aurel rustoiu – mariana egri, a silver crossbow brooch from divici, caraş-severin county. in: c....

STUDII DE ARHEOLOGIE ŞI ISTORIE

OMAGIU PROFESORULUI NICOLAE GUDEA LA 70 DE ANI

STUDIES IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY

AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME TO PROFESSOR NICOLAE GUDEA ON HIS 70TH BIRTHDAY

Seria / Series / Reihe

INTERFERENŢE ETNICE ŞI CULTURALEÎN MILENIILE I A. CHR. – I P. CHR.

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL INTERFERENCES IN THE1ST MILLENNIUM B.C. TO THE 1ST MILLENNIUM A.D.

ETHNISCHE UND KULTURELLE INTERFERENZEN IM1. JAHRTAUSEND V. CHR. – 1. JAHRTAUSEND N. CHR.

Editori / Editors / Herausgeber der Reihe

Nicolae Gudea, Călin Cosma, Aurel Rustoiu

VOL. XX / BAND 20

Romanian AcademyInstitute of Archaeology and Art History | Cluj-Napoca

STUDII DE ARHEOLOGIE ŞI ISTORIE OMAGIU PROFESORULUI NICOLAE GUDEA LA 70 DE ANI

STUDIES IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME TO PROFESSOR NICOLAE GUDEA ON HIS 70TH BIRTHDAY

Editor Călin Cosma

Editura MegaCluj-Napoca, 2011

DTP: Ovidiu Vlad

ISBN 978-606-543-240-6

Editura Mega | www.edituramega.roe-mail: [email protected]

© Călin Cosma, 2012

Coperta I: Statuia Iupiter Optimus Maximus Dolichenus de la PorolissumCoperta IV: Poarta castrului de la Porolissum – reconstituire (stânga sus)

Principia castrului mare de pe Pomet, Porolissum (dreapta sus)Clădirea L7 – locuinţă din vicus, Porolissum (stânga centru)Clădirea LM1 – taberna, Porolissum (dreapta centru)Terasa Sanctuarelor, Porolissum ( jos)

Profesorul Nicolae Gudea

la 70 de ani

CUPRINS / CONTENTS

Constantin POPClipe nostalgice alături de un drag prieten / Nostalgic moments with a dear friend ............................................9

Lista autorilor / List of authors ....................................................................................................................................... 12

Opera știinţifi că a profesorului Nicolae Gudea ............................................................................................................ 15

ARHEOLOGIE PREISTORICĂ / PREHISTORY ARCHAEOLOGYDoina IGNATContributions for the Knowledge of Paleolithic in North-West Romania ............................................................ 39

Zoia MAXIMCâteva consideraţii preliminare asupra cercetărilor de pe traseul Autostrăzii Transilvania (km. 25.000 – 36.000) / Some preliminary considerations research on Transylvania highway route ........... 45

Ovidiu SECHELFortifi caţiile epocii cuprului pe teritoriul României / Copper age fortifi cations on Romanian territory ......53

Sabin Adrian LUCA, Dragoş DIACONESCU, Cristian Constantin ROMAN, Sorin TINCUThe Archeological Research from Silvaşu de Jos–Dealul Ţapului. The Archaeological Campaigns from 2006–2010 .......................................................................................................67

Gheorghe LAZAROVICI, Cornelia-Magda LAZAROVICIAltarele din munţi în preistorie / Mountains’ altars in prehistory ........................................................................ 101

ARHEOLOGIE ROMANĂ / ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY

Radu ARDEVANVasul roman cu semn cruciform de la Gherla / Le vase romain au signe cruciforme de Gherla ...............139

Dorel BONDOCA stamped amphora of the producer Dionysogenes, discovered at Cioroiu Nou ...............................................145

Cristian-Claudiu FILIPVase ceramice cu decor ştampilat din amfi teatrul de la Porolissum/ Stamped ware from the amphitheatre of Porolissum ............................................................................................... 151

Dénes GABLER – Katalin KÉRDŐDas früheste Alenkastell von Aquincum .....................................................................................................................169

Constantin INELPiese de echipament militar în morminte din necropola romană de la Apulum – Stadion / Pieces of military equipment found in graves from the Roman necropolis from Apulum – Stadion ............185

Claudiu Ionuţ IOVAn overview of novel weapons to fi ght historical and archaeological literature, literary sources ................. 205

Silvia MUSTAŢĂRemarks on the use and misuse of Latin terms in the study of Roman bronze vessels ................................... 233

Dávid PETRUŢData regarding the pottery lamp production in Porolissum. The case of the Loeschcke type III imitations ................................................................................................ 241

Dieter QUASTEine aussergewöhnliche Zwiebelknopffi bel aus dem RGZM ................................................................................ 249

Aurel RUSTOIU – Mariana EGRIA silver crossbow brooch from Divici, Caraş-Severin county ................................................................................ 257

Dan TAMBAUrbanism roman la Porolissum. Casa romană / The urban planning in the military vicus of Porolissum. The Roman house ..................................................... 265

Lóránt VASSA Roman bone pocket knife handle depicting Eros riding a dolphin from Porolissum (Moigrad, Sălaj county, Romania) ................................................................................................................................ 295

Zs. VISYEin neueres Militärdiplom aus Pannonia Inferior ................................................................................................... 305

Radu Iustinian ZĂGREANU – Claudiu Ionuţ IOVNew sculptural monuments in the Porolissum area ................................................................................................. 311

NUMISMATICĂ / NUMISMATICS

Götz WAURICKDioskurenbilder auf Münzen im Reich der Seleukiden und in Baktrien .............................................................341

Nicoleta DEMIANUn lot de monede romane târzii din bronz descoperit la Dalboşeţ ( jud. Caraş-Severin) / A lot of late Roman bronze coins from Dalboşeţ (Caraş-Severin county) ...........................................................371

Raoul M. ŞEPTILICICâteva monete romane barbarizate, inedite, din secolul IV, din Peninsula Balcanică / A few original barbarized Roman coins of the Fourth Century from the Balkan Peninsulath ....................... 383

ARHEOLOGIA ŞI ISTORIA SECOLELOR IV–VI / ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF 4th–6th CENTURIES

Ionel A. LUPU – Virgil MIHĂILESCU-BÎRLIBAExaminarea unor probe de cărbuni recoltate din cimitirile tumulare de la Târzia şi Branişte-Nemţişor/The investigation of some charcoal evidence taken from the cemeteries of Târzia and Branişte-Nemţişor .... 397

Valer PĂRĂUPorolissum. Eine dakisch-römische christliche Stadt im 4.–�6. Jahrhundert n. Chr. Einführende Studie ...... 405

Nelu ZUGRAVUImperator Bonus la Pseudo-Aurelius Victor / Imperator Bonus in Pseudo-Aurelius Victor ...............................................................................................................417

ARHEOLOGIA ŞI ISTORIA SECOLELOR VII–XI / ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF 7th–11th CENTURIES

George TOMEGEAOn research problems of biritual cemeteries from Transylvania (7th–9th century) .......................................... 429

Valentin DELEANU – Anca MATIŞAnaliza cerceilor cu pandantiv spiralat / An analysis on earrings with spiral pendant ................................... 435

Aurel DRAGOTĂ – Gabriel Tiberiu RUSTOIUMonede romane perforate în descoperirile funerare din secolele X–XI / Roman perforated coins in funerary contexts of the 10th – 11th centuries ........................................................... 443

Călin COSMAConsideraţii privind practica depunerii de vase ceramice în morminte din Transilvania secolelor VII–X / Betrachtungen zur deponierung von Keramischen Gefässen in Gräbern im Siebenbürgen des 7. – 10. Jh. .....451

ISTORIA CULTURII / CULTURAL HISTORY

Ana DUMITRANBisericile din Geoagiu de Sus / Geoagiu de Sus churches ....................................................................................... 485

Gabriel VASILIUPrimul profesor de limba română de la Universitatea din Cluj – Grigore Silaşi / Professor Grigore Silaşi, 1836-189 ............................................................................................................................... 499

Valer HOSSUEpiscopul dr. Iuliu Hossu – trăirea în jurământul pentru sionul românesc / The Bishop Dr. Iuliu Hossu – A life on the way how the bishop kept his solemn oath ..................................... 503

Abrevieri / Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................. 507

A SILVER CROSSBOW BROOCH FROM DIVICI,CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY

Aurel RUSTOIU – Mariana EGRI

Professor Nicolae Gudea, to whom the present volume is dedicated, carried out several archaeological investigations in the Danube’s Iron Gates gorges, as part of his long standing interest in the history and

archaeology of the Danubian provinces. Amongst these can be mentioned the excavations made at Gornea1 or in the Roman fort at Pojejena2, which provided signifi cant information regarding the Roman defensive system on this sector of the Danube. These investigations were included afterwards into a series of studies about the frontiers of Moesia Superior and Dacia3. The present article is analysing a silver brooch discovered at Divici, Caraş-Severin County, not far from Pojejena, and is bringing into discussion certain aspects of the 3rd century AD in the mentioned region.

The silver brooch was discovered in 1997 during the systematic archaeological investigations carried out in the Dacian fortress from Divici – Grad (Fig. 1�–�2). The fortress is located on a promontory on the left bank of the Danube, having a triangular plateau on top, rising about 100 m above the river. The structure has several construction phases dated between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD, and was destroyed and defi nitively abandoned either during the Dacian war of Domitian or at the beginning of the fi rst Dacian war of Trajan4. The mentioned brooch has been recovered from the humus layer in the rectangular cut C 14, opened on the central area of the hill’s upper plateau, inside the former Dacian fortress (Fig. 1 – up).

The artefact is fragmentary preserved (the pin is missing, being broken in ancient times), and is made of silver (Fig. 3). It belongs to the so-called crossbow type, having a hinged closing system (Armbrustscharni-erfi bel in German specialist literature). The hinge was made by introducing a silver wire through one end of the crossbar (the other end is un-perforated), its role being to hold the pin. The head of the brooch is deco-rated with a conical knob. The bow has a triangular cross-section and a small trapezoidal plate towards the head. A thin silver wire was rolled up around the lower end of the bow, the scope being to imitate the form of the brooches with returned foot. The foot is angular on the upper side. The catch-plate has a triangular shape.

Dimensions: total length – 6 cm; length of the crossbar – 4 cm. The crossbow brooches were widespread in the Roman Empire, being discovered in Britannia5, the

Rhine region6, the Alpine region7, the Danubian provinces8 and Syria9. The largest number of fi nds is known from military contexts. While discussing the brooches from the Roman forts at Saalburg and Zugmantel, A. Böhme noted that the crossbow ones are missing from Germanic Barbaricum, but they were very popular

1�GUDEA 1977.2�GUDEA 1975; GUDEA, UZUM 1973; GUDEA, BOZU 1977; 1979.3�GUDEA 2001; 2003 etc.4�GUMĂ, LUCA, SĂCĂRIN 1987; GUMĂ, RUSTOIU, SĂCĂRIN 1995; 1997; 1999; RUSTOIU 2005; 2006�–�2007 (with further bibliography regarding the for-tress and the fi nds from Divici) etc.5�BAYLEY, BUTCHER 2004, 106�–�108, 183�–�185.6�BÖHME 1972, 26�–�28.7�ETTLINGER 1973, 138; RIHA 1979, 166�–�168; 1994, 145�–�146.8�PATEK 1942, 144; BOJOVIĆ 1983, 79, Fig. 349�–�352; COCIŞ 2004, 148�–�154.9�BÖHME 1972, 26.

258�|�Aurel RUSTOIU – Mariana EGRI

Fig. 1 – Archaeological site at Divici – Grad with the place of brooch’s discovery (up); location of the site at Divici – Grad and the Roman fort at Pojejena (down). Maps after Google Earth.

A silver crossbow brooch from Divici, Caraş-Severin county�|�259

Fig. 2 – View of the site from Divici – Grad and the Danube downstream to Pojejena (up); precinct of the Dacian fortress from Divici – Grad and the Danube upstream (down). Photo A. Rustoiu.


in the military environment, according to the large number of fi nds from diff erent forts on the Germanic frontier10. Still, in certain provinces the number of fi nds from civilian contexts is also signifi cant, for exam-ple in southern Britannia11. This wide distribution determined the appearance of several morphological variations in the western areas, but also in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. These variations were usu-ally the result of some local fashion trends or of some technological particularities of diff erent workshops, albeit the basic shape is similar across vast areas. At the same time several details of the shape of the bow (a triangular, facetted or rectangular cross-section etc), of the foot and catch-plate, or of the crossbar, diff er within the same region, determining the identifi cation of numerous variants of this type12. In Dacia are pres-ent the brooches specifi c to the western areas of the Empire, but also those which are mostly known from the eastern provinces13. Amongst the latter can be mentioned the T-shaped brooches having a hinge (T-fi bel mit Scharniereinrichtung), specifi c mostly to Dacia, Moesia and Pannonia, thus constituting a particular variant probably produced in the region14 (Fig. 4/1).

Returning to the brooch from Divici, it has to be noted that was made of silver, while most of the simi-lar fi nds from Dacia were made of bronze. Amongst the few silver examples can be mentioned the brooches discovered at Potaissa15 and Porolissum16. Other similar silver brooches are known from the cemetery at Viminacium17. In the western provinces both the silver and the bronze brooches are more frequent, this

10�BÖHME 1972, 26�–�27.11�BAYLEY, BUTCHER 2004, 184.12�See for example BÖHME 1972, variants a-m; RUSTOIU 1990�–�1993, variants A-E; COCIŞ 2004, Type 39 with two variants and dozens of sub-variants etc.13�COCIŞ 2004, 148�–�154.14�RUSTOIU 1990�–�1993; COCIŞ 2004, Type 39b1a1, 39b1a2, 39b1b, 39 b2a (dividing a type which is morphologically unitary in too many variants and sub-variants seems to be unjustifi ed).15�COCIŞ 2004, 226�–�227, no. 2136�–�2137.16�COCIŞ 2004, 227, no. 2138.17�REDŽIĆ 2007, 61�–�62, no. 316, 323�–�325, 328, 331�–�332, 334�–�335 etc.

Fig. 3 – Silver crossbow brooch from Divici – Grad. Photo and drawing A. Rustoiu.


distribution being an important characteristic of the type18. The fi nds from Richborough in Britannia were made of various alloys imitating precious metals, according to the metallographic analyses19.

From the morphological point of view the brooch from Divici combines a series of elements also known from other contemporaneous types, which probably served as sources of inspiration for the craftsman. For example, the triangular cross-section of the bow is typical of the hinged T-shaped brooches from the Danu-bian provinces20 (Fig. 4/1). The angular foot with a pointed end is also encountered on T-shaped brooches, but the combination with a triangular catch-plate is frequent on the so-called brooches with a “fork-like bow”21 (Fig. 4/2�–�3). The wire rolled up around the base of the bow imitates, as previously mentioned, the brooches with returned foot (Fig. 4/4�–�6). This decorative innovation is also encountered on the previously mentioned types22.

As concerning the chronology, the crossbow brooches appeared at the end of the 2nd century AD, being mostly used in the fi rst half of the 3rd century AD23. Typologically they are the point of origin for the appear-ance and development of the crossbow brooches with onion-shaped knobs.

The context of discovery generates some problems of interpretation. The brooch might have been lost on the area of the former Dacian fortress more than a century after its fi nal destruction. A similar sit-uation is attested at Căpâlna (Alba County), a T-shaped brooch being also recovered from the area of the former Dacian fortress, destroyed more than a century earlier than the period in which the type was com-monly used24. However another interesting artefact has been found at Divici, again in the humus layer of the same rectangular cut C14 opened on the hill’s plateau, pointing to other possible interpretations. The fi nd is a bronze as issued in AD 112 – 117 during the reign of Trajan25, thus also lost in this area after the destruc-tion of the fortress. Taking into consideration these artefacts, it can be presumed that a Roman observation point might have functioned on the hill from Divici. Still not a single structure, which can be dated after the destruction of the Dacian fortress by Romans, was discovered in the rectangular cut C 14 or in other trenches and cuts excavated during the entire project. On the other hand the plateau is providing excellent visibility along the Danube and to the Roman fort at Pojejena, situated at 10 km downstream (Fig. 1 – down; fi g. 2 – up).

Furthermore, archaeological investigations carried out by N. Gudea on the fortifi ed system of towers on the north-western sector of the Dacian frontier26 are off ering some interpretative possibilities. More pre-cisely an entire network of towers made of timber and wattle-and-daub or stone, placed on higher locations off ering a good visibility around, was identifi ed. In some cases the excavations uncovered a scarce inven-tory27, albeit the towers were used during the entire existence of the province, and only the layout of these constructions was always identifi ed. They were used for surveillance and signalling, thus being visible from the fort which they served and from other nearby towers and fortifi cations28.

Summarising these observations, it might be possible that an occasional point of surveillance and signalling also functioned on the Grad Hill at Divici. Its role was probably to supervise the traffi c along the Danube, being connected with the fort at Pojejena. The hill provides a wide visibility, about 25 km down-stream to Pescari (Fig. 1 – down; Fig. 2 – up), and around 5 km upstream to the bend of the Danube, which is downstream of Baziaş (Fig. 1 – down; Fig. 2 – down). Traces of any Roman constructions (a tower or other types of fortifi cation) have not been identifi ed, but these might have not been necessary since the region was not on the external frontier of the Empire and the observation point was only occasionally used.

In conclusion the silver crossbow brooch discovered at Divici – Grad, dated to the fi rst half of the 3rd century AD and probably used and lost by a Roman soldier, may attest, together with the Trajanic bronze as, the existence of an occasional surveillance and signalling point connected with the Roman fort from Pojejena.

18�RIHA 1979, 165.19�BAYLEY, BUTCHER 2004, 184�–�185.20�RUSTOIU 1990�–�1993, 1/2�–�3.21�COCIŞ 2004, Pl. 116/1646 etc.22�COCIŞ 2004, Pl. 117/1659 etc.23�BÖHME 1972, 27�–�28; RIHA 1979, 165; RUSTOIU 1990�–�1993, 157; GUGL 1995, 42; BAYLEY, BUTCHER 2004, 184; COCIŞ 2004, 148�–�154 etc.24�RUSTOIU 1990�–�1993.25�GUMĂ, RUSTOIU, SĂCĂRIN 1997, 381, Fig. 5/D. 26�GUDEA 1980; 1983; 1985.27�GUDEA 1980, 661�–�662; 1985, 157.28�See the topographic situation in GUDEA 1985, Fig. 4, 15.


Fig. 4 – Bronze brooches from Dacia: 1 – hinged T-shaped brooch; 2�–�3 – brooches with fork-like bow; 4�–�6 – dif-ferent variants of brooches with returned foot. 1. Căpâlna; 2. Apahida; 3. Cluj-Napoca; 4. Ulpia Traiana; 5. Căşeiu; 6. Soporu de Câmpie. After Rustoiu 1990�–�1993 (1) and Cociş 2004 (2�–�6).

1

2

3 4

5 6


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J. Bayley, S. Butcher, Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection, London 2004.

BÖHME 1972A. Böhme, Die Fibeln der Kastelle Saalburg und Zugmantel, SaalbJahrb 29, 1972, 5�–�112.

BOJOVIĆ 1983D. Bojović, Rimske fi bule Singidunuma, Beograd 1983.

COCIŞ 2004S. Cociş, Fibulele din Dacia romană, Cluj-Napoca 2004.

ETTLINGER 1973 E. Ettlinger, Die römischen Fibeln in der Schweiz, Bern 1973.

GUDEA 1975N. Gudea, Castrul roman de la Pojejena. Săpăturile din anul 1973, Banatica 3, 1975, 333 – 343.

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GUDEA 1980N. Gudea, Cercetările de teren şi săpăturile arheologice efectuate pe linia de turnuri din sectorul de nord

– vest al limesului Daciei, Materiale şi cercetări arheologice. A XIV-a sesiune anuală de rapoarte, Tulcea 1980, 661 – 663.

GUDEA 1983 N. Gudea, Raport în legătură cu cercetările şi săpăturile arheologice executate pe linia înaintată de turnuri a limesului de vest, în Materiale şi cercetări arheologice. A XV-a Sesiune anuală de rapoarte. Muzeul Jude-ţean Braşov, 1981, Bucureşti 1983, 304�–�305.

GUDEA 1985N. Gudea, Contribuţii la istoria militară a Daciei Porolissensis. I. Linia înaintată de turnuri şi fortifi caţii mici de pe sectorul de nord – vest al limesului provinciei între castrele de la Bologa şi Tihău, ActaMP 9, 1985, 143 – 218.

GUDEA 2001N. Gudea, Die Nordgrenze der römischen Provinz Obermoesien, Jahrb. RGZM 48, 2001, 1 – 118.

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GUMĂ, RUSTOIU, SĂCĂRIN 1995 M. Gumă, A. Rustoiu, C. Săcărin, Raport preliminar asupra cercetărilor efectuate în cetatea dacică de la Divici între anii 1988�–�1994, în Cercetări arheologice în aria nord tracă 1, Bucureşti 1995, 401�–�426.

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GUMĂ, RUSTOIU, SĂCĂRIN 1999 M. Gumă, A. Rustoiu, C. Săcărin, Les fi bules du site fortifi e de Liubcova-Stenca et de la citadelle de Divici-Grad, Le Djerdap/Les Portes de Fer a la deuxieme moitié du premièr millenaire av. J.-C. jusqu’aux guerres daciques. Kolloquium in Kladovo – Drobeta-Tr. Severin (September-October 1998), Beograd 1999, 65�–�70.

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ABREVIERI

A – Apulum, Acta Musei Apulensis, Alba Iulia.AA – Analele Academiei Române. Memoriile Secţiunii Istorice. Bucureşti.AAH – Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapesta.AB – Analele Banatului, Muzeul Banatului, Timişoara.ACMI – Anuarul Comisiunii MOnumentelor Istorice, Bucureşti.ACMIT – Anuarul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice, Secţia pentru Transilvania, Cluj.ArchAust – Archaeologia Austriaca, Wien.ActaArchCarp – Acta Archaeologica Carpathica, Kraków.ActaArchHung – Acta Archaeologica Academie Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest.ActaMN – Acta Musei Napocensis (Cluj-Napoca).ActaMP – Acta Musei Porolissensis, ZalăuAÉ – Archeologiai Értesitö, Budapesta.AH – Ars Hungarica, Budapesta.AHA – Acta Historiae Artium, Budapesta.AHR – Acta Hargitensia. Studii şi comunicări, Miercurea Ciuc.AII – Anuarul Institutului de Istorie, Cluj.AIIAC – Anuarul Institutului de Istorie şi Arheologie, Cluj.AIIAIaşi – Anuarul Institutului de Istorie, IaşiAIIN – Anuarul Institutului de Istorie Naţională, Cluj.AISC – Anuarul Institutului de Studii Clasice, Cluj.AL – Aluta, Muzeul Judeţean Sfântu Gheorghe.Alba Regia – Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis (Székesfehérvár).AM – Arheologia Medievală.AMET – Anuarul Muzeului Etnografi c al Transilvaniei, Cluj.AMN – Acta Musei Napocensis, Cluj Napoca.AMP – Acta Musei Porolissensis, Zalău.AnB – Analele Banatului, Timişoara.AO – Arhivele Olteniei, Craiova.APULUM – Acta Musei Apulensis, Alba Iulia.ARBSH – Académie Roumaine. Bulletin de la Séction Historique.ArchKorr – Archäologische Korrespondenzblatt, Römisch-Germanische Zentralmuseum, Mainz.ArhMold – Arheologia Moldovei, Iaşi.AS – Arhiva Someşană, Năsăud.AT – Ars Transsilvanuiae, Institutul de Arheologie si Istoria Artei Cluj-Napoca.ATS – Acta Terre Septemcastrensis. Universitatea Lucian Blaga, Sibiu.

508�|�Abrevieri

AVSL – Archiv des Vereins für siebenbürgische Landeskunde, Sibiu.B – Banatica, Muzeul Banatului Montan, Reşiţa.Banatica – Banatica. Muzeul de Istorie al Judeţului Caraş-Severin, Reşiţa.BB – Bibliotheca Brukenthal, Sibiu.BCH – Buletinul Comisiei de Heraldică, Genealogie şi Sigilografi e a Academiei Române, Cluj-Napoca.BCMI – Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice, Bucureşti.BHAB – Bibliotheca Historica et Archaeologica Banatica, Timişoara.BHAUT – Bibliotheca Historica et Archaeologica Universitatis Timisiensis (Timişoara).BMI – Buletinul Monumentelor Istorice, Bucureşti.BOR – Biserica Ortodoxă Română, Bucureşti.BRGK– Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission (Frankfurt am Main).BSNR – Buletinul Societăţii Numismatice Române, Bucureşti.C – Crisia, Muzeul Ţării Crişurilor, Oradea.Carpica – Carpica. Muzeul Judeţean Bacău.CA – Cahiers Archeologiques, Paris.CC – Cultura Creştină, Blaj.CCA – Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din RomâniaCD – Cumidava, Muzeul Judeţean Braşov.CN – Cercetări Numismatice, Bucureşti.Crisia – Crisia, Muzeul Ţării Crişurilor, Oradea.Cronica – Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România.Dacia – Dacia. Recherches et decouvertes archeologiques en Roumanie, Bucureşti I–XII (1924�–�1948);

N.S.Revue archeologique et d’histoire ancienne, Institutul de arheologie „Vasile Pârvan“, Bucureşti.DIR – Documente privind Istoria României.DRH – Documenta Romaniae Historica.EM – Erdélyi Muzeum, Cluj.EN – Ephemeris Napocensis, Institutul de Arheologie şi Istoria Artei, Cluj-Napoca.FD – Foaia Diecezană, Caransebeş.FolArch – Folia Archaeologica, Budapest.FVL – Forschungen zur Volks – und Landeskunde, Sibiu.Gallia – Gallia. Archéologie de la France antique, CNRS éditions (Paris).GB – Glasul Bisericii, Bucureşti.IP – Îndrumător Pastoral. Episcopia Ortodoxă Alba Iulia.Istros – Istros. Muzeul Brăilei.JOB – Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, Viena.JRA – Journal of Roman Archaeology (Portsmouth, Rhode Island).JRGZM – Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanische Zentralmuseum Mainz.KJ – Kölner Jahrbuch. Herausgegeben vom Römisch-Germanischen Museum und der Archäologischen

Gesellschaft Köln (Berlin).M – Marmaţia. Muzeul Judeţean Maramureş, Baia Mare.MA – Mitropolia Ardealului, Sibiu.Marisia – Marisia, Studii şi materiale. Arheologie, Târgu Mureş.Materiale – Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, Bucureşti.MB – Mitropolia Banatului, Timişoara.MCA – Materiale şi Cercetări de Arheologie, Bucureşti.ME – Müvészetittörténeti Értesitö, Budapesta.MEFRA – Mélanges de L´école Française de Rome. Antiquité (Rome).MF – Müvészetittörténeti Füzetek, Budapesta.MI – Monumente istorice. Studii şi cercetări de restaurare, Bucureşti.MIA – Monumente Istorice şi de Artă, Bucureşti.MN – Muzeul Naţional, Bucureşti.MNICA – Muzeul Naţional de Istorie, Cercetări arheologice, Bucureşti.

Abrevieri�|�509

MO – Mitropolia Olteniei, Craiova.MR – Marisia, Muzeul Judeţean Mureş, Târgu Mureş.MSZ – Müvészeti Szalon, Cluj.MT – Medievalia Transilvanica.MŰ – Müveszet, Budapesta.MV – Müemlék védelem, Budapesta.P – Potaissa, Muzeul de Istorie, Turda.PA – Palladio, Roma.PamArch – Památky Archeologické, Praha.PO – Pontica. Muzeul de Istorie Naţională şi Arheologie ConstanţaPVAR – Pagini de veche artă românească, Bucureşti.RA – Revista Arhivelor, Bucureşti.RB – Revista Bistriţei, Bistriţa.REB – Revue des Etudes Byzantines, Paris.RER – Revue des Etudes Roumaines.RESEE – Revue des Etudes Sud-Est Européennes, Bucureşti.Revista Bistriţei – Revista Bistriţei. Complexul Muzeal Bistriţa-Năsăud (Bistriţa).RI – Revista de Istorie, Bucureşti.RIR – Revista Istorică Română, Bucureşti.RM – Revista Muzeelor, Bucureşti.RMI – Revista Monumentelor Istorice, Bucureşti.RMM – Revista Muzeelor şi Monumentelor, Bucureşti.ROB – Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek (Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten)

(Nijmegen).RRH – Revue Roumaine d’Histoire, Bucureşti.RRHA – Revue Roumaine d’Histoire de l’Art, Bucureşti.RSL – Romanoslavica, Bucureşti.RT – Revista Teologică, Sibiu.S – Sargetia.Acta Musei Devensis, Deva.SCB – Studii şi Comunicări. Muzeul Brukenthal. Arheologie-istorie, Sibiu.SCIA – Studii şi Cercetări de Istoria Artei. Bucureşti.SCIV(A) – Studii şi Cercetări de Istorie Veche (şi Arheologie). Institutul de Arheologie „Vasile Pârvan“

Bucureşti.SCN – Studii şi Cercetări de Numismatică. Institutul de Arheologie „Vasile Pârvan“ Bucureşti.SM – Satu Mare. Studii şi cominicări. Muzeul Judeţean Satu Mare.SMIM – Studii şi Materiale de Istorie Medie, Bucureşti.SMB – Studii Muzeale. Muzeul Naţional de Artă al României.ST – Studii Teologice, Bucureşti.Starinar – Starinar (Beograd).Studijne Zvesti – Studijne Zvesti. Arheologicki ústav SAV, Nitra-Bratislava.SU – Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj Napoca.SUBB – Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca.SZ – Századok, Budapesta.SympThrac – Symposia Thracologica. Institutul Român de Tracologie, Bucureşti.T – Tibiscus.Muzeul Banatului, Timişoara.TRD – Thraco-Dacica. Institutul Român de Tracologie, Bucureşti.TREV – Trasylvanian Review.Centrul de Studii Transilvane, Cluj Napoca.U – Umeni, Praga.V – Verbum, Bucureşti.Z – Ziridava. Muzeul Judeţean Arad.Ziridava – Ziridava. Studii şi cercetări, Arad.ZfA – Zeitschrift für Archäologie, Berlin.

Cărţi apărute în seria / Books published in the series / Erschienene Bände in der Reihe

INTERFERENŢE ETNICE ŞI CULTURALE ÎN MILENIILE I. A. CHR. – I. P. CHR.

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL INTERFERENCES IN THE1ST MILLENNIUM B.C. TO THE 1ST MILLENNIUM A.D.

ETHNISCHE UND KULTURELLE INTERFERENZEN IM 1. JHT. V. CHR. – 1. JHT. N. CHR.

I. A. Rustoiu, H. Pop, A. Ursuţiu, Fl. Gogâltan, Al. Gudea, HABITAT UND GESELLSCHAFT IM WESTEN UND NORDWESTEN RUMÄNIENS VOM ENDE DES 2. JAHRTAUSENDS V. CHR. ZUM ANFANG DES 1. JAHRTAUSENDS N. CHR., Cluj-Napoca 2002. II. C. Cosma, Al. Gudea, HABITAT UND GESELLSCHAFT IM WESTEN UND NORDWESTEN RUMÄNI-ENS IN DEN 8.–10. JAHRHUNDERTEN N. CHR., Cluj-Napoca 2002.

III. A. Rustoiu, RĂZBOINICI ŞI ARTIZANI DE PRESTIGIU ÎN DACIA PREROMANĂ (KRIEGER UND SCHMIEDE IM VOR RÖMISCHEN DAKIEN), Cluj-Napoca 2002.

IV. INTERREGIONALE UND KULTURELLE BEZIEHUNGEN IM KARPATENRAUM (2. JHT. V. CHR. – 1. JHT. N. CHR.), (Herausgeber A. Rustoiu, A. Ursuţiu), Cluj-Napoca 2002.

V. A. Ursuţiu, ETAPA MIJLOCIE A PRIMEI VÂRSTE A FIERULUI ÎN TRANSILVANIA (THE MIDDLE STAGE OF THE FIRST IRON AGE IN TRANSSILVANIA), Cluj-Napoca 2002 (Premiul „Vasile Pârvan” al Academiei Române).

VI. C. Cosma, VESTUL ŞI NORD-VESTUL ROMÂNIEI ÎN SECOLELE VIII–X D. H. (THE WEST AND NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES OF ROMANIA IN THE 8TH – 10TH CENTURIES A.D.), Cluj-Napoca 2002 (Premiul „Vasile Pârvan” al Academiei Române).

VII. COMERŢ ŞI CIVILIZAŢIE. TRANSILVANIA ÎN CONTEXTUL SCHIMBURILOR COMERCIALE ŞI CULTURALE ÎN ANTICHITATE / TRADE AND CIVILIZATION. TRANSYLVANIA IN THE FRAME OF TRADE AND CULTURAL EXCHANGES IN ANTIQUITY, Editori Călin Cosma şi Aurel Rustoiu, Cluj-Napoca 2005.

VIII. E. Nemeth, A. Rustoiu, H. Pop, LIMES DACICUS OCCIDENTALIS. DIE BEFESTIGUNGEN IM WES-TEN DAKIENS VOR UND NACH DER RÖMISCHEN EROBERUNG, Cluj-Napoca 2005.

IX. Al. I. Gudea, CONTRIBUŢII LA ISTORIA ECONOMICĂ A DACIEI ROMANE. STUDIU ARHEOZOOLO-GIC (CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ROMAN DACIA. AN ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL APPROACH), Cluj-Napoca 2007.

X. FUNERARY OFFERINGS AND VOTIVE DEPOSITIONS IN EUROPE’S 1ST MILLENNIUM AD. CULTU-RAL ARTEFACTS AND LOCAL IDENTITIES, Editor Călin Cosma, Cluj-Napoca 2007.

XI. N. Gudea, CASTRUL ROMAN DE LA FELDIOARA. ÎNCERCARE DE MONOGRAFIE ARHEOLOGICĂ / DAS RÖMERKASTELL VON FELDIOARA. VERSUCH EINER ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN MONOGRAPHIE, Cluj-Napoca 2008.

XII. Berecki S., THE LA TÈNE SETTLEMENT FROM MOREŞTI, Cluj-Napoca 2008 (Premiul Societăţii Muzeului Ardelean – Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület).

XIII. A. Rustoiu, RĂZBOINICI ŞI SOCIETATE ÎN ARIA CELTICĂ TRANSILVĂNEANĂ. STUDII PE MARGINEA MORMÂNTULUI CU COIF DE LA CIUMEŞTI / WARRIORS AND SOCIETY IN CELTIC TRANSYLVANIA. STUDIES ON THE GRAVE WITH HELMET FROM CIUMEŞTI, Cluj-Napoca 2008.

XIV. D. Bondoc, N. Gudea, CASTRUL ROMAN DE LA RĂCARI. ÎNCERCARE DE MONOGRAFIE / THE ROMAN AUXILIARY FORT FROM RĂCARI. AN ATTEMPT OF MONOGRAPH, Cluj-Napoca 2009.

XV. Alexandru I. Gudea, SOLDATUL ROMAN ÎN DACIA (106–275 p. Chr.). STUDIU DE ARHEOZO-OLOGIE PRIVIND CREŞTEREA ANIMALELOR ŞI REGIMUL ALIMENTAR ÎN ARMATA ROMANĂ, Cluj-Napoca 2009.

XVI. Nicolae Gudea, Christiana Minora, STUDII, ARTICOLE ŞI NOTE ÎN LEGĂTURĂ CU CREŞTINISMUL TIMPURIU DIN DACIA ROMANĂ, DACIA POSTROMANĂ ŞI UNELE PROVINCII VECINE / STUDIEN, AUFSÄTZE UND NOTIZEN BETREFFEND DIE GESCHICHTE DES FRÜHEN CHRISTENTUMS IN DAKIEN, IN DEN DAKISCHEN PROVINZEN NACH AURELIAN’S RÜCKZUG UND IN EINIGEN NACH-BARPROVINZEN, Cluj-Napoca 2011.

XVII. Aurel Rustoiu, Mariana Egri, THE CELTS FROM THE CARPATHIAN BASIN BETWEEN CONTINEN-TAL TRADITIONS AND THE FASCINATION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN. A STUDY OF THE DANUBIAN KANTHAROI / CELŢII DIN BAZINUL CARPATIC ÎNTRE TRADIŢIILE CONTINENTALE ŞI FASCINA-ŢIA MEDITERANEI. UN STUDIU PRIVIND KANTHAROI-I DANUBIENI, Cluj-Napoca, 2011.

XVIII. Călin Cosma, FUNERARY POTTERY IN TRANSYLVANIA OF THE 7th–10th CENTURIES, Cluj-Napoca 2011.

XIX. Dumitru Tudor, Gheorghe Popilian, Dorel Bondoc, Nicolae Gudea, CASTRUL ROMAN DE LA SLĂVENI / DAS RÖMERGRENZKASTELL VON SLĂVENI, Cluj-Napoca 2011.

aurel rustoiu – mariana egri, a silver crossbow brooch from divici, caraş-severin county. in: c....

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