cooperation between turkish police forensic laboratory and university of ankara in forensic...

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Dear Guests,

Nowadays, when the crimes are becoming transnational and perpetrators are

constantly developing new methods, the only way to sustain the struggle of us -the

forensic experts- is the sharing of methods, technology and knowledge that we

produced. Contrary to the popular belief, it is not effective and efficient enough

making this share in everywhere of the globe which is in need of forensic services. Besides, no matter

how advanced we are, it is inevitable that we need regular and continuous support in every step of

the forensic services which hold many elements such as training qualified experts, getting suitable

equipments and creating ideal examination areas.

As it is agreed by all of the forensic experts, in order to make this support reached to the points of

needs, it is required that the international community who has a powerful network, not requesting

many prerequisites from the demandants and loaded with cooperation and coordination motive, must

take a role.

Sometimes it is possible that one place of the earth is lacking of even a simple and known forensic

method used in another place of the earth in solving an ordinary case, and this makes lots of people

mistreated. This mistreat can only be cleared by an association which is organized in an international

level and having a more generous depth of share than its counterparts.

I believe that we will trigger the first attempts in this direction with you by joining this symposium and

supporting it with your studies in order to put this aim into practice and take over the responsibility.

We welcome our colleagues, friends and guests who will take part in the scientific sessions in Ankara

and give us the opportunity to show the Turkish hospitality during the social tour in İstanbul.

You graced us with your presence.

Oğuz KARAKUŞ,Ph.D.

Arson Investigation and Criminalistic Expert

Head of Turkish National Police Forensic Laboratories

Chief Superintendent 1st Degree Police Chief

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ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE

Ömer SARIARSLAN : Deputy head of Turkish National Police Forensic Laboratories

Cem Mehmet ÇETİN : Head of Forensic Research and Technical Training Center

İsmail ÇEBİ : Head of R&D

Fatih KOÇ : Head of Crime Scene Section

Yalçın ATMACA : Digital Video and Photo Examination Specialist

Murat ÇAVUŞ : Chemical Examination Specialist

Mustafa TAŞKIN : Head of Logistic Unit

Mehmet Deniz YILDIZ : Computer Forensics Specialist

Murat GÜLCAN : Toolmark Examination Specialist

Dr.Aykut TONGÜR : Crime Scene Investigation Expert

Barış ÖZCAN : Crime Scene Investigation Expert

Dr.Eyüp AYDOĞDU : Questioned Document Examination Specialist

Dr. Cem YÜKSEL : Audio-Voice Examination Specialist

Dr.Gökhan İbrahim ÖĞÜNÇ : Ballistic Examination Specialist

Dr.Abdülmuttalip ÖZKORKMAZ : Biological Examination Specialist

Dr.Özgür BULUT : Forensic Anthropologist

Hayrettin DURSUN : Chemical Examination Specialist

Mustafa İPEK : Webmaster

Nevin TEMEL : Secretary

CONTENTS

Welcome 1

Organization Committee 3

Programme 4

Presentation 01 Forensic Science and Human Rights 7

Presentation 02 The New Policing Model At Federal Police in Mexico 7

Presentation 03 Anti-forensics 8

Presentation 04 Turkish National Police Forensic Staff Training 9

Presentation 05 Determination of The Age of Ink Entries From Questioned Documents With TD-GC-MS And HPLC Methods 9

Presentation 06 Computerized Ballistic Identification Systems and Databases: BALISTIKA 2010 Example 10

Presentation 07 Updating laboratory methods for visualization of latent finger marks at crime scene 10

Presentation 08 International Struggle with Cyber Crime 11

Presentation 09 Current Trends and Future Perspectives in Digital Image Forensics 11

Presentation 10 Cloud Forensics 12

Presentation 11 DNA Analysis programs at Naif Arab University for Security Sciences 12

Presentation 12 Evolution of recovery of male DNA in mixed stains from cloth in sexual assault cases. 13

Presentation 13 Challenges in Forensic DNA Typing and Future Perspectives 13

Presentation 14 Forensic Biology Specialist’s Training Model as a Good Application for National and International Scale 14

Presentation 15 Professional forensic staff training in the Ministry of the Interior of Russian Federation 15

Presentation 16 Accreditation of Forensic Science Laboratories and status in Türkiye 16

Presentation 17 Cooperation between Turkish Police Forensic Laboratory and University of Ankara in Forensic Anthropology 17

Presentation 18 Networking and Cooperation in International Forensic services: Can Medical Modals be a Sample? 17

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11.10.2012, Thursday

07:00-09:00 Breakfast

3. SESSIONModerator (Prof. Dr. Fikret HACIZADE-TUBITAK)09:00-09:20 Dr. Osman Nihat ŞEN International Struggle with Cyber Crime09:20-09:40 Ass. Prof. İsmail AVCIBAŞ Current Trends and Future Perspectives in Digital

Image Forensics09:40-10:00 Kaukab ZUBERİ Cloud Forensics10:00-10:30 Questions

10:30-11:00 Coffee Break

4. SESSIONModerator (Prof. Dr. Tülin SÖYLEMEZOĞLU-Ankara University Forensic Science Institute Manager)11:00-11:15 Dr. Ahmad CH. KASSAB DNA Analysis programs at Naif Arab University

for Security Sciences11:15-11:30 Dr. Brahim EL HOUATE Evolution of recovery of male DNA in mixed

stains from cloth in sexual assault cases

11:30-11:45 Dr. Yeşim Doğan ALAKOÇ Challenges in Forensic DNA Typing and Future Perspectives

11:45-12:00 İbrahim SEMİZOĞLU Forensic Biology Specialist’s Training Model as a Good Application for National and International Scale

12:00-12:30 Questions

12:30-13:30 Lunch Break

5. SESSIONModerator (İrfan BAYAR-Former Head of Police Forensic Laboratory)

13:30-13:45 Dmitry Saraev Professional forensic staff training in the Ministry of the Interior of Russian Federation

13:45-14:00 Dr. Ertan SEVEN Accreditation of Forensic Science Laboratories and status in Türkiye

14:00-14:15 Prof. Dr. Ayla SEVİM & Cooperation between Turkish Police Forensic Dr. Özgür BULUT Laboratory and University Of Ankara In Forensic

Anthropology14:15-14:30 Prof. Dr. Gökhan ORAL Networking and Cooperation in International Fo-

rensic services: Can Medical Modals be a Sample?14:30-15:00 Questions

PROGRAMME09.10.2012, Tuesday

After 14:00 Check-in

19:00-21:00 Dinner

10.10.2012, Wednesday


08:30-10:00 Registration

10:00-11:00 Opening Ceremony

11:00-11:30 Opening Cocktail

11:30 Group Photo

12:00-13:30 Lunch Break

1. SESSION

Moderator (Mustafa AYDIN-Head of Kayseri Metropolitan Police Department)

13:30-13:45 Asst. Prof. Dr. Yasin ATAÇ Forensic Science and Human Rights

13:45-14:00 Dr. Patricia Trujillo Mariel The New Policing Model at Federal Police in Mexico

14:00-14:15 Dr. Cem YÜKSEL Anti-forensics

14:15-14:30 Cem Mehmet ÇETİN Turkish National Police Forensic Staff Training


15:00-15:30 Coffee Break

2. SESSION

Moderator (Prof. Dr. Turgut GÖKSU-Head of Police Academy Forensic Science Institute)

15:30-15:50 Prof. Dr. Salih CENGİZ Determination of The Age of Ink Entries From Questioned Documents With TD-GC-MS And HPLC Methods

15:50-16:10 Dr. Gökhan İbrahim ÖĞÜNÇ Computerized Ballistic Identification Systems and Databases: BALISTIKA 2010 Example

16:10-16:30 Dr. (Prof.) O. P. Jasuja Updating laboratory methods for visualization of latent finger marks at crime scene


19:00-21:00 Dinner

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15:30-17:30 Visit to Police Forensic Laboratory

19:00-21:00 Dinner

12.10.2012, Friday


09:00-10:00 Countries Forensic Capasity Presentations

10:00-10:30 Coffee break

10:30-12:00 Overview and Symposium Decleration

12:30-13:30 Lunch break

14:30 Departure for Istanbul

21:00 Hotel Check-in

13.10.2012, Saturday


10:00-19:00 Social Program at Istanbul

19:30-22:00 Farewell dinner at Beylerbeyi Police Guest House

14.10.2012, Sunday

12:00 Lunch & Check-out

PRESENTATION 01

Forensic Science and Human Rights

Asst. Prof. Dr. Yasin ATAÇPolice Academy

“All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. These rights are attached to all people and these rights are inseparable. Right to be free can be mentioned as one of the basic human rights. However, this right can also be restricted, if people commit serious crimes against other human beings. Everyone has a right to be judged equally. After a fair trial, even the right to be free can be restricted. In this respect, Forensic Science as a tool of fair trial has a vital importance on the rights of people. The numbers of cases, in which judges make decision depending on forensic evidence, are increasing rapidly. These decisions are affecting the lives of millions of people. Forensic Science, as a mean of proving the quilt of criminals, helps criminal justice system to make communities more safe and peaceful. Furthermore, forensic evidence also proves the innocence of people who have been convicted wrongfully. Celerity and certainty of forensic evidence contributed much to fight against crimes. However, the reliability of forensic laboratories is the subject to arguments too. It is argued that many innocent people were convicted because of errors in the analyzing processes. Even the reliability of using DNA analyses in criminal cases is being argued. Forensic Sciences, so the Forensic Laboratories as a mean of protecting human rights, have to be more efficient in the future. This study focused on the relations between human rights and forensic sciences, especially, focused on the things that should be done to improve the quality, certainty and efficiency of forensic laboratories to protect human rights.

PRESENTATION 02

The New Policing Model At Federal Police in Mexico

Dr. Patricia Trujillo Mariel

Introduction

The criminal phenomenon is a global pandemic; recreate their ability to generate daily damage.

The police are finding common patterns of action in the control and prevention.

Objective

Combat transnational organized crime phenomenon by transforming police corporations between countries, and sharing of information technologies and telecommunications, to ensure effective and efficient performance in the prevention and prosecution of crimes

ABSTRACTS

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DescriptionCommon EnemyEnemy that has similar parameters of conduct: Violent proceed, Feeling of power, Economic resource and hate police institutions.

New Model Police Today police systems are widely-efficient equipment. Training and staff.

Basic SchemeForming an interdisciplinary and international action as special cell Build a large network of interactive information Locate suitable profiles for prevalent crimes

Comments The challenge and therefore future foresight exercise is to structure schemes police inter-disciplined and international police action in adherence to common rules of each country.

Conclusions International Cooperation between police forces to combat transnational organized crime, by police in several areas is multidisciplinary social science and scientific.

PRESENTATION 03

Anti-forensics

Dr. Cem YUKSEL

Turkish National Police, Police Forensic Laboratory

Anti-forensics tries to frustrate forensic investigations, examinations, investigators and examiners. Practitioners of anti-forensics search and share counter methods, tools, and information.

While some of these techniques focus on pre-stage of crimes, some others focus on post-stage of crimes. All phases of a crime can be organized in a way that aims to avoid detection, minimize any artifacts, mislead the forensic tool, investigator and examiner and disrupt the information collection. All laboratory examination processes can be casted doubt on by disputing the evidence, questioning the capabilities of forensic scientist, crime scene experts and first responding team, discussing the method’s validity and up-to-dateness and finally trying to find any complications and problems in the related laboratory section or in the whole forensic institution.

Anti-forensic techniques can be used to improve all forensic processes from crime scene to court trial including the examination. However, all anti forensic techniques are not shared as commonly as forensic techniques. It is hardly possible to find them on legal platforms like scientific journals, forums and publications. Therefore forensic scientists have far much less chance to improve their techniques and correct any errors, problems and deficiencies. This lack of info sharing about anti-forensic techniques can be prevented by the forensic scientist’s efforts. Any piece of information on anti-forensic should be distributed in any forensic network.

PRESENTATION 04

Turkish National Police Forensic Staff Training Cem Mehmet ÇETİN, Msc.Head of KATEM, Turkish National Police Police Forensic Laboratory

Police Forensic Laboratories (KPL) is one of the comprehensive forensic laboratories of Turkey. KPL helps with the solution of almost all criminal cases, by means of science, in courts throughout the country and it provides support to investigative agencies.

As Department of Police Forensic Laboratories, we are sharing our knowledge and experience gained throughout years in national and international area by arranging training activities in different aereas of Forensic Sciences.

KATEM is an international and national law enforcement in-service training unit under the body of Department of Police Forensic Laboratory.

The mission of KATEM:• to identify and meet the training needs of the national and international law enforcement agencies.• to assist the development of modern training techniques within the national forensic units of the region,• Training programs are designed in a modular way also Learner Oriented format.KPL-KATEM is open to any kind of cooperation with Law Enforcement agencies and related institutions in the region and around the world.

PRESENTATION 05

Determination of The Age of Ink Entries From Questioned Documents With TD-GC-MS And HPLC Methods

Prof. Dr. Salih CENGİZ Istanbul UniversityInstitute of Forensic Sciences

Determination of the age of an ink entry from a questioned document is a difficult and controversial issue in forensic science. Lately, the studies of ink age determination done from the dynamic properties of the ink entries have shown that the phenoxy ethanol, which is one of the solvents ink included, have different behavior against the varying thermal conditions by TD-GC/MS[1] during methyl losses of the pigments presents a valuable confirmatory evidences of age using HPLC .

The goal of this presentation is the enhancement of the ink age determination methods using dynamic physicochemical properties of the ink entries on a document such as vanishing rate of phenoxy ethanol (PE) with TD-GC-MS that used in traditional analyses of volatile organic components and fading rate of the pigments crystal violet (CV) methyl violet (MV) Tetramethyl Para Rosaniline (TPR) and other changes in pigment constitution.

For comparison of Thermal desorption properties, the sample cut 0.5 cm in length was placed in a totally emptied and cleaned Thermal desorber tube. The sample was analyzed in two different runs for different

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temperatures: 90 0C and 200 0C [2]. The age of ink entry was calculated by the help of the relation between the integration values at 90 0C and 200 0C (M90, M200).

For the comparison of the time dependent methyl losses of the ink pigments on the same documents two 1.2 mm each punches have been extracted by methanol for 15 minutes and than 10 micro liters of extract have been injected to the HPLC . The chromatograms of the questioned inks have been compared to find age differences in between.

By the present methods proposed, as a result of one year work and approximately 300-350 experiments the aging curve of ink (V%) was plotted and these make the feasibility of ink age determination in our laboratory clear. The HPLC chromatograms have been used for prediction and or confirmation.

PRESENTATION 06

Computerized Ballistic Identification Systems and Databases: BALISTIKA 2010 Example

Gökhan İbrahim ÖĞÜNÇ, Ph.D.Turkish National Police, Police Forensic Laboratory

The earliest example of the scientific study on forensic ballistic examination was written by MD. Hall in June 1900, in the Buffalo Medical Journal. Since this publication, the crime investigation units frequently have asked two questions to firearms expert; the first one is what kind of firearms or which model/brand firearms were used? And second question is particular which firearms were used?

Since 1900, firearms identification has been mainly performed with optical examination by using comparison macroscopes. Firearms identification composes with two examination phases; the first phase is “one by one” identification: cartridge case or bullet from crime scene is examined with suspected firearm/s. The second phase is “Unknown Firearms Archives (UFA)” examination: according to the national legislations, the law enforcement agencies have the authority to establish the UFA with cartridge case and bullets which are recovered from crime scene. Due to the size of the UFA, the performing UFA examination with only the comparison macroscopes takes long time and is unfeasible process. The Computerized Ballistic Identification Systems are became an essential devices for archive examination by making correlation and preliminary eliminations.

As a successful example of the Computerized Ballistic Identification Systems, BALISTIKA 2010 is evaluated in this presentation.

PRESENTATION 07

Updating laboratory methods for visualization of latent finger marks at crime scene

Dr. (Prof.) O. P. Jasuja and Dr. Gagan deep SinghPunjabi UniversityDepartment of Forensic Science, Patiala- India

Latent finger marks are one of the most common and important physical evidence found on the crime scene. If processed properly with a suitable method, they provide a definite source of the chance prints. Generally, at the crime scene, latent finger marks are either processed on the spot at the crime scene or the objects

suspected of having the latent finger marks are sent to the laboratory for further treatment. The most common method used at the scene of crime or in the laboratory to process these latent finger marks is of powdering, though several other methods are also available to visualize the prints which are comparatively simple and effective as well.

In present work, we have tried to demonstrate that how some specific surfaces which are relatively recently introduced in routine use, do respond very well to the simple methods to visualize the latent finger marks. In first example, we demonstrate the case of thermal paper and its treatment with iodine fumes to visualize the prints which are permanent contrary to the belief that iodine prints are not permanent. In second example, we try to demonstrate how iodine fumes developed prints could be made permanent on all type of surfaces by treating them with Brucine. In third example, it is shown that how a new reagent based on phase transfer catalyst is able to develop latent finger marks on difficult surfaces like sticky side of adhesive tapes.

In this way, various researches conducted by our fingerprint research group to improve the processing of latent finger marks will be discussed in detail.

PRESENTATION 08

International Struggle with Cyber Crime

Dr. Osman Nihat ŞENHead of Internet Division (TIB)

Number of Turkish Internet users are growing fastly and Internet became very common way of daily life of Turkey nowadays. Almost one half of Turkish people uses Internet. On the other hand one third of World population is Internet user. Mobile internet growth rate is more than any others. With these good developments we unfortunately come across with some problems. Recently one of the biggest security companies namely Norton published a report. According to Norton Cybercrime Report 2011 which is published on 7th of September, cybercrime claimed 431 million adult victims last year and cost dollars 114 billion dollars in 24 countries. The Norton Cybercrime Report 2011 said over 74 million people in the United States were cybercrime victims last year, suffering dollars 32 billion in direct financial losses. All these numbers are frightening. It is possible to tell many other damages of cybercrime. So what has to be done should be discussed. They are analysis of the current situation for detecting problems, awareness raising activities and finally international cooperation. Because of the nature of the cybercrime, international cooperation, coordination and collaboration are very important.

PRESENTATION 09

Current Trends and Future Perspectives in Digital Image Forensics

Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail AvcıbaşTurgut Özal UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Image forensics is an emerging field concerned with determining the source and potential authenticity of digital objects and possibly reconstructing the history of manipulations effected. An obvious threat to image authenticity is the ease with which digital images can be created, edited, and manipulated with sophisticated

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tools which do not leave much perceptible trace. Another important threat is the obfuscation of the source identity of the imaging device. Forensic tools, however, can be designed to recognize the nature and location of the manipulation and to identify the source device of the image. This talk is about current trends and future perspectives in this new and exciting field.

PRESENTATION 10

Cloud Forensics

Kaukab ZUBERIForensic People - Definition of Cloud Forensics- Electronic Evidence in Cloud Forensics- Developing a Cloud Forensics Strategy- Cloud Forensics Investigation Methods- Legal Dimensions and Challenges- Future Work

PRESENTATION 11

DNA Analysis programs at Naif Arab University for Security Sciences

Dr. Ahmad CH. KASSABNaif Arab University For Security Sciences (NAUSS)Forensic biology department

Riyadh/ Saudi Arabia

Forensic DNA analyses, in almost all the forensic laboratories, is considered an important discipline for human identification to connect suspect with the crime scene. Providing these laboratories with highly skilled and professionally competent scientists has become a great challenge.

The College of Forensic Sciences (CFS) constitutes one of the most important academic bodies of the NAUSS serving the Forensic Science institutions and laboratories since 1988. The CFS offers a variety of basic and advanced academic and professional training courses and undergraduate / postgraduate diploma in Forensic DNA analysis thereby fulfilling the educational and professional training needs of 22 Arab countries. CFS has recently, in addition to Higher Diploma (HDFS), in forensic DNA analysis, launched master programs in Forensic DNA analysis. This program was designed to meet all the standard requirements adopted by FBI and Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission FEPAC. This program accept all student hold a B.SC in Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Botany, Zoology , Molecular Biology and medical Sciences. The entire academic curricula (48 credit hours) are distributed over six semesters as follows.

Common Course with College of Graduate studies (9 credit hours)

Common Courses in College of Forensic Sciences (10 credit hours)

Forensic Toxicology Courses (29 credit hours)

Students graduated on the completion the 48 semester credit hours of course work, thesis research and defense of their research and approval of a thesis.

PRESENTATION 12

Evolution of recovery of male DNA in mixed stains from cloth in sexual assault cases.

ELMehdi Bentaleb a,b ,Adil Laouina , Hakima Yahia a, , Jalal Talbi a Redouane Boulouiz a , Said Amzazi a,b , Faiza Chbel a Brahim ElHouate a .a Service Biologie-Empreintes genetiques, laboratoire de Police Scientifique. Casablanca, Morocco.b Département de Biologie, Faculté´ des Sciences Rabat,

In sexual-assault cases, Clothing such as underwear and materiel used for cleaning the orifices and areas surrounding the orifices that patients report to be involved in the assault may be the only evidence collected. These mixed stains are a challenge; the presence of a large quantity of epithelial material may prevent detection of the male DNA (spermatozoa). A solution to this problem is differential DNA extraction. We decided to test the efficacy of our routine method and the Differex™ System on simulated casework samples and real casework for mixed stain collected from cloth. In this experiment we tested also the effect of conservation (ambient temperature and freezing). Boot methods give satisfactory results, allowing detection of the male DNA in simulated case. The recovery of male and female DNA was variable in the real casework. Differex™ givers less among of DNA, but ratio male /female DNA is greater than our routine methods. This experiment shows that the two methods of differential extraction may be used in specimen mixed stains from cloth and will help in resolving case where this type of stain is the only evidence.

PRESENTATION 13

Challenges in Forensic DNA Typing and Future Perspectives

Dr. Yeşim Doğan ALAKOÇAnkara Univesity, Biotechnology Ins.

After Alec Jeffreys introduced the term “individual specific DNA profiling”, DNA analysis has become indispensable in forensic process. From that date forward, with the knowledge gathered from the human genome project and state of the art technology in the genomics, forensic DNA analysis revolutionized and shifts in a more important place.

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There are some major problems in forensic DNA analysis, coming from the nature of the physical evidence. The initial problem of a forensic DNA laboratory is the quality of DNA from crime scene which is far from being ideal. DNA acquired from crime scene is highly degraded and contains PCR inhibitors because it is extracted from biological material which has been exposed to inappropriate conditions for a long time. The amount of DNA from these materials is extremely low and usually cross-contaminated. Therefore tremendous effort is given to overcome these problems by developing new strategies and approaches both before and during lab work. However, new applications sometimes help to eliminate the problems but on the other hand sometimes led to new defined issues.

PRESENTATION 14

Forensic Biology Specialist’s Training Model as a Good Application for National and International Scale

İbrahim SEMİZOĞLU

Forensic Biology Specialist, in common with other diciplines, should answer the questions which arise from judicial authorities for finding the quilty within the scope of scientific facts that should be accepted by all authorities by using scientific analysis methods at the possible soonest time. Forensic Biology Specialist who takes charge in basic inspection of identifying criminals and enlightening the crime, should have expression and communication capabilities for justification of results and should be capable of quick working with high reliability. Because of the reasons mentioned above, the following skills should be provided during the tranining of a Forensic Science Specialist trainee: Domination over the scientific facts in field, ability of creating causal link from scientific data to be used in field, the capability of making the best of time while performing tests and analysis, written and verbal communication capability of conveying the works to judicial authorities as convincing and comprehensible truths.

The requirement of being Forensic Biology Specialist is having a bachelor degree in biology taken from universities in our country unlike any other countries. Besides forensic science specialist trainees have to continue their training for a while for being able to see how to accomodate their basic scientific knowledge to forensic field. Even though it seems as if this is a master/apprentice period, the training should be planned and quantifiable and master’s initiative should be avoided.

The activities of the trainee should be measured during the training period thus these data will indicate if the person is capable of being a good specialist or not. The data obtained from measurements should be evaluated in accordance with the Standards. Evaluation criterias should be determined and written, since this evaluation should be standard and objective. The achievement rate should only include trainee’s measured data, and should not be left to administrative, social perseption or personal attitudes&ideas of the trainer.

PRESENTATION 15

Professional forensic staff training in the Ministry of the Interior of Russian Federation

Dmitry Saraev, Anna Stasenko Forensic science centre of the Ministry of the Interior of Russian Federation

Forensic science centre of the Ministry of the Interior of Russian Federation (FSC or the Center) functions as the head of forensic science department in the system of the Ministry of the Interior, organizes and monitors the work of the forensic science units of law enforcement authorities.

There are two types of professional forensic staff training in the Ministry of the Interior of Russian Federation:

- training at higher educational institutions of in the Ministry of the Interior of Russian Federation on the specialty “forensic examination;

- training course as a kind of additional professional education includes: a) self-study training of an expert under the control of a tutor with a training course following-up at regional forensic science centre or at FSC;

b) acquiring additional skills, adoption of new techniques, modern forensic means and methods of detection, fixation, seizure and examination of real material evidence, exchanging of advanced experience at regional seminars.

Every year more than 3 thousand officers get these kinds of staff training.

Obligatory experts’ attestation is hold every 5 years with qualifying Commission of experts. These commissions are set up at our FSC – the central one, and 80 others -at regional local police of Russia and 4 – at higher educational institutions of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia.

There are expert examinations at 47 expert specializations which are currently carried out in the Center. Four higher educational institutions of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia provide expert training on the specialty “forensic examination”. The Universities of Moscow and St. Petersburg and the Academy of Volgograd of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia give training on 7 traditional types of expertise: ballistics, fingerprints, trace evidence examinations, handwriting examinations, portrait examinations, examination of questioned documents, and missile weapon and steels expertise. The Institute of East-Siberian provides training at specialty of vehicle technical examination as well as technical examination of fires and explosion.

Modern status and future perspectives of professional forensic staff training in the Ministry of the Interior of Russian Federation testify that systemic and united training of experts give positive influence on effective use of forensic means and methods in exposure and investigation of crimes.

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PRESENTATION 16

Accreditation of Forensic Science Laboratories and status in Türkiye

Ertan Seven, PhDForensic ChemistTurkish National Police, Police Forensic Laboratories

Accreditation for a laboratory means that the laboratory demonstrates itself that it makes analysis and examinations according to standardized rules; it operates a management system, is technically competent, and is able to generate technically valid results. The requirements for accreditation of a laboratory are specified in ISO standard ISO/IEC 17025.

ISO/IEC 17025 is most commonly used standard worldwide for accreditation of analysis/examination laboratories which is also applicable to forensic laboratories. There are mainly two parts in the standard, as management requirements (Clause 4) and technical requirements (Clause 5).

Laboratory accreditation according to ISO/IEC 17025 encompasses external oversight of laboratory operations, including whether the laboratory facilities are adequate, whether the laboratory personnel have the appropriate background (expertise and experience) and opportunities for continuing education to perform assigned tasks satisfactorily, whether the laboratory has a quality control program and the degree to which this program strives to achieve excellence, how the laboratory performs on proficiency tests, how the laboratory complies with established standards as determined by laboratory inspections, and other factors that affect the reliability and accuracy of testing and reporting done by the laboratory.

For an analysis/examination laboratory, the most important reflection and contribution of accreditation is the reliability and accuracy of the analysis and examination results scientifically. Since the results of a forensic laboratory could cause imprisonment of people, the accuracy and reliability of the results are very critical for forensic laboratories. If the results are not accurate, an innocent person could be sent to prison or guilty people may be caused to be free. So, for the accuracy and reliability of the results, forensic laboratories should be accredited in their examination fields. Accreditation which is recognized as a safeguard for the public plays an important role in the criminal justice system.

Each of three organizations performing forensic laboratory examinations in Turkey has been accredited in their central laboratories in several fields. Central lab of Police Forensic Laboratories is accredited in 41 examination fields.

PRESENTATION 17 Cooperation between Turkish Police Forensic Laboratory and University of Ankara in Forensic Anthropology

* Prof. Dr. Ayla Sevim EROL, **Dr. Ozgur BULUT* University of Ankara, Department of Anthropology** Turkish Police Forensic Laboratory, Forensic Anthropology Division

Forensic anthropology is the analysis of human skeletal remains within the medicolegal context. It aims to identify human beings from their skeletal remains. A forensic anthropologist assists by analyzing human remains and applying physical or biological anthropology methods in the identification of deceased individuals.

Trauma analysis, facial reconstruction, craniofacial superimposition and skeletal examinations such as determination of sex, age and stature are subfields of forensic anthropology discipline.

To perform forensic anthropology service in Turkish Police Forensic Laboratory (KPL), cooperation agreement was made between University of Ankara and KPL in 2006. Cooperation agreement consists of 2 phases; Phase I: Training/Postgraduate Forensic Anthropology Program, Phase II: Establishment of the Forensic Anthropology Laboratory. The target goals was successfully achieved at the end of 2011.

KPL forensic anthropology laboratory has provided forensic services in three main fields as skeletal examination, craniofacial identification (facial reconstruction and craniofacial superimposition) and age progression since the beginning of 2012. Over 500 findings including skeletal and archeological remains related numerous forensic cases was examined so far. Forensic anthropologists in KPL have helped solve several crimes with the using traditional and computer assisted new techniques.

KPL aims to build international cooperation on training, exchange of information, scientific studies in the field of forensic anthropology in the near future.

PRESENTATION 18

Networking and Cooperation in International Forensic services: Can Medical Modals be a Sample?

Prof. Dr. Gökhan Oral İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Forensic Medicine Faculty

Medical and Law related educations are tried to be gathered under the forensic medicine area for a long time. In this model the continental europe and anglo american world serve in different ways. These methods are coming from two different medical methods rather than two different practicle specifications of forensic medicine. Interestingly, even though the law system in these countries are coming from the same root which is encient roman law system, it is also divided into two area in the same way as in the medical area which are again continental europe and anglo american. Todays medical forensic model is almost totally derived from the German and French system. In this model, non medical services like Crime Scene Investigations, ballistics investigations, narcotics are all entegrated to this medical system. There are controversial situations in this model togather with sample practices. In this presentation, all these negative and positive points will be discussed to elaborate the issue.