ANU Reporter Published by the Secretary for private circulation to members of the Australian National University

Industrial potential in 'glassy' metals Work by a team from the Research School of Physical Sciences could revolutionise the plastics industry and save electricity consumers mil-lions of dollars.

For the past three years the team, led by Dr Andrew Stewart, of the Department of SoUd State Physics, has studied a new class of materials called amorphous metals.

Amorphous or 'glassy' metals are differ-ent from conventional metals in the way their composite atoms are arranged. In ordi-nary metals, atoms are arranged in strict orderly fashion. In amorphous metals, the atoms are scattered randomly, as they are in glass.

While the study of these metals has been going on for some time at the ANU, it is only in the past year that Dr Stewart and his colleagues have been able to produce sam-ples of the metals.

Dr Stewart said that the possible implica-tions for industry were enormous. 'Glassy metals' can be used to manufacture small and medium size electrical transformers and according to Dr Stewart, these transformers have the potential to be far more cost effec-tive than those now used.

'More importantly, they would waste far less energy,' he said. 'Electrical transformers made from amorphous metals have energy losses which are two to five times smaller than conventional transformers. For exam-ple, the national electricity distribution schemes can waste millions of dollars just heating up transformers.'

This cost could be substantially reduced with the use of transformers made of'glassy' metals.

'A great deal of industrial development has been done in this area. In fact, manufac-turers are beginning to produce prototype transformers,' he said.

While other potential uses for the 'glassy' metals have not yet been developed to any substantial extent, Dr Stewart said he sus-pected the most important area was in rein-forcing fillers for composite materials.

'For example, if you bend concrete it will break. However, if you thread it with steel rods, it becomes much stronger. In much the same way, a piece of plastic, which is quite weak, filled with carbon fibres of ribbons of these amorphous metals gains much more strength'.

Dr Stewart said that the interests of his department were primarily in the fundamen-tal study of the new materials.

Unfortunately, the lack of resources, in terms of both manpower and funds, has pre-vented the team from moving into applied study.

A sample of'glassy' metal can be made by very quickly cooling a molten metal or alloy (the best results are gained with use of iron and silicon or boron). This freezing process takes place in one millionth of a second.

The previously well-ordered rows and columns of atoms simply don't get the chance to rearrange themselves in strict order.

At a laboratory in the RSPhysS, Dr Ste-wart and his team carry out this process by

Dr Andrew Stewart, Dr Stewart Campbell and Dr Geoff Whittle.

squirting a stream of molten metal on the curved edge of a rotation copper disc. The liquified metal spreads out to a thickness of about 0.05mm and, being so thin, cools very quickly to form strips of amorphous metal.

The advantages of the material are many. The production process is cheap. The mate-rial produced has favourable magnetic prop-erties and is resistant to corrosion and radiation damage. Those containing up to

80 per cent iron do not rust and are very strong and hard.

The technological possibilities for the metals include chemical surgical and bio-medical applications as well as uses in nuclear reactors (with their ability to lose all electrical resistance if cooled down to almost zero) which promise almost unlimited amounts of electricity but pose massive materials problems.

Vol. 13, No. 14, Friday 10 September, 1982

Chancellor to open NARU The Chancellor, Sir John Crawford, will officially open the first stage of the new headquarters of the North Australia Research Unit, in Darwin, at a special ceremony on Monday.

The new offices and residences in Brinkin were finished in May but the detailed mov-ing operation was not completed until June.

The first stage of the development com-prises six single and two double study/bed-rooms for visiting staff and students; a combined kitchen/dining building; and a store/workshop and caretaker's house.

Funding for the completion of the devel-opment has been limited and, according to NARU, it is unlikely the finance will be pro-vided in the present triennium.

The Commonwealth Tertiary Education Commission has been asked to approve the construction of a proper academic building in 1984. Under the existing circumstance, unfortunately there will be no room for seminars and 'study' space is limited.

It is hoped further construction in the future will provide for a conference area, laboratory space and a proper library (in the present buildings the library will be set up in the 'mess' area.

Also to attend the official opening cerem-ony, from Canberra, are: Professor Gerry Ward, Director of the Research School of Pacific Studies, Emeritus Professor Oscar Spate, the former director of RSPacS, Dr Frank Bauer, first field director of NARU, Mr Peter Grimshaw, Head of the Joint Schools, and Mr A. A. Robertson, Head of the Department of Buildings and Grounds.

The new postal address for NARU is PO Box 41321, Casuarina, Northern Territory, 5792.

ANU takes part in silicon chip project Two University staff members were involved in a national CSIRO pro-ject which has brought Australia to the forefront of multi-project silicon chip design.

Professor Richard Brent, Professor of Computer Science, and Mr Robert Ewin, a programmer in the Department of Compu-ter Science, were the only Canberra people who contributed to the project to develop the capability to design special purpose chips in Australia.

The results of the project were announced in Canberra last month by the Minister for Science and Technology, Mr David Thom-son, who said Australia was the first coun-try, outside the US, to develop the capability and make it widely available to industry and research institutions.

mmm Supplement inside

The chip design by Professor Brent and Mr Ewin was one of 46 from around Austra-lia to be incorporated into the multi-project wafer, from which several different chips can be produced for individual purposes and customers.

Their design is for a rapid arithmetic facil-ity but other designs on the wafer include a processor for a bionic ear for the deaf; an insulin diffuser for diabetics; and an eye movement detector to allow quadraplegics to operate certain devices.

The capability, developed through the CSIRO's VLSI (Very Large Scale Integra-tion) laboratory in Adelaide, means that local industries and research institutions can now custom-design their own chips instead of having to rely on mass-produced, general-purpose chips which sometimes do not suit individual requirements.

Under the new system, specific designs will be sent to the US for production on a single master wafer carrying up to 40 designs.

Professor Brent said, 'Producing a VLSI chip is a complicated and expensive busi-ness. It might cost $50,000 for a small pro-

duction run and require communicating with several different specialist microelec-tronics concerns in the USA.

This is not a practical proposition for a department at the ANU. The multi-project chip idea is for several groups of VLSI designers to share one chip production run, reducing the expense and administrative overheads for each.'

Professor Brent is well-known for his theoretical work on VLSI design but the multi-project chip provided him with his first opportunity to become involved in a practical design project. He is now teaching a course based on this work.

Professor Brent is enthusiastic about the prospects for VLSI design in Australia.

The first Australian multi-project chip has demonstrated that Australian industries and universities can have access to this excit-ing new technology at reasonable cost.

'It also achieved an educational objective by increasing the number of people in Aus-tralia with a knowledge of VLSI. Several universities are now teaching courses in VLSI design to fourth-year undergraduates or graduate students.

Canberra's wide open skies impress Tokyo student

The Chifley Library with its well stocked shelves, microfilm catalogues, airconditioning, carpeting and paintings has impressed an exchange student from Japan more than anything else at ANU.

The student, Miss Keiko Kaneyuki, from Tsuda College, Tokyo is spending a year at Ursula College.

The University's undergraduate student exchange program with Tsuda College, Tokyo, Japan, will operate for five years in the first instance, allowing a student from ANU to go to Tsuda for one aca-demic year, and a Tsuda student to study here for a similar period.

Tsuda College is a private liberal arts college for women. Its major fields of study are English language and litera-ture, international and cultural studies and mathematics. About 2500 students are enrolled for bachelor and master degrees. Special arrangements are made for overseas students to study Japanese language and literature.

Applications are invited for the 1983 academic year from women undergradu-ate students who will have completed at least the second year of their courses at the end of 1982.

The successful applicant will take a year's non-degree study in 1983 at Tsuda College.

Contact Mr Ken Healey, Acting Faculty Secretary, Faculty of Asian Stu-dies. Applications should be lodged by 17 September.

l i M F ^

Back on the job—in retirement

Keiko Kaneyuki

Keiko, 22, is studying Linguistics and Aboriginal History at ANU.

'In Japan we have no minority races so I am keen to learn about Aborigines. Few Japanese realise that Aborigines have lived in Australia for 20,000-30,000 years,' she said.

'In Tokyo we are surrounded by high buildings and the air is polluted so'that I am unaccustomed to the vistas of wide open skies that you have in Canberra. It is very beautiful.'

Keiko said that Australian students appear to work harder than Japanese stu-dents but during Bush Week they behave in a 'silly way here, hke small children.'

Keiko said that one of the difficulties she faced here was the food—she missed her Japanese diet.

But this is a minor problem. 'Overall I am very impressed with the friendliness of everyone I meet. The staff of Ursula College and people I deal with are very courteous and helpful,' she said.

After a year at ANU Keiko will return to Tsuda College and finish her degree in Linguistics with the aim of teaching Eng-lish in a junior high school following her father who is also a teacher. Her mother teaches flower arrangement while her grandfather, who lives with them, is a former mayor of their city. Her parents provide for her personal expenses while here and the Japanese Government pays her fares, fees and board.

Keiko is following a tradition of exchange students at Tsuda. The Col-lege's founder Umeko Tsuda was the first Japanese women to study in American after the opening of relations with Japan more than 100 years ago.

Graduation ceremonies The University will hold its next Con-

ferring of Degrees ceremony at the Can-berra School of Music on Friday 1 October at 2pm.

Degrees will be conferred on candi-dates in the Faculties of Arts, Asian Stu-dies, Economics, Law and Science: all Research Schools; and the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies.

Honorary degrees will be conferred on Emeritus Professor Geoffrey Sawer and Mr Hugh Stretton.

When John Moore retired last Christmas after 15 years as Supervisor of Grounds he had little thought of returning to work. Last week he was back on the job, called in when his successor went on leave.

But for Mr Moore this is no hardship as he enjoys the University's grounds and fondly remembers the landscaping of dif-ferent areas on the site.

His favourites among the areas he planted are the courtyards of the H. C.

ANU archaeologists press for Franklin River protection Two University archaeologists this week continued their campaign for protection of Tasmania's FrankUn River by releasing extracts from letters from prominent overseas colleagues supporting their aims.

Professor John Mulvaney, Professor of Prehistory and Head of the Department of Prehistory and Anthropology, Arts, and Dr Rhys Jones, Senior Fellow in the Depart-ment of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, released the extracts at a press conference at Parliament House.

Earlier this year they contacted many overseas colleagues outlining the threat posed to the archaeological value of the Franklin. More than 20 of them wrote to the Prime Minister, Mr Fraser, expressing their concern about the proposed flooding of the area for hydro-electric schemes.

According to the two ANU archaeolo-gists, the Franklin River valley is one of the world's most important resources for docu-menting human society during the last ice age when fully modern people colonised the globe.

Among the extracts from the letters, from eminent scholars in Canada, USA, the UK and New Zealand, was : • 'Flooding the Gordon River in the 1980s

would be as preposterous as flooding (Africa's) Olduvai Gorge in the 1950s would have been.' (Professor K. W. Butzer, University of Chicago.)

Coombs Building, the area around the Pukamani Poles and the roof garden leading to the Chifley Building.

7 love both natives and exotics,' Mr Moore said. 'But with labour costs increasing the University has to plant areas that will not be labour intensive. So we use a lot of shrubs and native trees and are in the process of installing automatic watering devices. Annuals would involve too much work.'

Mr Moore trained at the Burnley School of Horticulture in 1932 and worked for the Melbourne and Bruns-wick City Councils and the Yarralumla Nursery before joining ANU in 1967.

For many years he worked with John Stephen, the then landscape designer of the University, on the areas near Forestry and Botany, Graduate House and Mt Stromlo.

'Planting around Forestry was reward-ing because the staff knew what they wanted so they could use it for teaching purposes. We planted a lot of conifers then,' he said.

After 50 years of gardening Mr Moore says he still loves it and enjoys gardening at home as well. But he does have a cou-ple of pet hates: staff who park their cars on lawns and cyclists who ride over grassed areas instead of the paths pro-vided. 'Apart from them it has been a pleasant 15 years at ANU,' he said.

Survey looks at vote trends in Territory The major political parties will be keen to know the results of a survey of urban voting trends in the North-ern Territory.

The survey, carried out jointly by the ANU's North Australia Research Unit (NARU) and a team from Flinders Univer-sity explored changes of attitude and vote in the north which were shown up in a study of the 1980 Territory election.

That study was made by Dr Peter Love-day, Director of NARU, and Dr Dean Jaensch, of Flinders.

Their study, detailed in a publication. Under One Flag, revealed anomalies and changes in attitudes and voting patterns throughout the Northern Territory.

According to Dr Loveday, the results of the recent survey promise to include some strong implications for political parties and the Northern Territory electorate.

The results are now being processed by computer in Canberra and will be

announced at a one-day seminar in Darwin on 30 October.

The survey was conducted among 2500 people chosen at random from the electoral roll. While 75 per cent of them came from the Darwin metropolitan area, interviews with others were done at Jabiru, Nhulun-buy, Alice Springs, Katherine and Tennant Creek.

A total of 1945 completed questionnaires was obtained—a sample of almost one per-son in 15 of those on the electoral rolls of urban areas in the Northern Territory.

As Dr Loveday says, 'At social gatherings in Darwin these days, one is almost certain to meet someone who was a respondent in the survey.'

The research has suggested that there are several complementary explanations for the apparent changes in Northern Territory vot-ing trends.

Many people switch party allegiance as they move north, or their party identifica-tions are weakened. The apparent effects can

partly be explained by complex and selective demographic movements but NARU research has also shown that population movements to and from and within the Ter-ritory are unusually high.

However, NARU researchers also believe that a 'distinct northern variant' of Austral-ian society existing in the Northern Terri-tory has also contributed to changes in voting patterns.

The NARU survey is significant because, for the first time, a study will clearly differ-entiate between Territory voters and those in other parts of Australia. The Territory has too small a population to make an impact on national surveys.

The survey included a certain proportion of Aborigines who were on the electoral roll but researchers believe it may be necessary to conduct a separate survey. This is because the Aboriginal population, about a quarter of the Territory's total population of 127,000, is disproportionately resident in rural areas.

September: Thursday 23rd 10am-5pm, Friday 24th lOam-lOpm, Saturday 25th 10am-5pm THE RESEARCH SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES was formed in 1973, less than a decade ago. Originally established in 1952 as the Department of Geophysics in the Research School of Physical Sciences, it began with studies of rock mechanics, heat flow and seismology. This work was soon extended to include palaeomagnetism, geo-chemistry, and geological age and isotopic measurements. During the Apollo missions the School was heavily committed to lunar research. Recent developments include research in geophysical fluid dynamics and global geodynamics. It has about 40 aca-demic staff and about 90 administrative and support staff.

THE JOHN CURTIN SCHOOL OF MED-ICAL RESEARCH is not only named after one of Australia's best-known political sons, it owes much to one of the country's most eminent researchers—Lord Florey, whose work at Oxford took penicillin from a labor-atory curiosity to a medical marvel. Lord Florey guided the JCSMR's development from 1948-56 operating virtually as a non-resident Director and visiting Australia almost every year. JCSMR is also one of the original research schools of the University beginning in 1948 although its building was not completed till almost a decade later. In those early days staff worked at centres out-side Canberra, even in London, and later in temporary quarters in Canberra. The School has 100 academic staff and 220 sup-port staff.

THE RESEARCH SCHOOL OF PHYSI-CAL SCIENCES is one of the four original research schools of the University (there are now seven). Its first Director was one of Australia's most famous physicists. Sir Mark Oliphant. The school carries out basic experimental and theoretical work in the physical and mathematical sciences and its major interest lies in pure, rather than app-lied research. The School has about 120 aca-demic staff and about 200 support staff.

THE COMPUTER SERVICES CENTRE is one of the many service arms of the Uni-versity providing extensive computer and data processing facilities for academic and administrative staff as well as for undergrad-uate teaching. The Centre was established in 1965 and since then has co-ordinated an enormous growth in computer equipment on site, including the development of the campus network ANUNET. The Centre has 74 staff members working in different areas—the Director's section, the manage-ment services group, the data preparation group, systems support, user assistance, operations, network, technical services and the undergraduate facilities.

The September Open Days at the Australian National University give the public the chance to see part of Australia's national research institution. The three research schools on view—the John Cur-tin School of Medical Research, the Research School of Physical Sciences, the Research School of Earth Sciences—between them have about 770 academic and support staff, contributing to hundreds of pure and applied research projects.

This work is published in scientific journals, dis-cussed at academic conferences and much of it finds its way to the popular media. But all too often it is not really understood or appreciated by members of the public who have few opportunities to visit the laboratories and see scientists at work.

The Computer Services Centre, also on show during the Open Days, is an integral part of that research effort providing the computer tools which are becoming an essential part of modern research.

Computers as research tools In the days before computers, mathema-

ticians did their endless calculations by hand, economists laboured over graphs

to help make projections and chemists grappled with reams of paper to make sense of their experiments.

Now the processing of this complex data is more often than not handled by a computer—either the micro-computer on the researcher's desk or the large university systems handling work f rom many disciplines.

At the Australian National University, the Computer Services Centre houses two major computer systems and co-ordinates equipment and services for several others around the campus.

Services For some academics, the Centre has

become as important as their laboratory as they increasingly use its service for research work. Computers have also revolutionised the administrative load of the campus, han-dling student academic records, the payroll and other accounting work.

In fact, administrative services is a major growth area for the ANU's computer system with terminals placed in the offices of busi-ness managers to provide on-line facilities for maintaining administrative records.

Computer services are not restricted to academics and administrators; increasingly undergraduates are making use of the new technology and by next year an upgraded system will further expand the teaching area.

The UNIVAC The main academic computer, a UNI-

VAC 1100/82, is located within the Centre and provides researchers with interactive access via remote terminals in addition to classical batch processing.

Its interactive facilities enable the user to run and interact with programs in the UNI-VAC from a terminal in his office or home.

On the other hand the batch facilities ena-ble large, time-consuming programs to be run as low priority background activities when there is nothing more urgent to do.

ANUNET The ubiquitous terminals are linked to the

UNIVAC via ANUNET: a campus-wide communica t ions network of mini-computers (or nodes) which route traffic to the UNIVAC (the host computer). Such traffic might contain a command to run a program, or data for a program, or the results to be printed from a background pro-gram which has just finished. The inter-building wiring which carries this information traffic resembles the telephone cabling except that it is owned and main-tained by the University.

Currently there are four nodes serving local regions of the campus: CSC Node— CSC, RSPhysS, JCSMR and RSES; CMB Node—RSPacS and RSSS; HAC Node— Haydon-Allen and Copland buildings; LIF Node—RSBS and Science Faculty.

The UNIVAC is the only host on ANUNET at present, however, work is pro-ceeding to connect other major computers in the Joint Schools (H.C. Coombs building) and the Faculties (Copland building).

The Faculties The Centre also manages The Faculties

Computer System, a DEC-10 located in the Copland building.

This heavily loaded system provides for undergraduate teaching and will be upgraded early next year, reflecting the increasing roll of computing in undergradu-ate studies.

Its replacement, another DEC-10 but using later technology, will also become a host on ANUNET, enabling access by stu-dents and teachers from any terminal con-nected to ANUNET.

Administration The main administrative computer is a

FACOM M160F also located within the Centre. This system maintains personnel files and student records, it handles the Uni-versity's accounts, processes orders for stores and prints the pay cheques. The Uni-versity's administrators manage these records and files via another network of ter-minals and nodes connected to the FACOM and utilising the same cabling as ANUNET.

A smaller computer, an INFOREX 5000 housed in the Data Processing Unit, is linked to terminals in Chancelry. Its main function is compilation and processing of the central records filing system.

Researchers The UNIVAC is used most heavily by

researchers from physical sciences, chemis-try, economics, mathematics and computer sciences, performing calculations in a var-iety of areas including crystallography, eco-nometrics, modelling, numerical analysis, analysis of Census data and satellite sensed data, social surveys and opinion polls.

Other services to users include production of a weekly and quarterly bulletin, a large collection of machine readable documenta-tion, system user guides and various manu-als to assist users. The Centre also runs courses in run control language and terminal use, special seminars as well as courses to teach users the FORTRAN programming language.

Visitors to the Open Days will no doubt be impressed by the sophisticated equipment at the Computer Services Centre, but the big drawcard is likely to be the special room set aside for playing computer games.

Terminals have been programmed so that schoolchildren (and adults) can test their skills on Snake and Hunt the Wumpus.

If they can tear themselves away, they will be able to see the large UNIVAC and FACOM equipment at the Centre under normal operating conditions. Visitors will be able to see programs fed into the large computers and staff handling the day-to-day tasks like tape reading and off-line graphics plotting.

Work in the Research School of Earth Sciences illustrates the con., ceptual revolution that has occur-

red in the earth sciences in the past 20 years. The importance of this revolution can be compared with Darwin's theory of evolution in biology and Einstein's theory of relativity in physics.

Fundamental research by earth scientists has been integrated to produce a compre-hensive theory the theory of plate tecton-ics. This explains the behaviour of the Earth's crust and interior.

Earth scientists now have a better under-standing of how oceans and continents are formed, how mountains are made, why major earthquakes and volcanoes occur, and where mineral deposits may be found.

Transient continents The entrance foyer of RSES houses a major, permanent exhibition, The making and breaking of continents, which explains, in non-technical terms, the theory of plate tec-tonics, its implications, and contributions to the theory made by scientists at RSES. The theory is that the Earth's crust is divided into a series of enormous plates which: • Grow continually at volcanic ridges cen-

trally located beneath the deep oceans. • Migrate for distances of thousands of

kilometres, sometimes carrying conti-nents along with them, causing the phe-nomenon of 'continental drift'.

• Are finally destroyed in a complex series of processes leading to the generation of new continental crust.

Origin and evolution The Earth formed along with the rest of the solar system about 4500 million years ago. Unfortunately the record of the first 700 million years is lost. Research on meteorites and lunar samples fills the gap. The Earth accreted from a mixture of metal and silicate planetesimals. The metal sank to form the core; the less dense silicate materials formed the mantle from which the crust was derived by volcanic activity later in Earth history.

During the past 20 years geochronologists and isotope geochemists at ANU have deve-loped and refined techniques for dating rocks and understanding the geochemical evolution of the Earth. The instruments have been used to date some of the oldest rocks of the Earth, as well as lunar and meteoritic samples.

liiiiiiiYi ^ — — ^ ^ — . — — — • — ^

Investigating the planet Earth The Earth's interior Much information about the Earth's inter-nal structure comes from geophysical probes. The study of seismic (earthquake) waves, electromagnetic and gravity sound-ings have contributed to understanding of the Earth's layered structure—crust, mantle, outer and inner core.

Research geophysicists also make labora-tory measurements of the velocity of seismic waves in rocks and minerals under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions.

RSES geochemists pioneered the study of the chemical behaviour and properties of rocks and minerals at ultra-high pressures and temperatures which correspond to con-

Minute lunar fragment: scanning electron microscope photograph of a 1mm glass sphere coated with spatter which was

formed by fusion of lunar soil during meteorite impact. Photo: NASA

ditions at depths up to 1000km in the Earth's interior. This has provided information about the generation of magmas (molten rocks) from the mantle and how crystal structures of minerals are changed by the effects of high temperature and pressure.

The fluid behaviour of molten rocks inside the magma chambers of volcanoes will be demonstrated by laboratory experi-ments and films.

Crust of the Earth Seismic waves are used to study the constitu-tion and structure of the Earth's crust, par-ticularly beneath the Australian continent.

Visitors will see computer modelling of some major geological structures on the Earth's surface and how these structures affect the strength of the crust.

Complementing the seismic and gravity measurements are studies of the Earth's elec-trical conductivity. On a regional scale, these studies depend on natural electric currents which originate from solar processes. These experiments provide information on the Earth's electrical conductivity, which in turn depends on the composition, fabric, temper-ature and water content of the rocks of the crust and upper mantle.

Studies of trace elements and isotopes have revealed that the continental crust of the Earth has grown in an episodic manner throughout geological time. A major epi-sode of growth occurred about 2500 million years ago. The composition and evolution of the crust are studied mainly from chemical changes in sedimentary rocks as they sample the exposed rocks of the crust.

The oceans The oceans have become a major area of research at RSES: oceanic mixing and con-vection processes are studied.

Much experimental work involves mixing simple ingredients to simulate some of the complex processes that occur in the ocean. An interesting sidelight of this research has been to cast doubt on the present proposal to transport icebergs from Antarctica to Aus-tralia for use as sources of fresh water.

John Fitzgerald Deformed twin and grain structures in natu-ral crystals of the albite variety of the min-eral feldspar. This photograph of a thin section of rock was recorded using polarised white light in a petrographic microscope.

The moon The manned lunar landings provided a uni-que opportunity to investigate directly the composition of another planetary body, and to study its relationship to the Earth and meteorites.

Scientists at RSES were well represented in the investigations of lunar material and have contributed significantly to theories of lunar origin, age and history.

NASA has provided samples of the Moon which will be on display. There will be illus-trated lectures on lunar and planetary science.

Exhibition details the Earth as a habitat for Man A fundamental knowledge of the Earth's structure, composi-tion and evolution is inevitably related to a rational search for non-renewable natural resources.

Plate tectonic theories have led to new conepts related to the origin and location of oil and mineral deposits. Conse-quently, no matter how academic a research program in the earth sciences may appear, it is likely, in the long term, to make a practical contribution to man. Radioactive waste While the collection of fundamental knowledge in the earth sciences has helped the exploration of Australia's mineral and energy deposits, academic research at ANU on the Earth's interior and an understanding of how nature immob-ilises radioactive elements, have been applied to tackle one of the biggest problems facing the nuclear industry—what to do with radioactive wastes from nuclear power stations. A solution to this problem, a ceramic wasteform called SYN-ROC, has been developed at RSES. Recent climatic history Research in the Environmental Geochemistry laboratories provides data on Australia's climatic history during the past million years. Knowledge of past climatic changes in the southern hemisphere lags behind that of the northern hemisphere.

One study involves investigating variations in stable iso-tope ratios preserved in seasonal growth bands in corals, giant clams, and trees from the Great Barrier Reef province.

Drill cores from dry inland lakes are studied by chemical

Doug Christie Morning Glory cloud formation near Burke town on the Gulf of Carpentaria. This formation is produced by a soli-tary wave. Waves of this type normally occur as sudden clear air disturbances which are a hazard to aircraft at low

altitudes.

and isotopic methods in order to document past climatic variations. Information about Australia's recent climatic history is vital to understanding factors presently controlling our climate and to predicting the effects of changes such as the increasing levels of carbon dioxide resulting from com-bustion of fossil fuels.

Local earthquakes RSES operates a seismic network to monitor the seismic activity in south eastern Australia, an area characterised by sporadic earthquake activity. Ahhough the seismic risk is relatively low compared with other seismic belts in the world, it is significant. Hazards to aircraft A relatively new area of research at RSES is the propagation of large amplitude solitary waves in the atmosphere over northern Australia. These waves produce short, transient winds near the Earth's surface. This research has highlighted a significant and previously unrecognised risk to aircraft during landing and take-off. Early man Isotope dating at RSES has been used to resolve one of the most controversial debates concerning the timescale and evolution of Man. A display near the School's library gives the background and technical information on dating some of the earliest hominid remains in Africa, found by Richard Leakey and his team.

The Research School of Pacific Studies has its radiocar-bon (C-I4) dating laboratory in RSES. The laboratory was established to date organic samples relating to the last 40000 years. The decay of radiocarbon can also be used for estab-lishing chronologies of glaciation and sedimentation, past sea levels, and ancient climates; C-I4 can also tell us about the sources and intensity of man-made pollution of the atmosphere, land and rivers.

The Research School of Physical Scien-ces carries out work in selected branches of the physical and mathem-

atical sciences. The emphasis is on basic research but visitors to the Open Days will see many exciting applications, for example the new kind of metals, 'glassy' metals stu-died in Solid State Physics; the use of lasers as an experimental tool and the way compu-ters are being used in the learning process. Astronomy The University's two observatories—at Mt Stromlo near Canberra and at Siding Spring in the Warrumbungle Ranges near Coonabarabran—have made it the major centre for astronomy in the southern hemisphere.

The observatories are at present engaged in two major new research projects— designing the instrument package for the STARLAB space telescope and installation of the 2.3m 'Next Generation' telescope at Siding Spring.

The instrument package for the STAR-LAB project is being designed at Mt Stromlo; and the Federal Government recently announced a $3.37 million grant for development of this work. The detector sys-tem will be the ultra-large format photon counting array, the most sensitive light detecting system in the world, which was developed at Mt Stromlo.

Systems engineering The challenge for systems engineers is to develop schemes to control complex engi-neering systems, like electrical power sys-tems, telecommunications networks or chemical plants to optimise engineering designs and make most efficient use of resources.

One example of the need to control com-plex engineering systems is found in the air-craft industry in the design of future transport aircraft with maximum fuel effi-ciency. Aircraft wings must be long and lightweight for maximum fuel efficiency but this design also means they are flexible and subject to extreme vibration.

Unless this wing flutter is controlled there is a risk that the wing will actually split from the aircraft. The aim is to provide a control scheme to minimise wing flutter and control systems theory developed by systems engi-neers provides the basic theory to solve this sort of problem.

A crystal of calcite, which has the property of double refraction, is one example of mate-

rials studied in Solid State Physics.

Mathematics Mathematics has advanced so rapidly in the past 40 years that most areas of its research now carry names almost incomprehensible to many people. But though names hke ordi-nary and partial differential equations, func-tional analysis, and group representations may sound remote they have applications in other areas of science and technology.

For example, ideas developed in func-tional analysis have been very useful in mod-ern numerical analysis. Group representations have proved useful in the study of modern particle physics.

iffliiiM Quarks to STARLAB in Physical Sciences

Servicing the 2m scattering chamber in the target area of the MUD Accelerator.

Solid state physics Understanding the properties of solid mate-rials such as metals, glasses, alloys, crystals, semi-conductors and insulators is becoming increasingly important to our tech-nologically-oriented society.

Solid state physics research has important technical and industrial applications because it can lead to the development of new materials better suited to various tasks.

The Department of Solid State Physics also uses lasers to study the optical proper-ties of light absorption and the fluorescence of crystals and glasses containing small amounts of magnetic impurities.

Atomic and molecular Lightning, gas lasers and neon signs are examples of electrical effects which involve the collision of low-energy electrons and ions with neutral gas particles—that is, charged atomic matter colliding with neutral atomic matter.

In the Electron and Ion Diffusion Unit, electrons and ions are studied under condi-tions simulating those in nature and in man-made devices.

The experiments study the collective, or bulk behaviour of a group of electrons and ions which may be likened to a swarm of bees. From the collective behaviour of this 'swarm' researchers can work back to gain an understanding of individual collisions at the atomic level. In contrast to this bulk experimental tech-nique, other physicists in the group study the collisions between uncharged atoms and molecules by targeting a single beam of par-ticles against another beam of particles.

This work, carried out in the Molecular Beam Laboratory, and coupled with a theo-retical approach, examines the forces acting between individual molecules and is of fun-damental importance to chemistry. The Diffusion Research Unit looks at the diffusion processes in liquids, studying liq-uids under a range of conditions including very low temperatures and high pressures.

In the Ultraviolet Physics Unit, researchers use a special 2.2m monochromator through which ultraviolet radiation is passed to study its absorption by gaseous matter. The vacuum equipment is needed because the air molecules in conventional spectrometers would merely absorb the ultraviolet rays before they interacted with the gases. Theoretical physics Quarks, monopoles and leptons are some of the most intriguing subjects occupying the minds of theoretical physicists. These sub-atomic particles, thought to be the basic con-stituents of matter, are at one end of the spectrum of the work carried out by the Department of Theoretical Physics into properties of matter in many different forms.

Research ranges from these basic particles through atomic nuclei to the bulk properties of solids, liquids, gases and plasmas, which are involved in nuclear fusion research. Plasma research Visitors to the Plasma Research Laboratory will see a WOMBAT with a difference—a large, general purpose machine for studying plasmas in outer space. With this apparatus, scientists can simulate conditions of space plasmas, particularly those surrounding planets and see what happens when electron beams and radio frequency waves hit the plasmas.

A plasma is a type of hot gas produced when gas is heated to a high temperature, causing some of the electrons to be knocked off the atoms.

Interest in plasma physics has accelerated over the past two decades as scientists have recognised the potential use of thermo-nuclear fusion in power production.

To reproduce this process on Earth a plasma must be heated to about 100 million degrees and contained and insulated from its environment by a magnetic field. In the RSPhysS, a large device called a LT-4 Tokamak is used to carry out plasma experi-ments at temperatures reaching six million degrees.

Nuclear physics The MUD Tandem Electrostatic Accelera-tor is probably the most visible research equipment on campus. The accelerator, housed in a 40m high tower on the southern edge of the site, is the centre for the Universi-ty's nuclear physics research.

The accelerator is a tool used to produce a beam of high energy particles, comprising complex collections of nucleons (protons or neutrons). During experiments the beam of particles is directed to a target, usually con-sisting of a thin film.

By observing what happens when the par-ticles interact with atoms in the target mate-rial, scientists gather more information about the structure of nuclear systems. The interactions are observed and recorded using radiation detectors which transmit the information back from the experimental area to the control room via electrical impulses. Applied mathematics This is an interdisciplinary department with physicists, chemists, mathematicians, biolo-gists and electrical engineers studying areas not usually covered by traditional physics departments.

One area looks at the surface forces which act between small particles and a special machine, developed at the ANU, has opened up this whole area by providing a tool for the precise measurement of these forces.

Another area of research is optical physics and the use of optical fibres to transmit mes-sages by modulated light beams. These tiny filaments are now being used to carry tele-phone conversations, and the Department investigates ways of improving design and manufacture and how the ability of the fibres to transmit information is affected by external factors such as bending. Engineering physics The White Cliffs solar energy power station constructed on the NSW coast is one exam-ple of the energy research carried out by the Department of Engineering Physics.

This project, funded by the NSW Govern-ment, is part of the Department's interest in developing alternatives to fossil fuels. The emphasis is on sun and wind energy and an important part of the research is to identify favourable areas for harnessing this natural power and converting, transporting and storing the energy so that it can compete with existing systems. Also in the Department, scientists work on electronic information systems and how they can be used to extend cognitive abilities in humans. This man-machine communica-tion includes projects on using computers to teach various skills such as handwriting and speech which involve visual or auditory perception.

Computerised methods of teaching handw-riting have particular applications for handi-

capped people. The other main area of work in the Depart-ment involves the possibility of harnessing the extreme temperatures produced by laser interactions to produce energy by thermo-nuclear fusion—the reaction the sun uses to produce its energy.

The John Curtin School of Medical Research is an interdisciplinary centre whose 11 departments often combine

to work on the same project. The emphasis in the school is on understanding the basis of human disease and disorders and their treat-ment and the displays for Open Days have been organised under broad themes taking in several different projects

The DNA story Genetic engineering is a new and exciting field of biological research and the Depart-ment of Biochemistry has been at the fore-front of these developments.

Genetic engineering is the controlled modification of the gene, or more specifi-cally the DNA molecule, which controls the synthesis of proteins. By manipulating bac-terial DNA it is possible to synthesise selected proteins in large quantities through the process of cloning.

Cancer work The study of cancer is a good example of the interdisciplinary approach of the JCSMR, with five separate departments working on different aspects of the disease.

Cancer is increasingly being linked to the action of the DNA molecule and biochem-ists are looking at how cell growth in cancer can be restricted by a drug which inhibits an enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis.

The Medical Chemistry group, which over the years has been a world leader in studies of selective toxicity, is researching how toxic anti-tumor drugs can be given in smaller non-toxic doses as a cancer treat-ment. This can only be done if a harmless 'amplifying substance' is added to the dose and it is this 'amplifier' which is thought to act on the DNA molecule.

At the cellular level, the changes occurring in cancer are studied with the aid of the light and electron microscope in the Department of Experimental Pathology. These studies follow the tumor's invasion of surrounding normal tissue and the spread of tumor colo-nies into distant tissue through migration in the blood stream or the lymphatic system.

The Department of Human Biology is studying the susceptibility of individuals to cancer-forming chemicals. Several enzymes are known to break down toxic chemicals to make them harmless, and so provide a pro-tection against cancer.

One of these protective enzymes is some-times absent from the Australian population and the department is investigating the genetic implications of this deficiency to see if the incidence of cancer is higher in these affected individuals.

HIIDATII An interdisciplinary approach to medicine Cancer can be regarded as a cell clone

running out of control. Certain viruses, by inducing changes in the cell's DNA, produce this unregulated growth. The Department of Microbiology has a cell sorter (the FACS machine) which separates cells according to their DNA content and identifies the pres-ence of cancerous cells. This machine is a recent addition to JCSM R equipment and is used to follow the development of cancer and the progress of treatment by chemotherapy.

The constriction of small blood vessels and its influence on blood pressure is studied in the arterioles of the mesentary of rat intes-tine. The insets show a microscopic view of the constricting arteriole before and after

activation of its nerve supply. Fighting disease Many other diseases are studied in the JCSMR and visitors to the Open Days will see a range of displays and demonstrations of the work being done.

The Department of Microbiology also looks at the consequences of viral infections. Antigens, specific for a given virus, act as tags on the surface of infected cells and so enable the appropriate antibody to find and destroy the cell. These dead cells can then be identified by a differential dye and a spectro-photometer is then used to measure dye lev-els and assess the effectiveness of the antibody response.

Parking for visitors

Parking for COSSBS

The Department of Human Biology is studying the genetic contribution to disease, for example why it is that some babies react badly to the whooping cough vaccine. Other work relates to the respiratory condition, emphysema, caused by the ineffective sup-pression of a digestive enzyme, trypsin. This uncontrolled trypsin activity destroys lung tissue leading to emphysema.

Wound healing, acute and chronic inflam-mation, arterial disease and the mechanisms of cellular movement are among the subjects studied in the Department of Experimental Pathology.

The Department of Medicine and Clinical Science is interested in a wide range of clini-cal conditions including the treatment of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, thrombo-sis, heart disease, asthma and muscle dis-eases linked to anaesthetic complications and the sudden infant death syndrome.

Special attention is now being given to diseases of the digestive pathways, the action of intestinal muscle and human inflamma-tory cells. Open Day visitors will be able to see instruments for viewing the stomach and intestine as well as tests for blood pressure and lung function.

Also involved in research into clinical conditions is the Department of Physical Biochemistry, where staff are investigating how errors in body proteins may lead to the development of certain conditions such as sickle cell anaemia or senile cataract.

Proteins have long molecules with chemi-cal groups which bind or stick to one another. This stickiness is useful for the for-mation of natural fibres such as hair or in the take-up and release of oxygen by haemo-globin. But if something goes amiss when DNA synthesises the protein then the mole-cules 'self associate' or stick in the wrong way causing various clinical conditions.

_Bus parking in Tr^^^r-^gg'eston Rd

A picture from the electron microscope shows how the human chromosome appears to be constructed of a single, threadlike

DNA molecule. The nervous system The control of blood pressure by the nervous system is one of the research areas of Phar-macology. The farther arteries travel from the heart, the smaller they become until they are small enough to be classed as arterioles. As the vessel diameter diminishes, the resist-ance to blood flow increases and the heart must pump harder to increase blood pres-sure. Blood pressure changes can be pro-duced by manipulating impulses to change the diameter of the arteriole.

The physiological responses in pain are also being studied by the Department of Pharmacology. Under certain circumstan-ces nerve cells in the spinal cord produce morphine-like substances that suppress pain. The researchers record pain responses from single nerve cells and study the applica-tion of this work to the relief of pain in clinical conditions.

Experiments to unravel the complexity of brain function are conducted in the Depart-ments of Physiology and Experimental Neurology.

Physiology concentrates on the visual pathways in the eye and brain, how the eye focusses an image on the retina, and starts nerve signals running to the brain. Record-ing electrodes positioned in the retina and at various points in the brain allow researches to listen to the signals passing in single nerve cells. By decoding these messages, it is possi-ble to anticipate the way the brain interprets visual information.

Experimental Neurology looks at the way the brain regulates muscular movement. Experiments carried out with micro-recording electrodes have revealed an area on the surface of the brain which delivers programming instructions to the spinal nerves controlling the movement of limbs. These studies will help researchers under-stand voluntary movement of muscles and shed light on the deficiencies causing spastic-ity and paralysis.

Finger movements, guided by activity in the brain, are analysed by studying singleframes of a film taken as the animal removes food

from a tray.

Guide to the departments Biochemistry, Physical Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry all study the chemical reactions in biological processes and look for ways of overcoming deficiencies in the body's system. In recent years, work on the DNA molecule, the essential component in the genetic code, has opened a new field.

Pharmacology has a more immediate interest in the effects of drugs and pharma-ceuticals but with Physiology and Experi-mental Neurology is also involved in work on the nervous system. By recording the nerve impulses in single cells the three groups are trying to find how the brain receives and acts on information from inside and outside the body. This work will aid clinical diagnosis of neurological defects.

Other departments are directly concerned with studies into different aspects of the dis-ease process. Human Biology examines the genetic mechanisms involved in disease; Experimental Pathology the changes in cells and tissues that occur in disease. Microbiol-ogy the micro-organisms that produce dis-ease; Immunology the natural defence processes that help the body in its fight against disease and Medicine and Clinical Science looks for solutions to medical prob-lems in hospital patients.

BRIEFLY Library news The University Library has acquired a large part of the library of the late Clinton Hartley Grattan, the well-known American literary editor and writer on Australia and the Pacific.

On Tuesday, 28 September, at 5pm, in the McDonald Room, Menzies Building, the Chancellor, Sir John Crawford, will open an exhibition of books from this collection, in the presence of the American Ambassador, Mr Robert D. Nesen.

On Wednesday, 29 September, at 5.30pm, in the Library Seminar Room, Menzies Building, Dr Michael Hunter, Lecturer in History at Birkbeck College, London, will speak to the Friends of the Library and the Colophon Society on The origins of modern book collecting'.

Burgmann College Burgmann College, which has about 240 male and female residents and is affiliated with the ANU, is inviting applications from men and women for the position of Master to begin duties at the beginning of the 1983 academic year.

The appointment may be either part-time or full-time and applicants may have an aca-demic or other suitable background. A house in the College grounds is available and salary, allowances and other conditions of appointment will be negotiated.

Inquiries and applications should be made to the Secretary to the Council, c/o Burgmann College Incorporated, PO Box 1345, Canberra City, ACT 2601. Applica-tions close on 30 September.

Bicentenary project The Australian Academy of the Humanities has undertaken a special project as part of its contribution to the 1988 Bicentenary celebrations.

The project is to promote new areas of research work on Australia's cultural his-tory, with the focus mainly on the various attitudes, sciences and disciplines, individu-als, institutions and policies which have expressed, contributed to or helped shape the country's intellectual and cultural life.

The project will comprise two new ventures—a series of annual seminars and a new journal Australian Cultural History, published by the Academy in association with the History of Ideas Unit at the ANU; and the establishment of awards for out-standing scholarly work on Australian cul-tural history.

Women and Politics Prize The winner of the 1982 $500 Women and Politics Prize is Sara Dowse, former head of the Office of Women's Affairs in the Federal Government. Ms Dowse is a former teacher in the Women Studies Program at the ANU. Her entry The Women's Movement Fan-dango with the State: Some Thoughts on the Movement's Role in Public Policy since 1972 was described by the judges as present-ing a practical lesson for the future interac-tion between the women's movement and public policy-making.

The Prize was established by the Austral-ian Political Studies Association women's caucus. It was funded this year by the Aus-tralian Institute of Political Science as part of its 50th anniversary celebrations.

Sara Dowse has published a range of fic-tion and non-fiction and has directed a short film. The prize-winning essay is part of a book edited by Bettina Cass and Cora Bal-dock entitled Women and Welfare to be published by George Allen and Unwin later this year.

The University last week hosted an unusual conference organised to promote more international co-operation in Chinese bibliographical automation. The conference, the first truly international one of its kind, was arranged by representatives of the University Library, the National Library and the University of Hong Kong and attracted computer scientists, engineers, physicists, systems analysts, linguists and librarians. Sixth-four people attended from China, both the mainland and Taiwan, Japan, the United States, Malaysia, Singapore and from around Australia. The delegates were shown an advanced system from the Transtech International Corporation, of Natick, Massachusetts. The system, called Sinoterm, is an advanced system for text generation and editing in Chinese. It is one of many commercially available systems and can be made in a simpler version and used as a Chinese typewriter or with sophisticated logic as an intelligent terminal. It uses four languages—Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean. ABOVE: Mr Yin-Shan

Lin with the Sinoterm.

Japan trip Two students from the Faculty of Asian Stu-dies won the principal prizes at the Japanese language contests held recently in Brisbane. The students are Mr Ross Rowbury, 20, who won the Open Section and Mr Philip Mit-chell, 21, who won the Senior Section. Mr Mitchell was one of the first students to enrol in the one-year intensive Japanese course, which began in 1978, conducted by the Department of Japanese.

The contest was organised by the Japan Foundation and both students, who are friends, won a trip to Japan.

Mr Rowbury and Mr Mitchell also took part in the National intervarsity debate, con-ducted in Japanese, at the Japan Cultural Centre in Melbourne last weekend, compet-ing with Monash University in the open div-ision. They won first prize. R. H. Stokes Medal Dr R. Mills, of the Diffusion Research Unit, Research School of Physical Sciences, has won the R. H. Stokes Medal for his work on ionic diffusion coefficients.

The medal was awarded to him during the recent Royal Australian Chemical Institute Conference held at the ANU.

Dr Mills, a physical chemist, was the second chemist to be awarded the medal, named after Professor R. H. Stokes, of New England University, who is a world leader in the field of electrochemistry. The medal is awarded every two years.

Dr Mills is Senior Fellow and Head of the Diffusion Research Unit. Students' Association The ANU Students' Association has called for nominations for several positions, including president, treasurer and the edi-tors of the student newspaper Woroni.

The positions are for next year and nomi-nations must be signed by a nominator and seconder and carry a signed declaration of the student's acceptance of the nomination. Nominations close at 5pm on Thursday 16 September and if necessary an election will be held from 27 September to I October.

The positions available are for president, treasurer, trustee, secretary, editors of Woroni and also for delegates to the 1983 Australian Union of Students' Annual Council (five places).

Acta A performance art event called Act 3 will be held in the Canberra School of Art Gallery from 8-10 October. Act 3 is the third exhibi-tion of its kind and covers the work of 10 selected artists. Two of them, Joan Grounds and Aleks Danko will use the Studio 1 space in the ANU Arts Centre for their work dur-ing the event.

Caltex scholarship Applications are invited for the Caltex Scholarship open to women who are Aus-tralian citizens or who have lived here con-tinuously for seven years.

They must have completed or be complet-ing a degree this year at an Australian uni-versity or other tertiary institution, or a diploma after having previously completed a degree.

The scholarship is tenable at a University or other tertiary institution in Europe including the UK and Ireland, the US or Canada or an approved university or other tertiary institution in any other country. The scholarship may be tenable at an Australian university in appropriate circumstances.

One award is made for each State. Each scholarship is for a maximum of two years for up to $7500 per year together with reim-bursement of up to $1000 for the cost of travel to and from the country where the scholarship will be taken up. Applications close on 30 September and should be made to Mrs M. Sager, c/o the University of Sydney.

Exam confidence The University Counselling Centre will run a group to instil confidence in students facing exams at the end of the year.

The theme of the group is 'Learning to be confident and comfortable in the exam room'.

Topics will include an understanding of the nature and causes of exam fear, practice of exam-taking skills and learning anxiety management skills. The group will run for four weeks, beginning Wednesday, 22 Sep-tember, from 12.30pm to 2pm. Contact David Zilber, 492442. Alternative times may be available.

Timely review of 'marriage' In September 1960, exactly 22 years ago, Canberra's marriage of the year took place. The partners were the Canberra University College and the Australian National University. At the time there were some mutterings and a few cries of 'it will never work'. How-ever, after 22 relatively happy years the dis-senting voices have disappeared and although there have been occasional differ-ences, the marriage is firmer than ever. Out-siders might even say it's hard to determine which partner needs the other the most.

Certainly a mature review of how it func-tions is timely.

For this purpose a small working party, called the Interface Committee, and chaired by Professor R. St Clair Johnson of Clas-sics, has started meeting.

Members include Professor D. P. Craig, Research School of Chemistry, Professor D. M. Griffin, Forestry, Professor J. D. B. Miller, International Relations, and the Registrar, Mr G. Dicker. The committee was set up earlier this year by Professor I. Ross, then acting Vice-Chancellor.

Professor Johnson said the committee would examine the different conditions in which staff in the Institute and The Faculties work.

'We'll examine the benefits of more fre-quent exchange between the two. This could benefit both sides, giving staff from The Faculties a chance to pursue research pro-jects and give Institute staff the opportunity to practise their lecturing skills and gain sti-mulus from teaching,' he said.

The committee will examine how doc-toral students could benefit from supervi-sion from both Faculties and Institute staff. Greater co-operation in supervision of PhD students was recommended by a committee lead by Professor Wang Gungwu four years ago.'

One area of investigation will probably be applauded by many: the committee is exa-mining whether University committees could be reduced in number and in size.

Professor Johnson said one of the compli-cating factors was the greater degree of cen-tralisation in The Faculties compared with the autonomy of each of the seven research schools.

When appointing the committee Profes-sor Ross said he was aware that many stu-dents in a discipline such as science graduated from the University without ever hearing lectures from leading figures in that field in the research schools.

If distinguished Institute staff lectured in The Faculties the students would have a clearer idea of the strengths of the research schools.

'At present the result is that we have a graduate body which knows little of the range and strength of the research schools. Our graduates have little reason to identify with the entire University—The Faculties and the Institute—in the way graduates of other major universities identify with their institution,' Professor Ross said.

The committee is also investigating whether more collaborative research and staff interchanges could be arranged between matching departments such as mathematics, sociology, political science, law and history in both The Faculties and the Institute.

Professor Johnson said the committee was keen to hear from people with com-ments on issues under review or who wanted other topics raised. JhtANU Reporter wel-comes letters on these issues.

Diary Diary entries for the next issue close at 5pm on Wednesday 15 September and are for the period Monday 27 September to Wednesday 13 October (inclusive). Please assist us by submitting ALL Diary entries on forms available from Infor-mation, 4144. Monday 13 September Psychology sem, Liz Reymond-Visual acuity in birds of prey and man, 3.30pm, rm 210 Physics. Political Science RSSS sem, Chris Fisher—The law and politics of industrial relations: the coal industry acts of 1946, 4pm, sem rm D Coombs. Tuesday 14 September ORAM sem, Dr Paul Ramsden—Improving univer-sity teaching: implications from research on student learning, 10.30am, common rm D Block Childers Street. ANV Club for Women coffee morning, Mrs Jane Bauer— Darwin as a frontier city, 10am, Molly Huxley rm, University House. Political & Social Change RSPacS sem. Prof J.A.C. Mackie and Dr A.C. Milner— Social banditry, dacoits and counter culture in Southeast Asia, 1 lam, sem rm C Coombs. Pacific & Southeast Asian His-tory RSPacS sem, Donald Denoon—The medical dimen-sion of Australia—Papua New Guinea relationships, 2-3.30pm, sem rm E Coombs. Demography RSSS sem, D. Jones—Differences in women's labour force participation in Asia—problem of definitions, culture or economy? 3.30pm, sem rm A Coombs. ANU Film Group, Altered states, 7.30pm, Coombs LT. Pacific & Southeast Asian His-tory sem, Donald Denoon— The medical dimension of Australia—Papua New Guinea relationships, 2-3.30pm, sem rm E Coombs. Wednesday 15 September Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations Economics sem. Prof T. Wilson—Welfare economics and the welfare state, 12.30pm, rm 2071 Copland. Ladies Drawing Room lunch, Audrey Dargan—The ANU campus: a caring community, $3, 12.30pm, University House. CRES sem, Mr R.Fowler-Environmental law—recent Australian developments, 12.30-2pm, CRES. History of Ideas Unit RSSS sem, Dr A. Walicki—Rosa Luxemburg and the national question on Polish Marxism, 1 lam, sem rm A Coombs. Faculties Staff I Student Forum, Mai Anderson—Modern Dar-winisticism and the origin of the specious, 1pm, Haydon-Allen LT. Asian History and Civilisations RSPacS I Asian Studies sem, Ranajit Guha and Dr J.T.F. Jordens—The novelist as politi-cal historian, 4pm, rm 311 Asian Studies. JSCMR School Lecture, Dr Andrew Geczy—Evidence for the involvement of plasmids in the aetiology of ankylosing spondylitis, 4pm, Florey LT. Linguistics Faculties sem, Carolyn Coleman—Gunbalang verb morphology, 4pm, rm 2135 Dedman. Human Geography RSPacS sem. Sand reform or Socialist agriculture? Rural development in PDR Yemen, 1967-82, 2pm, sem rm C Coombs. Thursday 16 September History RSSS sem, Dr Marian Aveling—'Reconstructing past lives' without 'writing history

from below', or 'telling what really happened', 1 lam, sem rm D Coombs. International Relations RSPacS sem, Dr W.W. Harris—The Lebanon crisis: implications for the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1 lam, sem rm B Coombs. RSCI Chemistry Science jC SIRO Organic Chemistry sem, Dr D. Wege—Some Diels-Alder chemistry of Furans, 11am, rm 134 RSC. RSES sem, Dr Tom Torgersen and Dr M.E. Longmore—Cs-137 diffusion in organic sedi-ments. Distribution coefficient determination in Pb-210 dated sediments in Hidden Lake, 4pm, sem rm Jaeger. A NU Film Group. Sisters, Pep-permint soda, 7.30pm, Coombs LT. Friday 17 September ANU Film Group, The thirty-nine steps. Eye of the needle, 7.30pm, Coombs LT. Forestry ANUjCSIRO Joint Full-Day Seminar, on Ecologi-cal research and silvicultural practice on south coast forests, from 9am in rm 4 Forestry, con-venors Dr R. Florence (ANU), Dr M. Austin, Dr A. Aston (CSIRO), contact 2619/2582. Philosophy Arts sem, Mr W. Ginnane—Kripke on Wittgen-stein—10am, rm 2097 Haydon-Allen. International Relations RSPacS sem, Dr R. Herr—The United States in the Pacific under the Reagan administra-tion, 1 lam, sem rm B Coombs. Political Science Arts sem, G.C. Davis—The myth of autonomy: politics and the ABC, 1 lam, rm 1004 Arts III. History Arts sem, Ms Wendy Harcourt—An analysis of the medical discourse relating to women's bodies in the 19th cen-tury, 3pm, rm 1133 Haydon-Allen. Sunday 19 September ANV Film Group, The moods of surfing. Tubular swells. Big Wednesday, 1.30pm, Coombs LT. University House Film Society, Drums along the Mohawk, 8.30pm, University House com-mon rm, members and friends, supper, $5, 6.30-8pm, Bistro Bar. Monday 20 September History of Ideas Unit RSSS sem, Prof Gianfranco Poggi— The emergence of the Western bourgeoisie: a narrative of the Weber thesis, 1 lam, sem rm A Coombs. Psychology sem, John Trotter—The nature of lan-guage, 3.30pm, rm 210 Physics. Political Science RSSS sem, C. Hughes—When the boys come home: the return of the BWIR, 4pm, sem rm D Coombs. University Cooperative Credit Society Limited AGM, 5.30pm, Bruce Hall common rm. Tuesday 21 September ANU Film Group, 2001: a space odyssey, 7.30pm, Coombs LT. Philosophy RSSS sem. Prof Richard Swinburne—The crite-ria of personal identity. Ham, sem rm F Coombs. Political & Social Change RSPacS sem, Dr Francisco Nemanzo—From National Lib-eration Army to crime syndi-cate: the Sumulong Gang in Pampanga, Philippines, Ham, sem rm C Coombs. RSC Physical and Theoretical Chemistry sem, Dr B.P. Clark—Vibrational optical activity, Ham, rm 57 RSC. University House Lyrics at Lunchtime, 12.30pm, Forrest rm (by the Cellar Bar Univer-sity House, BYO lunch and drink. Philosophy RSSS Logic Group sem. Prof S.J. Surma—Closure

operators with the deduction property, 2pm, sem rm F Coombs. Pacific & Southeast Asian His-tory sem, Bruce Knapman— Business imperialism? Burns Philp in Fiji, 1920-1939, 2-3.30pm, sem rm E Coombs. Demography RSSS sem, D. Lucas—Let sterilisation thrive: the partial eclipse of the pill in Canberra, Victoria and NSW, 3.30pm, sem rm A Coombs. Wednesday 22 September Canberra Times Literary Luncheon—Margaret Atwood, Canadian writer and poet, 12.30pm, Hall University House. Tickets $10 from Pro-motions Manager, Canberra Times. History of Ideas Unit RSSS sem, Dr A. Walicki—Ancient freedom and modern freedom: the case of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth, 1 lam, sem rm A Coombs. Faculties Staff j Student Forum, Dr Bill Craven—Uses of the past: meanings in History, 1pm, Haydon-Allen LT. Asian History and Civilisations Asian Studies sem, Ranajit Guha and Dr J.T.F. Jordens— 'Urban growth and municipal development in the town of Burdwan, 1884-1947' by Indrani Ganguli, 4pm, rm 311 Asian Studies. Linguistics Faculties sem, Prof Einar Haugen—Language cho-ice: the life and death of lan-guages, 4pm, rm 2135 Dedman. Romance Languages French films. La denonciation, 8.15pm. rm 1175 Dedman. Thursday 23 September ANU Film Group, Andrei Rublev, Stalker, 7.30pm, Coombs LT. CRES sem, Dr E. Shann— Policy issues in mineral sector growth in Australia, 12.30pm, 5th floor sem rm CRES. International Cookerv Group, ANU Club for Women, Food through the centuries, 8pm, Molly Huxley rm, acceptances to Anna Steele, 544498. History RSSS sem, Dr J.J. Matthews—TBA, Ham, sem rm D Coombs. International Relations RSPacS sem, DrT. B. Millar-Controlling nuclear prolifera-tion: treaties and safeguards, 1 lam, sem rm B Coombs. Linguistics RSPacS sem, Mr Peter Silzer—Name every tag-meme, fill every slot: miscel-laneous thoughts towards the perfect language description. 2pm, sem rm C Coombs. Friday 24 September Philosophy Arts sem, Mr G. Atkinson and Mr D. Khlentzos-Pragmatic vs. semantic theories of meaning: a symposium, 10am, rm 2097 Haydon-Allen. Political Science Arts sem, A.R. Marques—Military involve-ment in Portuguese politics since 1974, 1 lam, rm 1004 Arts III. History Arts sem, Dr John Caiger—The chrysanthemum and the harpoon, 3pm, rm 1133 Haydon-Allen. University House Limestone Plains Dinner, informal Aus-tralian ballad evening with music and recitations, followed by dancing, 7.30 for 8pm, Hall and Common Rm, tickets $12/$19 each, contact the Mas-ter's Secretary, 495282/7-282. Sunday 26 September ANU Film Group, The main event. What's up Doc? 1.30pm, Coombs LT. University House Film Society, Sons of the Desert, 8.30pm, common rm, supper served in Bistro Bar, $5, 6.30pm. Monday 27 September Women's History Group sem, Julie Carter and Kathleen

Orr—Patriarchy and gender ideology, 12.30pm, sem rm E Coombs. Psychology sem. Bill Bell-ingham—Complex stimulus processes: implications for lear-ing theory, 3.30pm, rm 210 Physics. Political Science RSSS sem, P. Weller—Prime Ministers and the manipulation of Cabinet, 4pm, sem rm D Coombs. Tuesday 28 September Germanic Languages Arts sem, Prof Richard Thieberger— Kafka's influence on modern German prose (in German), 10-12am, rm 2143 Dedman. Philosophy RSSS sem, Dr Brenda Cohen- Positive values. Ham, sem rm F Coombs. Pacific & Southeast Asian His-tory sem, Ann-Gabrielle Thompson—French influence in the New Hebrides prior to 1906—CCNH and SFNH, 2-3.30pm, sem rm E Coombs. Demography RSSS sem, B. Doyle, D. Lucas, V. Hull-Asking demographic questions: ethnicity, sex or gender, 3.30pm, sem rm A Coombs. ANU Film Group, The war game, Dr Strangelove: or how I learned to stop worrying and love the bomb, 7.30pm, Coombs LT. Wednesday 29 September Classical Society talk. Professor G.W. Clarke—From roll to codex, the changing shape of the ancient book, 6pm, HRC reading rm, Hope, supper after-wards in Classics Dept Centre. Open meeting, Peter Watkins, director of 'The War Game' will show his film and lead discus-sion, 1pm, Haydon-Allen Tank. History of Ideas Unit sem, Dr Michael Hunter—Astrology and modernisation in Tudor and Stuart England, 1 lam, sem rm A Coombs. Faculties Staff j Student Forum, Dr Bill Stent—Understanding ourselves: the myth of individu-alism, 1pm, Haydon-Allen LT. Linguistics Faculties sem, Irena Svilans-Dennis—'Doing this and that, here and there, to var-ious and sundry'—verb prefixes in Latgalian, 4pm, rm 2135 Dedman. RSES sem on recent develop-ments in Earth Science, Dr S.R. Taylor—Recent developments in planetology, 7.30-9.30pm, Colloquium rm Jaeger.

Classified Advertisements are restricted to staff and students of the Univer-sity and members of Convoca-tion and to 20 words each. The closing date for the next issue is 5pm Wednesday, 15 September. For Sale House, Aranda, 3 bdrm, pri-vately built, open fire, garage under, est garden, quiet cul-de-sac, close to ANU, transport, shops, schools, $68,500, 3830/514738. Unit, Mawson, large, 1 bdrm, big balcony with view, ex cond, with washer, dryer, carport, etc, $33,400ono, 4134. Alfa Sports 1600 GTV 1968, gd cond, long ACT rego, $4000ono, 3830/514738. Escort, 130 OXL, 1972, rego July, vg cond, $1500ono, C. Wynn, 2294. Peugeot 404, 1969, needs a bit of work but in gd running order, rego July, offers, Jane 4171 (Wed, Thurs)/381524. Toyota Corona 1973, auto, gd cond, rego August 1983, 59,000 miles, $2250, 4579. Amplifier, stereo, Rotel RA 211, $90, 2678. Bike, boy's, Raleigh, 27in, lOspd, $75, 816442/2152.

Book rack, $20; study desk, world map; bike, kid 7 years onward, gd cond, $40, 811614. Boots, R.M. Williams Bush-man, mens size 9, as new, $55; chairs, lounge, $10; Krook Lok, $5; wall mirror, $30; cassette player, with speakers, $30 cassette player, portable, $20; 2924. Boots, Reichle Ladies walking, size 6'/2; typewriter, Smith-Corona portable electric, almost new, 3508/476769. Helmet, motorbike, white, Shoei, size S, vg cond, $30, 412018ah. Lounge, Danish deluxe 3-piece, brown leather, chairs, 2 single, $200 each, 1 double, $400; chairs, lounge, 2, tan leather, each $150; 3394/543421. Oven, Metters Riviera, $45, Leona 3013. Pram I stroller, in ex cond, $30; playpen. Eraser, circular col-lapsible, $30; baby walkers, each $5; bedspread, DB, new, USA, $40; sheet sets, new Dis-ney cartoon twin, USA, $40, 3582. Speakers, stereo, large, double cone, $40 pair, 4160/545731. Stereo, Sony TA 1055 amp, ex cond, $155ono, 893026bh/ 585897ah. Stove, Metters, wall oven and hotplates, $200ono; chairs, 2 fold-up, $ 15 for 2,3394/ 543421. Trail bike, Suzuki, TS250, unreg, gd running cond, new tyres, helmet and manual inc, stand needs repair, $200ono, Tong rm 283 Garran. Typewriter, Brothers, new, $45; bike, man's, V/i year old, 10-speed, $100, 4520. Yacht, Tempest racing, gd cond, full set sail, ACT reg trailer, $1500ono, 514738. Accommodation available House, Gowrie, avail for 10 weeks from last week Oct, ff, cheap rent, no pets/kids, 3643/910641. Room, Belconnen (Eraser), male/female to share spacious house in quiet rural setting, ff, $28.50 per week, 893026bh/ 585897ah. Rooms (2), in pleasant old Dea-kin house, share large kitchen, own shower, toilet, entrance, minutes bus, $30, dog lover, non-smoker, 731441. Secretarial Essays, theses etc typed by pro-fessional on IBM, Belconnen area, 583409. Typing, general and scientific, IBM golfball, Jennifer Jeffress, Curtin, 814540. Typing, theses, essays, etc, IBM Selectric golfball, extremely reas rates for expert work, 486107bh/474402ah. Typist for scientific, technical and legal work, specialist in theses, Gloria 815452. Miscellaneous Academic slump? Posture edu-cation weekend workshops based on ideas of F.M. Alex-ander, 18-19 September/25 Sep-tember, 451818. Lost, wallet, bell-shaped key, with 3 attached keys. South Oval Pavilion/tennis courts, 465866. Picture framing, professional results at reas prices, Ian 2205/813721. Found, brooch, gold. Accounts Branch, 2545. Found, bicycle, 27"Speedstar man's, last term, contact C Brack at John XXIII College with rego and lock combination number, 2048.

Visitors Ms Brenda Cohen, Surrey Uni-versity, Visiting Fellow in Philo-sophy RSSS until November, interests: ethics philosophy of education, 2076.

Mr Des Cohen, University of California, Berkeley, Visiting Fellow in Economics, RSSS from 27 August for 5 weeks, interests: market and commod-ity diversification of Australian multi-national corporations, 4135. Dr Sally Ray, Canberra College of Advanced Education, Visit-ing Fellow in Political and Social Change, until 26 October, interests: South Asian politics, development theory, 2178. Professor M.B. Rubin, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Visiting Fel-low in RSC for 6 months, inter-est: organic photochemistry, 3764. Professor G. Thimmaiah, Insti-tute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, Visiting Fellow in Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations Economics until the end of November, interests: public finance, economic development and regional planning, 4485. Dr Tohru Ozaki, Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Visiting Fellow in Department of Statistics, for 4 months from 6 August, interest: non-linear time series analysis, 2953.

Awards Research Grants 1983-84-Radio Research Board, closing date 19 November, contact 3692. Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan Awards for postgraduate study in the United Kingdom, Canada, India, Malaysia and other Com-monwealth countries, closing date 10 September, contact 2225. Netherlands Government Scho-larships 1983-84, closing date 10 December, contact 2225. Frank Knox Memorial Fellow-ship to Harvard 1983-84, clos-ing date 15 October, contact 2225. Postdoctoral Fellowships at the Weizmann Institute of Science 1982-83, closing date 15 November for fellowships start-ing in April 1983 and not later than 15 May 1983 for fellow-ships starting in October 1983, contact 2225.

IVIeetings Congress of Basque Studies, Bilbao, October 1983, contact: Sociedad de Estudios Vascos, Eusko Ikaskuntza, Secretaria del IX Congreso de Estudios Vascos, Palacio de la Diputa-cion. Plaza de Guipuzcoa, 1, Donostia—San Sebastian 4, Spain. Course on Dispersion oj Atmospheric Pollutants, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash Univer-sity, 25-28 October, closing date 4 October, contact Centre for Continuing Education, 5410811, ext 3717/3718bh or 54137I8ah. Australian University Graduate Conference on Support for Uni-versities, Australian Graduate School of Management, UNSW, 9am, 25 September, closing date 17 September, con-tact Mr Brian Spencer, Exec Secretary, Australian Univer-sity Graduate Conference, Mac-quarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113/(02)889003. Asian Pacific Conference on College and University Admin-istration, University House, ANU or School of Music, 28-31 October, contact Mrs R. Dar-mody, Chancelry, ANU (492104/492500) or University House, PO Box 1535, Canberra (495211).

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