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Integrated Syllabus forMBBS Programme

Part 2

Edited by Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar

Waqar Al-Kubaisy Mahfoudh Abdulghani

Yuri Bobryshev

Integrated Syllabus for MBBS ProgrammePart2

Redhwan Ahmed Al-NaggarWaqar Al-Kubaisy

Mahfoudh AbdulghaniYuri Bobryshev

Integrated Syllabus for MBBS ProgrammePart2

Author: Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar, Waqar Al-Kubaisy, Mahfoudh Abdulghani, Yuri Bobryshev

Published by OMICS Group eBooks

731 Gull Ave, Foster City. CA 94404, USA

Copyright © 2014 OMICS GroupThis eBook/book chapter is an original creation of the editor(s)/author(s) and the medical experts (curriculum committee), it has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed or non peer-reviewed eBook/book chapter, it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, it has not been accepted for publication elsewhere, it does not infringe any copyright or any other third party rights, I/We have not assigned, licensed, or otherwise transferred any right or interest in the eBook/book chapter to anyone.eBook/book chapter contains nothing that is illegal, defamatory, or which would, if published, hinder the confidence given to secrecy.I/We have taken due care to ensure the integrity of the eBook/book chapter. All statements contained in the eBook/book chapter are true to the best of my/our knowledge and any formula or instruction will not cause any injury or damage to the user if used properly.Editor/Author has the right to share the content of his/her work with other researchers and to use the content for educational purposes.Editor/Author has the right to republish his/her own work in any publishing house without any charge but must ensure that the publication by OMICS Group eBooks is properly mentioned.Editor/Author may self-archive an author-created version of his/her contribution.Editor/Author has the right to re-use all or portions of his/her contribution elsewhere but cannot grant permissions to third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.

Notice:Statements and opinions expressed in the book are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

Cover OMICS Group Design team

First published March, 2014

Online edition of this book is available at www.esciencecentral.org/ebooks

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Preface

The aim of this work is to assist decision makers: Deans, curriculum coordinators, rectors of universities on how to develop integrated curriculum for medical schools in 5-year duration.

This book is based on experience of the more than 30 expertise in their fields throughout the world, and based on practical experiences of the authors and the contributing committee in academic teaching and assessing students’ performance, administration and curriculum designing.

Curriculum CommitteeNedal Awad Abed AlnawaisehPublic Health Department Chairman, Faculty of Medicine, Mu’tah University, Jordan

Mustafa AlabsiDirector, Duluth Medical Research Institute (DMRI), University of Minnesota School, USA

Mohamed Al-KureishiDeputy National Adviser of Mental Health- MOH, Iraq

Mohd TarawnehWonca EMR PresidentSuliman

Mohammad AL-AnieRiadh Fadhil

Sami SalmanMedical City Teaching HospitalMedical CollegeUniversity of Baghdad, Iraq

Batool Hassan AbdulrazakObstetrics & Gynecologist Al-Alwiyah Maternity Teaching Hospital

Adel Abu-Heija Obstetrics & Gynecologist, Mutah University, Jordan

Osama Hasan AlhasanyCatarac & Refractive surgeon

Dawood ThameryNahrain University, Nharain Medical College, Baghdad, Iraq

Omar Ali NafiHead of Pediatric Department, Collage of Medicine, Mutah University, Jordan

Dr. NajihHanyAnatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Jordan

Mahmood Hayawe Head of Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Jordan

Mohammed Chyad Al-NoaemiPhysiology Department, Nineveh Medical College, Mosul University, Iraq

Waleed EzzatPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Jordana

Zaki AbdulghanyAzizal Salim, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, JordanSabah Alubaidi Eqbal

Imad Aldeen Bashir FarjouFaculty of Pharmacy, MUTAH University, Jordan

Salim Muhi HassanFaculty of Pharmacy, MUTAH University, Jordan

About Author

Associate Professor Dr. Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar obtained his PhD in Community Medicine specialized in Epidemiology from the National University of Malaysia. Then he has obtained cancer prevention and control fellowship from USA. He is working in as Associate Professor of Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. He has published more than 200 original articles in refereed journals in more than a dozen journals, three books and produced more than 20 conference papers including international and national conferences. He is currently the Chief-editor of international Medical journals. Academic editor for PLOS ONE, SCIENCE DOMAIN international, British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science and others. Editorial board member for OMICS Group eBooks, Journal Community Medicine and Health Education, Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, Journal of Solid Tumors, Life science Global and others. Reviewer of local journals and international impact factor journal such as Asia Pacific journal of public Health, Journal of Peace, Gender and Development studies, Malaysian Journal of Medical Science, BMC Public Health, PLOS one, Vaccine Journal, BMC Research Notes, Journal of Solid Tumors, British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioral Science, BMC Women’s Health, Medical Journal of Malaysia and others. With a teaching experience of more than 13 years, he was appointed as a coordinator and Head of Community Medicine, Coordinator of research, and coordinator of Elective posting. Beside that supervise master and PhD students in Community Medicine Field.

Contents PageIntroduction 1Learning outcome 1Teaching Learning Methods 2Musculoskeletal System Module Guide 6Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System module Guide 9Cardiovascular System 12Respiratory System Module 15Gastrointestinal System module Guide 17Renal system module Guide 20Endocrine System module Guide 23Reproductive System 26Nervous system 29Ethics 32References 34

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Integrated Syllabus for MBBS Programme Part2

IntroductionIn this integrated components of Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Forensic medicine disciplines will be discussed. A

total of 10 modules are covered over a period of one academic year.The teaching and learning process of fundamentals module is well designed and provides a solid base in paramedical disciplines

to prepare students for clinical practice. A number of teaching and learning methods are used to achieve learning outcomes and required skills. While theory lectures provide a knowledge base, other student centered learning methods like seminars, tutorials, clinical cases study, directed studies, and computer assisted learning, expert lectures, interaction with faculty help students to acquire required skills. The students will have an opportunity to participate in co-curricular activities. In addition, this module also accommodates sufficient time for independent learning to get insight into recent updated and upgraded knowledge and new experiences.

The student’s progress will be monitored through continuous assessment that include quiz, tutorial, discussion, seminar, assignment and progress tests. A feedback session will also be conducted which allows lecturers to regularly and constructively comment on the student’s weakness and strength. The total assessment in the form of final theory and practical/skills examination will be done at the end of year.

Learning OutcomesKnowledge

Students at the end of Module should be able to:Describe the pathology and pathogenesis of cell injury, tumors and changes produced thereby in different tissues and organs.Describe the morphology and growth characteristics of microorganisms, sterilization techniques, basics of immunology, clinical immunology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and host-microorganisms interactions.Describe the pharmacokinetics, pharmaco-dynamics of drugs, pharmacology of neurotransmitters and autocoids, general principles of chemotherapy.Identify the basic, medico legal, ethical issues in hospital, general practice and community health services.

SkillsStudents at the end of Module will be able to:Observe safety measures and aseptic techniques to be taken in the laboratories and understand the histopathological & microbiological specimen collection, handling, processing and interpretation of the findings.Identify and characterize common infectious organisms by morphology, staining such as Gram staining and Acid Fast Bacilli staining and growth characteristics.Identify characteristics of dosage forms and interpret the effect of drugs on laboratory animals.Determine age and sex by bone, X-ray and physical examination and able to issue certificates of age, injury, sexual offences, alcoholic intoxication after the examination of the accused and victims.

AttitudeDevelop communication skills and etiquette, adhere to ethics, work in a team with a sense of responsibility.

IntegrationAt the end of this module, student shall be able to integrate and understand the fundamental concepts of pathology, pharmacology, microbiology, immunology and forensic medicine in health, disease, therapeutic uses and medico legal cases.

Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar1, Waqar Al-Kubaisy1, Mahfoudh Abdulghani2 and Yuri Bobryshev3

1Ph.D (Community Medicine) Consultant Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology MARA, Malaysia2Ph.D (Phramcology) Consultant pharmacologist, Pharmacology Department, Unaizah-Pharmacy, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia3Ph.D, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales and St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney Sydney 2052, NSW Australia

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Course ContentsTopics• Introduction to Pathology • Introduction to Pharmacology • Introduction to Microbiology • Introduction to Forensic Medicine • Principles of drug action • Bacteria structure, physiology, growth • Forensic Odontology • Cell Injury• Adverse reactions to drugs• Cell adaptation• Bacteria-Host interactions• Route of administration and drug interaction • Secondary characteristics of identification• Acute and chronic inflammation• Bacterial laboratory diagnosis• Legal importance –identification characteristics• Tissue healing and repair• Legal importance of Hair• Introduction to parasitology• Intracellular accumulation and calcification• Forensic odontology• Introduction to peripheral nervous system• Sympathetic NP• Shock, edema and infarction• Innate immunity• Thrombosis and embolism• DNA finger printing• Pharmacology of autacoids• Virus morphology• Neoplasia 3• Carcinogenesis• Histamine and antihistamines• Pharmacotherapy of pain• Antigen and antibodies• Sudden unexpected death• Complement• Classification of antimicrobial drugs 1 &2• General principle of chemotherapy 1• Sterilization • Antigen and antibody reaction • Poisoning – legal duties• Humeral and cell mediated immunity • Introduction to Mycology• Classification of anticancer drugs 1& 2• Medicolegal autopsy 2 • Transplantation immunology • General principle of chemotherapy 2

Teaching Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures• Seminar • Tutorial• SDL• Skill Lab Sessions • PracticalLecturesLecture is presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour by a lecturer.ObjectiveExplain and discuss the pathology and pathogenesis of cell injury, tumors and changes produced thereby in different tissues and organs.

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Explain and discuss the morphology and growth characteristics of microorganisms, sterilization techniques, basics of immunology, clinical immunology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and host-microorganisms interactions.Explain and discuss the pharmacokinetics, pharmaco-dynamics of drugs, pharmacology of neurotransmitters and autacoids, general principles of chemotherapy.Explain the basic, medico legal, ethical issues in hospital, general practice and community health services.MethodThe students are encouraged to read the subject beforehand. The list of topics is shown in appendix.Assessment: Attendance, progress test, semester and professional examinations.SeminarsObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Integrate the basic microbiology, pathology, pharmacology and forensic medicine.Knowledge in discussing and presenting the subjects / topicsAcquire good communication & presentation skills.Work in a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students & subdivided among them.Students are guided by the respective lecturersThey are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.Assessment: Attendance, log book/rubric, progress test, semester and professional examination.Tutorials/SGDObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Acquire independent learning.Deepen their critical thinking ability.Deepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics. Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the subjects beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students (1 hour session).The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer may/ may not provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.It is an interactive session that ends with conclusions followed by student feedback.Assessment: Attendance, progress test, semester and professional examinations.PracticalObjectivesUnderstand and follow the importance of safety measures and aseptic techniques to be taken in the laboratories and understand the histopathological & microbiological specimen collection, handling, processing and interpretation of the findings.Practice the skills involved in identification and characterization of the pathologic process and pathogens by studying morphology, staining such as Gram staining and Acid Fast Bacilli staining and growth characteristics.Understand and Identify characteristics of dosage forms and interpret the effect of drugs on laboratory animals.Practice and determine age and sex by bone, X-ray and physical examination. Students shall learn about issuance of certificates of age, injury, sexual offences, and alcoholic intoxication after the examination of the accused and victims.Method:The students will be exposed to the various laboratory diagnostic methods. The well equipped laboratories provide all necessary materials to perform the tests. They will also perform various hematological, microbiological, pharmaceutical and forensic medicine tests to acquire enough knowledge about the normal and disease process.Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Practical Record book, Semester and Professional Examination (OSPE).Self-Directed Learning (SDL)Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information and enhance their learning skill from various educational sources, e.g: Lab, Museums, and library.Improve their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning skillsMethod:Students are assigned a topic.

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The students are required to do further study on the topic independently by using available educational resources.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.Assessment: Attendance and End-of course assessment.

Directed Student Learning (DSL):It is a two hours session where students will be briefed a problem. Then students seek information from various resource facilities. At the end of session, the lecturer facilitates the discussion.

Course ContentsTopicsIntroduction to basic pathologyCell injury 1 (reversible)Cell injury 2 (irreversible)Cell adaptationAcute inflammation 1Acute inflammation 2Chronic inflammation & granulomatous inflammationHealing and regeneration Intracellular accumulation and calcificationHemodynamic disorders 1 (haemorrhage, congestion, oedema)Hemodynamic disorders 2 (Thrombosis, infarction, shock)Introduction to NeoplasiaNeoplasia 1Neoplasia 2CarcinogenesisIntroduction to MicrobiologyBacterial StructureBacterial geneticsBacteria-Host interactions, Bacteria -Lab. DiagnosisIntroduction to parasitologyParasite host interactionVirus morphologyImmune systemInnate immunityComplement , cytokinesAntigen – Antibody Antigen – Antibody reactionsSterilization Humoral & CMITransplantation immunology Introduction to mycologyIntroduction to pharmacologyBasic principles of drug actionAbsorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugsRoutes of drug administrationDose and responseDrugs interactionsSympathetic nervous system - sympathomimeticSympathetic nervous system -sympatholyticsParasympathetic - CholinergicsParasympathetic -Anticholinergics. Parasympathetic - Ganglion stimulants and blockersIntroduction to autocoidHistamine and antihistaminicsProstaglandins and pain pharmacologyClassification of antimicrobials 1Classification of antimicrobials 2General principles of chemotherapy1General principles of chemotherapy2Classification of anticancer drugs1Classification of anticancer drugs2Introduction to forensic medicine Primary characteristics of identification Secondary characteristics of identification Identification 3Identification 4Introduction to toxicology Thanatology 1 Thanatology 2

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Thanatology 3 Rigor mortis, cadaveric spasm, cold stiffening. Sudden unexpected deaths General toxicology1 (General aspects of poisoning) General toxicology 2Medicolegal autopsy 1Medicolegal autopsy 2Total

List of SeminarsTopics Transplantation immunologyEstimation time since deathHypersensitivity reaction – Integrated Autoimmune diseases – integrated Amyloidosis Atropine and organophosphorus poisons Integrated seminarTotal

List of TutorialsTopics General pathology aspects Mechanisms of cell injuryInfarction and ischemiaTypes of inflammationTumors Nomenclatures Benign and malignant tumorsImmune disordersCulture Media Laboratory diagnosisAntigen-Antibody reactions-1Antigen-antibody reactions-2DisinfectionApplied pharmacokinteicsDrug effect on pnsCorticosteroidsPrinciples of antimicrobial therapy Pharmacodynamics1Pharmacodynamics2Autopsy discussion-1Autopsy discussion-2Quiz 1Quiz 2Quiz 3Quiz 4

List of PracticalNo Practical Department1 Laboratory safety Microbiology2 Bacteria identification Microbiology3. Laboratory diagnosis –Serology Microbiology4 culture and sensitivity Microbiology5 Culture media Microbiology6 Staining – Gram’s Microbiology7 Pathology techniques Pathology8 Cell adaptation, necrosis, inflammation Pathology9 Intracellular accumulation Pathology10 Thrombosis, infarction, oedema Pathology11 Types of inflammation Pathology12 Shock Pathology13 Dosage form1 Pharmacology14 Dosage form2 Pharmacology15 Dosage form3 Pharmacology16 Case study 1 Pharmacology17 Case study 2 Pharmacology18 Case study 3 Pharmacology19 Determination of age from long bones Forensic Med

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20 Determination of age from skull, pelvis and mandible

Forensic Med

21 Determination of sex from skull, pelvis and mandible

Forensic Med

22 Dental examination Forensic Med23 Forensic radiology Forensic Med24 Autopsy techniques Forensic Med

Musculoskeletal System ModuleIntroduction

Welcome to the second year of MBBS. In this year, you will study an integrated system based approach with modules that incorporate pathology, microbiology, pharmacology and forensic medicine disciplines. A total of 12 modules are covered over a period of one academic year. Of these, musculoskeletal system module is taught in two weeks.

The teaching and learning process of musculoskeletal system module is well designed and provides a solid base in paramedical disciplines to prepare students for clinical practice. A number of teaching and learning methods are used to achieve learning outcomes and required skills. While theory lectures provide a knowledge base, other student centered learning methods like seminars, tutorials, clinical cases study, directed studies, and computer assisted learning, expert lectures, interaction with faculty help students to acquire required skills. The students will have an opportunity to participate in co-curricular activities. In addition, this module also accommodates sufficient time for independent learning to get insight into recent updated and upgraded knowledge and new experiences.

The student’s progress will be monitored through continuous assessment that include quizzes, tutorials, discussions, seminars, assignments and progress tests. A feedback session will also be conducted which allows lecturers to regularly and constructively comment on the student’s weakness and strength. The total assessment in the form of final theory and practical/skills examination will be done at the end of year.

Learning OutcomesKnowledge: At the end of the module, the MBBS students should be able toExplain and describe pathology and pathogenesis features of musculoskeletal system disorders.Describe the morphology, cultural characteristics, pathogenicity, immunity and laboratory diagnosis of pathogens of the musculoskeletal system.Explain the general principles, mechanism and side effects of drug used in commonly in musculoskeletal diseases.Discuss the age and sex determination from the bones and describe various injuries pertaining to medico legal cases.Skills: At the end of the module, the student shall be able toIdentify the abnormal pathological changes of musculoskeletal diseases.Identify and diagnose the pathogenic microorganisms.Perform tests to observe the action of drugs used in musculoskeletal diseases.Determine age and sex by physical examination of bone and X-ray.Attitude: At the end of the course, the students should be able to: Develop communication skills and etiquette, adhere to ethics, and work in a team with a sense of responsibility.Integration: At the end of this module, student shall be able to integrate the causes of disease to correlate clinical manifestations of diseases in the musculoskeletal system. The student shall understand diseases of national importance in relation to the clinical, therapeutic, and preventive and medico legal aspects.

List of Teaching• Muscle atrophy and myasthenia Gravis (1)• Staph and Strept diseases• Fracture of Skill, Fracture healing & Medico • Central skeletal muscle relaxants • Joint and bone infections(1)• Muscle atrophy and myasthenia Gravis (2)• Thermal Injuries• Joint and bone infections (2)• Drug used for muscle pain • Fracture of Skill, Fracture healing & Medico • Muscular dystrophies • Fire arm injuries• legal Importance• Joint and bone infections• Muscular dystrophies

Teaching Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures• Seminar

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• Tutorial• Practical/DSL• SDL/CALLectures: Lecture is presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour conducted by a lecturer.Objective: Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Understand the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, the pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious and non-infectious diseases in musculoskeletal system.Understand the concept of neoplasia with reference to the etiology, gross, and microscopic features, diagnosis and prognosis in musculoskeletal system.Understand the basic concepts of medico legal implications, diagnosis, conclude the cause, manner and time since death and principles of therapy of common poisons that results in injury/death in musculoskeletal system.Understand the general principles of drug action, drugs used in musculoskeletal system and the handling of drugs (Foresee, recognize, prevent and manage adverse drug effects).Method:The students are encouraged to read the subject beforehand.Assessment: Attendance, progress test, semester and professional examination.Seminar: Seminars are presented by the students in two hours.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Integrate their basic microbiology, pathology, pharmacology knowledge in presenting the assigned topic.Acquire good communication & presentation skills.Work in a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students & the topic is subdivided among them.Students are guided by the respective lecturers.They are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.Assessment: Attendance, LogbookTutorialTutorial is an interactive session conducted in one hourObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Deepen their critical thinking ability.Deepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics.Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the subjects beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students.The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer may/ may not provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.It is an interactive session that ends with conclusions followed by student’s feedback.Assessment: Attendance.Practical:It is a two hours session where the students will be allowed to perform experiment, demonstration, Observe in order to complement their theory knowledge.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Perform and interpret available microbiology and pathology diagnostic tests to diagnose diseases in gastrointestinal system.Process clinical specimens; interpret to identify/detect abnormal findings and pathogens,Interpret microbiology and Pathology slides under disease process.Prepare report of medico legal cases related gastrointestinal poisoning.Perform and observe pharmacology experiments of drug action and adverse reactionMethod:The students will be exposed to the various laboratory diagnostic methods.The well-equipped laboratories provide all necessary materials to perform the tests.They will perform various hematological, microbiological, pharmaceutical and forensic medicine tests to acquire enough knowledge about the gastrointestinal system in normal and disease process.Assessment: Attendance, Log book/ Practical Record book, Semester and Professional Examination.

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Self-Directed Learning (SDL)It is an hour session monitored by a lecturer/ peer.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information, Revise and enhance their learning skill from various educational sources, eg: Lab, museums, library.Improve their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning skills.Method:The students are required to do further study on the topic independently by using available educational resources.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.

List of lecturesNo TopicsPathology1 Metabolic diseases2 Infections of the bone and joints3 Bone tumors4 Muscle atrophy and myasthenia gravis5 Muscular dystrophiesMicrobiology6 Viral Infections7 Fungal infections8 Parasitic infections9 Bacterial infections10 Bone and Joint infectionsPharmacology11 Peripheral Skeletal muscle relaxants12 Central skeletal muscle Relaxants13 Local anesthetic drugs14 Drug used for muscle painForensic Medicine16 Medical Injuries17 Regional Injuries18 Thermal Injuries19 Fire arm injuries20 Fracture of Skill, Fracture healing &

Medico21 Legal Importance

List of TutorialsNo Topics Pharmacology1 Intramuscular Route of administrationMicrobiology2 Laboratory DiagnosisPathology3 Pathology of musculoskeletal system Forensic Medicine4 Fire arm injuries legal Importance

List of seminarsNo Topics Microbiology1 Osteomyelitis and ArthritisPathology3 Pathology of bone &jointsPharmacology4 Drugs affecting musculoskeletal systemForensic Medicine5 Fracture of Skill, Fracture healing & Medico

List of PracticalsNo TopicsMicrobiology1 Pus collection, handling, transport, and processingPathology

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2 Gross and Microscopic Histology of musculoskeletal tumours

Pharmacology3 Drugs Effect on musculoskeletal system Forensic Medicine4 Drugs Effect on musculoskeletal system

Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System ModuleIntroduction

Welcome to the Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System module. In this module of 3 weeks duration, we hope to provide you with the knowledge and skill that is very important for having a solid foundation and prepare the student for the subsequent clinical practice.

The teaching and learning process in this module is well designed and provides a solid base in paramedical disciplines to prepare students for clinical practice. A number of teaching and learning methods are used to achieve learning outcomes and required skills. While theory lectures provide a knowledge base, other student centered learning methods like seminars, tutorials, clinical cases study, directed studies, expert lectures, interaction with faculty help students to acquire required skills. The students will also have an opportunity to participate in co-curricular activities. In addition, this module also accommodates sufficient time for independent learning to get insight into recent updated and upgraded knowledge and new experiences.

The student’s progress will be monitored through continuous assessment that includes quiz, dsl, tutorial, seminar, assignment and progress tests. A feedback session will also be conducted which allows lecturers to regularly and constructively comment on the student’s weakness and strength. The total assessment in the form of final theory and practical/skills examination will be done at the end of year.

Learning OutcomesKnowledge: At the end of the module, the student shall be able to:Discuss the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, and laboratory diagnosis of commoninfectious diseases affecting haematopoietic and lymphatic system.Describe the gross and microscopic pathological changes (microscopy, hematology, and fluid analysis), clinico-pathological correlation, laboratory diagnosis of diseases and conceptsof pathological disorders in the haematopoietic and lymphatic system.Describe pharmacokinetic properties, mechanism of action, adverse effects, and therapeutic use of drugs affecting haematopoietic and lymphatic system.Skills: At the end of the module, the student shall be able to:Conductand/or interpret microbiological laboratory investigations (microscopy, staining, culture, sensitivity and serology) for the diagnosis of infectious diseases to aid/support in the clinical diagnosis of haematopoietic and lymphatic system disorders.Perform and/or interpret pathological changes (microscopy, hematology, and body fluid analysis), clinico-pathological correlation, and laboratory diagnosis to support / correlate infectious and non-infectious of diseases of hematopoietic and lymphatic system.Observe pharmacological activities of drug action, interaction and adverse reactions of drugs that are used for common ailments of hematopoietic and lymphatic system. Analyze and interpret case studies pertaining to this system.Observe, identify, diagnose, record, and prepare medico-legal reports/ certificates in cases of intoxication, poisoning, and sexual offences.Attitude: At the end of the module, the students should be able to adhere to medical ethics, and develop effective communication skills.Integration: At the end of this module, student shall be able to integrate the etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects of disease/condition of the hematopoietic and lymphatic system.

List of TopicsTopicsHaematopoiesis and pathological conditionsBacterial and Viral infections Haematinics and Erythropoietin, Fibrinolytics and Antifibrinolytics, Antiplatelet drugsForensic SerologyLeukemiasParasitic infections-1Antimicrobials and AntimalarialsBlood stainsLymphomasParasitic infections-2Coagulants and Anticoagulants, Anticancer agentsHemotoxins

Teaching Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures• Seminars• Tutorial

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• Practical’s/ DSL• SDLLectures: Lecture is a presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour by a lecturer.ObjectiveUpon delivery of lecture, the students should be able to:Understand the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious diseases affecting the hematopoietic and lymphatic system.Understand the pathological changes (microscopy, hematology, and fluid analysis), clinico-pathological correlation, laboratory diagnosis of diseases, clinico-pathological correlation, and laboratory diagnosis of diseases and concept of neoplasia in the hematopoietic and lymphatic system.Understand the general principles of drug action, drug composition and pharmacokinetic properties, mechanism of action, adverse effects, and therapeutic uses of drugs affecting hematopoietic and lymphatic system.Understand the medico legal implications, diagnosis, conclude the cause, manner and time since death and principles of therapy of common poisons affecting this system.Method: The students are encouraged to read the topic beforehand.Assessment: Attendance, progress tests, semester and professional exams.Seminars: Seminars are presented by the students which is for duration of 2 hours.Objectives:Upon completion of a seminar, the students should be able to:Integrate basic microbiological, pathological, pharmacological, and forensic sciences knowledge in presenting the assigned topic.Acquire good communication & presentation skills.Work in a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students & subdivided among them.Students are guided by the respective lecturers.They are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.Assessment: Attendance, log book/ rubric, progress test, semester and professional exams.Tutorials: This will be an interactive session of one hour duration.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Deepen their critical thinking ability.Deepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, have clarity on specific topics.Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the topic beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students.The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer will or will not provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.It is an interactive session which ends with conclusions followed by students’ feedback.Assessment: Attendance, progress tests, semester and professional examinations.Practicals: This will be a two hour session where the students will be given several case studies which will help them to interpret and will serve to complement their theoretical knowledge.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Perform and interpret available microbiological and pathological diagnostic tests to diagnose diseases of hematopoietic and lymphatic system.Process clinical specimens, interpret, identify /detect abnormal findings and pathogens.Interpret microbiology and pathology slides to make a diagnosis.Analyze and interpret case studies with respect to mechanism of action, adverse effects, drug interactions, and precautions etc.Prepare report of medico-legal cases related to hematopoietic and lymphatic system.Method: The students will be exposed to various cases affecting diseases and conditions. They will have to apply their theoretical knowledge to solving real cases and answer questions based on the case.Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Practical Record book, Semester and Professional Examinations.Self-Directed Learning: It is a one hour session monitored by a lecturer/peer.Objectives: Upon completion of this module, the students should be able to:Seek information, revise and enhance their learning skill from various educational sources eg: Museums, Laboratory, and Library etc.Improve their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning skills.

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Methods:The students are required to further study on the topic independently using available resources such as library, museums and online resources.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.Assessment: Attendance and Continuous Assessment.

Directed Student Learning (DSL):It is a two hour session where students will be briefed on a problem. Then students seek information from various resource facilities. At the end of session, the lecturer facilitates the discussion.

Course ContentsTopicsIntroduction to Hematopoiesis Anemia and its ClassificationsWBC disordersLeukemiaMultiple myeloma and LymphomasBleeding disordersBacterial infectionsSepticemiaAnthrax and PlagueParasitic infections-IParasitic infections-IIViral InfectionsAntimicrobials and Anticancer drugsAntimalarial drugsHaematinics and ErythropoietinCoagulants and anticoagulantsFibrinolytics and Antifibrinolytics, Antiplatelet drugsForensic serology Blood stains Forensic science lab HemotoxinsTotal

List of SeminarsTopics Blood grouping and blood component transfusionBleeding disordersSepticaemiaToxoplasmosisRickettsial DiseasesAntiviral drugsAntiamoebic drugs

List of TutorialsTopicsStem Cell TransplantMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)PancytopeniaEpstein Barr VirusGeneral Principles of ChemotherapyAnticancer drugs-leukemia and lymphomasAnticoagulants, Antiplatelet, FibrinolyticsDisputes in Paternity and Maternity Cases

List of PracticalsTopicsPathological slide demonstration for various types of AnaemiaPathological slide demonstration for various types of LeukaemiaPathological slide demonstration for Lymphoid organsBlood smear slide examination of BacteriaBlood smear slide examination of ProtozoaEffect of warfarin on blood clotting time and bleeding timeCase studies on Haematinics and ErythropoietinCase studies on Infectious DiseasesCase studies on CancersForensic Serology

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Cardiovascular System ModuleIntroduction

Welcome to the second year of MBBS. In this year, you will study an integrated system based approach with modules that incorporate Pathology, Microbiology, and Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine disciplines. A total of 12 modules are covered over a period of one academic year. Of these, Cardio-vascular system module is taught in four weeks.

The teaching and learning process of Cardio-vascular system module is well designed and provides a solid base in paramedical disciplines to prepare students for clinical practice. A number of teaching and learning methods are used to achieve learning outcomes and required skills. While theory lectures provide a knowledge base, other student centred learning methods like seminars, tutorials, clinical cases study, directed studies, and computer assisted learning, expert lectures, interaction with faculty help students to acquire required skills. The students will have an opportunity to participate in co-curricular activities. In addition, this module also accommodates sufficient time for independent learning to get insight into recent updated and upgraded knowledge and new experiences.

The student’s progress will be monitored through continuous assessment that includes quiz, tutorials, discussions, seminars, and progress tests. A feedback session will also be conducted which allows lecturers to regularly and constructively comment on the student’s weakness and strength. The total assessment in the form of final theory and practical/skills examination will be done at the end of year.

Learning Outcomes:Knowledge: At the end of this module, student shall be able to:Describe the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious diseases in the cardiovascular system.Describe the pathology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders.Describe the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of drugs affecting the cardiovascular system.Skills: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:Perform and interpret microbiology laboratory investigations (microscopy, staining, culture and sensitivity, serology), related to the cardiovascular system for the diagnosis of infectious diseases to aid / support the clinical diagnosis.Perform and interpret pathological changes (macroscopic and microscopic) for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders.Observe pharmacological actions of drugs affecting cardiovascular system in experimental animals. Justification of drugs used in cardiovascular disorders by giving case studies.Examine, identify, diagnose, record, proper handling of medico legal cases including poisoning, transport of specimens, & prepare reports/certificates in the medico-legal situations i.e., Injured patient, sexual offences, determination of age, Intoxicated patient, dying declaration.Attitude: Develop communication skills and etiquette, adhere to ethics, and work in a team with a sense of responsibility.IntegrationAt the end of this module, student shall be able to integrate the etiology, pathology and therapeutic aspects of the diseases in the cardiovascular system.

List of Teaching TopicsTopics• Atherosclerosis• Introduction to CVS drugs• Ca2 channel blockers• Death and types-1• Angina• Congenital heart• Rheumatic fever• Death and types-2• Antimicrobials• Aneurysm, tumours of CVS• Infective endocarditis• Ischemic heart diseases• Natural death• ACE inhibitors• CVS infection and treatment• Anti-hypertension• Thrombosis & MI • Shock• Vasodilators• Viral infections• Cardiac poison• Agriculture poisons

Teaching Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:

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• Lectures• Seminar • Tutorial• Practical• SDL/CAL• Clinical exposure/Communicable skillsLectures: Lecture is presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour by a lecturer.Objective: Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Understand the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, the pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious and non-infectious diseases in the cardiovascular system.Understand the concept of neoplasia with reference to the etiology, gross, and microscopic features, diagnosis and prognosis in the cardiovascular system.Understand the basic concepts of medico legal implications, diagnosis, conclude the cause, manner and time since death and principles of therapy of common poisons that results in injury/death in the cardiovascular system.Understand the general principles of drug action, drugs used in the cardiovascular system and the handling of drugs (Foresee, recognize, prevent and manage adverse drug effects) by the body.Method:The students are encouraged to read the subject beforehand. The list of topics is shown in the timetable.Assessment: attendance, progress test, examinationsIntegrated seminarsObjectives: Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Integrate their basic microbiology, pathology, pharmacology knowledge in presenting the assigned topic.Acquire good communication & presentation skills.Work in a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students & the topic is subdivided among them.Students are guided by the respective lecturers.They are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.Assessment: Attendance, Evaluation, logbookTutorialsObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Acquire independent learning.Deepen their critical thinking ability.Deepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics.Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the subjects beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students (1 hour session).The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer may/ may not provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.It is an interactive session that ends with conclusions followed by student feedback.Assessment: Attendance.

PracticalObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Know available microbiology and pathology diagnostic tests to diagnose diseases in the cardiovascular system.Understand how to process clinical specimens; interpret to identify/detect abnormal findings and pathogens.Interpret microbiology and Pathology slides under disease process.Describe and preparation of report of medico legal cases related cardiovascular poisoning.Perform pharmacology experiments of drug action and adverse reaction.Method:The students will be exposed to the various laboratory diagnostic methods. The well-equipped laboratories provide all necessary materials to perform the tests. They will also perform various hematological, microbiological, pharmaceutical and forensic medicine tests to acquire enough knowledge about the cardiovascular system in normal and disease process.Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Practical Record book, OSPE.

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Self-Directed LearningObjectives: Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information and enhance their learning skill from various educational sources, eg: Lab, Museums, and library.Improve their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning skills.Method:Students are assigned a topic or select a topic.The students are required to do further study on the topic independently by using available educational resources.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.Directed Student Learning (DSL):Topic is given to student to write Assignment. Time: 2 hours are given to submit Assignment.

Course ContentsTopics DisciplineAtherosclerosis PathologyIntroduction to CVS drugs PharmacologyCa2 channel blockers PharmacologyDeath and types-1 Forensic MedAngina PharmacologyCongenital heart PathologyRheumatic fever MicrobiologyDeath and types-2 Forensic MedAntimicrobials PharmacologyAneurysm, tumors of CVS PathologyInfective endocarditis MicrobiologyIschemic heart diseases PathologyNatural death Forensic MedACE inhibitors PharmacologyCVS infection and treatment PharmacologyAnti-hypertension PharmacologyThrombosis & MI PathologyShock PathologyVasodilators PharmacologyViral infections MicrobiologyCardiac poison Forensic MedAgriculture poisons Forensic Med

List of SeminarsNo Topics Discipline1. Integrated seminar (hypertension) Integrated2. Integrated seminar (septicemia) Integrated

List of TutorialNo Topics Discipline1. Heart failure Pathology2 Cases study Pathology3 HIV Microbiology4 Rheumatic fever Microbiology5 Drugs affecting CVS Pharmacology6 ACEI in HF Pharmacology7 Case study Forensic Med8 Sudden natural cardiac death Forensic Med

List of PracticalsNo Practical Discipline1. Blood culture Microbiology 2. ASLO Test Microbiology 3. Atherosclerosis and IHD. Cardiac tumors Pathology 4. Rheumatic fever , infective endocarditis, myocarditis and pericarditis Pathology 5. Case study on infective endocarditis and on congestive cardiac failure Pharmacology 6. Case study on hypertension Pharmacology 7. Cardiac poison 1 Forensic Med8. Cardiac poison 2 Forensic Med

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Respiratory System ModuleIntroduction

Welcome to the respiratory system module as one of second year of MBBS modules. In this module, you will study an integrated system based approach that incorporate Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Forensic medicine disciplines. The students will be provided the knowledge and skills that are very important for having a solid foundation in the second year MBBS program.

The respiratory module provides each student with the opportunity to enhance and complete his/her basic knowledge before starting the clinical phase. The respiratory system module is taught for 2 weeks duration.

Students’ progress will be monitored through continuous assessment. Students will also be required to give feedback about methods of teaching. At the end of module knowledge of students will be evaluated by setting for theory and practical final exams different tests.

Learning OutcomeKnowledge: At the end of the module, the student shall be able to:Discuss the gross and microscopic pathological changes, clinic-pathological correlation in the respiratory tract.Describe the etiology, modes of transmission, immunity, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious diseases in the respiratory system.Describe the general principles, Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions of drugs which are used in common disorders and infections of the respiratory system.Describe the death conditions caused by respiratory failure.Skills: At the end of the module, the student shall be able to:Perform the gross and microscopic pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation of respiratory System.Perform the various microbiological staining microbiology-slide related diagnostic tools in respiratory disorders.Perform various tests to observe the different inhalation delivery system used clinically for various drugs related to respiratory system. Interpret mechanism of action, adverse reactions and contraindications for drug in case study for respiratory system.Identify the manner, cause of death in cases of respiratory System failure.Attitude: Develop communication skills and etiquette, adhere to ethics, and work in a team with a sense of responsibility.Integration: At the end of the course, the students should be able to:Integrate the etiology, pathogeneses with therapeutic aspect of disease of the respiratory system.

Teaching and Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures• Seminars/debate• Tutorials• Practicals/DSL• SDL (Self Directed Learning)/CALLectures: Lecture is a presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour conducted by a lecturer.Objective:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Describe the gross and microscopic pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation, in the respiratory system.Explain the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious and non-infectious diseases affecting respiratory system.Discuss principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of different classes of drugs affecting respiratory system and clinical application related to these principles.Describe steps of management of medico legal implications, diagnosis, manner and time since death and principles of therapy of common causes affects respiratory system.Method:The students are encouraged to read the subject beforehand.Assessment: Attendance, progress tests end of semester and professional exams.

List of lecturesNo TopicsPathology1. COPD1 and Asthma2. COPD23. Acute lung injury 4. Pulmonary neoplasms5. Lung tumorPharmacology6. Drugs used for treatment of Asthma I7. Drugs used for cough8. Role of steroid on RS

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9. Antibiotics used in respiratory infection (upper)

10. Antibiotics used in respiratory infection (lower)

Microbiology11. Upper respiratory tract infections-I12. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections-I13. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections-IIForensic 14. Asphyxial deaths 115. Asphyxial deaths2Total

Seminars: Seminars are student’s presentation and they will be a two hour session.Objectives: Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Integrate basic microbiological, pathological, pharmacological and forensic knowledge based on seminars and presenting the subjects / topics.Acquire good communication & presentation skills.Work in a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students & subdivided among them.Students are guided by the respective lecturers.They are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.The list of topics is shown in Appendix B.Assessment: Attendance, continuous assessment.Tutorials: Tutorials are an interactive session conducted in one hour duration.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Deepen their critical thinking ability.Deepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking of; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics.Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the subject beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students.The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer will provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.Assessment: Attendance

List of TutorialNo Pathology1. Adult respiratory distress syndrome

Pharmacology2. Drugs affecting the respiratory system

Microbiology3. Fungal and parasitic infections

Forensic4. Sudden respiratory deaths

Practical: Practical are a two hour session where student well be allowed to performed an experiment in order to complement their theory knowledge. DSL is a two hours session where student will be briefed on a problem. They will seek information at various resources facilities. At end of the session the lecturer will discussed the problem with students.

Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Know available microbiology and pathology diagnostic tests to diagnose diseases in respiratory system.Interpret microbiology slides and identify different microorganism under respiratory system.Perform and observed the different advices used for respiratory drug administration.Observe postmortem cases related respiratory system failure.Work in a team.

Report the results of experiments performed.Method: The students will be exposed to the various available models at laboratories and will also perform various test / investigations / examinations available in the skills lab.Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Practical Record book, semester exam, professional exam.

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SDL (Self-Directed Learning)/CALObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information and enhance their examination skill from various educational sources, eg: Museums, Skill Lab.Improve their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning.Method:The students are allowed to do further study on the topic independently or in group by using available resources such as library, museums and online resources.The list of topic is shown in Appendix.Assessment: Attendance and End-of course assessment.

List of Topics1. Gross and Microscopic Histology of Respiratory System disorders Pathology2. Inhalation delivery system Pharmacology3. Acid Fast staining Microbiology4. Photographs of asphyxial deaths (drowning, hanging, strangulation) Forensic

Gastrointestinal System Module Introduction

Welcome to the second year of MBBS. In this year, you will study an integrated system based approach with modules that incorporate Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Forensic medicine disciplines. A total of 12 modules are covered over a period of one academic year. Of these, gastrointestinal system module is taught in four weeks.

The teaching and learning process of gastrointestinal system module is well designed and provides a solid base in paramedical disciplines to prepare students for clinical practice. A number of teaching and learning methods are used to achieve learning outcomes and required skills. While theory lectures provide a knowledge base, other student centred learning methods like seminars, tutorials, clinical cases study, directed studies, and computer assisted learning, expert lectures, interaction with faculty help students to acquire required skills. The students will have an opportunity to participate in co-curricular activities. In addition, this module also accommodates sufficient time for independent learning to get insight into recent updated and upgraded knowledge and new experiences.

The student’s progress will be monitored through continuous assessment that includes quiz, tutorials, discussions, seminars, and progress tests. A feedback session will also be conducted which allows lecturers to regularly and constructively comment on the student’s weakness and strength. The total assessment in the form of final theory and practical/skills examination will be done at the end of year.

Learning outcomesKnowledge: At the end of this module, student should be able to:Describe the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.Describe the gross and microscopic pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation, and laboratory diagnosis of diseases and concept of neoplasia in the gastrointestinal tract.Describe the general principles of drug action and the handling of drugs that are used in common ailments in gastrointestinal systemSkills: At the end of the course, the student should be able to:Conduct and/or interpret microbiology laboratory investigations (microscopy, staining, culture and sensitivity, serology), related to gastrointestinal system for the diagnosis of infectious diseases to aid / support the clinical diagnosis.Perform and/or interpret pathology (microscopy, hematology, body fluids analysis) for the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases to correlate with the clinical manifestations.Observe pharmacological activities of action, interaction and adverse reactions of drugs that are used for common ailments of gastrointestinal system. Observe experiments designed for study of effects of drugs, bioassay.Observe, identify, diagnose, record and prepare medico-legal reports/ certificates in intoxication, poisoning and sexual offence.AttitudeAt the end of module, the student shall be able to adhere to medical ethics, and develop effective communication skills.IntegrationAt the end of this module, student should be able to integrate theaetiology, pathologyand therapeutic aspects of the diseases in the gastro intestinal system.

List of TeachingTopics

Viral infections Pathology of Stomach, intestine Anti-peptic ulcer drugsNon-Metallic Poisoning

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Bacterial infectionsInflammatory bowel diseases, GIT tumorsDrugs in diarrhoeaMetallic poisoningParasitic infections- HeliminthsPathology of liver, Gall bladderAnti-Helminthic drugsPlant irritantsParasitic infections - ProtozoansGIT tumorsAnti-amoebic drugsFood poisoning

Teaching Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures• Seminar • Tutorial• Practical/DSL• SDL/CALLectures: Lecture is presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour conducted by a lecturer.ObjectiveUpon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Understand the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, the pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious and non-infectious diseases in gastrointestinal tract.Understand the concept of neoplasia with reference to the etiology, gross, and microscopic features, diagnosis and prognosis in gastrointestinal tract.Understand the basic concepts of medico legal implications, diagnosis, conclude the cause, manner and time since death and principles of therapy of common poisons that results in injury/death in gastrointestinal system.Understand the general principles of drug action, drugs used in gastrointestinal system and the handling of drugs (Foresee, recognize, prevent and manage adverse drug effects).Method:The students are encouraged to read the subject beforehand.Assessment: attendance, progress test, semester and professional examination.Seminar: Seminars are presented by the students in two hoursObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Integrate their basic microbiology, pathology, pharmacology and forensic medicine knowledge in presenting the assigned topic.Acquire good communication & presentation skillsWork in a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students & the topic is subdivided among them.Students are guided by the respective lecturers.They are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.Assessment: Attendance, log book/rubric, progress test, semester and professional examination.Tutorial: Tutorial is an interactive session conducted in one hourObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Deepen their critical thinking abilityDeepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics.Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the subjects beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students.The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer may/ may not provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.

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It is an interactive session that ends with conclusions followed by student’s feedback.Assessment: Attendance, progress test, semester and professional examination.Practical:It is a two hours session where the students will be allowed to perform experiment, demonstration, observe in order to complement their theory knowledge.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Perform and interpret available microbiology and pathology diagnostic tests to diagnose diseases in gastrointestinal system.Process clinical specimens; interpret to identify/detect abnormal findings and Pathogens.Interpret microbiology and Pathology slides under disease process.Prepare report of medico legal cases related gastrointestinal poisoning.Perform and observe pharmacology experiments of drug action and adverse reaction.Method:The students will be exposed to the various laboratory diagnostic methods.The well-equipped laboratories provide all necessary materials to perform the tests.They will perform various hematological, microbiological, pharmaceutical and forensic medicine tests to acquire enough knowledge about the gastrointestinal system in normal and disease process.Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Practical Record book, Semester and Professional Examination.Self-Directed Learning (SDL): It is an hour session monitored by a lecturer/ peer.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information, Revise and enhance their learning skill from various educational sources eg: Lab, museums, library.Improve their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning skillsMethod:The students are required to do further study on the topic independently by using available educational resources.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.Directed Student Learning (DSL): It is a two hours session where students will be briefed a problem. Then students seek information from various resource facilities. At the end of session, the lecturer facilitates the discussion.

Course ContentsTopicsGI internal injury Food poisoning/Plant irritantsMetallic Poisoning Non-metallic PoisoningViral infections -Hepatitis Viruses A,EViral infections -Hepatitis Viruses B,C,DBacterial infections-1Bacterial infections-2Bacterial infections-3Bacterial infections -4Parasitic infections –protozoa Parasitic infections- Heliminths-1Parasitic infections –Heliminths-2Parasitic infections – Heliminths 3 Parasitic infections – Heliminths 4Enteropathogen RotavirusOral pathologyPathology of oesophagus and stomachPathology of intestineTumors of GITInflammatory bowel diseases, Pathology of liver - CirrhosisPathology of gall bladder & pancreasAntipeptic ulcer drugs-1Antipeptic ulcer drugs-2Antidiarrhoeal drugsAntihelminthic drugs-1Antihelminthic drugs-2Anti-amoebic drugs

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List of SeminarsNo Topics1. Food poisoning2. GIT tumors3. Laboratory diagnosis of Diarrhoeal diseases4. Anti-parasitic drugs

List of TutorialsNo Topics1. Laboratory Diagnosis of Hepatitis2. Case studies- Peptic ulcer3. GIT intestinal obstruction4. Cases in GIT5. Colorectal cancer6. Summarization of drugs used in GIT7. Corrosive organic acid8. Hypothermia

Total

List of PracticalsNo Practical1. Microbiology spotters Microbiology2. Stool examination Microbiology3. Laboratory diagnosis–Serology Microbiology4. Stool culture and sensitivity Microbiology5. Pathology spotters-1 Pathology6. Pathology spotters - 2 Pathology7. Pathology spotters – 3 Pathology8. Pathology spotters – 4 Pathology9. Case study 1 Pharmacology10. Case study 2 Pharmacology11. Case Study 3 Pharmacology12. Case Study 4 Pharmacology13. Corrosive poisoning Forensic Med14. Plant irritants Forensic Med15. Animal irritants Forensic Med

Renal System ModuleIntroduction:

Welcome to the renal system module as one of the second year of MBBS modules. In this module, you will study an integrated system based approach that incorporate Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine disciplines. The students will be provided the knowledge and skills that are very important for having a solid foundation in the second year MBBS program.The renal system module provides each student with the opportunity to enhance and complete his/her basic knowledge before starting the clinical phase. The renal system module is taught for 2 weeks duration.

Learning OutcomeKnowledge: Upon completion of the renal module, the student should be able to:Discuss the causes, macroscopic, and microscopic pathological pictures of acquired and congenital diseases of the renal system such as infections, obstruction, renal calculi, tumors and other renal failure related disorders.Describe the etiology, modes of transmission and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious diseases in the renal system.Discuss the general principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs which are used in common disorders and infections of the renal system.Discuss the cases of death related to abortion and renal system failure.Skills: Upon completion of the module, the student should be able to:Perform the gross and microscopic pathological tests /investigations and clinico-pathological correlation of renal System.Perform the various microbiological tests, urinary culture &staining of slide related for diagnostic tools in renal disorders. Perform various tests to observe the action of various drugs related torenal system. Foresee, recognize, prevent and manage adverse drug reactions in renal system.Identify the manner and common causes of deaths by renal system failure and writing of medicolegal reports in the death cases.Attitude: Upon completion of the renalmodule, the student should be able to:Develop communication skills and etiquette with general sense of responsibilityTo be aware of importance of teamworkAdhere to medical ethics, duties, rights and legal responsibilities towards the patient, profession, society, state and humanity at large.

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Integration: Upon completion of the renal module, the students should be able to:Integrate etiology, pathogeneses with therapeutic as well as medico legal aspect of disease related to renal system.

List of TeachingsTopicsUpper UT InfectionDrugs acts on kidneyGeneral classes of antimicrobials in UTIsGlomerular diseases I Virginity & Pregnancy Loop DiureticsGlomerular disease IILower UT InfectionThiazide diureticsPotassium sparing and carbonic anhydrase inhibitorsAbortion & MTPQuinolone antimicrobialsRenal System TumorsGonococcus & Non Gonococcus urethritis Renal stone Tubulointerstitial diseases Anticancer drugs

Teaching and Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures• Seminars • Tutorials• Practicals /DSL/ Autopsy• SDL (Self Directed Learning) Lectures: Lecture is a presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour by a lecturer.ObjectiveUpon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Acquire basic knowledge and recognize the functions, mechanism of action of renal glomerular diseases.Describe the gross and microscopic pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation, in therenal system.Describe the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious and non-infectious diseases affecting renal system.Discuss drug composition and properties, toxicology, mechanism of action, therapy, medical applications of essential and drugs affecting r renal system.Describe the medico legal implications, cause of death in abortion & renal system.Method:The students are encouraged to read the subject and topic beforehand.Assessment: Attendance, progress tests, semester and professional examination.Seminars: Seminars are presented by the students in two hoursObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Prepare the presentation from several resources on integrated knowledge basis in microbiology, pathology, pharmacology and forensic topics in seminars and presenting the subjects / topics.Acquire good communication & presentation skills.Work in as a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students & subdivided among them.Students are guided & encouraged by the respective lecturers.They are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.Assessment: attendance, log book / rubric, press test, semester and professional examination.Tutorials: Tutorial is an interactive session conducted in one hour.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Deepen their critical thinking abilityDeepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics.

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Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the subjects beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students.The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer may/ may not provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.It is an interactive session that ends with conclusions followed by student’s feedback.Assessment: Attendance.Practical: It is a two hours session where the students will be allowed to perform experiment, demonstration, Observe in order to complement their theory knowledge.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Know available microbiology and pathology diagnostic tests to diagnose diseases in renal system.Interpret microbiological slides and identify different microorganism under renal system.Perform pharmacology experiments of drug action and adverse reactionInterpret and issue reports in medico legal cases related to abortion and renal system.Method:The students will be exposed to the various laboratory diagnostic methods. The well equipped laboratories provide all necessary materials to perform the tests. They will perform various microbiological, pharmaceutical and forensic medicine tests to acquire enough knowledge about the gastrointestinal system in normal and disease process.Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Practical Record book, Semester and Professional Examination.Self-Directed Learning (SDL): It is an hour session monitored by a lecturer/ peer.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information, Revise and enhance their learning skill from various educational sources, eg: Lab, museums, library.Improve their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning skills.Method:The students are required to do further study on the topic independently by using available educational resources.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.Directed Student Learning (DSL): It is a two hours session where students will be briefed a problem. Then students seek information from various resource facilities. At the end of session, the lecturer facilitates the discussion.

Course ContentsTopicsUpper UT InfectionDrugs acts on kidney General classes of antimicrobials in UTIsGlomerular diseases I Virginity & Pregnancy Loop DiureticsGlomerular disease IILower UT InfectionThiazide diureticsPotassium sparing and carbonic anhydrase inhibitorsAbortion & MTPQuinolone antimicrobialsRenal System TumorsGonococcus & Non Gonococcus urethritis Renal stone Tubulointerstitial diseases Anticancer drugs Total

List of SeminarsNo. Topic1 Uricosuric & their action on Gout2 Post streptococcal Glomeroneprities

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List of TutorialsNo. Topic1 Obstructive uropathy2 Case study on urinary tract infections3 Renal failure and use of erythropoietin4 Medico-legal Case Study

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List of PracticalsNo. Practical1 Morphological changes of renal disease the Macroscopic and microscopic findings2 Case study of drug treatment on renal conditions 3. Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections.4 Instruments used in criminal abortion, Medico legal certificates Certificate of potency / impotency.

Total

Endocrine System ModuleIntroduction

Welcome to the second year of MBBS. In this year, you will study an integrated system based approach with modules that incorporate Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Forensic medicine disciplines. 10 modules are covered over a period of one academic year. Of these, Fundamentals of basic medical sciences module is taught in seven weeks.

The teaching and learning process of fundamentals module is well designed and provides a solid base in paramedical disciplines to prepare students for clinical practice. A number of teaching and learning methods are used to achieve learning outcomes and required skills. While theory lectures provide a knowledge base, other student centered learning methods like seminars, tutorials, clinical cases study, directed studies, and computer assisted learning, expert lectures, interaction with faculty help students to acquire required skills. The students will have an opportunity to participate in co-curricular activities. In addition, this module also accommodates sufficient time for independent learning to get insight into recent updated and upgraded knowledge and new experiences.

The student’s progress will be monitored through continuous assessment that include quiz, tutorial, discussion, seminar, assignment and progress tests. A feedback session will also be conducted which allows lecturers to regularly and constructively comment on the student’s weakness and strength. The total assessment in the form of final theory and practical/skills examination will be done at the end of year.

Learning OutcomesKnowledge: MBBS student at the end of training will be able to:Describe the consequences of pathological changes in the endocrine organs disorders.Describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of essential and commonly used drugs in endocrine disordersState the infective microorganisms, which involve in endocrine disorders.Identify, examine and prepare report or certificate in endocrine legal cases / situations in accordance with lawSkillThe students should be aware of the common methods of collection of samples for hematological & bio-chemical investigations & anticoagulants to be used.The clinic-pathological exercise includes the physical & chemical examination of the blood, urine & the application of the tests in diagnosis of diseases.Plan and interpret laboratory investigations and histopathological findings for the diagnosis of endocrine diseases and to correlate the clinical manifestations with the etiological agent.Recognize adverse reactions and interactions of commonly used drugs and critically evaluate drug formulations.Know how to preserve and dispatch specimens in medico legal/post-mortem cases and other concerned materials to the appropriate government agencies for necessary examination.Attitude: Develop communication skills and etiquette, adhere to ethics and work in a team with a sense of responsibility.Integration: At the end of this module, student shall be able to integrate and understand the fundamental concepts of pathology, pharmacology, microbiology, immunology and forensic medicine in endocrine diseases, therapeutic uses and medico legal cases.

List for Teaching TopicsTopics• Pathology of Hypothalamus and Pituitary • Drug effecting on pituitary and hypothalamus • Pathology of thyroid gland • Thyroid and antithyroid drugs.• Viral infection affect endocrine organs• Pathology of thyroid gland • Impotence and its cause• Pathology of Parathyroid gland • Drugs used for phosphate metabolism,

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• Pathology of adrenal gland• Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Pathogenesis, pathology • Bacterial infection affect endocrine organs• Insulin and antihyperglycemic agent • Sterility and causes• Chemotherapy in Endocrines

Teaching Learning Methods (TLM)The curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures• Seminar • Tutorial• SDL• PracticalLectures:Lecture is presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour by a lecturer.ObjectiveUpon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Understand the principles of various diseases and disorders of endocrine glands.Understand the basics pathogenesis of various endocrine diseases.Understand the various laboratory investigations used to diagnose these diseases.Able to interpret the laboratory report which is required for starting the treatmentUnderstand the ‘Pharmacological topics’ taught by the lecturers.Understand basic principles of pharmacology.Understand the principles of various branches of Pharmacology in clinical practice.Understand the concept of identification, legal procedure, medical law, ethics, forensic pathology, sexual jurisprudence and toxicology.Method:The students are encouraged to read the subject beforehand. The list of topics is shown in appendixAssessment: Attendance, Final examination.Practical: It is a two hours session where the students will be allowed to perform experiment, demonstration, observe in order to complement their theory knowledge.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Identify the common instruments used in laboratory for common investigationsUnderstand the principles of diagnosing a slide with various differential diagnosisUnderstand the importance of identifying pathological gross appearance of various specimens in various diseasesImplications of fixed drug dose combinations and Critical evaluation of drug advertisement literature.Acquire the knowledge and understanding of autopsy reports.Method:The students will be given histological slide of a particular disease which will be explained in brief in the demonstration room through

demonstration microscope. A student is then allotted per microscope. They will see the slide & draw the same in their record books. A few pathological gross specimens on the same topic will be displayed; the students will go through the specimens. Along with the specimens &microscopic, the students are to play an active role in the various exercises assigned to them during practical under proper guidance of faculty.

The students are shown various types of weapons, wet specimens, photographs and poisons. Explanation is given about each specimen. They are then asked to draw diagrams or take pictures and write a brief description about each specimen in their record book.

The students are given a detailed lecture on the ossification of centre of various joints and the age of fusion of each. With the help of X-rays, the method estimating age from X-rays is explained. The students are then given X-rays and they are encouraged to determine the age from the X-rays.

Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Practical Record bookSeminars: Seminars are presented by the students in two hours.ObjectivesUpon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Integrate their basic anatomical, physiological and pathological knowledge in discussing and presenting the subjects / topicsAcquire good communication & presentation skillsWork in a team.MethodA timetable is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students & subdivided among them.

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Students are guided by the respective lecturers.They are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.Assessment: Attendance, Continuous assessment.Tutorials: Tutorial is an interactive session conducted in one hour.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Acquire good communication skillsDeepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics.Method:The students are required to read the topic beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students.The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer may provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.Assessment: AttendanceSelf-Directed Learning (SDL): It is an hour session monitored by lecturer/peer.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information and enhance their examination skill from various educational sources eg: Computer Lab, Museums, and Skill LabImprove their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning.Method:Students are assigned a topic.The students are required to do further research on the topic independently by using available educational resources & submit their written assignment in on schedule.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.Assessment: Attendance and End-of course assessmentDirected Students Learning DSL):It is a two hours session where students will be briefed a problem. Then students seek information from various resource facilities. At the end of session, the lecturer facilitates the discussion.

Course contentNo Topics1. Pathology of Hypothalamus and Pituitary 2. Drug effecting on pituitary and hypothalamus3. Pathology of thyroid gland 4. Viral infections affect the endocrines organs5. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs, Adrenocorticosteroids and their antagonists 6. Pathology of Parathyroid gland 7. Pathology of adrenal gland 8. Drugs affect phosphate metabolism9. Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Pathogenesis, pathology10. Bacterial infection affect Pituitary gland11. Insulin and antihyperglycemic agent 12. Impotence and its cause13. Sterility and causes14. Chemotherapy in Endocrines

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List of TutorialsNo Topic Department1 Pathology of pineal gland Pathology 2 Insulin and antihyperglycemic agent Pharmacology3 Microbial infection in DM Microbiology4 Forensic case study Forensic medicine

List of SeminarNo Topic Department1 Drugs affect Calcium metabolism and VIT D. Pharmacology2 Pheochromocytoma and neuroplastoma Pathology

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List of PracticalNo Practical Department1 Microbiology and laboratory skills in endocrines disorders Microbiology2 Gross and microscopic histopathology of endocrine system disorders Pathology3 Insulin and antidaibeitic effect on blood sugar Pharmacology4 Post mortem evidences related to endocrine disorders as cause of

death.Forensic Med

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Reproductive System ModuleIntroduction

Welcome to the second year of MBBS. In this year, you will study an integrated system based approach with modules that incorporate Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology, and Forensic Medicine disciplines.

The teaching and learning process of reproductive system module is well designed and provides a solid base in paramedical disciplines to prepare students for clinical practice. A number of teaching and learning methods are used to achieve learning outcomes and required skills. While theory lectures provide a knowledge base, other student centered learning methods like seminars, directed studies, and computer assisted learning. In addition, this module also accommodates sufficient time for independent learning (SDL) to get insight into recent updated and upgraded knowledge and new experiences.

The student’s progress will be monitored through continuous assessment that includes attitudes, seminars, progress tests and Practical/Log Book. A feedback session will also be conducted which allows lecturers to regularly and constructively comment on the student’s weakness and strength. The total assessment in the form of final theory and practical/skills examination will be done at the end of year.

Learning OutcomesKnowledge: At the end of this module, student shall be able to:Describe the gross and microscopic pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation, laboratory diagnosis of diseases, and concept of neoplasia in the male and female genital tract.Describe the aetiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious diseases in the Reproductive system.Describe the general principles of drug action and the handling of drugs that are used in common ailments in reproductive system.Describe the sexual offence in relation with the law of the land.Skills: At the end of the module, the student shall be able to:Perform and interpret pathological changes (gross and microscopic) related to the reproductive system disorders.Perform and interpret microbiology laboratory investigations (microscopy, staining, culture and sensitivity, serology), related to gastrointestinal system for the diagnosis of infectious diseases to aid / support the clinical diagnosis.Perform the various tests to observe the action of various drugs related to reproductive systemExamine, identify, diagnose, record, proper handling of medico legal cases including poisoning, transport of specimens, & prepare reports/certificates in the medico-legal situations i.e., Injured patient, sexual offences, determination of age, Intoxicated patient, dying declaration.Attitude; Develop communication skills and etiquette, adhere to ethics, and work in a team with a sense of responsibility.Integration: At the end of this module, students shall be able to integrate the etiology, pathology, and therapeutic aspects of diseases of the reproductive system.

List of TeachingTopics• Infanticide• Contraceptive Drugs• Pathology of Vulva, Vagina and Cervix• Ovulation Drugs• Pathology of Uterus• Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections• Sexual Offences (1)• Drugs Effect on Uterus• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)• Pathology of male reproductive system• Anticancer Drugs• Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections• Sudden Infant Distress Syndrome• Pathology of Breast (1)• Trophoplastic diseases• Contraceptive drugs and drugs used for menstrual pain• Examination of victim and accused of rape• Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections• Antifungal Drugs• Parasitic Sexually Transmitted Infections

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• Fungal Sexually Transmitted Infections• Pathology of Breast (2)• Sexual Offences (2)• Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections

Teaching Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures• Seminar / Debate• Tutorial• Practical / DSL • SDL/ CAL• Communication skillLectures: Lecture is presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour by a lecturer.ObjectiveUpon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Describe the concept of neoplasia with reference to the aetiology, gross, and microscopic features, diagnosis, and prognosis in genital tract.Describe the aetiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, the pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious and non-infectious diseases in genital tract.Discuss the general principles of drug action, drugs used in gastrointestinal system and the handling of drugs (Foresee, recognize, prevent and manage adverse drug effects) by the body.Describe the basic concepts of medico legal implications, diagnosis, conclude the cause, manner and time since death and principles of therapy of common poisons that results in injury/death in reproductive system.Method:The students are encouraged to read the subject beforehand. The list of topics is shown in appendix/timetable.Assessment: Attendance, progress tests, ends of semester, and professional examinations.Seminars: Seminars are presented by the students in two hours.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Integrate their basic, pathology, microbiology, pharmacology knowledge in discussing and presenting the assigned topics.Acquire good communication & presentation skills.Work in a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students &subdivided among them.Students are guided by the respective lecturersThey are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.List of seminar topics is given in the Appendix- BAssessment: Attendance, logbookTutorials: Tutorial is an interactive session conducted in one hour.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Deepen their critical thinking ability.Deepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics.Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the subjects beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students (1 hour session).The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer may/ may not provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.It is an interactive session that ends with conclusions followed by student feedback.List of topics is given in the Appendix – C.Assessment: Attendance.Practical: It is a two hours session where the students will be allowed to perform experiment, demonstration, Observe in order to complement their theory knowledge.

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Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Describe how to process clinical specimens, interpret to identify/detect abnormal findings and pathogens.Describe and interpret available microbiology and pathology diagnostic tests to diagnose diseases in reproductive system.Perform/observe pharmacology experiments of drug action and adverse reaction.Identify, record, proper handling of medico legal cases including transport of specimens & prepare reports/certificates in the medico-legal situationsMethod:The students will be exposed to the various laboratory diagnostic methods. The well-equipped laboratories provide all necessary materials to perform the tests. They will also perform various haematological, microbiological, pharmaceutical and forensic medicine tests to acquire enough knowledge about the gastrointestinal system in normal and disease process.Practicals: List of practicals is given in the Appendix-C.Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Practical Record book, Semester and Professional Examination.Self-Directed Learning (SDL): It is an hour session monitored by a lecturer/ peer.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information and enhance their learning skill from various educational sources eg: Lab, Museums, library.Improve their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning skills.Method:The students are required to do further study on the topic independently by using available educational resources.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.Directed Student Learning (DSL): It is a two hours session where students will be briefed a problem. Then students seek information from various resource facilities. At the end of session, the lecturer facilitates the discussion.

Course ContentsNo Topics1 Infanticide2 Contraceptive Drugs3 Pathology of Vulva, Vagina and Cervix4 Ovulation Drugs5 Pathology of Uterus6 Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections7 Sexual offences (1)8 Drugs Effect on Uterus9 Pathology of male reproductive system10 Anticancer Drugs11 Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections12 Pathology of Breast (1)13 Antifungal Drugs14 Parasitic and Fungal Sexually Transmitted Infection15 Pathology of Breast (2)16 Sexual offences (2)

List of seminarsNo Topics 1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)2 Sudden Infant Distress Syndrome

Total

List of TutorialsNo Topics 1 Trophoplastic diseases2 Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections3 Contraceptive drugs and drugs used for menstrual pain4 Examination of victim and accused of rape

List of PracticalNo Topics Department1 Gross and microscopic histology of reproductive system disorders Pathology2 Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections Microbiology3 Case problem study Pharmacology4 Case study (sexual offence) Forensic Med

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Nervous System ModuleIntroduction:

Welcome to the nervous system module as one of the second year of MBBS modules. In this module, you will study an integrated system based approach that incorporate Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine disciplines. The students will be provided the knowledge and skills that are very important for having a solid foundation in the second year MBBS program.

The nervous system module provides each student with the opportunity to enhance and complete his/her basic knowledge before starting the clinical phase. The renal system module is taught for 3 weeks duration.

Learning OutcomeKnowledge: Upon completion of the renal module, the student should be able to:Discuss the causes, macroscopic, and microscopic pathological pictures of acquired and congenital diseases of the nervous system such as infections, obstruction, renal calculi, tumors and other renal failure related disorders.Describe the etiology, modes of transmission and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious diseases in the nervous system.Discuss the general principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs which are used in common disorders and infections of the nervous system.Discuss the cases of death related to psychiatry, nervous system and drugs of abuse.Skills: Upon completion of the module, the student should be able to:Perform the gross and microscopic pathological tests /investigations and clinico-pathological correlation of nervous System.Perform the various microbiological tests, urinary culture &staining of slide related for diagnostic tools in nervous disorders.Perform various tests to observe the action of various drugs related to nervous system. Foresee, recognize, prevent and manage adverse drug reactions in nervous system.Identify the manner and common causes of deaths in nervous system and writing of medicolegal reports in the death cases.Attitude: Upon completion of the renal module, the student should be able to:Develop communication skills and etiquette with general sense of responsibilityTo be aware of importance of teamworkAdhere to medical ethics, duties, rights and legal responsibilities towards the patient, profession, society, state and humanity at large. Integration: Upon completion of the nervous system module, the students should be able to:Integrate etiology, pathogeneses with therapeutic and medico-legal aspect of disease related to nervous system.

List of TeachingsTopics• Introduction to Nervous system module• Bacterial infections 1• Sedatives & Hypnotics• Cerebral oedema ,Hydrocephalus & Herniation• Neurodegenerative diseases• Bacterial infections 2• Anti depressants1• CNS Depressants• Forensic Psychiatry 1• Cerebrovascular Diseases 1• Antidepressants 2• Anti-Alzheimer’s drugs• Prion Diseases• Cerebrovascular diseases 2• Viral infections 1• Anti-Parkinsonian drugs• CNS Neoplasms• Antipsychotics 1• Forensic Psychiatry 2• Antipsychotics 2• Fungal diseases• Parasitic diseases• Opioid analgesics• Viral infections 2• General Anaesthetics• Antiepileptic

Teaching and Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of medical sciences through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures

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• Seminars • Tutorials• Practicals /DSL/ Autopsy• SDL (Self Directed Learning)Lectures: Lecture is a presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour by a lecturer.ObjectiveUpon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Acquire basic knowledge and recognize the functions, mechanism of action of Nervous system diseases.Describe the gross and microscopic pathological changes, clinico-pathological correlation, in thenervous system.Describe the etiology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, immunity, and laboratory diagnosis of common infectious and non-infectious diseases affecting nervous system.Discuss drug composition and properties, toxicology, mechanism of action, therapy, medical applications of essential and drugs affecting nervous system.Describe the medico legal implications, cause of death in various nerve & cerebrovascular injuriesMethod:The students are encouraged to read the subject and topic beforehand.Assessment: Attendance, progress tests, semester and professional examination.Seminars: Seminars are presented by the students in two hoursObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Prepare the presentation from several resources on integrated knowledge basis in microbiology, pathology, pharmacology and forensic topics in seminars and presenting the subjects / topics.Acquire good communication & presentation skills.Work in as a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students & subdivided among them.Students are guided & encouraged by the respective lecturers.They are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.Assessment: Attendance, log book / rubric, press test, semester and professional examination.Tutorials: Tutorial is an interactive session conducted in one hour.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Deepen their critical thinking abilityDeepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics.Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the subjects beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students.The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer may/ may not provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.It is an interactive session that ends with conclusions followed by student’s feedback.Assessment: Attendance.Practical: It is a two hours session where the students will be allowed to perform experiment, demonstration, Observe in order to complement their theory knowledge.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Know available microbiology and pathology diagnostic tests to diagnose diseases in nervous system.Interpret microbiological slides and identify different microorganism under nervous system.Perform pharmacology experiments of drug action and adverse reactionInterpret and issue reports in medico legal cases related to nerve and cerebrovascular diseasesMethod:The students will be exposed to the various laboratory diagnostic methods. The well-equipped laboratories provide all necessary materials to perform the tests. They will perform various microbiological, pharmaceutical and forensic medicine tests to acquire enough knowledge about the nervous system in normal and disease process.Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Practical Record book, Semester and Professional Examination.Self-Directed Learning (SDL): It is an hour session monitored by a lecturer/ peer.

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Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information, Revise and enhance their learning skill from various educational sources,eg: Lab, museums, libraryImprove their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning skillsMethod:The students are required to do further study on the topic independently by using available educational resources.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.Directed Student Learning (DSL): It is a two hours session where students will be briefed a problem. Then students seek information from various resource facilities. At the end of session, the lecturer facilitates the discussion.

Course contentsNo Topics1 Introduction to Nervous system module2 Bacterial infections 13 Sedatives & Hypnotics4 Cerebral oedema , Hydrocephalus & Herniation5 Neurodegenerative diseases6 Bacterial infections 27 Antidepressants 18 CNS Depressants9 Forensic Psychiatry 110 Cerebrovascular Diseases 111 Anti-Alzheimer’s drugs 12 Antidepressants 213 Prion Diseases14 Cerebrovascular diseases 215 Viral infections 116 Anti-Parkinsonian drugs17 CNS Neoplasms 18 Antipsychotics 1 19 Forensic Psychiatry 220 Antipsychotics 221 Fungal diseases22 Parasitic diseases23 Opioid analgesics24 Viral infections 225 General Anesthetics26 AntiepilepticTotal

List of SeminarsNo. Topic1 Addiction & Drugs of Abuse2 Demyelinating Diseases3 Meningitis

List of TutorialsNo. Topic1 Dementia2 Meningitis3 Over view of Drugs affecting CNS4 Methyl Alcohol & Ethyl Alcohol poisons. Certificate of Drunkenness

List of PracticalsNo. Practical1 Cerebrovascular diseases, Intracranial pressure & brain2 Herniation Neurodegenerative diseases, CNS neoplasms3 Effects of Analgesics on mice using Hotplate test4 Case studies on CNS conditions5 CSF culture &sensitivity6. Spotters7 Spotters8 Cannabis indica, Datura , Nuxvomica

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Ethics ModuleIntroduction

Welcome to the ethics module of first year MBBS curriculum. In this module, you will study an integrated system based approach that incorporate ethics in all medical science related disciplines.This module details the importance of ethics in medical career. It addresses rights, duties and etiquette of medical professionals. It focuses primarily on ethical issues that arise in clinical medicine and clears moral questions and ethical dilemmas due to the changing context in the health care.

The module will be handled in the form of lectures, seminar, tutorial, guest lectures and role play. The students are encouraged to develop communication skills with colleagues, patients, their seniors, and others in the health care team.

Ample time is given for SDL so as the students could discover knowledge and new experiences at their own pace.In a way it allows an overall understanding of medical ethics which prepares students for the clinical application.

Learning outcomesKnowledge: Upon completion of the ethics module, the student shall be able to understand:Describe the usefulness of the Hippocratic Oath in the practice of medical scienceIllustrate implication of the Medical Ethics in carrying out their duties in the medical profession.Distinguish the roles of health care teams (doctors, nurses, attendants, pharmacists, physiotherapist, and radiographer) with respect to the basic needs of the patients.Skills: Upon completion of the ethics module, the student should be able to:Identify the role of medical professional in the care of patients.States be Humanistic and develop ethical components of health care.Reproduce ethical convictions into clinical reasoning and practice.Attitude: Upon completion of the ethics module, the student should be able to:Demonstrates communication skills and etiquette with general sense of responsibilityConfirm the importance of teamwork.Practice to medical ethics, duties, rights and legal responsibilities towards the patient, profession, society, state and humanity at large. Integration: Upon completion of the ethics module, the students should be able to:From the integrated teaching, the student shall be able to understand basic rules of Medical ethics.

List of TeachingTopics Medical consentProfessional NegligenceClaims in Health Care Therapeutic Cloning Role of DoctorEuthanasia Research ethics Brain stem death and Organ donation Ethics related to abortionTruth telling and Patient Autonomy

Teaching Learning MethodsThe curriculum stresses on teaching of basic fundamentals of Medical Ethics through various methods and clinical correlation.The following modes are employed:• Lectures• Seminar • Tutorial• DSL• SDL/Museum/CAL• Guest lecturesLectures: Lecture is presentation of a particular topic at length in one hour by a lecturer.ObjectiveUpon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Describe the role of the health care team (doctors, nurses, attendants and auxiliary staffs) in the care of patients.Discuss the various communication skills essential for medical student.Discuss and observe medical ethics, etiquette, duties, rights, and legal responsibilities of the physicians towards patients, profession, state and society at large.Discuss an opportunity to observe and assist health care teams performing their responsibilities in a ward or clinics.

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Method:The students are encouraged to read the subject beforehand. The list of topics is shown in timetable.Assessment: Attendance, progress test, Semester & professional examination.Seminars: Seminar are presented by the students in two hoursObjectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Develop the skills of ethical decision making, self-awareness, and the ability to challenge injustice.Acquire good communication & presentation skills.Work in as a team.Method:A time-table is prepared wherein a topic is assigned to a group of students &subdivided among them.Students are guided by the respective lecturers.They are required to present the topic in the class using audio-visual aids.Assessment: Attendance, logbookTutorials: Tutorial is an interactive session conducted in one hour.Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Acquire independent learning.Deepen their critical thinking ability.Deepen their knowledge in areas that are lacking; hence, be able to further understand the specific topics.Acquire good communication skills.Method:The students are required to read the subjects beforehand.A lecturer who conducts this session will pose the questions to the students ( 1 hour session).The students will provide the answers. If they fail to provide a correct answer, the lecturer may/ may not provide the answer.An unanswered question will become a learning point.A plan of management and subsequent follow-up will be formulated.It is an interactive session that ends with conclusions followed by student feedback.Assessment: AttendanceDirected Student Learning (DSL)Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Recognize the humanistic and ethical components of health care.Equip students with a foundation of philosophical, social and legal knowledge.Translate ethical convictions into clinical reasoning and practice.Method:The students will be exposed to the various case history scenario enhance their basic knowledge. They will be asked to interpret and discuss the ethical issues involved.Assessment: Attendance, Log book / Record booSelf-Directed Learning (SDL)Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Seek information and enhance their examination skill from various educational sources like Lab, Museums, libraryImprove their psychomotor skills.Acquire independent learning skillsMethod:Students are assigned a topic.The students are required to do further study on the topic independently by using available educational resources.During this period they are encouraged to clarify their queries pertaining to the topic.Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)Objectives:Upon completion of this session, the students should be able to:Knowledge based clinical skills considered relevant to the learning objectives of Medical Ethics based on computer assisted learning module.Reinforce learning process and demonstrate mastery of a subject.Method: Sessions conducted in Skills Lab.Guest lecturers

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Objectives:To bring conceptual knowledge, academic experience and professional attitude through intensive sessions by eminent speakersMethod:Eminent speakers from other universities will be called for giving guest lectures. This will benefit the students as well as the faculty members.

Course ContentsNo Topics1 Medical consent2 Professional Negligence3 Claims in Health Care4 Therapeutic Cloning5 Role of Doctor6 Euthanasia7 Research ethics8 Brain stem death and Organ donation9 Ethics related to Abortion10 Truth-Telling and Patient Autonomy

Total

SeminarsNo Topics1 Genetics, Stem Cells, and New Reproductive Technologies

TutorialNo Topics1 Case Hitory Scenarios2 Case Studies

ReferencesTextbooks1. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson Fausto, Jon Aster (2004) Robbins &Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, (7th Edn).Elsevier Health

Sciences.2. Humphrey P Rang (2011) Rang & Dale’s Pharmacology, (7th Edn). Elsevier Health Sciences.3. Richard Goering, Ivan Roitt, Cedric Mims, Peter L Chiodini, Hazel Dockrell (2007) Mims’ Medical Microbiology, (4th Edn). Elsevier Health

Sciences.4. Text book of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Apurba Nandy, 2009.

Reference Books:1. J.N.Modi, Text book of Medical Jurisprudence.2. Parikh, Text book of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.3. Katzung (2009) Text book of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, (9th Edn).4. Lippincott’s Illustrated Pharmacology, (6th Edn).5. Robbin’s (2009) Basic Pathology, (7th Edn).6. Edward C. Klatt (2011) Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology, (2nd Edn).7. Muir’s textbook of pathology, (14th Edn).8. Kuby’s (2007) Immunology, (14th Edn).9. Patric Murray (2010) Medical Microbiology.10. Levinson (2010) Medical Microbiology.11. Ichhapujan (2010) Medical Parasitology.12. Harsh Mohan (2010) Text book of Pathology, (6th Edn).13. Hoff Brand (2008) Essential haematology, (5th Edn).

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