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Attn: Ms. Meg Carey
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Page l 1 0£ /0 Date: 26 . January 19
From~vor ST~G fo
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File Ref~ Drafter~ Title
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PLEASE, SEE ATTACHED. REGARDS.
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DEPTO DE PRENSA I
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I do understand how difficult it is dor you to c ntinue to devote tin1e to address the problems or Litjeria, parti~ularly in lilJl1t of the c urrent econoit:ic ,ci:rcumstanc1s of your. cbuntry. I um therefore most appreciative that you can spare J few more morn0nts to assist us in re.solving the pol i tti.cal impasse! among the parties. Recognizing thes~ constraintJ, as sug~ested by Amb~ssador Houngavou, I am writing to brfef you on the latest position. I i
President Banana will have brief~J you on t e latest situation in Liberia. I wish only to add that so ong as a permanent solution eludes us the situatiJn in that ountry is 1 ir.Gly to deteriorate and the Cotonou f Accord may 1 unravel. l-'n19ment~ti:.:m is already evident, boUi in I?FL and ULil10 and the apparent i11transigence of IGNU is perceiv d ~s being ~einforced by F:COMOG.
I . I have now completed discu~sions in NeJw York and Wtshington.
In New York, I had the opportunity to brier the Securi y Council c1nd the Nigeria delegation. In Washing on, I had extensive di~cussi.on~ _ w_:..ti: l\m:Jns_sador Ge.org': Moose, ssist~nt Se r.etary of Stflte for Atn.can At fairs, along w1th colle~gues trom D partments of State ?ind De fence, as ·,,e 11 as with the Nationai Security C:> :nci I . 1'!112 mess o.0es fro!ll New York and lwashington bi~e clear; u~1" •.~!,! ·; U :c J. i Lier i an pnr-t i es t.:ike immediatb action tb commenc,J di ·:.1 rrnct1,.cnt ci11 d i::~•;1'.All. tl1<~ Liberia ~ationaJ. Trhnsitional r; ,.-, ,,;::rnr1 121:t, the i nte~na t io ;i;;~ 1 ::.: ummuni ty lw j_ l J. not cJntinuc to p1 ·r,•1 i de support. T n this context, 1 am ! ttacti ing a I copy of a r~ lcvant us st~t~ ~apa~tmcnt communigu~. 'I am also e~pecting a s1 11nl.:1.r commun1.ct1t..1on tr.om UN Headquartert.
Once morel am seekin~ your guidanc and suppolt on how bc'.~:c to move the process forward. The ull completnt of UN ;nil itary ob:::;crvers is in place. It isE crucial t at ECOMOG demonstrate its immediate readiness to pro eed with di armament. Tl~or.)ps f1-om Tanzania and Uganda are al -eady in L beria. We continue t4? seek the agreement of the Zim abweans to tontribute on e batall1on, but they requ ire US$ 26 million to participate, wh icll ii.. 1.rna f fordable. As you know, the us Gove nrnent has ol)ligated US $ 30 million for .the entire Jxercis~. I have asked President Banana to pursue this matter wi~h Pres1den Mugabe .
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l-lJ.J ~t.,:i ::·y 01:,servec r.h~ t Jii.;armc1ment ,:¥1n proceed ·,.'l.th t.,J(J b~~ 1llions, albeit ctt a slower pace. Howc~er, ha seemk reluctant t<:' give his blessings to the ins~allat~on_ of the luITG until u1.r .:irinc1ment ha!; progress8d concl.usively . While . there) may be residual security concerns, ECOMOG ca~not be s~en as the impediment to Liberians installing a Gove~nment of th~ir choice, in accordance with the Cotonou Accord.
Might I .request, that in your capacity as d11airman of ECOWAS, you consult your colleagues, particularly tthe Head of state of Nigeria, to ensure that :ECOMOG· responds tt political directives of ECOWAS. I intend to brief 1he Executiv Secretary of ECOWAS on his return to Lagos. I tielieve that the Field Commander faces a dilemn~ in finding the ~est solutiJn among the Gnnfli~ting jn~erests o! the ~lberian p~rties. I a~ convinced t ha t the time has come foe those of us !who have su~ported our fr: :i ends in Libez:r ia thus far, to help theh further in! reaching a positive decision in accordance with thb Cotonou Abcord. They sliould cum111ence di sarmanw11t i mmediately ! ( eg. w i thinrtwo weeks) and the LN'l'G should be installed on thf~ day that isarmamant starts. .
Security Counc.il Hcculution 866 dalls on th. Secretary · General t.o report on 16 Fcbruc:-n:y 1994, 1 on progres! among the
p<'lrt1es. If the Secretary Cc~ne ral is unab1e to t"~port 1positivel.y, ttw <.:u:r 1:·1..!nt mood of th (J Sccta~ity Couf1cil does n t gcnerute optimism -,,, i th r:-c~pec t.: tn ::ht=: l r continued support for our efforts i.n T.iberirl.
W}) i le in Was hi :1gton, I took t!1e opjiortuni ty t explore in what way US resources may be applied to lhe benefit-lot axisting FCOMOG. I am pleased to be able to repor~ that your doncerns are bei.iHJ Fav';Jura~ly~cldr~ssed. Although thi US contritjution of US $ 30 million is restricted to support of expanded EGOMOG, I was advised to find ways in which the entir~ ECOMOG co~ld benefit. I will be discussing this with the Field Commander n rny return to Monrovia. In New York I also i had discu sions with :rc?prciscntatives of the Dutch delegatiqn to the UN regarding possible support for ECOMOG. 1
Finally, Mr President, I am availa~le for discJssions with Y~~ at _yc,ur ~onv:t_) i.ence. I ct?n also plat,' ning to visji t Abuja to bt1ef the N1ger1an H~ad of State an I would welcome iln opportunity to exchange ideas with you egarding th~t visit.
I l Please accept, Mr President, the ahsurances od my highest
cuni:;ideratj_on. !
Tr4vor Gordon- omers Speci~l Represent1ive of the Secre4ary General for Liberia
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TJ NITED NATIONS CJBSF.RVER MISSip N (UNOl1IL) !
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IN LIBER±A
24 JaJry Dear President Sawyer,
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1994
I have now returned to Liberia afted having con~ultations in NY., Washington and Cotonou regarding prog~ess in the ~iberian peace procelifi I l?l:a!;iA f i nri ,o,t tRrhPrl il copv of la rolov:int bommunico.ei$n from the President of the Security Caun!cil addresG~d to th«? TJN Secretary-General.
As you will ::..ee, the: Security Cou*cil expecth that by 16 Febr-uary t.he Secretary-General will be ab~e to report ~ositively on 1;-~o~.r~:;R in t·,hf'> niRr:-11 •.~ion among . tho Libort'an pn!'~:i.e~~• Iii i!:11,!,i:i..:l.£.i..i..: tnrms progress is interpreted to mea "install tion of the 1I'-'- c1. u~,l.L h.,u1::1.~ ljOVernmcnt, d.ii:.arma1nent and he unimpede delivery of hum;:ir.it:a:-:Lun a:;;sistance". I am now l:!~arking upn f Fl round of con:;u l. :at: ions w.i. th the lc.Jdership of the ~h:i;ee partie?r and I would b(J rnc .~;t g:t:.:lt.eiu-1 :i.f I c~u J.d ~1av,~ an oppo1:tµ1~ity to meelt an? di~cuss \ -;1 t. l , you wh,:rc we d !:"C in p,: r: su1.t cf <A las!ting peace f-n L1.berl.a.
/~s (.)f fr iday :..his week, the! L"ganjan battali!n will have arL i vcd i 1~ Liber i a c1.mi b e rjeployed i:-. its bat tali art l.ocation in Buct~nan. Di~cussions in WaGhington wit~ ~espect to lf inancin~ of Lb<:: •:c< .x.panded EC0M0G have been t:!'xtz:-emely f~u1.tful and µ. now believe we !~ave the e lements for p r;oviding some i support to the existing ECu:rnG, Wod~ is progressing between UNOMit and ECOMOGi on logistics ?.nd expenditure planning to ensure that e 1q1.1i ty can be achieved in
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somo re~pec tLJ, I ,
H. E. Dr. Amos Sawyer Pre5ident of the Interim Government cf National Unity
Honi:vv.i.,;4 Republic of Liberia
141004
· 26/01 '94 06:42 '6"503 981042 DEPTO DE PRENSA
,M~VA
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! continu~ to ~e ~oncern~d with i ur inabiliJy co move
:, um ,u.i t: ,lrian a::;s is tance tlu <::; ugh Kaka ta dui to the imp.,;dimen ts by ~ome elements in ULIMO. This state I of affairs! is quite unaccep cable and I trust that we will be able to find a ~elution in the immediate future . I ,
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6/199 /51 18 JA.~uary
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LET'nR [>J.T!CD 18 J 1'WJ1Jt'i. 1994 P'ROH THE PR.¢S!D!Hl' OF THF.: ; SEClTRlTl'. COlJHCIL I\DORESStO 'l"O lla StCRE\rUY-CltNE.RAL ,
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The lll~n.berQ o~ t:ho s.-curity CQuncH .... uh to thank you for ma.kilg it r,-:;,~eU;l~ for your Sp,1ci.1sl RiirJro1"1ntativG, M.r. Tr"vor C~rdon-SOmora, ~to brief thia cc•.a~cu :)0 : l~ J&n1Jary l9S~ on the QlO&t. ::-ccgnt dtvelo~,-nts in Libet A,
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In t.hto rgqc,.rd, they wolcocr.Q the t'~ct t.ho.t the <1Gploym~nt. or a~diti.onal tCOHOC troo~e iQ new wetl under w~y. They •r.• aleo pl~aaed to lea~n.
1thAt thQ
d.,ploy,-nerat. 0£ th• United tlati.cn11 OIJurva.r Mi.••ion in LLba~iA (U'NOMIL) i.a 6let,i;i1;n .. I
co:,,plgt.,. Tht.:1.·Q .ihould be no h:r-t:l\ .. r dQh)" .1.n t;hc i.aip+om1,1r.t.4.tlon cf. tho Cotonou >..9recn: .. crnr:.. \
i Tl·, ,, m•,:.ib•ro of tha r/4u1~1.:U no1;u that pur1u.1.nt to teaol~tion 866 : (199:!) a.
rci::-01·L ~15 IIXl)bCti:-d by l6 le~r1J/\r:t 1,94. ':'iu,y ar11 conc~rnod th&t: tho t.::- !r. is!.~ l. •jJ'.~; c;ovwrnmcnt. he:c lit:.i.ll :-iot: b'-"n in"tallad, ~iii1u:1nt11rnQt1t ha! net y1o1t c:u::-~r.e :~.:- •• ~,, t.ho. t t. hn imp le r.-,c, n t. 1J.t l.0:1 ,) t t hta Cotonou A9n3~mo nt iG t bu o Je ing del1.yn"-. •:11i t:.l-.at o!!e.i:tr, t.u dcU.v gr t,umani.ttrian &.15&1.Cl,ta.nce to all ~artG of thlf CO',,lnli:y h4vw l'DClt. with di.rt J..c11 ltiQ11. ':'hfl conti.r.uod ■up~ort or thQ 1.n~•rr.i,tionAl comcuni.ty tor thQ e!torte ot UNOMlL wi.ll doI>Qr'ld 0n the !tuU and pro1'!\Jt imr,le1ll'-ota.Uon by the !?lrtl.c.11 of tha COtonou AQnemant, 1 inoluding i.n~tallation or t.he t.r .. ncH.ion~l governltlont, d111erru.ment and the, uni~pedQd deliveJy Qf hl.l.lr...&.ni.t.u·ia.n .1. ■.11i.~tane-11. : I
I \ A• not&~ 1n the lQtte~ dated 16 Doeuib•r 1993 addr~as~d to you!~ th•
Praaident ot th• soeurity Council (6/2668~), th• ~ar~ 0f the Coun l •hara your •x:r,ect•tlon th&t th.• 111!.ectione du• to t.ako place 11hi10.r th• teriua of the Cotonou ~qrcQment ahould take place du~inq tb• ti.rat h•it of this y•a. tn th1s connact..1.oo they •xpretta t.ho hopo t.hat., by tha ti.Jno you t~bmit your re rt., tt,Q pro9r~ff0 Qchiov•d ~y the Liberi4n partiea in the iJllple~,nt4tion of th pQace pr.ocega will ~na.bio you to rQcotm:'IOn4 a pr•~iaa timota.bl~ fa~ the hold ng of the elQCtiona in LiboriQ. I
I (IH,gncsH \ K~rel KOVA.ND ~~••lden{ ot the SGc~r ty Council
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'94 06 : 43 '6'503 981042 DEPTO DE PRENSA
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u u T E D NATIONS
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UNITED NATIONS OBSERVER MISSI01 IN LIBERIA (UNOMIL)
N I E S
24 Januar 1994
I Dear General Kromah, \
r have now returned to Liberia after aving consultations in N't, Washington and Cotonou regarding progre~s in the Li.blerian peace process . Please find attoched a copy ot a 1relevant cohunication from the President 01' the security council addressedlto tha UN Secretary-General. .
As you will see, the security CoWlc l expects hat by 16 February the Secretary-General will be able to report po itively on progress in the discussion among the Liberiah parties. in specific terms progress is interpreted to 111ean "installati n ot the Transitional Government, disarmament and thJ unimpeded elivery of humanitarian assistance 11 • I am now emba:Jking upon ti round of consultation~ with the leader:ship of the th?tee parties $.nd I would be most grateful if I could have an opportunity to meet ~nd discuss wi th you where we are in pursuit of a lastihg peace i.n~iberia.
A::; of Friday this week, the UgandaJ battalion will have arrivf3d in Liberia nnd oo deployod in its 'battalion l cation in BuchanBn. Discussior1s in Washington with r spect to f'nancing of th<., expanded EC0MOG have been extremely f uitful in koving the procesa forward. \
Major-General Alhaji Kromah Chairman ULIHO Tubmanburg Republic of Liberia
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I continue to be concerned with ou inability I to move humanitarian tlssistance throughout the cou try. This state of atfair6 is quite unacceptable and I t~ust th t we will hb able to find a solution in the illllllediate future. ~r
I ours sincer~ly,
Spec! e o e s and
ead L I
, 26/01 · 94 06 : 44 ff503 981042
DEPTO DE PRENSA M'-Y A I
U t; l •r I!! D II A T I O N S - N A\~• I O II S
UNITED NATIONS OBSERVER MISSION IN LIBERIA
N I B S
(UNOMIL) I I 24 Januar~ 1994
Dear Mr. Taylor, \ \
r have now returned to Liberia after J ving consu~tations in NY, Washington and Cotonou regarding progres·t in the Lib4/,rian peace proc8ss. Please find attached a copy of a ~elevant cofunication from the President of the security Councii addressed to the UN secretary-General. \ .
As you will see, the Security council expects tJhat by 16 February the Secretary-General will be able tr report pos1itively on progress in the discussion among the Liberian parties. I specific torms progress is interpreted to mean • installatio of the Transitional Government, disarmament and the unimpeded d livery of humanitarian assistance". I am now embar ing upon a round of consultations with the leadership of the thrde parties ad I would be most grateful if I could have an opportunity to meet ad discuss with you where we are in pursuit of a lastin~ peace in cliberia.
As . of Friday this week, the Ugandan kattalion \ ill have arrived in Liberia and be deployed in its b ttalion 101ation in Buchanan. Discussions in Washington with re pect to fin~ncinq of the expanded EC0M0G have been extremely frUi tful in m~ving the process forward. \ I
Mr. Charles Taylor I, I President National Patriotic Reconstruction I I
Assembly Government Gbarnga, Bong county Republic of Liberia
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• 26/01 '94 06 : 45 '6"503 981042
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DEPTO DE PREN!::>A
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I I continue to be concorned with or inability to move
huniani ta:dan assistance throughout the co ntry. Thi~ state of affairs is quite unacceptable and I trust tat we will be able to find a solution in tho iW'llediate future.
Yours
Spe e o e and
Head of UNo · IL
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CODB CABLB I j .., !1 () <--
MR. 1<orI AN, use 1 s /AN 1994 DPJc:0 UNATIONS, N /
FAX: ,· .0 I
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212-963-487 /9222 ¥_6 MAJOR GEN O>JfIEL OPAHOE . I -CMO, UNOMIL i :
18 JANUARY
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AT MY R!QUEST EYE HEL A MEETING WITH MAJ GEN IR ENGER EC0MOG FIELD COMKANDBR TO DISCUSS PLAHS POR DIS,-..-u:.lrl' AND DENOBILIZATION OP W ING FACTIONS. THE MEBTINQ WAS ATTENDED BY DEPUTY PIELO CO DIR ANO CHI BF OP' STAPP COMOO, AMONG OTHERS. THI PI!LD COl!alAJIDER EXPRESSED THE FOLLOW NG CONCERNS:
A) THE DBLAYS IN HB IMPLEDNTATION OF THE POSES CRAVB DAN ER TO TH! !NTIRE PEACE P
8) &COMOG 'S ABILIT TO IKPLEMBlfT THE PEA HAHPIRID BYS E LOOI!TICAL CONSTRAINTS TRANSPORT AND COIIOlllrNICATIOH ~QUIPMENT.
IS IM
2. ON DISARMAMBNT THE RCI COMHAHDIR EXPRESS!D OPTIMISM IM CARRYING OUT THIS TA~ WITH AT LEAST TWO BA'rl' LIONS or TH! IXPMDBD BCOM0G IN · p CE. U (re) EXPRESSED O SAPPOINTMEMT lfl'l'H TIIB WARltING F C'l'IOHS POR RIFUSINC TO UPPLY VITAL IMPOIUCATION RIQUIRB FOR PLAM'MIIIG AND "-ft.l~u FOR OUR ASSISTANCB. BCOlf0G 'S DISAMAXDT SCHEDULE PUTS SU.TING OF LNTG (60) SIXTY DAYS APTD THI START OF PHYSIC REMOVAL or WEAPONS. 'l'HZ OTHER NDITIOK STIPULATES THAT s TING or IJrTG tS DEPINDENT Olf C TlFICATION AMO R!CBIPT f' FAVORA8L~ PROGRESS RBPORT ON D SARHAME>rr, fIJIALLY THI CE COMMANDER EXPRESSED SATISPACl'I N WITH OUR OEPLOYM!HT P CALLING ON Wt'OMIL TO ASSIST !CO 0G O~ING ITS DEPLOYMENT SB.
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EYE ASSURED THE FIi! D COMM.>.IIDER OF OIJR SUPP! RT AND COOPERATION. HOWEVER EY POINTED OUT THAT THE SEA~NG OF LNTG SHOULD NOT BE DELAYED R OEPEMDENT ON CBRTif'ICATI N SINCE THIS IS CONTRARY' TO THE C HOU PEACE ACCORD. EYE APPEALED TO ECOMOG TO US! ITS INFLUENCE OVER ULINO L ERSHIP TO FACILITAT! P'REE MOVEM NT or HUMANITARIAN TRAFl"IC ~LONG 'AAU.TA HIGHWAY. ! i
REGARDS.
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TO:
ATTN:
FAX:
P'ROII:
DAT!!:
SOBJBCT:
IIUIIBBR:
MR. XOFI DfJCO UMATIONS, N
TREVOR GOR
MAJOR GD OIC, UNOMIL
17 JANUARY
CODB CABLB
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DANIEL OPANDE kp ~ I
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STA'l'EIIDT BY HIS l'!XCELLBRCY REV. CANA>Jf BIINAMA I
O.A.O. DtNENT PERSON P'OR LIBERIA I I
During my currant I visit to Liberia it has : come to "'Y i
for over six weeks relief and humanitarian attention that I
assistance has been \disrupted by factional dift~rences
particularly in Upper Ma~qibi thereby putting hundr,d& cf people I
at risk. In order to i.edress the situation and · prevent any
further suftering I am atpealing to ULIMO leadershi~ through its I
leader r;An•rftl Al Haji ~ol'llah to d•1uurnst.rat:e tne ¢011passion he I
has always shown in the past and his determination · to the full
implementation ot the Cotr: nou Agreement by opening hi'.s territory,
specifically the Kakata H ghway to enable relief and hunanitarian I I I
supplies to reach those ~n need. I '
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I would also like tQ take this opportunity to express ~Y I I
sincere gratitude to Geieral Al Haji Kromah an\ the ULIMO
leadership tor the switt. I action taken in contain in~ what could
have been detrimental tj the Peace Accord and a destabllizing
::::o~i:•= :t:~: :~:p:::: ~hat normal relie~ activities
I
14 January 1994
TO:
PAX:
A'l'TM:
PRON:
DATB:
SUBJECT:
tnJIIBER:
CODE CABLE
MR. KOFI ANN~, USG DPKO I UNATIONS, NY :
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212-963-4879/r222
TREVOR GORDONI SOMERS
MAJOR GENERAL I O~IEL OPANOE ~~ OIC, UNOMIL \ t'-/r
I
17 JANUARY 19~4 '
I OPPBR LOPA SifATION
M VA - () '-IJ7 USSAGW
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THE SITUATION IM UPPER A APPEARS TO HAVE IMPROVEO i>.ND STABILIZED IN SO FAR AS LDF VERS S tJLIMO SXIRMISHES IS CqNCERNED. 0~ DISCUSSIONS WI'l'H AL HA.JI -•.,rw,~ 011 FRIDAY CONFIRMED QI.IMO HAS TAKEN POSITIVE STEPS TOWARDS IS GOAL. THE IMPACT 01' SIERRA LF.ONE MILITARY ACTION ALONG LIB , TU IORDZR AGAIJf3T FORDE ~AMKOR ELEMENTS l~ YET '1'0 BE EVALUATED I VIEW or OUR RECENT REDIPLO~ OUT OF
OPPER LOFA. ~ 1
OUR MEETING WI'l'H SIERRA LEOJIS OrPICIALS WAS ~GED WITH '!HE MINISTER, PERMANEMT SE ARY POlt DEFUSE AND THE :ARMY CHIEF OF STAFF FOR StJNDAY 9 JANU Y ~ DUB TO LAST MlWDE CHANGES >.ND SCHEDULING DIPPICULTIESn-.Mft,,_ OffICIALS HAD TO 't'RAVEL OUTSIDE FRDTOWN TO REVIEW THE ION or MILITARY ACTI;· ALONG cOMMoN BORDER WITH LIBERIA AGAIN T P'OltD& SAIIXOR ELEMBNTS H !! THE MEETING ABORTED. R HOWEVER CONT ID A BIGII RAH1CING MILITAR OFFICIAL WHO IS THB PDSOHAL ASSISTANT TO TBS UIIY CHIEF or STA7F IWHO EXPLAINED THE COMPELLING CIRCtJKSTAN ZS AIID llllSFZD US OM THE SrTUATIOM. THE SIERRA LEOMEANS WOULD LI TO SD THI BUPFER ZONE DEP YMENT TAXING PLACE IM ORDER TO ARREST Sn'UATIOK WHEREBY ARD INFILTRATORS CROSS THE COMMON BORDER A MILL. TUY EXPRESSED 01S1~! TO DISCUSS MATTERS RELATED TO COMMON BORDER ACTIVITIES AND ITS tMPACT ON BOTH COUNTRIES. I
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WE BELIEVE THESE ISSUES ~ ALSO REGULARLY DISCUSSED ~~EEN ECOMOC AND SIERRA LEONE OFFICIALS. IT IS OUR VIEW DISCUSSIONS RELATED TO FUTURE OEPLOYMEN'T OF OBSERVERS ALONG THE ENTRY POINTS' IS NECESSAR't. EYE INDICATED TO THg SIERRA LEONEAN OFFICIAL• ASi SOON AS THE SITUATION IN UPPER LOFA STABILIZES WE SHALL RJ!:VISIT ,THIS ISSUE.
REGARDS.
TO:
A'l"l'II:
MR. JCOFI DPICO
. UNATIONS,
USG I.
FAX:
PROJI:
1 -:
DAHIEL OPANDE ~ DAfts 16 JAHUARY 1994 ,C
SU8JBC'l': OPlDIIJfG OP I~ HIGHWAY
tnJIIUR: MVA - 0 ~O
THE C!IREMONIAL OPDING OJBARIIGA HIGIIIU,Y WAS CONDIJJ.rED TOW.Y 81 HPJl'L/JIPRAG AT KONOt.A BRI • THE OCCASION WAS A'l'TatDiBY UJIONU,, UJf AaBNCIZS, '1'lm DIPLOMAT~ HEADS OF USA, EGYPT, LB ON MD '1'BZ RBLI!F AGENCIES RIPS. ALL ATES PREVIOUSLY MAHMED BY PFL FIGH'l'DS ARB DIVOID OF ROAD BLOCl<S D SECURITY PERSONNEL EXC • THE f IRSi· can APTER K.Alf.ATA, WHICH s NOW MANNED BY CIVIL POL1Cml.lN wfITH A FIW COMBATANTS L~INC IN THE VICINITY. THE !MM!:OIA'l'E .Rl:ACTlO•S FROM THE LOCAL PBOPLB I GENERALLY FAVOURABLE WHJLE OP'l"ICIA!-FACTIONAL REACTION RANGES OM A!IOTHBR "TRIC!~" BY N$'L 'l'O, I? IT RBI.PS THE P!ACB PROCBSS - "WELL AND GOOD•, !COMOG MAS QllOTZD U HAVING D&SCRIBSD IT AS lfP 'S PLOY FOR CONP'USION. CONJIAln waams IGIRJ' S PRBSIDDTL\L AfNI HOWBVJ!:R DESCRIBID IT ~ A W!LCClld GBS'l'tJRB. ULIJlO HAS YET C0IOIBNT. THE FULL IMPACl' OP HPn.' 9 ACTIOJC IS 'tlT TO BB TBST , DICZSTBD AND SVALUATEIP WITHIII TIIS COMING nus. WS MST WITH HAJI JCRONAH FRIDAY 14 JAWARY 1994 A'I TUBIWfBURG . PRESIDDT BM A WAS IM ATTINDAMC! .
I NB BZLIZVB DOMAH WILL SUP T YOUR IDBAS P'OR BRBAJc:ING !TRI IMPASSS. TRSY AJlS YDRlflllG POil 1'HE S TING OP LNTc. BDORB DENOBXLIZATIO• CAIi PROCDD. 'JIISY AaJ: HOlfBV HAPPY WITH A PHASED OR I CONCONITMIT -'IS•m ,, I ..-~-- •=,·
D ALSO ~ WI'1'H IIR. ~ TAYLOR PRESIDDT .ot lfPPL/ltftM SATURDAY 15 JUUARY 1994 A: CBAR!ICA. PRBSIDBNT BANANA ACCONPAJIIIO US. OUR DISCUSSIONS WITH MR. TAYLOR OWBLT ON Gff'l'I_.G TKB PUCS PROCIESS JtJMP STARTBD. TA WANTS LNTG SD~SD IS~ DISAIUWID'r BBGINS IDT 'l'DY WILL AC ZPT SEATING ARD DI~ PROCU8 CONCOMITAN'l'LY. 'l'HEY WILL CALL !'OR LICTG TO IMNBD:lA BLY BMDOMI DISARMAll!MT /DEMOBILISATION PLAN WORXED OUT 8Y BCOIIOG SOON AS flQ COUKCIL SITS. KB (TAYLOR) REITERATED THEIR CONNI TO ABIDDIO WITH 'l'RB COTONOU ·AGUIMDT
- 2 -
I
ON DISARMAMENT AND INSTALLATION OF LNTG THEY WILL ONLY ACCEPT INSTALLATION FOLLOWED W'iITH DISARMAMENT PROCESS OR INSTALLATION, CONCOMITANT WITH THE PROCESS BUT NOT THE OTHER WAY ~OUNO AS ALREADY MUTED BY IGNU. NPrt. ANO ULIMO'S POSITIONS ARE THEREFORE SIMILAR. WE BELIEVE YOU WILL BE ABLE TO FIND A SOLUTION ACCEPTABLE TO THE PARTIES DURING YOUR DISCUSSIONS WITH PRESIDENT SOGµ) AND BANANA.
I , I I
WE CONTINUE TO HOLD THE FORT FOR YOU TILL YOU RETUJtN.
REGARDS.
I I I
I I \ i I
I I I
\ I I
I I ' i I ! I I
I I
I I
I
TO:
A'ITN:
P'AX:
YR.OR:
DATE:
SUBJECT:
NUMBER:
CODE CABLE
KR. KOFI ANNAN, USG DPKO UNATIONS, "1Y
I
. . - ··· ·· - .
, . =- :~ 4N,. cC&j~ o} ~
l 4 JAN 1994
TREVOR GORDON-SOMERS, SRSG, UNOMIL ---I
212-963-48~9/9222
KAJOR GENERAL DANIEL OPANDE ore, LJNOMIIL
14 JhNUARY. 1994
ECOMOG COKCEP1' OP' OPERATION OISARMAMEMT, KlfCAIIPJlfEHT AKO LIBKRI~ WARRIHG FACTIONS
I
MV A 0.3(;1
DISTABILIZATIOK '
PLEASE FIND RETYPED DISARMAMENT ANO DEMOBILIZATION ~PERATION PLAN PREPARED BY ECOMOG FOR Ya.JR NECCESSARY ACTION i
I
;-... (m ~ r- ----- - ,.._ . ' r:: I (W ,n ' r ' I -- I , J ,. ' ' .., : I ~ 0 I ·WJ' ·~ 1· 11, ,, ,, t , I I 1- ' '\ 1 , ' I I ' .. ,: I ' ~ U L i_JL~:..S~
ECOMOG HQ/220/1 / G
See Distribution
RESTRICTED
OISARHAKmrr, El'fCAkPMEHT AND DESTABILIZATION OF LIBERIA WARRIJfC P'ACTIOKS ECOMOG CORCXPT OP' OPERATION
Reference:
A. ECOMOG HQ/220/1/G dated ~6 Nov 1993
GDKRAL i
i
CLN - 0(J8/1cj3 2 I I
HeadquJrters E:COMOC ; Freezone P.O. Box 10-9033 1000 Monrovia 10 Liberia Tel: 7 Decellber 1993
1. The signing or the c l tonou Accor~ by all the warring Factions (WFs) of Liberia marked the beginning of a peaceful : resolution to the Liberian crisis. To j achieve the objective, EdoMOG l\as been mandated to disarm and en.camp the Warring Factions, :monitorad and veri!ied by CN Observers j(UNOMIL). The subsequent demobilization will be conducted by Special Agencies and NGOs assisted by ECOMOG and UNOMIL. I
CORCEPI' OF OPXRATIOM I I
2. For an aftective nd well coordinated approach to the disarmament, encampment and demobilization phase of the peace process, Liberia will be divided into 4 sectors, ~.i. Sector A, Sector B, sector C and Sector D. Each sector r· ill have its Headquarters and encampme t sites.
J. Disarmament will sdart simultaneously in alj sectors and monitored by all sector ~qs. On arrival at the camp~ the fighters will report at the Reception Centre, from where they will be directed to the ctocumentiation Team( s) where in t~e process of documenting them, their weapons and ammunition will be taken away from them.
RESTRICTED
,---. ,, r-~ ,_,,,,.., r _ ,,, . .--
(7 , f-'1, 11 r, 'I ;-- - '. : LI), I I ---s '--'I \\ , --, . I
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;
RESTRICTED CLtJ - ()()3 / !;af J l.
4. The disarmed fighters will be directed to :the Screening Team(s) to ans~er a questionnaire. Subsequently as ~er a mutually agreed upon arrangement by ECOMOG, UNOMIL and Office of Reintegration, the ex~fighters are transferr.ed for the demobilizat.ion phase.
5. As mucn as possible ,the existing chain of command of the exfighters .... 111 ~ ul'5ed I to organize and control the groups throughout..
I 6. Ex-fighters are not to be kept at an encamp~ent! site for more than 6 hours ~~oc the , time of disarming, documentation and screening
I
7 . composl tion and responsibilities or the DocwNmtation Te-( s)
a. C011~sition
l ) 1 X orrr . 2) l X WO J ) 2 )C S/Sgtsi 4 ) l X UNOMI~ 5) l X W'F (interpreter)
I I
I
b) Resoonsibilities . . I I
Receipt, documentation on the appropriate torms (ECOMOG Form L93 and M9J) and storage of all arMs and a11muniti0n at the designated armoury iior containers, ensuring that arms are separat.ec1 from ammun tion. ECOMOG Forms L93 and M93. Annexes A and I3. . i I
c. composition of bne screening TeamCal 1
I 1) l x Offrs (Maj or capt) 2) 1 x UN Obs rvers J) l X Clerk (Sgt or Cpls) 4) l x WF (in erpreters)
d.
The Screening Team will interview each ex-fighter that passes through the Centre.
RESTRICTED
2
RESTRICTED
KRCAKPKKHT SITE COMKANDER I AND RBSPOMSIBILITrES
8. The overall coJUJ1Janden of the encampment site shall be the most senior ECOMOG Military CoMander for the following: ,
9.
' ' I a. Rece 1 pt, document, storage and screening of all areas and
ammunition. !
b. Docu.r.ientation of all ex-righters
c. security of the 1encampment site
d . Liaison with the encamped faction commander for the smooth administration within the camp.
e. Collattnq and evacuation to ECOMOG Hq of all arms and ammunition recovered trom the ex-righters
Layout c! an Encampment site, Annex D
I I
EKCAMPM.Ell·r l"ACTIOHS COICNAHDER
10. Tnis will be as per ihe existing command arran~ements ot the WF and he shall be responsible for the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
I I
Liaison with the Encampment Site commander for the smooth administration ~f the encampment site.
Ensure that al~ arms and ammunition are ~leared, well cleaned and pretared tor storage.
Maintain close liaison with the site 6ommander for enforcement of amp standing orders.
I Appoint a dOCUlllentation clerk to work alongside ECOMOG documentation team.
SECTOR COIIMAMDER
11. The roost senior ECOM encampment site is locate
Military commander in whJse sector the shall be responsible for the following:
RESTRICTED
3
061--~-,~ ~~ rdc)~ r½ Ii 11 :_ 1 . · - ,' · .Ir-\; I [ 0 (0 LJ I L:i.J Lr~ ~ w !
I RESTRICTED
a.
b.
c .
d.
I supervise and monitor encampment atjd disarnanant exercises within his sector. He will also monitor encampment a*d disarmament in other sectors in conjunction wilth UNOMIL and local WF commander.
Submit weekly \progress report to ECOMOG ;Hq copy to the area commander: on the disarmament exercise.
I ; !xercise operaitional and administrative ·control at all encaopment sites within his sector.
Cooperate with\ UNOMIL and WFs local commander to ensure successful disarmament exercise.
I 12. Layout cf ~ector Headquarters. Annex E
I CUSTODY OP' WUPON'S AHO AIOIU!fITION
ll, All an,.s and ammunijion collected shall be recorded in ECOIIOG forms provided. Arms and the ammunition shall be 1 gathered into armouries and magazines j and shall be secured properly by the encampment site cOlUmande1,
~~:;~::;ca~;;;~;;sa~~~:{;u;~t:;t;:;;:::;:;;:P;~7;;~:;~f 1/~~ backloaded to ECOMOG Hq hen so directed by ECOMOO Hq.
VISITORS
I
15. Specified places wi 1 be designated as Visito~s' Room. All are required to observe he following:
a. All visitors w 11 be screened by ECOMOG , b. No visitor wil be received/entertained 1~ dormitories c. No press visit except authorized by ECOM~G Hq.
RESTRICTED
4
RE~'l'RlCTED
! ADMilHSTRATTOM i
Following arrangements will be made: I
a. Feedinq: ECOMOG/UNOMIL/UN/NGOS
' b. Medical: EC0M0G will establish medical posts at
P.nr.RmpmPn~ ~;tAA Rn~ ~Ar.~~ H~~ ~9~i~~ct ~y UN and N~~~ i I ' ' c. Transport: Transport !or ex-fighters to be provided
by the demobilization teams
ct. ,\ccommoaation: :Existing facilities will be improved upon and used.
a . hbh,;.:1on1toilet !acilitie:,: to be provided by ECOMOG as~1atca by UN iand NGOa
COKKUNICATION' :
17. a, Loogtion1 Join~ Hoadquartoro to be looatc~ at ~COMOO Hq (ECOHOC/UNOHIL/UN)
b. (,:omms 1nstrs: I 'To ~e 1ssuea ny ccu I
1a. Command and Control~ I
Overall command, re
I
'
(signed)
AL LAMFTDY Cul For Force Command
RES'l'IHL!'J.'J:!U
5
RESTRICTED
ANlfEXBS
>.. ECOMOG Form L9J Disarmament B. ECOMOG Form M9J Disarmament C. Quest:ionnaire for 0x1tighters D. Layout of Encarapment : Site E. Layout ot Sector Hq. !
Distribution:
External:
Action:
O!fice of the ~RSG UNOMIL Heaquartcrs Brig Gen >.ziz Brig Gen (Rtd) Douglas
Internal:
Information:
MA to FC DP'C 1 DF'C 2 cos COL CMIO cco CEO
RESTRICTED
6
Form Summary SHeet
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REGISTRATION FORM - DEMOBILIZED
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS I WILL PROVIDE IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR ASSISTING DISARMED/DEMOBILIZED PERSONS. YOUR ANSWERS WILL REMAIN CONFIDENTIAL IMP"ORMATION i THANK YOU.
I Date:---------------------------' I !nterviewer:---------------------
1
No:--------~~-----,
Site:--------------
l. Sex: X-------- r---------2. Number of '/ ears/months in the array:---------------
). What lanquaqe(s) ~o l you speak?
4.
5. 6.
7.
8.
9.
i ---------------------------------------------------
Your religion: I I :?{2
I •
Christian Muslim Other
Yu I I I I I I
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If yes, which denomination:----------
Marital status: Sinqle:------ Married:------ oivorced:-----Number of Children: 1------------
Father: Dead-------- Alive: ---------
Occupation:--------1-------------------------~--------------Gradecompleted:----]----------------------------------------
Mother: Dead------ --- Alive: --------
occupation:--------J --------------------------~-------------Grade Completed: ___ j _______________________________________ _ Your Age; __________ j _______ _
10. What did you do before the war:
x.u H.Q
Attended Schoo.I.
was employed
I I I I if yes, what were you tak.iJng :--------
/ I I I It yes, what was your last job:------
------------------------------~~---Engaged i n r ~rrnng / I / / If yes, where:-----------------------
Engaged in petty t rade/market I I I I
Other . I I I I Specify
11. Where ct ::.d you 1 i '✓ a before the war?----------------------------12. Where d icj ','O U join the : last Unit?-----------------------------
13 . Your ;~esen~ rank:--------------------------------------------
14. Do you sut!er now from any disease: Yes---------Uo-----------Ifyesspec1!y~n1ch:-----------------------------------------
15. Were you wounded during he war: Yes---------No~------------!
I! yes describe the ~ounds:--------------------~---------------------------------------------------------------~~-~----~ Are you suf ! er1ng physical disabilities: Yes----'...---No-------
16. I! yee, l s 1t a result of war: Yes----------No--~-----------I! yes, describe the disability:------------------------------
17.
18.
19.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~~----------------------~-----~-I Where do you want to live when you leave the NPFL/AFL/!NPl'"L/ULIMO?~--------------------------~---------------------------------~----~---------------------~-------------I
Whom will you live wlth: I Parent:-------------•-------------1 Wife:---------------r-------------
Friends:------------i------------Alone:----------------------------Other:--------------t-------------Does not know yet:--~-------------What will ·you do to eJrn a living:--------------~-------------
--------------------,---------------------------~-------------------------------------~---------------------------~-----~---1
20. Do you want to go back to school: Yes--------No---------
21. Do you want to learn: a trade: Yes--------No---------
22. What do you want to in life:------------------------------------------------------~-------------------------------------------------------------~-----------------------------------------
LIBERIA COMBATANTS CONTROLLED INTERVIEW I I
I
EXPOSURE TO COMBAT i i
2 J • i
Did you ever go on combat patrols or have other vJry duty? Yes-----------~-No-------------1-3 times -----Yes, 4-~ times ------Yes, lJ-50 ti~es More than 5 0 times Yes---------
1 i
dangerous
24. Were you ever under enemy rire? Never-------Yes------~--For a period of lees th~n a month: Yes-------No-----For 1-3 months:Yes-------No.--~------ror 4-6 months: Yes-------No---------For more tttan 6 months Yes---------No-----------
2~. Were you ever surrounded by the enemy? Yes----~--No------1-2 t1ce Yos-----No------3-12 times Yes-------No--------More than~= times Yes--------No-----------
26. What percen~age of the men in your unit were killed, wounded or ruissinq 1n action?! No one-----------Between · 1-25\-----Between 26-~0l-------~-------More than 501-----~-----------
Please a nswer the ro1 l owing questions by circlinb the onswer 27. How often did you fi rounds at the enemy?
l 2 J 4 5 I
Never 1-2 times 3 12 times 13-40 times 50 or more
28. How often did yous e someone hit by incomin~ or outgoing rounds?
l 2 Never 1-2 times
3 4 0 1
3 12 times 13-40 times 50 ot more I
29. How often were you in danger of being injured or killed (i.e., pinned down, overrun, ambushed, near miss, etc.~?
l 2 3 4 Never 1-2 times 3 12 times 13-40 times so5ok more
I
30. Which of the !ollow · ng, if any, describe your. exposure to combat? 1
-----stationed at a -----Received incomi
rockets, or mor -----Encountered min
duty station -----unit received s
orward observation fire from enemy (small arms, artillery,
ars) booby traps while on patrol or at
or sapper fire
-----Unit patrol -----Unit patrol -----Unit patrol
tight -----Was part o f
fight in a tire
an artillery unit which fired on the enemy
31. Were you wounded or injured? Yes------No------Pleaee explain the nature of the injury-----------------------------------------------------------------------1------~----------------------------------------------------------------·---I
COMBAT TRAUMA i i
List specific event (e.g . death ot !riend , unit ambushed, perimeter overrun, ctiract h i t with mortar, rocket, etc.)
1 . ------------------------------------------------~-------------2. --------------------------------------------------------------
J. ----------------- ---------------------------------------------
4. ------------ -----------------------------------~-------------
·--- ---~----------------------------------------!
rAMIL"! TitAUMA
l •
I I .
Did you live with yoµr family before the violence? Yes------------No---------
1
2. Was your family forced to move because ot the violence?
) .
4.
Yes------------No---------
were you ever forced la live in another country because ot the violence? Yes-------~--------No-------------Were you separated rkom your family because of the violence? Yes-------------No--~----------
R ::.:Ct.PTIO~ l ,___.·· ------- ...
v bl ro;<s .~vCM
ACC~1•u•1v1JA l' ICN 01"\.:J
TvlL1.. l'/ a;, Td It-iv f.L,C.i._ .lfIL.;;. QI{::;
COOK nvU~f../ Ok\~ l'l~~S
i I if>•• Ii~ •r• n;~ I '
----
DOCUM~~TATION CENrRE
ARMOUR'¥'
"'~cu:--~•,OWA 1' lvN Of'f~S
CLtJ 008 1/i,r ~d- 3 t I
AN 1~ S;; I.; 'l'O 1!.CCi1IU '(j
DATED
L-··-----·· I ' K c. .:i 'f At\ l,;.A
I ' .
I
I ort·~:~
CUOK livU ... £;~r·r,, Ml::..:...::i
TOILET/S~THING FACI~lTI~
Or'fR~
S..:i r· r ·~ ~.:;i :OR -~~:~~ C~~ D/U NCMlL .. r· c .: :w
--······--------~
i ,.
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I c: .. ~. ~ r ,OU.St:;/OR~ ,,,J:~s I '•"--·----------,--·-'
,-------
I TOILC:T/B.f.THING fAClLITI~S
CUOK 0ff'R
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2COMOG STANDmc OPERATIO.'UL PROCEJUR.E
I SECTION XIII l I
:: :s,;, ~•:A . .''1E~T, .::: ::CAMH-'..£!\1' J....'{D DEM013I!-IZATION O? THE LIBE?.:A:; '.IA!UmG FACTION (,,':?)
I l
1. : ~1~ !ection deala w:th thJ oonocp~ of operation, org3n1z~l 1on, oompoaition,
: -..:.:: e ~ anci ~e-'po:u,i :il.!. <;:es of ooau:anciers and other appoint'.Uents.
') ... ~he eeotion is in three 1rta as tollowa&
a . Fart I. :<moept of peration and orga.niiation. ' '
?art : : • :- oaipoei !ion, 4uties and =esponsibil.!. ties o: co:nmandet's· ar.d
~:.r.e= .lppo:.r.:=e:i t~ . I ?a~ : e~ooilization.
I
I
:'t.e c.~m.a.m1nt of the w? will bs carried o'J.t by ECOMOG, lllcnitorec.
.:.:,J ver:!' :ei 'ti· •.-::~::. as r~r t:,e Cotoncu Accord. i
:..:.':,er!.a. ·. 11 ::. '=" ci!.vld.ed into 4 s ectors. Each r.avi::~
,:nc~ca:ent s: te !'l. !
., • . .:·~sa.ra:a::.ent c [ all '-i F will / .start simultaneously ana ::i :::i:creci by S!otor fiQo. I .
~. ~n ..rriva.l a~ t ~e er.cwnpnent si:e the fightere will :e~ort : at the reception I :
cent.:-e. ·.,·upooa cuT!ed by th• !ightere v111 be inepect1ci and made ,sa.!e by I
(a Team of Ec~:oc ·..,·eapon Specil.11:5~). Thereafter they .,..ill be : briefed 'by the
.~.2ce'Otion T.a.m o:i t::e ta-'k a.held. :
. ;~e f i g~te:5 ~il1 t e direc!ed to th~ Documentation Cen:re ~here in the
~rocees of doct:::entir.g tr.em, tfei.t' a.ms and ammunition will be1
t .:t~en away from
·, :-:eci ~-: tr.e lloo-u.11e:ita.tion Team I
a. 'i'he diaar.ned !'!.ghters will be direoted to the screening cehtre to answer a I
queation:u.re under the eupervi ion o! the Screening Tea.111. Subeeq_uently as per
1outt:.ally agreed upon arrange:ne 't by ECOMOG, U~OMIL .and Ott!.ct: of Reintegration
~he ex-fighters ar9 t:-a.naferre to th~ demobili.ation centre.
9. As much ae po33ible the ex sting ch~in of command of Lh ~ ex-fighters will te
\l3ecr .. o oi·ganlse an'1 control t e group:, throughout.
1o . ~x:-i'iibtera a.re not to be ept a.t IUl oncampment ,.:d.te ior mbre lhru) 1111x (6J I
hours from the time of disa.m g, documentation and soreening ~efore 'being
: r~noferred to tte UN Demobi11 at1on T@SJl1• I I
11 . Organisation. For an effe tivc
disar.nallltnt and encampnent pro eas,
and ~ell coordineited ap~rob.ch to the
Liberia 1~ divided into 4 bectors ie Sector A '
Seotor.B, Sector Can~ D. Det iled organii~tion At Annix A.
' . \ : I . I ~ 0 L:::.' !...= •_; i.,~ ~ L'...:
.~: :: ...::i'IPO.SITION I DOT!ES
I :~.e ·.:r.derl1:it.ed orga.niiation." and .sub-or g.n1.z.a.:.1 c:::3 ..1.re .:>..ssi~nel.!. the
I
. :::;, .. ~:.g d.;.: ~ee and re:,pon.s1bi.1.:..'ties:
i . =eoe;}ton ! ~!a(~ ) i ' • I ' I
( 2 )
:93popit1on , I
( .i) 2 ~ Capt/Maj . I I
(b ) 8 x Cpl, Sgt ir SSgts
(c) 4 x RP or MP. ,
i ::~ eponRibilities 1 ( .1. ) ?•c.•i ~t ;ind b~ i .. fi.1~ o! ;ha ,if on •• :-conJ!01MnT.1J
I . ·,11tt11.n the Ca.mp 1.noiua.i.."lg the ta.ak a.head. ,
I ( ~) ,;ea.pons inapei:t1on by w'ris tnaurin~ th.at a..ll ...,ea pons a.re s:ifo.
( c) Dtreo~1ng '\,/"i' I Lnd TFC to the Reception Centre:.
~7CUlll8nta5i on'~e&m(e )
: ·) :oo;o;~tton (a. ) I ll: \JO .
; ~) 2 x Sagt.e.
\ d X U~Cl'1IL.
( d) x 'rlF ( inti rpreter )
(2) Re,ponetb111tie§, Receipt, docu:nentation o~ ~~! appropriate for.ns
: ~cCMOC ?arm L93 ar.d. Ml 93) a..1d .!:torage -:;[ .:~ .:.:- .:.:J .1n:i arnmunitior. in I
~•ugr.ated a.r::iou.ry or contJ. t.ner~ e~ur:..::ie :r.:: : .:.::. .. ,.·.;, : ➔ ·d:...i.r~t.<?d fr·;): I
.1::-~:..:nltl.on. .::COMCC Fonis 193 a.nd. l-!53. Annext:!l ~ .1,..i C.
~c ni~n1ng Team(;) (~ ) C0111po~1t1on
(&) 2 x Oftra (M& or Capt). ( ~) 2 x CTN Observ,r•.
( c) 2 x C:er.cs gts or Cpls)
=e:;:sm:1bilit~e;,. ~o o t.,.in f:::oa: tha ex-~:.. s::~E:r:1 "· ,..;1,;:. in.:'.'o~a.tlon n.:;
;.oas1blt that will !aci 1t:.t1 the qui.Ok executlou of .·J di:,~rm3.ment
exercise. ~he ex-fight r3 are put through a questiona1te. Annex D.
:::teA..''lw.DlT SITE CCMMANilER AND RES NSIBILITIES
~ ~.o f o :10..., 1ng: I
a. :lece1pt, c.ooumenta.t1on nd !ltorage nf all a.rme &.n,i a.rn:nunition.
J . ~ocumentat1on and sere n1ng of all ex-fighters. I
c. S9 clll"1ty_ of the encampn,nt site.
~. :1 ateoo ~1th th9 incamp tn~ f~ction o001111&nder for the 3Ju0Lh
~~~~n: strat100 within tnc Cap, j :o:lect ini;' a.ml evac~ti n to EC(XIOG HQ o!: .i.:l ,,t·.1,~ ·.,:1,J ' uLnw1ition
, ecovered fro~ tho ex-tight•
2
TRICTED
Be ar~ll
· ::, ~~::.e !c= tt:e !ollowing1
?-:-:v:d1.n.g :nfor:na.t ior. :or. :1'..;..:::e= o:· e:x:-fi i ::-:e:::-s, .e..1po4::, atr.mWlit1on, r:
:: -::-~nc• a.n:i o :nur 11arli"e ,na. :or ial.3 be fore tho s-::ir: ::: ! tk1t: disa.rtna:nen-: • I
..::-. e\;.n, tt.a.t a.11 arms a.."1d a.=unitior. are cleand, ·.-ell cleaned anci.
;::-e ;:a n,d f c: storage. I
:' . ..,.1..n:.arn cloee liaison w1tl": :::e e i :e CoC'llnancier fc: en4orce111.!nt of Car..
. ::;:oi::t :. :io::umenta.t1cn· cleri< -:o ._,orx a.longsi.de ;:. 1,, _,; , ~::J .;)ocu:nent~-;ior.
~rs~-.nel er.oilltyed may enga.ge : n tho iollov1ng act1v1t!.ee.
• • , ~.ysical \.NJ.Ai,~.
: ..:.r=-ovea:ent :0 tr.e in!'::'ast::-.i:::uro and deac:. va.tion o: :mines and b;ioby !
, ~e -....-. :::e enca:~;:ment a~a •
... e-.:L:l;x:on: ,:ereons wi~l :.ea.ve tr.a site w~:r. .,,.oapon or SJIIUIW1ition. I I
_,-.caapeo. 1.wl.t.11 wlll le&ve th• area of tne&.':lpunt cnl)' w1th 1th• approval of
: ::.~:c ~- !
-,,.ec1!~ad pl&cee w1ll be deeign.,.ted as Vie.1.tore Room. All Jr. required to I
... ~ :.1 authorised v1s1tore w!.ll be briefed t y :he =i.: I:,t O!f'r (IO) er
I So v:s1tor wUl be rectiv11d or enterta1n;d in dOU1i.ul':f.~.
~o p~ae visit except uthorised by ECOM0C li~ •
. -. -~::..::.:.:>.£ ~I THE EVE!i'l' OF rncIDE OR PROGRAMME VIOUTIC'N
I . I :- ::-.e enca:npnent eitt comma.ndtr a..nd/or ~he inO&mJlllent F~ctio~Comma.ndei: shall
·- - ·•' ;,=.~ed1a.~e ::ieaeurea with tteir tr~op~ 'to Quell o.ny incident b?" viola.tion. l I I .
. r.y co.:wander who hears of ny inc1dant or vl.ol.i~:on to ,1;,.1·11 tho res;,omni:lc
--~~, !.::.::ed~ately should they beiong 'to hi~ unit to take ap~ro~r~~te disciplin.irj
~: :or.. i , 2. li.ll oc:mmazi.dara.a.re to aend. i.l:icident reports to their 1:mnediate superiors
-~ed1ntely. I I
3
RESTRICTED
........ , " ' I lnru r f\ i I 'L', I: '.~I. I ' \ l; CL.N (M '8 J ~ ~~ ~ 1. l01 , 11 , L ... L J ' u i: -, 1 .7 - - ~ 1•. - · \....:...., ,._..,. i..-..,. ..__,,, ___,,,, --
1
23, In the event c f an incident or violation the , unit shall ' I
refrain from retaliation and shall exert efforts to prevent further
incidence.
24. Encampment site commander may in conjunction with the I
designated faction commander adopt any security measure peculiar to
their local areas using thils instruction ae the basis. ECOMOG HO
must be notified of these l~cal arrangementa.
I I
25. Layout of an Encampment Site. Fumex E.
SECTOR COMMAND!tR
26. The moat ~enior ECOMOG :Military Commander in whoee sector the
encampment site 1s located ehall be reaponsibls for the following: '
a.. Supervise and monitor encampment and disanr..ament exercise I .
within his sector aa well aa other sectors in conjunction with
tJNOMIL and W1" Commande~. I
b. Submit daily SITRIF and weekly progreaa report.a to ECOMOG . I
HO copy to the area commander en the disarmament exercise. c. Exerci&• oper&tiob.ai and admi.nietrative oo~trol at all
encampment eitaa withih hi ■ sector. I
d. Cooperate with local commander to ensure
exereiae.
CUSTOMARY OF WEAPONS AND
I 28. All arms and ammunitio collected shall be recorded in ECOMOG
I Forms provided. Arms and he ammunition shall be g~thered into
armouriaa and magazines aJd ahall ba s ■curad prop~rly by the
encampment site commander. Twenty four hours gua!rd will be I
maintained at the armouries and magazines.
29. No encamped factidn ie to have access to ' any arms or I
ammunition. Weapons aod :awnunition in the encampment site will be
backloaded to KCOMOG HQ ~hen so directed by ECOMOG HQ.
30. L§yout o f ECOMOG HQ iBa9kloaded Point (Armoury), Annex G.
31. Security Instry9tiop tor ~COMOG HQ Armoury . ~ex H.
PART III - DEMOBILIZATION
32. The ex- f ~ghters will! be handed over to the demooilization te5lll1
after screen~~g. 7hie wtll be done through a mutu&Lly agreed upon
arrangemont: :::: etween ECOMOG/UNOMIL/Oftice of Reintegration (Demo
33. While t~e political :aim of de.mobilization is ~ite clear and
fundamentally achieved with the withdrawal of individual weapons, I ::~::~~id~:~ o7£8i:a e=~e:::nt::r:tri8:n~r~: vif;rDi :i !1::~rnUN:ILh~:
assigned the reaponsibil ~ty of ensuring~ smooth transition of the I .
ex-fighters from milita~ environment to civil environment.
RE SI' RI C':'ED
.UmEX 'A.' .50 PART 1 c:r s:wr;_~:: __ _;<III
ORCAN:i:z.;.':'IC:N CF SECTORS
1 •
t _,, .
,, .
6.
1.
e.
Seat or A. .::;i~prise I t.he follow1.n6 with F.Q, at ·:\;.'::;::ar."c\.;rg:
&. Lola CoUAty. ,
b. -::rea.-:. : a.mp Mo-w1t County.
,: , 3001 C.::unty.
a•
a. 2ong ~.;un~ y •
" "',Ugl:.!. : 0unty . .., . I
c. ';rand 3a3sa C¢u."lty. I
4 ~.ive rce ~18 CoUl\ty • ... I
e. '.;tmba. County. ,
~nc&oE:"E~t Sltee. !Listed 'telow1
a. Gba.rnga. I I
b. :,~:.ca~a. i I I
c. :olll;:o;...nd No 2~
Sector C. Compriee 1tr.e !allowing with HQ a.t z •,.edn.:
a. Ora.nd Cedeh CdUAt:,.
b. S.illoe County. i o. Grand Kru County.
d v i • ..a.ryl:ind CountJy.
Encamo:::ent Sites. listed 'below;
a. Zwed.ru.
b. :-!a.rpe r.
Sector D. Comprise oteerre.do County. sector HQ at Monrovia
~ocam:c;;eI'l.t.....5.11.ll&. J isted below:
a.. Schieifl1n.
b. BTC.
RESTRICTED I
.. z C) -~ ~ ...._.
. . . . .
,; n ~ 4"' - = j - J ' C• · ' IJ, N, ~ONROV!f..
I
. I I
i I L ,
2 i:,
a:
C 0 _,
;I = 11.-~~
I I
...... i I! ' ._,
i I ·----
~ I
_-: - i ··-----·
:I a '.~.
I ------- ·--··-·· --•· ---------···•·•-- ... ··-·-----.1
0 %
.... ~
U) --· -,,..,
----- I ---------,.----
:-,•-•--~----------------- ---· ··· --- -
" .. i ~
...... ()
-------- ·---
-----
"
L.,
' 0 :., .,
cc
:::
...
l~I E1 ~- I -I
;z; ::, - · ' .. I ,,j ~
t _.,,,. I r:;"j9lr--0 0 ,::;1, 0\ A . 0 . '
., r ( ,.... r-, j~ _ _
-------
QUESTICNNAIRE !OR EX-FIGHTERS
l. The following questionnaire will facilitate exe~ution ~f
disarmamenc and encampment of WFs by ECOMOG. Screening Team to
ansure questionnaire is 1completed by each ex-fighter.
2.
3 •
3croening T~am Only
a.
b.
C •
For
a.
b.
c .
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j •
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
P•
Date
Location
Screening
( l l
( 2 l
( 3)
( " ) Ex-fighter
Na.me
Age
Team:
{ i, )
Plaoo o! Birth:
Tribe
No Rank
Occupation pribr to breakout of hoetilities
Unit/Sub,Unit
Size of Unit \
Rank \
Location I Name of Local 9ommandar Name (a) of Su~erior Commander (s)
Types of WeapoJ Used in Unit/Sub-unit
Where trained I I
Period served ~itb present Unit I
If taken part in any combat, where and when I
Name
Location of Un~t Ar1noury, arm cache, minsfields. I I
RESTRICTED
J ISAP .. M.A f✓ ,: ~ ; :
sun'.Afl Y S-rZ:7
Serial
(a)
I : I !
l
' I I
' .
':':;pa
.
of W~a:pon
(b) I
I : .
I I
I I I I
I I
I
I I
RESTRIC':"ED.
Type of AlllillO •~a.ntity P.amark.s ---··· ..
(o) ( ~) i' ., ) \ .
- -·-
'
I
I I
I
' I I
' i
I
I I
!
~
' :
i I
I ' '
I
- -· · '
i nsr.::: · ~ l.J.Q.CV~--
l ACC0:-1?10!:A':'!: :: C, t:; 5 I
r ---··-·· · ' TOILZ'.:' /cA:'E:- •·
FACI"L,17 IES C :-:_.,
r·-- . --- - . - --· --- - 1
COOK EC:;~./
i
ANNEX \ E TO PAR':i' 1 G? gf'I'IQN XIII
I
..----~------ . I
f ~OORY I
-----· -CE
----···
AccoMMor..i.T:oNI OFF:15 ___j ...._ __________ . - · ·
TOILET/BATRilrG :ACLI'JIIES OFFRS I
.' r . •~ j I I, 'i
I I l:: ,/ I / ' , . , \ 1 lfl1 Ui ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' , .• \ .. _0[ ·:..-':_• ., .. , -. ·:-~ . . ,
....,1. YOL'T OF SECTOR r. ~
---- '
I ~ :QR r ' - ' ~,.. , 1n1'""'·0 .. r· / : - .. ~ ~.. v.• ... - I I • "\ , '"•" f' L. __ -'-'_• ._.,
I
TO ~...ET /BJ.. TH~C . ... . :..~rn:s OR
c:t.N - (j{j1/ 1. '} 0 J- 3 2
1,--_ -,~---·- ]: .. :\ADIC iiCOM
L--
ACCOXMODATlON O:IT'RS
! AN::~. f=' 1 'TO · . . •.·11 1 ~ . ~,
·SEc: ~-:-:: ;- _.:· l I ··---··.
I '."·0·.:· 1 1.:.r
l ____ _
~ ~
-t, Q
~ ~ g
I
3
' . 'J __ ; J , __ _ ' - -: -::-!] 11: .: ~~ ' - :s , r \ I
' '::-~ , ~ ~ ) ~ i) '?:-~
LAY_OUT _OF ECOMOG HQ Aff1_QU_R_Y
. --- - -- -
ANNl:.J, G 'J'C J ... HT 'l'Q_Sf:CTION >JII
I Sentry . Sentry Pest ·, Pest
.___
MAGAZINE
-- -- - ·- - - ·---- - -- --------
. - --- il 'r~ NPFL
I' l· L I v UMu J I ;
- - . - I
I ! ) j
.__ __ '·_· ~ __ j - - ~ ~1~1 i I I I I I I -I I I ____ _ J I I
--i c SENTRY r--1 i m~ I ..____ __ _
r-
ECOMOO HQ/20~/G See Distributiont
I I I
I
RESTRICTED
u.._,fi -obey 1 9 ,:)1 J 1..
~X H TO PART I or SECTION XIII
Headquarters ECOMOG Fr,ezona MONROVll November 93
Security ~n,tructicn• tor ECOMOG HO Arm.ourv - eurrender,d arms a.mmuoitiort
INTRODUCTION
1. By the provisions of tha Liberia Peace Agreement the warring
fact1ona are to ba disarmed and encamped by ECOMOG, monitored and I
verified by the United Nations Observers (UNOMIL).
4• All surrendered a~ and ammunition will be collected at tho I
1ectors and backlo&ded t~ ECOMOG HQ for safe custodt.
I I
LOCATION 01' ARMOURY I 3. An armoury has been ~rovided within the inner parimetar fenca
ot ECOMOO HQ. The armour,y compri••• 8 x 12 x 6 me~re containers I .
for weapon• and ix 6 x \3 metre■ containers for ammunition ~nd I
explosives, perimeter wir, fencing, sentry points and guards reat-room.
SECURITY I 4.
of
I
24 Hrs guarde will be \provided by
guards as follows :
ECOMOG HQ Camp .
•• b.
l X Sgt
l x Cpl
c. 7 x Ptes
Commander
2IC
CoD\poaition
s. Dyties of the Guard ; Commande~
a. The guard commander : will ensure that:
{ l) Sentry pas ts are manned 2 4 hrs.
6.
a.
(2) Tour of duty of a sentry does not exceed two (2) hrs at
( 3)
( 4)
a tima.
Guards are
patrolled .
paired I I
i
at night and the irinor parim.,ter
No unauthori:od persons or vehicles are allowed icto the
enclosed area. Only those authorized by COS or any ether
persons designated by him to do so will be allowed to
enter.
( 5) Sent=-!.ee are properly relieved before they vacata their
poets
( 6) NO SHOJC::!lG or naked light. is allowed within• the perimeter
fance.
(7) All arms and ammunition returned to tha armoury/magazinaa
are well kept and door locks to containers well secured .
( 8) A high etandard l of discipline is ma.inta.ined. I
( g) A high etandard ' of i
turnout is maintained.
(10) A high atandard1 of sanitation is maintained within and
around the guar~ rmst room. I
(ll) Guards are fully, aware of what to do in the event of fire
breakout. I (12) All guards k..now 1the daily Password.
i Dutiee of the Sentry I When detailed on dutYi•
(ll You will ho on tty for 2 hours,
(2) You will not vacate your duty post until you1 are properly
relieved. I (3) You will not al~ow unauthorized
enter the perimeter. If you are I
persons o~ vehicle• to
in doubt c•11 th• guard
(4)
commander fo aee~stance .
If you diecove~ any fire shout. "FIRE, I Attempt to put · ff th.a fire with the
provided until h. lp comee.
FIRE, FIRE".
fire appliance
i well dressed at all time■.
I (6) You must k.now 1the daily Paaaword.
I RECEPTION or ARMS AND AZOIUNITION
i I
7. All arms and ammunition baokloa.ded to ECOMOG HQ will be
received and i nventory f orrectly taken before they are stored in
the armoury/ m&gazine by the reception team.
8. Co;npoeit~on and Reaponsibilities of the Reception Team I
a. The reception team 1ahall compose of 2 officers and 3 ORB 1 x
9.
I WO ond 2 x S/sqts. :Details will be published ]ater. The team
I
will b e responsible tor the following: I
(1) Receipt, documentation
provided and I storaqe
backloaded to ~ COMOG HO.
I in the appropritte note books
of all arma and amanmition
(2) Ensure that a]l doors to the containers are clo••d and I
locks well eecured. I I
( 3) Ensure that oflY thoae authori:z:ed accompany th• team
including fati e partiae.
Followinq will be obseried within the
preccint of the armoury/ gasiner j
a . F1re fighting quipment will be provided at the front and
rear of the co tainers.
b.
c.
d .
NO SMOXING or naked light within the petimeter and 50
meters trom th outer perimeter fence.
Sand and water buckate are always filled.
In the event o fire outbreak whoever disJover■ th• fire
first will ahn1~ FTV~, FIRE, FlRE, At\e~p~ bo put cff
the tire and a ait help.
VISITORS
10 . Only visitors
i I I I
I authd>rized
I
by the CO■ or anyi oth
designated by him to do eo, will b-, permitted entry .. I I
11. Thasa instruction■ take immediate effect .
! i
TO:
PAX:
P'RON:
DATE:
SUBJECT:
KUMBKR:
I
Q~~ M. l L / Cf!> C}<.._., :CODE CABLE
MR. KOP'I ANt(AN, USG DPKO UNATIONS, N'i
I
GOROON-SOMM~RS, SRSG, UNOMIL I
212-963-4879/9222 I
I MAJOR GENERAL DANIEL OPANDE OIC, UNOMIL j
I 14 JANUARY i994
ZIMBABWE COllTIJIG~
MV,A 03~ I I I
PLEASE FIND ATTACHED BuqGET PROPOSALS POR THE O~PLOYMENT OF ZIMBABWEAN CONTINGENT AS PART OF EXPANDED ECOMOG. WE FEEL AFTER ATTENDING TH! WASHINGTON TALKS, YOU AR.E FULLY AR.MED TO REPLY TO THE ZIMBA.SWUM AUTHORITIES ON t1'HEIR SUBMISSIONS.
, I THIS MORNING ZIMBABWEAN !MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS CALLEO CONFIRMING THAT THE AIRF~CE COSTING OF $33,115,43~4 Too SHOULD BE STRUCK OFF THE BUDGET, ;JE MINISTER REITERATED THE R COMMITMENT AND EAGERNESS TO DEPLOY AS , SOON AS DEMOBILIZATION FUN IS RELEASED TO THEM AND FIRM COMMlTM!NT GIVEN ON THE O L BUDGET REQUIREMENT. I ' PLEASE COMMUNICATE DIRECTLY TO ZIMBABWEAN MINisral oF FOREIGN AFFAIRS FAX 26J-4-7i8695 dR 263-4-705161.
REGARDS.
I I
I I '
A.
B.
I i I i CLN - qo ~/ l<if 2
COSTS OF DBPLOYNEMT TO nIBERIA I
ZIMBABWE DEFENSE FORCES, I I
The cost of sending a/ battalion of 900 men ars Js
1. 2. J. 4.
Mobilization ejnses Mobilization tra~ning Vehicle costs I Other unit equipment:
4.1. Sourced in zimbal.,we 4.2. sourced external~y but
delivered in Zimbabwe 4. 3. Sourced externallly but
delivered to Litjeria 5. Deployment ~xpenses: 5.1. Zimbabwe to Liberia by air 5.2. Liberia to Zimbabwe
us$
200,ooo Joo 400,0001' 00
9,500.000 00 '
l,507.836j00
'.380,713100
I 8,001,590t00
follows:
6. Troops Maintena~ce for 6 months
570,oooloo 1,420,000tOO 4,730,750 00
26,710,asi.oo I ' I j I
I Airforce of Zimbabwe=
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Rations Barracks and cl Incidental cost Operating equip Transportation
Total costs A and a
I
I 60 Men
thing
ent
267,840.00 213,423.00 134,424.00
3.3,596,477.00 903,270.00
33,115,4,34.00
us$ 61,826,32~.oo c::-=-=====-~=:d,-;:::1::a==
I
TO:
A'rl'II:
FAX:
FROM:
DATE:
SU8JECT:
HUNBBR:
CODE CABLB
MR. KOFI ANNAN, USG DPXO UNATIONS, NY
MR IQBAL RIZA DPKO
212-963-4879/9222
MAJOR GENERAL DANIEL OPANDE OIC, UNOMIL
5 JANUARY 1994
.MESSAGE
0 5 JAN 1994
MR ABBAS BUNDU MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS SIERRA LEONE CALLED LAST WEEK EXPRESSING CONCERN OVER THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN UPPER LOFA. FURTHER INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS WILL TAKE PLACE BETWEEN US AND SIERRA LEONE OFFICIALS IN FREETOWN THIS WEEJCEHD. EYE INTEND TRAVELLING WITH MR RACHID GAFEZ SENIOR POLITICAL ADVISOR TO FREETOWN ON FRIDAY 7 JANUARY 1994 RETURNING MONROVIA TUESDAY 11 JANOARY · l994. WHILE IN FREETOWN WE SHALL ALSO MEET WITH THE NIGERIAN CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF.
1/,
uJ~~, L-( eo-rv t@@!f~RJ!fil[~ CODE CABLE ? TO: MR. KOFI ANNAN, USG ~-,./
DPKO e_..r:z__ UNATIONS, NY
FAX: 212-963-4879/9222
02~ ~
2 9 DEC 1993
.,... FROM:
DATE:
SUBJECT:
NUMBER:
MAJOR GENERAL DANIEL OPANDE CMO, UNOMIL
29 DECEMBER 1993
STOLEN/LOOTED UH PROPERTY I.N VABtJN
MVA 113
.... ·, ----
EYE VISITED BOMI HILLS YESTERDAY AFrrERNOON ANO DISCUSED THE SUBJECT OF UN LOOTED/STOLEN VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT BY ULINO FIGHTERS WITH ALHAJI KROMAH. WE STRONGLY EXPRESSED DISAPPOINTMENT TO MR KROMAH FOR THIS ATTACK ON THE UNOMIL. MR. KROMAH ASSURED ME OF THEIR COOPERATION IN RECOVERING THE ITEMS. HE INDICATED MOST OF THE ITEMS/VEHICLES HAVE NOW BEEN RECOVERED BY HIS SENIOR CO!OIANOERS IN AND AROUND VAHUN. HE FURTHER STATED THE PROPERTY WILL BE RETURNED TO US IN DUE COURSE. HE PROFUSELY APOLOGISED FOR THE ACTION TAKEN BY HIS RENEGADE FIGHTERS IMPLYING THEY REMOVED THE VEHICLES TO SAVE THEM FROM POSSIBLE CAPTURE BY LDF REBELS. KROHAH REITERATED ULIMO'S COMMITMENT TO THE SPEEDY IMPLEMENTATION OF COTONOU ACCORD. IN OUR VIEW ULIMO WILL HAVE TO PROVE ITS COMMITMENT BY ACTION RATHER THAN WORDS. WE ARE MONITORING THE SITUATION CLOSELY WHII.E MA:tN'I'AINIHG CON'l'Ar.'I'S WI'l'H tJt.IMO'S t.Ji:ADICRSHIP 'I'O IMS'UlW SJ:t'l'UATION IN UVJ:.l.l!!H W.l!'A RJ!!'l'UHNH 'l'U NU~ AS ~UUN AS J:JUSSlliLE. U!JV lUU!:;LY THIS IS A MAJOR SETBACK IN OUR EFFORTS, HOWEVER CONCERTED EFFORT WILL BE MAINTAINED TO RESOLVE THE CURRENT CRISIS IN UPPER LOFA.
REGARDS.
l Jfilillir - ~1~- 030 I I
CODB CABLE
12 9 DEC 1993 . \ ~ ·l.o ~
TO: MR. KOP'I USG 1: IC.-
DPXO UNATIONS,
PAX: 212-963-4
P'ROM: DANIEL OPAND!
DATE: 1993
SUBJEC'l': RELOCATIO
lfUKBBR:
1, ON 23 DECEMBER 1993 A TEAM CONSISTING OF UNOMI , UNDP AND UNHCR REPRESENTATIVES VI ITED THE UNHCR CAMP ATV '110 CONDUCT A FIRST HAND ASSESSMENT F THE SECURITY SITUATION. THE TEAM WAS ACCOMPANIED BY A SENIOR LIMO REPRESENTATIVE AND WITH THE LEADER OF THE JCMC TEAM TATIONED AT VAHUN, THE UNH R VAHUN suaOFFICE HEAD, MSF (B), LW AMO THE LOCAL ULIMO C0l'UV"'uER.
2. ALL PARTICIPANTS AG RED THAT THE SECURITY SITO TIOH IN VAK";JN HAD IMPROVED AND THAT TH WAS NO INDICATION THAT ITHER THE RUF OR THE LOF WERE THREATEN NG VAHUN, YANDOHUN OR THE ACENT . TOWNS. NO ABNORMAL REFUG ! INFLUX INTO V.IJruN FROM E TOWNS TO THE NORTH (GENERALLY AN NDICATION OF FIGHTING) HAD BEEN NOTED. THERE WAS CONCURRENCE T 'l' THE ACTIVITIES OF THE EV XNG OF 20 DECEMBER 1993 (HIJACKED SF VEHICLE, ROAD CLOSURE D REPORTS OF FIGHTING IN THB AREA) SE TO HAVE BEEN AN EXCEPT ON AND THAT THE SECURITY SITUATION D IMPROVED.
3, BASED ON THIS VISIT IT WAS DETERMINED THAT IT RETtJ'RN TO A NORMAL LEVEL OF OPERATION IN 'l'HE VAHUN THE EVENING OF 2, DECEMB R ULIMO COMBA'l'AHTS FROM AREA HIJACICED A UNHCR V ICLE IN VAHUN. THE SAME (B) VEHICLE HIJACKED OH 0 DECEMBER WAS SEEM IN Y BACK FROM TUBMAHBURG LOA ED WITH ARMS, AMMUNITION HIJACKERS REFUSED TO RE THE VEHICLE.
4. THE AFTERNOON OP 25 DECEMBER A GROUP OP APPRO ARMED COMBATANTS ENTERED THE VILLAGE OF VAHUJf FIRI WEAPONS AND HIJACXED THR MORB VEHICLES FROM THE 10 TON MERCEDES TRUCX, 1 PICKUP AND l PATROL NISS GIVEN FOR TAXING THE VEH CLES WAS TO CARRY >JO!UNIT
: HOWEVER, YANDOHUN
AY THE MSl" HUH COMING
D FOOD. THE
KATELY 30 TH!IR
HCR CAMP (1 ) • THE REASON N TO AND
I~
'
i - 2 -
WOUNDED FROM FIGHTING IN HE VOINJAMA AREA TO THE NO~TH. THEY ALSO TOOK 20 MOTOROLA HAN SETS ANO ATTEMPTED TO REMOYE THE HF RADIO BUT WERE STOPPED BY THE LOCAL ULIMO COMMANDER ~D CAMP STAFF. LATER THAT EVENIN ANOTHER GROUP FORCED THE EAD OF sueOFFICE TO OPEN HIS SAFE A GUNPOINT, THE STAFF THREA ENED AND TENTS LOOTED, j
5. ULIMO COMBATANTS RE- !RED THE CAMP THE MORNIN~ OF 26 DECEMBER AND TOOK THE R INING THREE VEHICLES, TO I~CLUDE ONE UNOMIL JCMC NISSAN PATROL WITHOUT ANY VEHICLES AN~ CONSIDERING THE THREAT TO PERSONNEL, E DECISION WAS KADE TO CLbSE THE CAMP AND RELOCATE THE STAFF TO MONROVIA. I
6. THE RELOCATION FROM AHUN OF ALL REMAINING INTl .. ATIONAL STAFF, MONROVIA HIRED EMP YEES, JCMC TEAK MEMBERS ~(B) ANO 82 REFUGEE ORPHANS WAS INITI TEO ON SUNDAY, 26 OECEMBEa 1993. THE RELOCATION, CONSISTING OF FIVE FLIGHTS (TWO ON 26 D CEMBER AND 3 ON 27 DECEMBER) BY A MSF B) CHARTERED ANTONOV WAS OMPLETED ON MONDAY, 27 DECEMBER 1993 EN THE LAST FLIGHT LEFT AHUN AT 1630 HOURS.
7. DESPITE THE TENSE AN DANGEROUS SITUATION AT TE CAMP THE WITHDRAWAL WAS COMPLETED NAN ORDERLY MANKER WITH LL COMMUNICATION AHO COMPUT EQUIPMENT DISMANTLED ANO RETURNED. ALL OTHER EQUIPMENT WASS CURED IN THE CAMP OFFICE. I
8. ASSURANCES WERE RECE VED FROM THE LOCAL ULIMO ~OMMANDER THAT THE REMAINING PROPERTY WOLD BE SECURED 'l'O THE BESTjOF HIS ABILITY, HOWEVER, IT 5HO BE NOTED THAT H! IS HEL~LESS WHEN FACING WELL ARMED FIGHT£ FROM OUTSIDE HIS AREA. '
9. YESTERDAY EYE MET WI H ALHAJI KROMAH, WHERE EY FORMALLY EXPRESSED OUR OISAPPOIN ENT REGARDING THE DEVELOPM NT IN UPPER LOFA. SEPARATE MESSAGE EADY SENT TO YOU ON THIS
10. I WILL REEP YOU APP ISED OF ANY CHANGES RELATED TO VAHUN AS THEY DEVELOP.
IN TH I I
I I
SITUATION
10 =
L) µ O r1 IL/~~
U N I T B O N A T I O N
Outgoing Fax Number:
To: Mr. Kofi Annan, USG DPKO
Fax No:
2 J DEC 1993
' i .:~ =: ,-·, ~-3 l C L N ,.. 0 21 N A T I O N S U N I E S
NOMIL Fa 1 of l
Date: 27 1993
From: Daniel UNOMIL
Fax No 231-798-906 Inma~sat: 874-151-3357 Tel 231-225-568
Attn: File Ref:
Subject: T nzanian
Drafter Title
MESSAGE
At a debrief this mo ning with the Tanzanian rmy Chief of Staff the following timeta le was agreed for the depl yment of 650 soldiers. Daily airlift of 170 soldiers from Dar Es-Salaarr, to Monrovia on 2, 3, 4 and January 1994. Please i form the Air Charter Company accordingl . We therefore recommend irlifting of Ugandan Advance Party of 50 soldiers to take place •on 6 January 1994. Regards and Happy
-- - - --
. .. I
I ' NOMI L I I . , i ..... I
'•u·1:i-t eo NATIONS IIATIONS UN , ES !ls • ___ ,_,F;·:TER:) 2 3 OE 1 93
/~ \\: 52 -· 1119810N IN UIER1A --3 ,,rr 2 3 ----1·-1'-\ UC. ..,
Monrovia, ct-, 23, 1993
~ TO: ANNAN, UNATIONS '
FROM: CMPO / UNOMaL ltCol MO~ ..... -.: • ALI RU ........ , ........
I SUBJECT: REPLY TO YOUR COCl E-CASLE No.2448, DATED DEC 1 t 993
M'IA•I'~ 1. By December 23, 19931M fOI:_ .. ,. ru,'Olrs of military ltlff are pre tin UNOMIL. The mlllt•ry 1taff conslete onty cl m ates.
..
~k TOTAL Detalll U!'JU'"'~ Med.U ,1t Ena.unit ~ria•Gen 1 1 1 a.! -cor 3 3 ' -1 . LtCol 11 11 9 11 1 Mil 117 - 4
LtCmdr 1 7 - • M,i 101 ie ~ ..,
SQO Ldr e e . -r- 59 i
Capt 58 58 ' .- -Lt (Navv: 1 1 . -
Sgi,uPi 56 - • H 40 TOTAL 2.ce 181 2C ,46
I I
2. Beet regardl. Merry Chrlatmae • ~d • Happy New Veer. I
! I
I I
I I
C OJhC'()Q
l Od t, l 0
utJoMtL-(_(? ~ DEC 1993
N A T I O N S U N I E S
UNOMIL Pa e 1 of '
Outgoing Fax Number: 't 11' To: Mr. Jan Eliasson, USG,
DHA
Mr. James Jonah, USG, DPA
Mr. Kofi Annan, USG, DPKO
Fax No:
Attn:
F.ax No 231-798-906 Inmarsat: 874-151-3357 Tel 231-225-568
File Ref: Drafter : Title
subject: Letter to Ambassador Li Zhaoxing
MESSAGE
With reference to a letter addressed to Ambassador Li Zhaoxing
on 15 December, by Dr. J. de Miliano, Chairman of the International
Council of MSF, on behalf of representatives of some of the NGOs
operating in Liberia, I hereby submit a few observations. I hope
that this will enable you to gain a broader perspective on their
concerns.
As stated in the progress report to the Security Council, we
acknowledge disruption and delays in the delivery of humanitarian
(2155809 N/ S l ~1~3817 Nn Gl55809 58:ll Gc-cl-866[
I 2: 0d 17 10
2
assistance. The reasons not elaborated on in t he NGO letter
include:
Security - With the delays in .implementation of the Cotonou Accord,
the t hree signatoriee to the ceasefire remain mietr~stful of each
other . As t ime progresses, the warring factions become more and
more restless. As scipulated in the Accord, until disarmament the
factions would hold their positions. This in effect means that the
checkpoints in ULIMO and NPFL areas have been maintained since the
signing of the Accord on 25 July, five months ago. Checkpoints or
gates as they are known are manned meetly by child and teenage
fighters . Boredom, substance abuse and hunger combine to create
volatile situat ions, part i cularly if an opportunity arises to covet
supplies , especially r ice . In some areas local commanders behave
l ike warlords , d i sregard i ng t heir own high command. The result~ of
their errat i c behaviour have been to disrupt many relief convoye.
NGO and UN personnel have been hax·asaed. Journeys that should take
several houL s have many times taken two days. Deepite these
setbacks the only t ime t h ere was a complete cessation of assistance
across the line was du r ing the six weeks when the truck drivers
hired by WFP were incarcerated. Reasons for their detention were
inaccuracies on t heir t ravel documents and the subsequent discovery
t hat one wa s a Nige~ian and therefore thought to be a spy. During
t hat period drivers were fearful of travelling into NPFL/NPRAG
territory . In lhe t wo weeks following the release of the drivers
more t han 30Omts. of humanitarian assi~tance crossed the line.
21 SS 809
80d !7 10
3
Accessibility Whilst we acknowledge that the movement of
assistance across the line is less than we hoped for it should b~
noted that there was and still is no limit on the quantity of
supplies that can be delivered through Loguato from Cote D'Ivoire.
The JCMC reports an average of S00 mts. crossing per week.
At the time when the requirement of 7000 mts. was identified
as needed in NPFL/NPRAG area, it was envisaged that 40% would be
transported by train which was then operational. However due to a
conflict between LIMCO, the company which manages the train and the
NPFL/ NPRAG, the train has not not been made available for the
tranoportu.tion of humanitarian a::10.i~Lauce.
The emerqence of new fact ions. Liberi ;ai P~"'r"' f'n,mc-i 1 and the
Lofa Defence Force have made sume areas in the South East and Lofa
county inaccessible .
In Upper Lofa road conditions hav~ also prevented land
deliveries of food to the 150,000 refugees and displaced citizens.
To overcome this an airdrop of food was mounted for a two month
period which sustained the population during the rainy eeason.
Administration - ECOMOG admini9trative procedures related to the
inopection and provis.iun uf 1:!J::H~orr. to relief convoys travelling to
NPFL/ NPRAG territory are cumbersome and are perceived by some as
being obstructive, thereby frustrating the relief community.
( G l S S 8 0 9 N / S) ti I 2:l38 11 N11 GiSSC09
17 Od td 0
4
Misl~ust of NPFL/NPRAG .i s t.he overriding determinant in this
regard. I attach a recent letter which I addressed to ECOMOG
expressing our concerns. Discussions are ongoing to reach some
mutually acceptable arrangements which will facilitate more
efficient delivery of humanitari an assistance.
Coordination - As stated in the Security Council's report
(S/26868) of 13 December, the section on humanitarian assistance
pointed to the recent establishment of more effective coordination
mech.::an.i.tt111i::, Ll1::::i l~u~u Lv l111i:J.r.uv~ lnrormation exchanges ana aec1.s1on
making between the UN and NGO community.
While it is true that the debate within relief communities
during conditions of conflict will continue for sometime yet, it is
equally evident that genu ine attempt s are being made to find
workable solutions. A noteworthy example is the weekly
coordinat i on meeting, chaired by the UNDP Resident Representative,
in his capacity as Coordinator for Humanitarian Assistance, and
attended by che major implementing NGOs. In this forum, policy
issues are candidly discussed and debated. I try to attend this
meeting regularly to share information on progress of the peace
process.
( G l S 5 8 0 9 ~v S l Id I ~38 I 7 Nn Gl5S809 2.8=11 cc-ct-8661
I· I
U!rITED ff AT l OHS tf A T I O H S U N I B S
UNITED NATIONS OBSERVER MrssION IN LIBERIA (UNOMIL)
Brig.General John Adda Deputy Field Commander ECOMOG
; Monrovia Liberia
Dear Gen. Adda Date: 6 Dec. 1993
I greatly appreciated your meeting with us this mornin9. lt ie . my hope that ~e can jointly imple■ent those measures which will expedite the delivery of humanitarian asaietGnoe through0Ut Liberia. In that li9ht, the proposals which I ma setting out below are designed to improve our performance. As I pointed out at our meeting, the international relief .community, i.e. tba ·w agencies and MGOs, have only been able to meet 101 of the food needs in the last four months in NPFL/NPRAG areas. · From nu.tri tional assessments, indications are that aalnutrition is once more on the increase.
At this crucial juncture '1n the peace process, with the spirit of optimism and commitment that prevails among the parties, any delay of humanitarian assistance can only have a negative impact. Whilst I acknowledge the efforts that ECOMOG has been making to facilitate the movement of convoys, it has come to my attention that there are delays (for whatever reasons) which are reflected in the frustrations leading to recent statements in the press.
The secretary General is required to report to the Security Council on 16 December outlining progress made in finding « durable solution to the Liberian conflict. I would. like, as I know you would, to report positively which is in part due to the partnership of the ON and ECOWAS.
May I propose therefore the following points for your considerationr
l,There will be no need to inspect food in the port of Monrovia designated for UN and CRS distribution,ae it comes from the same stock. UNOHI L will facilitate , as deemed necessary, the loading and movement of vehicles from the port. Tha vehicles will be sealed and proceed to their destinations, all uver the country. If you feel it is necessary to provide an escort tn Kaltota th!!lt i ,,- ut cour~a your prerogative . However, tn!s should not result in any delay which would impede the convoy reaching its
SOd 1710 c c: 1 s ,,..,5 8=0,--,9----.N.-:/""S,_.) --.--,'ti ,,1 ~"'::3978,,1-=7,-.-Ni?in:--------~c: Dt st:1s:Jc:-cofc91-ge cs:T: t l c: c:- c: t - c s 6 t
I _, I
i
kv4 ~ / ~ ~ f- J; destination before nightfall. As you may be aware there is a movement curtew after 11.00 hours in NPFL/NPRAG territory.
2. There should be three food convoys into NPPL/NPRAG territory per week, each comprising of 10 trucks and 5 pick ups. This would enable us to meet 301 of the needs rather than 101.
?.Th•~- •Mv-~u ~u un• non rooa convoy {1.~- ■aa1ca1 SUppiies and fuel) per week again comprising of 10 trucks and 5 piok ups. Nost (at least 75t) of these supplies are from the UN and therefore do not require inspection. Supplies purchased by NGOs ••Y be inspected at the ECOMOG base the morning ot it$ departure and again we would hope that no undue delays will result. unomil will be available to assist in this process also.
. . 4. By having designated convoy days the relier agencies should
be able to aubmit their waybills and other details on the same day as inspection and travel. For good public relations we all should avoid spending long waiting periods at the base.
5.In .terms of fuel the UN wiU submit its minimum requiraaen~ to ECOMOG which I trust you will find acceptable. UN agencies will coordinate their needs to ensure that a single 1ud.fillitd requeet. vill cover all requireaelit.s, including UHOMtL's. NGOs implementing programmes which are funded and supported by UN will be encouraged to submit their require■ents which will be ooordinated by the UN system. ·
Please consider the above suggestions as a genuine atte•pt to resolve the long outstanding issues in the delivery of hwaanitarian assistance. Together we can achieve our objectives and dispel miRgi vi "'J& that ,.m4ermino and our joint6 y(l:orts in thlt ~ce process.
Yours sincerely
spec! he Secretary_. Gene IL
90 d \l l O (c l 5 5 809 N/S) ~ 1~3817 Nn cl 5 58 0 9
l{f)UU.L
·. ·i.JNttED NATIONS DEVELOPlmNT PROGRAMME ~ :: ~...: (i)roCE OF THE lmSIDENT IW-BESENTATIVE .. 'i~ ' '- i \ V WARSAW, POLAND .
Fax ref.no.
File:
\: 06 Fax no.(4822) 254 958 Tel.Do.(4822) 255 010 Tis no.826838 ump pl
Date.?2 /j)td j ,3
TO:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
Dr. Agnes Pasguier-Castro Physician UN Medical Service
Pawel Grzesik Programme Advisor UNDP, Warsaw
Medical classification.
Reference is made to your letter of 22 Septe.mber 1993 sent to Mr. Gary Gabriel, Resident Representative as well as to my fax of ii October 1.993. I would be grateful ~or your response to ~y fax of ll October 1993 in which I asked you for providing me. with the justicit:ation concerning my present medical status.
Happy Christmas.
cc. Mr. Gary Gabriel Resident Representative UNDP, Warsaw
··································~····························•tt••························ ..................... . Account: UN D P For cabla office
FR%~--r4~ . B (;1:) ·~~{.~ h nu.. tnn,mnfniou pc:qlltalWI ··--- p1ges l
I
Authorized by;
r p 1 / ~---·
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
TO: ANNAN, UNATIONS, NEW YORK
FROM: S61~W. IA
DATE:
NUMBER; --------------------
SUBJECT: DEPLOYMENT OF ECOMOG TROOPS
REFERENCE YOUR FAX: 2421 PLEASE FINO HEREWITH THE REQUESTED ASSURANCES.
1. The us contribution to the trust fund tor the UNOMIL oper~tion will be used solely for the additional ECOMOC troops known as the Expanded ECOMOG from the three participating countries ie. Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. The funds will be used to cover transportation needs, equipment and general sustenance for the six month duration of their deployment in Liberia. The Us contribution will not be used to meet any of the needs of the existing ECOMOG troops.
2. To the extent practicable US vendors will be employed in procuring goods and services using these funds. A team from the us Government is expected in Liberia shortly to coordinate with UNOMIL these technical Gspects.
3. All arrangements for the deploY111ent and maintenance of the troops will be in place on the ground on their arrival. Meetings are preaently taking place between UNOMIL, ECOMOG and the participating countries in Tanzania to ensure all requirements are met.
4.The us Government through the UN offices will ensure accurate and regular reporting of the donated funds.
<
u L. ·.J :::.:::i
CNL- 37 ?1/4
OUTGOING CODED CABLE • .. : . -: .... - ,-
•• J r..,.., 1.,,
TO: GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, MONROV
FROM: JONAH, UNATIONS, NEWYORK
DATE: 8 DECEMBER 1993
2364 SUBJECT: LETTER FROM PRESIDENT SAWYER TO THE SECRETARY
GENERAL
:::, ' · -·7 ( . j
I am sending you herewith copy of the letter President
sawyer sent to the Secretary-General on 2 December 1993.
Please submit draft reply for consideration.
Regards.
THE EXECUTIVE MANSION 0P'PICE OP THE PRESIDENT
MONROVU, . LIBERIA
Dr. Boutros Boutrds-Gha1r- · Secretary-General~of the United Nations New York, New York
Mr. Secretary-General:
CNL- 37 P2/4
December 2, 1993
This comes to convey my personal greetings to you as we approach the end of the current year and usher in the dawn of another. I wish you the very best in your manifold efforts to ensure that serenity and peace prevail in our One World.
Permit me to also register my concern about the slow pace of
f the international efforts to help the people of Liberia as we seek to end our conflict during this last lap of the tortuous road to peace.
It is our considered view that we, Liberians, have thus far demonstrated the will to resolve our conflict through the UN-OAUECOWAS brokered political settlement as contained in the July 1993 Contonou Accord signed by the armed factions and the Interim Government of National Unity.
It is pleasing to note that the cease fire as provided for by the Accord aforementioned, went into effect on schedule and it has since August of this year, been largely respected by all the Parties to the agreement. Significantly, also, the Parties have all been cooperating with each other in the implementation of the political component of the Accord. In fact, given the complex nature of a war between brothers, a resolution of the Liberian conflict is now manifesting the potential for a success story.
It is worth mentioning that , in an effort to help the Liberian people advance the prospect for peace, the international community did assume certain obligations . We are, however, constrained to note, with much regret, that while the armed combatants in Liberia have stood in readiness to be encamped and disarmed, in consonance with the Cotonou Accord, only _ -~':It _ 150, that is fifty percent, of the Observers of -~he_JJ!Q~I-~ _!,l_~~e thus far arrived in the country to take up their assignment.
THE EXECUTIVE MANSION OfftCE OP THI!! PJIE5JDPT
MONROVU . LJBEJIJA
Mr. Secretary-General
CNL- 37 P3/4
Moreover, while some of the additional forces, particularly Zimbabwean troops, are now ready to be deployed in Liberia for the strengthening and expansion of ECOMOG so as to _begin the process of disarmament, logistical problems are said to be impeding the air-lifting of these forcei:-·- ··-
Mr . Secretary-General, we would be less than candid were we not to express our fear and concern that, at this delicate stage, undue exposure of the "i.Tbe°£ian peace process to time and chance could seriouslLundermine __ _ the _ _gains that have so far been made. The-hopes-·for peace in Liberia have never been greater, neither are the chances likely to be better, than now.
We therefore fervently appeal _ to y~~---~~ __ urg~t!x__ ___ e!_eyate consideration _ of tbe · ·_tiber'fan··s1J~~t~on _tp a _ p~iO.!.! .~Y level sufficient enough to claim your personal attention and best endeavor over the next thirty days.
We are convinced that such devotion will immensely contribute to putti_ng the Liberia peace process on the course that is firm and unswerving as to have this crisis rapidly recede into history.
In furtherance thereof, we have dispatched and requested Honorable Gabriel Baccus Matthews, the Minister of Foreign Affair• of the Republic of Liberia, ·to engage in consul tat ions with you aa well as competent authorities of -the-·united States GoverD1111Dt. He-and Liberia ' s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador William Bull, will also be at your disposal for any advice or observation you may wish to advise or queries for which you may solicit answers .
THE EXECUTIVE MANSION 0P1'1CE OP THE PJIESIDENT
MoNRovu. L11!1ERJA
Mr. Secretary-General
CNL- 37 P4/4
While thanking you for your continuing interest in the Liberian situation, we wish to reassure you of the strong and unflinching commitment of the Liberian people to amicably and speedily resolve their conflict.
Please accept, Your Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration and esteem.
Kindest regards,
SL~ /4~~- Sawyer
PRESIDENT
I
.. !J \\) 0 t'\ \_ L- ( ( • 9 '[_.,= 036 Pl / 15
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
ANNAN, tJNATIONS,
7 December 1993
2355 SUBJECT: Secretary-General's Report on Liberia
_;
C:
In regard to our 6 December fax forwarding to you the revised text of the Secretary-General's report on Liberia, we are herewith
sending to you the latest draft which incorporates the comments provided by you this morning by telephone .
Regards
CNL 036 P2/15
7/ 12 / 93 (2:00pm ) ---------------------------- --- ------ ------- ---------------------- -SECURITY COUNCIL Distr .
General
s I . .. .. December 1993
ORIGINAL : ENGLISH
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS OBSERVER MISSION IN LIBERIA
I. INTRODUCTION
1 . The present report is submitted in response to Security
Council resolution 866, adopted on 22 September 1993, by which the
Security Council authorized the establishment of the United Nations
Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) , for a period of seven months ,
in accordance with the time- table foreseen in the Peace Agreement
signed by the three Liberian part ies in Cotonou on 25 July 199 3 .
In establishing UNOMIL, the Security Council stipulated that t he
mission would continue beyond 16 December 1993 only upon a review
by the Council based on a repor t from the Secretary-General on
whether or not substantive progress had been made towards t he
implementation of the Peace Agreement and other measures aimed a:
establishing a lasting peace . In paragraph 13 of resolution 86~
(1993) the Security Council f ur t~e r requested me, i n particular , : :
report by 16 December 19 93 0 :1 t he progress made in t':"
implementation of UNOMIL's rnanda:e .
2 . The Peace Agreement ass i gns :o the Ceasefire Monitoring Grc.:
(ECOMOG) , established in Liber ia ~:1 :990 by the Economic Commun : ·
of West African States (ECOWASl . :~e primary responsibility :
ensuring the implementation of :. : s pr ovisions and calls upon : · •·
United Nations to monitor the var:. :: ·.1s implementation procedures
order to verify their impart i a l a~~::cation.
CNL 036 P3/ 15
2
3. In concluding the Cotonou Agreement, the three Liberian
parties, namely, the Interim Government of National Unity (IGNU) ,
t he National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL/NPRAG) and the United
Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO), agreed to
observ e the cease-fire, with effect from 1 August 1993. They also
agreed t o i mplement the political and military provisions of the
Agreement, i ncluding disarmament and demobilization, the
repatriation of refugees and the holding of free and fair elections
within seven months from the signature of the Agreement, that is,
by February/March 1993. The parties further agreed to unify the
country under a Liberian National Transitional Government (LNTG ) ,
which would be established concomitant with the commencement of
disarmament. In addition, the parties agreed that, as a
precondition to the start of the disarmament and demobilization ,
the ECOMOG force would be expanded by troops from OAU member states
other than those which had already contributed to ECOMOG.
4 . In accordance with resolution 866 (1993), UNOMIL, would be
comprised of 303 military observers, 20 military medical personne l
and 45 military engineering personnel, as well as humanitarian and
electoral components . Its military tasks are to: investigate a l l
reports on alleged incidents of violations of the cease-fire
agreement; monitor compliance wit h other elements of the Peace
Agreement, including . at points o n Liberia ' s borders, and, in
particular assist in the monitoring of compliance with the embargo
on delivery of arms and mili t ary equipment to Liberia, and t o
monitor the cantonment, d i sa~7.a ~ent and demobilization c :
combatants. In addition, UNOMI~ : s requ i red to observe and verif y
the election process; assist ir. :~e coordination of humanitar i a n
assistance; develop a plan and 3ssess financial requirements f o r
demobilization; report on any -a :8 r violations of internationa ~
humanitarian law; train ECOMOG ~~~ :~~ ers in mine clearance and , i ~
cooperation with ECOMOG, c cc , i:~ate the identification a r.j
clearance of land mines and unext= : :: j ed bombs, and, coordinate wit:-.
ECOMOG in the discharge of i:s s~:3,3:e responsibilities.
CNL 036 P4/15
3
II . POLITICAL ASPECTS
5. The Peace Agreement signed by the Liberian parties at Cotonou
on 25 July 19 93 stipulated that there should be a single Liberian
National Transitional Government (LNTG), the mandate of which is to
provide essential Government services during the transitional
period and to also hold and supervise general and presidential
elections. The LNTG would have three branches: legislative ,
executive and judicial. Executive authority would be invested in
a five-member Council of State . The composition of these organs of
state would include all of the parties to emphasize the
inclusionary character of the transitional period. The
transitional government was to be installed in Monrovia
approximately 3 O days from the date of signature of that agreement,
concomitant with the commencement of disarmament. Upon the
installation of the transitional government, both IGNU and NPRAG ,
the governing arm of the NPFL, would cease to exist.
6. On 17 August 1993, following consultations between the
parties, the five members of the Council of State were selected a~d
its Chairperson and two Vice-Chairpersons chosen. The swearing- ~"
of the Council has yet to take place as it awaits the beginning c: a disarmament.
7 . The Chairman of ECOWAS, Pres ident Soglo of Benin, arranged f~~
further consultations among the parti es, at a meeting in Cot o'-=~
from 3-5 November. This meeting agreed to the distribution betwe e
the parties of 13 out of a tota l of 17 cabinet posts. Furt l":e:
talks among the parties on the remaining 4 ministerial portfol i~s
i . e. defence, foreign affairs·, f 1 nance and justice, as wel 1 _j"'
other i ssues related to the :.r.s:allation of the transit icr.a
government, are continuing . ~~e parties have also reac~
agreement on the composition of t~e El ections Commission, on:
Speaker of the Legislature and t~e ~e~ters of the Supreme Cour:
CNL 036 P5/15
8. The emergence of a new group in the southeast, the Liberia
Peace Council, and the reported formation of another group in Upper
Lofa, the Liberia Defense Force, have complicated the political
scene. These groups, which are not signat,o'ries to the Cotonou
Agreement, have engaged in skirmishes in these areas of the
country.
9. In adopting resolution 866 (19 93 ), the Security Council,
welcomed the Secretary-General's intention to conclude with the
Chairman of ECOWAS, prior to the full deployment of UNOMIL, an
agreement defining the roles and responsibilities of UNOMIL and
ECOWAS in the implementation of the Peace Agreement, in accordance
with the concept of operations outlined in Chapter IV of the
Secretary-General's Report (S/26422) of 9 September 1993. On the
basis of the informal consultations between ECOWAS and my Special
Representative, Mr. Trevor Gordon-Somers, I addressed to H.E. Mr.
Nicephore Dieudonne Soglo, President of Benin and Chairman of
ECOWAS, on 7 October a letter outlining the roles
and responsibilities to be entrusted to UNOMIL and ECOMOG, in
accordance with the concept of operations outlined in Chapter IV of
my previous report to the Council (S/26422). In a communication
dated 11 November, the Chairman of ECOWAS confirmed his agreement
with the content of my letter. Accordingly, on 23 November, I
informed the President of the Security Council that this exchange
of letters constituted the agreement between the United Nations and
ECOWAS.
10. My Special Representative consul ts regularly with the parties ,
travelling throughout Liberia as required, as well as with ECOWAS,
the OAU and interested Member States on the implementation of the
Peace Agreement, particularly in regard to commencement of
disarmament and the deployment of the expanded ECOMOG troops. The
single most important factor hold:r.g up the implementation of the
peace agreement has been the delay in the deployment of t:-.e
expanded ECOMOG. It is my hope ::-:at the discussions my Specia~
Representative has been conduc: ~:-.g -,,.,ith the parties, ECOWAS a:-.:
CNL 036 P6/1 5
-5-
interested Member States will result in the initiation of the
disarmament in the near fut ure. This i s discussed further in the
relevant sections below .
III. MILITARY ASPECTS
A. General
11. On 10 August 1993, with the adoption of resolution 856 (1993),
the Security Council authorized the deployment of an advance party
of 30 United Nations Military Observers to Liberia in order to
assist in the monitoring and verification of the cease-fire prior
to the full establishment of UNOMI L. The advance party began
arriving in Liberia immediately thereafter and all 30 military
observers in the advance party arrived in the country by mid
September.
12. The Liberian parties had concurred, under the Peace Agreement ,
that in order to monitor and ensure against any violation of the
cease-fire between the period of it s coming into force on l August
1993 and the arrival of the addit ional ECOMOG troops and the full
contingent of United Nations Military Observers, a Joint Cease-fire Monitoring Committee (JCMC) would be established in order to
monitor, investigate and report a ll cease-fire violations. The
JCMC is composed of representat ive s of the Liberian parties and
ECOMOG and chaired by the Unite d ~at:ons. Upon full deployment of ECOMOG and UNOMIL, the JCMC w::: t:e replaced by a Violations
Committee. In accordance wit h::--~ i=eace Agreement, on 13 August ,
the United Nations chaired the :::s: -eeting of the JCMC. To date,
the JCMC has successfully ir.ves:. ~a:ed and resolved 59 . of 99
alleged cease-fire violations a:-.:: - 3 s be en an important confidence -
building instrument among the Fa=· . ~s . Of the remaining 40 cease
fire violations, investigations - 1 . 0 t een carried out on 25 and a~
additional 15 are still pending :~ : 0 s: 1gation.
CNL 036 P7/15
-6-
13. In accordance with the Peace Agreement, JCMC teams are
expected to travel freely throughout Liberia in order to monitor
and investigate reports of cease-fire violations. They are also t o
be deployed at border crossing and ports of entry. At present,
permanent JCMC teams have been deployed at Vahun in Upper Lofa, on
the border with Sierra Leone; at Loguato, on the border with Cote
d'Ivoire, and in Kakata and Buchanan. The teams also patrol the
frontline from Kakata through Harbel along the highway to Buchanan.
I n addition, a JCMC team also accompanied the train carrying
humanitarian assistance from Buchanan to Yekepa, in territory unde r
NPFL/NPRAG control . Agreement has also been reached on the
deployment of two teams at the Spriggs-Payne Airport and the
Freeport in Monrovia. These teams regularly patrol their areas of
responsibility and undertake investigations of alleged cease-fire
violations.
14. Initially, the JCMC faced logistical and administrati v e
difficulties, as well as the effects of distrust among the parties .
While all the parties encountered difficulties in meeting the: ~
obligations to attend JCMC meetings and to facilitates its work :'"
their areas of control, NPFL/NPRAG was most constrained in meet ir.g
its JCMC obligations, due to shortages of fuel and other vital ly
needed supplies not readily available in areas under their control
Furthermore, the JCMC has not been able to establish permaner.:
bases at Tow Town in Grand Gedeh County, Greenville in Sinc e
County, Harper in Maryland County, or to enter the southeast :
investigate the activities of the Li beria Peace Council (LPC ); c _~
to objections from NPFL/NPRAG e n security grounds. Similar :-..
ULIMO has not permitted the es tab:: s hment of a JCMC base at Zorz _:
in Upper Lofa County. It is my u;.derstanding, however, that on :-
basis of recent discussions with ~Y Special Representative and -
Chief Military Observer, al l ~a r: 1es are now willing to a ~: •
deployment of United Nations Mil~: ary Observers in their areas
control. It is expected that L:JCM:::L will soon be able to ~3
freedom of movement throughout t ~~ ~~unt ry.
CNL 036 P8 /15
-7-
15. The Chief Military Observer, Maj or-General Daniel Ishmael
Opande from Kenya, arrived in the country on 10 October. There are
at present 166 UNOMIL military personnel from 13 contributing
countries in Liberia. Additional military observers are being
deployed. Logistic difficulties have been encountered in deploying
military observers and in ensuring that transportation and
communications equipment are purchased and sent to Liberia in a
timely matter. Despite these difficulties, it is expected that by
the end of December, full deployment of the total authorized
strength of 368 military personnel (including 20 medical and 45
engineering personnel) will have been completed.
16. In addition to regular patrolling and cease-fire monitoring
through the JCMC, United Nations Military Observers have been
conducting reconnaissance missions in cooperation with the parties
and ECOMOG in many areas of Liberia in preparation for their
deployment to these areas and in preparation for disarmament and
demobilization. The military observers have also been engaged in
the establishment of regional headquarters and the transportatior.
and communication units, in accordance with the UNOMIL concept of
operations described in my report of 9 September (S/24622).
B. Disarmament and Demobilization
17. Under resolution 866 (1993 ) , the Security Council mandated UNOMIL to prepare a plan and :o assess the financial needs o:
disarmament and demobilization. : am pleased to report that t~e
planning and preparation for d:sa "-ament and demobilization are
well under way. Ten cantonme:--.: :e:it res have been identified .
although physical inspection for s;:'= preparation has been possib le
only in a limited number of ::-.-':'s ~ :ocations. Three of thes e
cantonment centres are being rea:. ~ ~ :o receive combatants as s oc:--.
as disarmament begins. Works hc~s ~J~e been mounted throughout t~~
country to urge community leade:s · : "e1ntegrate ex-combatants . ~
public information campaign has , : .=-: teen launched focusing - -
CNL 036 P9/15
-8-
cartoons and radio programmes outlining t he need for disarmament in
order to consolidate the peace process.
18 . On the basis of the disarmament and demobilization plan, I
have i n c luded i n the UNOMIL budget an amount of approximate ly
$5 mill i on to cover only the immediate short-term needs required t o
enable approximately 54,000 adult combatants and 6,000 chi ld
soldiers to give up their arms and return to their homes. The
other aspects of demobilization, including training and other re
integration programmes to help the ex-combatants build sustainable
new lives , will be financed through voluntary contributions from
Member States.
19. Planning for disarmament and demobilization has been impeded
by the failure of the parties to provide vitally needed information
on the number and location of their combatants, weapons, and mines .
This information is needed for the preparation of schedules for
implementation. Although, in accordance with the Peace Agreement ,
the commencement of disarmament is linked to the expansion o ::
ECOMOG, in my last report on Liberia to the Security Counc i:
(S/26422), I called upon the parties to exercise grea te~
flexibility in accelerating disarmament. In this connection,
should be recalled that ULIMO has consistently offered to disarm t =
ECOMOG as constituted. NPFL/ NPRAG has, in more rece r.:
pronouncements, expressed a willingness to commence voluntar ·,
disarmament to United Nations Mil itary Observers accompanied C/
calls for the immediate ins t a ll ation of the transit ior.a ~
government. I am concerned, howe ver , over reports which indi ca:
that the Armed Forces of Liber i a , the military arm of IGNU ,
attempting to link disarmament to pensionable arrangements . "'
Special Representative is cont inuing his dialogue with the AFL a
IGNU to ensure that the AFL d i sar~s i n accordance with the Pe a
Agreement.
C. The Expand ~d ~::MOG Force
CNL 036 Pl0/15
-9-
20. Throughout negotiations in Geneva and in Cotonou in July 1993,
the expansion of ECOMOG was viewed as a crucial prerequisite for
lasting peace in Liberia. As I indicated to the Security Council
in my report of 9 September, the Chairman of ECOWAS has informed me
that ECOMOG would require financial assistance for the deployment
of the additional ECOMOG troops. With the adoption of resolution
866 (1993), the Security Council welcomed the steps I had taken to
establish a Trust Fund, under which Member States could make
voluntary contributions to facilitate the reinforcements by African
States to ECOMOG, assist in supporting troops of participating
ECOMOG countries and also assist in mine-clearance, humanitarian
and development activities, as well as the electoral process. I am
pleased to report that, on 30 September 1993, the United States
pledged $19.83 million to the Trust Fund, exclusively to meet the
cost of deployment, equipment and maintenance needs of the expanded
ECOMOG troops.
21. During the month of October, my Special Representative led a
joint UNOMIL/ECOMOG reconnaissance mission to potential
contributing countries to the expanded ECOMOG. As a result of
discussions held during this mission, the United Republic of
Tanzania, the Republic of Uganda and the Republic of Zimbabwe
agreed to contribute a battalion each to the expanded ECOMOG .
These three additional battalions are deemed sufficient to enable
ECOMOG to carry out its responsibilities under the Cotonou
Agreement. During the month of November, these three countries
sent reconnaissance missions to Liberia to examine the needs of
their troops on the ground. On the basis of these reconnaissance
missions and further discussions with ECOMOG, and in accordance
with the Terms of Reference of the Uni ted Nations Trust Fund f or
Liberia, a budget estimate cover :~g the deployment, maintenance ar. d
equipment requirements of the : hree battalions for a six mont :-.
period has been developed. On th~3 basis, it is my hope that th~
additional ECOMOG troops will s ec ~ be deployed to Liberia, th~s
enabling the
immediately.
disarmament
-10-
and demobilization
V. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
CNL 036 Pll/15
to commence
22. In accordance with the Peace Agreement, all three parties have
committed themselves to ensuring that humanitarian assistance
reaches all Liberians through the most direct routes, in compliance
with inspection arrangements consistent with economic sanctions and
the military embargo. Similarly, Security Council resolution 866
mandated UNOMIL, inter alia, to assist in coordinating humanitarian
activities in conjunction with the existing United Nations
humanitarian relief operation . Recent efforts to improve
coordination mechanisms between the United Nations and the NGO
community are already yielding positive results. Humanitarian
relief is distributed according to the criteria of need. In view
of massive population displacements within Liberia and across its
borders, which resulted from the conflict, the quantities of food
distributed to areas under the control of the various factions have
always been a source of contention .
23. At times, security problems and logistical constraints disrupt
and delay the delivery of assistance . Despite this, food and other
essential assistance are reaching the most vulnerable groups either
across what was the · frontline , or cross-border through Cote d'Ivoire and, in the case of U~per Lofa, where road conditions
proved insurmountable, by a1:-:::- :: p . However, there remains
shortfall• in the quantities c: ~ssential assistance delivered .
These shortfalls are being address~j and the acute malnutrition of August is being reversed in al ~cs~ ~: : areas. Insecurity in some
isolated areas such as Voinjama . - · ·;:;:er Lofa and the southeast has
left some communities in dire -:: . : · .-s:ances.
24. The Cotonou Accord calls : :-. ·. :-.e parties to adopt a pol i c;
which will create conditions : ac ilitate repatriation c:
CNL 036 Pl2/15
-11-
refugees. In committing to this, the parties in turn invited the
United Nations, particularly UNHCR and UNDP, and NGOs, to support
programmes of voluntary repatriation. In planning for
repatriation, UNHCR convened a regional meeting in October 1993, to
assess requirements and needs for establishing transit and
reception centres in order to ensure speedy and orderly
repatriation. UNHCR estimates that approximately 60 per cent of
the 700,000 refugees will return to Liberia once there are clear
signals that peace has been restored. UNHCR has launched an appeal
in search of the resources to facilitate repatriation.
25. I am pleased to note the generous contribution of $1 million
to the Liberia Trust Fund by the Government of the United Kingdom,
specifically to help meet the humanitarian assistance needs in
Liberia.
VI. ELECTIONS
26. The Cotonou Agreement provides for the holding of general anj
presidential elections in approximately seven months from the
signature of the Accord, that is, in February/March 1994. The
United Nations and the International Foundation for Election Syste~
(IFES) undertook a joint mission to Liberia in October 1993 ::
assess the requirements for ho lding elections and to evaluate :. :-.':'
probability of maintaining the time-table set out in the Accorj
The mission concluded that this ::me-table was optimistic and t~a·
elections could possibly be he:j by May, on the assumption
disarmament and demobilizati cn , :~stallation of the LNTG
unification of the country is ac~:eved expeditiously. The miss:
pointed out, however, that the t~a~s:tional government will requ ~ · ·
financial assistance in order t8 ~8id the elections.
VII. He~_.;.\/ rUGHTS
CNL 036 Pl3/15
-12-
27. Abuses of basic human rights have characterized the civil war
in Liberia. In May of this year, some 500 civilians were killed in
Harbel. On 17 September 1993, I informed the Security Council of
t he findings of the Panel of Inquiry which I had appointed to
i nvestigate t he Harbel massacre. With my letter of 17 November to
the President of the Security Counc i l , I informed the Security
Council of the actions I had taken in response to the
recommendations of the Panel.
2 8 . Several other examples of human rights abuses have been
recorded throughout the Liberian civil war . With the adoption of
resolution 866 (1993), in particular paragraph 3 (f), the Security
Council mandated UNOMIL to report to me on any major violations of
international humanitarian law. Most recently, UNOMIL has
received reports of alleged killings in Upper Lofa resulting from
ethnic animosities. These matters have prompted my Special
Representative to consult the United Nations Centre for Human
Rights with a view to including a Human Rights Officer on his team
in Monrovia.
VIII. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
29 . As I noted in my last report on Liberia to the Security
Council (S/24622), UNOMIL is the first peace-keeping operation
undertaken by the United Nations in cooperation with a
peace-keeping mission already set up by another organization, in
this case a sub-regional organizar: o n . The implementation of t he
Cotonou Agreement is dependent ~c : ~nly on the ability of UNOMI L
and ECOMOG to meet their obliga t : :: :-.s as outlined in the Agreement ,
but also on the deployment c: 3 i ::L. t ional ECOMOG peace-keeping
troops from three new troop c :::-. ::-: cu ting countries, as well as
financial support for the add:: : : ~al troops from yet anothe r
source.
CNL 036 Pl4/15
- 13-
30. In addition to these complex implementation arrangements, the
Agreement calls for what is considered to be an ambitious time
table for its implementation. In accordance with the Agreement,
disarmament would have begun within 30 days of its signature,
concomitant with the establishment of the transitional government ,
that is, by the end of August 1993. From the beginning of the
peace process in Liberia, all parties have been aware that the
time-table was highly ambitious, especially given the complexities
in establishing the joint UNOMIL/ECOMOG peace-keeping mission,
including the deployment of additional ECOMOG troops . There is
every indication that disarmament will begin shortly and that the
transitional government will sooh be established. On this basis,
in my next report to the Security Council, I expect to be able to
provide more precise information on the time-table for elections,
which the transitional government should be able to hold during the
first half of 1994.
31. In spite of delays in the implementation of the Agreemen t ,
there have been no major violations of the cease-fire and the
Liberian parties have shown a willingness to move the peace process
forward by nominating members of the Council of State and tr.e
Elections Commission by agreeing on the distribution of the
majority of cabinet posts of the transitional government. I a~
pleased with recent reports from my Special Representat i ·✓ e
indicating that the parties are now showing more flexibility
their cooperation with UNOMIL and ECOMOG and I urge them
continue this positive approach. As I stated in my last report
the Security Council (S/24622 ), the most fundamental prerequis 1:~
for the establishment and maintenance of lasting peace a~~
stability in Liberia is that the l eaders and people of Libe ::- : i
should adhere to and implement faithfully the Cotonou Pea ~•
Agreement.
32. One of the hopes inspired by :he signing of the Cotonou Pea
Agreement was that speedy de m:::..:a:-:.zation and unificatior.
CNL 036 Pl5/15.
- 14 -
Liberia under a single national authority would greatly enhance the
delivery of humanitarian assistance and set the stage for national
reconstruction. Recent reports indicate the possibility of the
Liberian parties soon establishing the transitional government,
which would facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance and
further rehabilitation and reconstruction activities. I invite the
international community to respond generously to the interagency
appeal for humanitarian assistance to Liberia, which will be issued
this month, so as to ensure an adequate flow of resources for the
important relief and rehabilitation work which is being undertaken
in Liberia.
33. There are strong expectations that disarmament may soon begin,
and that it will thus become possible for the Liberian parties to
establish the transitional government. On this basis, I recommend
that the Security Council, in reviewing the progress made in
implementing the Cotonou Agreement, agree that UNOMIL should
continue to implement the mandate entrusted to it under resolution
866 (1993). However, it is unlikely that the original time-table
for elections will be met, and if this transpires, I shall present
recommendations on this aspect to the Council.
Pl/1
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
MOST I MMEDIATE
TO :
FROM: ANNAN , UNATIONS,
DATE : 7 December 199 3
NUMBER : 2354
SUBJECT: Disarmamen t
Re your fax o f 6 December on volun tary disarmament, we would
like t o info rm you tha t, although your proposal does not fall
within t h e mandate entrusted to UNOMIL by the Security Council,
we are actively examining this issue and hope to be able to
provide you with a re s ponse shortly. Regards.
ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE ... ~ANSMISSION
TO: A:
FROM: DE:
Room No.-No de bureau Extension-Poste Date I/ FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER
FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION -----------+---+-
FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE
FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS -----
MAY WE DISCUSS? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER?
YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION
AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU
AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE
NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER
FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION
COM.6 12-781
'· 6/12/93 (9:00am)
SECURITY COUNCIL Distr. General
S/ ..... December 1993
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE UNITED NATIONS OBSERVER MISSION IN LIBERIA
I . INTRODUCTION
1 . The present report is submitted in response to Security
Council resolution 866 , adopted on 22 September 1993, by which the
Security Council authorized the establishment of the United Nations
Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL), for a period of seven months
and in accordance with the Peace Agreement signed by the three
Liberian parties in Cotonou on 25 July 1993 . In establishing
UNOMIL, the Security Council stipulated that the mission would
continue beyond 16 December 1993 only upon a review by the Council
based on a report from the Secretary-General on whether or not
substantive progress had been made towards the implementation of
the Peace Agreement and other measures aimed at establishing a
lasting peace . In paragraph 13 of resolution 866 ( 1993) the
Security Council further requested me, in particular, to report by
16 December 1993 on the progress made in the implementation of
UNOMIL's mandate.
2. The Peace Agreement assigns the Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS) Military Observer Group (ECOMOG), which was
established in Liberia in 1990, the primary responsibility for
ensuring the implementation of its provisions and for the United
Nations to monitor the various implementation procedures in order
to verify their impartial application .
2
3. In concluding the Cotonou Agreement, the three Liberian
parties, namely, the Interim Government of National Unity (IGNU),
the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL/NPRAG) and the United
Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO), agreed to
observe the cease-fire, effective as of 1 August 1993, and to
implement its military and political provisions, including
disarmament and demobilization, the repatriation of refugees and
the holding of free and fair elections within seven months from the
signature of the Agreement, that is, by February/March 1993. The
parties also agreed to unify the country under a Liberian National
Transitional Government (LNTG), which would be established
concomitant with the commencement of the disarmament process.
Furthermore, the parties agreed that, as a precondition to the
start of the disarmament and demobilization process, the ECOMOG
force would be expanded by troops from OAU member states other than
those which had already contributed to ECOMOG.
4. In accordance with resolution 866 (1993), UNOMIL, which wou l d
be comprised of 303 military observers, military medical and
engineering components, as well as humanitarian and electora l
components, is mandated to: investigate all reports on alleged
incidents of violations of the cease-fire agreement; monitor
compliance with other elements of the Peace Agreement, including at
points on Liberia's borders, and, in particular assist in the
monitoring of compliance with the embargo on delivery of arms and
military equipment to Liberia; monitor the cantonment, disarmament
and demobilization of combatants; observe and verify the elect ion
process; assist in the coordination of humanitarian assistance ;
develop a plan and assess financial requirements f or
demobilization; report on any major violations of internationa l
humanitarian law; train ECOMOG engineers in mine clearance and, 1n
cooperation with ECOMOG, coordinate the identification a nd
clearance of land mines and unexploded bombs, and, coordinate with
ECOMOG in the discharge of its separate responsibilities.
/
3
s. In adopting resolution 866 ( 1993) , the Security Council,
welcomed the Secretary-General's intention to conclude with the
Chairman of ECOWAS, prior to the full deployment of UNOMIL, an
agreement defining the roles and responsibilities of UNOMIL and
ECOWAS in the implementation of the Peace Agreement, in accordance
with the concept of operations outlined in Chapter IV of the
Secretary-General's Report (S/26422) of 9 September 1993.
6. The Security Council also welcomed the steps taken by the
Secretary-General to establish a Trust Fund, under which Member
States could make voluntary contributions to facilitate the
reinforcements by African States to ECOMOG, assist in supporting
troops of participating ECOMOG countries and also assist in mine
clearance, humanitarian and development activities, as well as the
electoral process.
II. POLITICAL ASPECTS
7. The Peace Agreement signed by the Liberian parties at Cotonou
on 25 July 1993 stipulated that there should be a single Liberian
National Transitional Government (LNTG), the mandate of which is to
provide essential Government services during the transitional
period and to also hold and supervise general and presidential
elections. The LNTG would have three branches: legislative,
executive and judicial. Executive authority would be invested in
a five-member Council of State. The composition of these organs of
state would include all of the parties to emphasize the
inclusionary character of the transitional period . The
transitional government was to be installed in Monrovia
approximately 30 days from the date of signature of that agreement,
concomitant with the commencement of the disarmament process. Upon
the installation of the transitional government, both IGNU and
NPRAG, the governing arm of the NPFL, would cease to exist .
8. On 17 August 1993, following consultations between the
parties, the five members of the Council of State were selected and
its Chairperson and two Vice-Chairpersons chosen . T h e
swearing-in of the Council has yet to take place as it awaits the
beginning of a disarmament process.
9. The Chairman of ECOWAS, President Soglo of Benin, arranged for
further consultations among the parties, at a meeting in Cotonou
from 3-5 November. This meeting agreed to the distribution between
the parties of 13 out of a total of 17 cabinet posts. Further
talks among the parties on the remaining 4 ministerial portfolios ,
i . e . defence, foreign affairs, finance and justice ministries, as
well as other issues related to the installation of the
transitional government, are continuing. The parties have also
reached agreement on the composition of the Elections Commission,
on the Speaker of the Legislature and the members of the Supreme
Court .
10. The emergence of a new group in the southeast, the Liberia
Peace Council , and the reported formation of another group in Upper
Lofa, the Liberia Defense Force, have complicated the political
scene. These groups, which are not signatories to the Cotonou
Agreement, have engaged in skirmishes and banditry in these areas
of the country.
11. In paragraph 4 of resolution 866 (1993), the Security Council
welcomed my intention to conclude with the Chairman of ECOWAS an
agreement on the respective roles and responsibilities of UNOMIL
and ECOMOG in the implementation of the Peace Agreement. Following
the adoption of the resolution and on the basis of the informal
consultations with ECOWAS that my Special Representative had
undertook, I addressed to H. E. Mr . Nicephore Dieudonne Soglo,
President of Benin and Chairman of ECOWAS, a letter outlining the
roles and responsibilities to be entrusted to UNOMIL and ECOMOG, in
accordance with the concept of operations outlined in Chapter IV of
my previous report to the Council (S/26422) . I am pleased to
-5-
inform the Council that in a communication dated 11 November, the
Chairman of ECOWAS confirmed his agreement with the content of my
letter. This exchange of letters constitutes the agreement between
the United Nations and ECOWAS in the implementation of the Cotonou
Accord.
12. My Special Representative consults regularly with the parties,
travelling throughout Liberia as required, as well as with ECOWAS,
the OAU and interested Member States on the implementation of the
Peace Agreement, particularly in regard to commencement of the
disarmament process and the deployment of the expanded ECOMOG
troops. The single most important factor holding up the
implementation of the peace agreement has been the delay in the
deployment of the expanded ECOMOG. It is my hope that the
discussions my Special Representative has been conducting with the
parties, ECOWAS and interested Member States will result in the
start of the disarmament process forthwith.
further in the relevant sections below.
III. MILITARY ASPECTS
A. General
This is discussed
13 . On 10 August 1993, with the adoption of resolution 856 (1993),
the Security Council authorized the deployment of an Advance Party
of 30 United Nations Military Observers to Liberia in order to
assist the monitoring and verification of the cease-fire prior to
the full establishment of UNOMIL. The Advance Party began arriving
in Liberia immediately thereafter and were fully deployed by mid
September.
14. In accordance with the Peace Agreement, on 13 August, the
United Nations chaired the first meeting of the Joint Cease-fire
Monitoring Committee (JCMC) . The Liberian parties had concurred,
under the Peac7 Agreement, that in order to monitor and ensure
against any violation of the cease-fire between the period of its
-6-
effective date of 1 August 1993 and the arrival of ECOMOG and the
full contingent of United Nations Military Observers, a Joint
Cease-fire Monitoring Committee would be established in order to
monitor, investigate and report all cease-fire violations. The
JCMC would be comprised of representatives of the Liberian parties
and ECOMOG and would be chaired by the United Nations. Upon full
deployment of ECOMOG and UNOMIL, the JCMC would be replaced by a
Violations Committee. The JCMC has successfully investigated and
resolved 59 of 99 alleged cease-fire violations and has been an
important confidence-building instrument among the parties. Of the
remaining 40 cease-fire violations, investigations have been
carried out on 25 and an additional 15 are still pending
investigation .
15 . In accordance with the Peace Agreement, JCMC teams are
expected to travel freely throughout the country in order to
monitor and investigate reports of cease-fire violations. They are
also to be deployed at border crossing and ports of entry.
Permanent JCMC teams have been deployed at Vahun in Upper Lofa, on
the border with Sierra Leone; at Loguato, on the border with Cote
d'Ivoire, and in Kakata and Buchanan. Teams patrolled the
frontline from Kakata through Harbel along the highway to Buchanan.
A JCMC team has also accompanied the train carrying humanitarian
assistance from Buchanan to Yekepa, in territory under NPFL/NPRAG
control. Agreement was also reached on the deployment of two teams
at the Spriggs-Payne Airport and the Freeport in Monrovia .
16. Initially, the JCMC faced logistical and administrative
difficulties, as well as the effects of distrust among the parties .
While all the parties encountered difficulties in meeting their
obligations to attend JCMC meetings and to facilitates its work in
their areas of control, NPFL/NPRAG was most constrained in meeting
its JCMC obligations, due to shortages of fuel and other vitally
needed supplies, not readily available in areas under their
control. Furthermore, the JCMC has not been able to establish
-7-
permanent bases at Tow Town in Grand Gedeh County, Greenville in
Since County, Harper in Maryland County, or to enter the southeast
to investigate the activities of the Liberia Peace Council (LPC) ,
due to the . objections of the NPFL/NPRAG on security grounds.
Similarly , ULIMO has not permitted the establishment of a JCMC base
at Zorzor in Upper Lofa County .
establishment of UNOMIL 10
from xx contributing
on 22 Septembe~
countries have been
17 . (since the
military observers
deployed to Liberia. The Chief Military Observer, Major-General
Daniel Ishmael Opande from Kenya arrived in the country on 10
October. Additional Military Observers are being deployed on a
continuous basis and by 12 December, i t is expected that ~ Jf.Ptt military personnel, including medical and engineering personnel ,
would have been deployed in the country out of a total authorized
strength of 386 military personnel .
18 . Through the JCMC, United Nations Military Observers have
conducted reconnaissance monitoring missions in cooperat i on wi t h
the parties and ECOMOG in many areas of Liberia. The military
component has been involved in the physical establishment of the
mission, including the establishment of regional headquarters and
transportation and communication units, in accordance with the
UNOMIL concept of operations described in my report of 9 September
(S/24622). However , their movement continues to be constrained by
restrictions imposed by the Liberian parties in cont rol of
particular areas.
B. Disarmament and Demobilization
19. Under resolution 866 (1993), the Security Council manda ted
UNOMIL to prepare a plan for disarmament and demobilization as wel l
as to assess the financial needs of this process. I am pleased t o
report that the planning and preparation for disarmament
demobilization are well under way . Ten cantonment centres have
-8-
been identified. However, physical inspection for site preparation
has been possible only in a limited number of these locations .
Even so, three cantonment centres have been selected and will be
ready to receive combatants as soon as the process begins.
Workshops have been mounted throughout the country to urge
community leaders to reintegrate ex-combatants. A public
information campaign has been launched focusing on cartoons and ;
radio messages outlining the positive aspects of peace.
20. On the basis of the disarmament and demobilization plan, I
have included in my budget for UNOMIL an amount of approximately $5
million to cover the immediate requirements of disarmament and
demobilization . This amount covers those immediate needs required
to enable approximately 54,000 adult combatants and 6,000 child
soldiers to give up their arms and return to their homes . However ,
the full demobilization process foresees assistance for the
reintegration of ex-combatants into society, including training and
other programmes to help these ex-combatants build sustainable new
lives. This programme is necessary to sustain peace in Liberia and
is dependent on the voluntary contributions of Member States. It
is discussed further in the section below on Humanitarian
Assistance.
21. Planning for disarmament and demobilization has been impeded
by the failure of the various parties to provide vitally needed
information on the number and location of their combatants,
weapons, and mines. This information is needed for the preparation
of schedules for implementation. Although, in accordance with the
Peace Agreement, the commencement of disarmament is linked to the
expansion of ECOMOG, in my last report on Liberia to the Securi t y
Council (S / 26422), I called upon the parties to exercise greater
flexibility in achieving disarmament . ULIMO has consistent ly
offered to disarm to ECOMOG as constituted . I am pleased to repor t
that NPFL/NPRAG has, in more recent pronouncements, expressed a
willingness to commence voluntary disarmament accompanied by call s
-9-
for the immediate installation of the LNTG . I am concerned,
however, over reports that the Armed Forces of Liberia, the
military arm of IGNU, now appears to link its intention to disarm
to relevant constitutional provisions and pensionable arrangements.
C . The Expanded ECOMOG Force
22. Throughout negotiations in Geneva and in Cotonou in July 1993,
the expansion of ECOMOG was viewed as a crucial prerequisite for
lasting peace in Liberia. As I informed the Security Council with
my report of 9 September, the Chairman of ECOWAS wrote to me and
requested financial assistance for the deployment of the additional
ECOMOG troops. With the adqption of resolution 866 (1993), the
Security Council welcomed by intention to establish a Trust Fund
for Liberia as a means for Member States to contribute to the
Liberian peace process, including the deployment of the expanded
ECOMOG troops. I am pleased to report that on 30 September 1993
the United States pledge $19.83 million to the Trust Fund,
particularly for the deployment maintenance and equipment needs of
the expanded ECOMOG troops.
23. During the month of October, my Special Representative lead a
joint UNOMIL/ECOMOG reconnaissance mission to potential
contributing countries to the expanded ECOMOG . As a result of
discussions held during this mission, the countries of Tanzania,
Uganda and Zimbabwe agreed to contribute a battalion each to the
expanded ECOMOG . Three battalions are deemed sufficient for the
expanded ECOMOG force. During the month of November, these three
countries sent reconnaissance missions to Liberia to examine the
needs of their troops on the ground. On the basis of these
reconnaissance missions and further discussions with ECOMOG, and in
accordance with the Terms of Reference of the United Nations Trust
Fund for Liberia, I forwarded to the government of the United
States on 2 December a budget estimate covering the deployment ,
maintenance and equipment requirements of the three battalions for
-10-
a six mo~th period. On this basis, I hope that the United States
will soon be able to deposit its pledge of $19.83 million in the
United Nations account so that the expanded ECOMOG can be deployed
to Liberia forthwith, thus enabling the disarmament and
demobilization process to immediately commence.
V. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
24. In accordance with the Peace Agreement, all three parties have
committed themselves to ensuring that humanitarian assistance
reaches all Liberians through the most direct routes, in compliance
with inspection arrangements consistent with economic sanctions and
the military embargo. Similarly, Security Council resolution 866
mandated UNOMIL, inter alia, to assist in coordinating humanitarian
activities in conjunction with the work of the international relief
community in Liberia. Recent efforts ' to improve coordination
mechanisms between the United Nations and the NGO community are
already yielding positive results. Humanitarian relief is
distributed according to the criteria of need. Taking into
consideration massive population displacement throughout the
country, the number of refugees outside Liberia and the insecurity
which resulted from the conflict, the quantities of food
distributed to the various factions have always been a source of
contention.
25. At times, security problems and logistical constraints have
disrupted and delayed the delivery of assistance. Despite this,
food and other essential assistance are reaching the most
vulnerable groups either across what was the frontline, or cross
border through Cote d'Ivoire and in the case of Upper Lofa , where
road conditions proved insurmountable, by airdrop. The acute
malnutrition of August has been reversed in almost all areas .
Security in some i solated areas such as Voinjama in Upper Lofa and
the southeast have l eft some communities in dire circumstances .
-11-
26. The Cotonou Accord calls on the parties to adopt a policy
which will create conditions to facilitate repatriation of
refugees. In committing to this, the parties in turn invited the
United Nations, particularly UNHCR, and UNDP, and NGOs, to support
programmes of voluntary repatriation. In planning for
repatriation, UNHCR convened a regional meeting in October 1993, to
assess requirements and needs for establishing transit and
reception centres in order to ensure speedy and orderly
repatriation . UNHCR estimates that approximately 60 per cent of
the 700,000 refugees will return to Liberia once there are clear
signals that peace has been restored . UNHCR has launched an appeal
in search of the resources to facilitate repatriation.
27 . Appeal for Liberia . ..
VI . ELECTIONS
28. The Cotonou Accord provides for the holding of general and
presidential elections in approximately seven months from the
signature of the Accord, that is, in February 1994. The United
Nations and the International Foundation for Election System (IFES)
undertook a joint mission to Liberia in October 1993 assess the
needs for holding elections and evaluate the probability of
maintaining the time-table set out in the Accord. The mission
concluded that the time-table is optimistic and that elections
could possibly be held by May, on the assumption that disarmament
and demobilization, installation of the LNTG and unification of the
country is achieved expeditiously. Necessary resources would also
have to be made available .
VII. HUMAN RIGHTS
29. Abuses of basic human rights have characterized the civil war
in Liberia. On 17 September 1993, I informed the Security Council
of the findings of the Panel of Inquiry which I had appointed to
-12-
investigate the Harbel massacre. In May of this year, some 500
civilians were kil~ed in Harbel. With my letter of 17 November to
the President of the Security Council, I informed the Security
Council of the actions I had taken in response to the
recommendations of the Panel .
30. Several other examples of human rights abuses have been
recorded throughout the Liberian civil war. With the adoption of
resolution 866 (1993), in particular paragraph 3 (f), the Security
Council mandated UNOMIL to report to me on any major violations of
international humanitarian law. Most recently, UNOMIL has
reported to me of alleged killings in Upper Lofa resulting from
ethnic animosities. These matters have prompted my Special
Representative to consult the United Nations Centre for Human
Rights with a view to including a Human Rights Officer on his team
in Monrovia .
VIII. CIVILIAN PERSONNEL
31 . Based on the concept of operations outlined in my report of 9
September to the Security Council (S/26422), it was estimated that
UNOMIL would consist of 129 international and 123 local staff .
Based upon further discussions with my Special Representative, the
staffing requirements have been amended to 89 international, 139
local staff and 58 United Nations Volunteers. This reflects the
needs for political, public information, humanitarian, elections
and administrative staff. I am pleased to report that a ll
political, public information and humanitarian staff posts have
been filled and that the elections posts are being filled on a continuous basis.
IX. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
32 . Since the signing of the Peace Agreement in Cotonou on 25
July, the Liberian people have taken major steps in implementing
-13-
its provisions indicating their political will to achieve a
comprehensive and -lasting settlement of the three year civil war.
Even so, the political situation in the country, with incidents of
banditry, human rights abuses and frustration over the delay in
disarmament and the establishment of the transitional government,
is fragile. Now more than ever the Liberian people require the
full support of the international community in helping them to
achieve their objective of a lasting peace.
33. Since the signing of the Peace Agreement, there have been no
major violations of the cease-fire. Furthermore, the JCMC has
achieved significant progress in facilitating dialogue between the
parties. The three parties have had substantive discussions
between themselves both formally, in Cotonou in August and
November, and informally, and have made major political agreements
concerning the establishment of the transitional government.
34. Delay in the implementation of the peace agreement is due, to
the most part, to the slow deployment of the expanded ECOMOG troops
which are required to begin disarmament and, hence, the
establishment of the transitional government.
the expanded ECOMOG is dependent on the
The deployment of
good will of the
international community to financially support it. I thank the
United States for its generous contributing to the United Nations
Trust Fund, specifically for the deployment of the expanded ECOMOG
troops. Voluntary contributions can also be made to the Trust Fund
for demobilizations, humanitarian assistance and the electoral
process. In this regards, I would like to thank the generous
contribution of the government of $1 million of the United Kingdom
for humanitarian assistance. I call on other Member States to
likewise support the Trust Fund as a means of helping Liberia
achieve a lasting peace .
35. The delay in the deployment of the expanded ECOMOG is in part
due to the protracted negotiations with contributing countries t o
-14-
the expanded ECOMOG and with Member States which have generously
pledged their financial support for the deployment of these troops .
While the delays in the implementation of the peace agreement have
not, therefore, been entirely due to the Liberians themselves, the
Liberian parties have not, in all instances, been fully cooperative
with UNOMIL and ECOMOG in the implementation of the Peace
Agreement. This has impeded the ability of the United Nations to
fulfill its mandate in the implementation of the Peace Agreement.
As I stated in my September 9 report to the Security Council, the
most fundamental prerequisite for the establishment and maintenance
of lasting peace and stability in Liberia is that the leaders and
people of Liberia should adhere to and implement faithfully the
Cotonou Peace Agreement. I strongly urge the Liberian parties to
cooperate fully with UNOMIL and ECOMOG in the implementation of
this Agreement and I would like to stress that the international
communi ty will not and can not continue to finance the Liberian
peace process without assurances that the Liberian people are
committed to the process themselves .
36 . In regard to disarmament and demobilization, I reiterate my
appeal to the parties, as I stated in my last report, that they
take a flexible approach to the commencement of the disarmament
process. In this regard, I am heartened by the recent statements
of ULIMO and the NPFL on disarmament and I am confident that with
the imminent deployment of the expanded ECOMOG, this process will
being forthwith. In regard to the statements of the AFL that they
will tie disarmament to assurances of their pensions, I empathize
with the concern of the AFL over the future of its personnel, and
while the United Nations is willing to lend its support to the
creation of a new national army a nd economic development programmes
for ex-combatants as a means of assisting them to achieve
sustainable livelihoods, I would like to remind the Liberian
parties that in signing the Peace Agreement, they agreed to
unconditional disarmament and demobilization of all combatants. In
order for the international community to continue to support the
-15-
peace process in Liberia in good faith, the Liberians parties
themselves must f-ully respect the Peace Agreements which they
freely entered into and on the basis of which the International
Community has lent them its support .
37. It is my hope that with the planning for the deployment of the
expanded ECOMOG having reached a point where it can realistically
be expected that the additional ECOMOG troops will be deployed
within a matter of days, the peace process in Liberia will very
soon reach a significant, positive, turning point.
38. It is my belief that significant progress being made in the
implementation of the Cotonou Accord and that the Liberian parties
will continue to cooperate with UNOMIL and ECOMOG in the
implementation of the Peace Agreement, especially as the
disarmament process is about to commence. I therefore recommend
that the Security Council endorse the continuance of UNOMIL in
accordance with the Security Council resolution 866 (1993) .
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
' TO: GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, MONROV]A I - ·
YT!' \.... ..
FROM: ANNAN, UNATIONS, NEW ,
' / , . . I .. /: i I
V
DATE: 3 December 1993 ,/ ' .,, ~
232~ . ,
I , ,, V / --,
NUMBER: -· / / i --
/ --
SUBJECT: Local Develo:gments .:/ - '
Regarding our telephone conversation with y our office this
morning, we would be grateful for an urgent report on the sudden
political dev e l opments in Monrovia which you brought to our
attention.
Thanks
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
SUBJECT:
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
IMMEDIATE
GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, MONROVIA/)
ANNAN, UNATIONS, NEW YORKt) I 3 December 1993
2328
Liberia Trust Fund
CNL-32 Pl/4
'--
u 0 ,.j u, ~ .
1. Thank you for your fax number 287 of 1 December forwarding to
us the budget estimate for the utilization of the US contribution
to the Trust Fund for Liberia. On the basis of your fax we sent a
budget estimate to the US through the attached Note Verbale .
2. We have received informal feedback from the US on this budget
estimate and we understand that it would be helpful to US decisions
makers to have additional information, particularly on the
equipment needs of the contributing countries. We understand that
the US Government would like to be assured that the equipment
estimates have been discussed with the contributing countries, that
these estimates do indeed reflect their requirements and that, on
this basis, they would be prepared to immediately deploy their
troops .
3. As you are aware, under UNations rules and regulations, any
equipment purchased under a UNations Trust Fund -- even for the
specific use, as is the case in this instance, of a particular~
military contingent -- is the property of the UNations. We suggest
that you may wish to clarify this point with the United States
Embassy in Monrovia.
4. We would appreciate receiving the above information as soon as
possible so that we can forward it to the us authorities .
Thanks
l'NITEL .'-iATIONS
CNL- 32 P2/4
:\ATIC. .. S C~IES
• O IT'.._'-, AOOtllllllS-• :l •llllll • -:, 1-,1, ._ 1[ .., -. -1: ::, ..,.._. = "-S .. "' ' 00 "
c ......... A00lllllSl-4 0 AIII& T l ~ &C.llllA,.M •QU I. .,J ,. .. - ,o"-1 NCWTOaK
The Secretary-General of the United Nations presents
his compliments to the Permanent Representative of the
United States to the United Nations and has the honour to
refer to Security council resolution 866 (1993) by which the
Security Council authorized the establishment of the United
Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL). The
Secretary-General would like to draw attention in particular
to paragraph 6 of the resolution by which the Council
welcomed the establishment of a United Nations Trust Fund
for the Implementation of the Cotonou Agreement in Liberia
and the subsequent pledge of $19.83 million made to the
Trust Fund by the United States for the deployment of
additional troops of the Military Observer Group of the
Economic Community of West African States (ECOMOG).
The Secretary-General has the honour to forward
herewith a budget estimate reflecting the proposed
utilization of the United States contribution to the Trust
Fund, in accordance with the Terms of Reference of the Trust Fund. This budget estimate has been developed by the
Secretary-General's Special Representative to Liberia in
consultation with ECOMOG and the United States Embassy in
Monrovia. It is also based on information provided by the
reconnaissance missions to Monrovia mounted by Tanzania,
Uganda and Zimbabwe which have agreed to contribute troops
to the expanded ECOMOG force. The budget estimate reflects
the needs of one battalion from each of the three countries
over a six month period.
I
CNL- 32 P3/4
The Secretary-General hopes that on this basis the
United States will be able to deposit its pledge to the Trust Fund in the United Nations account so that
arrangements can be made forthwith for the immediate
deployment and support of the expanded ECOMOG troops. He
avails himself of this opportunity to express to the
Permanent Representative his appreciation for the generous
pledge made by the United States to the United Nations Trust Fund.
2 December 1993
Annex enclosed
CNL-32 ? 4/4
BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR TlIE DEPLOYMENT AND SUPPORT OF THE ADDITIONAL THREE BATTALIONS OF ECOMOG
The following budget estimates reflect the deployment, maintenance and equipment needs, for a six month period, of the three battalions from Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe which will be deployed to Liberia in order to supplement the ECOMOG peacekeeping force .
Budget Item
Uplifting of Troops and Repatri ation
Purchase of Vehicles
Spare Parts
Fuel
Communications Equipment
Food
Drugs/Medicine
Tents
Contingency (10%)
TOTAL
Amount (in USDlrsl
$ 5 , 000,000
9 , 600,000
1,000 , 000
220,000
5,060,000
1 , 350,000
100,000
300,000
2,263,000 =========
24,893,000
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
u "5 ° \"') ' L,- I c:.o9-t..-0UTG0ING CODE CABLE
GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, MONROVIA
ANNAN, UNATIONS, NEW YORK ,kt 3 O November 19 9 3 ~ l \,.___,,.._o'--__
\ '---' 2294
SUBJECT: Weekly SITREP
CNL 029 Pl/1
L-.J
1. In reference to our fax number 1968 of 15 October regarding
the submission of weekly SITREPs to DPKO, we would like to remind
you that the weekly SITREP should be received by this office,
without fail, every Tuesday by 12 noon (NY Time) at the latest.
This is required in order to enable us to comply with the directive
of the Executive Office of the Secretary-General to submit an
overall DPKO SITREP to the Secretary-General by Wednesday of each
week.
2. We would appreciate your usual cooperation in ensuring that
the UNOMIL SITREP is submitted in a timely manner.
Thanks and regards
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
SUBJECT:
CNL 030 Pl/2
u (\) 0 M, \ (__ ( (_ > ~ ~
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, MONROVIA
ANNAN, UNATIONS, NEW YORK~· . 2 30 November 1993 -~
2 2 9 5 ~~ ::::,
UNATIONS Trust Fund for Liberia •
, . .
v
l. We have consulted with the US State Dept. on its
requirements for the budget which you are preparing on the use of
the US contribution to the Trust Fund for Liberia for the
deployment of the expanded ECOMOG. We have been advised
informally that you should submit a budget for approximately $27m
to cover the cost of three battalions for six months. The budget
should present notional figures for three items: roundtrip
transportation; subsistence (including food and operating
expenses), and equipment . It is assumed that the first two items
would be fixed costs. The cost of the third item would be
dependent on the needs of the particular countries. General
figures are required for each item. Details should be provided
if available.
2. As with all formal communicat ions to governments , the draft
budget should be submitted to UNATI ONS Headquarters for review
and onward transmittal to the US authorities. We understand
that, should the US find the budget acceptable, their pledge to
the trust fund will be deposited in the UNATIONS account.
I ...
CNL 030 P2 / 2
- 2 -
3. As you are aware, an outs~anding issue is the way in which
the funds will be administered. In any case, in accordance with
the terms of reference of the Trust Fund, the Programme Manager
and the UNOMIL/CAO will be responsible for the administration of
the funds with DPA responsible for coordination between the
various Headquarters departments involved. However, a decision
is yet to be taken on whether goods and services would be
procured through FOD, or directly by the concerned countries.
This decision will be taken in the light of the advice you may
wish to provide, and after further discussions with FOD and DPA
on the matter.
4. Once the steps described in paras 1 through 3 above are
completed, the question of procurement of specific goods and
services can be addr7ssed. Best regards .
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, MONROVIA
ANNAN, UNATIONS, NEW YORK
29 November 1993
2276 SUBJECT: UNMO Contributing Countries
CHL C27 ~1/ 1
The government of India has agreed in principle to contribute
military observers to UNOMIL. In accordance with the usual
practice, we would appreciate your consulting with the parties in
this r egard prior t o submission of t his additional UNOMIL
concri~u t ing c ountry fo r consideration b y che Security Council.
~~a nks and regards
(Q)
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
OPANDE, UNOMIL, MONROVI~/7
ANNAN. UNATIONS. mR✓ *r L 22 November 1993 J-J 1
t I •J
NUMBER: 2 2 3 8 -'-----'-----
SUBJECT: UNMO Deployment
We would appreciate your sending to us data on the number of
UNMOs who have so far arrived in Liberia by the date upon which
they arrived. This information is required in order for FOD to
update the UNOMIL budget in anticipation of a possible meeting of
the ACABQ on the budget this week. We would appreciate your
sending this information to us by the close of business (NY Time)
tomorrow, 23 November.
Thanks and regards
/
CNL 024 Pl/1
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
SUBJECT:
OUTGOING CODE
GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, M
ANNAN, UNATIONS, NEW YOR
15 NOVEMBER 1993
2192 Report to the Security
J tvtC:1'6
--,
0
1. In accordance with Secco resolution 866 (1993), para. 13,
the Secretary-General must submit a report to the Council by 16
December on the progress achieved in the implementation of
resolution 866 (1993). The report should, of course, review the
deployment of UNOMIL and progress achieved in implementing its
immediate mandate, particularly monitoring of the ceasefire. In
addition, the report should include an analysis of the progress
achieved and those factors influencing the timely implementation
of the Peace Agreement and, hence, the implementation of UNOMIL's
mandate. In this regard, the status of the deployment of the
expanded ECOMOG, and those factors which have delayed deployment,
should be reviewed. An up-date should be provided on the
domestic political situation, covering, in particular, the
present military situation among the parties, the establishment
of the transitional government and progress made in preparation
for the electoral process. A review should also be provided on
the status of UNOMIL's electoral and humanitarian assistance
components.
2. In the observations section of the report, the Council
should be advised, inter alia, of how the present situation may
affect the ability of UNOMIL to fulfill its mandate in a timely
manner.
3. In order to allow sufficient time for the other concerned
Departments to review the draft report and to ensure timely
submission of the report to the Secretary-General's office, we
would appreciate your submitting a(draft to us by Tuesday, 30
November.
4. Thanks and regards.
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
OPANDE, UNOMIL, MONROVI-il
ANNAN, ONATIONS, NEW '41Jxl / ' 10 November 1993 , / I ~'./
. I 21 B'.:" t/ /
SUBJECT: Deployment of ECOMOG
CNL 022 ?1 /1
Further to our 9 November fax, we suggest you contact the
Military Attache of the US Embassy in Monrovia for details on
those activities and materials which would be covered by the US
contribution to the Trust Fund for the deployment of the expanded
ECOMOG.
Best regards
CNL 021 Pl/8
-:jM?\ ~ OUTGOING CODE CABLE
TO: , _ _ _
FROM:
DATE: 9 November 1993
NUMBER:
SUBJECT: Trust Fund for Liberia
~ve are herewich sending to you the Terms of Reference of the
~rust ?und ==r L:..beria. We are also sending to you copies of the
::: :•:c::ance == =..2tcers l:::,e t ',-;een the UNations and the Uniced States on
=~e ~s c =~tr::..buc:..cn c : S: 9.S 3 to che t::ust fund which is
spec:..::..ca.:..:..·_.- earmarked :::::r t ::-ie deplo}'"lTienc of the expanded ECOMOG.
We are seeking more decailed ir.formacion on the exact
acci~ities which t::e CS c=ncribution would cover and will revert
as soon ·,,;e have t:::.. s ::..::f :Jrmac ion.
Regards
ro·
TRUST FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COTONOU AGREEMENT IN LIBERIA
TERMS OF REFERENCE
REASONS FOR ESTABLISHING THE TRUST FUND AND LEGAL BASIS
l . The warring part : es to the conflict in Liberia signed a Peace Agreement a t Cotonou on 25 July 1993. The Agreement (contained in document S/ 26272) establishes the principles and modalities for the achievement of peace in Liberia. Under the terms of the Cotonou Agreement, ECOMOG, the peacekeeping force of ECOWAS, has the primary responsibility for ensuring the i mplementation o: t he p rov isions of the Agreement. The United Nations wi l l monitor t he va rious i~plernentation procedures in o rder to veri fy t heir a pplication.
2 . In his report ~o the Security Council on Liberia of 3 August 19 93, the Secretary - General i nformed the Council of the request from ECOWAS to t he Un ited Nations to establish a trust fund which could be utilized to enable African countries to send reinforcements to ECOMOG and to provide necessary assistance to countries already participating i n ECOMOG (para. 17 of S/26200).
3. In a letter t o th e Secretary-General (S/26376), dated 27 August 1993, the President of the Securi~y Council indicated that the council would support the establishment of voluntary trust fund to finance the i ~plementation of the Cotonou Accord, including deployment o f ECOMOG peace-keeping troops, demobilization of combatants, elections and humanitarian assistance, as called for by the summit o f ECOWAS at its meeting held in Cotonou on 22 to 2 4 July 1993. The Secretary- General was furthermore requested to inform the Council of progress in this regard.
4. In his further report to the Securi~y Council recommending the establishment of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL), the secretary-General referred to the Trust Fund and urged Member states to support the peace process in Liberia by contributing to the Fund (paras. 24 and 38 of S/26422).
5 . By its resolution 866 of 22 September 1993 the Security Council approved the recommendation of the Secretary-General to establish UNOMIL. operative para . 6 of that resolution states:
Welcomes the steps taken by the Secretary-General to establish a Trust Fund, which would facilitate the sending of reinforcements by African st:($:es to ECOMOG, assist in supporting troops of participating ECOMOG conutries and also
CNL 021 P3/8
2
ass st in mine-c l earing, humanitarian and development act vities, as ~ell as the electcral process, and calls on Member Sta:es to s upport the peac: process in Liberia by con~ributi . . g to the Trust Fund;
6 . In c :::-der t= assist in the implemen~ation of the Cotonou Agreement in L.:.t 2 r i a, and pursuant to t ::e reques t o f the Security Council referrea tc i n para . J above, tt~e Secretary-General has decided to estab.;..is:--i a T:::-us t Fund entitled "Trust Fund for the Implementa·:ion or the Cotonou Agreement _n Liberia".
· . The Fund shal l b e established in acco~1ance wi t h Financial R~gulations 6. 6 ar.d 6 . 7 and shall be admi.:-iistered in conformity w th the Fir:ancial Regulations and Rules c.f the United Nations ad the procedures contained in the Secret3ry-General's Bulletin ST/ SGB/ 188 a7d Adm : nist rat ive Instruction :~t/AI /284 of l March 19 8 2.
8 . The Fund shall ~ave no relationship to ei~her t he regular buda et ~r to ~ther c ~rrent t rust funds of the Cnited Nations.
PURPOSE OF THE FUND
9. The purpc se of t~e fund is to receive volun~ary contributions in order to provide support for th,::: imp l ementation of the Cotonou Accord, including deployment of ECC>MOG peacekeeping troops , d ernobi . ization of combatants, elections and humanitarian assistancE.
CON'.~RIBUTIONS TO THE FUND
10. Contribu tions in cash or in-kind will be solicited by the Secretary-Gen _ral througl: formal letters of appeal. _ Cash ~ontributions will be accepted in United States dollars or other f ully convertible currencies and recorded in dollars i n the Fund account to be established for the activity. The Fund will have four sub-accou ts relating to the main purposes of the Fund: 1) deployment of ECOMOG peace-keeping troops; 2) demobili zation of combatants; J) e lections; a nd 4) humanitarian assistance. Contributions can be designated for one or more of these subaccounts. When a contribution is made without designation by the donor of the sub -account(s) to which it is to be deposited, such designation will be made by the Programme Manager.
11. All financia l accounts and statements shall be expressed in United St ates dol l ars. The value of contributions maje in currencies other t han United States dollars shall be ': 1.etermined by applying the United Nations operational rate of exchange in effect on the date of the payment.
,... .... ..., ""'.._..- - .,. , V
J
12. cash cont r ibutions to the Fund, ~hen not used, ~ ill be placed in an i nterest t earing account and any interest income derived thereof shall oe credited to t he Fu~d.
tTILIZATION OF THE Ftnm
13. The Fund shall t2 utilized for the purpose of supporting the activities indicated 1n the letter of the President of the Security Co ·ncil to r~e Secretary-General ~eferrea to in paragraph J above anc in Security Council :esoluti~n 866 r ferred to in para. 6 above. The Programme Manager will be the Sp ~cial Representative of t~e Secretary-General in Liberia, acting through t .. e Under-Secretary-General, Department of Poli ti c al Affairs. With rega~d to the sub-accounts referred to in para. 10 above, the Prograrr.:ne Manager •,1ill consult with the relevant Department s at h ~aaquarters regarding the utilization of contributions tc ~hese sub-accounts. The relevant Depart ments are the Cepartn~~ t of Political Affairs f~ r sub-accounts relating to depl c ~ ent c : ECOMOG peace-keeping trcops and elections and the Dep r :tment =~ Humanitarian Affairs for the s ue-accounts for mine-c l e: aring, .emobilization of combatants and L·~manitarian assista ::ce. 01. certain aspects of these :.ssues :.:-ie Department of Peaceke eping o ·: erations will also be consulted.
14. Prior to .;.ny disbursement of funds, a detailed budget outlin i ng the s pecific purposes for whic~ the f~nds are to be used vL 11 be p re . a red by the Programme Eanager, _n consultation with r "~l evant De p artments at headquarters, and by the Office of the Chief Adninistrative Officer, UNOMIL, in order to ensure that the requirem 2nts requested are in confcrmity with the purposes of the Fund and in accordance with the United Nations Financial Regulations a nd Rules. With regard to the utili zation of funds to support ceployment of ECOMOG peace-keeping troops, ECOWAS, which under ~he terms of the Cotonou Agreement i s to implement the military provisions of the Agreement, will prepare detailed budgets outlining the specific purposes for which the funds will be used. on the basis of agreed budgets, a cost plan for the Fund will be prepared jointly by the Programme Manage r and by the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer and submitted to the Office for Programme Planning, Budget and Finance (OPPBF). Other requests, emanating from entities outside the United Nations, would follow the same procedures.
15. All requests for the disbursement of funds will be submitted through the Pr ogramme Manager to the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer for review to ensure t hat they are in accordance with the approved budget and cost plan for the Fund. When requ:red for the disbursement of funds, receipts for the supply of goods and/or services will.,.J?e provided.
(C'
CNL 021 P5/8
4
16. Programme support costs will be applied to expenditures from the Fund in accordance with the provisions of ST/SGB/188, paragraph 47.
FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE FUND
17. The financial administration of the Fund shall be the responsibility of the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer, UNOMIL which will ~anage the Fund in accordance with the applicable United Nations Regulations and Rules.
18. Allotments will be issued by the Office of Programme Planning, Budget and Finance (OPPBF} to the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Liberia, for the attention of the Chief Administrative Officer.
19. Spending authority for the Fund will be exercised by the Panel o f Certify ing Officers for UNOMIL as already designated by the Controller.
20. ti o commitment ( s) i n respect of the Fund shall be made in advance of the receipt o f a level of contributions sufficient to meet the commitment ( s) and before the issuance of a related allotment.
AUDIT
21. The Fund shall be subject to internal and external auditing procedures as provided for in the United Nations Financial Regulations and Rules.
OTHER MATTERS
22. Upon completion of the activities financed from the Fund, any unutilized balances shall continue to be held in the Fund account until all commitments and liabilities incurred in the implementation of the activities of the Fund have been satisfied.
23. Contributions that remain unexpected after such commitments and liabilities have been satisfied shall be disposed of in accordance with United Nations Financial Regulations and Rules.
24. The Fund shall be terminated upon completion of all activities identified and after the satisfaction of all commitments and liabilities arising therefrom.
UN IT 1 ~ATIO~S >NS UNIES
30 September 1993
Dear ~r .. .;mbassador,
I ackr.o~ledge receipt of your letter dated JO September 1993, informing me that the Government of ~he United States i~tends to contri~ute S19.38 million :.o the L' :1ited nations for the United Nations T~st ?und :=r :.~e I=plementation of the Cotonou Accord en ::..i.ber:.2..
: have t2.ken ~ate of the ter!:ls and conditions ·..::1der ·., hie:-. 1·cur '.:overru:ient intends to make such ::·.mds available a:1d an pleased to infer::,. you that these are acceptable to the United Nations.
On behalf -& the United Nations, I should like to :.hank y ou. 2 nd throuah vou, the Government cf the Cnited States, ==r :.~is.generous contribution.
H.E. Mr. Victor Marrero Ambassador United States Representative
Sincerely yours,
Susan R. Mills Deputy controller
on the United Nations Economic and Social Council New York, N.Y.
CNL 021 P7/8
1J NI TED 5 TATES REP RE ,..5...,E ... NwI.-A .... I ... D .... 1,--....... --
0 N THE UNITED NATIONS EcoNoM1a AN..D:~d;L.Ci5.u.tii1ciL . L.~J-'.,.;! . · ·- •• r .\.:!.. •-=.:·. :
September JO, 1993
Ms. Susan Mills Deputy Controller United Nations Secretariat New York, !lY :.0017
Dear Ms. Mills:
I am pleased t8 inform you that, pursuant to the appeal containec in paragraph f~ur of the United Nations Security council Resolution 866, ~he United States Government pledges the sum of 19.83 nillion c.s. dollars, subject to the availability of funds, to the United ~:ations for the United Nations Trust Fund for the Implementation of the Cotonou Accord on Liberia (hereinafter referred to as "~he T:::-ust Fund").
These funds are to be used to support the transport, equipping, and sustainment of the expanded ECOMOG peacekeeping force called for in the Cotonou Accord. The U.S. contribution may not be used for the procurement of lethal equipment. It is the understanding of the U.S. that, prior to U.N. disbursement of funds, ECOWAS, which is resposible for implementation of the military terms of the Cotonou Accord, will prepare a detailed budget outlining specific purposes for which the funds are to be used in support of the deployment of ECOMOG peacekeeping troops. On the basis of the ECOWAS budget, the UN will approve a cost plan for disbursement of assistance from the Trust Fund. All disbursements should be reviewed to ensure that they are in accordance with the approved budget and cost plan.
The U.S. further understands that the Secretary-General shall administer the Trust Fund in accordance with the financial regulations and rules of the United Nations. The consolidated financial statement on the Trust Fund shall be contained in the financial report and audited financial statements of the United Nations for the biennium 1992-1993 and similar reports for subsequent financial periods. Copies of such reports shall be made available to the United states.
(c
The United States reserves the right to modify this pledge, for good cause. ~ith respect to any funds not already disbursed to the United Nations for the Trust Fund. Prior to such a modification, ~he U.S. would consult with the United Nations and provide seven days wTitten notification of such modification.
If these terms are agreeable, please advise the U.S. Mission to the United ~Jat.:.cns i :1 writing no later than September 30, 1993.
RM2135
SinceFe!b . /;,,,<>~"
~;✓;_yj::~ •1ictor ~arrero
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER: r
SUBJECT:
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
GORDON-SOMERS, UNiM , 1 ~0NROVIA
ANNAN, ONATIONS, ~OJK {
5 November 1993 \ / \ \ Lt // t) ' ) ~ -
2136 / ' ~ . : / \_J
Article from New York Times
~ / \/ CJ;L 019 Pl/3
\ : .r-f,' i/ '
1,_ _;
.:
We are herewith sending for y our i nformation an article on
Liberia from today' s edit i on o f the New York Ti mes .
Regards
cY1 -(\J 11,
THE NEW l'UUI{ T//IIES INTERNATIONAL _FRIDAY, NOVEMBER!
As Liberia's Factions Talk, Strife ?nd Fear·Orag :_:·. BJ KENNETH B. NOBI.E
Sp•dol 10 TM N•,. Yoo k 1 Im••
MONROVIA, Llhrrln - For thr lusl threr months, Llhrrln's polltlcal fncllo11s luwe cngngcd In something rnre for this war-battered country : peacelul negotlatlo11s to resolve the lilttcr dlfln· encea that have led Llhcrlu from dktatorsJ>lp to anarchy.
Compromise has hem1 elusive, how rver, and the three main armed foe• lions rem11ln deadlocked on the Issue of forming a nallonal governmenl. As a re-suit, politicians, rorelgn dlrlomats and relier workers fear thnt Liberia may_ be heading back down the path to full-sc·a1e civil war.
Compllcnllng that prospect are repnrts. .lhnt a fourth major armed ractlon, the Liberian Peace Council, has emerged and la fighting forces or the rebel lender Charles Taylor In eastern constal l.lberla. A relief group said recenlly that It had halted the first full shipment to the region In nearly a year because or reporl9 of clashe!I In Slnoe · nnd'Grand Bnssa countle,.
The group, Catholic Hcllcf Services, snld ' that thousands of people were caught behind terrllury controlled by Mr. Taylor and that an unknown numher fuced death fro111 malnulrltlon.
U.N. Could Pull Out
A censr.-fln• 1h1\I look efll·rt on Aug. had hro11gh1 Liberia a fragile respire from lhree years ol fightlllR and atrocities. hut wllh no pollt lcol sci tic men I In slgh1, lhe Uniled Nallnns Is warning the ractjons that II could pull 0111 or 1he pc11c-~ mission Inter this year.
If the United Nat Ions withdraws as a medlalor, chances ore the West Afrl· ran country wlll be ungovrrnohle for the ·1ore5ecable f111urc .
"I'm 011tlrnlst k In the long nm, 1ml In the .short I un I'm very roncerncd 111>0111 n process In which p1·1 hap~ so me pc-ople are 1101 [tctlng In good faith," said the Unlled Notions spPd!ll cnvoy 10 I .ibcrln, I re vor c;ordon -So111C·1·s .
Fo1111d ctl 111 lh l' 19th c,·11111ry hy fn •,.d sla,·rs from lht · Unlll'd Slall'~, I ib•·rla ha s known Ion!( pe riods ol polilh al and rrnnmnlr stohilltv . ·1 hnl Image hrg1111 fading in 1hr la lc I 970' s. whl'n a Governme111 move 10 incre11se rkl' prices Sl'I olf violcnl prull'StS hy !l n!lsrt•nt p11hl i"al opp11•;11 ion
l.>espile : 1 ce:1sl' -fi1c in Libe,ia's civil war, 111a11y fear that tht peac e may be short-lived, as some supply slii p111 .-11ts tn [111 .d dl<"dS have heen blocked . l11 the
1101 th western village of Vahun, where the population has swollen from 5,000 to 45,000 in two years, residents gathered at a feeding center.
llllrno ; Ille A, 1111 ·d h1rn·s of I ihcrlo and the Nal 11111al I ';1 11 iol ic F10111, l< ·d hy
1\1 r . l nylor . All three p11ll1l r. ol fa ctions are 1·1 hnl
colly hasc ,1. I 111 · llnilcd Libera lion ~-111v,·1111 ·nl ;111.I Iii •· ,\n11f'd For,•·~ of
rctJcl lruoer agreed lo n rww round of nC'iio1iullons.
In talks In Geneva In July, the three main warring factions agreed to the cease-fire, a timetable for demobilizing 11JH I rllsnrml11P. lhrlr lrnnp~ . :-tn[I f)f'r -
f') -(Y) 11.,
I ·••
p1·11q! mlsslo11 luler 1111s year . H the Unlled Nol Ions withdraws ;is a
rncr)lator, chances ore the West African country will be ungnvernahlc for the foreseeable future .•
"I'm optimistic In the long nm, hul in the short run I'm very concerned uhout a process In which perhaps some people are nut acting In good faith," said lhe Uniled Nations special envoy 10 Libl•rla, Trevor Gordon-Somers.
Founded In the J91h century by freed i.laves from the United States, l1Lcrlu has known long periods of poli1irnl und economic stablllty. Thul image begun fading In the late J970's, when a Government move 10 Increase rice prices sci off violent protests by a nascent po Iii ical opposition.
In . 1980, President William Tolhc rl was assassinated In a coup led hy Samuel K. Doe, then an army scr~ea111. ·1 he country's economy de1crlora1t·d as l'r('sjtlent Doc shuUll·d and n·sh111fled his Cabinet aml crucked down brutally on his critics. ·
The civil war began in Ocn·mlicr 19119, when Libyan-backed followers of Mr. Taylor Invaded from the neighbor• Ing Ivory Coast. Mr. Doc was 1opph-d and killed the following year. As the guerrilla forces expanded and split into rlvul factions, the conflict grew into a vast trlbal war, uprooting ubout half or l.lberla'1 2.5 mllllon people. At leust 100,000 people are estimated to hnve be-en killed In four years.
Since the Uniled Nations brokered lhe c¢ase-flre and the opening of polili· cal nego1lullons. lhc fear that had maµe life nearly Intolerable has lll'gun 10 subside, nt least In lhe capital.
Monrovia Is overflowinK with 400,000 to 500,000 people. al least twicl' the number that lived here heroae the war. 1 ens of thousunds of squaller& llve Inside rharred office buildings and houses long since burned , bombed or pillaged.
'Al Lcul We're Alive' Yet people now· slroll eoslly amid
roa1lslde stalls along Waterside. lhe ct1y·s commercial aor111 - a sight 1hat was vnlmaglnable a year ago when Mr. Taylor's rebels were battling unsuc cessfully to caplufe the city. f'ood Is pleAllful, though expensive for most.
"Life 11 not easy here, but at least we're alive," said Moses Mallhews, a 27-year-old carpenter from Buchanan who arrived recently with his wife und four children afler spending nearly lwo years In Taylor terrllury. "I lhank God for small mercies."
The picture Is leu promising foa tens of 1housnnds of people who ,111· :; lilt lu-hln cl n ~h f' I ll n,• ·: .\ 1· ,·n1 1"f ' ' . , \ 1 ,, , ,.
w ... ·-Despite a cease-fire in Liberia'• civil war, many fear that the peace may be short-lived, as some supply ship111cnts to I ural areas have been blocked. In the
northwestern village of Vahun, where the popula-
Th~ Nf'w '1'01 k I 1me,
The w .1r in Lihe1 ia has pushed the pop11l.1tion of Monrovia to about 400 ,0llO 1,eoplt:. at least twice the nu111hc1 that lived here before fi~h1i1q: lirolct- o ut iu 1989.
righls aliu s1·s against unarmed civil ians 111 those n•gions continue lo filler Into 1lw capital. In recent days witnesses h11v1 · re- purled 1h01 flghll·rs of the United I 1hl'rnllo11 Movement In I.Iberia . known ns llllmo, hud hu1 ncd do1e11 s o l villages i11 I ula County .
011 the highway to nearby Tuhmanburg, g1111 -wleldlng leen-agers staff Ullrnn chc, ·kpolnls. Slung wllh rifles, plsluls and knives, lhey almost invariably demand hrlbes lrom travelers along the hlghwny.
"TI1ey are me1111. 111e11n," un elderly woman said us she arrived In town. She sold suldil'rs ulong the way had lllken mos1 ol lwr hl'longings and all ol her money . .. ·11wy say they·ro here to protect us, lllll 1hey j11s1 ~teal, 1hat's 1111."
Thr 111ai11 fnrlions Involved In the !,f'111 :1d w 111 ·,11 ·1· 11111\s 1111' till' 1111111'1I
tion has swollen from 5,000 to 45,000 in two years; residents gathered at a reeding center.
llhrno ; the A11tll'1I Forrl'S uf Liberia am.I 1hc Nalio11,il l'a1r1ulic Frunl, led by
Mr. Taylor. All three polll ic ,il !actions are ethni
nilly hosed. TIH' Uniled Liberation I\IOVl'rn cnl nin l llw Armed Forces of I ihcrla wen, lwth formed from re111-nanls ol the late Prcsidenl's former army, h111 llliino tlrnws .most of ils 1111·111lll'rs ln1111 1111· Man,hngo ethnic i:roup 111111 the A1 nll'd Forcrs uf Liberia
lrnm 1\1 r . Doc's I rlhc, the fhe ·1.1ylo1 lurce is made up
of th,...-GJTo a11d MffiTo--groups. I Afll'r w~ m :s.:;.u.r-e--ffom the
U1111ed Nati1111 s. 1 eprcsent ,11ives of the 1hrec main fanlons arrived Thursday III Co1011011. Benin, 10 resume talks. "This is your last cha1111·. " Pn·:,1d1: n1 N1u·phorc Soglo of Benin will lhe officials as he welrnmed I hem al a conlcrcnce center. I
Diplomals say the only hope of h1 cakl111: the impasse in lh1: polllical 1alks would bl' a cold calculallon by the factions lhal tlwy musl reconcile their dillerenccs or I hk lo smg lhe Uni1ed Nallons as a lll l'Lhalor .
Dl~urmlni; I a,·11011s Is Ollllcull
" Liberia Is nwre divided along lrihul lines lhun II wu s even licfore the war bcga11," said a Western relief worker with nearly a dcc:ade of experience here . "They see m u11erly unable to let go ol their old prejudices, end as lung as that's true ll1ey 'II continue fighting ."
Even Ir llw lucllons break their lmpusse. diplomats und mnny Liberians agree 1ha1 the peace effort Is almost certain to gel bogged down again as lhe lime arrives for the faclluns to make good on promise s to disarm.
Thousands ol West Afrlcun troops, the bulk or them Nigerian, Intervened In Liberia as a buffer force In Ausust 1990 when the conflict threatened to spread across the country's borders. The force 's role gradually shlfled to combat as Wes1 African leaders came 10 view Mr. Taylor as a main obstacle.
In June, when 1hc West African force 11pp1·111·cd 11111h1• ve1 ~,- of cnplllrlnR Mr.
----------·-- ··•--rebel leaaer agreed to a new round of negoliatlons.
In talks in Geneva In July, the three main warring factions agreed to the cease-fire, a timetable fur demoblllzlng and disarming 1helr troops, and per• haps most important, the creation of a new, transitional government or na• I ion al reconc-illntlun.
The Unlled Nutlons Security Council voled in September to send about 300 unarmed monitors to supervise dlsar• mament or the fac1lons in cooperation with the 10.000-member West African force, which has returned to its peace• keeping role. Some of the monitors have already arrived, hut diplomall say the deadlock In political talks has put their mission In doubt.
Each or 1he three factions offers a litany of explanations as 10 why negotl• , atlons have repea1edly faltered .
But lhe real Issue Is power. None or 1he camps are certain that It can win · outright If elections are held as planned early next year.
"These ere really trivia issues dividing lhem right now," a relief worker said. "Bui if lhey can't solve the small issues, how can they expect to deal with lhe big ones'!"
1111 Nt."W YOllK flMt:H U9 w .. 1 4:ld StrNI Nn· fork. N.Y. HXt:16
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All ad,·rnl•ln1 publiahtd In 1"N' Nr"'· \'urk Thno i" ,ulJj«t It• th• •wlkablt r•I• urd. a,ailahlf' frun1 1M •rh•r1'-h•• clf-vanllW'nt. 1'ht 1'1rnr, ,.,.,"',. 1h .. rll{hl nut ht r--,H an ad\•rtlNr'1 ordt-r. Onl~- publiceliun 111 ,n MhlftMll'nwnl wU conalilult nnal ecnvlaDU,
TN ,. .......... , ..... la ,.,1111,d t&<luth·ol,· ,;. l ht UN' , ...
"l"'bllrat~,. ,,r all ...,. .• ollapato·ht• rmtnNI In ll nf n,~ 111h,,•·I...- ntdhrd in 1ht1 ,,.,,., 11111 lool rw•·• 1,f 111,.,11 ,
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~M'-> ~ CNL 01 7 Fl/1
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
TO: GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMI ,.__ _,
--FROM: ANNAN, UNATIONS,
,· ...... _ 'I
DATE: 28 October 1993 ': J
u -_;,:-
NUMBER: 2090 q ·- .
0 SUBJECT: JCMC
1. We have noted with concern from your faxes of the past few
days that the NPFL has not participated in recent meetings of the
JCMC and that it has not allowed the deployment of JCMC teams in
NPFL-controlled areas. We are also concerned about your recent
reports of the activities of the Liberian Peace Council (LPC) in
the southeastern part of Liberia and of the potential for this
situation to upset the peace process .
2 . We would appreciate receiving your views on the situation
concerning the LPC and of what seems to be the related issue of the
NPFL's non-participation in the JCMC. We understand that UNOMIL
has been making efforts to try to ease this situation. Please let
us know if there is anything that you feel we can do at this end
(i.e., through consultations with the missions of member states,
etc.) to support your efforts on the ground in this regard.
Thanks and regards
u tu(') K\.L.( C C ~ CNL 016 Pl / 1
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
L--:
GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, MONROVIA r
ANNAN, ONATIONS, NEIi YORK ,Y}:, ~ i~ 26 October 1993 ~ u 2072 C;
SUBJECT: UNOMIL DEPLOYMENT
--; .-
r , _ _, .
1. Further to our cable of 15 October, we would appreciate your
providing us feedback on the response of the Liberian parties to
the three proposed additional UNOMIL contributing countries,
namely, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Pakistan .
2 . Further to our second cable of 15 October, we would also
appreciate your providing us any information you may have on the
status of the Chairman of ECOWAS' response to the Secretary
General's letter of 7 October . As you are aware, the deployment of
UNOMIL is dependent on the conclusion of this Agreement.
Thanks and best regards
(o
...
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMI
ANNAN, UNATIONS, NE
15 October 1993
1977
SUBJECT: ECOWAS Letter of Agreement
CNL 014 Pl/1
-0
0
Further to our 8 October cable, we would appreciate your
providing us any information you may have on the status of the
Chairman of ECOWAS' response to the Secretary-General's letter of
7 October . As you are aware, the deployment of UNOMIL is dependent
on the conclusion of this Agreement.
Thanks and regards
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
TO: GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL,
FROM: ANNAN, UNATIONS,
DATE: 15 October 1993
NUMBER: ' _} ...... 9_7~fi __ _
SUBJECT: Contributing Countries to UN
CNL 013 Pl/1
........,
C' r
lJ
Further to our 11 October cable informing you of the Security
Council's consent to the initial composition of the military
elements of UNOMIL, we have been informed by the Czech Republic,
Hungary and Pakistan that they are prepared in principle to
contribute military personnel to UNOMIL. In accordance with the
usual procedures, we would appreciate your sharing this information
with the Liberian parties and ascertaining that they have no major
objections.
Thanks and regards.
--\
O MlJ.3 CNL Ol C Pl / 3
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
..
TO: GORDON-SOMERS, UNOJIIL,
FROM: ANNAN, UNATIONS,
DATE: 11 October 1993
NUMBER: 191 Q =--c-=-'------
SUBJECT: Contributing Countries to UHOMIL
We are herewith sending to you copies of two self-explanatory
letters regarding the composition of the military elements of
UNOMIL .
Best regards
u -c;.l u,
CNL 010 ?2/3
'!'HE 5£CR£TARY· G£N£RAI.
4 October 1993
Excellency,
I have the honour to refer to Security Council.· . · resolution 866 (1993) ot 22 September 1993, by which the Council decided to establish a United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL).
Having completed the necessary consultations, I propose that the military elements ot UNOMIL be composed of personnel from the following States: Austria, Bangladesh, China, Ecuador, Egypt, Guinea Bissau, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Slovakia and Uruguay.
I am continuing to consult certain other Stat•• and will revert to the Security Council when I have an indication of whether they are also ready in principle to contribute military personnel to this mission.
I should be grateful if you would bring this matter to the attention of the members of the Security council.
Please accept, E~cellency, the assurances of my highest consideration. -- - ~- . -- .
-~ - --- .-. • _• _J:_•_ - -~~ -~. .. ~ . . -
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
His Excellency Mr. Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg President of the Security Council New York
I
CW.., 010 P3 / 3
UNITED NATIONS ~ ~ATIONS UNIES
•-:••·~ •00•111-• 0 •1111 •01·• .. 1 .... ... , .. . o ..... , ,o ... , .. • ·-·~
.. ,,.,., .. ,. 8 October 1993
Sir,
I have the honour to inform you that your letter datea
4 October 1993 concerning the composition of the military
elements of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia
(UNOMIL) has been brought to the attention of the members of the
Council. They agree with the proposal contained in your letter.
Accept, Sir, the assurances of my higheat consideration •
Hi• Excellency Mr. Boutro• Boutroa-Ghali Secretary-General
. / ,, '. c·,., H..·"'..-1 ., -- /
I ' / ) . ~
Ronaldo Mota s~~denberg Preaident of th• Security Council
. --- ... . · .. -- -~ ··,- . - ·
1
OUTGOING CODE CABLB
TO: GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL,
FROM: ANNAN, UNATIONS,
DATE: 8 OCTOBER 1993
NUMBER: r 1901
.- '"'\ ~ ...... --, ... ,!
- ,-, ,.., " ~ -;( , fl . •v
SUBJECT: Agreement with ECOWAS on the Implementation of the
Cotonou Accords.
1. We are herewith sending to you a copy of the signed letter
from the Secretary-General to the Chairman of ECOWAS defining the
roles and responsibilities of UNOMIL and ECOWAS in the
implementation of the Cotonou Agreement. The English version of
the letter is also attached. We are forwarding the original to
the Chairman of ECOWAS through the Permanent Mission of Benin to
the United Nations.
2. As the deployment of UNOMIL is dependent on the conclusion
of this Agreement, we trust that you will, at your end, encourage
ECOWAS to respond expeditiously to the Secretary-General's
letter. Regards.
CNL- 09 P2/7
L..E SE CR E TAIR E GEN ER A L
Le 7 octobre 1993
Monsieur le President,
J'ai l'honneur d'appeler votre attention sur la resolution 866 (1993) du Conseil de securite en date du 22 septembre, par laquelle le Conseil a decide decreer la Mission d'observation des Nations Unies au Liberia (MONUL). Au paragraphe 4 de ce texte, le Conseil m'a prie de conclure avec la CEDEAO, avant le deploiement de la MONUL, un accord definissant les roles et responsabilites respectifs de la Mission et de la CEDEAO dans l'application de l'Accord de paix de Cotonou.
En tant que missions creees par deux organisations differentes et placees sous l'autorite distincte de l'une et de l'autre, la MONUL et l'ECOMOG auront chacune leur propre indentite. Chaque mission determinera ses modalites de fonctionnement particulieres en cooperation et en consultation etroites avec l'autre. La MONUL relevera du Secretaire general de l'Organisation des Nations Unies et l'ECOMOG du President de la CEDEAO. La MONUL sera dirigee sur le terrain par mon Representant special et comprendra un element militaire et un element civil. Le commandement de la composante militaire sera confie a un observateur militaire en chef qui me rendra compte par l'intermediaire demon Representant special. Je crois savoir que l'ECOMOG est dirigee par un commandant.
La presente lettre a pour but de definir les roles et responsabili~~~ respectifs de la MONUL et de l'ECOMOG dans la mise en oeuvre des aspects militaires de l'Accord de Cotonou. Vous vous rappellerez que dans mon rapport du 9 septembre destine au Conseil (S/26422), j'ai note que conformement a , l'Accord de Cotonou, c'etait a l'ECOMOG qu'il incombait au premier chef d'assurer l'application des dispositions de Cotonou, c'etait A l'ECOMOG qu'il incombait au premier chef d'assurer l'application des dispositions de l'Accord, et que la MONUL surveillerait les diverses procedures d'application afin de verifier leur mise en oeuvre impartiale.
Son Excellence Monsieur Nicephore Dieudonne Soglo President de la Republique du Benin
et Prisident en exercice de la CEDEAO (6 '.
CNL- 09 P3/7
- 2 -
A cet egard, conformement aux modalites de fonctionnement de la MONUL indiquees dans mon rapport, je voudrais formuler les propositions suivantes :
a) La MONUL et l'ECOMOG auront des structures de commandement distinctes;
b) Ni la MONUL ni l'ECOMOG n'auront a recevoir d'ordres l'une de l'autre;
c) Les decisions touchant la MONUL et l'ECOMOG seront prises en consultation, tant officiellement (Commission des violations) qu'officieusement;
d) La coordination des activites quotidiennes entre la MONUL et l'ECOMOG ainsi que la prise des decisions courantes seront assurees sur le terrain et la chaine de commandement de chacune des entites ne sera remontee que si necessaire, ainsi qu'il est indique a l'annexe II demon rapport du 9 septembre (S/26422);
e) L'ECOMOG assurera la securite des observateurs et du personnel civil de la MONUL;
f) Au cas ou l'ECOMOG aurait a engager des operations de combat dans l'exercice des pouvoirs d'imposition de la paix dont il est investi, les observateurs de la MONUL n'y participeront pas et seront temporairement retires de la region de wa~~ ~ue les autres membres du personnel de !'Organisation des Nations Unies;
g) Au cas ou l'ECOMOG serait contraint d'entreprendre des actions militaires imprevues, dans l'exercice de son droit de legitime defense, il assurera la securite des observateurs de la MONUL et des autres membres du personnel de l'Organisation des Nations Unies se trouvant dans la region;
h) Tandis que la MONUL et l'ECOMOG s'appuieront mutuellement dans l'exercice de leurs mandats respectifs, il incombera a chaque mission d'assurer son propre soutien financier et logistique.
NL- 09 P4/7
- 3 -
conformement a la resolution 866 (1993) du Conseil de securite, la MONUL sera chargee - en plus des aspects militaires qui font l'objet de la presente lettre - de coordonner l'aide humanitaire et l'assistance au developpement, d'observer et verifier les elections et de rendre compte de toute violation importante du droit international humanitaire. Mon Representant special tiendra l'ECOMOG au courant, en tant que de besoin, des activites entreprises par la MONUL en application de ces elements de son mandat.
Siles dispositions enoncees ci-dessus rencontrent votre agrement, je propose que la presente lettre et la confirmation ecrite de votre acceptation de ces dispositions constituent un accord entre l'Organisation des Nations Unies et la CEDEAO, ainsi qu'il est demande dans la resolution 866 (1993) du Conseil de securite.
Veuillez agreer, Monsieur le President, les assurances de ma tres haute consideration.
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
CNL- 09 P5/7
7 October 1993
Excellency,
I have the honour to refer to Security Council resolution 866 ( 1993) of 22 September by which the council decided to establish the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) . In paragraph 4 of that resolution, the Council requested me to conclude with ECOWAS, before deployment of UNOMIL, an Agreement defining the roles and responsibilities of UNOMIL and ECOMOG i n the i mplementation of the Cotonou Peace Agreement.
As missions established by and under the authority of two different organizations, UNOMIL and ECOMOG shall possess separate identities. Each mission shall determine its own method of operations in close cooperation and consultation with the other. UNOMIL will be responsible to the Secretary General of the United Nations and ECOMOG to the Chairman of ECOWAS. UNOMIL will be led in the field by my Special Representative and will be composed of military and civilian components. Command of the military component will be entrusted to a Chief Military Observer reporting to me through my Special Representative. I understand that ECOMOG is headed by a Field Commander.
The purpose of the present letter is to define the respective roles and responsibilities of UNOMIL and ECOMOG in carrying out the military aspects of the Cotonou Agreement. You will recall that in my report of 9 September (S/26422) to the Council, I had noted that the Cotonou Agreement assigned ECOMOG the primary responsibility for ensuring the implementation of the provisions of the Agreement and that UNOMIL would monitor the various implementation procedures in order to verify their impartial application.
His Excellency Mr. Nicephore Dieudonne Soglo President of the ~epublic of~nin
and current Chairman of ECOWAS
CNL-09 P6/ 7
- 2 -
In this connection, I would propose, in accordance with the concept of operations for UNOMIL outlined in my report, that:
(a) UNOMIL and ECOMOG shall have separate command structures;
(b) Neither UNOMIL nor ECOMOG shall direct the other in its actions;
(c) Decisions affecting both UNOMIL and ECOMOG shall be made through consultation both formally (Violations Committee) and informally;
(d) Daily coordination between UNOMIL and ECOMOG, as well as decision making, shall be taken at the field level and only passed up to the next level in each party's chain of command if necessary and as illustrated in Annex 1 of my report of 9 September (S/26422);
(e) ECOMOG shall ensure the safety of UNOMIL observers and civilian staff;
(f) Should ECOMOG enter into planned peace enforcement involving combat operations, UNOMIL observers shall not participate in such actions and shall, with other United Nations staff, be temporarily withdrawn from the area;
(g) Should ECOMOG find itself constrained to enter into unplanned, self-defensive military actions, ECOMOG / shall ensure the security of UNOMIL observers and other United Nations staff present in the area;
(h) While both UNOMIL and ECOMOG would support each other in the discharge of their respective mandates, financial and logistic support for each mission would be the separate responsibility of each mission.
Under Security Council resolution 866 {1993), UNOMIL's mandate will include, in addition to military aspects which are the concern of this letter, the coordination of humanitarian and development assistance, observation and ve~ication of elections, and
i
CNL- 09 P7/7
- 3 -
reporting on any major violations of international humanitarian law. My Special Representative will keep ECOMOG informed, as necessary, of the activities undertaken by UNOMIL in pursuance of these aspects of its mandate.
If the above provisions meet with your approval, I would propose that this letter and the written confirmation of your acceptance of its provisions constitute an Agreement between the United Nations and ECOWAS as required by Security Council resolution 866 (1993).
Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
u (\) 0 M, l L- ( (P ~ H - 07 Pl/1
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
GORJ)ON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, MONROVIA
JONAH, UNATIONS, NEW YORK v ,·~ - _____.__ .:
7 October 1993
1892
SUBJECT: REVIEW OF THE REPORT OF EIGHTH JCMC LEVRL I MEETING
1. I have reviewed the report of the eighth JCMC level I meet i ng sent to New York on 4 October. With regard to the comments at the end of the report, it is clear that the situation is quite serious and there is danger of the peace process losing momentum. I understand that a solution has been found to the logistical problem. Certainly the NPFL should be given no excuses for no participating in the JCMC.
2 . But in v i ew of the seeming reluctance of all parties to commit themselves to the undertakings contained in the Cotonou Accord, and in particular the intransigence of the NPFL, a conference of the heads of all parties , to be chaired by yourself, is to be encouraged. You should reiterate to the parties that the UN is doing everything possible to move forward and that progress is being made in terms of sending UNOMIL observers to Liberia and in identifying the additional contingents to form the expanded ECOMOG for which the US has now provided money. The Security Council fully expects the parties to the conflict to abide by the commitments they have made. If there were to be serious violations of the cease-fire, the Security Council, in view of the many competing demands for attention and resources, would carefully review the situation in Liberia. The partjes in Liberia should be aware of this.
3. In view of the political implications of the meetings of the JCMC, in the future I would appreciate receiving a copy of the reports that are sent to New York.
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
()/\JD ~lL / Co">-<-
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL,
ANNAN, UNATIONS,
6 October 1993
1876
SUBJECT: APPOINTMENT OF CMO
CNL 006 P 1/3
! c-
u
1 . We are herewith sending to you two self-explanatory letters
regarding the appointment of Major-General Daniel Ishmael Opande as
CMO for UNOMIL .
2. General Opande is expected to arrive in New York tonight and
will be briefed at Headquarters on 7 and 8 October. We are trying
to arrange for him to arrive in Monrovia on Sunday, 10 October and
will inform you of his flight details as soon as they are
available.
Best regards
I - I '·. ·• \ <i "-,(_..(._ ~ ·-
CNL 006 7 3 ~ t:::. C t::. / ....! C. ,1
UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
CA ■ L.E 4 0::::l lltlESS-A O IIIIESSI: 'T E L C C IIIA,-H t O U I[ U NAT I ONS Nl:WYO,Ul
REFI.IIIE.M C K
4 October 1993
Dear Mr. Secretary-General,
I have the honour to inform you that your letter dated
27 September 1993 concerning the appointment of the Chief
Military Observer (CMO) of the United Nations Observer Mission
in Liberia (UNOMIL} has been brought to the attention of the
members of the Council. They agree with the proposal
contained in your letter.
Accept, Mr. Secretary-General, the assurances of my
highest consideration.
His Excellency Mr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali Secretary-General
~~,l,:t,✓.µ1 Ron~~/Mota ~Jnberg
President of the Security Council
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
.. c c CNL 006 P 3/3
THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
27 September 1993
Dear Mr. President,
I have the honour to refer to Security Council resolution 866 (1993) of 22 September 1993, by which the Council authorized the establishment of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL).
Following the usual consultations, it is my intention to appoint Major-General Daniel Ishmael Opande of Kenya as the Chief Military Observer (CMO) of UNOMIL.
I should be grateful if ·you would bring this matter to the attention of the members of the Security Council.
Please accept, Mr. President, the assurances of ~y highest consideration.
His Excellency Mr. Adolfo Taylhardat President of the Security Council New York
CNL-5 Pl / 1
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
TO: GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL '----' c-, , -
FROM: ANNAN, UNATIONS, NEW I
DATE: 6 OCTOBER 1993 er
NUMBER: 1872 7J -.. -
~ c-: : . -:--· ·~_; } , w l .0
SUBJECT: UJ2dates on Liberia .r::
1. Thank you for your fax 1675 providing us with an update on
the situation in Liberia. Your efforts to move the peace process
forward in this sensitive period before the deployment of the
expanded ECOMOG and the full contingent of UNOMIL are much
appreciated .
2. We would be grateful if you could continue to provide us
with similar updates as necessary, but at least every two weeks,
in addition to special reports on events which you think may be
of particular interest to Headquarters. Best regards.
.r
CNL-01 Pl/3
u (\)or\lL / ~~ OUTGOING CODE CABLE
TO: gmn?.IMSOMERS, UNOMIL, MONROVIA ::.:, '-"-'
FROM: UNATIONS, NEW YORK (/) r ri ~
DATE: EMBER 1993 N ....J
NUMBER: ---> 1J - --- -9? o : -
SUBJECT: Draft Letter ot Agreement with ECOWAS - - ) .r= ....J
(,./)
1. You will recall that in paragraph 4 of its resolution 866
(1993), the Security Council requested the Secretary-General to
conclude with ECOWAS an agreement defining, before deployment of
UNOMIL, the roles and responsibilities of UNOMIL and ECOMOG in
the implementation of the Cotonou Peace Agreement. We have
prepared a draft which we are circulating to DPA and OLA for
their comments and suggestions. We are also sending to you
herewith a copy of the draft for your comments and suggestions.
2. We understand that a delegation from the Government of
Benin, composed of the Foreign Minister and the Diplomatic
Adviser to President Soglo, i s presently in Monrovia and that you
are planning to brief them on the proposed agreement. We also
understand that the delegation will, in turn, brief Presid'ent ·soglo on its contents upon their return to Cotonou,
with a view to speeding up the conclusion of the agreement.
3. For your information, we hope to have the letter finalized
within the coming days, and would therefore appreciate receiving
your comments and suggestions by Wednesday morning, 29 September,
New York time. Regards.
CNL-01 P2/3
DRAFT (27/9/93, 17 : 22)
27 September 1993
Excellency,
I have the honour to refer to Security Council resolution 866 (1993) of 22 September by which the Council decided to establish the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL). In paragraph 4 of that resolution, the Council requested me to conclude with ECOWAS, before deployment of UNOMIL, an Agreement defining the roles and responsibilities of UNOMIL and ECOMOG in the implementation of the Cotonou Peace Agreement.
The purpose of the present letter is to define the respective roles and responsibilities of the two organizations. You will recall that in my report of 9 September (S/26422) to the Council, I had noted that the Cotonou Agreement assigned ECOMOG the primary responsibility for ensuring the implementation of the provisions of the Agreement and that UNOMIL would monitor the various implementation procedures in order to verify their impartial application.
In this connection, I would propose, in accordance with the concept of operations for UNOMIL outlined in my report, that:
(a} UNOMIL and ECOMOG shall have separate command structures;
(b) Decisions affecting both UNOMIL and ECOMOG shall be made through consultation both formally (Violations Committee) and informally;
(c) Daily coordination between UNOMIL and ECOMOG, as well as decision making, shall be taken at the field level and only passed up to the next level in each party's chain of command if necessary and as illustrated in Annex 1 of my report of 9 September (S/26422);
(d) Neither UNOMIL nor ECOMOG shall direct the other in its actions/:'
' CNL-01 P3/3
(e) ECOMOG shall ensure the safety of UNOMIL observers and civilian staff;
(f) Should ECOMOG enter into planned peace enforcement involving combat operations, UNOMIL observers shall not participate in such actions and shall, with other United Nations staff, be temporarily withdrawn from the area;
(g) Should ECOMOG find itself constrained to enter into unplanned, self-defensive military actions, ECOMOG shall ensure the security of UNOMIL observers and other United Nations staff present in the area;
(h) While both UNOMIL and ECOMOG would support each other in their actions, logistic support for each mission would be the responsibility of each mission;
If the above provisions meet with your approval, I would propose that this letter and · the written confirmation of your acceptance of its provisions constitute an Agreement between the United Nations and ECOWAS as required by Security Council resolution 866 (1993).
Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration,
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
His Excellency Mr. Nicephore Dieudonne Soglo President of the Republic of Benin and Current Chairman of ECOWAS
TO:
INFO:
FROM:
DATE:
NUMBER:
;c 1695
u rJ [) M. ( L./ Ge> ,,l-.
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
TREVOR GORDON-SOMERS, UNOMIL, MANROVIA
JAMES JONAH, DPA
ANNAN, UNATIONS, NEW YORK
3 SEPTEMBER 1993
◄ sc· UNOMIL-_l .J J
SUBJECT: UNOMIL: DEPLOYMENT - GENERAL w _J
Pl/1
1 . We have received your facsimile No . 1434 dated 02 Septe mbe r 1993 in which you expressed the lack of adequate manpower and logistics support that UNOMIL is suffering.
2. A number o f UN Missions are p roviding volunteer military observers to UNOMIL. As per the information received from various UN Missions, which was communicated to you, today with the arrival of additional military observers the strength of military observers should rise to 21. Remaining of the military observers will arrive by end of next week.
3. We are aware of the non-availability of vehicles, communication and other support equipment. Due to financial and procedural difficulties, deployment of equipment is delayed. It is appreciated by the FOO that the vehicles for immediate requirement will be transhipped to UNOMIL from other UN missions in a time frame of about two to three weeks. Communication equipment, which is being transhipped from UNPROFOR, is in transit and should arrive Manrovia during next ten days.
4. We highly appreciate efforts made by you and Col Forgacs in direction of establishing UNOMIL and the Peace Process, inspite of teething problems. We would like to assure you that sincere and dedicated efforts are being made by this Headquarters to make-up the deficiencies as soon possible.
Best regards.
~/f£ii1A I Cc>r:; - ::_ ::_9 ?: / l. -OUTGOING CODE CABLE
IMMEDIATE /l
I I ' ' TO: AJELLG, ¥ ONUMOZ, MAPUTO
m)}l·I ,_
FROM: RIZA, UNITED NATIONS,
DATE: 16 AUGUST 1993 I
NUMBER: ... 5....., (• .J l ( V I
/ c/
SUBJECT: BACKGROUND MATERIAL ON CEASE FIRE MONITORING
1. The advance contingent of UNMOs of the UN military observer
mission in Liberia is presently in the process of working with
the factions and ECOMOG in setting up a Joint Ceasefire
Monitoring Committee. It would be very useful for them to refer
to the working procedures of ceasefire monitoring groups of other
UN missions, such as ONUMOZ.
2. We would therefore greatly appreciate your sending a copy of
such working procedures to Col. Forgacs, c/o UNDP, Monrovia at
fax number 231-225-771. Col. Forgacs would require this
information for discussion with the parties by 17 August.
Thank you for your assistance and best regards
OUTGOING CODE CABLE
TO: GORDON-SOMERS, UNSCOL, MONROVIA
COPY TO: GERRY KING , UNSCOL, MONROVIA
FROM : ELIASSON, UNATIONS, NEW YORK
DATE: 13 AUGUST 1993
NUMBER: 1565
MSC-1565 Pl / 1
..... .
::::, CJ
I would like to express our appreciation for the untiring efforts of the United Nations team which have culminated in securing the reopening of cross-line access for humanitarian relief supplies to NPFL territory around Kakata. We hope that similar arrangements for cross-border route from Cote d' lvoire would be put into place as quickly as possible.
As you are aware, the press coverage following the stoppage of humanitarian convoys produced strong negative reactions in the media and among the NGO community . The resumption of assistance to the NPFL areas, through the most direct routes w ill, in addition to its benefits for the affected populations, also no doubt contribute to the successful implementation of the Cotunou peace plan.
Congratulations.
t_ I I .;r.."TGCPi,;;. c;:;QJ ;;a.nu:
:21. ;_~~ .... _::.=-t,;:--~o ::t~ I CU .:-;;;rAAt y.;: Pii, op IOici ~8~. - 0 ,:m , liU ?PY ~ :!~~-~t ~-,W ~T
!:;.,;: - L ,u;;;; ru:µ, ~ /DP_~o. -..n yaai
nmo._ ~. v::: nc,r ,:µ~zo:,. r,r..rmnr:J"l;,.A,«.,L.
I. Po!i!!atl
.a. _ o:: Bund.&.71 a August, ~e team vi..dted m:.nro hea.dqCIArter, at ~, c:s :..oi;::'•· d:ive trcll K.0nrovi.a. Va .were e5eortAd h7' ~MOG fQr t~ -=-.-i;,. ll'e 11e:ca scheCtll.94 to a .. t : Ulaaji komah, Mia1rman o:t 'C'LIXO, at ll7!1. lia u-ri•ed &t .IJIX &lid 1Nra .11At: ~ U'.Oll!U'• .Jil•ople, icol.u4illcJ a dapui:y cc-cha~, J:>r. Karry 7. :Uyou. Kr. ~ n.■ •t• the tilu iJ!. Jl01U:0Tia. .aeetinq rith :aaixoG. Kr . uolU.h sitoW'ed ap &t ,,.,o 4izz4 a;sol09'in4 t'or tu •M.ocnapr1 VJu.ala ca.nsed his ~lay. w• .·zaet rit:h llia foz u ai:a.taa. Utar t;eneriLl. =,o;glas npatied. . ou . t.n.s cf ra~u~, -Kr. ncm< spoke . ror . a f':JV ::imlaa. Mr • . n:oiu.lt clNZll' · lausw the· ~ of the .peace ~qr~~t. aAd th• ml/21 rola in ~ag it out. A.r:t:ar a shart disc:u■•icn a.n4 xr. XZ'Cllll&h agreeing to provide the lUlJl.e of tn.DD'iJ reprHat&t.ivH to t'h.e J'oill~ Ceasefire Xon.itorU.: Comaittee~ om--~~g Wl."'CA u. CCIZ&A an4BQ. ltt. J:romah did l:.ot ·r&i•• t lla u.sv.a o! _th• parti#ip&t.iOll . or ~• t ;,.,:o-t.J ,:,~ i!! .·U,S !!!....-p:::t.!..= :: ht1l!!l.alU.tA:i&a' )rizpplle•, the subj•c:t. ot & letter ha bad reaant:ly SeJlt. . .
B. That -...-vcinq the Zqyptian bba.ssal!or illviu4 '119 for • druk at hl.s ·-&p~t, 1.: th4t =~ C10Dpl ez •her• ve are ata.Jinq. · lr• 1i, / \· 1. li i.aautisjk{; t~• pouil>UJ.ty o! tb.e GoT&nmat of Bff'pt p.roTid.hg- ona C.,... or 1::w ·l>&tt.&Uo:a ~ ~ ~.u.cUd SC0K0G fo.roa. 'l!he ~saaor put ·"' ' ' grea1. at:u• ·on tu Jlee4 ~or f'~cial as.sut&Doa to support the:se troops.
c. '?he teat contihue4 ita rta:it.a t:a U.. hotio- by -l'inq a. .1:zi'p t::: ; m,an:;a• in Gl"l. tarcl.tQrY .· c::D llolMUT &J1d. 'rU.a.84&7, t aZMI 10 ~ll!JUt- ~t:• had. .bea 111.&d• b advaACe ~oz• nn. e■eort w meet. tJL& teaa at ~b.e. front lha jut outside blta.ta. 't?pcm .rucb.i.Dg th• BFU, aiu . ot the tront line, uare wu considertble C10nfllaioa
. .
1
- - '---'-- <l w.co= W11s =.;. .:.:iara. fi:i e _,1, si;e c:.r t1Le nont l-Ui• vaa - - - - , ,7 • ..... - - --.:~:-- - - .. ,.., , r.P-• +- "' 7 '"'-T __ , .. ,.-.. , .acaa or th.a. •&rT ·, ::=:.s a..i, d l.o-::,k>:::l. = :S:.C;t"O ~ lll ;-ra <.:...i. n.a,- ire.re 4.r-•e.4 i.?l nq:s an.d carried. ~• It ~ tut a oc-,-•11d•r-. pre.sent, bet: '...:.. • g-Toup h&4 tio ~Vll.llce ltnOW-1-.dq-e o~ our visit.. They di4, .DQ~ VV\t :a to con~i ?!.tJ•, qvc n Yi c.h the u- eac:on b.cau.• t1tO l)z:idgu.011. t.lle .S:Ull: road . YC!"C Wlp.1-Ss.al>l.e ~ th•J' ~ld U. th.a by-pu• dirt r~ n• IUJ1e4. 8o:.a of the hoya seesad ta.irly ea.qu. to a.U ~tll ..; . ~ - looaeced _up ~ar & vhila. · ··
D. litu thl:ee how '11'1Lit ~ cc::i:iida.rabl.a 4.u~iOA J:iao&~ tort?t, •• laa.nled th• llP~ eSQOrt h.i.4 arriftll u4 ~ -niUng .ror '"-- -e.t t!la UOlit lu,.e Oll the di.rt ro.a..d, •• 4ro-Te. beck t.o the JICOIIDG: a.i.l!• ud • pii;ked op &Z1 RCOXOG .s~ to ~ u ta tu :un. escort. I: the D1L ~Y was the .llUU~ o~ Xe&.lt.h, Xou abol:Dlo ..a.12 -~ ~resi4ential. . .1.dviBor on secarity, aear.i Prine• krcla.y. · ll• ::..--nae U&t t.ha di.-t. road '1i'aS not iill.N. loppa.rtttly-, it there u.d ~-ra· 11.inui,: '-they vere t.al:an up ~ a..lJ.gy t.ha nn, ,._.<::Grt to trllnl. n■ . t:~ tc;, .~ga tcok cc:nsiden.ble till.a. Th.a~ o:n tba dirt ~4. took ·.two· nours. tor a trip ~ the ~ r0&4 'lf!Ucdl voul.d ha.Te ~~ _10 1:.autea. The re.l:~ o: the loaal p0plll,ati.cm va. ,ra:z:ir. pos1tiva &:o.d i.n ro11t.e there V&r-a ~t&Deoua · ~ orc;aafte/S dU0128tratioJiS tD -1~ tJle. 1J1r teaa. ne arDWl!a ware cdla:iltl•~r ' ' 11■ .·vut ~c:e•, -W•- 'lnlAt foo4" Ud "I'• ~t -~ ·. •• 81:oppe4 -for a :.hcrt til:::e at a.n ~ l!iapl&ce4 persons tee4ili.q · outre •.
11. 11pa11 «.rrivaJ.. .in ~ 1 lllff'tugs 1N!re hel4 with ,high o~n:e~ f;i .. th• lil'n. adainisua.·doia., incll.Cuq l:.!le llilrlster of .ru.stic:e, I.:.'7•li :.sup-uw-ood., th.a Xilliatar of £&a.1th., xs. ~lo, the. acting :ilnist.r.· o~ : Detence, liilliaa aeu .. , tl:UI Prcside!!.tial Mn..o':.· OSl Security, Ge.Dual a&rcJ.ay, U4 tt.a .DepUt]' lCiJlistar ot &Uta :i~~ FUl:li.l.c: A.!.f&ira, 1to.luba.hsiai Botrar-4. 'lhi• 1nts tu ~ .tllat lliet n~ u u ll!l!J!uer ina.~lllCJW ~• ne:rt 4ay. Tiu• ill also the group ~e is propo::84 to ooce to- XOAro-ria f~ tlle tirst 11&41tillq oL -~ Jo int caaa~ire Koci te.ri.nq COlllai tt ...
r. S.ver&l coi:.eern.s pr~ied. t~a n:n. of.f1cial,J. The utecu of the c1csu:• ~ Ula bom.er with t:ha cot.a d'Ivoire aJtd ahortaga of !ood illld &edioill•• vu ■t.resse4 &a wa• U• wi!d.rllaa-a ot OODt.!maa4 -.coDCl&ic ND-Cticns •~iut Uae &Pl. t~itory. It ,,_ COil~ th&~ the~ _had not ~ .ii:q,utial in the Ul:le.1:iu ,GOJL!lie-t .u« ......... --.rco,....,.wal2il:• · Co. Uu: 1u&aui.1car1&a cr1.S.1s 1l'lll.Clt waa ·&,U,OIJllCI t:.O ~ d.Afl~ed .·i.n . -n:n araa.. ft.ef talt uat tll,a_···.:-s,orta or_: ~• secra~rai to the ~i~ coancil u.4· 'ltOt. aoc:uat:,1111y . raflactedtli•· •ituatioll a ·orea~ Lilt•ria all4 aa4:· hncred acar;DG .ccma111.q en: ~1-n.u.an . ~•"· · , . · · ·. · . .
C, At tpa the t-ea.a. ~• rec.iv.d bf Kr. Cmzle• ':.aylo.r · at t.lla ~ra■Uctia.l mansion. ·. Othe:r top o~!ia.ial.s -were pruent, incl~iliq ths ltin.istar of Ed~i0Jl, Kra. ecoper, vbo ia- t.he J:I.Ollliu• ot· the zttn.. . t.o t;ha ¢,o,,md.i or. s~. • •• ~•ate4 to, ~ tlat • aeet~·
1r~tld. ~ t:: ::"":1•~ ~ !::=~ i::. ~~.l;o; u:; •& 1.; c~ t.n.c Cuu.ccil oi ni.. t. e ;.'J.ich iii to .be i.::.:luu.l.&4 on ;H ) .u~t. >Ir . Ta y l or i.nt.roduoad :t.Ulself as not !:lai.nq • [)Q.lit1.:.ian or & sold.ie.r. but a.n e CQno:u.st. :c; .,, l" l)Vi oved tha h:Lst;ory ot th.a t.~iaJl. Ghil 'n,r. h eapbAsiU4 i.n ; a..rt !.c-ul.u- t ha.....role et. Id.;'ttia ~ ~ttc::pt:ui; t:, =.:.t..~l -LJ.l>&rt. ud t blil ~olut:ahtenliit.icm of bi.a faoticu to ~ .. at it. b a..lso dvalt at: l e1:.qth en »igeri.a:I u.atiaa 41.ri.Dq Ue war, inc:l udi.Dq tha. ~ir.:; of' cu.vi11.&n targ•t•• Kr. T&rlo.r •tzn»ed th.at. the nn. vaill n,-, i ;, .v.'"'H:t~ t:e t:llul P•••• p-•- -• pl.=1'3'~ 1:-o ooo~~ tul1:, Yith tl.a . an.itad Dt.imur in U• i=pl-ent.atioa ~ tlae ~ a.qraaa-i:i.t. • He 1ndiaate4 . i.zl. hi• · raa.ru that 'tlLe llP7L lt'OUl.4 · i:i. pretia.rt!d t:o a.eceot <Jhllaia.Z1 . ECOK0Q ·uo.:=11 tn ,H••- ,nu< .... ,,.._ tlw .ir troopc.
i£ . Tho. _!Las& "= ~A4 ~- "h,a ~ O<aial'QQW J.i.i ~11-l.&L.l.vo:.l.y 'ijUQQ
.&=OG1110dations. HPJ'L ■.aarity na prN•Jt~ 1:b.ro~ the vi•it.
... . o~ · t~• .111onri.ng -~f · U ~u~t I u.ruier aeathq-a ~-- lla.ld rl tJl · :wn. oft1.a1~1't . 1'!!11pb4sis was plitC&I! OJI. . ~ht1id.n; agraaaeat..s tantat:ive1y reached Uo. day ~~. n. ffl'L agreed to c:roaa-1..Ule deli vary o~_humu1tar1an np;ll•• rraa •onrov.ia.. ~t. "i,~ mad_e !or th• · nn ~ . •~tend the !int ae•ting ~f · U.. .Joi.Dt ".a.a-ll.re lCoD.itcr!ng Ccnlij!iJ.~ua. '2U«:!l va. tentativ@lJ' ·sc:hedul-4 · to ~ -held on 7 .dday ·13 Auqust in KoDrOTi&. ~ha Dl"L · ill«U:c.ted tut 1t -woul.d. t~ it dit'!'icult to participat& 121. th~.~~ Coaalltee vith l{igeri.u■- It •.n.s S'll9'99•te4 that perupa U.. ~ C01n1iM•r 0~ t~ -,, ~ · Ghu& aould participate. ~ : nn.· .. a.l.ao niPd cone am•': ~ut tbai.r acc:iam.o4& ti0r&B ;ui4 secuxit:y • .ill · x.onrovia. •(It is inter.-ti.Dg t9 llot.e that t l:e :aoawr.u to. the C01mCil o~ state ,d.i.d llet a:zprUS CQllCU'll over i1ecar-ity U KoDrOTi.& &lid. 11M :,tat,ed .. UAI YOul..d liva il1 the cit:y vitJL ruativ ... ) It ru .i.lso c:l.&rit.u4 -~t Ue present mian hn conti~a:it ct JrOOIICG c:o'll.d ~ iapl..,.t,at:iOD o~· ·th• peacie acp:-aaia:i.t. in SPno eont:1:olled u ..... '. • ._'lraUa·, •• woul.d . not . l:.ava to wait for the arrival o! tlle ~- IC0KOG fgr ac;;tiviti e s to begin ill tha aru. BPFL ~l.:!so aq:eed ·.to -~ha ~~ .. ~ .. -p...--- -~ ~--M.:.l1£.~ 01o ............ 1 ................. ·- '."ll;n.i; ·- ---erer.s•ed.~i.r llesire the ~QKOG tzoopa st&tion.ed at; the bordar,-to · ill.5pect ... -4ali'Te.::.as ct bQma.nitarlu usillt&Acse aholl.l.4 al.So Ila,=-~. · · · · . T?leae points rlil w .Nl&y.4· to . th• BOCD!OCI · ~¾.'•14 Co?ffll?ider. :. b · Yith other faotioA■ 1'8 .. t, same o~ the ·Dl'I, o:ftioia.J.:w. jNre CQllcerJ1ed· ~ the o.ol>ilha.t.ioll . process.
s., . . n.. ;1:; ... 1-ert Gb&l:Dq& at DOOD ~was--~ •to Use fi:oat~• by ~ -·pi:esida:nt;ial Uvuor far liec:'Clri.q' . ant· ,tll• nn. tioat.-l~' ~;nd•r. we ri■lt:aa · t:1'• 'b,....,. Tit' t-riq:.• ~- ~- a.r ~ . log_iaUo ~iaUsts ou tha t.... .On t.ba · r•~· wa ware not · -great:.4 · bf.' ·u or~zad ,di.llplaJ• of •el.coae, l::iai,; vi.ll.~ spcntaneo,i.aJ..y: valcoa.ed as as wa Jl-■e4. ~e aeJiClldmt. eapr .. sed to ua . ill · Gbartlga was · that ·;rill'l'L vanb the peace ~ t.o 90 qui.~ .. a.nd · aooth).y •o · that thay COIi.le! 9•~ OD. riU.' 'th.' .p:es:id-uUi.l ·. d~ion· ecmpaign. . . . . . .
PAGZ: 4 07 a
IT. Homaniurlan .--'\.s:sistanct!
?u'i'L o~Uoi&.ls izdi;.a.ted that ~ ~ l:)(NUi u:ntairly tzeateo:. ........ tt.• past in t= of the di.stri.wtiou o! !n2aan.itui&n rel.ie.:' . ~f"ll-f•• . ._...__ .. -r,-•i.~C....-. •"- --. ~91"•; ..... ~ .. -.J:..•~• .,..,.r_ 1Dr
~ersCZJmel. ~ ord~ to respond to th• ilcmedate u11d.a ot diap_I..a~· ~er!ic:r.s, the JlPJ'.I. . Uti-nJ.ii:tar cf R.ealt:h) a.gread that re.J.ier sa;,pl.i" =ltld .l>e ~cugb.t. illt.o the ar~ ot ~4 S:raa XDDZovi& (aroaaline), .but ~b.asi:red tba · importuoa of c:.ross-l)orcler operatiOJW .trca· 0:>t4t d.'I•oire &a wall .ua oroH--lill.e ope.rat:iana :!%Oil nab■n•n by t:ra-ill • .1.q::'ae;ae:zit Oil t.be Xc:aroT.ia. OP1U"&tiOD is O~ ·part:ic:ttlaJ::' •ignif~• I! i.?!ca it · rep.resell.ta a ch&.Dqa in praviou• JIIPJ'L pol.iey and· • will -per111.it the ilu:tediata ~teh o~ nlief CQll110?9 t.c respou to t.ba =g~t neec1s in the ar•••• (It: u :boped tll&t ~ ~frwt:· sueh oo&VOi will i'et m:failfay this weuk) • eon.suitatiot&a .u• a1so baia· ~ la7::'L otfioial.s a.n4 vi.th tha looal 2iQ0 oo:prqnity 011 tba :11ere lQJMiterm 1::1:zu.ll.itaria.u needs, wl~ inc:enti'.'/N t:or ~ao.t.,-UJ..!Jw . . troops, ': i~ra.struature ~rt (eduaatiou, Ii.al.th, ,rater . &JIil : au.i,t.ition) --; &nd sQPport for tu :::-aa~~tion ot · narxal acoll.O&ic t.gt:ivi.ty Ci.A partiC':11.&r i.eeda and tools :tor farmua).
m. Operatioas
1... I0?1'L has a .larg~ ll.~ 1;1f youn.q sol4iarll CJ>et:lieca. aqe o:f 10 to U>. Thu-e vill. ]:)e nee.I to o~se a -..eial. ~•habilU:&UQu irQ.g-raa:m.e .~or them. ·
a. rt 1111• ah= 11Qt;ic:ed th.a~ a. 1.ar;e nmabar of wn col.4.ie:s .ar• ...ovill.~ . alo.aq t!:e aa&ae fire line to the vill&qu elo•• to the ll.a• o~ ~ontrol. kcardi.1'.q to ln'J't. ailit.l:y ot'Uciala aooompanyi.Gq. the . Teob::ical ~ion, th~,. Rldiers &r• ..:.T'illg ·tc the.iz uti'I~ 7il'l.aqes to m.a•t. their :f~i .. .uid prepare .for deliloblliut.ion. · ':?UB will. requixe cl<ll:1~1cati011r 11imaio•• at~ aa it. ;pul.d bl ~nter:;,r:,'ted tachpically ar. ~ •• ,. tk- violat.J,au •. . . .
c. 1'.a&tings v ·ith a.ii · iroos~ haacts et ma aqe:neies, ECOK0Q &Dd tla• . ~tad.: ·Praaid.nt of rGSU will be ~ he.tore. depc.rtura.
D. , ,llHt~ O! tll.. Joi.At .Ceue-fUe lloJdt:oting- OCmaitt .. (~CIIC)
ll\ ll ·o-14., iM'l'll' .,.,,.,.•-•"'► -• -u- "'• -~• ~• ·C'--•Jlea~lilg of :~e . JCXC at 1.1.~oo (local u .. , 13 -Aagaat 1tU ill .th.a .tm,_ . _COlllpOUJl.d a Jlon.roTi:a: .. vi.th four JIMllHlrs fro.a ·e&Oll o~ .tu part.J.ea .. ~ aill ot .this zeetinq u 1:.o work oat the llillld&tc, 1-ll• ..-.d•liti .. ~d t:he p.rooe4ure or in..-esi:iqa:tiOA ~ c.... .Pf.re Vi.ol.&tiall.- ' &d .
. aathod qf . i-.pt-.eit.tation. of tho Jw;:aeaextt· :4u:inq ,tha pariod lUl~:i.l • tha ·:tul.l 4•plop.ent of ~cl•d. JCOMOG i ful.l Q011.t.bige.nt of t.U -~
.Ob~a:Ter. lC.iaaion. ·
(Z~ or. 10 :..~r..se, zca..oo ra-port..4 Vhat. tlley Ti. .. ed a.a a c:,v i:. -:1:.e c,.,ar_sg:-o~( Buct.~&n a.re.a. 'rh• a.lleqatio11. involv.d U.. 70lttt.tuy .-ur.:.-o.d.llg of :.2 lG?t. !i~te--, Ua cri.qi.bal ~ t:i.,;;~taz~ ■ere a.ll.Oved. to ret.n..--n t.o :YPYL a..r:=. 'l".b• illllaqed.. c:YV' will be ci:.c:J.ii~ad -~ ~ !:urt ~at: m.etizl.g ~ uveat!gate.tl !arth&r, u z:..a~a&ry ..
E . DEl'LOYXEl'iT OF THE ml' L.D.I&OS 'l'ZAK l:M GBAllGI.
1 . ~ollowi.ng the rl!Jit t:, Gbarnqa a.ad. eon4ide:riDg th• r-.sult of tb.a ~t1atiou with nn. l.ea.de.rs, the '?echlli.~l tiaai.cn recomme~d · t.he deploJlll,eDt 01'. a,n IJIIMO Liaison T~ (LT) o~ two tr:iMO'• fr~ the ~ce Party.
(2) The t.&ak• ot tb• Lr u-e to facili bte pe.mallent oonum: batveac mroxn, !Lll4 on ir .. dquartera, c:~• of tlle r~""'f!l:lents· t::, raspond t.o a 'H!.riou.s C7V •• t.hue az• ••OllZity, ~ie&tio?UI , loqistical t,roblem5 :al.atad to work.ill; ir. Xozu-ovia.
( '3) ~ r.i&ia:;,n Team can serve as a ?.&aia tor tutl.l.r• :!apl.Q~t o-! a~onal Jle&4qlarter of the 'C1i Obca%'9'U Xiaa1::.
:v. ~cs
(1) ThAa l.,:l au.le t,ro laned Bitasen road l:>etveu Kon%ovi& and Gbariiga is a vary qoo4 csonditioa thri:iugbo'llt with. th• uceptiou of two dasu0"19d brii,7~. Thu• l:!'Hge d~ are rit:hi.J1 f:he lli"1'7L oantrollcd ;ireas.
{2) liitboi:t these hridqes, road &c~asa to ~ from Wo=ovi.a isa re_...tri o-tM i:n •~ • .riYa koua, joun.y •~ a e1!!.q1.e l.&ne t'<ir••trT tnolt. It b QQWJidu-4 tut t.ha ezpactient tl.ll!)U ~icLq•• •long this traolt ··:.ay oniy M e&.,>abla c!: t.&Jci.Jl.; fccr ~ eigh~ ~zm• u, llqllt t;uob.
(J) rhe ~itUJllen nad auat. ba opuned tc allow dutribution 'Of :i-aan..it.cu::ua •'lli'li'1.1- .......l w &J..l.gw •IIJi'P:ll" oi. t.e.&.a aJ.i.u
,,ill:- @arnga area. No. kil•Y Bridq•• · oot&l.4 b• ~?' · u•~-4 at both. u.tu, it b:idq-ug •tocu NJ:• •-il&!)la ·loca1ly. stoclc: level.• b&ft :rtill to N 4.etez::i.ned • .
(41 l?oad■ Tith.in Gbvnga a.re ■a&l84 ~lthough ill a poor ata~ .of .:repair.
F ACE 6 OP' a
l3 . ....i..rr i.alds
U.j !t i~ e~:..=it=-4 tl:.&t & c-uc cap&?)le &1.r-s~ip iJz. ~ (U>CUt l;~o t;aat .z ~o ta•t ) OQu.l.4 oe r-:il•~ %;r ~7l!.;"~::. epa.ntio~ withi.ZI ~, houra. ·I'b• •~rip 1r&J1 CQ:t1a.trw:-t...S la.<:: :rear U4 only c.ead& to have rock.a and ~st.aolrtmoved ?,]" h&lld.
(2) rt is understood that a. t=thor sm.al.l :;rr-&3a-.urf~ strip u a.vail~le a~ a local. hosp.ital. 1A QbUJl.9&. '1'121• p::acl.~ a.n inapecition c! t.ti.s suip l!ut f'Urthu detail• vi.11. ha t-•utt~ a,ot'.a~ .
C. Ai.rcra.ft
rt is highly probabi• that UDO troa. :.he &d~c• party Yill be de.ployed early to m,a.rn.ga_. In order to ~on th.1• 4•plOym.ell.t, to ~ ad.equate llEDEV:lC support AA4 t.o allo,r turtller recon:i&i••ancse/inveati..qations, ~t least c.aa 4ac!.ioata4 helioopt.u 1■ -•~ti.al. &s quic:ltly .u1 possibl.• all4 :i,o 1 .. ter tb.all. th• arrival. ·ot the advance _pu.:ty • A fi%ad Ting air='~t rill .ilao be -cell~ ror . KED~ :;aj,qhu batTull Hci:.roTU .u.d Ahi.4jan. Plu. .. uo1114a tr.es• ,z:~llta U the l.i.et forwarde4 earlie.r.
D. Rail.road
It: f:, · understood the rail rn4 t.raa t,i,chu:an to Ganta. ia still aerri~ca1>1e - condition and loi:4tion of rellir.q stoclr. uot cown. Understand roali frc;c. ~ ~ rail.road is i.n. po<,r csoD41t~n .p4 takes ~ut uo holZre u, tnv•l- ·
:! . Cc.lllllllll i c:at:i 0~ I
W'ith the exec~t!on ot SPE"L, ~ly lia.i.io.11 a.&A . lie quickly . ut4!>.lishcd W"ith all other piu-ties, a..ttar the- arrinl ot: the ad~ce party in ll(c:nu:avia. curren.t:ly, IIllD?· ll&lltab.Ji .u Jl7' 90i,ca• 1.U1- be.tween Mo.c..rovi& ~ C&:cziqa. Due to the 41Jtt&Aoe• avol.-,,ed· _a.r.4 . ~• ctt:rrent di.t!icul.tiu rith the l>ri.dqes, 1JJQl0 '4apl9yad to ~ - _rll.l. requ1%• ·taoaia:ile t:a.cil.iths to ooilaWri~e- ·with:
· JIODZO'rta~ · 'I'hi~ f.u::ility ri.U .9%'e&Uy i::qm;,v-e com111Z2U.oatiou- ritll . t.t.a Jll'l'L . aail .Pru.L:lent . s:'t.!lar. ·
'J'. _ . Jood -.~d nter
rn qanu-&1. ~a.a axe. fov suppllu &vail&llla wit.hh ~qa. ;•~Hes ~or mnm · ata1:io11'9d ther~ will h&ve to . lte J)r'Oaght · ~ ~~aa;.. '. fttu . us. ava~l.a, but ;mriric:a.U~n/tr.abNnt b
. ; , ,1
~ .. ttl • .rial i • avtil~l• _ ; .:: ~ .:= q ivan t.!I• <Jeon,o~ t! iu.n=t.!c:2a. i.-i::n. r~rltid U. .,,. !wCAZUa:al Jtisaion to proTi.dA ~el ~or tt.air ffleort -nli ic;, l e ,rlJ:.e?l 't1i! ~:.cl ~~-= d::. Kore-ovu, thara vue !av l it;!::.t.s i..n Gba.r-~ ~~t-~-; '!.!.~':.la or :io tual. fo: v~uat.o;-s.
x. &Oeo~4&t.io~
~t.~l• &c,CQr:mo4ation. u 1.V&i~l• 1.?l. eurra.nt 1,_..4 tm !aoil!tias. X0wa-vc.r, t"J'0 .,-.r rOOJD i• lilelr as UJr aqe.Aeies aia» IP.Lau 1a• •otna.Al •• C~i:,,q.... O ~ !:l. .,_. ..... ~ U<l.at.1oA w-1.J.l. a.I.SO l)e·
tiqht.
~ove.lll e.11t of ~ =~~or roads Yill r-.gu.i:• iCCd n:.ap• a:Ad. vehicle :m.ou.. . Q .. c ~c -u.a. .a. • u ... ' 'l:;Ye..h...i o l.c;..7 c....rc. l.c.CI,.. 1..a...~ "'1..i.J.'t• J .
J. ?lectriai ty
!xistuig ret i culat.io~ er-,t=u u ~-.:.qa an4 .¥onravi& a..l.Jllost totally destroyed. Genarators (p:--1..m.a.ry and ?)a.ck ui,) rill be ~ed at a.l.1 locatioZLS rit.hill Kolll'Orta voltaqa 1• u .o volta •itll us type .Citti.nqs . s~ •~ta a.l.ao ha.Ta aao vol.t outleta.
IV. ·Security
!'be ll.i ■■ion "Ti..si t to Ciba.mg;,. 0'll 9 i.agurt r.t=illq on 1.0 Aug.l.lt, pa.•1194 vit.hout <i.ilY "=ity ~azat i.nvo l v.i.ng u::nri.011. pa.~o-..:el. T~e two mr local wt.aft ¥ho had. remained in ~qa,. u. Sila.s Bia.kc~ Cl.c. :itr. ~.-ta% Jlycu.h rqiorted. that. t.hay lla4 c.zper.ieru::ad n~ .•acnrity prol>le&s wnatsoevar at tlle ux:o~.riee tbare. lL ti.is . respaet i~ vaa Mted tbat 11%'. Cha.rle■ !.ayl~ bad .take& partic-..1ar =• ~ ensure · tbat tlle Ull ot'1'ice ns well p.rotec:tcd .. The security of ~- .fJ1I o~tic_e wa.s assrnred .by ~ .o!ti~ o~ the: Speci21 sac-.irity Service, opera.ting Oll tlU'ea aaJr. .. iqbt ho\lr shi.f.t. .;:!i;.; the c:-m-aad or colonel Jii.U:e.z-s011. ze..n.uJt. ·
V. Team Leader's .Final Comment
;. . n.• 4-t&ils o~ . the Te&&'• viait t.o the HH'L are l.&icl :out a detail •&llCTa and .y conol-cutioa troa the.II•, :~ other . ~ · llMti.ngs, . is .that eVU7'01'.& Yi.ah•• the P=~ to .,,... OU - quj.c:.Uy . . a. .i,oH:ll)1a. ni~ •J: 11an u.4 to c:aut.ioa al.l that· thi11gs oax ao~ h.a.ppezi 07ett~llt., a:1d while ua· mr. 'lt'iU preaa Oil vJ.t!a •all. po83ilu• vigour it riil tue . tiJM to do e-veryt~u.q. n this rega%d, ' thu,e u mz•nh1i:ty:of thogg1lt .U&~ ~a!ltJv A d..ial~ ot all partiaa IIJl,S~ . ....
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t.e £:::i':...."lCU!:~~ a.£ '!1 -~ .: I..!: v-=~i!i..oie • ..:.. .!l-1.VS t.LAJ:t!or ■ ~rr~gtid. £or e !ir::t. .:i;;ecti.!c·; ?:: ~" J,:,~,; C-6UHl!:1.re !!.D!!l.to?:'i.J:q CO:U:UttH (~) !.~r T~i:.!.i.y,. .:.... A.~;-.;:; :: .:..!93. ll'bil• it: ia &. JQl:C .aaat.:icq oa. :t.h• · .eurt'ace, I believe ttat it will be • atro~q ,Co:Jlfi4~oe bl.1.ildinq .llLl&SUrtt, lf.itc. t he r ... .!>.~I>Ul .. a or. q•tUJiq repz:e..at&ti,.-e ol! &l.l p~ioo, . ..;-. _~ho -i:-~ l o v4l, """ oi. iiJ -,,....,. wir<&.o.e • ff .-b&izaaa, -4 to - C1CD0ce di!!cussiollil on. bow t.11.a .a~.. pzooua wil.i ·be jipl.emeJSted.
(1) '?ha -ritriol axpre.seed ~or past mi eU¢ff•, w!Lich wer• ina11. as ~~i.r-, ~?l.e~ert ud con:&..'"7 t~ er.,eetatic:i of t!!a ,rpn,. 17bile :.t i• .,.a,m.e4 tut: t!lu• ~ a .ngi:m&l . degree 0~ p:i :;~u.rins<, .;is 1• to !:la cir;i.cted. ·•t such initi.&l. meeting•, i: believ.r that it Yell.t d .. &ie.r tha.n. th.ill, &nd I · oona1de.r ~t v-e ~ttst damonst.:ra.te our ;ood vill .b ·• · ·
· putic:ulu -n.y . ·
Jiit :Baor (I>K!J, OliD~ I.lid otl!cr local a,;enai••: ·-_are therefore prapand · to attect & Jum.l.ZLlt:.triu oonVGytomorrcv,· · l.-3 J.ugust:., wlu.cb rill •lilla •eire-11• Lllcl daliv.t ··• t.o su.!Cerilig_ ~\lPlf• Thia Till. ·•ell,1.-v, tvo · p<iiJ,u: . !ir:.tl.~, & ~-.omtration o~ our ~ -w_:µ;, . Tbil• lo~ilaq : · a.ft.l:: a ua1 -.ll.~~ian probl. .. , u4. -.a~oo~ly, eollt:ira,
.t:b ... t: . li.llo· ~=o••iaq, xe-ovi.a. to c.~ • . ·4.•· _,,. a ~&9' -•• . li!a. ·
(2) Tb• hat.rad, al.ao:,t paranoaia a.bout th• lfige.riaa pr••eo·, _; in Liberia. I ri.ll d.i.acusa .tu · iiatur· with EOOioa ·· c~e.r wi-:!1 & Ticv to c:.ite:rin.q to '&ll u the u..'· 'I!:.e Jo«!. :acting o.:i i" . .:iday vl.1! .. 51ro•• bu• f'l~Y7ttt" parti•• are i.a t.h.i.& :raqaz4~ .
i:: • . . ·r _·;VC".ul! suggeiil th&.t tha •~itivi.ty of. :.ha pr-::u:~ss a..t ·~ts ·• ori.t.i.e.a:l ·poi.nt bl .its progress di;b.toa tha.t : COl- l"Orq&ca, ·o:c
· ,a4"12c:C<I . observer. group, aJ1d "O?iX.0 ta&& .ClllainaaJ1.· ot t:ll.e J'CXC .JNSi; ~-n . :.i. -politie&.1.' onioer for advice and pi.duce iA approp:,u.ta :' //
·!:.!,tters~ C0:1'9'6-""Siltion with Maj. ~- D&rll.fll:rig. ~u. ~;J,il■ co~~--- ·.· ·-•.·
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.IJ. zo.y · pl.an■ are 1;0 !lep~ ,t,1.l)U1a aa ac:ll.e<Ul.4,e<l OA U AQqUSi: ~ :- , the · -~ternoon. . The team. vill. then-fore be prepa:rwd to . ~ . 4.-biled &J;.t.l.Y.ia Uld produe~ o! thJI .re~rt. ca SUilby. u ·~ -1' ,3. . .. : :
·P_e,t~ p,e:rsonal re~.
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