instrumentation and control systems (me405pc)

MECH II Yr – II Sem. 118

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS (ME405PC) COURSE PLANNER

I. COURSE OVERVIEW: Instrumentation and control system is a fundamental subject for mechanical, automobile and aeronautical engineering branches. It provides an insight of tools, problems associated with mechanical equipment, automobiles etc. The purpose of this course is to learn the technique for measurement of displacement, temperature, pressure, level, speed, acceleration, strain, humidity, force, torque and power. The students would learn how to measure the various parameters as mentioned above using different measuring instruments. II.PRE REQUISITES: The knowledge of following subjects is essential to understand the subject: 1. Engineering physics 2. Engineering metrology 3. Electrical & Electronics Engineering

III. COURSE OBJECTIVE: 1. Understanding the basic characteristic of a typical instrument 2. Identifying errors and their types that would occur in a instrument 3. Identifying properties used for evaluating the thermal systems. 4. The concept of transducer and Various types and their characters

IV. COURSE OUTCOME: The student would be able to,

S.No. Description Bloom’s Taxonomy Level 1. To identify various elements and their purpose in

typical instruments, to identify various errors that would occur in instruments. Analysis of errors so as to determine correction factors for each an instrument

L2: UNDERSTAND L3: APPLY L4:ANALYSIS

2. To understand static and dynamic characteristics of instrument and should be able to determine loading response time

L2: UNDERSTAND

3. For given range of displacement should be able to specify transducer, it accurate and loading time of that transducer

L4:ANALYSIS L5 :EVALUATE

V. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Program Outcomes (PO) Level Proficiency assessed by

PO1 Engineering knowledge: Graduates will demonstrate the ability to use basic knowledge in mathematics, science and engineering and apply them to solve problems specific to mechanical engineering.

3 Assignments and Exams

PO2 Problem analysis: Graduates will demonstrate the ability to design and conduct experiments, interpret and analyze data, and report results.


PO3 Design/development of solutions: Graduates will 3 Assignments


Program Outcomes (PO) Level Proficiency assessed by

demonstrate the ability to design any mechanical system or thermal that meets desired specifications and requirements.

and Exams

PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Graduates will demonstrate the ability to identify, formulate and solve mechanical engineering problems of a complex kind.

2 --

PO5 Modern tool usage: Graduates will be familiar with applying software methods and modern computer tools to analyze mechanical engineering problems.


PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

2 --

PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

2 --

PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

1 --

PO9 Individual and team work: Graduates will demonstrate the ability to function as a coherent unit in multidisciplinary design teams, and deliver results through collaborative research.

2 --

PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

2 --

PO11 Project management and finance: Graduate will be able to design a system to meet desired needs within environmental, economic, political, ethical health and safety, manufacturability and management knowledge and techniques to estimate time, resources to complete project.

-- --

PO12 Life-long learning: Graduates should be capable of self-education and clearly understand the value of life-long learning.


VI. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:


Program Specific Outcomes (PSO) Level Proficiency assessed by

PSO1 The student will be able to apply the knowledge of Mathematics, Sciences and engineering fundamentals to formulate, analyze and provide solutions for the problems related to Mechanical engineering and communicate them effectively to the concerned.

3 Lectures,

Assignments

PSO2 Design mechanical systems in various fields such as machine elements, thermal, manufacturing, industrial and inter-disciplinary fields by using various engineering/technological tools to meet the mercurial needs of the industry and society at large.

3 Projects

PSO3 The ability to grasp the latest development, methodologies of mechanical engineering and posses competent knowledge of design process, practical proficiencies, skills and knowledge of programme and developing ideas towards research.

3 Guest

Lectures

VII. SYLLABUS: UNIT – I Definition – Basic principles of measurement – Measurement systems, generalized configuration and functional descriptions of measuring instruments – examples. Dynamic performance characteristics – sources of error, Classification and elimination of error. MEASUREMENT OF DISPLACEMENT: Theory and construction of various transducers to measure displacement – Piezo electric, Inductive, capacitance, resistance, ionization and Photo electric transducers, Calibration procedures UNIT II MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE: Classification – Ranges – Various Principles of measurement – Expansion, Electrical Resistance – Thermistor – Thermocouple – Pyrometers – Temperature Indicators. MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE: Units – classification – different principles used. Manometers, Piston, Bourdon pressure gauges, Bellows – Diaphragm gauges. Low pressure measurement – Thermal conductivity gauges – ionization pressure gauges, McLeod pressure gauge. UNIT – III MEASUREMENT OF LEVEL: Direct method – Indirect methods – capacitative, ultrasonic, magnetic, cryogenic fuel level indicators – Bubler level indicators. FLOW MEASUREMENT: Rotameter, magnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine flow meter, Hot – wire anemometer, Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA). MEASUREMENT OF SPEED: Mechanical Tachometers – Electrical tachometers – Stroboscope, Noncontact type of tachometer


MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION AND VIBRATION: Different simple instruments – Principles of Seismic instruments – Vibrometer and accelerometer using this principle. UNIT -IV STRESS STRAIN MEASUREMENTS: Various types of stress and strain measurements – electrical strain gauge – gauge factor – method of usage of resistance strain gauge for bending compressive and tensile strains – usage for measuring torque, Strain gauge Rosettes. MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY: Moisture content of gases, sling psychrometer, Absorption psychrometer, Dew point meter. MEASUREMENT OF FORCE, TORQUE AND POWER: Elastic force meters, load cells, Torsion meters, Dynamometers. UNIT – V ELEMENTS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS: Introduction, Importance – Classification – Open and closed systems- Servomechanisms – Examples with block diagrams – Temperature, speed and position control systems- Transfer functions- First and Second order mechanical systems TEXT BOOKS: 1. Measurement Systems: Applications & Design by D.S Kumar, Anuradha

Agencies

2. Instrumentation, Measurement & Analysis by B. C. Nakra & K. K.

Choudhary, TMH

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Principles of Industrial Instrumentation and Control Systems/Chennakesava R Alavala/Cengage Learning. 2. Instrumentation and Control systems/S.Bhaskar/Anuradha Agencies. 3. Experimental Methods for Engineers/Holman/McGraw Hill. 4. Mechanical and Industrial Measurements/R.K.Jain/Khanna Publishers. 5. Mechanical Measurements/ Sirohi and Radhakrishna/New Age 6. Instrumentation & Mech. Measurements/A.K.Tayal/Galgotia Publications NPTEL Web Course:

1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/103103037/1 2. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/103103037/2 3. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/103103037/3 4. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/103103037/4 5. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/103103037/5

NPTEL Video Course: 1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/1 2. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/2 3. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/3 4. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/4 5. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/5

GATE & IES SYLLABUS: NOT APPLICABLE


VIII.COURSE PLAN (WEEK WISE):

Lec

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No.

Uni

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o.

Topics to be covered

Link for PPT

Link for PDF

Link for Small

Projects/ Numericals(if

any)

Cou

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lear

nin

g ou

tcom

es

Tea

chin

g M

eth

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ogy

Ref

eren

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1

1

Definition - Basic concept of measurement

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODIwMTIxNTY5/details

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0MDk5/details

https://classroom.google.com/w/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/tc/MzAyNTA4MDk3NzAz

L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

BOOK 1,2

2

General principal in measurement .




L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

3

Measurement methods,application of measuring systems.



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


4

Student PPT Presentation



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

5

Generalized configuration,functional descriptions of measuring instruments.



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

6

Dynamic performance characteristics-




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

7

Sources of errors-classification of errors. Elimination of errors.



L3 apply

PPT,Chalk & Talk

8




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


9

Measurement of displacement -Theory of transducers to measure displacement .



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

10

Construction of transducers to measure displacement .



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

11

Piezo electric transducers,Inductive transducer, capacitive transducers.



L5 Evaluate

PPT,Chalk & Talk

12




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

13

Resistance transducers,Ionization transducer,Photo electric transducer,calibration procedure.



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

14 2

Measurement of temperature-

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDM

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4

https://classroom.google.c

L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

BOOK 2


classifications ranges.Bimettalic thermometer

z/m/Mjk5ODc1NzUzOTYy/details

NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0MTUw/details

om/w/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/tc/MzAyNTA4MDk3NzAz

15

Helix thermometer- spiral thermometer .

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzUzOTYy/details

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0MTUw/details

L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

16




L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

17

Fluid expansion (pressure)thermometer,



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

18

Thermisters.thermocouples,Pyrometers total radiation pyrometer,



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


19

optical pyrometer,Temperature indicators .




L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

20



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

21

Measurement of pressure units classification , Instruments to measure pressure manometers,



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

22

Instruments to measure pressure piston pressure gauge



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

23

Elastic transducers-bourdon tube pressure gauge .Elastic diaphragm


https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0MTUw/detail


L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


gauges bellows

s

24




L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

25

gauges,Mcleod pressure gauge .Ionization pressure gauge .



L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

26

3

Measurent of level list of instruments used to measure liquid level..

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzUzOTk2/details

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0MTg4/details

L2-Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

BOOK

1,2,3

27

Direct method - slight glass, float gauges .



https://classroom.google.com/w/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/tc/MzAyNTA4MDk3

L3 apply

PPT,Chalk & Talk


28




NzAz

L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

29

Indirect method capacitive , ultrasonic level indicators .Magnetic level indicators .- bubble level indicators.



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

30

Flow measurement Rotameter



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

31

Magnetic ,ultrasonic flow meter,Hot-wire anemometer pitot tube




L3 apply

PPT,Chalk & Talk

32




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


33

Hot-wire anemometer pitot tube



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

34

Measurement of speed. Introduction .



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

35

Mechanical tachometers electrical tachometers.



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

36




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

37

Non - Contactless electrical tachometers.Stroboscope ,Measurement of acceleration and vibration instruments .



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


38

4

principles of seismic instruments ,vibrometer accelerometer using this principle

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0MDA0/details

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0MjA2/details

L3 & L4 Apply and Analyze

PPT,Chalk & Talk

BOOK

1,2,3

39

Stress strain measurement- introduction




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

40




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

41

Types of strain gauges-unbonded stain gauge .-unbonded stain gauge .



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

42

Bonded strain gauges.-strain gauge gauge factor .



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


43

Method of using of resistance strain gauge for bending ,compressive and tensile strains .Usage for measuring torque .Usage for strain gauge rosettes.




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

44




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

45

Measurement of humidity( dampness)-introduction .



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

BOOK

1,2,3

46

Moisture content of gases .-Instruments to measure humidity.



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


47

Sling psychomotor-Absorption psychomotor,Dew point meter .




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

48




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

49

Measurement of force , torque and power



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

BOOK 1

50

Devices to measure scale and balances,Elastic force meter (proving ring )



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

51

Measurement of torque mechanical torsion meter .





PPT,Chalk & Talk

52



https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0M

L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


jA2/details

53

Measurement of electrical torsion meter ,Strain gauge torsion meter .



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

54

Measurement of electrical torsion meter ,Strain gauge torsion meter .



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

55

Measurement of power Types of dynameters .



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

56




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


57

Mechanical , Hydraulic or Fluid friction dynamometer .Strain gauge transmission dynamometers- flight light torsion dynamometer.




PPT,Chalk & Talk

58

5

Elements of control systems Introduction Importance .

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0MDEy/details

https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjk4ODc4NjE1NDMz/m/Mjk5ODc1NzU0MjU2/details


L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

BOOK 1,2 & 3

59 Types of control systems



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

60




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

61

open loop control system & closed loop control system



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk


62

closed loop control system .Servo mechanism-introduction




PPT,Chalk & Talk

63

Position control system (position servo mechanism )



L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

64




L1 & L2 Understand

PPT,Chalk & Talk

IX. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF

PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

CO’S Program Outcomes (PO’s)

PSO ATTAINMENT

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10

PO11

PO12

PSO1

PSO2

PSO3

CO1

3 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 -- 2 3 3 3

CO2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 3 3 3

CO3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 3 3 3


X. QUESTION BANK (JNTUH) UNIT-I Long Answer Questions-

S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy

Level Course

Outcome

1 Explain Briefly about the requirements of materials for construction of strain gauges? Knowledge 2

2 Explain the construction and bonding technique for an electrical resistance strain gauge. Understand 2

3 Illustrate the factors is the selection of grid material based and why? Apply 1

4 Compare mechanical and electrical transducers. Explain theory and construction of any one mechanical transducer. Understand 3

5 Derive, from first principles, the relationship for gauge factor of a strain gauge. Apply 2

6 Describe, with a neat sketch, the two - gauge bridge system for strain gauges. Knowledge 3

7 Explain the various elements of generalized measurement system with neat sketch. Understand 2

8 Explain about the static characteristics in measurement system. Understand 2

9 Discuss different types of errors and the elimination processes of these errors in measurement. Understand 1

10 Define calibration? Explain the different calibration procedures? Knowledge 2 11 Explain the basic principles of measurement Understand 1

Short Answer Questions-

S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy

Level Course

Outcome 1 Explain the different methods in measurement? Understand 2 2 Explain the different applications of different measuring instruments? Understand 1 3 Describe different types of sources of errors during measurement. Knowledge 1 4 Differentiate the different measurement standards. Analysis 2 5 DefineTraceability? Knowledge 3 6 Explain the various sources of error in measuring instrument? Understand 1 7 Define environmental factor on the design of measuring instruments? Knowledge 2

UNIT-2 Long Answer Questions-

S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy

Level Course

Outcome 1 Explain briefly the various types of transmission dynamometers. Understand 3 2 Explain how a resistance potentiometer is used to measure Understand 2


displacement.

3 Explain Briefly discuss on a differential transformer being used for measuring displacement. Knowledge 1

4 Explain the working of helix and spiral bimetallic thermometer. Apply 2

5 Define RTDs? On what basic principle do they work? Explain with diagram one of the RTDs. Knowledge 2

6 Explain the working of an optical pyrometer. Understand 1

7 Discuss how dead weight tester used to calibrate pressure measuring devices? Understand 2

8 Discuss how can a strain gauge be used to measure pressure? Understand 3

9 Explain the Mcleod vacuum gauges used for pressure measurement and its limitations. Apply 1

10 Explain how a bulk-modulus pressure gauge is used to measure pressure? Apply 2


S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy

Level Course

Outcome 1 Discuss briefly about displacement measurement? Understand 3 2 List the various transducers used for displacement measurement? Understand 2 3 Define pressure thermometer? Knowledge 2 4 Define pyrometers? Knowledge 2 5 Define thermocouple? Knowledge 1 6 List the limitations of a total radiation pyrometer? Understand 2 7 Define black body? Knowledge 2 8 Differentiate atmospheric pressure and absolute pressure. Analysis 3 9 Define ionization? Knowledge 1

10 Explain dynamic or impact pressure? Apply 2 UNIT-3 Long Answer Questions-

S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy Level

Course Outcom

e

1 Explain the working principle of A.C. tacho-generator with a neat sketch.

Understand 2

2 Define about non-contact type tachometers? Explain the principle of working of any one of such type with a neat sketch.

Knowledge 2

3 Explain, with a sketch, the principle of working of a digital type angular speed measuring device.

Understand 2

4 List the advantages and limitations of stroboscope.

Understand 1


5 Explain, with a sketch, the principle of working of an inductive tachometer (Non- contact type) Apply 2

6 Distinguish, with suitable sketches, between the AC and DC tacho-generators.

Knowledge 2

7 Explain the characteristics of the following instruments: (a) LVDT (b) Photo electric transducer. Apply 1

8 Write the expression for frequency response of first order system.

Knowledge 2

9

Solve a diaphragm type pressure measuring instrument is calibrated for absolute pressures of 6 to 760mm of mercury. It has an accuracy of 1% based upon scale span. Calculate the scale range, scale span and maximum static error. Analyze 1

10 Explain the factors to be considered for Level Measurement Sensor Selection?

Understand 2

11 Distinguish between ultrasonic and capacitive type level measuring gauges.

Knowledge 2

12

Solve the following data are provided for a rotameter Float dia (pipe dia) = 25 mm, Float density (relative) = 4, Float height = 15mm, Scale length = 250 mm, Fluid density (relative) =1.0, Discharge coefficient = 1.0 and taper angle = 1.8°. Calculate the maximum flow rate the rotameter can measure. Analyze 1



S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy

Level Course

Outcome

S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy

Level Course

Outcome 1 Explain about one linear velocity transducer. Apply 2 2 Explain the basic principle behind tacho-generators. Apply 2 3 List the various contactless electrical tachometers. Understand 1 4 Define piezo-electric effect? Knowledge 2

5 Explain the basic principle on which a strain gauge accelerometer works. Apply 1

6 Define an ultrasonic flow meter? Knowledge 2 7 Discuss how can gamma rays be used to measure liquid level? Understand 2 8 Explain the classification of pressure measuring instruments. Understand 2 9 Explain the need for calibration of measuring instruments? Apply 3

10 List out the applications of magnetic level measurement. Understand 1 11 Explain the limitations of non-contact type tachometers. Apply 2


1 Discuss briefly with neat diagrams the following methods of liquid level Measurement: (a)Ultrasonic level measuring gauge (b) Capacitive type with Variable Dielectric constant Understand 2

2 Distinguish between the quarter bridge and half bridge circuits of Wheatstone bridge used for strain measurements. Give the applications of each. Knowledge 2

3 Explain the various techniques available for the measurement of mechanical strain? Knowledge 1

4 Explain how sling psychrometer is used to determine the dry and wet bulb temperature? Apply 2

5 Explain how dew point meter is used to measure the dew point temperature? Understand 2

6 List the procedure to mount a strain gauge with paper backing on the surface under study. Understand 3

7 Explain briefly discuss on the surface preparation and bonding techniques for mounting bonded strain gauge. Understand 2

8 Explain how eddy current dynamometer works. Understand 2 9 Explain briefly discuss on fluid friction dynamometer works. Knowledge 1

10 Discuss the measurement of torque using slotted discs. Understand 2 Short Answer Questions-

S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy

Level Course

Outcome 1 Write the basic principle on which a mechanical torsion meter works. Knowledge 2 2 Write the principle of measuring torque using slotted discs. Knowledge 2 3 Define torque and power. Knowledge 1 4 List the types of dynamometers. Understand 2 5 Defne driving dynamometers? Knowledge 1 6 Define transmission dynamometers? Knowledge 3 7 Define piezo-resistivity? Knowledge 1 8 Define gauge factor? Knowledge 2 9 What is strain gauge rosette? Knowledge 1

10 Discuss about bonded strain gauge? Understand 2 11 List out various principles used for stress and strain measurement. Understand 1


S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy

Level Course

Outcome


1

Explain the operation of ordinary track signals which control the automobile track at roadway intersections. Do they constitute an open-loop or closed-loop control system? Justify your answer. How can the traffic be controlled more effectively? Apply 2

2 List the requirements of a control system. Understand 2 3 Explain about feedback principles. Understand 1 4 Discuss on AC and DC servomotors. Understand 2 5 Differentiate between open loop system and closed loop system. Analysis 1 6 Explain the working of a potentiometer. Understand 2 7 Discuss feedback control system and explain them. Understand 1 8 Discuss on proportional control. Understand 2

9 Explain how strain gauges can be used for the measurement of bending stresses? Understand 2

10 Explain the working of sling psychomotor. Understand 3 Short Answer Questions-

S.No Question

Blooms Taxonomy

Level Course

Outcome 1 Define control system? Knowledge 2 2 List the basic elements of a feedback control system. Understand 2 3 Define relays? Knowledge 1 4 Define error detectors? Knowledge 2 5 Define servomotor? Knowledge 1 6 Explain the applications of servomechanism. Understand 2 XI.OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS: UNIT-I 1. The Smallest change in measured value to which the instrument will respond is called. a) Accuracy b) Precision c) Resolution d) Sensitivity 2. In measurement systems, which of the following static characteristics are desirable? a) Accuracy b) Sensitivity c) Reproducibility d) All of the above 3. Which of the following optical transducers is an active transducer? a) Photo emissive cell b) Photo diode c) Photo transistor d) Photo voltaic cell 4. LVDT Works on the principle of. a) Variable resistance b) Variable self induction c) Variable mutual induction d) Variable capacitance 5. The measurement refers to (A) Measured variable (B) Primary signal (C) output (D) All of the above 6. First order system is represented by (A) X

0 / X

i = K/(τs -1) (B) X

0 / X

i = K/(τs +1) (C) X

0 / X

i = Kτs -1 (D) X

0 X

i = K/(τs +1) .

7. A device for determining die value or magnitude of a quantity or variable: (a) sensor (b) transducer (c) gauge (d) instrument (e) indicator. Ans: d


8. Determining moisture in steam by measuring the temperature in a throttling calorimeter is an example of: (a) direct measurement (b) indirect measurement (c) measurement by comparison (d) measurement by calibration (e) automatic measurement. Ans: b 9. The closeness with which the reading of an instrument approaches the true value of the variable being measured is called: (a) Accuracy (b) Precision (c) Sensitivity (d) Resolution (e) Discrimination. Ans: a 10. Errors due to assignable causes are called: (a) Static errors (b) Systematic errors (c) Calibration errors (d) Random errors (e) Known errors. UNIT-II 1. Temperature sensing can be achieved by the use of a) thermocouples b) RTD c) thermistors d) all of the above 2. Optical pyrometer is used to measure. a) Light intensity b) Low temperature c) High temperature d) Light intensity & high temperature 3. The emf of a thermocouple with junctions at t

1 and t

2 is the algebraic sum of the emf’s of

two couples of same material with junctions at t1

and t2

and V and t1

respectively. This

statement is known as (a) The law of homogeneous circuit (b) law of successive or intermediate temperature (c) law of intermediate metals (d) Seebeck law 4. Which arrangement has the capability to measure the temperature of an object which may be either stationary or moving? (A) Thermocouple (B) Thermistor (C) Total radiation Pyrometer (D) Filled in system thermometers 5. Mercury is used in barometers because it a) Does not stick to the walls of the tubing b) is shining and can be read easily c) Has practically zero vapor pressure d) has high density 6. Bridman gauges are used for measurement of: a) Vacuum b) Medium pressures c) High pressures d) Very high pressures 7. A U-Tube differential manometer is used inverted when (A) Pressure difference is small (B) pressure difference is large (C) cannot be used inverted (D) none 8. The fluid flow between the electrodes of an Electromagnetic flow meter generates an emf which is a function of (A) Dynamic pressure (B) Discharge (C) Flow Velocity (D) ALL of the above 9. Target meter is concerned with measurement of:


(a) Flow (b) Pressure (c) Viscosity (d) Density (e) Level. Ans: a 10. The flow error in case of normal nozzles is of the order of: (a) 0.1% (b) 0.2% (c) 0.5% (d) 1% (e) 2%. Ans: d 11. Which of the following flow meter maintains a constant pressure differential but varies the orifice area with flow: (a) Ledoux bell (b) Variable area (c) Straightening vane (d) Variable head (e) vane-type. Ans: b 12. Flow in open channels is measured by using: (a) nozzle (b) Orifice plate (c) Propeller (d) Weir (e) vortex-shedding meter. Ans: d 13. For measuring air flow, following meter is often used: (a) vane-type or anemometer (b) Electromagnetic flow meter (c) vortex-shedding meter (d) Ultrasonic flow meter (e) pitot tube. Ans: a 14. The ideal system is (A) First Order system (B) Second Order system (C) Zero Order system 15. Which gauge can be used to measure pressure below 1 bar? (a) Dead weight tester (b) pirani gauge (c) Ionization gauge (d) McLeod gauge (e) Absolute pressure sensor 15. Cold junction compensation is needed in case of measurement of temperature by: (a) Thermocouple (b) Thermopile (c) thermistor (d) zener diode (e) Resistance thermometer. Ans: a 16. Which of the following consists of a very thin strip of nickel or platinum foil which responds to temperature in the same manner as the resistance thermometer? (a) Thermo pile (b) Bolometer (c) Radiation pyrometer (d) thermistor (e) Optical pyrometer. 17. Which of the following have relatively large and negative temperature coefficients of resistance: (a) radiation pyrometers? (b) Optical pyrometers (c) thermistors (d) Platinum resistance detectors (e) Thermocouples. Ans: c UNIT-III 1. The dynamic characteristics of the system is obtained by using (A) Mathematical Equations (B) Quadratic Equations (C) Differential equations (D) any of the above 2. Which of the following device is used as a standard for calibrating pressure gauges: (a) manometer (b) diaphragm (c) bellows (d) Dead weight pressure tester (e) Piezoelectric crystal


Ans: d 3. Which is not correct statement about selection of tube material for a Bourdon gauge? (a) Have high creep strength to withstand high temperature (b) Be stable enough to maintain its calibration indefinitely (c) Be immune to corrosion from the fluid inside the tube, and from the atmosphere outside (d) Be hard enough to withstand the applied pressure without any part of it being stressed above the limit of proportionality (e) Be easy to fabricate. Ans: a 4. Hysteresis error in Bourdon tube can be minimized by: (a) Using proper tube material (b) Using proper diameter and thickness of tube (c) Avoiding temperature cycling (d) Using it well within the designed pressure range (e) Using separating diaphragm and avoid direct ingress of hot fluid to tube. Ans: d 5. Pick up false statement about pressure measurements: (a) Low pressure is normally measured by manometers (b) Medium pressure by diaphragms or bellows (c) Medium and high pressure by Bourdon gauge (d) All pressures by transducers (e) Absolute pressure by piezoelectric crystal. Ans: e 6. A laser Doppler anemometer can function properly if the fluid a) Contains small tracer particles b) Contains large concentration of tracer particles c) Contains no tracer particles d) None of the above 7. A meter suitable for flow tantalization is. a) Turbine flow meter b) Venturimeter c) Rotameter d) Orifice plate 8. Ionization gauges range from

(A) 10-11

to 10-3

Pa (B) 10-1

to 10-3

Pa (C) 10-11

to 101 Pa (D) 10

-1 to 10

3 Pa

9. Calibration is (A) The process of comparison of the true value with the measured value (B) The process of comparison of the measured value with the true value (C) The process of drawing plot of the measured value vs the true value (D) The process of varying the measured value with the true value

UNIT –IV 1. Which gauge is based on the change of heat conductivity of a gas with pressure and the change of electrical resistance of a wire with temperature? (a) Thermocouple gauge (b) Bourdon gauge (c) Ionization gauge (d) nuitating disk gauge (e) Pirani gauge. Ans: e 2. Thermal expansion of a solid is employed in:


(a) Thermocouple (b) Resistance thermometer (c) Bulb thermometer (d) Bimetal element (e) zener diode. Ans: d 3. Pick up false statement about liquid-in-metal thermometers: (a) Remote indication of temperature can't be given (b) Error is produced if capillary passes through hot zone (c) Error also occurs if instrument base is at high ambient temperature (d) Error can also creep in by the head of the liquid if the bulb is installed either above or below the Bourdon (e) These are used for industrial applications where accuracy is not so important. Ans: a 4. Twisting the thermocouple wires together and heat welding them: (a) Is the standard practice of making junction (b) Would result in noise generation (c) Cause small errors due to local e.m.f. which may arise if the junction is too long (d) Would slow down the response (e) Result in inaccuracies. Ans: c 5. Which of the following thermocouple generates highest e.m.f. for a given temperature? (a) copper-constantan (b) iron-constantan (c) chromel – alumel (d) platinum-rhodium platinum (e) silver-palladium. Ans: b 6. Protective coating by a suitable cover is applied over strain gauge in order to protect it against: (a) Temperature rise (b) Dust and dirt (c) Moisture (d) Ageing (e) Shorting by conductive contact. Ans: c 7. The resistance of strain gauge grid used in pressure transducers is of the order of: (a) 0.1 to 1 ohm (b) 1 to 10 ohm (c) 10 to 100 ohm (d) 100 to 2000 ohm (e) 2000 to 105 ohm Ans: d UNIT –V 1. The range of scale values through which the controlled variable must pass in order that the final control element is moved through its entire range: (a) Throttling (b) floating band (c) Controller band (d) Settling time (e) Proportional band. Ans: e 2. A controller action in which there is a predetermined relation between the values of the controlled variable and the rate of motion of a final control element: (a) Floating controller action


(b) proportional-position controller action (c) proportional-speed floating controller action (d) two-position controller action (e) Self-regulation controller action. Ans: a 3. The controller action in which there is continuous linear relation between the position of the final control element and the value of the controlled variable: (a) Floating controller action (b) proportional-position controller action (c) proportional-speed floating controller action (d) two-position controller action (e) Self-regulation controller action. Ans: b 4. The stability, accuracy, and speed of response of a control system are determined by analyzing: (a) Its mathematical model (b) closed-loop feedback control system (c) steady-state response (d) Transient response (e) steady-state and transient response. Ans: e XII. WEBSITES:

1. http://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijit 2. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?reload=true&punumber=19 3. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/flow-measurement-and-instrumentation 4. http://www.sapub.org/journal/aimsandscope.aspx?journalid=1086 5. http://airccse.org/journal/IJICS/ijics.html 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation

XIII. EXPERT DETAILS: 1. Dr. G. Krishna Mohana Rao, Professor, JNTUH 2. Dr. N. Venkaiah, Assistant Professor, NITW 3. Mr. E. Madhusudan Raju, Assistant Professor, OU, Hyderabad 4. Dr. R. Prasanth Kumar, Associate Professor, IIT, Hyderabad 5. Dr. Manzoor Hussain, Professor, JNTUH

XIV. JOURNALS:

1. International Journal of Instrumentation Technology 2. IEEE Xplore 3. International journal of Instrumentation and control systems.


4. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 5. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 6. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology

XV. LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS: 1. Measurement of pressure 2. Measuring of liquid level 3. Measurement of speed 4. Stress strain measurement 5. Measurement of humidity (dampness) 6. Elements of control systems

XVI. CASE STUDIES / SMALL PROJECTS 1. Case study of different flow measuring devices. 2. Study of rotameter. 3. Case study of Pressure measuring devices. 4. Case study on strain gauges. 5. Case study on seismic pick up.

instrumentation and control systems (me405pc)

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