ท Wredffr
61 YrjhovlwhJpeK ᑯ Yrjhovlwheudqghgsurgxfwv
71 ZdowGlvqh| Ტ ท Hqwhuwdlqphqw
81 ZlqqHqwhusulvhvOOF+XVD Ტ ท Uhdohvwdwheurnhudjh
91 ZruogriVsruwv ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Vsruwvjrrgv
1 ZVLHphujlqjPdunhwvOwg1 ᅂ ᎎ Vhuylfhv
1 xp$Uhvwdxudqw LqwhuqdwlrqdoSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Irrg)ehyhudjh
lt1 xp$UhvwdxudqwvDvldSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Irrg
⇽ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ⵞᬯ2Ặᡆᖆᬯ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 572Vhyhq Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 DorWhd Ehyhudjh
61 DTVlon Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
ᄁԉĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ʑᵡⅾᄁԉᨦℕa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⨩aෝ≉ा⧩ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ
⦝ 3KRᝡǎᙹ LQK RᄁᯕญᯕᖒŖ⦽ᄁԉ ⥥₉ᯕಽaၼ
Łᮝ໑ 6KDNHᔍᙹᙹഭ 7UD 7UDQ ampKDX₉ )RFL᮹ඹ᮹ᝁᔾቭऽɪᇡ
ᔢ⦹Ł ᄁԉ᮹ᜅღᜅಽᇩญᬑ۵7UXQJ1JXHQι᮲ᨵᮡ DQJᔾᯕᨩݡ᮹ݚ
H 1JXHQ 9Xݚ౩᮲ᨵᇡŝə᮹⊽Ǎᨱ᮹⧕ᨦᨩ Ⅹʑᨱ۵ḩᯕᳬᮡᬱ
⧩ᰆᔍಽ⇽ၽࢱෝ⪙⊹ၝ᮹⦝ᨱŖɪ⦹۵ᙽ⦽ᬱࢱ əӹݡ⦝ᱥᱱ
᮹ᙹᯖᖒŝၽᱥaᖒ e❭⦽ᯕᮡ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ ampRIIHHቭऽಽ⦝ᱥ
ᱱ ᩕᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦹יᯕḥ⇽ၰaᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍᄁԉᨦℕಽ۵Ⅹಽ⧕
ᨱ⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙǎ⋥ᅕॵᦥᨱḥ⇽⧩Ł ᨱ۵
ǎa᮹⦝ᰆ Ŗఖ⦽۵᮹ಽᯕ۵⥥ญᨥᯙᜅ⦝ቭऽෝ⇽
⦹ᩡ ᮡ1HVFDIH᮹ትᯙऽᜅᨱᕽₙa ᮹ḡḡෝᨩŁ $6(0$3(ampᱶᔢ⫭᮹ᨱŖ⦝ಽᖁᱶᨩ ⩥ᰍᄁԉᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹Ḣၰ⥥
₉ᯕ ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ᖙĥᱽ᮹⦝ᔾᔑǎᯙᄁԉᨱᕽᙹ⪶⦽ᝁᖁ⦽ᩍ᮹ᬱࢱ⦝ෝ᮹⨆ᮝಽaŖ⦹ᩍᗭእᯕb ≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteᖁ⧁ᙹiacute⦽
ᱱᯕ⧖ᝍᖒŖᯙᮝಽΞᝡǎᙹᱥᱱᮝಽaḡᰍഭෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł⦹eᖙĥŔŔᨱ⟝Კ۵ๅᰆᵲ
ᨕ۱⦽Ǒ۵ߑᨦ ⦹Ł۵᮹ᯙ3KR۵ᄁԉݡᨦə൚ᯙ1DP $QampR WGaᬕ⦹۵ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ᯙօ
ᦥᨱᮝಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦹ᩡŁ ᨱ۵⦽ǎ⪮ษ⋕᪅ᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ⩥ᰍᄁԉᱥǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆŝǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Łᮝ໑ ᨱە
ᨱๅᰆ ԝĥ⫮ᯕ อᇩ᮹ๅ⇽ ʑಾ⦹ᩡŁᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ๅᰆ
aᗮ ໕ᨱᕽᯕᇡᇥʑಾᅕᯙᄁԉ)ampෝ⇵ᬵ⦹ᩡ อɪᗮಽ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł
ᄁԉ᮹ᱥ⩶ᱢᯙʙNtildeญᯙᝡǎᙹ۵e⧕ᅕᯕḡอᇢḡႊŝԉḡႊ᮹
ᯕญŁaᱶษ ฑ ᯕ⦽ᕽಽෙᝡǎᙹ᮹ ᅕᱢᯙᮝಽၽᱥ
ᮝ໑እƱᱢᗭᅙᨦᝁȽๅᰆᖅᨱอᇩԕᯕa⦹Łᵡ⪵ᝁᖁ⦽
ᰍŖɪᮝಽᨕ۱Ŕᨱᕽӹ᮹ᯝᖒ ᯕaumlᯕᖒŖᯙᮝಽᇥᕾ
⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ⨩a≉ाᄁԉᨦℕ ญᜅ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ⵞᬯ2Ặᡆᖆᬯ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
71 Eree|EuhzhuvFriihh Ehyhudjh
81 FrrsPduw Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
91 IrflFr1 Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
1 JPduw Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
1 Kdss|Krxvh UhdoHvwdwh
lt1 NlqkGr Irrg
431 Qlqrpd Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
441 Skr57 Irrg
451 Vkdnh Ehyhudjh
461 Vxqiorzhu Ehyhudjh
471 W)WVkrhv Frqvxphujrrgv+Idvklrq
481 WdslrFxs Ehyhudjh
491 WuxqjQjx|hq Ehyhudjh
41 Y057k Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
41 YlhwqdphvhDphulfdqYrfdwlrqdoWudlqlqjFroohjh Hgxfdwlrq
4lt1 Ylvvdq Uhwdlo exvlqhvvhv +irrg
⇽ᄁԉᔑᨦᩎᇡ027
ⳕʑᨦᄥḥ⇽ᖒŖᔍಡᩑǍ
ᩑǍႊჶ
ᦿᕽᔕᅙၵzᯕᄁԉᰆᨱǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕⅩḥ⦹ʑ᯲⦽
ʑa ၹᯕŁݡ ၹᨱᨕᕽǎ⥥₉ᯕݡ ʑᨦ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕ
ᅙĊ⪵ᨩʑভᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽᱶ₊⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡෝၽǕ⦹۵ߑᱽᯕᨩ ᕽᬑᖁᄁԉᨱᕽᔍᨦ ⦽ḡ ᯕᔢᯕʑᨦ ᵲᨱᕽᄁԉ᮹ݡᯙ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕࢱෝ⧉⦹ᩍᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Łᮝ໑ ᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteಅḥǎ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ aḡʑᵡ ⧕)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHŔ ᱢᮝಽᖁᱶ⦹ᩡ ʑᨦᨱݡ⦽ᔍ۵⩥ḡ⇽ᰆa⦽šĥ ᯙቑ⩥ᰆᔍᯕ
ᯝƱᝁ⨭ၰᯙഭ ⧕ᯕᨕᲭ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ʑᨦᄥᔍಡ
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ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ᄁԉḥ⇽ǎ➉ᜅऽቭऽaᬕߑaᰆᖒŖ⦽ቭऽ᮹⦹ӹᯙ)amp۵ߑญᦥᅕ ݍዉญ⪙⊹ၝԕᙹ⟝ᅝԕᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩəݚȽᱶᔢ
aɩḡŁᄁԉʑᨦŝ᮹⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⧕ᕽอḥ⇽ᯕa⧩ʑভᨱ
6LQJDSRUH 8QLWHG 7REDFFRWG687ŝ0DFRQGUDampR⪮ၰ7KLHQ1DPampRUSᄁ
ԉe᮹ᄁԉ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᯙ)amp 9LHWQDP -RLQW 9HQWXUH ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ
ḡෝᇡᩍ⦹۵ႊᮝಽḥ⇽⧩ ᬵ)amp۵ǎĥ➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽᕽ۵
Ⅹಽ⦹יᯕᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⧩ ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⦹יᯕᨱ ᄁԉ
ᵝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł۵ߑ ᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᝁȽᖅ⦹ᩡ )amp᮹ᅙᱱᮡ⦹יᯕᨱ⊹⧕ᮝӹᯕ۵ḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᯕ72aǎᯕᨕᕽ
ᝅᱽᄁԉᱥℕๅᰆᬕߑᱶᇡಽእ᮹⦥ᖒᯕᨩʑভᯙݡ ၰšญ۵⪙⊹ၝ
ḡᱱᨱᕽݚݕ⦹Ł
)amp۵⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆ ࢱḢ⦹Łᮝ໑ݚᇥeḢℕᱽෝŁᙹ⧁aumlᮝಽ
ಅḡŁ ᯕ۵ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ)amp᮹⥥₉ᯕḡಽᕽ)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡḩš
ญᕽእᜅ ḡ⧁ᙹ۵ᱢĊᔍᨦ❭թෝʑaᨕಖŁ❱⧩ʑভᯕ
)amp۵ḥ⇽Ⅹʑᗱᝅqᙹ⦹ŁḡᗮᱢᮝಽŖĊᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ⧕᪅Ł ḥ⇽ᯕ௹ℌeᱢෝ໕⊹⦽aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ ⅩʑɩȽ۵
ŖᱢᮝಽŖၵᨧᮝӹᗭᇩಽ⇵ᱶ ⪙ᱱᯕ⊹⦽⪙⊹ၝᛩ⟝ᅝ
Otildeᮡ)amp 9LHWQDPᖅพᨱšᩍ⦽687aᔍaෙʑᨦŝ⧊᯲ᮝಽᖅพ⦽
OtildeಽᕽⅩʑᱢෝqᙹ⦹Łᵲᰆʑᱢšᱱᨱᕽ⪙ᱱ ḡᗮᱢᮝಽᬕ⦹ᩡ ḥ⇽
Ⅹʑᨱ۵ݚᰆ᮹ᯕᯖᝅ⩥ᅕ ᔾᱢᯕŁˉҸ⦽➉ᜅऽᱱᯕ۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡ
Ǎ⇶ᨱᵝಆ⧩ )amp۵ᇡᄁԉᨱඹqᯕDZ⦹໕ᕽʑෝ฿ᦹᮝӹᰍ
ዉญ βەෝݎᨱᕽᔾᖁᮝಽၵЙ۵ ᮖᖒ ၽ⧕ᨱ۵ᱥݡእๅෝʑಾ⦹໕ᕽəe᮹ᱢݡ⇽ Ǎaಽᱥ⪹ᨩ ᩍᱥඹqᯕʑ
ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
ᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡaᯕᨕᲭ۵ߑ aeᮡᄁԉᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆᬕᨱ
əⅅᮝӹ ɪᗮಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕ
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ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
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əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
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⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
R ᣣ ᬯ ⦦ ᅞ
FrpphufldoOdzQr16925338+533819147 ᵊᅒⅫᴿ
GhfuhhQr16825339+533916164 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⅚♯ඦඪᣒᓆᵊᅒⅫᴿ㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt253392WW0EWPriwkhPlqlvwu|riWudgh+qrzPRLW+533918158 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ᖛᤇಪᖆᠦ
Ghflvlrq43925332TG0EWFri wkhPlqlvwu|ri Ilqdqfh+53314414 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲⋂⋂ຆ⟒
Odzrq LqwhoohfwxdoSurshuw|5338 ᵊᅒ⩪⅚ᴿ
OdzrqWhfkqrorj|Wudqvihu5339 ᵊᅒ⋊ᴿ
Ghflvlrq4325332TG0EWPriwkhPRLWgdwhgPd|54533 ทᖎỮ⩮ຆ⟒
Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSriwkhJryhuqphqwgdwhgIhe145533 ทᖎᯞ2⟊㉟㘳ᨦຆ⟒㘂ጾᵊᅒⅫ R㘂㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgMxo14533 Ghfuhh5625332QG0FSḪ㘳ᣣ
Flufxodu3825332WW0EWPri wkhPRLWgdwhgDsu147533 Flufxodu3lt25332WW0EWP⋂
⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦšಉ ᵝჶಚ ၰ ԕᬊ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ4805ᇥᕾ
ᯕᔢᄁԉ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙĞ ᱽᩍOtildeᨱݡ⧕ᔕᅕᦹᮝӹᅙᩑǍ᮹ᱢᔢᵲ⦽aumlᮡ
ǎ⥥₉ᯕᱡ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅙᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ᮹⪹Ğᯕ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ
ᰆᨱ۵ᯕ ᄁԉ ʑᨦ⦽ǎၰǎɡಽჭʑᨦᯕḥ⇽⦹ᩍᰆ⪶ݡᨱיಆ
⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑ၽᵝ ḥ ᵡእ⦹Ł ᕽ627ᇥᕾ ⧕ᄁ
ԉᰆᯕwŁ۵vᱱŝᱱʑ⫭⩲ᯙ⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹Ł ⦽
vᱱၰʑ⫭ᯙ
ᰆȽၰᮡᖒᰆᰁᰍಆ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡᮡĞᱽᖒᰆශŝอᨱ۵⦹ݍᯙǍaᰁᰍಆ᮹ᬱᯕ
ᖙĥᱢᖅᔍᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙ$7HDUQH۵ǎaᦩᅕᰆȽᰆᖙᇥ⪵ᱶ
⧪ᱶᱩ₉ᝁᗮ ɝNtildeಽ⦽ᝁǎᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆaᨱᕽᨱ۵
ᄁԉ ⦽ᰆᮝಽa⦹Ł aᙽ۵ಽਉ
ᨕᲭᮝӹᗭๅᰆᮡᩍᱥᮡᖒᰆᖙෝᅕᯕŁ aeᄁԉᗭๅ
ᰆᮡᩑɁa᮹ᖒᰆශ ᅕᩡᮝ໑aeᖒᰆශᮡᨱݍ⧩ ᗭๅᰆȽ۵ᨖݍෝʑಾ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
ᱢ
Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
ಅŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
+Vwuhqjwk +Zhdnqhvv
0ถ933 ᬯᣏ
0ᯢ㛾㛾
0 ∶ᖇ ⋂⦪ 㙏Ⅻ ᪈ᴶ ḪḪ ⩇ಪ ᖛ ᗚᨢ
ถᣏ㙏Ⅻ
0⟪ሼ⟪∶ỮถᲹถ∶Ữ
0㔢ᖆᎪ㘆ಫ
0 ᵊᅒᖎ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲ ⅖♯ᇺ Ꭺ㘆
Ḫ⤛Ჹ⅖♯ᆲḪ⤛
0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
0≉ጾḪᒃ⅚ಪ+ᎪᲹⅫ♯ഞḪ⤛
0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
0ⶲᲢ⋃㖮ᡆⳒ⨲
0ᒃᅒ⩮ച
0ทẶᡆᖆ㛢൧㙏
0433(ทᑯಪፏ+533ltᇮ
0 ทᑯ ಪፏᗚᨢສᤆ J ൧Ặᡆ
ᖆ+ᑮᆺᖆẶ➒ᖛ
⩮ᣎ
0 2Rᑮ㘳Ⅻ᭒㛢㘒Ⅻඪ㘳Ḳ㛿Ⅻ⤞
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
ᦹ
ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
ᱱ7UXQJ 1JXHQŝ⦥ญ⦡ĥ᮹ -ROOLEHHa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽ)amp
ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
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ಅḡŁ ᯕ۵ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ)amp᮹⥥₉ᯕḡಽᕽ)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡḩš
ญᕽእᜅ ḡ⧁ᙹ۵ᱢĊᔍᨦ❭թෝʑaᨕಖŁ❱⧩ʑভᯕ
)amp۵ḥ⇽Ⅹʑᗱᝅqᙹ⦹ŁḡᗮᱢᮝಽŖĊᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ⧕᪅Ł ḥ⇽ᯕ௹ℌeᱢෝ໕⊹⦽aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ ⅩʑɩȽ۵
ŖᱢᮝಽŖၵᨧᮝӹᗭᇩಽ⇵ᱶ ⪙ᱱᯕ⊹⦽⪙⊹ၝᛩ⟝ᅝ
Otildeᮡ)amp 9LHWQDPᖅพᨱšᩍ⦽687aᔍaෙʑᨦŝ⧊᯲ᮝಽᖅพ⦽
OtildeಽᕽⅩʑᱢෝqᙹ⦹Łᵲᰆʑᱢšᱱᨱᕽ⪙ᱱ ḡᗮᱢᮝಽᬕ⦹ᩡ ḥ⇽
Ⅹʑᨱ۵ݚᰆ᮹ᯕᯖᝅ⩥ᅕ ᔾᱢᯕŁˉҸ⦽➉ᜅऽᱱᯕ۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡ
Ǎ⇶ᨱᵝಆ⧩ )amp۵ᇡᄁԉᨱඹqᯕDZ⦹໕ᕽʑෝ฿ᦹᮝӹᰍ
ዉญ βەෝݎᨱᕽᔾᖁᮝಽၵЙ۵ ᮖᖒ ၽ⧕ᨱ۵ᱥݡእๅෝʑಾ⦹໕ᕽəe᮹ᱢݡ⇽ Ǎaಽᱥ⪹ᨩ ᩍᱥඹqᯕʑ
ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
ᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡaᯕᨕᲭ۵ߑ aeᮡᄁԉᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆᬕᨱ
əⅅᮝӹ ɪᗮಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕ
ԍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
)amp۵ᄁԉ⊹➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ ᱱ⦹
۵ᄁԉݡ᮹ᖒŖᱢቭऽಽaŁᮝ໑ ჶᯙᖙԊᇡᙽෝʑ
ಾ⧩ᮝ໑ ⇵ᱶๅ⇽ᧂᮡᨖอᇩಽ⇵ᱶ )ampቭऽ᮹ᗭᯙltXP5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOlt5 ᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽᨱᕽᄁԉ aᰆᖒᰆᯕෙǎaಽ
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ᮝಽᄁԉᗭእ ⪚ᔢᮝಽቭऽᖁݡ ᔍđŝᨱ໕➉ᜅऽᨦℕ
ಽ۵ᯝ⦹iacute)ampaෝ₉ḡ⧩
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᖁၽᵝಽᰆᖁᱱ
ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ᮹ᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH ᬊ⦹ᩡ⪾⦽ݡ )amp۵ɡಽჭቭऽ
ᨱอ⦹ḡᦫŁၵᇡᰆ ၽ⦹۵ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹ᩡ )ampa
ᄁԉᨱᔢය⧩ ᙹᄁԉᗭእᔍᯕᨱᕽ)amp۵ᱥᖙĥᱢᮝಽݡᨱ۵ݚ
ಅḥɡಽჭቭऽaᦥܩᦥ βᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡŁᄁԉᗭእᮡ)ampaᱽŖ⦹
۵➉ᜅऽᨱ ᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᕽⅩʑᨱ۵)ampቭऽෝญ໑➉ᜅऽ
౩ᜅ௲᮹ᜅ ᱶ₊Ł⦽ษ⪽ ⧕Ł~ ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᵝಆ⧩ )ampቭऽᯕḡෝᯕʑ⧕e❱ๅᰆॵᯙๅᰆℎđᔢᨦᬱᕽእᜅ
ᱢᯙ໕ᮡುᰍݍญษᜅ₊ᬊ ᅕOtildeᔾᨱ ᖙᝍ⦽ᝁĞ ʑᬙᩍ)amp۵ℎđ⦹Łᦩ⦽ᝅԕᨱᕽᦩᱥ⦹Łᔾᱢᯙ ບ ᙹ۵ᯕḡෝ⪶
ᔑ ᄁԉᩑᯙᦥᯕə൚ʑᬊ⦽79ŲŁaᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญ
ᔍ⪵᮹ᇩ⧉ŝእᔾᱢᯙᱱ v⦹۵ᨱ)ampๅᰆԕᔍ᮹ญℎđ⧉
ᇡb۵79ŲŁෝ⧕)amp᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁ⊽ᙺ⦹iacute⦹ᩡ
⪶⦽Ł~⊖ᖅᱶ
Ł~⊖ ⪶ᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᯙǍ᮹ၹᯕᔢᯕᖙอᯕŁᦥ௹ ᨕฑᯕᱫᮡᯕᯕǎ⪵ෝᵝᱲ⦹Łᛞiacuteၼᦥᯕ۵ᱱ qᦩə ĉՆ⦽ษ⪽
v⪵⧩ ᨕฑᯕᬊᰆӽqᱶᔾᯝ⇽⦹ᬊᄥەၽ ᄥษĥ
⫮ ⧕ᨕฑᯕ ௹᮹Ł~ᮝಽҭᨕᯕŁๅᰆԕᨱᨕฑᯕסᯕ ᖒ⦹ᩍ
Ł~ᯕᨕಙ ভ)ampቭऽෝə᮹aᗮᨱᝍᨕᵭᮝಽ ᩑᜅiacuteᨕෙᯕᨕ
ᕽ )amp᮹Ł~ᯕ۵auml ⧩ ญᜅษᜅʑeᵲיᇢ⧙ऽ03ᖵ⊁
ᔍᮡ⧪ᔍෝ⧕ᱫᮡᯕ ҭᨕᩡ ᝅᱽಽ)amp᮹ᨕฑᯕ➉ḡ۵ๅ⇽᮹ᯕᔢ ₉ḡ⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⩥ḡ⪵
⩥ḡ⪵ᨱיಆ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆe❱ (178amp(lt )ULHG ampKLFNHQᨕݡᝁᨱ$ 5$1(178amp(lt ಽ (178amp(lt Łᔍอ ԉʑŁ )ULHG ampKLFNHQᮡ ᄁԉᨕಽ $ʑ1$5ݎ ಽၵЙᨕᯝၹᗭእᯕᦥᅕಾ⧩ อᯙ)amp۵ə
ಽᔍᬊ⦹Łݡ ๅᰆᨦᬱᮡᄁԉᯙಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
5339 533 533 533lt 5343
4 ᑮ ᑮ ཉ Ꮌ ᑮ ⦻ ท
5 ᢖ ᢖ ᑮ ᢖ り ➒
6 ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท ᢖ ⦻ ท ᑮ
7 ㄖᠦᅂ ཉ Ꮌ ⦻ ท X D H ⅖ ᖾ
8 ⦻ ท ㄖᠦᅂ ⩻ ⅖ ᖾ Ặ ᠦ ⩲
9 ᢲ ᢲ ᭒ ᤆ ཉ Ꮌ ᢲ
ᠦ Ữ ᠦ Ữ ⅖ ᖾ ᢲ X D H
ᤆᵊ፲ ᢲ⩪ ᢲ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᦒ ඦ
lt ㄖᤆ Ặ ᠦ ⩲ ᤆᵊ፲ 㑂 ᦒ
43 ㅎ ⅖ ᖾ ㅎ ᢲ⩪ ᢖ
ᝁǎ ᗭๅᰆᰁᰍಆa
β ᙽ۵⇽ $7HDUQH
Ǎๅಆ⨆ᔢၰၽݍ⪵
ᗭाᙹᵡᯕ⨆ᔢŁ฿ჭᯕᇡᇡaa⧉ᨱǍๅಆᯕ۹ᨕӹŁᄁԉᯙ
Ǎ᮹ᔢݚᇡᇥ₉ḡ⦹۵ᱫᮡ⊖HJ ᖙอ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ᯕᯙǍ᮹ෝ₉ḡ᮹
ᮡᗭእǍၰᕽǍᗭእ➉əญŁǎቭऽᖁ⪙Ğ⨆ᮡǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ
ᨱiacuteʑ⫭aŁ Ntilde βᗭእᮡᦦ⦽ᄁԉᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱอ⦹ḡ
⦹Łᅕ ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእᜅᨱ٩ʙ ญŁᮝ໑ǎ᮹ḩᳬᮡᱽŝᕽእ
ᜅෝᱽŖ⦹۵⥥₉ᯕḶᔍᨦᮡᯕ⦽ᙹෝ∊ᙹ۵ŝᱢᯙᙹᯕŁ
⪵aᯝၹᱢᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵ᱡa᮹ෙᔍݡᬊᯙ➉ᜅ
ऽaᄁԉᯙᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵⩥ݡ᮹Łɪ⪵ಽᯙḡ໕ᕽ➉ᜅऽๅᰆᯕᱫ
ᮡᗭእ⊖ᨱiacuteᔪෙ⪵ℕ⨹᮹Ŗeŝอԉ᮹ᰆᗭಽ⪽ᬊŁ ᄁԉᯙᮡ
ෙᦥᦥǎa۵ݍญ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⧕Ntildeᇡqᯕ⦹Łᱱḥᱢᮝಽᱢ᮲⧕ӹaŁ
$amp 1LHOVHQᯕᄁԉᯙ᮹➉ᜅऽᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᖅađŝᨱ໕
ᯙቑᨱ᮲⦽ᔍ௭᮹a➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹ᕽእᜅᇥʑaᳬʑভᨱ➉ᜅ
ऽๅᰆᨱᕽ⦹۵auml ᳬᦥ⦽Ł᮲ݖ⧩ ➉ᜅऽෝ βᯕᬊ⦹۵ᔍ௭ᮡ
ᗭाᯕᦹᮝ໑ᯕᵲ۵ᯝᵝᯝᨱᗭ⦽ჩᯕᔢᯕᬊ⦹۵aumlᮝಽᔍ ۵
➉ᜅऽๅᰆ ᕽእᜅ᮹ᝁᗮᖒভᯕŁݖ⧩Ł ۵aᄝᬕᔍಽᩍʕŁ
⧩ ǎᯝᅙ ᖁḥǎᨱᕽ۵➉ᜅऽaOtildev⦹ḡᦫᮡaumlᮝಽӺᯙᨩḡอᄁԉ
ᯙᮡ⧥ქNtildeqʡᨱᦥḢᝌӹḡᦫᦹŁ➉ᜅऽๅᰆ᮹Ğᬑ⧎ᔢᨱᨕᯕ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
ᱢĊ⥥₉ᯕḡၽǕᧁಽ
ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
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Ğᰢᝍ⪵
ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
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0ᅘ⟪ทᲦ∶ᖇ
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0≋2ᨂ2ᆲ⩪ᖛ㘆㖮ᠦ
㜶+Rssruwxqlw| 㚻+Wkuhdw
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ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕᰆᨱݡ⦽ 4805 ᇥᕾ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
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ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
ʡ ᮝಽᖁᅕᯙauml ๆձऽaᦥܭ⦽ǎ᮹ߑญᦥᯕ ᄁԉĥ᮹⦝ᱥ
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ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕႊᮝಽ ᬵ⦹יᯕᨱᕾȽ᮹⪙ᱱᖅ⧩Ł ᬵᨱ
ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
ᨱ᮹ℕᯙᱱᖅ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ ǎĥי⦝aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶႊ
ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
9LHWQDP )RRG HYHUDJH 6HUYLFHᔍಽ ᯕᔢ ᗭๅၰഭๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł
۵PH[ 3DQ 3DFLILF URXS᮹⫭ᔍᯕ ᯕᨕǎ᮹ๆձऽᜅღᜅᕽቭᭉᯕᯕ
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
ߑญᦥෝಽ4 ౩ ᜅ⦝ ᯕᗮᗮ
ḥ⦹Ł ⦽➉ᜅऽᨱᄁԉᰆᨱ⪽ၽḥ⦹Ł۵ᇥaၵಽ⦝ᱥᱱᯕ
⪙ β⦺ᔾᯕᨩᄁԉᯙ1JXHQ 3KL 9DQᯕ⪙ᵝᨱᕽᖒᨦᵲᯕǎĥ
ORULD -HDQV ampRIIHH᮹ᄁԉᖒŖaᖒ ᔢ⦹Ł⪙ᵝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡಽᇡ
ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝԕ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᙹᨱbb⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ۵
ߑ LIH 6WOH -6ampaORULD -HDQV ampRIIHHቭऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ
ǭญෝๅ⦽ᯕ⩥ᰍ᮹ๅᰆᯕ ᯕญᦥĥOO ampRIIHH ᄁԉʑᨦ
ᯙ0( 3DQ 3DFLILF ampR WGᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡෝᇡᩍ⦹໑ᄁԉᨱᨕᮝ໑
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ᬕ⦹Ł
ᄁԉԕ ⥥₉ᯕǎᨦℕญᜅ⨩a ʑᵡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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81 EhvwGhqnl ᶢ Hohfwurqlfuhwdlo
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lt1 ExujhuNkdq 㘆 ท Irrg
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451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
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551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
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581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
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641 IlyhVwduFklfnhq Ტ ท Irrg
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ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᴲ ♯ⵞᬯ2Ặᡆᖆᬯ 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
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ᄁԉĥ⥥₉ᯕ
ʑᵡⅾᄁԉᨦℕa⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ⨩aෝ≉ा⧩ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ
⦝ 3KRᝡǎᙹ LQK RᄁᯕญᯕᖒŖ⦽ᄁԉ ⥥₉ᯕಽaၼ
Łᮝ໑ 6KDNHᔍᙹᙹഭ 7UD 7UDQ ampKDX₉ )RFL᮹ඹ᮹ᝁᔾቭऽɪᇡ
ᔢ⦹Ł ᄁԉ᮹ᜅღᜅಽᇩญᬑ۵7UXQJ1JXHQι᮲ᨵᮡ DQJᔾᯕᨩݡ᮹ݚ
H 1JXHQ 9Xݚ౩᮲ᨵᇡŝə᮹⊽Ǎᨱ᮹⧕ᨦᨩ Ⅹʑᨱ۵ḩᯕᳬᮡᬱ
⧩ᰆᔍಽ⇽ၽࢱෝ⪙⊹ၝ᮹⦝ᨱŖɪ⦹۵ᙽ⦽ᬱࢱ əӹݡ⦝ᱥᱱ
᮹ᙹᯖᖒŝၽᱥaᖒ e❭⦽ᯕᮡ 7UXQJ 1JXHQ ampRIIHHቭऽಽ⦝ᱥ
ᱱ ᩕᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦹יᯕḥ⇽ၰaᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍᄁԉᨦℕಽ۵Ⅹಽ⧕
ᨱ⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙǎ⋥ᅕॵᦥᨱḥ⇽⧩Ł ᨱ۵
ǎa᮹⦝ᰆ Ŗఖ⦽۵᮹ಽᯕ۵⥥ญᨥᯙᜅ⦝ቭऽෝ⇽
⦹ᩡ ᮡ1HVFDIH᮹ትᯙऽᜅᨱᕽₙa ᮹ḡḡෝᨩŁ $6(0$3(ampᱶᔢ⫭᮹ᨱŖ⦝ಽᖁᱶᨩ ⩥ᰍᄁԉᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹Ḣၰ⥥
₉ᯕ ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ᖙĥᱽ᮹⦝ᔾᔑǎᯙᄁԉᨱᕽᙹ⪶⦽ᝁᖁ⦽ᩍ᮹ᬱࢱ⦝ෝ᮹⨆ᮝಽaŖ⦹ᩍᗭእᯕb ≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteᖁ⧁ᙹiacute⦽
ᱱᯕ⧖ᝍᖒŖᯙᮝಽΞᝡǎᙹᱥᱱᮝಽaḡᰍഭෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł⦹eᖙĥŔŔᨱ⟝Კ۵ๅᰆᵲ
ᨕ۱⦽Ǒ۵ߑᨦ ⦹Ł۵᮹ᯙ3KR۵ᄁԉݡᨦə൚ᯙ1DP $QampR WGaᬕ⦹۵ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ᯙօ
ᦥᨱᮝಽ⧕ḥ⇽ ⦹ᩡŁ ᨱ۵⦽ǎ⪮ษ⋕᪅ᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ⩥ᰍᄁԉᱥǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆŝǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Łᮝ໑ ᨱە
ᨱๅᰆ ԝĥ⫮ᯕ อᇩ᮹ๅ⇽ ʑಾ⦹ᩡŁᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ๅᰆ
aᗮ ໕ᨱᕽᯕᇡᇥʑಾᅕᯙᄁԉ)ampෝ⇵ᬵ⦹ᩡ อɪᗮಽ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł
ᄁԉ᮹ᱥ⩶ᱢᯙʙNtildeญᯙᝡǎᙹ۵e⧕ᅕᯕḡอᇢḡႊŝԉḡႊ᮹
ᯕญŁaᱶษ ฑ ᯕ⦽ᕽಽෙᝡǎᙹ᮹ ᅕᱢᯙᮝಽၽᱥ
ᮝ໑እƱᱢᗭᅙᨦᝁȽๅᰆᖅᨱอᇩԕᯕa⦹Łᵡ⪵ᝁᖁ⦽
ᰍŖɪᮝಽᨕ۱Ŕᨱᕽӹ᮹ᯝᖒ ᯕaumlᯕᖒŖᯙᮝಽᇥᕾ
⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ⨩a≉ाᄁԉᨦℕ ญᜅ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
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ʑa ၹᯕŁݡ ၹᨱᨕᕽǎ⥥₉ᯕݡ ʑᨦ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕ
ᅙĊ⪵ᨩʑভᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽᱶ₊⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ᔍಡෝၽǕ⦹۵ߑᱽᯕᨩ ᕽᬑᖁᄁԉᨱᕽᔍᨦ ⦽ḡ ᯕᔢᯕʑᨦ ᵲᨱᕽᄁԉ᮹ݡᯙ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕࢱෝ⧉⦹ᩍᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Łᮝ໑ ᄁԉᗭእ
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ᯝƱᝁ⨭ၰᯙഭ ⧕ᯕᨕᲭ
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aɩḡŁᄁԉʑᨦŝ᮹⧊᯲ᨱ᮹⧕ᕽอḥ⇽ᯕa⧩ʑভᨱ
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Ⅹಽ⦹יᯕᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⧩ ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⦹יᯕᨱ ᄁԉ
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ᝅᱽᄁԉᱥℕๅᰆᬕߑᱶᇡಽእ᮹⦥ᖒᯕᨩʑভᯙݡ ၰšญ۵⪙⊹ၝ
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ญᕽእᜅ ḡ⧁ᙹ۵ᱢĊᔍᨦ❭թෝʑaᨕಖŁ❱⧩ʑভᯕ
)amp۵ḥ⇽Ⅹʑᗱᝅqᙹ⦹ŁḡᗮᱢᮝಽŖĊᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ⧕᪅Ł ḥ⇽ᯕ௹ℌeᱢෝ໕⊹⦽aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ ⅩʑɩȽ۵
ŖᱢᮝಽŖၵᨧᮝӹᗭᇩಽ⇵ᱶ ⪙ᱱᯕ⊹⦽⪙⊹ၝᛩ⟝ᅝ
Otildeᮡ)amp 9LHWQDPᖅพᨱšᩍ⦽687aᔍaෙʑᨦŝ⧊᯲ᮝಽᖅพ⦽
OtildeಽᕽⅩʑᱢෝqᙹ⦹Łᵲᰆʑᱢšᱱᨱᕽ⪙ᱱ ḡᗮᱢᮝಽᬕ⦹ᩡ ḥ⇽
Ⅹʑᨱ۵ݚᰆ᮹ᯕᯖᝅ⩥ᅕ ᔾᱢᯕŁˉҸ⦽➉ᜅऽᱱᯕ۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡ
Ǎ⇶ᨱᵝಆ⧩ )amp۵ᇡᄁԉᨱඹqᯕDZ⦹໕ᕽʑෝ฿ᦹᮝӹᰍ
ዉญ βەෝݎᨱᕽᔾᖁᮝಽၵЙ۵ ᮖᖒ ၽ⧕ᨱ۵ᱥݡእๅෝʑಾ⦹໕ᕽəe᮹ᱢݡ⇽ Ǎaಽᱥ⪹ᨩ ᩍᱥඹqᯕʑ
ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
ᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡaᯕᨕᲭ۵ߑ aeᮡᄁԉᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆᬕᨱ
əⅅᮝӹ ɪᗮಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕ
ԍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
)amp۵ᄁԉ⊹➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ ᱱ⦹
۵ᄁԉݡ᮹ᖒŖᱢቭऽಽaŁᮝ໑ ჶᯙᖙԊᇡᙽෝʑ
ಾ⧩ᮝ໑ ⇵ᱶๅ⇽ᧂᮡᨖอᇩಽ⇵ᱶ )ampቭऽ᮹ᗭᯙltXP5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOlt5 ᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽᨱᕽᄁԉ aᰆᖒᰆᯕෙǎaಽ
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ᮝಽᄁԉᗭእ ⪚ᔢᮝಽቭऽᖁݡ ᔍđŝᨱ໕➉ᜅऽᨦℕ
ಽ۵ᯝ⦹iacute)ampaෝ₉ḡ⧩
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᖁၽᵝಽᰆᖁᱱ
ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ᮹ᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH ᬊ⦹ᩡ⪾⦽ݡ )amp۵ɡಽჭቭऽ
ᨱอ⦹ḡᦫŁၵᇡᰆ ၽ⦹۵ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹ᩡ )ampa
ᄁԉᨱᔢය⧩ ᙹᄁԉᗭእᔍᯕᨱᕽ)amp۵ᱥᖙĥᱢᮝಽݡᨱ۵ݚ
ಅḥɡಽჭቭऽaᦥܩᦥ βᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡŁᄁԉᗭእᮡ)ampaᱽŖ⦹
۵➉ᜅऽᨱ ᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᕽⅩʑᨱ۵)ampቭऽෝญ໑➉ᜅऽ
౩ᜅ௲᮹ᜅ ᱶ₊Ł⦽ษ⪽ ⧕Ł~ ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᵝಆ⧩ )ampቭऽᯕḡෝᯕʑ⧕e❱ๅᰆॵᯙๅᰆℎđᔢᨦᬱᕽእᜅ
ᱢᯙ໕ᮡುᰍݍญษᜅ₊ᬊ ᅕOtildeᔾᨱ ᖙᝍ⦽ᝁĞ ʑᬙᩍ)amp۵ℎđ⦹Łᦩ⦽ᝅԕᨱᕽᦩᱥ⦹Łᔾᱢᯙ ບ ᙹ۵ᯕḡෝ⪶
ᔑ ᄁԉᩑᯙᦥᯕə൚ʑᬊ⦽79ŲŁaᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญ
ᔍ⪵᮹ᇩ⧉ŝእᔾᱢᯙᱱ v⦹۵ᨱ)ampๅᰆԕᔍ᮹ญℎđ⧉
ᇡb۵79ŲŁෝ⧕)amp᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁ⊽ᙺ⦹iacute⦹ᩡ
⪶⦽Ł~⊖ᖅᱶ
Ł~⊖ ⪶ᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᯙǍ᮹ၹᯕᔢᯕᖙอᯕŁᦥ௹ ᨕฑᯕᱫᮡᯕᯕǎ⪵ෝᵝᱲ⦹Łᛞiacuteၼᦥᯕ۵ᱱ qᦩə ĉՆ⦽ษ⪽
v⪵⧩ ᨕฑᯕᬊᰆӽqᱶᔾᯝ⇽⦹ᬊᄥەၽ ᄥษĥ
⫮ ⧕ᨕฑᯕ ௹᮹Ł~ᮝಽҭᨕᯕŁๅᰆԕᨱᨕฑᯕסᯕ ᖒ⦹ᩍ
Ł~ᯕᨕಙ ভ)ampቭऽෝə᮹aᗮᨱᝍᨕᵭᮝಽ ᩑᜅiacuteᨕෙᯕᨕ
ᕽ )amp᮹Ł~ᯕ۵auml ⧩ ญᜅษᜅʑeᵲיᇢ⧙ऽ03ᖵ⊁
ᔍᮡ⧪ᔍෝ⧕ᱫᮡᯕ ҭᨕᩡ ᝅᱽಽ)amp᮹ᨕฑᯕ➉ḡ۵ๅ⇽᮹ᯕᔢ ₉ḡ⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⩥ḡ⪵
⩥ḡ⪵ᨱיಆ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆe❱ (178amp(lt )ULHG ampKLFNHQᨕݡᝁᨱ$ 5$1(178amp(lt ಽ (178amp(lt Łᔍอ ԉʑŁ )ULHG ampKLFNHQᮡ ᄁԉᨕಽ $ʑ1$5ݎ ಽၵЙᨕᯝၹᗭእᯕᦥᅕಾ⧩ อᯙ)amp۵ə
ಽᔍᬊ⦹Łݡ ๅᰆᨦᬱᮡᄁԉᯙಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
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ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
aᨕᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญᅕ ႑aపእᝩᨱ ᇩǍ⦹Łᯙ
ʑa⪶ᔑŁ ➉ᜅऽ۵ᱫᮡ⊖ᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ᯕᨕᕽəᮡๅ βᙝ⦲ᖝ
ӹ႒⪵ᱱԕ᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᮝಽಅe ᯕ۵ᵲǎᨱᕽᔍ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯕŁ۵aumlᮝಽ LWNRZVNL DQG 0Dᮡᵲǎᱫ
ᮡᯕᯕǎᱫᮡᯕᅕ )ampๅᰆԕᨱᕽບŁນ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᅕ
ᯕ໑ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᕽǎᅕ ɮᱶᱢᯙᯙᔢ aḡŁ۵auml ၽč⧩ ᖅᨦ
ℕ$amp1LHOVHQᮡᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ ๅ⇽Ƚaᱥݡእaప۹ᨕ
ӽ⪵႒อᇩᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ⧩
⥥₉ᯕ⪽ᖒ⪵ෝ⦽ჶᱢ13ᱽᱢʑၹษಉ
ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩᄁԉᱶᇡ᮹Ƚ ᱽHJ ᬵᯝᯕᱥᨱ۵
⧊᯲ჶᯙ ᬵᯝʭḡḡᇥ᮹ᱽ⦽ᯕᨧ۵⧊᯲ჶᯙಽ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ႊᮝಽอḥ⇽ᯕa⦹ᩡʑভᨱᦥḢᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑᰆᮝಽəอᰆ᮹
ᩍḡaᰆᮝಽᅝᙹ ᬵᯝᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᇥᨱǎᯙ a⧕ᲙᕽჶᱢUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭᔢ
ᄁԉᱶᇡ۵ᔾၰᦩᱥᱽŁෝ⧕ᔾᦩᱥȽᱶ v⪵⧩Łݚ
ᮡᨦ⨩aෝၼʑ⧕ᯕෝ∊⧩ əđŝݡᇡᇥᖙᨦᯙʙNtildeญ
ᱱᮡᱶᇡ᮹ᨥĊ⦽ᔾȽᱶ ∊ᙹᨧᨕᕽ ۵ᔍಡaᗮ⇽⦹iacute
ᨩᨩŁᩑᜅiacuteʙNtildeญ❱ๅ⧪aᵥᨕiacute ᯕ۵ᔾᦩᱶȽᱶ໕ᨱᕽ
ญ⦽➉ᜅऽᨦĥᨱiacute۵⪙ᰍಽ᯲ᬊ⦹Ł
ᱱၰ⩲ᯙ
ᱡᗭाǎaᨱ۵ɡಽჭ⥥₉ᯕ ቭऽ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕᱡ⦹ ᯙǍᨖ᮹ᔍ⦹ᯕ
ԉᦥ⥥ญ⋕ǎaԕᨱᕽᨦᵲᯙ)ampᕽቭᭉᯕ᮹ᚌ۵ᗱᨱΞ ᱶ ᯕḡᩎ
ᔍ௭᮹aᇥᗭाᯕๅᬑԏ۵Ŗᱱᨱɩᮖݍᨱ᮹ᱲɝᱽ⦽ჶᱢᰆ⊹᮹ᇡ
ᰍ⪙⧉ᯕaᰆᰆᄞᯕ ⥥₉ᯕḡa⥥₉ᯕᱡಽᇡ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ ⦹ʑ
⧕ᕽ۵ɩᯕ⦥⦽ߑᝁᰆ᮹ᵲᗭʑᨦᮡ⦥⦽ɩ ⩥ḡɩᮖʑšᮝಽᇡ
۵aumlᯕᩍ᮹⊹ᦫ⦹ݍ ⥥₉ᯕ ᜅᮡჶᱢᱽᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᔾĥᨱ
ᕽჩᖒ⦹ӹᝁᰆᨱ۵ჶŝᱽaษಉḡᦫNtildeӹ⪙⦹ᩍ⨹ŝእᬊ ᙹၹ
⦽ HFN HHGOHU 0LOOHU
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ᯕzᮡᔢ⫊ᮡእಾ⪙ᱥᨩŁ۵⦹ӹᄁԉ᮹ᔢ⫊ŝ ᩍᱥ฿ᦥਉᨕḥ ⥥
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₉ᯕ šಉჶᱢᰆ⊹aษಉᨩḡอᩍᱥ⧪ᔢᨱ⪙⧉ᯕᔢ⦹Łᄁԉᵲ
ᗭʑᨦ᮹ɩݍᱲɝᯕᱽ⦽ ভᨱᄁԉԕᨱ⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦ ᙹ⧪⧁อ
⦽ᩎపŝɩ aḥᯙၰʑᨦᙹaฯḡᦫŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᨱݡ⦽ᯙᯕ
ᇡ⦹ᩍಽᩕḡᇩᨱNtildeᇡqᅕᯕ۵ ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᯕᦥḢᮡᨕಅᬕᔢ
ᔑaĊၰๅᰆᇡᮡᇡ
ԕๅᰆ⪶ᅕaᨕಖݡ ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ᔑၽ᮹ḡᩑᮝԕᨱᇡݡ
ಽᔢᨦOtildeᯕᇡ⦹Ł እᱶᔢᱢᮝಽᮡๅๅaၰᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕⥥₉ᯕ ๅᰆ
⪶ᅕᨱᨕಅᬡᯕฯ ⥥₉ᯕݚᯕᯕᯖᯕӹಅ໕ᗭ ᨱᕽᙹᯕ⦥⦽ߑᮡๅᰆᯥ₉ഭಽᯙ⧕ⅾእᬊ᮹aᯥ₉ഭಽӹe᮹ݡ ෝ໕⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᨱᕽݚᨦᨱᨕa۵እᬊᮡ⊹໕ᱢᝅԕॵᯙᨱݍಅḡอᗭอᇩᨱᕽ อᇩᙹᵡᯕ໑ อݚᯥ₉ഭaᩑ อᇩᯝĞᬑ อᇩ᮹ᅕɩ ᖁ
ᇩ⧕⦹Ł อᇩᱶෝᝅԕᰆእᬊᮝಽ⦽ ᨦⅩᙹᬵeᮡ อᇩᯕᔢ᮹ᗱ⧕ෝb᪅⧕⦹໑ษၰŲŁእᬊᮝಽᬵ႒ᇩ᮹እᬊᯕᨕe
ZZZ91(FRQRP1HZVFRPaᰆእᬊᯕᱢiacuteऽ۵⥥₉ᯕ ᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯙᄁԉ᮹
ᝡǎᙹᱥᱱ 3KR ᮹Ğᬑ ๅᰆᖅᨱ อᇩᱶaᨕa۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᩕᦦ⦽ᯙ⥥13ᩍᱥԏᮡǍๅಆ
ಽ ⧎อ ᬕᘂඹᜅᯕᩕᦦ⦹Łᯙ ᝁᯙ⥥ ᦥḢᮡ
⦹໑ᨱթḡaᇡ⦹ᩍᄁԉĞᱽ᮹ᰆʑᱢᖒᰆ ᱡ⧕⦹۵ᯙᯕŁ ᦥᬙ
72a ᯕჶŝᱽෝᱶእ⦹ᩡŁ۵⦹ӹᱢĊᯙᱢᬱᇡ ᮝಽᝅᱢᮝಽ
۵ᩍᱥฯᮡᇡᇥᯕ⪙⦹ᩍᔍᨦᙹ⧪ᔢ⨹ᗭaฯ 7KDQK DQG XRQJ 3a⪵ᇩݚᮡᯙ⥭౩ಽᯙ⧕aĊᮡ᪅ḡอᄁԉǎၝᯙ⦽ ᙹᵡᮝಽǍๅಆᮡᱽ⦽ ᦥᬙ ᨦᬱ᮹ᯕḢᯕᰇᮡauml ᱽಽḡ
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ᇡǎᯙ aa⧕ḡ໕ᕽUgraveฝᯕ⧕ᗭๆձऽქNtilde
ᕽቭᭉᯕᜅღᜅ᮹vಆ⦽ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ᰆḥ aᖒᯕĞᰢᝍ⪵aᬑ
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
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ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆ⩥⫊
ʭḡ⥥₉ᯕ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᯕᨩݡ ᄁԉĥ⦝ᱥᱱ
7UXQJ 1JXHQᯕᰆᱥ⦽⥥₉ᯕ⩶۵ᦥܩḡอ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ʑᅙᱢᯙᖒ
w⇵໕ᕽᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᔍᨦᮡ᯲aumlᮝಽಅḥ ᪅ᾪ⦹ ⪙⊹ၝᵲᝍaᙝ⦲ᖝ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ษ ᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔᨱa໕)ampߑญᦥ
aᕽಽษᵝᅕŁ۵auml ၽč⦽ ⧎ᔢŁ~ಽᇱእ۵ߑᯝᱱᝍeᯕ໕
ෝ⦝⦹Łᱱᝍ ບʑ⦽ᔍḢᬱಽ ᵝᯕ໕a᮹Ł~ಽչℱӽ ᄁԉ᮹➉ᜅऽᰆᮡ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ǎĥaᰆᦦ⦹Ł ᄁԉ
ʑᨦᯕampKLFNHQ DQG ➉ᜅऽቭऽෝ⦹ᩡᮝӹɩಆ᮹⦽ĥᱥᯙ
ಆ᮹ᇡ ၰᄁԉʑᨦᯕ໕ᕽ ᄁԉᗭእ᮹ʑ⪙ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⦹ᩍᔍḡŁ
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ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡෙӹ۵ᯕ⦽⩥ᔢ ᅕᯙ ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ݡ
ᄁԉᰆḥ᮹۵ᔢಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝ6XSHUERZOᨱๅᰆ
ᩑ⦥ญ⦡᮹➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ-ROOLEHHಽಅᲙᄁԉ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⧥ქNtildeq
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ᬵߑญᦥ ᬵ᮹ᙽᮝಽǎԕᨦℕᯕ⦹ӹࢹᦊᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
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⦹iacuteᨩ ⦽ǎĥ4aษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊᮝಽ⦹יᯕᨱḥ⇽
ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
ᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡᮝ໑ ᬵ⦽ǎĥ౩a⪙⊹ၝᨱḢ ๅᰆ ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᄁԉ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᯕᱥႊ໕ᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ
⦹ಅ۵ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ᙹaiacutea⦹Ł ᬵǎĥ+DUG 5RFNampDIHa9LHW 7KDL QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍᨱiacuteษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ᇡᩍෝ⧕⪙⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱVP ᕾȽ ᩕᨩ ⦽ǎĥᜅ⦝aᄁԉ7+9 QWHUQDWLRQDOᔍ᮹ษᜅ
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ǎĥ➉ᜅऽᱱᯙ ampDUOV -XQLRUa⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᩕᨩ ቭऽᗭᯙamp(5HVWDXUDQWV QF۵ᄁԉ᮹0HVD URXSŝษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḶĥ Ł⨆ᄁԉԕ
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ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
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v⪵⧩ ᨕฑᯕᬊᰆӽqᱶᔾᯝ⇽⦹ᬊᄥەၽ ᄥษĥ
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Ł~ᯕᨕಙ ভ)ampቭऽෝə᮹aᗮᨱᝍᨕᵭᮝಽ ᩑᜅiacuteᨕෙᯕᨕ
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⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
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ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
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⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
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ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
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)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
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ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
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₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
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ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
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ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
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ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
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ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
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⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
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Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
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ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
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ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
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ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
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ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
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)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
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ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
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ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
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อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
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-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᴲ ♯ᬯ ท 㖮ᡆⳒ⨲Ḯ
41 DogrJurxs LqwhuqdwlrqdoDJ ➒ ᐞ Uhwdloexvlqhvvhv
51 Dpruh 㘆 ท Frvphwlfv
61 DylvDvldOlplwhg ท Jhqhudovhuylfhv
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ᬵ⩥ᰍๅᰆ⦹ᩡŁ Ⅹ)ampzᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅ
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ᮝಽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᨱ ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ۵⦝י
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ԕಾǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᨦℕ᮹ᙹ۵ǎᯕಽaᰆฯᮡߑ⦽ǎĥ⥥₉ᯕ۵
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431 Fduwulgjh 㛢 ⦦ Sulqwhufduwulgjh
441 Fduyho Ტ ท Ehyhudjh+Lfhfuhdp
451 FEWOIudqfklvlqjOOF Ტ ท Ehyhudjh
461 Fhqwxu|54UhdoHvwdwh ᅂ ᎎ Uhdohvwdwh
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481 FkhulhKhduwvFklogGhyhorsphqwSwh1Owg1 ⎛ ಪ 㒞 Hgxfdwlrq
491 FMIrrgyloohFr1Owg1 㘆 ท Irrg
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551 Fxuyhv Ტ ท Khdowkfduhvhuylfhv
561 Gdlu|Idup Ტ ท Uhwdlo+vxshupdunhw
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581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
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ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
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ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
ᯥɁ ᬱ ʡᱶ ⧕ḥ⇽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ḣᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
⩥ᯙȽ ᄁԉᰆᇥᕾŝḥ⇽ᱥఖ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ḡ
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⩥ḡ⪵ᨱיಆ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆe❱ (178amp(lt )ULHG ampKLFNHQᨕݡᝁᨱ$ 5$1(178amp(lt ಽ (178amp(lt Łᔍอ ԉʑŁ )ULHG ampKLFNHQᮡ ᄁԉᨕಽ $ʑ1$5ݎ ಽၵЙᨕᯝၹᗭእᯕᦥᅕಾ⧩ อᯙ)amp۵ə
ಽᔍᬊ⦹Łݡ ๅᰆᨦᬱᮡᄁԉᯙಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
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581 Glopdk ᠻ Ehyhudjh
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ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
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ᔍᮡ⧪ᔍෝ⧕ᱫᮡᯕ ҭᨕᩡ ᝅᱽಽ)amp᮹ᨕฑᯕ➉ḡ۵ๅ⇽᮹ᯕᔢ ₉ḡ⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⩥ḡ⪵
⩥ḡ⪵ᨱיಆ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆe❱ (178amp(lt )ULHG ampKLFNHQᨕݡᝁᨱ$ 5$1(178amp(lt ಽ (178amp(lt Łᔍอ ԉʑŁ )ULHG ampKLFNHQᮡ ᄁԉᨕಽ $ʑ1$5ݎ ಽၵЙᨕᯝၹᗭእᯕᦥᅕಾ⧩ อᯙ)amp۵ə
ಽᔍᬊ⦹Łݡ ๅᰆᨦᬱᮡᄁԉᯙಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
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ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
ᯥɁ ᬱ ʡᱶ ⧕ḥ⇽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ḣᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
⩥ᯙȽ ᄁԉᰆᇥᕾŝḥ⇽ᱥఖ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ḡ
275$ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ᰆᔾᱥఖᕽᬙᖙŲ⪵ᔍ
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)amp۵ḥ⇽Ⅹʑᗱᝅqᙹ⦹ŁḡᗮᱢᮝಽŖĊᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ⧕᪅Ł ḥ⇽ᯕ௹ℌeᱢෝ໕⊹⦽aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ ⅩʑɩȽ۵
ŖᱢᮝಽŖၵᨧᮝӹᗭᇩಽ⇵ᱶ ⪙ᱱᯕ⊹⦽⪙⊹ၝᛩ⟝ᅝ
Otildeᮡ)amp 9LHWQDPᖅพᨱšᩍ⦽687aᔍaෙʑᨦŝ⧊᯲ᮝಽᖅพ⦽
OtildeಽᕽⅩʑᱢෝqᙹ⦹Łᵲᰆʑᱢšᱱᨱᕽ⪙ᱱ ḡᗮᱢᮝಽᬕ⦹ᩡ ḥ⇽
Ⅹʑᨱ۵ݚᰆ᮹ᯕᯖᝅ⩥ᅕ ᔾᱢᯕŁˉҸ⦽➉ᜅऽᱱᯕ۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡ
Ǎ⇶ᨱᵝಆ⧩ )amp۵ᇡᄁԉᨱඹqᯕDZ⦹໕ᕽʑෝ฿ᦹᮝӹᰍ
ዉญ βەෝݎᨱᕽᔾᖁᮝಽၵЙ۵ ᮖᖒ ၽ⧕ᨱ۵ᱥݡእๅෝʑಾ⦹໕ᕽəe᮹ᱢݡ⇽ Ǎaಽᱥ⪹ᨩ ᩍᱥඹqᯕʑ
ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
ᱢᯙๅᰆ⪶ݡaᯕᨕᲭ۵ߑ aeᮡᄁԉᱥǎᱢᮝಽๅᰆᬕᨱ
əⅅᮝӹ ɪᗮಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕ
ԍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
)amp۵ᄁԉ⊹➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ᯕᔢ ᱱ⦹
۵ᄁԉݡ᮹ᖒŖᱢቭऽಽaŁᮝ໑ ჶᯙᖙԊᇡᙽෝʑ
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ᮝಽᄁԉᗭእ ⪚ᔢᮝಽቭऽᖁݡ ᔍđŝᨱ໕➉ᜅऽᨦℕ
ಽ۵ᯝ⦹iacute)ampaෝ₉ḡ⧩
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᖁၽᵝಽᰆᖁᱱ
ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ᮹ᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH ᬊ⦹ᩡ⪾⦽ݡ )amp۵ɡಽჭቭऽ
ᨱอ⦹ḡᦫŁၵᇡᰆ ၽ⦹۵ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹ᩡ )ampa
ᄁԉᨱᔢය⧩ ᙹᄁԉᗭእᔍᯕᨱᕽ)amp۵ᱥᖙĥᱢᮝಽݡᨱ۵ݚ
ಅḥɡಽჭቭऽaᦥܩᦥ βᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡŁᄁԉᗭእᮡ)ampaᱽŖ⦹
۵➉ᜅऽᨱ ᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᕽⅩʑᨱ۵)ampቭऽෝญ໑➉ᜅऽ
౩ᜅ௲᮹ᜅ ᱶ₊Ł⦽ษ⪽ ⧕Ł~ ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᵝಆ⧩ )ampቭऽᯕḡෝᯕʑ⧕e❱ๅᰆॵᯙๅᰆℎđᔢᨦᬱᕽእᜅ
ᱢᯙ໕ᮡುᰍݍญษᜅ₊ᬊ ᅕOtildeᔾᨱ ᖙᝍ⦽ᝁĞ ʑᬙᩍ)amp۵ℎđ⦹Łᦩ⦽ᝅԕᨱᕽᦩᱥ⦹Łᔾᱢᯙ ບ ᙹ۵ᯕḡෝ⪶
ᔑ ᄁԉᩑᯙᦥᯕə൚ʑᬊ⦽79ŲŁaᄁԉ᮹ʙNtildeญ
ᔍ⪵᮹ᇩ⧉ŝእᔾᱢᯙᱱ v⦹۵ᨱ)ampๅᰆԕᔍ᮹ญℎđ⧉
ᇡb۵79ŲŁෝ⧕)amp᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁ⊽ᙺ⦹iacute⦹ᩡ
⪶⦽Ł~⊖ᖅᱶ
Ł~⊖ ⪶ᖅᱶ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᯙǍ᮹ၹᯕᔢᯕᖙอᯕŁᦥ௹ ᨕฑᯕᱫᮡᯕᯕǎ⪵ෝᵝᱲ⦹Łᛞiacuteၼᦥᯕ۵ᱱ qᦩə ĉՆ⦽ษ⪽
v⪵⧩ ᨕฑᯕᬊᰆӽqᱶᔾᯝ⇽⦹ᬊᄥەၽ ᄥษĥ
⫮ ⧕ᨕฑᯕ ௹᮹Ł~ᮝಽҭᨕᯕŁๅᰆԕᨱᨕฑᯕסᯕ ᖒ⦹ᩍ
Ł~ᯕᨕಙ ভ)ampቭऽෝə᮹aᗮᨱᝍᨕᵭᮝಽ ᩑᜅiacuteᨕෙᯕᨕ
ᕽ )amp᮹Ł~ᯕ۵auml ⧩ ญᜅษᜅʑeᵲיᇢ⧙ऽ03ᖵ⊁
ᔍᮡ⧪ᔍෝ⧕ᱫᮡᯕ ҭᨕᩡ ᝅᱽಽ)amp᮹ᨕฑᯕ➉ḡ۵ๅ⇽᮹ᯕᔢ ₉ḡ⦽
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⩥ḡ⪵
⩥ḡ⪵ᨱיಆ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆe❱ (178amp(lt )ULHG ampKLFNHQᨕݡᝁᨱ$ 5$1(178amp(lt ಽ (178amp(lt Łᔍอ ԉʑŁ )ULHG ampKLFNHQᮡ ᄁԉᨕಽ $ʑ1$5ݎ ಽၵЙᨕᯝၹᗭእᯕᦥᅕಾ⧩ อᯙ)amp۵ə
ಽᔍᬊ⦹Łݡ ๅᰆᨦᬱᮡᄁԉᯙಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝ⩵ )ampŁ᮹۵ەḡ⦽₥ᄁԉᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ᳡aaʑ
⧕יಆ⧩ ፩ᨧ۵ݎʡ ᱽݎԁᔾᖁʡქNtildeᔩᬑქNtildeᔾᖁթĀ⊹ᯕᜅᖙᔾᖁᯕᜅᖙዖᨱእᦺᔾᙹพᦥᯕᜅ ᄁԉᯙ᮹
ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡᯝᇡە᮹Ğᬑᄁԉᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿iacuteʑෝ⇶ᗭ⪚ᮡ
ᩡ⦹ݡ⪶ ᄁԉᨱඹqᯕiacute⧪⦹໕ᕽݎᨱݡ⦽ᬑಅaḡ
ᰍዉญᔾᖁەෝၽݎ ℕ⦹۵ᙽၽಆݡ ᅕᩡ ๅᰆᕽእᜅႊ ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ➉ᜅऽᱱᮡŁ~ᯕḢᱲ ԕ
Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
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ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
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ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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ᩑǍႊჶ
ᦿᕽᔕᅙၵzᯕᄁԉᰆᨱǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᯕⅩḥ⦹ʑ᯲⦽
ʑa ၹᯕŁݡ ၹᨱᨕᕽǎ⥥₉ᯕݡ ʑᨦ᮹ḥ⇽ᯕ
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ᯝƱᝁ⨭ၰᯙഭ ⧕ᯕᨕᲭ
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Ⅹಽ⦹יᯕᨱ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⧩ ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ⦹יᯕᨱ ᄁԉ
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ᝅᱽᄁԉᱥℕๅᰆᬕߑᱶᇡಽእ᮹⦥ᖒᯕᨩʑভᯙݡ ၰšญ۵⪙⊹ၝ
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ᇡญᨱ۵⦹יᯕಽḥ⇽⦹۵ ŖĊᱢᯙᱥఖ ⅅ ᨱ⦹ᩍእ
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ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
ᯥɁ ᬱ ʡᱶ ⧕ḥ⇽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ḣᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
⩥ᯙȽ ᄁԉᰆᇥᕾŝḥ⇽ᱥఖ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ḡ
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ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
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Ł ၼᦥa۵ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᯕӹᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱᯖᙺ⦹ḡᦫᮡᄁԉᯙ᮹ᖒ
ŁಅݡᇡᇥᨦᬱᯕḢᱲᯕትಽᕽᵝ ၰ aᲙᵝ۵ᯝၹ౩ᜅ௲ᕽ
እᜅႊᮝಽᬕ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡ⩥ḡ⪵۵ǎĥᦥᯕᜅฝ⥥₉ᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹⧪₊᪅ᨱᕽ ᅝᙹ
ॐᯕๅᬑᵲ⦽ᖒŖOtildeᵲ᮹⦹ӹᯕ ᄁᜅኩᜅaᄁԉᨱᦥᯕᜅฝๅᰆ
ᩕᨩ ভݡᙹᄁԉᯙᮡaiacuteᦩᮝಽUgraveᨕᨕᦪᦥᕽᵝ ʑญŁᨩ ᨦᬱᯕ⋕ᬕᨱaᕽ ԕŁᦥᯕᜅฝ ᵝ⦹Ł⧩ ভᄁԉᯙᮡ
۱ӝŁaiacuteෝӹaქಙəݚᄁԉᯙᨱiacute۵⋕⟹ᯕትᨱᦪᦥיNtildeญ໑ᵝ
ၼŁӹᵲᨱ ԕ۵aumlᯕš⧪ᯕᨩ ᕽᔾᗭ⦽ᖡ⥥ᕽእᜅᨱຝᱡ ԕŁ
⦹ ฯᮡᄁԉŁ~ᯕ⪵ෝԩŁʑ ḡᦫ۵۵۱ӭ ၼᦹ ᄁᜅᄅ
ᜅ۵ ᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵⨆ᯕǎŝᔢᯕ⦽aumlၽč⧩۵ߑǎᨱᕽ۵ၵ
⨆ᯕᯙʑᩡᮝӹᄁԉᨱᕽ۵5XP5DLVLQ⨆ᯕᯙʑᯙauml ❭ᦦ⧩ 2QNYLVLW DQG 6KDZ
Ḣ ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽ቭऽḡᖹၰaĊᱶ₦
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡᱽŁෝ⧕Ḣℕᱽෝḡ⦹Ł ᄁԉ⩥ḡĞᱽᱢ
ᩍOtildeၰ)ampa⇵Ǎ⦹۵Łɪቭऽᯕḡෝၹ⦽ᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⧩ ᯙݚ
ᩑeǎၝᗭाᯕ⪵ᇩᙹᵡᯙᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ qᦩ⦹໕ᖙەaĊᯕᇩ ᇩᙹᵡᯙ)amp᮹aĊᮡๅᬑእḡ۵ᦫḡอə௹ ᔢݚእ⇶ᨱᗮ⦽
ು⦹יᯕ⪙⊹ၝᨱNtildeᵝ⦹۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹ǎၝᗭाᮡᇩ ᇩಽḡอᩍᱥ
ᇡݕᜅᬕaĊᯥᨱ۵ฝᨧ ᯕzᯕ)ampaᗭᮡaĊᱶ₦ Łӹ᪉aumlᮡ
)amp᮹ቭऽᯕḡෝǎᖁḥǎᨱᕽzᯕᯝၹ➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭᵲǎ)amp
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
᪉aᯕʑ۵⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽaᲙaʑ⦽ᱥఖᯕ ⩥ḡĞᱽᔍᱶŝ
ቭऽḡᖵ ⪵aĊᱶ₦ᮡๅᬑᵲ⦹ ᄁᜅኩᜅ᮹Ğᬑḥ⇽ݚ
ᄁԉ᮹Ğ ᱽᔍᱶ Łಅ⦹ḡᦫŁቭऽᯕḡอŁಅ⦹ᩍəݚᄁԉᯙ᮹⦽
ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
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ӝᔍsᨱ⧕۵⦹ݚⅩŁa᮹aĊᱶ₦Ǎᔍ⦹aᗭእಽᇡ໕ݚ⦹Łᙹ
ḥ⇽⦹۵ᙹෝċᨩ ᪅ᾪ⦹
ᱡ⦽ᔾšญ
ᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⦹ᩡ ญŝᱶᨱᕽᨦᬱᯕၹऽษᜅෝ
₊ᬊ⦹iacute⦹ᩡŁ ᬱᔑḡaᇩᇥ⦽ᰍ۵ᔍᬊ⦹ḡᦫᦹ ᖅⅩʑᄁԉᰍ
Ŗɪᨦℕᯕ)amp᮹ḩʑᵡ ∊ḡ⦹ᰍݍᮡ)amp9LHWQDP᮹ᱡ⦽
ᱽ⦹ᨱᅙᔍᯙltXP 5HVWDXUDQWV QWHUQDWLRQDOᯕᱥݕ⦹ᩍḩ᮹ᰍෝᙹᰆᔍᮂݎᩡ⩥ᰍᨱ۵amp39LHWQDP⦹ݍ ๅ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹ᩍݎ᮹ᔍᮂᔕŝ
ᱶ ǎᱽʑᵡᨱ฿⇵ŁŁᝁᖁ⦽ݎ ۵⦹ݍ ۵ᄁԉ⩥ḡݍ⦹Ł
ḡอᩍᱥ۵ᙹ⦹Ł
⊹ၡ⦽ๅᰆḡᱥఖ
ᖙᝍ⦽ḡᖁᱶᱥఖ ᵝ⧩Ⅹʑᨱ۵ᝍ᮹ݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᦩᯕӹɝᨱๅᰆ
ᖅ⦹ᩍᦥᯕ ⧉ญŁᙹ⟝ษᨱෙᨕෙᯕᦥᯕŝߑ ๅᰆ ᙹ
ಾ⦹۵ᱥఖ ᔍᬊ⧩ ᝍ႒⪵ᱱݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᦩᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩍᗭाᙹ
ᵡᯕᮡĥ⊖ᯕӹḢᰆᯙ Ł~ᮝಽᔝᦥ⥥ญᨥݚᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᦹ ⪙⊹ၝԕᵲᝍaᨱ⊹⦽aᰆŁɪ႒⪵ᱱᯙᯕᦥऽ⥭⊖ᨱ)ampzᮡ
⫭ᔍĥᩕቭऽᯙ3L]]D +XWa۵ߑᯕŔᮡᖙĥቭऽᯕᱱ⧕ ᯕᨱ
ⅾๅᰆ᮹aపᯕᄁԉ᮹ݡᵝᯙ⪙⊹ၝŝ⦹יᯕᨱḲᵲᨕ əӹɝᨱ۵ᵝԕᨱݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษᯕӹݡ⩶ᔢaክঊᝁ⇶ᯕḡᩑᨱʙ
Ntildeญ᮹ᗭ⩶พክঊŁɪᵝNtildeḡԕᨱ ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹Ł ๅᰆ aɪᱢݡ⩶⪵⦹
ᩍaᯥᯕӹᔾᯝ❭ᯕa⦹ಾ⧩อ⦽)ampๅᰆᮡ⊖ ṙಽᔍᬊ
⦹໑Ŕᮡ⊖ ࢱᔍᬊ⦹۵Ŕ
ɡಽჭቭऽ❭ᬭ
Ⅹḥ⇽ݚ)ampaᄁԉᨱəญಅᲙḥᦫᦹḡอɡಽჭቭऽ᮹ቭऽ❭
ᬭ ᖒŖ᮹ᬱಆᮝಽᅝᙹ ḥ⇽ݚݡᙹᄁԉᯙᨱiacuteᔾᗭ⦽ቭऽᩡḡ
อ႒อᯕᔢᨱ۵⦹ݍǎNtilde βᄁԉᯙᮡᯕ )ampᨱݡ⧕ᯖŁᨩʑভ
ᨱᯕᯕᄁԉԕḡᯙᨱiacute⨆ ℱ)amp᮹ᯕḡaᬒᳬᦥᲭ۵ᇥᕾ ӹ
᪉
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
ᯥɁ ᬱ ʡᱶ ⧕ḥ⇽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ḣᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
⩥ᯙȽ ᄁԉᰆᇥᕾŝḥ⇽ᱥఖ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ ⦽ǎඹ⦺⫭ḡ
275$ ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ᰆᔾᱥఖᕽᬙᖙŲ⪵ᔍ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
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13 RFWRUDO 6WXGHQW HSDUWPHQW RI XVLQHVV DQG $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ 6HRXO 6FKRRO RI QWHJUDWHG 6FLHQFH DQG 7HFKQRORJLHV1313 ampRUUHVSRQGLQJ $XWKRU $VVRFLDWH 3URIHVVRU 6FKRRO RI XVLQHVV 6HMRQJ 8QLYHUVLW GRQOHHVHMRQJDFNU
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥ$43
ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65 ᙹ⧪⧉ᮝಽ ᯕḡෝᯕŁ )amp᮹ʑᨦᯙltXPUDQGVᰍᮡᖙĥపĥ⫮⦹ᨱŖᩍŁ۵aumlŝ۵ᄥಽ ᯕ௹ᖙĥbḡᨱ
ᕽᯝᨕӹŁ۵ᰍӽǍ⪙ᨱ⪵႒อᇩ Ŗᩍ⧩ᩍʑᨱ۵ḡӽ ᄁԉḡ
ḥ⦝⧕ᨱݡ⦽อᇩḡᬱ ⧉ ⪙⊹ၝℎᗭ ⩲⫭⩲ಆ⦹ᩍᇩᬑᦥ
ᨱiacuteᖁ ᱶ⦹Ntildeӹᇩᬑ⦺ᔾᨱiacuteᰆ⦺ɩ ḡᬱ⦹Ł ᵲǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹
ᄁԉ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖĞ⨹ᨱᮡၵ ⧁ᙹ ᄁԉ)amp۵ᵲǎ)amp᮹ḥ⇽ᱥఖŝᔍ⦽ĞಽෝၾŁ )amp۵ᵲǎᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ⩥
ᰍᵲǎᱥᩎᨱᯕᔢ᮹)ampๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł ๅᰆᙹᯙḡ ၰ
ᯕḡ໕ᨱᕽๆձऽෝ⭉ᦍᔢ⫭⦹Ł۵ߑᵲǎ᮹ᔢ⧕ᇢĞ ܩᐱอᦥݡ
ᵲǎԉᇡ᮹⦹ᯕӽᖍᨱᕽᇢ⦽ŝᱲĞḡᩎəญŁŝNtildeᝅಽऽ᮹ᔍส᪅ᦥᜅᨱᯕ
ʑʭḡᖁ ᖁ᮹ʼnᨱʭḡ⟝Კ )amp۵ᯕ ᱽᅙᯙǎᨱᕽᅕ ᵲǎ
ᨱᕽๅ⇽ญŁ ᇥʑᵲ)ampቭऽᗭᯙlt80UDQGV᮹ᵲǎ
ԕๅ⇽ᮡᱥʑݡእ۹ᨕӽᨖᇩ ʑಾ⦹ᩍǎᨱᕽ᮹ᨖอᇩqᗭෝ ᔢ⫭⦹ᩡ )amp۵ ᵲǎ )amp᮹ ⧖ᝍ ᖒŖᯙᮝಽ ᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU
DGYDQWDJHᱽ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱶ₦Ğ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ )amp۵➉ᜅऽᇩḡᩡᵲǎᰆၵᇡᲙŁᱡ⦽ᰆᔍ
ෝ⧕⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖǍᔍ⧩ ๆձऽaǎᨱᕽ❵⧥ქNtildeෝNtilde᮹əݡಽᵲǎᨱ
ᩍ᪉ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ǎ᮹)amp ๅᰆ əݡಽᵲǎᨱᩍ᪅ḡᦫŁ ᵲǎ⩶
)ampๅᰆ ᩕᨩ ᗱ ᔍᬊ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅऽᵲǎᯙ᮹ᱴaᔍᬊႊ
ᱢᱩ⪵ᵲǎ)amp۵➉ᜅऽᱱᯕʑᅕ۵Łɪ⪵⋱౩ᜅ௲ᨱa
ʾ ᵲǎ)ampᨱᕽ۵ᕽݎᨱፍӲ3HNLQJ GXFN ᗭᜅෝၵෙUDJRQ 7ZLVWHU ᵲǎ
6LFKXDQḡႊญᨱɝNtilde⦽ๅᬕࢱᇡ⊹ᯕᜅᝡᵞ᮹ᵲǎญෝၽ⧩Ł⧕ᔑ
ญVHDIRRGᜅᯕEHHI ᨱ⧉ە zᮡĥᩕᔍᯙ⦝⨼ ᵲ
ǎḥ⇽ ᩍๅᰆᮡᅕ Łɪ⪵౩ᜅ௲ᖪಽaŁ ⦝⨼ᨱᕽ۵⋙ส
ᯕaℱḥᦩ⦹Łᝁ⦽ᗭ❭ᨱᦪᦥᕽaญእಽŝzᮡᵲǎᜅᯝ᮹ญ
⥥௲ᜅݍᯕญ ᦥᯕ ᖁ⧁ᙹ )amp۵ᵲǎԕᱢĊ⧊᯲❭թෝᦹ ǎHLMLQJ ampRUS RI $QLPDO 3URGXFWLRQ
3URFHVVLQJ QGXVWU ampRPPHUFH HLMLQJ 7UDYHO 7RXULVP ampRUSࢱ⫭ᔍಽᵲǎԕᨱᕽ
ᔍᨦ⧁ভၹऽ⦥⧩ತෝᱽŖ⧕ᵝᨩ ᵲ⦽Otildeᵲǎᔍᨦ Ğ⧁Ḣᬱ
ᮝಽݡอ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙ ₥ᬊ⦽aumlᯕᨩ۵ߑෙǎʑᨦᯕᵲǎḥ⇽ᨱǎ⪚ᮡ
ᱡܩԉᦥ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙๅ ₥ᬊ⧩ߑၹ⧕ )amp۵ᵲǎᅙᯙŝzᮡอฑ Ǎᔍ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
əᮡǎ⇽ᝁᵲǎᯙᯕ⦹ḡ⦽ᵲǎŖɪᖁ⪶ᅕ⦹۵ߑᖒŖ⧩ ⦽ᯕzᮡᵲǎ)amp᮹ᖒŖᮡ⪮ݡอ᮹ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ ᮡၵ )amp۵
⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
อᄁԉᯙቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽᯙḡݡ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᯙʑෝ⧕aŁ əӹ
ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
⩥ᰍ)ampߑญᦥaᇥ⦹Ł۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆᮡᦿᮝಽ⦽Ğᰢᨱ
⧁aumlᮝಽᔢᨕᯕᨱݡ⦽ݡእa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
+PMMJCFF
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
-ROOLEHH۵⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦᯙ-ROOLEHH )RRGV ampRUSRUDWLRQ-)ampᯕᅕ⦽ቭऽᵲ᮹⦹ӹಽ
உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
7DQ 9LHW +XRQJ )RRG 3URFHVVLQJᔍෝᖅพ⦹Łᄁԉᨱ-ROOLEHHቭऽෝᩍ
᪅ʑಽđᱶ -ROOLEHHษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ĥ ۵ ə۵ǎၝᗭाᯕᦥḡŁ
iacuteᖒᰆ⦹۵⪵aၽݍ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ➉ᜅऽᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆᅙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᙹ⟝ᅝᨱ⪙ᱱ ᰍᰆ ⧕ᰍᰆ ԕ໕ᕽ-ROOLEHH۵
ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪽ᨱᇩอ ۱ӡ -ROOLEHH۵ -ROOLEHH 9LHWQDP ampR WGෝ
ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
ᰆ⦹ŁLHQ +RD ᮝಽ⪙⊹ၝᯕḡᩎᨱๅᰆ ᖅ⦹ᩡ ᯕᨱḥי⦹
⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
ᰍᄁԉԕๅᰆᙹ۵Ḣᱱaᱱᯕ໑ᄥಽ۵⪙⊹ၝᯕי⦹ ʑḡᩎᨱෝࢱŁ -ROOLEHHaⅩಽ⩥ḡʑᨦŝ᮹ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕ ႊ ⧕ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ
ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
ᔩᱥఖ
ᱡ⦽ᔩᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧩ -ROOLEHHa)ampӹߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᄁԉԕᨱᕽ᮹ᯙḡ
ɩಆ ໕ᨱᕽਉᨕḡʑভᨱḡᖁᱶaĊەၽᨱᕽᔩᱥఖ
ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
ampRRS 0DUWԕᨱᱱ⧩
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ၰaĊᱶ₦
ญᦥᅕߑෝ)ampە ⪵⦹Łᱡ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩡ⊹⧥ქNtildeᨱᔭऽ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
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⦹໑ᵲǎ᮹⪵ෝᦥ۵ݡอ⇽ᝁ Łᬊᝅḩᱢᯙǭ⦽ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩍĞ ᯥ⦹ᩡ
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⪮ᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ⪮⩥ḡᯙ᮹ŝ≉⨆ᨱ฿⇵ḡ⧕
อᨱ Łᦹ ᯝᅙŝ᮹⧊᯲ෝ⧕⪮ᨱᰍḥ⇽⦹Łݡอᨱ ḥ
⇽⦹ᩡᮝӹᩎᖒŝෝNtildeࢱḡ⧩ )amp᮹⪮ݡอᰆḥ⇽ᝅ➉۵ᵲǎḥ⇽᮹
ᖒŖᨱȡᵲ⦽əญŁᦥ βእᬊᮉᱢᯙƱᵝᨩ )amp۵ʑᅙᱢᮝಽḢ ⧕ᙹᯖ Ntilde۵⦺ aḡŁ۵ߑ⩥ᰍᵲǎ᮹Ğ
ᬑๅᰆᙹᯖශᯕෝչŁŁᝁȽๅᰆ᪅⥩Ɂᬵԕᨱᙹᯖ ԕŁ
ʑভᨱݚᇥeḢ Łᙹ⦽۵ĥ⫮ᯕ
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ᄁԉ)amp۵ᖁၽᵝಽᕽ➉ᜅऽᇩḡᨱᕽᰆ อᨕŁəđŝᄁԉ
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ᰆႊŝᰆʑ⫭ෝĉՆ⦽ᖙĥ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹Ğᰢᯕᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱ
ḥ HJ 4 ampDUOV -XQLRU⧩Ntildeӹḥ ᵡእHJๆձऽქNtildeᕽቭᭉᯕᵲᮝಽ
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உNtildeᬕᔍᔭऽ⊹ෝzᯕ❱ๅ⦹ᦥᯕᜅฝaiacuteᨱᕽ⇽ၽ⧕ ⧥ქ
Ntildeෝەᨱ⇵a⦹໕ᕽಽๅᰆᯕ۹ᨕԍ ⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᨱᨩŁ ᨱ۵⦥ญ⦡ݡʑᨦᮝಽᖑ ᨱ۵➉ᜅऽʑᨦᮝಽ۵Ⅹಽ⦥ญ
⦡ᵝᰆᨱᔢᰆᨩ -ROOLEHH۵⧥ქNtildeᜅ❭iacute⊹ ❱ๅ⦹۵ǎ➉ᜅ
ऽ⥥₉ᯕಽ ⩥ᰍ⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱๅᰆŝ➉ᜅऽ᮹ᅙŁᰆǎە
⧉ᨱๅᰆ እ⧕ᦥᦥᵲᨱ᮹ๅᰆaḡŁ -ROOLEHH۵➉ᜅ
ऽᰆᨱᕽ⦽ǎᨱߑญᦥa໕⦥ญ⦡ᨱ۵-ROOLEHHaŁ⧁ᱶಽ⦥ญ⦡
ԕᨱᕽɡಽჭቭऽᯙๆձऽ)ampෝญ໑⪶Ł⦽⊹ෝaḡŁ
⦥ญ⦡ᨱNtildeᵝ⦹໑᮹-ROOLEHHๅᰆ ᬕ⦹Ł-HDQQH 0HQJXLWRᄁԉŝ⥥௲
ᜅᯙ⪝ᩕ۵ᵲၹǎᯙᄁԉᮝಽȡǎ⦹ᩡݡ ᄁԉĞᱽaɪᖒᰆ
⦹Łᰆᯕႊ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽᔍᨦ ᔾb⦹iacute e᮹ᰆᔍෝษ⊹Ł
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
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ǎ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕಽᕽ۵ᮝಽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹iacute ᄁԉษᜅ
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ᖅพ⦹ŁᅙĊᱢᮝಽᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ ⧩ ⪙⊹ၝԕๅᰆ ಽ⪶
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⇽⦹ᩡŁɝᨱ۵vᔝb βḡᩎᮝಽʭḡᔍᨦᩎ ⪶ᰆ⦹Ł ⩥
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ᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡḡอəᅕ iacuteᨕ ߑญᦥ )ampᨱእ⧕ๅᰆᙹӹᖒ
ŝ۵ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᱡ⦽ᯕ ᯕ۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡᩡ⩥ḡ❭թ᮹ɩษ
ᩎపŝ᮹ḡaᇡ⧩ʑভᮝಽ -ROOLEHHaᇡḢᱲᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹໕ᕽቭऽ
ᯙḡ ᦥḡŁɪᗮಽᖒᰆ⦹Ł -ROOLEHH۵⩥ᰍ⊹ᰆ᮹⧥ქNtildeᰆ᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽ⇵ᱶ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆߑ۵ ᇥ⦹Ł۵)ampߑญᦥෝᱽ⦹໕ ᨦℕಽ
ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᔩᰆ ⦹Ł۵aumlᮝಽa ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHaᦥḡᩎၰᵲ
ḡᩎᨱᕽNtildeࢱŁ۵ᙹ᮹aᄁԉᮝಽᇡӹ᪅۵aumlᮝಽಅḡŁ
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ᱥ⧩ ḡᖁᱶ᮹Ğᬑ⪙⊹ၝԕᨱๅᰆᯕḲᵲʕ⦹ӹɩಆ᮹ᱽ⦽ᮝಽᯥ₉ഭa
ᮡԕᵲᝍḡᅕ۵ᵲᝍḡᨱᕽᗭਉᨕḥŞḡᩎ ᵝḡಽᖁᱶ⧩ อŞḡᩎᨱ⊹⦽ᇩญ⧉ ɚᅖ⦹ʑ⧕6DLJRQ ampRRS0DUWzᮡݡ⩶ᙹ⟝ษԕᨱ
ๅᰆ ᖅ⦹۵ ᱥఖ ⅅ ᱱ⦽ v ᔝb β ḡᩎ᮹ Ğᬑ Ŕ ࢱ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
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JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
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ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
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ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
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➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
ᯥɁ ᬱ ʡᱶ ⧕ḥ⇽ǎԕ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹Ḣᖒᨱš⦽ᩑǍᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğšಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭
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⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
⊹ ᜅ❭iacute ₥ᙹ⥥ᮝಽ)amp ߑญᦥᅕ ⪵⧩ᮝ໑ aĊ ߑญᦥ)ampᨱእ⧕ ᱶ ᱡಕ⦹iacute₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥᯕŁ᮹
ḡ⦹໕ᕽᇡᇥᱢ⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦽ၹ໕ -ROOLEHH۵ᄁԉᯙ᮹š ໕ၡᇥᕾ⦹
ᩍ⩥ḡ⪵⩥ḡᯙ᮹≉⨆ᨱ฿۵ەෝၽ⦹ᩡ -ROOLEHHa⦥ญ⦡ԕᨱᕽๆձ
ऽĞᰢᨱᕽᬑෝᱱ⦽ᯕ ၵಽ⦥ญ⦡ᔍ௭ ᨱ฿۵ەၽᨱᨩ ⦥ญ⦡ŝᄁԉᯙᯕࢱaᵲᝍᵝ᮹ᖒ⨆ᯕᦥaŝ⧉ບ۵auml ᳬᦥ⦹Łᵝᯕᝡᯙᱱ qᦩ⧕ᄁԉ≉⨆᮹ᝡەၽᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ෝ໕ ə௹እ
JUDYŁʑᗭᜅݡᝁᨱᄁԉᯙᯕᳬᦥ⦹۵ݍ⦽⋁ญᗭᜅෝᔍᬊ⦹Ł₥ᔱऽ
᳡⇵a⦹Ł ₥₥ᙹ⥥aĢᩍᲙӹ᪅۵ampRP DᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑ
ෝᨚᮡ ၽ⦹ᩡ۵ߑᯕ۵ە⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHHᨱᕽaᰆᯙʑ۵aumlᮝಽᱥℕๅ
⇽᮹ෝ₉ḡ⦹Ł ᨦᬱ᮹⩥ḡ⪵⇵ḥ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍ-ROOLEHH۵ๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱᕽᯝᖁᨦᬱᨱᯕʑʭḡ
ࢱᄁԉᯙᮝಽ₥ᬊ⦹ᩍŁ~ŝ᮹ᗭ ᬱ⪽⦹iacute⦹۵⦽⊽ၡq ᩡ
ᰍ ᮹ᮂaݡḡŁʑ۵ᄁԉᇡᇥ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍ⊹ᮡ)ampᗭ᮹amp39LHWQDPݡ
Ŗᨦℕ9LVVDQ₥۵6DLJRQ FRRS0DUWಽᇡݍၼŁŁᯝᇡℕᖅ ᅕ⦹Ł
ษᜅෝ⪽ᬊ⦽Ł~⊖᮹ᱡᄡ⪶ݡ
-ROOLEHH۵ βŁ~⊖ ᖙᖙ᮹ᱫᮡ⊖ ᱢᮝಽ⧕ᮝӹ ᇡ۵⧁ಽ
⧪ᔍෝʑ⫮⦹۵ ᨕฑᯕᨱiacuteʭḡմ⩡aŁ )ampaᨦᯙ⧁ऽᔭᜅ᮹
ᯙ⦽ ᬤ᮹ ⧁ᦥქḡෝ ษᜅಽ ԕᖙᬑ໕ᕽ ᔍ௭ᨱiacute ⊽ᙺ aaॐᯕ ॐᯕ
-ROOLEHH ๅᰆᱶᨱСჭ ᮹ᯙ⪵⦽ษᜅෝԕᖙᬑŁๅᰆšၰᝅԕᔪᔢ
Сჭ᮹ᔪᔢᯙዉeᔪŝיᔪ ᵝಽ⦹໕ᕽᨕฑᯕෝ⧉⦽a Ł~ ĉՆ
⦹Ł
ᱢɚᱢษᱥఖ
-ROOLEHH۵əᦩᱡǍᱥZRUG RI PRXWKษŝๅᰆษᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⧕ᯕ۵-ROOLEHH᮹ቭऽᯕḡӹḡᖹ ᅝভ79ŲŁᱥ ษᨱᯕᱥ⪽ᬊᯕ
እᬊᨱእ⧕ŝaəญḡᦫŁᅕᦹʑভᯕ ᨕ₉⦝)amp᮹79ŲŁᨱ᮹⧕
➉ᜅऽ᮹ᯕḡaᄁԉᯙ ᔍᯕᨱᕽɮᱶᱢᮝಽbᯙŁŁ➉ᜅऽ۵
ᄁԉᱫᮡᯕᔍᯕᨱᕽ⧪ჩḡŁʑভᨱəᮡǔᯕ79ŲŁෝᅕḡ
ᦫ ᵝᯕ໕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᱱ⧕۵ᙝ⦲ᖝӹ႒⪵ᱱᮝಽಅ۵aumlᯕ əӹ-ROOLEHH۵ᬵᇡᗭɚᱢŲŁษᱥఖᨱᕽჸᨕӹᦥᦥḡᩎษ
ᨱvᱱᯕ۵ษŲŁʑ⫮ᔍDWHV ᔍĥŁᄁԉḥ⇽⪶ݡෝ⇵ḥ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⧩ ḡŁʑᜅෝĢᯙ⊹ญᯕᜅᖙᇩḽญ➉ၡญᖙ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⥭FH ampUHDP )ORDW❭ᯕᦥऽ3LH D OD 0RGH⨆ a⦽qʡ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿⇹ᝁᱽ ⇽⦹ŁᮝಽℕĥᱢᯙŲŁ⪮ᅕෝŖĊᱢᮝಽᱥ
⦽đŝ -ROOLEHH۵ ᄁԉԕᨱᕽቭऽᯙḡᯕḡaᦥᲭŁࢱญ
ᙹ᮹ᖒᰆශ ʑಾ⦹iacuteᨩ -ampᩑ₉ᅕŁᕽ
ᝅ➉ᯙᱶၰḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
-ROOLEHHa)ampߑญᦥ᮹ŖĊᱢษ⪽ᗮᨱᕽ ᔕᦥԉiacuteaumlᮡษᜅ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⦽Ⅹʑḥ⇽᮹ᝅ➉ෝԪᱶ⦹iacuteᯙᱶ⦹Ł ᇡḢℕᱽಽ᮹ᱥ⪹
⦹ᩍŖĊᱢ⪶ᰆᱥఖ ᖙᬕaumlᯕᵝ⦽aumlᮝಽa -ROOLEHH۵እƱᱢ⧊ญᱢᯙa
Ċ᮹a⩶౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᕽ)ampߑญᦥ۵₉ᄥ⪵ەಽᯕḡෝḡ⦹໑ᄁ
ԉ➉ᜅऽᨦĥ᮹ෝḡ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ
ḥ⇽ŝᱶ
ߑญᦥ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᮡᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥaԉᦥᰆ ಽᄁ
ԉᰆ ᔍ⦹໕ᕽ᯲ᨩ ᰆᖒၰݚᖒᔍ⧊᯲⫭ᔍᖅพ ⦽⩥ḡ❭
թᖁᱶ ᩍᨱUgrave⊽ŝᱶ Ntildeℱᯝᅙߑญᦥ۵ ᬵᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ
⨩aෝၼŁ ə⧕ᬵᯝᅙߑญᦥᯝᅙ6RMLW]⦽ǎߑญᦥ əญŁᄁԉ7KLHQ1KDQᔍ⧉ ⧊᯲ಽᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩡ ᯕᨕ)ampᅕ ݍiacute ᬵ⪙
⊹ၝᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ౪ᜅ⪙ᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡ⧥ქNtildezᮡ➉ᜅऽaᇩḡᩡᄁԉ
ᨱᮝಽๆձऽӹქNtildeᯕᦥܭߑญᦥa⧥ქNtildeෝᖁᅕᯙaumlᯕ ᬵ⪙ᱱ ampRRS 0DUW 1ampᱱ ᖅ⦹ᩡŁ ᬵ ᬵᨱ⪙ᱱᯙampRRS 0DUW amp+ᱱ
⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱə⧕ᩑᨱ⪙ᱱᯙ0D[L0DUW 7+ᱱ ᱱ⦹ᩍ⪙⊹ၝᨱ᮹ๅᰆ ᬕ⦹iacuteᨩ Ⅹʑᨦᮡ➉ᜅऽᨱݡ⦽ᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᯙᯕ
ԏᮡߑaᯝၹᕽၝᯕᔍບʑᨱ۵aĊᯕᦥๅᬑᇡḥ ໕⊹⦹ᩡ ᕽᯝᅙ
ߑญᦥ۵ ቭऽ ᯙḡ ᱽŁ ၰ ➉ᜅऽ ญʑ ᱡᄡ ᨱݡ⪶ ᵝಆ⦹ᩡ
Ⅹᯝᅙߑญᦥaᬕ⦹ᄁԉჶᯙ ⦽ǎߑญᦥaᯙᙹ⦹໕ᕽᄁԉ
ḥ⇽ᯕᅙĊ⪵ᨩᄁԉĞᱽaᩑ᮹Łᖒᰆ Ǎa⦹Łᄁԉᱶᇡaǎᯙ
⊹⪽ᖒ⪵ᨱӹᕽ໕ᕽŖĊᱢᯙĞ᮹⦥ᖒᯕݡᨩ ᯝᅙߑญᦥᨱ᮹⧕
ʑᅙᱢᯙᜅᯕӹᱽ wsumᲙᨩḡอᔍᨦ⪶ݡෝ⧕⩥ḡᰆᨱݡ⦽ᱡ
⦽ᔍᇥᕾᯕ⦥⧩ ญᕽ⊹ᱥʑš᮹ᬡ ၼᦹḡอᨨᅕ ḢᱲᅕŁ⪶
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
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ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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- 요약
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ᯙ⦹۵᯲ᨦ ᵲ⦹ᩡ ๅᰆႊ Ł~ ᖅᔍෝᝅ⦹Ł⦽ݡᔢᮝಽᱽᨱݡŁ~᮹ၹ᮲aacuteၹ⦹ᩍߑญᦥቭऽၰᱽᨱݡ⦽ᔩಽᬕḡᖹᱶพ
⧩ಆי ๅᰆᙹෝಽ۹ಙŁ
əญŁ ᬵ⩥ᰍ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ
᮹ๅᰆ Ḣᱲᬕ⦹۵ŖĊᱢᱥఖᱥ⦹Ł ᯕzᮡᰆᖁᱱᱥఖᨱᨕߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆ )ampᇥ⦹
໕ᕽəᦩ᮹ᱢᨱᕽჸᨕӹᗱᯖᇥʑᱱᨱݍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ḡ
ᯕḡෝ⪶Ł⦹iacuteḥߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉ᮹Ł⦺ಆᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵Ḣᰆᮝಽ᪅
Ł
ᵝᖒŖᯙ
Ḣ ⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ
Ḣ ⦽ŝq⦽ᰆᖁᱱᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩡ ⅩʑᯝᅙߑญᦥaŁᱥ⦹Ł
ᖒญᦥ۵ᄁԉᰆ᮹ᰁᰍಆŝᖒᰆaߑ⦽ǎݚ ⦽ᯕa⦹Łŝq
ෝq⧪⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥḡᇥ ࢱᯙᙹ⦹ᩍĞǭ⪶ᅕ⦽अᄁԉ⧊᯲ᖁḡ
ᇥษᱡࢱๅ⦹ᩍ ǎᯙʑᨦᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡⅩʑᱢᨱ
ᇩǍ⦹Łᰆᖁᱱ ⧕ḡᗮᱢᮝಽෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍๅᰆ ۹ಅӹu
⥥ญᨥቭऽಽᕽ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ
)amp᮹Ğᰢ Łಅߑญᦥෝᵲᱡa᮹➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙ
⦹iacuteቭऽḡᖹᱥఖᱥ⦹ᩡ ᯝᅙߑญᦥಽᇡĞǭ ⫮ा⦽
⦽ǎߑญᦥ۵ᬑᖁ⫭ᔍ᮹ampᖁ ⧕ቭऽᯕḡෝᔩiacute⦹ᩡ ๅᰆ᮹ᝅԕ
ॵᯙ Łɪ⪵⦹ᩍᝁᖙݡqb᮹⋕⟹⩶ᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹ᩡŁᱽ᮹ḩŝᕽእᜅෝ
ᩍӹqŝᨱʑᨦၰᱽ⪮ᅕෝ⧕ቭऽᯙḡ ⪶ᔑၰᱽŁᨱᵝಆ⦹ᩡ ๅ
ᰆ᮹⊹Ł~᮹šᝍ ҭŁቭऽᯙḡෝᯕʑ⧕Ḳ~ŝaᮡ⪙⊹ၝ
ԕᵲᝍḡ᮹ᜅ⪙ᨱ⪙ᱱ ԩŁəअಽᵝಽԕᵲᝍḡᙝ⦲ษ ᵝᔢ
ǭ ᵝಽๅᰆ ⪶ᰆ⧩ŝq⦽⪮ᅕษᱥఖ ᱥ⦹ᩍḥ⇽Ⅹʑ᮹ᝁ Ų
ŁๅᰆԕᜅŲŁᦥၵᯕᔾ ⦽Ǎᱥŝ᮹ᗭɚᱢ⪮ᅕᨱᕽӹᦥa
Ṓᖁၽݡ⫭ ⪮ᅕ⧪ᔍෝ⦹Ł᪆ŲŁქᜅᱶඹᗭŲŁ⧕ቭऽෝಙ
ᮝ໑ɝᨱ۵79ŲŁ 33ŲŁෝ⦹Ł əđŝ⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕᨱᕽ۵ߑญ
ᦥෝ۵ᔍ௭ᯕᨧ ᱶಽᮡቭऽᯙḡෝiacuteᨩŁߑญᦥ۵Łɪ౩
ᜅ௲ᮝಽᯙŁ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
໕ŝݚ ᱽ⦽ǎᵲᗭʑᨦ⦺⫭ᄅĞᩑǍ ᯥݍ⪙ᔍ᪆ᔢ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦ᮹ݡᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙᨱš⦽ᩑǍᱽŝ
ᱽዖšಉ⦽ǎ อʑᨦݡ ᔢᮝಽݡ ∊ᇢݡ⦺ƱᔑᨦĞᩑǍᗭ ᔑᨦŝĞ
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- 요약
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⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵
ᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖ ₥⦹ᩡ ⩥ḡᯙᨱ฿aumlzᮡ⦽ǎە᮹Ğᬑၹऽ
⩥ḡᯙݡᔢᮝಽᔍᱥᜅෝNtildeℱ⩥ḡەᨱ⦹ᩡ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩ
ە ⩥ḡᯙ᮹ᨱ฿iacuteەෝၽ⦹ᩡ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ ᔢᮝಽݡ
⦽ᝡ ⧉᮹Ğᬑ۵aᯕە ভ⧥ქNtilde⊹ Łʑෝʑၹᮝಽ⦽ەෝᝌ
ᨕ⦹۵Ǎᖒᬱ ⧕ၽ⦽aumlᯕ ⧌❭ᯕ⊹ ⦽ǎᨱ۵ᨧḡอ⩥ḡᯙ᮹
Łಅ⧕ၽ⦹ᩡ ು⦽ǎەᔢݚᨩ۵ߑ⦽ǎᨱᕽᯙʑෝҩᇩŁʑ
ქNtildeෝእ⦹ᩍօᯕ ᦥᯕᜅฝ⊹ᜅ ᙹ օᯕ۵⦽ǎߑญ
ᦥŁ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᮝಽɝᄁԉᯙ᮹ᦥᯕᜅฝᖁ⪙⩥ᔢ ၹ ᖁᅕᯙaumlᮝಽ
ๅᬑᯙʑෝҭŁ ᄁԉᨱᕽᇡ⦽ᰍෝᯕᬊ⦽ە ၽ⦹ᩍᄁԉ᮹
ᇡ⦽ᔩᬑෝᯕᬊ⦽ᔩᬑქNtilde⩥ḡ₥ෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ᔱऽ⩥ḡŝᯝ ⪽ᬊ⦽ŝᯝ⋖
ᯝŝᦥᯕᜅฝ ⧊⊽ॵᱡᯙ⪹ḡ⊁᮹ᝁᱽ⇽ෝ⧕ᗭእ᮹ᖁ᮹
մ⩵
ᱡ⦽ᔾᦩᱥšญ ᱽ᮹ᔾၰšญᨱᱡෝʑ⧩ ʑᅙᱢᮝಽaᰆᇱክভෝᱽ⦹Ł۵Ł~
ᵝ ⧥ქNtildeෝอᨩŁaᰆᇱክভ❵ญḡᦫᮡᱽᮡࢱʑᇥ⧩۵ߑᯕ۵
ᄁԉ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ᔍᯕᨱᕽᔢݚ⦽ǍᱥŝෝaᲙ ➉⧥ქNtildeᬊŁʑ᮹ḩ
ḡၰᬱaᱩq₉ᬱᨱᕽ ᬵ⪙⊹ၝᯙɝᨱℕ➉ᔾᔑŖᰆ ᖙᭁ q۵ǎᔑᗭᜅ⊹۵⦽ǎᨱᕽݍ⦹Ł
₦᮹ᵡ⪵ၰᱢᱩ⦽aĊᱶە
aĊŝەෝᵡ⪵⦹ᩡ ᬑᖁḥ⇽Ⅹʑḡᩎᄥᔢǭᄥಽᔢᯕ⧩aĊŝەෝ
ᯝ⦹ᩍ ḡᩎᨱᕽᯝ⦽aĊŝەෝḡ⦹ᩡ aĊ₦ᱶ໕ᨱᕽ۵ᄁԉᯙ
᮹ᗭाᙹ χ )amp -ROOLEHH Ğᰢᨦℕ᮹aĊߑญᦥ᮹ቭऽḡᖵ Łಅ⦹
ᩍ₦ᱶ⦹ᩡ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH ᔍeەaᗭᔢᯕ⦹ᩍᙹእƱ۵ᨕಖḡ
อ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ᮹aĊᮡ⥥ญᨥ౩ᜅ௲᮹ᯕḡḡෝ⧕)ampእ⦹Ntildeӹ
eᱡಕ⦹Ł -ROOLEHHᅕ۵ᔢݚᮡᙹᵡᯕ
⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡၰƱᮂಉv⪵ ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ŁƱᮂಉ⦹ݡ⪶ v⪵⦹ᩡ ⩥ᰍߑญᦥ۵bᇡᄥ
ᰆ ⦹Ł۵⦽ǎᯙ ᱽ⦹໕ࢱᄁԉᯙᱶȽḢᮝಽǍᖒŁๅᰆԕᨱᕽᦥၵᯕᔾ Łᬊ⦹Ł ๅᰆԕŁ~᮲۵ݡᄁԉᯙᯕ⦹Ł
ߑญᦥ۵ᱱ₉ᄁԉᯙᯕ⩥ḡĞ โಾ⇵ḥ⦹Łᮝ໑ᰆɪ᮹ᵲḢ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
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ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
₦ᨱᄁԉᯙ ᱱḥᱢᮝಽ႑⊹⦹ᩍǢɚᱢᮝಽ⩥ḡᯙĞℕᱽಽᱥ⪹⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ⩥ḡᨦᬱ ⦽ǎᮝಽᇩ ᩍๅᰆ᮲ݡƱᮂᕽእᜅƱᮂ ᱶʑᱢᮝಽᱽŖ⦹
Ł ᄁԉᅙᔍԕᨱ౩ᯕ ᖝෝࢱᨕๅᰆๅܩᱡᨱݡ⦽Ʊᮂ ᬵ
ᩍ⧪⦹ŁŁᯕŝᱶ Ntildeℱእಽᗭ⩥ᰆᨱ⦹໑ๅᰆᖅⅩʑᨱ۵Ğ⨹
Ⅹᅕෝzᯕɝ⦹iacute⧉ᮝಽ ᱽၽᔾᗭḡෝᗭ⪵⦹Ł ᇡᄁԉ᮹
⩥ḡݡ⦺ᔾᝁ Ŗ₥⦽अ ᬵᦩ⦽ǎᨱᕽᩑᙹෝŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ ⩥ḡ
ᯙᯕ⦹ಾ⧩ ⦽ǎᯙḢᬱᯕqᔍ⪽ ⧁Ğᬑ⩥ḡ₥ᬊᯙᯕʑᇥӹ⧁ᙹ
۵ᱱ qᦩ⩥ḡᯙqᔍᯙಆ ᮂᖒ⦹Ł
⦽ඹ᮹⪽ᬊ
⦽ඹ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖᨱʑᩍ⦽aumlᮝಽa ߑญᦥḥ⇽ݚᄁԉᨱ
ᕽ⦽ඹaᇩʑ᯲⧩ ᮹a⩶ ᱽᯕቭ᮹ aumlݡᰆɩ⨩ χ⦹ᬑᜅᮡᄁԉ
ᔍ௭ᨱiacuteᯙʑෝiacuteᨩŁ⦽ඹaᄁԉᔍ௭᮹ᗭእ➉ᨱ⨆ ᵝᨩ
⪙⊹ၝ⦹יᯕ ʙNtildeญᨱᕽ۵⦽ǎ႑ᬑ᮹⩅ᨕᜅᯝ⪵ᰆᚁ᮹ᔢݡ ⦹Łܩ
۵ᱫᮡᯕ ᛞiacuteᅝᙹŁᔝᖒ RFNܩʑᨦቭऽᐱอᦥݡ RFN
ᵲᗭʑᨦቭऽəญŁ RWWHULD 7RXV HV -RXUV 4 ᇥᨱʭḡմiacuteᯙʑa
⪶ᔑŁ KWWSYHQYQQHZVGHWDLOWDELGQHZVLGVHR7KHRUHDQDYHLQ9LHWQDP
ᝅᱽಽ ᬵ6XSHUEUDQGVaᔍ⦽ᄁԉǎၝᯕᖁ⪙⦹۵ݡቭऽᵲᨱᔝ
ᖒᯕ aෝ₉ḡ⦽ၵ
ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉᮹Ğ⨹ၰƱ
ᄁԉߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖ႑Ğᨱ۵ḥ⇽ݚᵝĞᰢᔍᯙๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽ
ჭቭऽᯕᄁԉᰆᨱᇡᰍ⧩ᨩŁᦥᬙ ߑญᦥ᮹ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᨱᕽƱ
ᨩŁ ᅝᙹ ᩍ᮹ᔍᱥᔍᵡእʑe Ntildeℱ ᬵ⦽ᵲ⧊᯲ෝ
⧕ ᬵᵲǎᇢĞᨱ⪙ᱱ ԙߑญᦥ۵microᨵญ剋崤嘤para۵ᵲǎᯕ
ᮝಽᄡĞ⦹Ł⦽ඹෝ⪽ᬊ⦽ษ⪽ ⧕ḥ⇽᯲ᇢĞᨱอ᮹ๅᰆ ᩍ
۵ ᵲǎᱥᩎᨱๅᰆ ᩕᨩᮝӹ ᬵᙹ⦹ʑᨱᯕౡ ᝅ➉᮹aᰆ
ᯙᮡๅᰆḡᖁᱶᨱᕽᝅᙹaᨩŁ ᯕ ᵲǎᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ๆձऽქNtilde ɡಽჭቭऽ᮹Ğᰢᨱᕽ₉ᄥᱢᯕḡෝᅕᩍᵝḡ⧩ᮝ໑ᵲǎᗭእŝaᱱᵝ᮹Ǎ⩥ḡ⪵ᨱᗭ⪡⦽₥⦽ǎᨱᕽ᮹Ğ⨹ ᵲ
ǎᨱᱢᬊ⦹ಅ⧩Ł ⩥ḡḢᬱšญၰᔾℎđ ๅᰆšญaᇡᝅ⧩ʑভᮝಽᇥ
ᕾ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢəӹߑญᦥ۵ᄁԉᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᱢḥ⇽Ğ⨹ŝŝNtilde᮹
ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝၵᮝಽᵲǎᰆᨱᱥ⦹Ł ᯕჩᨱ۵ᵲǎ⩥ḡᨦℕ᮹⧊᯲
ᯕᦥܭ ჶᯙ ᖙᬭ ᬵᯝᇢĞŁ᮹ᵲᝍaᯙḶ瞆抗劐
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
Ntildeญᨱᖙᬭḥߑᯙᯥ႒⪵ᱱḡ⦹⊖ᨱߑญᦥๅᰆ ᱶᮝಽᩕᨩŁ⩥ᰍᇢĞ
ᨱอෝ⧉ᵲǎᨱ᮹ๅᰆߑญᦥᨵᱽญթᜅෝᬕ⦹Ł
⨆ᱥၰŝᱽ
ߑญᦥ۵⦽ǎᨱᕽŖɪ⦹۵ᰍ᮹⩥ḡݍ ⧕⩥ḡŖᰆOtildeᖅ ⧕
ᬱaᱩq⇵ḥ⧁ĥ⫮ᯕ ߑญᦥቭऽaᱶ₊ᨩŁᅕŁḢℕᱽᇩᨕ
ᄁԉ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ⧕ᄁԉᱶᇡಽᇡ⨩aෝ≉ा⧕ᮡᔢ ə
ӹĞᰢᨦℕᯙ)ampaᩍᱥḢℕᱽෝḡ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵ษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡ᮹
ᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢᮝಽᱥ⪹⦹Ł۵ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽߑญᦥaቭऽᯕḡෝᗱᔢ
ḡᦫŁ⧁ᙹ۵ɩᩍಆaḥᱢĊ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡෝၽǕ⦹۵aumlᮡŝᱽಽԉ
ᦥ ᯕ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦᯕᱶ₊ĥᨱ۵⦽ǎԕᨱᕽ šญaᨕಅᬕ⥥
₉ᯕḡෝ⥥₉ᯕ ᯕᩍᱥᔾᗭ⦽ᄁԉᨱᕽ⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡᨱݡ⧕ᱡ
šญ⧁ᙹḡ۵᮹ᯕ⦹ā ߑญᦥ۵⩥ḡᗭእᨙುᨱᕽቭऽᬱᔑḡෝᯝᅙ⦽ǎŝ⪝ᬊ⦹Ntildeӹ⪝⦹
۵Ğᬑaฯᦥቭऽᱶℕᖒ ⪶ᝅ⪶พ⧁⦥ᖒᯕᰍ⦽
ḡɩʭḡ۵)amp۵ݎ βەಽ⦹Łߑญᦥ۵⧥ქNtildeෝ βەಽ⦹໕ᕽᔍ
ᝅᔢḢᱲᱢᯙĞᰢᔢ⫊ᯕᦥܩᨩᮝӹๆձऽქNtilde᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕⅩᯞʑᨱᨕ
a໕ᕽᯕŝ᮹ḢᱲĞᰢᨱᕽᨕਜiacuteݡ᮲⦹۱Աaaᰆŝᱽಽᇡᔢ⦹ā
Ⳗđು
ၰᔍᱱ
ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽ⥥₉ᯕ ᰆᮡəᦩUgraveฝᯕᨩჶᱽaእŁĞᱽ᮹
ၽᱥᨱෙǍๅಆa⪵᮹ḡᗮ᮹ᕽǍ⪵ݚ⪵᮹ɪᗮ⦽ᱥ⪹ᮝ
ಽɪᗮᖒᰆ⧁aumlᮝಽᱥ Ntilde᮹zᮡʑᨱᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦽)amp ߑญᦥ-ROOLEHH۵Ŗᱢᯙᯙŝ⧉ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ษᱥఖ ⧕ᖒŖᱢᮝಽᄁ
ԉᰆᨱᐭญෝԕญŁ
ŖᱢᯙᖒŖᯙᮝಽℌṙᖁၽᵝᯕᱱILUVW PRYHU DGYDQWDJH᮹ݡ⦽⪽ᬊ
ᙹ )ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHࢱእ⦽ʑᨱᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽⦹ᩍ₉ᨧ
ᨩ➉ᜅऽᰆ อᨕa۵ᔢ⫊ᯕᨩŁᯕ⦽ᔢ⫊ ᬊ⦹ᩍb᮹⪾⦽ݡ
Ł᮹ᯕḡෝ⦹Łᯕ໕ᕽᰆ ӹu⧔ݡ⪶ ᔢaOtildeᯕᇡ⦽ᄁ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
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ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
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ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
ԉᨱᕽᳬᮡᔢǭᯕ⩶ᖒŔ ᖁᱱ⧉ᮝಽ ၽᵝ᮹ḥ ŝᱢᮝಽčᱽ⧩ ṙŝ⦺ᱢᰆᔍෝ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ෝࢹ ᙹ ᬑᖁ)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHHᖙŔ
ࢱᄁԉ᮹ݚ⪵ෝၹ ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢ⦹Łℎđ⦽ᝅԕŁɪᜅᬕᝅԕᰆəญŁᨦᬱᵝ ᕽእᜅෝ⧕➉ᜅऽᱱᯕᦥܭŁɪ⋱౩ᜅ௲ᮝಽᬕ
⦹ᩍᯙʑෝҭŁ ᙹ ⩥ḡᯙ≉⨆᮹ەෝᱢɚᱢᮝಽၽ⦹ᩡ
ᖙŔࢱᝡ ෝ⧩Łە ߑญᦥ᮹ᇩŁʑქNtilde )amp᮹ ᱽ ԁݎ-ROOLEHH᮹ampRP JDᝡᨱǍᬕݎŁʑෝᨚᮡ b᮹Łەෝ⩥ḡ⪵⦹ᩍᄁ
ԉᯙ᮹ ᔍಽᰂŁ⩥ḡᯙ₥ᬊ⪶ݡ⦹ᩍᄁԉᗭእŝ᮹ᗭၰ
⊽ၡෝᱽŁ⦹Ł⩥ḡᯙᨱđᱶǭ⦽ ŝqᯥ⦹ᩍĞ᮹⩥ḡ⪵ෝ⇵ḥ⦹Ł ᖬṙᱡ⦽ᔾšญᯕ ℎđ⦹Łᱢ⦽ๅᰆᔢෝ⧎ᔢḡ⦹Łᄁԉ᮹ᇩđ
⦽ʙNtildeญ⪵ᨱݡiacuteᰍ᮹ᝁᖁᔾšญᨱᱡ⧉ᮝಽ micro➉ᜅ
ऽ ℎđ⦽paraᯕ۵ bᯙ ṙᖁḢ aᱥఖ ᙹ ᰆ⩶ᖒⅩʑ᮹ᯕḡǍ⇶⧕⨹ᇡݕ
ᯕ۵⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡḲ ḡ⦹ŁḢ ๅᰆᬕ⧕ᯕḡෝᩍӹu Ⅹʑᨱษᜅ⥥₉ᯕḡႊ ⦽-ROOLEHH᮹Ğᬑᝅ➉ෝᯙᱶ⦹ŁḢℕᱽಽᱥ
⪹⦹ᩡ ᖐṙෙӹᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉Ğ⨹ ᄅ⊹ษ⦹ᩡ อᨱᕽ᮹ᝅݡ⪮۵amp(
➉ෝƱᔝᦥᵲǎᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝᄁԉᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᖒŖ Ntildeࢱ
Ł ߑญᦥ۵ᵲǎḥ⇽ᝅ➉ᔍಡෝNtildeᬙᔝᦥᄁԉ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ŖĊᱢๅᰆ⪶ݡ
ၰᱡ⦽⩥ḡ⪵ᱥఖᮝಽᖒŖ NtildeࢱŁ b᮹ᖒᨱ฿۵ᱥఖǍᔍ⦹ᩍ )amp۵ʑᨦ᮹ᔍ⫭ᱢ₦ᯥamp65⪽ᨱᱢɚӹ
ᕽ໕ᕽɡಽჭʑᨦᮝಽᕽ᮹ᯕḡෝᯕŁᮝ໑ߑญᦥ۵⦽ඹ᮹ᯕḡෝᱢɚ
⪽ᬊ⦹ŁŁ -ROOLEHH۵aᵲᝍᵝ᮹౩ᜅ௲᮹ᔩv⦹໕ᕽᄁԉᗭእ
ᨱiacuteaaŁ ⦽ᯕ ᔍ᮹ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱶᨱᕽᬑญʑᨦᯕ᮹⧕⧁ᱱᮡ-ROOLEHH᮹ᔍಡ
ಽ-ROOLEHH᮹Ⅹʑᄁԉḥ⇽ᯕᅙᔍ᮹⊹ၡ⦽ᔍᱥᰆᔍᔍᨦ❭թᖁᱶ
⧕ᯕᨕḥaumlᯕᦥܩšᝍ ᅕᯙᄁԉ⩥ḡ❭թእಾ⦥ญ⦡ᨱᕽ -ROOLEHHᬕ
Ğ⨹ᯕḡอ᮹ᵝᨱ᮹⦽aumlᯕᨩŁđŝᱢᮝಽ-ROOLEHHaᱽᯝຝᱡᄁԉᨱḥ⇽⦹
ᩡᨱ ᇩǍ⦹ŁᅙᔍaḢᱲᵝ⦹ᩍḥ⇽⧩)ampߑญᦥᨱእ⧕ᩕᖙᨱ⦽ᬱ
ᯙᯕᨩ۵aumlᯕ ᯕ۵ᬑญᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacuteᙹᱢ⧕ḥ⇽ ᱽ᮹šᝍᨱ᮹⦽⧕ḥ⇽᮹⨹ᖒᨱݡ⧕ᵝ᮹ෝ⪹ʑ ᵲᗭ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᮡ
ฯᮡ⧕ḥ⇽ʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יᨕ ǎԕᨱᕽᩕญ۵⥥₉ᯕᱥ⫭ᨱᕽšᝍ
ᅕᯕ۵⩥ḡᯙǎԕᨱᕽ⥥₉ᯕĞ⨹ᯕ۵ᔍ௭ᯕ⧕ಽᯕᵝ⦹ᩍšᝍᅕᯕ۵
Ğᬑᯙ ⦽ᱲɝ ᩍ aḡʑ⫭ᨱ⇽יŁ 6LPSNLQ ᱽ۵⊹ၡ
⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕĞᩑǍᱽ⪙
⦽ᔍᱥᔍŝᱶ Ntilde⊹ḡᦫŁᔢݡႊ᮹ŝഭอŁ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦǭ ᇡᩍ⧁
Ğᬑᝅ➉᮹⪶ශᯕḥ۵aumlᯕ
ᝅᱢᖒŝ13ᩑǍ᮹⦽ĥၰ⨆ᩑǍႊ⨆
ᅙᩑǍ۵ᝅᱢšᱱᨱᕽᄁԉᰆᨱḥ⇽ ⦹۵ᬑญ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱiacute
ᯕ ᄁԉᰆᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦹Ł۵⦽ǎǎၰ⦥ญ⦡ʑᨦ᮹ᖒŖᯙ
⇽ᇥᕾၰᱽෝ⧕⨆ᄁԉḥ⇽ŝᱢᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹۵auml ಽ⦹ᩡ ᄁԉᨱᖒŖᱢᮝಽḥ⇽⦽ʑᨦᮡᵲǎ ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᖒŖᝅ➉ᔍಡᄅ⊹ษ
⦹ᩍ⊹ၡ⦽ᱥఖ Ǎᔍ⦹Łʑভᨱᝁǎḥ⇽᮹ߙಽᕽ∊ᇥ⦽ᩎ⧁ ⧁
aumlᮝಽʑݡ ᄁԉ᮹⥥₉ᯕᰆᮡⅩʑĥಽǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦಽᕽᄁԉԕᨱᕽᖒ
Ŗ⦽aumlᮝಽa۵ʑᨦᯕᔍᝅᔢ➉ᜅऽᇥಽᱽ⦽Łḥ⇽ᩎᔍaṈ
ᅕܩᔍಡݡᔢʑᨦᖁᱶᨱ⦽ĥaᨩ ᕽᄁԉḥ⇽ᩎᔍa ᯕᔢᯕ
)ampߑญᦥ -ROOLEHH Ŕ᮹ᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ۵ߑ əӹᦥᛞiacute ᯕ ࢱ⩥ᰍḢ
ᱱ⩶ಽᬕ⦹Łᨕᕽು⩥ḡ⥥₉ᯕḡaᱱḲᵡእᵲᯕʕ⦹ӹaᱱ ⧕ḥ⇽⦹ಅ۵ʑᨦ᮹ᰆᨱᕽᅕ໕ᦥᛍᬕᱱᯕ ᕽ⨆ᩑǍ۵➉
ᜅऽaᦥܭෙᨦᮝಽᔍಡᩑǍ᮹ჵෝ⪶ݡ⦹Łᄁԉԕᨱᕽaᱱ
ႊ ᖒŖ⦽⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᔍಡᩑǍa⦥⦹ ⧁aumlᯕ
ᱲᙹᯝם iacuteᱽ⪶ᱶᯝ
Gಐ㕼
ǭʑ⪹ၶᖎǭᰍ⩥ ⥥₉ᯕ ᔍᨦ᮹ǎᱽ⪵ᯙᨱš⦽ᔪᱢᵲᔍಡ
ᩑǍ⦽ǎᩎ⦺⫭ᩎ⦺⫭ḡ ʡʑ⩥ʡ⩥ᅖᵲǎḥ⇽⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ʑᨦᨱš⦽ᔍಡᇥᕾԉݡ⦺ƱᔑĞ
ᩑǍᗭᔑĞᩑǍ ʡᯖᙹᵲǎ⥥₉ᯕᔑᨦ᮹⪹Ğŝ⦽ǎʑᨦ᮹ḥᱥఖ⩥ݡᵲǎ⦺⫭ᵲݡ⩤
ǎᩑǍ ʡᵝ ᝍᰍ⥥₉ᯕ ⧕ḥ⇽ᩑǍᨱš⦽ᗭŁ ᔍ⦽ǎ⦺⫭ᱽ⫭Ğ
⥥₉ᯕ⧕ḥ⇽ᖒŖᯙ ᄁԉ➉ᜅऽᰆḥᔍಡ
šಉ⦺⫭⦹ĥ⧊⦺ᚁݡ⫭ӹݡᯕ₍⦽➉ᜅऽ⩶⥥₉ᯕ ౩ᜅ௲ǎḥ⇽ᖒᰆ ⦽ॵ
ᯙ⩶ʑⅩᩑǍ ǎᰆ᮹ᖒŖᔍಡෝᵲᝍᮝಽ⦽ǎʑⅩ⩶⦺⫭ʑⅩ⩶
⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᾪ⦹⦽ǎ⥥₉ᯕ ᔑᨦ᮹ᄁԉᰆḥ⇽ᱥఖᨱš⦽ᩑǍᕾᔍ⦺
ᕽᬙםOtildeǎݡ⦺Ʊݡ⦺ᬱᗱᔢჵݡอᨦ⥥₉ᯕ᮹ᵲǎᰆḥ⇽ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ⦽ǎǎᨕݡ⦺Ʊᵲ
ǎᩑǍᗭᵲǎᩑǍ ᦩŲ⪙ʡᰍ⦽ǎŲŁ⦺⫭ŲŁ⦺ᩑǍ ᪅ᖙ ʡᔢ aᰆǎᱢᯙ aᰆ⦽ǎᱢᯙᮝಽ ߑญᦥ᮹ᖒŖŝ
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