harnessing electric field

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Harnessing Electric Field

Lawlesh Tiwari

B.E. (pursuing 1st Sem.) – Electronics and Communication

Oriental Institute of Science and Technology

Mob. No. : - +91-9713161366

Email Add. : - [email protected]

Abstract

The world is facing an acute energy crisis especially our country where needed

energy is far more than the available or produced energy that too is expensive and

uncannily problematic by this day. We need new better and easily available

energy sources which could fulfill the demands of the energy placed on power

sector and in near future can replace the depleting energy sources, live

continually and supply the demand with far greater efficiency and better stability.

If electric field can be harnessed in a way which this paper intends to then we get

a supply which do not need to produce more for more customers and stabilize and

satisfy.

The Paper intends to put forward a theory to harness electric field for the

production of energy as magnetic field is been done for ages. The underlying

theory and design and implementation of instrument or structure to detect and

harness electric field is been discussed in the paper.

By proper application highly stabilized long period battery can be achieved

wherever an electric field is available. The application may be found in all

electronic instruments for replacing or parallelizing there energy source. Further

implications may mean transmission of DC power wirelessly over a viable

distance with safe means and high efficiency. This can be converted to AC and

can be utilized in homes or can be utilized as is as the world is swiftly moving

towards electronic technology.

Keywords

Voltage, Current, Resistance, Diode, Zener Diode, Unilateral flow, Capacitance,

Electric Field, Potential Difference

mailto:[email protected]

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Introduction

The two energy fields in the EMF and electric power sector are namely

Electric field and Magnetic field. The Magnetic Field is being harnessed for as

long as the power sector can be imagined to exist. When a Conductor is placed in

a Magnetic field of varying strength or it is so rotated in a Magnetic field of

constant strength so that it cuts the flux, the variation in flux along the conductor

generates a current in it so that it opposes the original Magnetic Field. This is the

principle of power generation for ages and ages. The magnetic field is the effect

of aligned domains in a magnetic material or the flow of current and conversely

produces the flow of current. The Electric field is the effect of charge or potential

difference between two points and can conversely produce potential difference

between two points and what else is the principle of battery. Over the ages a

battery signifies DC Power storage unit and is but a two terminal component of

circuit whose two terminals are at different potentials one at lower called as

ground or zero potential (taken as the reference to all the components connected

to it) and the other higher with reference to the previous, termed as positive

terminal of the battery. The simple principle of the generator is the converse of

current producing magnetic field that is the variation of flux along a conductor

produces current to oppose its own variation. The same can be implied for

harnessing Electric field. As Potential difference produces Electric field, so can

Electric field produce Potential difference between two points placed in an

Electric field. One thing that remains unanswered till date is the detection of

electric field till date and that can be done using the same principle. Measuring

the current flow through a known resistance due to the potential difference

produced between two points and repeating the process two or three times we can

detect (if there is deflection Electric field is present) and measure the strength and

distance of the source of Electric field. This when bent little way produces a

battery at any point in an Electric field and has no limitation for the number of

users or power utilized even if the power at the sources is fixed the output have

no limitation to utilization as the power at the output is produced not due to the

electrons at the source but the free electrons present at the output. So a high

efficiency low cost alternative stable power generation scheme is ready if we

combine the harnesser with a stable and viable Electric field.

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Basic Principles

1. Coulomb’s Electrostatic Law:

Charles Coulomb stated that the force between two very small objects

separated by a distance which is large compared to their size is proportional to

the charge on each and inversely proportional to the square of the distance

between them

Mathematically,

where Q1 and Q2 are the charges, d the separation, and k the proportionality

constant. In SI units, Q is measured in Coulombs, d in meters, and F in

Newton

And so the field due to a charge Q is

And the potential due to this Electric field at distance x

V=Ex

2. Ohm’s Law:

It states that voltage across any conductor is directly proportional to the

current flowing through it.

V=RI

V is voltage or potential difference, I is Current and R is proportionality

constant known as resistance.

E= Q

4∏εd2

k= 1

4∏ε

F= kQ1Q2

d2

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3. Diode Currents:

Diode current Equation is

I=I0 [e (V/ηV

T) – 1]

Where I = Diode Current

I0 = Diode Reverse Saturation Current at room temperature

V = external voltage applied to the diode

η = a constant, 1 for germanium and 2 for silicon

VT = kT/q = T/11600, volt-equivalent of temperature, i.e., thermal voltage

Where k = Boltzmann’s constant (1.38066 x 10-23

J/K)

q = charge of the electron (1.60219 x 10-19

C)

T = temperature of the diode junction (K) = (°C+273)

Forward resistance rf = ηVT/I as current is very large so resistance is negligible

Reverse resistance is very large and almost allows no current as open circuit

4. Zener Diode Voltage Regulator:

A simple Zener Voltage Regulator circuit is shown in Fig. The zener diode is

selected with Vz equal to the voltage desired across the load. The zener diode

has a characteristic that under reverse biased condition, the voltage across it

practically remains constant, even if the current changes to a large extent.

The only Requisite for the condition is that the applied voltage must be greater

than breakdown voltage and less than the Peak Inverse Voltage.

Z R0

Ri

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Detector

Design

Circuit Discussion

M1, M2 are Metal Slabs

D1, D2 are Diodes

R1, R2 and R0 are Resistances

V is a Voltmeter

Principle and Working

The detector works on the principle that when a metal slab is placed in an

electric field its opposite faces will have a potential difference between them

which will be directly proportional to the electric field and the thickness of the

slab.

The formula as will be derived later in the paper is

V=3Ed

Where, V is Potential Difference

E is Electric Field at the point

d is Thickness of the slab

D2

R0 V

M1

M2

D1

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– I0R

The output at the resistance R0 is

Ri is Internal Resistance of the slabs, r is diode resistance

The Detector at Voltmeter gives this voltage and by knowing all the other

parameters we can calculate E and by displacement method we can calculate

the distance of the source from the point.

Harnesser

Design

Circuit Discussion

M1, M2 are Metal Slabs

D1, D2, D3 and D4 are Diodes

R1, R2 and R0 are Resistances

Z is a Zener Diode

V= 3EdR

R+Ri+r

Rin

D3

D4

R1 R2

D2

R0 Z

M1

M2

D1

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– I0R

Principle and Working

As discussed above metal slabs get induced and get converted to Battery in an

electric field.

As there are two slabs one diode will always be forward biased and other will

be reverse biased as R1 and R2 are equal and D1 and D2 are same diodes so

the output can be considered as forward output from one equal to

And other will produce the reverse saturation current and hence will give the

output

V = I0R

But in opposite direction so the total output will always be

The Circuit afterwards is made to receive positive regulated voltage at the

desired value so the output at R0 will be Vz the Zener voltage

As in any case only one of the D3 and D4 will be forward biased and conduct

if D3 will be forward biased the output at R0 will be +Vz and if D4 is forward

biased due to crossed input the output still will be regulated Vz at R0

The total output

V0 = Vz

Discussing the metal induction

At closer face the electric field will be stronger say E+dE

And at the farther face weaker say E

So dV = (E+dE)x – E(x+dx)

= xdE – Edx …………………………………..(1)

V= 3EdR

R+Ri+r

V= 3EdR

R+Ri+r

E q d

x

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But E=Q/4Πεx2 ………………………………….(2)

So dE = -2Qdx/4Πεx3 …………………………………..(3)

Putting in (1) the value of E and dE

dV = -3Qdx/4Πεx2

Integrating both sides with limits

V from 0 to V and x from x1 to x2

V = [3Q(x2-x1)/4Πεx1x2]

As x1~x2~x and x2 – x1 =d

V = 3Qd/4Πεx2

V = 3Ed

Viability Calculations

For safety purpose WHO has given the safe limit for Electric field 5000 V/m

So it the Tower’s Height is h, Output Potential needed is V, the distance of the

point at which the output is needed is R and the thickness of the slab is d

Then,

(Q/4Πεh2)=5000

Q=5000x 4Πεh2 ……………………………………………………(1)

And

V = 3Ed

V = 3Qd/ 4ΠεR2

From (1)

V = 3x5000x 4Πεh2xd/ 4ΠεR

2

VR2 = 15000 dh

2

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Future Implications

The world is moving towards pure electronic age where everything will be

functional on only DC power and in that era enormous DC power will be the

requirement which in the present manner is not possible. Today DC power is

obtained by batteries which convert chemical power into Electrical Power or else

by converting AC into DC by Rectifier circuits and voltage regulators. What if

you have your own mobile and everlasting battery every instrument needs no

charging or battery replacement no need for new generation stations for fulfilling

raised need of power. The circuit combined to Non-Harming Electric Field over

viable distance electrifying the whole world with power will provide each person

with the power to utilize energy whatever be the demand wherever be the

demand.

As Decided by WHO safe electric field strength is 5000 V/m and safe Magnetic

field is 100 mT. A Tower which can produce electric field strong enough to

propagate to a viable distance and weak enough to be harmful if erected and

combined in such ways that the whole world is full of electric field which is

helpful for the power and nature will revolutionize the world beyond

Imagination.

Imagine the world to need no place for nuclear waste produced from Nuclear

Power plant, no shortage of space produced due to construction of Hydel power

Plant, and no shortage of fossil fuel caused due to Thermal Power plant; A world

full of clean, green and everlasting energy which is cheapest possible and

mesmerizing to the core and even helpful for government which does not need to

spend on power production much and just maintenance and benefit by nominal

charges living like a true government and jesting the public.

Conclusion

The Design and Circuit idea for the detector and harnesser of electric field has

been studied and that concludes on the point that if a proper electric field can be

produces in a area without harmful effects, then any number of consumers can be

supported using this scheme without the loss of efficiency over a viable distance

that would cut the production cost and provide with an ever efficient and stable

alternate source of electric power. This can help profitable and sustainable

expenditure and savage of fossil fuels like coal and petroleum used in the

production of electricity.

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References 1. Electronic Devices and Circuits

The McGraw-Hill –S Salivahanan, N Suresh Kumar, A Vallavaraj

2. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory

Pearson – Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky

3. Microelectronics

Tata McGraw Hill – Jacob Millman & Arvin Grebel

4. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Electric+Field

5. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=electron+balistics

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Electric+Field

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=electron+balistics

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