Антипин М.А., Гагинская А.Р. 2006. Птицы. Остров Гогланд....

Áèîëîãè÷åñêèé ÍÈÈÑàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãñêîãîãîñóäàðñòâåííîãîóíèâåðñèòåòà

Èíñòèòóò îêðóæàþùåéñðåäû Ìèíèñòåðñòâàîêðóæàþùåé ñðåäûÔèíëÿíäèè

Biological ResearchInstitute of the St PetersburgState University

Finnish Environment Instituteof the Finnish Ministryof the Environment

ÎÑÒÐÎÂ ÃÎÃËÀÍÄ

ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒÛ ÎÁÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß ÏÐÈÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑÎÂ

GOGLAND ISLANDRESULTS OF THE SURVEY OF THE NATURAL COMPLEXES

Ñàíêò-ÏåòåðáóðãSt Petersburg

2006

ÓÄÊ / UDC – 504. 2: 574. 34: 598. 41ÁÁÊ 28.088

Î–77

Èçäàíèå îïóáëèêîâàíî ïðè ïîääåðæêåÌèíèñòåðñòâà îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû Ôèíëÿíäèè

This book has been published with the financial supportfrom the Finnish Ministry of the Environment

Îñòðîâ Ãîãëàíä. Ðåçóëüòàòû îáñëåäîâàíèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ.Ïîä ðåä. Ãàãèíñêîé À. Ð., Íîñêîâà Ã. À.

Ôîòîãðàôèÿ íà îáëîæêå Àíòèïèí Ì. À.Äèçàéí îáëîæêè, ïðåäïå÷àòíàÿ ïîäãîòîâêà ôîòîãðàôèé Øàäðèí À. Å.Âåðñòêà Íèêàíîðîâà Å. Â.Àíãëèéñêèé òåêñò: Êèñëîâà Î. Ñ., Ãëàçêîâà Å. À.Êàðòîñõåìû Ðû÷êîâà À. Ë.

Gogland Island. Results of the survey of the natural complexes.

A. R. Gaginskaya, G. A. Noskov (Eds)

Cover photograph by Antipin M. A.Cover design by Shadrin A. E.Typeset by Nikanorova E. V.English text by Kislova O. S., Glazkova E. A.Maps by Rychkova A. L.

ISBN 5-89977-135-6

© Áèîëîãè÷åñêèé ÍÈÈ Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãñêîãî

ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà

© Biological Research Institute of the St Petersburg State University

ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ

ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1. ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ Î×ÅÐÊ ÎÑÒÐÎÂÀ ÃÎÃËÀÍÄ (À. Ð. Ãàãèíñêàÿ, Ã. À.Íîñêîâ) . . 7

HISTORY OF GOGLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2. ÊÐÀÒÊÎÅ ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÓÑËÎÂÈÉ

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURAL CONDITION

2.1. Êëèìàò (Å. À. Ãëàçêîâà) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.2. Ãåîëîãè÷åñêîå ñòðîåíèå (Ë. Ô. Áóëàâêî) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Geological structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.3. Ïî÷âåííûé ïîêðîâ (Ë. Ñ. Ñ÷àñòíàÿ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Soil cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.4. Ãèäðîãðàôèÿ (À. Ð. Ãàãèíñêàÿ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Hydrography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.5. Ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü è ôëîðàVegetation and flora

2.5.1. Ñîñóäèñòûå ðàñòåíèÿ (Å. À. Ãëàçêîâà) . . . . . . . . . . . 15Vascular Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.5.2. Ìîõîîáðàçíûå (Ì. Ã. Íîñêîâà, Å. Ë. Êóðáàòîâà) . . . . . . 20Bryophytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.5.3. Ëèøàéíèêè (Í. Ì. Àëåêñååâà) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Lichens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.6. ÔàóíàFauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.6.1. Íàñåêîìûå (Ñ. È. Ìåëüíèöêèé) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.6.2. Çåìíîâîäíûå è ïðåñìûêàþùèåñÿ (À. Ð. Ãàãèíñêàÿ) . . . . . . 25Amphibians and reptiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.6.3. Ïòèöû (Ì. À. Àíòèïèí, À. Ð. Ãàãèíñêàÿ) . . . . . . . . . 26Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.6.4. Çâåðè (À. Ð. Ãàãèíñêàÿ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3. ÎÁÚÅÊÒÛ, ÇÀÑËÓÆÈÂÀÞÙÈÅ ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÎÉ ÎÕÐÀÍÛ (À. Ð. Ãàãèíñêàÿ,Å. À. Ãëàçêîâà) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

OBJECTS DESERVING SPECIAL PROTECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4. ÎÁÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÖÅËÅÑÎÎÁÐÀÇÍÎÑÒÈ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÎÎÏÒ (Ã. À. Íîñêîâ) 34

SUBSTANTIATING PA DESIGNATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

5. ÊÐÀÒÊÎÅ ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÅÄËÀÃÀÅÌÛÕ ÎÎÏÒ

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PAS

5.1. Êîìïëåêñíûé çàêàçíèê «Ñóóð-Ñààðè» (À. Ð. Ãàãèíñêàÿ) . . . . . . . 37Suursaari complex sanctuary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

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5.2. Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ïàìÿòíèê ïðèðîäû «Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà» (À. Ð. Ãàãèíñêàÿ) . 38Pohjoiskorkia botanical nature monumen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

6. ÐÅÆÈÌ ÎÕÐÀÍÛ È ÏÐÈÐÎÄÎÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈßÍÀ ÏÐÅÄËÀÃÀÅÌÛÕ ÎÎÏÒ (Ã. À. Íîñêîâ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

CONSERVATION AND NATURE USE REGULATIONSFOR THE PROPOSED PAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ

APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ

Âñå, êòî ïîáûâàë íà Ãîãëàíäå, îòçûâàþòñÿ î íåì êàê îá îñòðîâå âåëè÷åñòâåííîé èóíèêàëüíîé êðàñîòû, íàñòîÿùåé ïðèðîäíîé «æåì÷óæèíå» Âîñòî÷íîé Áàëòèêè.

Ãîãëàíä — ñàìûé áîëüøîé îñòðîâ â ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà. Îí ðàñïîëî-æåí â 10 êì ê âîñòîêó îò ìîðñêîé ãðàíèöû Ðîññèè ñ Ôèíëÿíäèåé. Ñ ñåâåðà íà þã îñò-ðîâ âûòÿíóò ïðèìåðíî íà 11 êì, à åãî øèðèíà ñîñòàâëÿåò îò 1,5 äî 3 êì. Âñÿ ïëîùàäüîñòðîâà — 20,65 êâ. êì.

Øâåäñêîå íàçâàíèå îñòðîâà «Högeland» ïåðåâîäèòñÿ êàê «Âûñîêàÿ çåìëÿ». Äåéñòâè-òåëüíî, ïîäïëûâàÿ íà êîðàáëå ê îñòðîâó, âèäèøü âûñîêèå ãîðû, ïîêðûòûå ëåñîì, ñêà-ëèñòûå áåðåãà, ïî÷òè âåðòèêàëüíî óõîäÿùèå â âîäó, òó íåïîâòîðèìóþ êðàñîòó ñåâåðíîéïðèðîäû, ñòîëü õàðàêòåðíóþ äëÿ ëàíäøàôòîâ Âîñòî÷íîé Ôåííîñêàíäèè.

Ôèííû æå ñ íåçàïàìÿòíûõ âðåìåí íàçûâàëè îñòðîâ «Suur-Saari», â ïåðåâîäå —«Áîëüøàÿ çåìëÿ».

Îñòðîâ îòäåëÿåò çàïàäíóþ, áîëåå ãëóáîêîâîäíóþ è ñîëåíóþ ÷àñòü çàëèâà, îò âîñòî÷-íîé ÷àñòè — áîëåå ìåëêîâîäíîé è ïðåñíîé.

Ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèå êîîðäèíàòû îñòðîâà: 60î01' — 60

î06' ñ. ø.; 26

î56' — 27

î00' â. ä.

Áëèæàéøèé ôèíñêèé ãîðîä Êîòêà ðàñïîëîæåí â 43 êì ê ñåâåðî-âîñòîêó. Íà þãå ýñòîí-ñêîå ïîáåðåæüå çàëèâà íàõîäèòñÿ ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî â 55 êì, à îñòðîâ Áîëüøîé Òþòåðñ —þãî-âîñòî÷íåå, íà ðàññòîÿíèè 18,5 êì îò þæíîãî ãîãëàíäñêîãî ìûñà (êàðòà 1).

Ðàññòîÿíèå äî îñòðîâà îò Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãà ïî ïðÿìîé ñîñòàâëÿåò 180 êì, îòÓñòü-Ëóãè — 85 êì. Ðåéñîâûé òðàíñïîðò íà îñòðîâ íå çàõîäèò. Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíî Ãîã-ëàíä âõîäèò â ñîñòàâ Êèíãèñåïïñêîãî ðàéîíà Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè.

Ðåëüåô îñòðîâà ñèëüíî ðàñ÷ëåíåí, àáñîëþòíûå îòìåòêè âàðüèðóþò îò 108 ì â ñåâåð-íîé ÷àñòè (âîçâûøåííîñòü Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà) äî 175,7 ì â þæíîé (âîçâûøåííîñòü Ëîóíàò-êîðêèà). ×àñòî âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ñêàëüíûå óñòóïû âûñîòîé äî 10 ì è áîëåå, ìàêñèìàëüíîéâûñîòû (50—70 ì) îíè äîñòèãàþò íà çàïàäíûõ ñêëîíàõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé Ìÿêèèíïÿÿë-ëþñ è Õàóêêàâóîðè.

Âäîëü âîñòî÷íîãî è çàïàäíîãî ïîáåðåæèé ðàñïîëîæåíû íåáîëüøèå áóõòî÷êè è íå-ñêîëüêî ìàëåíüêèõ îñòðîâêîâ. Áåðåãà îñòðîâà â îñíîâíîì ñêàëèñòûå, â áóõòî÷êàõ — ãà-ëå÷íûå ñ âàëóíàìè, è òîëüêî â áóõòå Ñóóðêþëÿíëàõòè — ÷èñòûé ïåñ÷àíûé ïëÿæ. Ýòàçàìêíóòàÿ è óäîáíàÿ äëÿ ñóäîâ áóõòà íàõîäèòñÿ íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîêå îñòðîâà. Îíà çàùèùå-íà ìîëîì è èìååò ãëóáèíó ôàðâàòåðà íà âõîäå 4,2 ì, ïðè øèðèíå âõîäà â 90 ì. Þæíååáóõòû Ñóóðêþëÿíëàõòè ðàñïîëîæåíî ñòàðîå ôèíñêîå êëàäáèùå.

Íà îñòðîâå ôóíêöèîíèðóþò äâà ìàÿêà. Ñåâåðíûé Ãîãëàíäñêèé ìàÿê, ðàñïîëîæåííûéíà âîçâûøåííîñòè Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà, ïîñòðîåí ïðè Ïåòðå Âåëèêîì â 1723 ã. Þæíûé Ãîã-ëàíäñêèé ìàÿê áûë çàëîæåí â 1905 ã. ïî óêàçó Íèêîëàÿ Âòîðîãî. Ñ 2006 ã. ðàáîòàåòñòàíöèÿ äèñòàíöèîííîãî ñëåæåíèÿ çà ñóäàìè, ñîîðóæåííàÿ âáëèçè Þæíîãî ìàÿêà.

Åäèíñòâåííàÿ ãðóíòîâàÿ äîðîãà ïðîõîäèò ÷åðåç âåñü îñòðîâ, ñîåäèíÿÿ Ñåâåðíûé èÞæíûé ìàÿêè.

Êîìïëåêñíûå ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ýêñïåäèöèè Áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ÍÈÈ Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãñêîãîóíèâåðñèòåòà ïî èçó÷åíèþ îñòðîâîâ ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà, âêëþ÷àÿ îñòðîâÃîãëàíä, íà÷àòûå â 1991 ã. ïî èíèöèàòèâå è íåïîñðåäñòâåííîì ó÷àñòèè äèðåêòîðàÄ. Â. Îñèïîâà, ïðîâîäèëèñü åæåãîäíî äî 1995 ã. Çàòåì îíè áûëè ïðîäîëæåíû â2003—2004 ãã. â ðàìêàõ ñîâìåñòíûõ ïðîåêòîâ ÁèÍÈÈ è Öåíòðà îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäûÔèíëÿíäèè (ÖÎÑÔ). Â 2004 ã. èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîëó÷èëè ôèíàíñîâóþ ïîääåðæêó Ýêîëîãè-÷åñêîãî ôîíäà Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè.

Ãåîëîãè÷åñêîå èçó÷åíèå îñòðîâà áûëî íà÷àòî â 2001 ã. è ïðîäîëæåíî â2003—2004 ãã. Ñáîð ìàòåðèàëîâ äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè ïðîâîäèëñÿ Áîòàíè÷å-ñêèì èíñòèòóòîì ÐÀÍ â 1994—1998 ãã. è â 2004—2006 ãã.

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Â ñîñòàâ èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ãðóïï, âêëþ÷àþùèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ðàçíûõ ïðîôèëåé,âõîäèëè:

1. Àëåêñååâà Íàäåæäà Ìèõàéëîâíà — ñîòðóäíèê Áàëòèéñêîãî ôîíäà ïðèðîäûÑàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãñêîãî îáùåñòâà åñòåñòâîèñïûòàòåëåé, ëèõåíîëîã;

2. Àíòèïèí Ìàêñèì Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ — èíæåíåð Áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ÍÈÈ ÑÏáÃÓ, îðíè-òîëîã;

3. Áóëàâêî Ëåâ Ôåäîðîâè÷ — ãëàâíûé ñïåöèàëèñò ÃÏ «Ñåâåðîêâàðöñàìîöâåòû», ãåî-ëîã;

4. Ãàãèíñêàÿ Àííà Ðîìàíîâíà — ñòàðøèé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê Áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ÍÈÈÑÏáÃÓ, çîîëîã;

5. Ãëàçêîâà Åëåíà Àëåêñàíäðîâíà — êàíäèäàò áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, íàó÷íûé ñî-òðóäíèê Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî èíñòèòóòà èì. Êîìàðîâà (ÁÈÍ ÐÀÍ), ôëîðèñò-ñèñòåìà-òèê;

6. Èîâ÷åíêî Íàòàëüÿ Ïåòðîâíà — êàíäèäàò áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, ñòàðøèé íàó÷-íûé ñîòðóäíèê Áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ÍÈÈ ÑÏáÃÓ, îðíèòîëîã;

7. Ìåëüíèöêèé Ñòàíèñëàâ Èãîðåâè÷ — àñïèðàíò êàôåäðû ýíòîìîëîãèè ÑÏáÃÓ, ýí-òîìîëîã;

8. Íîñêîâ Ãåîðãèé Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ — çàâåäóþùèé ëàáîðàòîðèåé, ïðîôåññîð Áèîëîãè-÷åñêîãî ÍÈÈ ÑÏáÃÓ, ýêîëîã, îðíèòîëîã;

9. Íîñêîâà Ìàðèÿ Ãåîðãèåâíà — íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê Áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ÍÈÈ ÑÏáÃÓ,ãåîáîòàíèê;

10. Ñ÷àñòíàÿ Ëàðèñà Ñåìåíîâíà — êàíäèäàò áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, äîöåíò áèîëî-ãî-ïî÷âåííîãî ôàêóëüòåòà ÑÏáÃÓ, ïî÷âîâåä.

Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåäåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé áûëî âûÿñíåíî ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïðè-ðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ Ãîãëàíäà è ðàçðàáîòàíà êîíöåïöèÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ åãî óíèêàëüíîé ïðè-ðîäû ïóòåì îðãàíèçàöèè äâóõ ÎÎÏÒ.

INTRODUCTION

Gogland is the biggest island in the Russian part of the Gulf of Finland. It lies 10 km east of the sea borderbetween Russia and Finland. The island stretches north to south for about 11 km; its width varies from 1.5 to 3km, and the area is 20.65 sq. km. The straight-line distance to St. Petersburg is 180 km, to Ust’-Luga —85 km. There is no regular transport connection to the island. Administratively, Gogland falls into theKingisepp District, Leningrad Region.

The Swedish name of the island «Högeland» is translated as the «High land». The name Finns have tradi-tionally used for the island is «Suur-Saari», which translates as the «Great land».

Multidisciplinary ecological expeditions to the islands in the Russian Gulf of Finland started by the St.Petersburg University’s Biological Research Institute (BiNII) in 1991 continued annually until 1995. Theywere resumed in 2003—2004 within joint projects between BiNII and the Finnish Environment Institute(SYKE). In 2004, the studies received financial support from the Leningrad Region Environment Fund.

Geological research in the island began in 2001 and was continued in 2003—2004. Materials for vegeta-tion descriptions were gathered by the Russian Academy of Science Botanical Institute in 1994—1998 and in2004—2006.

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1. ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ Î×ÅÐÊ ÎÑÒÐÎÂÀ ÃÎÃËÀÍÄ

Îñòðîâ Ãîãëàíä èìååò áîãàòóþ ñîáûòèÿìè, âðåìåíàìè òðàãè÷íóþ èñòîðèþ.Åñòü äàííûå, ÷òî ñ íåçàïàìÿòíûõ âðåìåí íà îñòðîâå æèëè ñààìû. Îá ýòîì ñâèäåòåëü-

ñòâóþò íàéäåííûå íà âåðøèíàõ ñîïîê ñàêðàëüíûå îáúåêòû — êàìíè-øàïêè, ñåéäû,«àëòàðè», èìåþùèå ñõîäñòâî ñ êóëüòîâûìè ñîîðóæåíèÿìè ñààìîâ Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðî-âà (Ìèçèí, 2005). Â èñòîðè÷åñêè îáîçðèìîå âðåìÿ Ãîãëàíä âõîäèë â ñîñòàâ Øâåöèè.Ïðåäàíèÿ ãîâîðÿò î òîì, ÷òî äàëüíèå ïðåäêè îñòðîâèòÿí áûëè ïèðàòàìè è êîíòðàáàíäè-ñòàìè. Ýòè ëåãåíäû âïîëíå ïðàâäîïîäîáíû, òàê êàê îñòðîâ íàõîäèòñÿ îêîëî âàæíîãîòîðãîâîãî ïóòè, à ñêàëèñòûé ëàíäøàôò ïðåäñòàâëÿë ñîáîé ïðåêðàñíîå óáåæèùå äëÿôëèáóñòüåðîâ, ãðàáèâøèõ ñóäà, êîòîðûå øëè ñ çàïàäà â Íåâó è Íîâãîðîä (Õàâàñ, 1920).

Ê Ðîññèè îñòðîâ îòîøåë â 1743 ã. ïîñëå çàêëþ÷åíèÿ ñî Øâåöèåé ìèðíîãî äîãîâîðà.Â èþëå 1788 ã. ó Ãîãëàíäà ïðîèçîøëî ìîðñêîå ñðàæåíèå ìåæäó ðóññêèì è øâåäñêèìôëîòàìè, èçâåñòíîå êàê Ãîãëàíäñêîå ñðàæåíèå. Îíî çàâåðøèëîñü ïîáåäîé ðóññêîãî ôëî-òà, â ðåçóëüòàòå êîòîðîé Ðîññèÿ çàêðåïèëà çà ñîáîé ïðàâî âëàäåíèÿ îñòðîâîì.

Áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ïîäâîäíûõ è íàäâîäíûõ ñêàë ñëóæèëè ïðè÷èíîé ÷àñòûõ êîðàá-ëåêðóøåíèé ó áåðåãîâ Ãîãëàíäà. Â ïàìÿòè ñîâðåìåííèêîâ ñîõðàíèëàñü èñòîðèÿ ãèáåëèðóññêîãî òðåõìà÷òîâîãî ïàðóñíèêà «Àìåðèêà», ïðîèçîøåäøåé îêòÿáðüñêîé íî÷üþ1856 ã. Ñóäíî øëî ñ ãðóçîì áðåâåí è æåëåçà â Òàëëèí, íî, ïîïàâ â øòîðì ó ñåâåðî-âîñ-òî÷íîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ Ãîãëàíäà, íàëåòåëî íà ñêàëû è çàòîíóëî âáëèçè Ñåâåðíîãî ìàÿêà. Íàêëàäáèùå ó äåðåâíè Ñóóðêþëÿ ìîæíî âèäåòü äâå ìîãèëû, â êîòîðûõ áûëè ïîõîðîíåíû2 îôèöåðà è 34 ìàòðîñà ñ ðàçáèâøåãîñÿ êîðàáëÿ «Àìåðèêà». Â 1999 ã. îñòàòêè äðóãîãîçàòîíóâøåãî ïàðóñíèêà áûëè íàéäåíû ÷ëåíàìè ýñòîíñêîãî êëóáà «Èõòèàíäð» â áóõòåÌààõåëëè ó çàïàäíîãî áåðåãà îñòðîâà.

Ïîèñòèíå âñåñâåòíóþ èçâåñòíîñòü îñòðîâó ïðèíåñëè íàó÷íûå ýêñïåðèìåíòû À. Ñ. Ïî-ïîâà, êîãäà â êîíöå ÿíâàðÿ 1900 ã. âïåðâûå áûëà óñòàíîâëåíà ñâÿçü ïî áåñïðîâîëî÷íîìóòåëåãðàôó ìåæäó Ãîãëàíäîì è ôèíñêèì îñòðîâîì Êóòñàëî áëèç Êîòêè. Çíàìåíàòåëüíî,÷òî ïðè÷èíîé ïðîâåäåíèÿ èñïûòàíèé ðàäèîñâÿçè ÿâèëîñü òàêæå êðóøåíèå êîðàáëÿ.Áðîíåíîñåö «Ãåíåðàë-àäìèðàë Àïðàêñèí», ñëåäîâàâøèé íà çèìîâêó èç Êðîíøòàäòà âïîðò Ëèåïàÿ, 13 íîÿáðÿ 1899 ã. íàñêî÷èë íà ïîäâîäíóþ ñêàëó ó þãî-âîñòî÷íîãî ïîáåðå-æüÿ Ãîãëàíäà. Ñíÿòü åãî ñî ñêàëû â óñëîâèÿõ íàñòóïëåíèÿ çèìíåé ïîãîäû è áûñòðîãîîáðàçîâàíèÿ ëåäÿíîãî ïîêðîâà ó áåðåãîâ îñòðîâà íå ïðåäñòàâëÿëîñü âîçìîæíûì. Äëÿ îð-ãàíèçàöèè ñïàñàòåëüíûõ ðàáîò íåîáõîäèìî áûëî íàëàäèòü áåñïåðåáîéíóþ ñâÿçü ñ áëè-æàéøèì íàñåëåííûì ïóíêòîì, êîòîðûì áûë ãîðîä Êîòêà, à ÷åðåç íåãî — ñ Ïåòåðáóð-ãîì. Ïîñëå ðÿäà áåñïëîäíûõ ïîïûòîê ïî óñòàíîâëåíèþ ïåðâîé ëèíèè ðàäèîòåëåôîííîéñâÿçè 24 ÿíâàðÿ ñ âîçâûøåííîñòè Ëîóíàòêîðêèà (íàçûâàåìîé íûíå ñîïêà Ïîïîâà) íàêî-íåö óñïåøíî áûëà ïåðåäàíà ïåðâàÿ ðàäèîãðàììà. Â ïàìÿòü ýòîãî ñîáûòèÿ íà ìåñòå ïåð-âîãî ïåðåäàò÷èêà óñòàíîâëåíû ñòåëà è ïàìÿòíèê À. Ñ. Ïîïîâó.

Ñðåäè äðóãèõ èñòîðè÷åñêèõ äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòåé Ãîãëàíäà ìîæíî óïîìÿíóòü äâàïàìÿòíûõ àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèõ çíàêà. Ïåðâûé óñòàíîâëåí íà âîçâûøåííîñòè Ìÿêèèíïÿÿë-ëþñ è ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïàìÿòíóþ äîñêó ñ íàäïèñüþ «Ãåîäåçè÷åñêèé ïóíêò Ìÿêèèí-ïÿÿëëþñ çàëîæåí â 1826 ãîäó Â. ß Ñòðóâå. Äî Èñìàèëà 841657 òóàçîâ, äî Ãàììåðôàñòà660130 òóàçîâ

*. Ïåðâîå èçìåðåíèå äóãè ìåðèäèàíà â Ðîññèè ñ 1816 ïî 1855 ãã.». Íåäà-

ëåêî îò áóõòû Ñóóðêþëÿíëàõòè, â ëåñó, ó ðàçâèëêè äîðîãè, âåäóùåé ê Ñåâåðíîìó ìàÿ-êó, ñîîðóæåí äðóãîé ïàìÿòíèê, òîæå ïîñâÿùåííûé èçìåðåíèþ ìåðèäèàíà Â. ß. Ñòðóâå.Ýòîò àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé çíàê «Ãîãëàíä “Z”» áûë óñòàíîâëåí ñîòðóäíèêàìè Ïóëêîâñêîéîáñåðâàòîðèè îòíîñèòåëüíî íåäàâíî, â êîíöå 90-õ ãîäîâ ïðîøëîãî âåêà.

Ñ 1917 ã., êîãäà Ôèíëÿíäñêàÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà ïîëó÷èëà íåçàâèñèìîñòü, Ãîãëàíä îòîøåëê Ôèíëÿíäèè. Ñóùåñòâîâàëî äâå ôèíñêèå äåðåâíè — Ñóóðêþëÿ (ïåðåâîäèòñÿ êàê Áîëü-øàÿ äåðåâíÿ) è Êèèñêèíêþëÿ (Åðøîâàÿ äåðåâíÿ), íàñåëåíèå êîòîðûõ ñîñòàâëÿëî îêîëîòûñÿ÷è ÷åëîâåê, çàíèìàâøèõñÿ â îñíîâíîì ðûáîëîâñòâîì è ïðîìûñëîì òþëåíåé. Òàê,ïî äàííûì ïåðåïèñè 1929 ã., íà îñòðîâå æèëè 896 ÷åëîâåê. Äîáðîòíûå ôóíäàìåíòû äî-ìîâ, êàìåííûå îãðàäû, ðàñ÷èùåííûå ïîëÿ, âñå ýòè ñâèäåòåëüñòâà áûëîé ìèðíîé æèçíè

7

* Òóàç (ôð. tois) – ìåðà äëèíû, ðàâíàÿ 1,949 ì.

îñòðîâèòÿí ñîõðàíèëèñü íà ìåñòå áûâøèõ äåðåâåíü. Ïîñëå çàâåðøåíèÿ ñîâåòñêî-ôèí-ëÿíäñêîé âîéíû ïî óñëîâèÿì ìèðíîãî äîãîâîðà 1940 ã. Ãîãëàíä áûë ïåðåäàí ÑÑÑÐ.

Äðàìàòè÷åñêèå ñîáûòèÿ ðàçâåðíóëèñü ó îñòðîâà âî âðåìåíà Âòîðîé ìèðîâîé âîéíû.Â àâãóñòå 1941 ã. êîðàáëè, íà áîðòó êîòîðûõ íàõîäèëèñü áåæåíöû — äåòè, æåíùèíû,ïûòàëèñü ïðîðâàòüñÿ èç îñàæäåííîãî Òàëëèíà â Êðîíøòàäò, íî áûëè óíè÷òîæåíû íå-ìåöêèé àâèàöèåé. Ìîðÿêè îòðÿäà êîðàáëåé ïîä êîìàíäîâàíèåì àäìèðàëà È. Ã. Ñâåòîâàñïàñëè áîëåå 12 òûñÿ÷ ÷åëîâåê, îêàçàâøèõñÿ â âîäå. Ïî çàâåùàíèþ àäìèðàëà åãî ïîõî-ðîíèëè â 1983 ã. íà áåðåãó áóõòû Ñóóðêþëÿíëàõòè ðÿäîì ñ ìîãèëîé ïîãèáøèõ âîèíîâ.Íà ýòîì ìåñòå ñîîðóæåí îáåëèñê.

Â âîåííûå ãîäû íà îñòðîâå âåëèñü îæåñòî÷åííûå áîè ìåæäó ñîâåòñêèìè, ôèíñêèìè èíåìåöêèìè âîéñêàìè, îáùåå êîëè÷åñòâî ïîãèáøèõ çäåñü ëþäåé òðóäíî îöåíèòü (Â. Öà-ðåâñêèé, 2003). Ïàìÿòíèêîì ïîãèáøèì âîèíàì ñëóæèò ñòàðûé äåðåâÿííûé êðåñò, ïî-ñòàâëåííûé íà áåðåãó îçåðà Ëèèâàëàõäåíúÿðâè.

Â ïîñëåâîåííûå ãîäû íà îñòðîâå áûëè ñîçäàíû îáîðîíèòåëüíûå ñîîðóæåíèÿ, ðàçâåð-íóòà ìîùíàÿ ðàäèîëîêàöèîííàÿ ñòàíöèÿ ïðîòèâîâîçäóøíîé îáîðîíû, äåìîíòèðîâàííàÿíåñêîëüêî ëåò òîìó íàçàä. Ñåé÷àñ íà îñòðîâå ñóùåñòâóåò ëèøü íåáîëüøîé ïîãðàíè÷íûéïîñò è ïðîæèâàþò ñîòðóäíèêè íàâèãàöèîííîé ñëóæáû, îáñëóæèâàþùèå ìàÿêè, à òàêæåñîòðóäíèêè ìåòåîðîëîãè÷åñêîé ñòàíöèè, äåéñòâóþùåé íà îñòðîâå ñ ñåðåäèíû XIX âåêà.Â 2004—2005 ãã. êîëè÷åñòâî ïðîæèâàþùèõ íà îñòðîâå ëþäåé âðåìåííî óâåëè÷èëîñü âñâÿçè ñî ñòðîèòåëüñòâîì ðàäèîëîêàöèîííîé ñòàíöèè ñëåæåíèÿ çà ñóäàìè. Ó áóõòû Ñóóð-êþëÿíëàõòè ïîëíûì õîäîì èäåò ñòðîèòåëüñòâî òóðèñòè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà. Ïîñòðîåíà äâóõ-ýòàæíàÿ ãîñòèíèöà åâðîêëàññà, óæå ïðèíèìàþùàÿ òóðèñòîâ. Ñîîðóæåíî íåñêîëüêî ïîä-ñîáíûõ ïîñòðîåê, â òîì ÷èñëå ñàóíà.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, èç îñòðîâà-ôîðïîñòà íà ãðàíèöå ðîññèéñêèõ òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ âîäÃîãëàíä ïîñòåïåííî ïðåâðàùàåòñÿ â òóðèñòè÷åñêóþ Ìåêêó Âîñòî÷íîé Áàëòèêè.

HISTORY OF GOGLAND

The history of the island is rich in events, tragic at times. Within historic memory, Gogland used to be part ofSweden. It was annexed to Russia in 1743, following a peace treaty with Sweden.

Shipwrecks were frequent around Gogland because of the great number of underwater and above-water rockssurrounding it. Contemporaries remembered the story of the Russian three-master «America», which perished on anOctober night of 1856. Hit by a heavy storm at Gogland’s north-eastern shore, the ship was thrown onto rocks andsank near the Northern Lighthouse.

What made the island truly world-famous were Popov’s scientific experiments in which wireless connectionwas for the first time established between Gogland and the Finnish Island of Kutsalo near Kotka late in January1900.

Among the historic attractions of Gogland one must mention two memorial geodetic signs erected in memoryof Struve’s work on meridian arc measurement. One of them stands on the Mäkipäällys hill, the other one — in aforest, by a fork in the road leading to the Northern Lighthouse.

In 1917, when the Finnish Republic became independent, Gogland was passed over to Finland. There were twoFinnish villages on the island — Suurkylä and Kiiskinkylä, which population was about a thousand people, mostlyfishermen and seal hunters. Sturdy house foundations, stone fences, cleared fields — all these signs of past peacefullife of the island’s inhabitants can still be seen in the places where the villages used to stand. After the Soviet-Finnishwar was over, Gogland was ceded to the USSR, as stipulated in the 1940 peace treaty.

Dramatic events took place by the island during World War II. In August 1941, ships carrying refugees — chil-dren and women, tried to break through from the besieged Tallinn to Kronstadt, but were crushed by German air-crafts. Sailors from the ships commanded by Admiral Svetov saved more than 12 thousand people from the water.Pursuant to the Admiral’s last will, he was buried on the shore of the Suurkylänlahti Bay in 1983. An obelisk standsover the grave.

After the war, fortifications were built on the island and a powerful air-raid radar station was installed, whichwas dismantled several years ago. At present, there is only a small frontier post and a group of navigation serviceofficers attending the lighthouses, as well as staff of the weather station operating on the island since the mid-19th

century. In 2004—2005, the number of people on the island grew temporarily in connection with the constructionof the ship-tracking radar station. Construction of a tourist centre is in full swing at Suurkylänlahti Bay.

Thus, Gogland is gradually turning from the outpost-island on the border of Russian territorial waters intothe East Baltic tourist Mecca.

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2. ÊÐÀÒÊÎÅ ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÍÛÕ ÓÑËÎÂÈÉBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURAL CONDITION

2.1. ÊËÈÌÀÒ

Êëèìàò îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ âëèÿíèåì Áàëòèéñêîãî ìîðÿ. Åãî ìîæíî îõà-ðàêòåðèçîâàòü êàê ìîðñêîé, ñ íåáîëüøèìè ãîäîâûìè êîëåáàíèÿìè òåìïåðàòóðû, ïîâû-øåííîé âëàæíîñòüþ âîçäóõà, íåóñòîé÷èâûì ðåæèìîì ïîãîäû.

Ïî äàííûì ãîãëàíäñêîé ìåòåîñòàíöèè, ñðåäíÿÿ òåìïåðàòóðà âîçäóõà íà Ãîãëàíäå ñî-ñòàâëÿåò 4,5ºÑ.

Èçìåíåíèå ñðåäíèõ çíà÷åíèé òåìïåðàòóðû âîçäóõà (°C) íà Ãîãëàíäå â òå÷åíèå ãîäà

Fluctuation of the average air temperature (°C) at the Gogland Island during the year

ßíâ.

Jan.

Ôåâð.

Feb.

Ìàðò

Mar.

Àïð.

Apr.

Ìàé

May

Èþíü

June

Èþëü

July

Àâã.

Aug.

Ñåíò.

Sept.

Îêò.

Oct.

Íîÿá.

Nov.

Äåê.

Dec.

-5,3 -6,2 -3,4 1,2 6,9 11,9 16,4 15,6 11,7 6,2 1,8 -2,3

Ñàìûé õîëîäíûé ìåñÿö — ôåâðàëü, ìèíèìàëüíàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà ìîæåò äîñòèãàòü ìè-íóñ 28

îÑ. Ñàìûé òåïëûé ìåñÿö — èþëü, åãî ìèíèìàëüíàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà — ïëþñ 5,3

îÑ,

ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ — ïëþñ 26îÑ.

Â ìàðòå ñðåäíÿÿ òåìïåðàòóðà íà îñòðîâàõ è ïîáåðåæüÿõ Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà ïî÷òè îäè-íàêîâàÿ (Êëèìàòè÷åñêèé àòëàñ ÑÑÑÐ, 1960; Àòëàñ Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè, 1967), íî íà-÷èíàÿ ñ àïðåëÿ âîçäóõ íà ïîáåðåæüå ïðîãðåâàåòñÿ áûñòðåå, è ðàçíèöà ïðèáðåæíûõ èîñòðîâíûõ òåìïåðàòóð ñîñòàâëÿåò ïî÷òè 2—3 ãðàäóñà. Ïî ìåðå íàãðåâàíèÿ âîäû â çàëè-âå ýòà ðàçíèöà óìåíüøàåòñÿ, è óæå ñî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû ëåòà íà îñòðîâàõ ñòàíîâèòñÿòåïëåå, ÷åì â ïðèáðåæíûõ ðàéîíàõ. Òåïëûé ïåðèîä, êîãäà òåìïåðàòóðà âûøå 0º, íà îñò-ðîâå ñîñòàâëÿåò 240—250 äíåé â ãîäó. Çàìîðîçêè íà îñòðîâå ïðåêðàùàþòñÿ ïîçäíåå, ÷åìíà ïîáåðåæüå, òîëüêî â êîíöå ìàÿ. Âåãåòàöèîííûé ïåðèîä ó ðàñòåíèé ñîñòàâëÿåò165—180 äíåé.

Ñðåäíåãîäîâîå êîëè÷åñòâî îñàäêîâ êîëåáëåòñÿ îò 560 äî 700 ìì. Ìåíüøå âñåãî îñàä-êîâ âûïàäàåò â çèìíåå âðåìÿ, îñîáåííî â ôåâðàëå — ìàðòå (17—25 ìì). Íàèáîëüøåå êî-ëè÷åñòâî îñàäêîâ — â àâãóñòå (70—90 ìì). Ñðåäíåå ÷èñëî äíåé ñ îñàäêàìè ñîñòàâëÿåò150—170 â ãîäó. Ñ êîíöà íîÿáðÿ îñàäêè ÷àñòî âûïàäàþò â âèäå ìîêðîãî ñíåãà.

Ïîñòîÿííûé ñíåæíûé ïîêðîâ óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ â ÿíâàðå, åãî âûñîòà ðåäêî ïðåâûøàåò40 ñì.

Ëåäîâûé ïîêðîâ íà çàëèâå â ðàéîíå Ãîãëàíäà îáðàçóåòñÿ â íîÿáðå—äåêàáðå, êîãäàòåìïåðàòóðà âîäû ïîíèæàåòñÿ äî ìèíóñ 0,1 — ìèíóñ 0,4ºÑ. Ëèøü â ñóðîâûå çèìû çàëèâïîêðûâàåòñÿ ëüäîì îò Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãñêîãî ïîðòà äî Ãîãëàíäà. Ñ êîíöà äåêàáðÿ îáû÷-íî ôîðìèðóåòñÿ ëåäîñòàâ, ïðîäîëæàþùèéñÿ â îáû÷íûå çèìû 3—4 ìåñÿöà (Àòëàñ ëüäîâ,1969).

Â ðàéîíå Ãîãëàíäà ãîñïîäñòâóþò çàïàäíûå è þãî-çàïàäíûå âåòðû. Îñåíüþ è çèìîé÷àñòû çàïàäíûå è þæíûå âåòðû, â ìàå—èþíå ó÷àùàþòñÿ âåòðû ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íûõ íà-ïðàâëåíèé. Ñðåäíåãîäîâàÿ ñêîðîñòü âåòðà ñîñòàâëÿåò 3—6 ì/ñåê. Îñîáåííî ñèëüíû âåò-ðû ñ íîÿáðÿ ïî ÿíâàðü, â ïåðèîäû ñàìîé ñèëüíîé öèêëîíè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè.

Ïðè ïîñòîÿííûõ øòîðìàõ çàïàäíîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ è áîëüøîì çíà÷åíèè ñèëû âåòðàâûñîòà âîëí ìîæåò äîñòèãàòü 7—8 ìåòðîâ.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, êëèìàò îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä, íàõîäÿùèéñÿ ïîä âëèÿíèåì àòëàíòè÷åñêèõâîçäóøíûõ ìàññ, ïåðèîäè÷íûõ âòîðæåíèé àðêòè÷åñêîãî âîçäóõà, àêòèâíîé öèêëîíè÷å-ñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè (Âèòâèöêèé, 1966), îòëè÷àåòñÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî òåïëîé çèìîé, ïðîõëàä-íûì ëåòîì è íåñòàáèëüíîñòüþ ïîãîäû.

9

CLIMATE

The climate at the Gogland Island is formed under primary influence of the Baltic Sea. It can be describedas maritime, with low annual temperature variations, high air humidity, relatively warm winter, cool summerand unsteady weather.

2.2. ÃÅÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÑÒÐÎÅÍÈÅ

Èçó÷åíèå ãåîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñòðîåíèÿ îñòðîâà íà÷àëîñü â êîíöå XIX âåêà Ôèíëÿíäñêèìãåîëîãè÷åñêèì îáùåñòâîì. Â 1881—1891 ãã. Ãîãëàíä èçó÷àë ôèíñêèé ãåîëîã Â. Ðàìñåé(Ramsay, 1890). Ñîñòàâëåííàÿ èì ïåðâàÿ ãåîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êàðòà îñòðîâà îïóáëèêîâàíà â ðà-áîòå Å. Êðàíêà (Kranck, 1928).

Íàèáîëåå ïîëíàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ãåîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñòðîåíèÿ Ãîãëàíäà äàíà â îò÷åòåÕ. ß. Êîïïåëüìàà, ß. ß. Êèâèñèëëà è äð. «Ðåçóëüòàòû äåòàëüíîãî èçó÷åíèÿ êðèñòàëëè-÷åñêîãî ôóíäàìåíòà î. Ñóóðñààðè (Ãîãëàíä)» ïî ðàáîòàì Òåìàòè÷åñêîé ãåîëîãè÷åñêîéïàðòèè Óïðàâëåíèÿ ãåîëîãèè ÑÌ ÝÑÑÐ â 1969—1970 ãã.

Â ðàáîòå Õ. Êîïïåëüìàà è äð. (1970 ô) ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíû äàííûå, óòî÷íÿþùèå òåê-òîíè÷åñêóþ ïîçèöèþ îñòðîâà â îáùåé ñòðóêòóðå Áàëòèéñêîãî êðèñòàëëè÷åñêîãî ùèòà.

Ñ 2001 ã. âîçîáíîâèëîñü äåòàëüíîå èçó÷åíèå ãåîëîãèè îñòðîâà. Ïîëó÷åííûå ìàòåðèà-ëû ïîçâîëèëè óòî÷íèòü ñòðóêòóðó ãîðíûõ ïîðîä è îöåíèòü çàïàñû äåêîðàòèâíûõ ïîäå-ëî÷íûõ êàìíåé (Áóëàâêî, 2001 ô).

Â ñòðîåíèè íèæíåãî ÿðóñà çàïàäíîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ îñòðîâà ó÷àñòâóþò ãðàíèòîãíåéñû,ëåïòèòû, ëåïòèòîâûå è ñëþäèñòûå ãíåéñû è ìåòàáàçèòû ëàäîæñêîé ñåðèè.

Ãðàíèòîãíåéñû ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîé ñðåäíåçåðíèñòûå, ðåæå ìåëêîçåðíèñòûå ïîðîäûñâåòëî-ñåðîãî è ðîçîâàòî-ñåðîãî öâåòà, ñîñòîÿùèå èç êâàðöà (äî 50%), ïîëåâûõ øïàòîâ,áèîòèòà è ðîãîâîé îáìàíêè. Ïî ïðîñòèðàíèþ îíè ïåðåõîäÿò â ëåïòèòû, ëåïòèòîâûå, èñëþäÿíûå ãíåéñû, òàê êàê îáðàçîâàëèñü çà ñ÷åò èõ ïåðåêðèñòàëëèçàöèè è ìèãìàòèçà-öèè. Ïî õèìè÷åñêîìó ñîñòàâó ãðàíèòîãíåéñû áëèçêè ê ãðàíèòàì.

Ëåïòèòû (êâàðö-ïîëåâîøïàòîâûå ãíåéñû) îáíàæàþòñÿ â ñåâåðíîé ïîëîâèíå çàïàäíîé÷àñòè îñòðîâà. Ýòî òîíêî- è ìåëêîçåðíèñòûå ïîðîäû ñåðîãî è ðîçîâàòî-ñåðîãî öâåòà.

Ñëþäÿíûå (ìóñêîâèò-áèîòèòîâûå) ãíåéñû áîëåå ðàçâèòû íà þãî-çàïàäíîì ïîáåðåæüå,çàëåãàÿ â âèäå ïëàñòîâ èëè ëèíç ñðåäè äðóãèõ ãíåéñîâ. Ýòî ïîðîäû ñâåòëî-ñåðîãî èëè ñå-ðîãî öâåòà, èíîãäà ñ ðîçîâàòûì îòòåíêîì, ìåëêî- è ñðåäíåçåðíèñòîãî ñëîæåíèÿ.

Ìåòàáàçèòû ÷àùå çàëåãàþò â âèäå ìàëîìîùíûõ (0,5—5 ì) ïðîñëîåâ è ëèíç ñðåäèðàçëè÷íûõ ãíåéñîâ, íî èíîãäà îáðàçóþò ïà÷êè ìîùíîñòüþ äî 300 ì. Âûäåëÿþòñÿ òîíêî-è ìåëêîçåðíèñòûå àìôèáîëèòû, ïîðôèðîáëàñòè÷åñêèå àìôèáîëèòû, áèîòèò-àìôèáîëî-âûå. Íàèáîëüøèé èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ðîãîâîîáìàíêîâûå àìôèáîëèòû — òåìíî-ñåðûåäî ÷åðíîãî ìàññèâíûå ïîðîäû — è àêòèíîëèò-òðåìîëèòîâûå àìôèáîëèòû, âñòðå÷àþùèå-ñÿ íà þãå îñòðîâà.

Ñ ãåîëîãè÷åñêîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ íàèáîëåå èíòåðåñíûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ Öåíòðàëüíûé ìàññèâ.Îí ðàñïîëîæåí â çàïàäíîé ïîëîâèíå öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâà è òÿíåòñÿ ñ ñåâåðà íàþã íà 3 êì. Íà âîñòîêå ïîðîäû ìàññèâà ïåðåêðûâàþòñÿ ïëàòôîðìåííûìè îòëîæåíèÿìèõîãëàíäèÿ, à íà çàïàäå (ïî äàííûì àýðîìàãíèòíîé ñúåìêè) ïðîñëåæèâàþòñÿ åùå ïðè-ìåðíî íà 2 êì â ãëóáü àêâàòîðèè Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà.

Ñåâåðíàÿ ÷àñòü ìàññèâà ïðåäñòàâëåíà ÷åðåäîâàíèåì «ñëîåâ» ïåðèäîòèòîâ, ïèðîêñåíè-òîâ, ãàááðî-ïèðîêñåíèòîâ, îëèâèíîâûõ ãàááðî-íîðèòîâ è ãàááðî-íîðèòîâ ðàçëè÷íîé ìîù-íîñòè. Þæíàÿ ÷àñòü ñëîæåíà ãàááðî-ïèðîêñåíèòàìè, ãàááðî-íîðèòàìè è ãàááðî.

Ïåðèäîòèòû — ñðåäíå- è êðóïíîçåðíèñòûå ïîðîäû, òåìíî-ñåðûå è ÷åðíûå, ñ áóðûìîòòåíêîì, ñîñòîÿùèå èç îëèâèíà (30—50%) è ïèðîêñåíîâ. Â íèõ ÷àñòî ïðèñóòñòâóþòðóäíûå ìèíåðàëû (ìàãíåòèò, ïèððîòèí, ïèðèò, õàëüêîïèðèò, õðîìèò). Ïèðîêñåíèòû —÷åðíûå ñ çåëåíîâàòûì îòòåíêîì ñðåäíå- è êðóïíîçåðíèñòûå ïîðîäû, ñîñòîÿùèå èç îáðà-çîâàííûõ ïî ïèðîêñåíàì àìôèáîëîâ.

Ïåðèäîòèòû è ïèðîêñåíèòû, ó÷èòûâàÿ èõ êðóïíîçåðíèñòóþ ñòðóêòóðó, ðàçðóøàþòñÿáûñòðåå îñòàëüíûõ ïîðîä ìàññèâà, ïîýòîìó íà ó÷àñòêàõ èõ âûõîäîâ íà ïîáåðåæüå ñôîð-ìèðîâàëèñü áóõòû.

10

Â îòëè÷èå îò ïåðèäîòèòîâ è ïèðîêñåíèòîâ, ãàááðîèäû, êàê áîëåå ýðîçèîííî-óñòîé÷è-âûå ïîðîäû, ôîðìèðóþò ìûñû. Ìûñ Ëèìîííèêîâà, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèé ñîáîé îáíàæåííûéãàááðîâûé «õîëì» âûñîòîé îêîëî 20 ì, âûäàåòñÿ â ìîðå ïî÷òè íà 400 ì.

Íàèáîëåå âûñîêèå àáñîëþòíûå îòìåòêè â Öåíòðàëüíîì ìàññèâå ïðèõîäÿòñÿ íà ó÷àñò-êè, ñôîðìèðîâàííûå ãàááðî, îíè äîñòèãàþò 100 ì, îáðàçóÿ ñêàëüíûå óñòóïû âûñîòîé äî10—20 ì. Ãðàíèòîèäíûå ïîðîäû øèðîêî ðàçâèòû â çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâà. Þæíûéìàññèâ ãðàíèòîâ íà þãî-çàïàäíîì ïîáåðåæüå èìååò ðàçìåðû 600 × 150 ì è ñëîæåí îäíî-îáðàçíûìè ñåðûìè êðóïíîçåðíèñòûìè ãðàíèòàìè ñ ðîçîâûìè æèëàìè.

Ìèãìàòèòû è ãðàíèòîãíåéñû ðàçâèòû â ëåïòèòîâûõ è ñëþäÿíûõ ãíåéñàõ Öåíòðàëü-íîãî ìàññèâà. Åãî þãî-çàïàäíàÿ ÷àñòü ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíîñòüþ ñëîæåíà êðàñíîâàòûìèìåëêî-ñðåäíåçåðíèñòûìè ãíåéñîãðàíèòàìè, àãìàòèòîâûìè è âåíèòîâûìè ìåëêîçåðíè-ñòûìè ìèãìàòèòàìè.

Íà ïîðîäàõ êðèñòàëëè÷åñêîãî ôóíäàìåíòà çàëåãàþò îñàäî÷íûå è ýôôóçèâíûå îáðàçî-âàíèÿ õîãëàíäñêîé ñâèòû. Â ñòðîåíèè ýòîãî ïîêðîâà âûäåëÿþòñÿ êâàðöèòî-êîíãëîìåðà-òîâàÿ, íèæíÿÿ ïîðôèðîâàÿ, ïîðôèðèòîâàÿ è âåðõíÿÿ ïîðôèðîâàÿ ïà÷êè.

Ïëàñò êîíãëîìåðàòîâ è êâàðöèòîâ ìîùíîñòüþ äî 20 ì âûõîäèò íà ïîâåðõíîñòü øè-ðèíîé 200—300 ì â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâà. Â åãî þæíîé ÷àñòè îòìå÷àþòñÿ ëèøü ìåë-êèå ðàçðîçíåííûå âûõîäû. Êâàðöèòû îò ìåëêî- äî ñðåäíåçåðíèñòûõ, ñîñòîÿò èç êâàðöà(85—90%) ñ ïðèìåñüþ õëîðèòà (5—10%), ñåðèöèòà (2—4%) è ýïèäîòà (3—5%). Êâàðöè-òû ïîñòåïåííî ïåðåõîäÿò â êâàðöèòîâûå êîíãëîìåðàòû, êîòîðûå ñîñòîÿò èç ãàëüêè ñåðî-ãî è áåëîãî öâåòà. Â íàèáîëåå ìîùíûõ ñëîÿõ ÷àñòî ïðèñóòñòâóåò ãàëüêà ôèîëåòîâûõ,êðàñíûõ, èíîãäà âèøíåâûõ êâàðöèòîâ, îñîáåííî â íèçàõ êîíãëîìåðàòîâ ïåðâîé ïà÷êè.Ðàçìåð ãàëåê îò 2—3 äî 30 ñì â ïîïåðå÷íèêå (ïðåîáëàäàåò 5—15 ñì), îíà õîðîøî îêàòà-íà, îêðóãëîé èëè ïðîäîëãîâàòîé ôîðìû. Êâàðöèò ãàëåê ìàññèâíûé, èíîãäà ïîëîñ÷àòûé,îáóñëîâëåííûé ÷åðåäîâàíèåì ïîëîñ ðàçíîãî öâåòà ìîùíîñòüþ äî 5—6 ìì. Ñîñòàâ ãàëåê:êâàðö (97—98%), ñåðèöèò (2—3%), ãåìàòèò, öèðêîí, òóðìàëèí.

Çíà÷èòåëüíî ðåæå â êîíãëîìåðàòàõ âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ãàëüêè æåëòîé, ôèîëåòîâîé èëè ñå-ðîé àôàíèòîâîé ïîðîäû ñ ìàññèâíîé èëè ïîëîñ÷àòîé òåêñòóðîé, ïîõîæåé íà õàëöåäîí.Èõ ðàçìåðû íå áîëåå 15 ñì.

Õàðàêòåðíîé îñîáåííîñòüþ êîíãëîìåðàòîâ õîãëàíäñêîãî ãîðèçîíòà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîëíîåîòñóòñòâèå â ãàëå÷íîì ìàòåðèàëå è â öåìåíòå îáëîìêîâ ïîðîä èç ïîäñòèëàþùåãî êðèñ-òàëëè÷åñêîãî ôóíäàìåíòà è èõ ïðàêòè÷åñêè ñòîïðîöåíòíûé êâàðöèòîâûé ñîñòàâ, õîòÿáëèæàéøèå âûõîäû êâàðöèòîâ ïðîñòðàíñòâåííî î÷åíü óäàëåíû îò îñòðîâà.

Çàëåãàþùàÿ íà êâàðöèòî-êîíãëîìåðàòîâîé íèæíÿÿ ïîðôèðîâàÿ òîëùà âûäåëåíàÞ. Á. Áîãäàíîâûì (1999 ô) â ñêàëüíîì îáðûâå âûñîòîé 6 ì â 800 ì ê çàïàäó îò áåðåãàÑóóðêþëÿíëàõòè. Çäåñü îáíàæàþòñÿ òåìíî-ñåðûå ñ çåëåíîâàòûì îòòåíêîì êâàðö-ïîëå-âîøïàòîâûå ïîðôèðû ñ êðóïíûìè (äî 5 ìì) îêðóãëûìè âûäåëåíèÿìè òåìíîãî êâàðöà èëåéñòàìè (äî 1 × 3 ñì) êàëèåâîãî ïîëåâîãî øïàòà (äî 30%).

Ïîðôèðèòîâàÿ òîëùà îáðàçóåò ëèíçîîáðàçíûå çàëåæè â ïîíèæåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ äðåâ-íåãî ðåëüåôà. Ìîùíîñòü òîëùè äîñòèãàåò 40 ì. Åå âûõîäû ñïîðàäè÷åñêè ïðîñëåæèâàþò-ñÿ óçêîé ïîëîñîé âäîëü çàïàäíîé ãðàíèöû õîãëàíäñêîé ñâèòû.

Ãèïñîìåòðè÷åñêè âûøå ðàñïîëîæåíà ïà÷êà ïëîòíûõ ìàññèâíûõ ÷åðíûõ ñ òåìíî-çåëå-íûì îòòåíêîì ìèíäàëåêàìåííûõ áàçàëüòîâ. «Ìèíäàëèíû» èìåþò äèàìåòð äî 30 ìì,ïðåäñòàâëåíû ìåëêîçåðíèñòîé áåëîé ìàññîé è ñîñòàâëÿþò äî 3—5% îáúåìà ïîðîäû.Ìîùíîñòü ïà÷êè áàçàëüòîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 3—4 ì.

Âûøå áàçàëüòîâ ïî ðàçðåçó — ïëàãèîïîðôèðèòû. Îíè îòëè÷àþòñÿ áîëåå ñâåòëîéîêðàñêîé è ïðèñóòñòâèåì âêðàïëåííèêîâ ñâåòëîãî ïëàãèîêëàçà (äî 20 ìì) â êîëè÷åñòâåîò 20 äî 50%. Ìîùíîñòü ïà÷êè ïëàãèîïîðôèðèòîâ îêîëî 10 ì.

Ïîðôèðèòû ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâà îòëè÷àþòñÿ áîëüøèì êîëè÷åñòâîì ôåíîêðèñòàë-ëîâ ëàáðàäîðà (äî 70%) è áîëüøèìè èõ ðàçìåðàìè (äî 4 × 1 ñì). Â þæíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâàñîäåðæàíèå âêðàïëåííèêîâ ïëàãèîêëàçà óìåíüøàåòñÿ âäâîå.

Êâàðö-ïîëåâîøïàòîâûå ïîðôèðû âåðõíåé ïîðôèðîâîé òîëùè ñëàãàþò íå ìåíåå 50%ïëîùàäè îñòðîâà (åãî âîñòî÷íóþ ïîëîâèíó) è îáðàçóþò ñïëîøíîé ïîêðîâ, çàëåãàþùèéíà îáðàçîâàíèÿõ ïðåäøåñòâóþùèõ òîëù. Ýòî ïîðôèðîâûå ïîðîäû ñ àôàíèòîâîé èëèñòåêëîâàòîé îñíîâíîé ìàññîé, ìàññèâíûå, êðåïêèå, ñ íåïðàâèëüíûì èëè ðàêîâèñòûì èç-ëîìîì. Öâåò ïîðîäû ðàçëè÷íûé — ñåðûé (ïðåîáëàäàåò), êðàñíîâàòî-êîðè÷íåâûé íà âîç-âûøåííîñòÿõ Òåðâàìÿêè, Âÿëèêàëëèî, Õàóêêàâóîðè, æåëòîâàòî-çåëåíûé íà Ëîóíàòêîð-êèà, ðåäêî òåìíî-ñåðî-ôèîëåòîâûé, äî ÷åðíîãî. Âêðàïëåííèêè (äî 20—50% îáúåìà)

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ïðåäñòàâëåíû êðàñíûì îðòîêëàçîì, ìèêðîêëèíîì è ÷åðíûì êâàðöåì ñ ðàçìåðàìè äî0,5—2 ñì â ïîïåðå÷íèêå.

Âîçâûøåííîñòü Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàìûì ñåâåðíûì ìàññèâîì êâàðö-ïîëå-âîøïàòîâûõ ïîðôèðîâ, îáëàäàþùèì âûñîêèìè äåêîðàòèâíûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè. Íàè-áîëåå êðóïíûé ìàññèâ ïîðôèðîâ îáúåäèíÿåò âîçâûøåííîñòè Ìÿêèèíïÿÿëëþñ è Õàóêêà-âóîðè. Îí òÿíåòñÿ ñ ñåâåðà íà þã îò áóõòû Ñóóðêþëÿíëàõòè íà 2,5 êì ïðè øèðèíå äî1,5 êì.

Â ðàñïîëîæåííûõ þæíåå ìàññèâàõ Òåðâàìÿêè è Âÿëèêàëëèî ïîðôèðû èìåþò êîðè÷-íåâóþ îêðàñêó, ñîäåðæàíèå âêðàïëåííèêîâ ïîëåâîãî øïàòà óìåíüøàåòñÿ, à êâàðöà —óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ (äî 20—25%). Ìàññèâ Ëîóíàòêîðêèà ñëîæåí â îñíîâíîì ïëàãèîêëàçîâû-ìè ïîðôèðàìè, â êîòîðûõ âìåñòî ðîçîâîãî è êðàñíîâàòîãî ïîëåâîãî øïàòà âêðàïëåííè-êè ïðåäñòàâëåíû êðèñòàëëàìè áåëîãî èëè ñâåòëî-ñåðîãî ïëàãèîêëàçà.

Âóëêàíîãåííàÿ òîëùà õîãëàíäèÿ îáðàçîâàíà, êàê ïðåäïîëîæèë åùå Â. Ðàìñåé, èçåäèíîãî ìàãìàòè÷åñêîãî î÷àãà ñ Âûáîðãñêèì ìàññèâîì ðàïàêèâè.

×åòâåðòè÷íûå îòëîæåíèÿ íà îñòðîâå ïðåäñòàâëåíû âåðõíå÷åòâåðòè÷íûìè ñîâðåìåí-íûìè ìîðñêèìè è ýëþâèàëüíî-äåëþâèàëüíûìè îñàäêàìè. Ìîðñêèå îòëîæåíèÿ ïðåäñòàâ-ëåíû âàëóíàìè, ãàëå÷íèêàìè, ðåæå ãðàâèåì, ïåñêàìè. Îíè ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà ðàçíûõãèïñîìåòðè÷åñêèõ óðîâíÿõ è ìàðêèðóþò îòäåëüíûå ñòàäèè ðàçâèòèÿ Áàëòèéñêîãî ìîðÿâ ïîñòëåäíèêîâîå âðåìÿ. Ìàêñèìàëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ àáñîëþòíûõ îòìåòîê ðàñïîëîæåíèÿáåðåãîâûõ âàëîâ äîñòèãàþò ïëþñ 86 ì. Îáëîìî÷íûé ìàòåðèàë îòíîñèòåëüíî õîðîøî îò-ñîðòèðîâàí è îêàòàí.

Îäèí èç ÷åòêèõ âàëîâ ðàñïîëîæåí â ðàéîíå áóõòû Ëèèâàëàõòè è èìååò òðè òåððàñû.Â 640 ì îò áåðåãà åãî àáñîëþòíàÿ îòìåòêà ñîñòàâëÿåò 42 ì. Áåðåãîâîé âàë â ðàéîíå áóõ-òû Êèïïàðëàõòè èìååò øèðèíó 93 ì è ìàêñèìàëüíóþ îòìåòêó ïëþñ 8 ì, â áóõòàõ Ðà-òàññîìåðèêîíëàõòè è Ìààõåëëè — ïëþñ 14 ì.

Â öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâà òàêæå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ áåðåãîâûå âàëû, íî ïðîñëåæèâàþòñÿîíè õóæå èç-çà ãóñòîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè. Òàê, ìåæäó âîçâûøåííîñòÿìè Âÿëèêàëëèî èîçåðîì Ïàõàëàìïè ðàñïîëîæåí ñóáøèðîòíûé áåðåãîâîé âàë ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ 285 ì èâûñîòîé äî 17 ì, ñ ìàêñèìàëüíîé àáñîëþòíîé îòìåòêîé 66 ì. Âàë ñåâåðíåå âîçâûøåííî-ñòè Âÿëèêàëëèî — ñóáøèðîòíîãî ïðîñòèðàíèÿ, ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ 400 ì è øèðèíîé20—50 ì.

Ýëþâèàëüíî-äåëþâèàëüíûå îòëîæåíèÿ çàëåãàþò íà ðàçëè÷íûõ ïîðîäàõ äî÷åòâåðòè÷-íîãî âîçðàñòà, ïðåäñòàâëÿÿ ñîáîé ïðîäóêòû èõ âûâåòðèâàíèÿ. Ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷åñêèé èìèíåðàëüíûé èõ ñîñòàâ ðàçíîîáðàçíûé, îáóñëîâëåííûé ñîñòàâîì ïîäñòèëàþùèõ ïîðîä,íî ïðåîáëàäàåò ãðóáîîáëîìî÷íûé ìàòåðèàë — äðåñâà, ùåáåíü, ãëûáû è ïñåâäîâàëóíû.Ìîùíîñòü ýëþâèàëüíûõ îòëîæåíèé îáû÷íî äî 1 ì, íî ìîæåò è óâåëè÷èâàòüñÿ äî 3 ì.Êðîìå òîãî, ïî âñåìó îñòðîâó íàáëþäàþòñÿ êîëëþâèàëüíûå îòëîæåíèÿ, ñîñòîÿùèå èçãëûá è îáëîìêîâ ìåñòíûõ ïîðîä íà ñêëîíàõ è ó ïîäíîæèé âîçâûøåííîñòåé. Ñ îçåðàìè èíåáîëüøèìè ïðèîçåðíûìè áîëîòàìè ñâÿçàíû îçåðíî-áîëîòíûå îòëîæåíèÿ ìîùíîñòüþ äî4 ì.

GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

Gogland stands out for an exceptionally interesting geological structure. In 1881—1891, the Finnish ge-ologist W. Ramsay (1890) surveyed Gogland. He drew the first geological map of the island. Later on, geolo-gists from Estonia and then from St. Petersburg worked there.

Rock species of the island are very diverse. Highly decorative quartz porphyry is found in most of the ter-ritory. It forms all the island’s hills — Pohjoiskorkia, Mäkiinpäällys, Haukkavuori, Lounatkorkia. Cliffsalong the western coast are composed of granite and gneiss. The marine deposits are boulders, pebbles, some-times also gravel and sand. They lie at different elevations and denote specific stages in the postglacial evolu-tion of the Baltic Sea.

2.3. ÏÎ×ÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÏÎÊÐÎÂ

Ñèëüíàÿ ðàñ÷ëåíåííîñòü ðåëüåôà, ïðåîáëàäàíèå ïëîòíûõ êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ ïîðîäðàçëè÷íîãî ñîñòàâà è âîçðàñòà, ðàçíîîáðàçèå ãèäðîëîãè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé îáóñëîâèëè ñïå-öèôèêó ïî÷âåííîãî ïîêðîâà îñòðîâà, õàðàêòåðèçóþùåãîñÿ äîñòàòî÷íîé ïåñòðîòîé, íàëè-

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÷èåì ïî÷â, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ íà íà÷àëüíûõ ñòàäèÿõ ðàçâèòèÿ (ýìáðèîíàëüíûå, ïðèìèòèâ-íûå ïî÷âû), è ïî÷â, èìåþùèõ ïîëíîðàçâèòûé äèôôåðåíöèðîâàííûé ïðîôèëü, ñîîòâåò-ñòâóþùèé çîíàëüíûì ïîäçîëèñòûì ïî÷âàì.

Íà âûõîäàõ êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ ïîðîä â òåõ ìåñòàõ, ãäå èõ ïîâåðõíîñòü ïîêðûòà íà-êèïíûìè ëèøàéíèêàìè, ôîðìèðóþòñÿ ýìáðèîíàëüíûå îðãàíî-ëèòîãåííûå ïî÷âû. Òàêèåîáðàçîâàíèÿ åùå òðóäíî íàçâàòü ïî÷âîé, òàê êàê ïîä ïëàñòèíêîé íàêèïíîãî ëèøàéíèêàîáíàðóæèâàåòñÿ òîíêàÿ ïîëîñêà ìåëêîçåìà ìîùíîñòüþ 1—3 ìì. Ïî ìåðå òîãî, êàê íà-êèïíûå ëèøàéíèêè ñìåíÿþòñÿ ëèñòîâàòûìè è êóñòèñòûìè, ìîùíîñòü ìåëêîçåìà ðàñ-òåò, äîñòèãàÿ ðàçìåðîâ â 1—5 ñì. Îñîáåííî çàìåòíûé ïðîôèëü òàêîé îðãàíî-ëèòîãåííîéïî÷âû îáíàðóæèâàåòñÿ â ìèêðîçàïàäèíàõ, êóäà, âîçìîæíî, ïåðåìåùàåòñÿ ìåëêîçåì ñâûøåëåæàùèõ ìåñò. Â ìèêðîçàïàäèíàõ íàáëþäàåòñÿ áîëåå âûñîêàÿ âëàæíîñòü, ÷òî ñïî-ñîáñòâóåò ïîñåëåíèþ ìõîâ. Ìîùíîñòü ïðîôèëÿ òàêèõ ïî÷â äîñòèãàåò 10—15 ñì, èíîãäàâ íåì ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü ñëåäû íà÷èíàþùåéñÿ äèôôåðåíöèàöèè — ïîÿâëåíèå ïðèçíàêîâðàçâèòèÿ ýëþâèàëüíîãî ïðîöåññà â âèäå îòìûòûõ êâàðöåâûõ çåðåí. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, âìåñòàõ âûõîäà íà äíåâíóþ ïîâåðõíîñòü êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ ïîðîä ïî÷âåííûé ïîêðîâî÷åíü ìîçàè÷åí: îí ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ó÷àñòêè, ëèøåííûå êàêîé-íèáóäü ðàñòèòåëüíî-ñòè, à ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, è ïî÷âû, ÷åðåäóþùèåñÿ ñ ó÷àñòêàìè ðàçíîìîùíûõ îðãàíî-ëèòî-ãåííûõ ïî÷â ïîä êóðòèíàìè ëèøàéíèêîâ è ìõîâ.

Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü òåððèòîðèè Ãîãëàíäà çàíÿòà ëåñíûìè íàñàæäåíèÿìè. Øèðîêî ïðåä-ñòàâëåíû åëüíèêè ñ ðàçíîîáðàçíûì íàïî÷âåííûì ïîêðîâîì. Ïîä ïîëîãîì åëüíèêîâ-÷åð-íè÷íèêîâ ôîðìèðóþòñÿ ïåðåãíîéíûå ñëàáîïîäçîëèñòûå îãëååííûå ñóïåñ÷àíûå ïî÷âû.Îíè îáû÷íî ïðèóðî÷åíû ê òåì òåððèòîðèÿì, ãäå ìîùíîñòü ÷åòâåðòè÷íîãî ÷åõëà (ïî âñåéâèäèìîñòè, ùåáíèñòàÿ ìîðåíà) îòíîñèòåëüíî âåëèêà (íå ìåíåå 1 ì). Òàêèå ïî÷âû îáû÷-íî âñòðå÷àþòñÿ â íèæíåé ÷àñòè ñêëîíà âîçâûøåííîñòåé. Ïîä ïîëîãîì åëüíèêîâ-çåëåíî-ìîøíèêîâ ëèáî åëüíèêîâ çåëåíîìîøíî-÷åðíè÷íûõ, ïðîèçðàñòàþùèõ íà ñêëîíàõ, êàêïðàâèëî, â ñðåäíåé, ñàìîé êðóòîé èõ ÷àñòè, íà ùåáíèñòîì ýëþâèî-äåëþâèè ôîðìèðóþò-ñÿ ïîäáóðû îïîäçîëåííûå. Ïðîôèëü ýòèõ ïî÷â ñîñòàâëÿåò 50—70 ñì. Ñâåðõó èäåò îðãà-íîãåííûé îòîðôîâàííûé ãîðèçîíò ìîùíîñòüþ 7—15 ñì, ñîñòîÿùèé èç ïëîõî ðàçëîæèâ-øèõñÿ ðàñòèòåëüíûõ îñòàòêîâ, ïîä ýòèì ãîðèçîíòîì ñëåäóåò ãðóáîãóìóñíûé ãîðèçîíòÀÀ2 áóðîâàòî-ñåðîãî öâåòà, ñîäåðæàùèé îòìûòûå çåðíà êâàðöà. Ìîùíîñòü ýòîãî ãîðè-çîíòà 5—10 ñì. Íèæå ñëåäóåò áóðûé ãîðèçîíò BFe ìîùíîñòüþ 20—30 ñì, âíèç ïî ïðîôè-ëþ îêðàñêà ñòàíîâèòñÿ ñâåòëåå. Ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ ýòèõ ïî÷â ñóïåñ÷àíûé, ïðèýòîì âî âñåì ïðîôèëå ïðèñóòñòâóåò îáèëèå íåîêàòàííûõ îáëîìêîâ êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ ïî-ðîä. Ïîä ïîëîãîì ñîñíîâûõ ëåñîâ ôîðìèðóþòñÿ òàêæå ïîäáóðû, â ïðîôèëå êîòîðûõ íà-áëþäàåòñÿ îðãàíîãåííûé ãîðèçîíò íåáîëüøîé ìîùíîñòè, ñîñòàâëÿþùèé 5—10 ñì.

Ïðèîçåðíûå íèçèíû ÷àùå âñåãî çàáîëî÷åíû è ïðåäñòàâëÿþò âåðõîâûå èëè íèçèííûåáîëîòà, ïî êðàÿì êîòîðûõ ôîðìèðóþòñÿ òîðôÿíî-ãëååâûå ïî÷âû.

Íà òåððèòîðèè îñòðîâà âñòðå÷àþòñÿ è íåáîëüøèå ïî ïëîùàäè ðàçíîòðàâíî-çëàêîâûåëóãà, äëÿ êîòîðûõ õàðàêòåðíû äåðíîâî-ñëàáîïîäçîëèñòûå ïî÷âû.

Íåñîìíåííûé èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò òå ó÷àñòêè òåððèòîðèè, ãäå íà äíåâíóþ ïîâåðõ-íîñòü âûõîäÿò ïîðîäû îñíîâíîãî ñîñòàâà ëèáî ïðîäóêòû èõ âûâåòðèâàíèÿ. Â ýòèõ ìåñ-òàõ ôîðìèðóþòñÿ ïî÷âû, èìåþùèå áîëåå áóðûé ïðîôèëü, íå ñîäåðæàùèé äàæå îòìû-òûõ çåðåí êâàðöà è âåðõíèé, ëó÷øå ðàçëîæåííûé, îðãàíîãåííûé ãîðèçîíò. Íèæå íåãîõîðîøî ðàçëè÷èì ãóìóñîâûé ãîðèçîíò. Ýòè ïî÷âû îòíåñåíû ê ãðóáîãóìóñíûì áóðî-çåìàì.

SOIL COVER

Heavily broken terrain, prevalence of dense crystalline rock species of varying age and composition arethe causes of the peculiar, motley soil cover of the island. Podzolic mucky loamy-sandy gleyic soils form un-der the canopy of bilberry spruce forests. True-moss spruce forests grow on slopes covered by podzolizedpodburs. Lake-side lows are paludified, appearing as bogs or fens with peaty gley soils forming in their rims.

The island has some small-size herb-grass meadows, usually over sod slightly podzolic soils.

Soils of the coarse-humus brown earth type form in the sites with basic bedrock outcrops.

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2.4. ÃÈÄÐÎÃÐÀÔÈß

Ãëóáèíà Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà â ðàéîíå Ãîãëàíäà äîñòèãàåò 70 ì, èçîáàòà â 10 ì ïîäõîäèòáëèçêî ê áåðåãàì. Îñòðîâ îïîÿñûâàåò ïîëîñà ôèòîáåíòîñà øèðèíîé 50—100 ì, çàðîñëèâûñøåé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè îòñóòñòâóþò. Âîäà â ýòîé ÷àñòè çàëèâà õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ äîñòà-òî÷íîé ñîëåíîñòüþ. Èìåííî â ðàéîíå Ãîãëàíäà ïðîõîäèò èçîãàëèíà 4

î/îî, ïðîçðà÷íîñòü

âîäû âûñîêàÿ — 4,2 ì ïî äèñêó Ñåêêè (Êîðåëÿêîâà, 1997).Íà îñòðîâå èìåþòñÿ ïÿòü íåáîëüøèõ îçåð. Èõ ãèäðîëîãè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïðè-

âîäÿòñÿ â ðàáîòå Ïåëòîëà (Peltola, 1960; öèò. ïî: Ãëàçêîâà, 2001). Ñàìîå ñåâåðíîå èç íèõ— îçåðî Ëèèâàëàõäåíúÿðâè, èëè Ïåðâîå, ïðèóðî÷åíî ê çîíå Öåíòðàëüíîãî ðàçëîìà,èìååò äëèíó 400 ì è øèðèíó äî 75 ì, àáñîëþòíóþ îòìåòêó 46 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ èíàèáîëüøóþ ãëóáèíó 1,5 ì.

Â 500 ì þæíåå ðàñïîëîæåíî îçåðî Âåòåëüÿðâè, èëè Âòîðîå (Òîïêîå îçåðî), äëèíîé250 ì è øèðèíîé äî 100 ì, àáñîëþòíàÿ îòìåòêà íåìíîãî áîëåå 40 ì, ãëóáèíà äî 2,3 ì.

Åùå â 550—600 ì þæíåå, íà âûñîòå 49 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ, íàõîäèòñÿ îçåðî Ðóîêî-ëàõäåíúÿðâè, Òðåòüå îçåðî (èìååò òàêæå íàçâàíèå Êóïàëüíîå), ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ 350 ì,øèðèíîé äî 200 ì è ãëóáèíîé äî 5 ì. Åãî âîñòî÷íûé áåðåã ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé îòâåñíûéñêàëüíûé îáðûâ âûñîòîé áîëåå 20 ì.

Ñàìîå áîëüøîå íà îñòðîâå îçåðî — Ëîóíàòúÿðâè, èëè Äàëüíåå îçåðî (Ïîëóäåííîå).Îíî ðàñïîëîæåíî â çîíå ñóáøèðîòíîãî òåêòîíè÷åñêîãî íàðóøåíèÿ ó ñåâåðíîãî ïîäíîæèÿãîñïîäñòâóþùåé âîçâûøåííîñòè Ëîóíàòêîðêèà è ïðîòÿíóëîñü â øèðîòíîì íàïðàâëåíèèïî÷òè íà 500 ì ïðè øèðèíå äî 200 ì. Àáñîëþòíàÿ îòìåòêà óðåçà âîäû â îçåðå 46 ì, ãëó-áèíà äîñòèãàåò 13 ì.

Ñàìîå ìàëåíüêîå îçåðî Ïàõàëàìïè, èëè Ïÿòîå, ðàñïîëîæåíî â ëåñó, â 350 ì ê ñåâå-ðî-âîñòîêó îò îçåðà Ëîóíàòúÿðâè.

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âíóòðåííèõ îçåð îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä ïî äàííûì M. Kurki (1915)

Description of lakes of Gogland Island according to M. Kurki (1915).

Ôèíñêîå è ðóññêîå íàçâàíèÿ îçåðà

Finnish and Russian name of the lake

Îðèåíòè-ðîâàí-

íîñòü (ïîäëèíå)

Directivity

by the

length

Ïëî-ùàäü(ãà)

Area

(ha)

Âûñîòà íàäóðîâíåììîðÿ

Height above

sea level

Äëèíà(ì)

Length(m)

Øèðè-íà (ì)

Width(m)

Ñðåäíÿÿãëóáèíà

(ì)

Averagedepth(m)

Liivalahdenjärvi, Ïåðâîå N—S 1,65 46,00 400 75 1,5

Veteljärvi, Âòîðîå, èëè Òîïêîå NW—SE 1,68 40,00 250 100 2,3

Ruokolahdenjärvi, Òðåòüå, èëè Êóïàëüíîå NW—SE 4,24 49,27 350 200 5,0

Lounatjärvi, ×åòâåðòîå, èëè Äàëüíåå W—E 5,81 34,00 500 200 13,0

Pahalampi, Ïÿòîå — 0,93 49,00 100 80 1,5

Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü àêâàòîðèé âñåõ ïÿòè îçåð îöåíèâàëàñü â 1915 ã. â 14,3 ãà. Ïî äàí-íûì çåìëåóñòðîéñòâà 2002 ã., ýòà ïëîùàäü íûíå ñîñòàâëÿåò âñåãî 13,2 ãà. Ýòè öèôðûñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î ïîñòåïåííîì çàðàñòàíèè îçåð è ñîêðàùåíèè ïëîùàäè èõ àêâàòîðèé,îñîáåííî íàãëÿäíî ýòî âèäíî äëÿ îçåðà Ïàõàëàìïè.

Ðåêè íà îñòðîâå îòñóòñòâóþò, õîòÿ åñòü ñëàáî âûðàæåííûå ðó÷üè, ïî êîòîðûì ñåâåð-íûå îçåðà (Ëèèâàëàõäåíúÿðâè è Âåòåëüÿðâè) èìåþò åäèíûé ñòîê â áóõòó Ëåòòîëàõòè(áóõòà Ëèìîííèêîâà), îçåðî Ëîóíàòúÿðâè — â áóõòó Ìààõåëëè, íà çàïàäíîå ïîáåðåæüå,à Ðóîêîëàõäåíúÿðâè — íà âîñòî÷íîå ïîáåðåæüå, â áóõòó Êèèñêèíêþëÿíëàõòè.

Îçåðî Ïàõàëàìïè — áîëîòíîãî òèïà, íå èìååò ðó÷üåâîãî ñòîêà â çàëèâ. Ñî âñåõ ñòî-ðîí îíî îêðóæåíî íèçèííûì îñîêî-ñôàãíîâûì áîëîòîì.

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HYDROGRAPHY

The depth of the Gulf of Finland around Gogland reaches 70 m; the 10 m isobath comes close to the shore.There are five lakes on the island. Lake Liivalahdenjärvi has a length of 400 m, a width of up to 70 m and a

maximum depth of 1.5 m.Some 500 m south of it lies Lake Veteljärvi, which is 250 m long, up to 70 m wide and up to 2.3 m deep.

The Lake discharges into the Lettolahti Bay.The length of Lake Ruokolahdenjärvi is 350 m, with a width of up to 150 m and a depth of up to 5 m. Wa-

ter from the lake is discharged into the Kiiskinkylänlahti Bay.Lake Lounatjärvi is 600 m long and up to 200 m wide. Its depth reaches 13 m; the water discharges into

the Maahelli Bay.The smallest Lake Pahalampi, which has no discharge to the Gulf, is situated in the forest, 350 m

north-east of Lake Lounatjärvi.

2.5. ÐÀÑÒÈÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ È ÔËÎÐÀ

VEGETATION AND FLORA

2.5.1. Ñîñóäèñòûå ðàñòåíèÿ

Â ðàáîòàõ ôèíñêèõ áîòàíèêîâ ïðîøëûõ ëåò (Brenner, 1871 a, b; Kurki, 1913; Välikangas,1937 è äð.) èìåþòñÿ ëèøü îòðûâî÷íûå ñâåäåíèÿ î ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè Ãîãëàíäà. Ïðèâåäåí-íàÿ íèæå õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè äàíà íà îñíîâå èññëåäîâàíèé, ïðîâåäåííûõ íàîñòðîâå Å. À. Ãëàçêîâîé â 1994—1998 ãã. (Ãëàçêîâà, 1996, 2001) è â 2004 ã.

Ïî÷òè 80% òåððèòîðèè îñòðîâà ïîêðûòî ëåñíîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòüþ, ãëàâíûì îáðàçîìõâîéíûìè (ñîñíîâûìè è åëîâûìè) è õâîéíî-ìåëêîëèñòâåííûìè ëåñàìè.

Íà ñêàëàõ è ñëàáîçàäåðíåííûõ âûõîäàõ êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ ãîðíûõ ïîðîä ðàçâèòûíèçêîðîñëûå ðåäêîñòîéíûå ñîñíÿêè ñ ìîææåâåëüíèêîì, âåðåñêîì, áðóñíèêîé, òîëîê-íÿíêîé è ðåäêèìè â Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè âèäàìè êèçèëüíèêà — ñêàíäèíàâñêèì è÷åðíîïëîäíûì. Èç òðàâÿíèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé çäåñü âñòðå÷àþòñÿ îâñèê èçâèëèñòûé, âåðîíè-êà ëåêàðñòâåííàÿ, ÿñòðåáèíî÷êà îáûêíîâåííàÿ, îâñÿíèöà îâå÷üÿ, î÷èòîê åäêèé, ùàâåëüìàëûé è äð. Âåðøèíû ñêàë çàíÿòû ëèøàéíèêîâûìè, âåðåñêîâûìè è ëóãîâèêîâûìè ïóñ-òîøàìè, ÷åðåäóþùèìèñÿ ñ ðåäêîñòîéíûìè ñîñíÿêàìè. Ëèøàéíèêîâûå ñîñíÿêè (ñ âèäà-ìè Cladonia è Peltigera) íà ïåñ÷àíîé ïî÷âå ðàçâèòû ëèøü â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâà, âáóõòå Êàïïåëüëàõòè è íà ìûñó Êàïïåëüíèåìè. Çäåñü âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ïîäúåëüíèê îáûêíî-âåííûé, äâóðÿäíèê ñïëþñíóòûé, îâñèê èçâèëèñòûé, îâñÿíèöà îâå÷üÿ, âåðîíèêà ëåêàðñò-âåííàÿ, ÿñòðåáèíêà çîíòè÷íàÿ.

Áîëåå óâëàæíåííûå ó÷àñòêè ïî ñêëîíàì è ó ïîäíîæèÿ ñêàë çàíÿòû ÷åðíè÷íî-, êóñ-òàðíè÷êîâî- èëè ëóãîâèêîâî-çåëåíîìîøíûìè ñîñíÿêàìè ñî ñìîðîäèíîé àëüïèéñêîé, ìà-ëèíîé è ìîææåâåëüíèêîì â ïîäëåñêå. ×àñòî â êà÷åñòâå ïðèìåñè â äðåâîñòîå âñòðå÷àþò-ñÿ áåðåçà ïóøèñòàÿ, ðÿáèíà, èâà êîçüÿ. Â òðàâÿíî-êóñòàðíè÷êîâîì ÿðóñå äîìèíèðóåò÷åðíèêà, îáû÷íû ìàðüÿííèê ëóãîâîé, âîäÿíèêà ÷åðíàÿ, áðóñíèêà, âåðåñê, îâñèê èçâè-ëèñòûé, ëèííåÿ ñåâåðíàÿ, çîëîòàðíèê îáûêíîâåííûé è äð. Ñôàãíîâûå ñîñíÿêè ñ áàãóëü-íèêîì áîëîòíûì, ãîëóáèêîé, âîäÿíèêîé ÷åðíîé, âåðåñêîì îêàéìëÿþò îçåðà è âåðõîâûåáîëîòà.

Íà âàëóííûõ è ùåáíèñòî-äåëþâèàëüíûõ îòëîæåíèÿõ â ñðåäíèõ è íèæíèõ ÷àñòÿõñêëîíîâ îòìå÷àþòñÿ åëîâûå, ñîñíîâî-åëîâûå, ìåëêîëèñòâåííî-åëîâûå è ìåëêîëèñòâåí-íî-ñîñíîâûå ÷åðíè÷íî- è êèñëè÷íî-çåëåíîìîøíûå, à òàêæå ÷åðíè÷íî-òðàâÿíûå ëåñà.

Íà ïëîñêèõ âàëóííûõ òåððàñàõ ñ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèì çàñòîåì ãðóíòîâûõ âîä ðàñòóò åëü-íèêè ÷åðíè÷íî- èëè êèñëè÷íî-ïàïîðîòíèêîâî-çåëåíîìîøíî-ñôàãíîâûå (ñ êî÷åäûæíèêîìæåíñêèì, ùèòîâíèêîì ðàñïðîñòåðòûì, ùèòîâíèêîì øàðòðñêèì, ãîëîêó÷íèêîì îáûêíî-âåííûì, áóêîâíèêîì îáûêíîâåííûì). Òåððàñû ñ áîëåå çàñòîéíûì óâëàæíåíèåì çàíÿòûíåáîëüøèìè êóñòàðíè÷êîâî-òðàâÿíî-ñôàãíîâûìè áîëîòöàìè ñ ñîñíîé, åëüþ, êóñòàðíè-êàìè (èâîé ñåðîé, ìîææåâåëüíèêîì îáûêíîâåííûì, âîñêîâíèêîì áîëîòíûì, êðóøèíîéëîìêîé). Ïðè÷åì ìîùíîñòü òîðôà êîëåáëåòñÿ îò 0,1 äî 0,2 ì.

Øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû íà îñòðîâå, ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì â åãî þæíîé ÷àñòè, áîãàòûåâèäàìè ÷åðíè÷íî-çåëåíîìîøíûå è ïàïîðîòíèêîâî-òðàâÿíûå õâîéíî-ìåëêîëèñòâåííûåëåñà, ãäå â ïåðâûé ÿðóñ âûõîäÿò åëü åâðîïåéñêàÿ, ñîñíà îáûêíîâåííàÿ, îñèíà, áåðåçà,

15

ðÿáèíà, èíîãäà êîçüÿ èâà. Ïîäëåñîê ñîñòàâëÿþò àëüïèéñêàÿ ñìîðîäèíà, æèìîëîñòüîáûêíîâåííàÿ, êàëèíà, ðîçà Àôöåëèóñà, êðóøèíà ëîìêàÿ è ìàëèíà. Ëåñà ýòîãî òèïà îò-ëè÷àþòñÿ áîãàòñòâîì íåìîðàëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ â òðàâÿíîì ïîêðîâå. Êóñòàðíè÷êîâî-òðà-âÿíîé ÿðóñ òàêîãî ëåñà îáðàçóþò ÷åðíèêà, ìàðüÿííèê ëóãîâîé, ìàðüÿííèê çèÿþùèé,êóïåíà äóøèñòàÿ, ÷èíà âåñåííÿÿ, ïå÷åíî÷íèöà áëàãîðîäíàÿ, âîë÷åÿãîäíèê îáûêíîâåí-íûé, îñîêè ïàëü÷àòàÿ è áëåäíîâàòàÿ, âîðîíèé ãëàç ÷åòûðåõëèñòíûé, ìèöåëèñ ñòåííîé,çâåçä÷àòêà ëàíöåòîëèñòíàÿ, áîð ðàçâåñèñòûé, ìÿòëèê äóáðàâíûé, ãðàâèëàò ðå÷íîé, âå-ðîíèêà äóáðàâíàÿ, ôèàëêà Ðèâèíèóñà, äð¸ìà äâóäîìíàÿ, âåòðåíèöà äóáðàâíàÿ, êèñëèöàîáûêíîâåííàÿ, ëàíäûø ìàéñêèé, ìíîãèå ïàïîðîòíèêè, èçðåäêà çóáðîâêà þæíàÿ, ïîä-ëåñíèê åâðîïåéñêèé, âîðîíåö êîëîñèñòûé, êóïåíà ìíîãîöâåòêîâàÿ, ÷èíà ëüíîëèñòíàÿ,ãîðîøåê ëåñíîé è äð.

Èíòåðåñåí ó÷àñòîê åëîâî-ìåëêîëèñòâåííîãî íåìîðàëüíîòðàâíîãî ëåñà ïî þãî-âîñòî÷-íîìó ñêëîíó âîçâûøåííîñòè Ëîóíàòêîðêèà, ãäå â äðåâåñíîì ÿðóñå äîìèíèðóåò ðÿáèíà,âñòðå÷àþòñÿ òàêæå áåðåçà, îâå÷üÿ èâà, åëü åâðîïåéñêàÿ. Â òðàâÿíîì ïîêðîâå îáèëüíûïîäëåñíèê åâðîïåéñêèé è ïîäìàðåííèê äóøèñòûé.

Ìåëêîëèñòâåííûå ëåñà, ïðåäñòàâëåííûå áåäíûìè âî ôëîðèñòè÷åñêîì îòíîøåíèè ðàç-ðåæåííûìè áåðåçíÿêàìè, îñèííèêàìè è îñèíîâî-áåðåçîâûìè ëåñàìè íà ñêëîíàõ ñêàë èñëàáîçàäåðíåííûõ âûõîäàõ ãîðíûõ ïîðîä, âñòðå÷àþòñÿ â îñíîâíîì â þæíîé ÷àñòè îñòðî-âà. Íà ìåñòå çàáðîøåííûõ ôèíñêèõ óãîäèé ñôîðìèðîâàëèñü ìåëêîëèñòâåííûå ùó÷êî-âî-âëàæíîòðàâíûå, ñîñíîâî-áåðåçîâûå ñàáåëüíèêîâî-ñôàãíîâûå, áåðåçîâûå ñôàãíîâûå,÷åðíîîëüõîâî-áåðåçîâûå òðàâÿíî-ïàïîðîòíèêîâûå ëåñà.

Áîëüøîé èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò óíèêàëüíàÿ êëåíîâî-ÿñåíåâàÿ ðîùà íà ìåñòå áûâøåéôèíñêîé äåðåâíè Êèèñêèíêþëÿ â áóõòå Êèèñêèíêþëÿíëàõòè. Êëåí è ÿñåíü áûëè ïîñà-æåíû çäåñü åùå â êîíöå XIX â. è øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíèëèñü çà ïðåäåëû ïðåæíåé êóëü-òóðû, âîçîáíîâëÿÿñü ñåìåííûì ïóòåì. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ çäåñü ïðîèçðàñòàåò ñûðîéêëåíîâî-ÿñåíåâûé ëåñ ñ òðàâÿíî-çëàêîâûì ïîêðîâîì. Áîãàòûå âèäàìè çëàêîâî-ðàçíî-òðàâíûå ëóãà â ðàéîíå áûâøåé ôèíñêîé äåðåâíè Êèèñêèíêþëÿ îáðàçîâàëèñü â ðåçóëüòà-òå îñóøåíèÿ ìåñòíûìè æèòåëÿìè áîëîòà è äîñòàâêè çåìëè ñ ýñòîíñêîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ. Íàèñêóññòâåííîå ïðîèñõîæäåíèå ýòèõ ëóãîâ óêàçûâàë åùå À. Ã. Øðåíê â 1841 ã. (Schrenk,1841). Çäåñü âñòðå÷àþòñÿ: èç ðàçíîòðàâüÿ — âàñèëåê ëóãîâîé, ñìîëåâêà ïîíèêøàÿ, çâå-ðîáîé ïÿòíèñòûé, ãîðîøåê çàáîðíûé, ÷èíà ëóãîâàÿ, êëåâåð ëóãîâîé, òìèí îáûêíîâåí-íûé, ãâîçäèêà òðàâÿíêà, ñìîëêà êëåéêàÿ, ëóê îãîðîäíûé, ëóê óãëîâàòûé, ìàíæåòêàãîðíàÿ, áåäðåíåö êàìíåëîìêà, êóêóøêèí öâåò, êîðîñòàâíèê ïîëåâîé, îñîêà ðàííÿÿ, îñî-êà êîëîñèñòàÿ, ìîëî÷àé ëîçíûé, ñâèðáèãà âîñòî÷íàÿ, ïîãðåìîê ìàëûé; èç çëàêîâ — äó-øèñòûé êîëîñîê, îâñÿíèöà ëóãîâàÿ, ëèñîõâîñò ïîëåâîé, òèìîôååâêà ëóãîâàÿ, ïîëåâèöàòîíêàÿ, îâñåö ïóøèñòûé è äð. Âîçëå ôóíäàìåíòîâ ðàçðóøåííûõ äîìîâ ñîõðàíèëèñü íå-êîòîðûå êóëüòèâèðóåìûå ðàíåå ðàñòåíèÿ: ëèëèÿ ëóêîâè÷êîíîñíàÿ, èðèñ ãåðìàíñêèé,ðîçà áåäðåíöåëèñòíàÿ, ðîçà ìîðùèíèñòàÿ, ÷åðíàÿ ñìîðîäèíà, êðûæîâíèê îáûêíîâåí-íûé, ÿáëîíÿ ñàäîâàÿ è íåêîòîðûå äðóãèå âèäû.

Â ïîíèæåíèÿõ ìåæäó âîçâûøåííîñòÿìè íàõîäÿòñÿ ïÿòü îçåð. Îçåðî Ëèèâàëàõäåíú-ÿðâè ðàñïîëîæåíî íà âûñîòå 47 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ, ó ïîäíîæèÿ ñêàëû Õàóêêàâóîðè.Èç âîäíûõ ðàñòåíèé â îçåðå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ: êóâøèíêà ñåâåðíàÿ è ðäåñò ïðîíçåííîëèñò-íûé. Íà íèçêèõ áîëîòèñòûõ áåðåãàõ îçåðà, êðîìå îáû÷íûõ îñîê (âîëîñèñòîïëîäíîé, òî-ïÿíîé, ÷åðíîé), î÷åðåòíèêà áåëîãî, ïóøèöû âëàãàëèùíîé, ðîñÿíîê (êðóãëîëèñòíîé, àí-ãëèéñêîé, îáðàòíîÿéöåâèäíîé), ïàëüöåêîðíèêà ïÿòíèñòîãî, ìîëèíèè ãîëóáîé, òðîñòíè-êà îáûêíîâåííîãî, âàõòû òðåõëèñòíîé, îáíàðóæåíû ìíîãèå ðåäêèå è ïîäëåæàùèå îõðà-íå âèäû ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé: ïóõîíîñ äåðíèñòûé, î÷åðåòíèê áóðûé, ìÿêîòíèöà áîëîò-íàÿ, ðîñÿíêà ïðîìåæóòî÷íàÿ, äåðåí øâåäñêèé. Îçåðî îêðóæåíî âåðõîâûì áîëîòîì, ïî-ðîñøèì ñîñíîé ñ áàãóëüíèêîì, âåðåñêîì, ïîäáåëîì îáûêíîâåííûì, âîñêîâíèêîì áîëîò-íûì, âîäÿíèêîé îáîåïîëîé, ÷åðíèêîé, ãîëóáèêîé, ìàëèíîé, êëþêâîé áîëîòíîé è ìåëêî-ïëîäíîé. Â ìî÷àæèíàõ ñôàãíîâîãî áîëîòà ðàñòóò ïóçûð÷àòêà ìàëàÿ, ïóçûð÷àòêà ñðåä-íÿÿ, õâîñòíèê îáûêíîâåííûé.

Îçåðî Âåòåëüÿðâè, ðàñïîëîæåííîå â 500 ì ê þãó îò îçåðà Ëèèâàëàõäåíúÿðâè, èìååòçàáîëî÷åííûå áåðåãà, ñèëüíî çàðîñøèå òðîñòíèêîì. Çäåñü âñòðå÷àþòñÿ êëþêâà áîëîò-íàÿ, êëþêâà ìåëêîïëîäíàÿ ïóçûð÷àòêà ñðåäíÿÿ, ïóçûð÷àòêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ, îñîêè (âî-ëîñèñòîïëîäíàÿ, åæåâèäíî-êîëîñêîâàÿ, òîïÿíàÿ), ðîñÿíêà àíãëèéñêàÿ, î÷åðåòíèê áó-ðûé, ñàáåëüíèê áîëîòíûé, õâîù ðå÷íîé, âàõòà òðåõëèñòíàÿ, ñèòíèê íèòåâèäíûé, â âî-

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äå — êóâøèíêè ñåâåðíàÿ è ñíåæíî-áåëàÿ. Ïî áåðåãàì îçåðà ðàñòóò îëüõà êëåéêàÿ, âîñ-êîâíèê áîëîòíûé, îñèíà, áåðåçà, êðóøèíà ëîìêàÿ, èâà óøàñòàÿ.

Ñåâåðíûé, âîñòî÷íûé è þæíûé áåðåãà îçåðà Ðóîêîëàõäåíúÿðâè âûñîêèå, ñêàëèñòûå,ïîðîñøèå ñîñíîâûì ëåñîì èëè ðåäêîé ñîñíîé ñ âåðåñêîì è ìîææåâåëüíèêîì. Âîçëå ñà-ìîé âîäû âñòðå÷àþòñÿ âîñêîâíèê áîëîòíûé, êðóøèíà ëîìêàÿ, çþçíèê åâðîïåéñêèé, îñî-êà åæåâèäíî-êîëîñêîâàÿ, îñîêà âçäóòàÿ, ïóøèöà ìíîãîêîëîñêîâàÿ, áàãóëüíèê, âåðåñê,âîäÿíèêà îáîåïîëàÿ, òðîñòíèê, â âîäå — êóâøèíêà ñåâåðíàÿ, ðäåñò ïëàâàþùèé. Çàïàä-íûé ïîëîãèé áåðåã îçåðà çàíÿò ÷åðíè÷íî-çåëåíîìîøíûì åëüíèêîì, áëèæå ê áåðåãóâñòðå÷àþòñÿ áåðåçà ïóøèñòàÿ, êðóøèíà ëîìêàÿ, ðÿáèíà, ñîñíà, óøàñòàÿ èâà. Çäåñü æåðàñïîëîæåíî îñîêîâî-ñôàãíîâîå áîëîòî, íà êîòîðîì ïðîèçðàñòàþò ãîëóáèêà, êëþêâà áî-ëîòíàÿ è ìåëêîïëîäíàÿ, ïóøèöà âëàãàëèùíàÿ, êàëãàí, áàãóëüíèê, âåðåñê, ïîäáåë, âîñ-êîâíèê áîëîòíûé, âîäÿíèêà îáîåïîëàÿ, ìîðîøêà, ðîñÿíêè (êðóãëîëèñòíàÿ, îáðàòíîÿé-öåâèäíàÿ), ñàáåëüíèê áîëîòíûé, õâîù ðå÷íîé, ñèòíèê íèòåâèäíûé, îñîêà åæåâèäíî-êî-ëîñêîâàÿ è äð.

Îçåðî Ëîóíàòúÿðâè, ñàìîå áîëüøîå èç îçåð Ãîãëàíäà (ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ñ çàïàäà íà âîñ-òîê — 600 ì), íàõîäèòñÿ ó ïîäíîæèÿ ãîðû Ëîóíàòêîðêèà. Â ýòîì îëèãîòðîôíîì âîäîåìåâñòðå÷àþòñÿ õàðàêòåðíûå äëÿ òàêèõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé, ðåäêèå íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäå Ðîññèè âè-äû: ëîáåëèÿ Äîðòìàííà, ñèòíèê ëóêîâè÷íûé, ïî ñòàðûì íàõîäêàì èçâåñòíà òàêæå ïðè-áðåæíèöà îäíîöâåòêîâàÿ. Ñåâåðíûé è ñåâåðî-çàïàäíûé áåðåãà îçåðà çàíÿòû ñîñíî-âî-ñôàãíîâûì áîëîòîì ñ ÷åðíèêîé, ãîëóáèêîé, âîäÿíèêîé îáîåïîëîé, ïîäáåëîì, áàãóëü-íèêîì, ïóøèöåé âëàãàëèùíîé, âåðåñêîì, êëþêâîé áîëîòíîé, ìíîãèìè âèäàìè îñîê (ìà-ëîöâåòêîâîé, äâóäîìíîé, âîëîñèñòîïëîäíîé, ÷åðíîé è äð.). Ïî þæíîìó è âîñòî÷íîìó áå-ðåãàì îçåðà ðàñïîëîæåíû ÷åðíè÷íî-çåëåíîìîøíûå åëüíèêè. Áëèæå ê âîäå âñòðå÷àþòñÿáåðåçà, åëü, îëüõà êëåéêàÿ, ìîææåâåëüíèê, èâà óøàñòàÿ, ðÿáèíà, âîñêîâíèê áîëîòíûé,êðóøèíà ëîìêàÿ, èç òðàâÿíèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé — äåðåí øâåäñêèé, êàëãàí, êîçåëåö íèçêèé,ñèâåö ëóãîâîé, ïàëüöåêîðíèê ïÿòíèñòûé, ñèòíèê íèòåâèäíûé, ìîëèíèÿ ãîëóáàÿ è äð.

Ê ñåâåðî-âîñòîêó îò îçåðà Ëîóíàòúÿðâè, ïîñðåäè îòêðûòîãî ñôàãíîâîãî áîëîòà, íà êî-òîðîì ïðîèçðàñòàþò áàãóëüíèê, âîñêîâíèê áîëîòíûé, êëþêâà áîëîòíàÿ, ïîäáåë, ãîëóáè-êà, ÷åðíèêà, âåðåñê, âîäÿíèêà, ìîðîøêà, ïóøèöà âëàãàëèùíàÿ, ïóøèöà ìíîãîêîëîñêî-âàÿ, êàëãàí, âàõòà òðåõëèñòíàÿ, ñèòíèê íèòåâèäíûé, ïàëüöåêîðíèê ïÿòíèñòûé, ìîëè-íèÿ ãîëóáàÿ, îñîêè (åæåâèäíî-êîëîñêîâàÿ, âîëîñèñòîïëîäíàÿ), ðîñÿíêà àíãëèéñêàÿ, ïî-ëåâèöà ñîáà÷üÿ, ðàñïîëîæåíî ìàëåíüêîå (îêîëî 80 ì â äèàìåòðå) îçåðöî Ïàõàëàìïè. Ïîîêðàèíàì áîëîòî ïîðîñëî ñîñíîé, ðåæå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ áåðåçà, îëüõà êëåéêàÿ, êðóøèíà,èâà óøàñòàÿ. Â ñàìîì îçåðå ðàñòåò òîëüêî êóâøèíêà ñåâåðíàÿ.

Áîëüøîé èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñêàëüíàÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü îñòðîâà, ïîñêîëüêó ñ îáíà-æåíèÿìè êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ ãîðíûõ ïîðîä ñâÿçàíû òàêèå ðåä÷àéøèå â Ñåâåðî-ÇàïàäíîéÐîññèè âèäû, êàê î÷èòîê îäíîëåòíèé, ðåçóøêà øâåäñêàÿ, òîðèöà Ìîðèñîíà, ãåðàíü Ðî-áåðòà, íåçàáóäêà âåòâèñòàÿ, ñìîëêà àëüïèéñêàÿ, æèâó÷êà ïèðàìèäàëüíàÿ, ïîëåâèöà âè-íîãðàäíèêîâàÿ. Â ñûðûõ ðàñùåëèíàõ ñêàë ðàñòóò ðåäêèå â Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè âèäûïàïîðîòíèêîâ: êîñòåíöû ñåâåðíûé è âîëîñîâèäíûé, âóäñèÿ îáûêíîâåííàÿ, ïóçûðíèêëîìêèé. Óíèêàëüíûì ìåñòîì íà Ãîãëàíäå ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîçâûøåííîñòü Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà, íàâåðøèíå êîòîðîé íà ñëàáîçàäåðíåííûõ âûõîäàõ êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ ïîðîä ïðîèçðàñòàþòðåä÷àéøèå íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäå âèäû î÷èòêîâ: áåëûé, îäíîëåòíèé, øåñòèãðàííûé. Èç äðó-ãèõ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ðàñòåíèé ñëåäóåò óïîìÿíóòü òîðèöó Ìîðèñîíà, ãåðàíü Ðîáåðòà, ñìîë-êó àëüïèéñêóþ, êèçèëüíèê ñêàíäèíàâñêèé, êîñòåíöû ñåâåðíûé è âîëîñîâèäíûé.

Îñîáåííî õî÷åòñÿ óïîìÿíóòü ðàñòèòåëüíûé ïîêðîâ ïîáåðåæèé, òàê êàê åãî ôîðìèðî-âàíèå ïðîèñõîäèò â ñëîæíûõ óñëîâèÿõ: âî-ïåðâûõ, áåðåãà îñòðîâà ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîéëèáî óõîäÿùèå â ìîðå ìîíîëèòíûå ñêàëû, ëèáî êðóïíîâàëóííûå èëè ãàëå÷íèêîâûå ïî-ëÿ, íà êîòîðûõ òðóäíî óêîðåíèòüñÿ ðàñòåíèÿì; âî-âòîðûõ, ïîñòîÿííàÿ ðàçìûâàþùàÿâîëíîâàÿ è ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ øòîðìîâàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ïîñòîÿííî íàðóøàþò ôîðìèðîâàíèåñîîáùåñòâ. Â ñèëó ýòèõ ïðè÷èí ïðèìîðñêàÿ ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü ïðåäñòàâëåíà íà Ãîãëàíäåíåáîëüøèìè ïî ïëîùàäè ôðàãìåíòàìè ñîîáùåñòâ: ëóãîâèíêàìè è áîëîòöàìè â ïëîñêèõñêàëüíûõ âàííàõ. Ëóãîâèíêè ïîäðàçäåëÿþòñÿ íà ñóõèå (ñ îâñÿíèöåé êðàñíîé, ïîëåâè-öåé òîíêîé, ïîäìàðåííèêîì æåëòûì, î÷èòêîì åäêèì), óìåðåííî óâëàæíåííûå (ñ ïèæ-ìîé îáûêíîâåííîé, ÿñòðåáèíêîé çîíòè÷íîé, âàëåðèàíîé ïðèìîðñêîé, ëóêîì ñêîðîäîé,ëÿäâåíåöîì Ðóïðåõòà) è âëàæíûå (ñ áîëîòíèöåé ôèíñêîé, ñèòíèêîì Æåðàðà, âåéíèêîìíåçàìå÷åííûì, ïîäîðîæíèêîì ìîðñêèì). Ïî ñêàëèñòûì áåðåãàì, â òðåùèíàõ è ðàñùå-ëèíàõ îñîáåííî îáèëüíû ëóê ñêîðîäà, êîëîêîëü÷èê êðóãëîëèñòíûé, ñèòíèê Æåðàðà,

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ìøàíêà óçëîâàòàÿ, ìøàíêà ëåæà÷àÿ, òîðè÷íèê ïðèìîðñêèé. Äëÿ êàìåíèñòûõ ïîáåðå-æèé õàðàêòåðíû ëàáàçíèê âÿçîëèñòíûé, âåðáåéíèê îáûêíîâåííûé, äâóêèñòî÷íèê òðîñò-íèêîâûé, äåðáåííèê ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé, øëåìíèê îáûêíîâåííûé, âåðîíèêà äëèííîëèñò-íàÿ, ïîëûíü îáûêíîâåííàÿ, ùàâåëü äëèííîëèñòíûé, ùàâåëü êóð÷àâûé, ïèæìà îáûêíî-âåííàÿ, ïîëåâèöà ïîáåãîîáðàçóþùàÿa, õëîïóøêà ïðèìîðñêàÿ, ãîðîøåê ìûøèíûé, ëóêñêîðîäà, âàëåðèàíà ïðèìîðñêàÿ, êóëüáàáà îñåííÿÿ è äð. Ïñàììîôèòíî-òðàâÿíûå ñîîá-ùåñòâà ñ âîëîñíåöîì ïåñ÷àíûì, ãîíêåíèåé áóòåðëàêîâèäíîé, ÷èíîé ïðèìîðñêîé, ïîäìà-ðåííèêîì æåëòûì è ðîçîé ìîðùèíèñòîé âñòðå÷àþòñÿ â ïåñ÷àíîé áóõòå Êàïïåëüëàõòè âñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâà.

Èç íàèáîëåå ðåäêèõ ëèòîðàëüíûõ âèäîâ ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü ëóê ñêîðîäó, òðåõðåáåðíèêïðèìîðñêèé, îñîêè — ïåñ÷àíóþ, ãàëå÷íèêîâóþ, ñêàíäèíàâñêóþ, îñîò íèçêèé, ëåáåäóêðàñèâîïëîäíóþ è äëèííîíîæêîâóþ, òîðè÷íèê ïðèìîðñêèé, çîëîòîòûñÿ÷íèê ïðèìîð-ñêèé.

Â íåáîëüøèõ óãëóáëåíèÿõ è ðàçëîìàõ ñêàë íà îñòðîâå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ î÷åíü ñïåöèôè÷å-ñêèå áîëîòíûå öåíîçû, òàê íàçûâàåìûå «âèñÿ÷èå» áîëîòöà. Äëÿ íèõ õàðàêòåðíû ìíîãèåâèäû îñîê (Áóêñáàóìà, æåëòàÿ, ñåðîâàòàÿ, åæåâèäíî-êîëîñêîâàÿ, ÷åðíàÿ, îáåäíåííàÿ èäð.), âîñêîâíèê áîëîòíûé, ïóçûð÷àòêà ñðåäíÿÿ, åæîâíèê ïëàâàþùèé, ïàëüöåêîðíèêïÿòíèñòûé, ñèâåö ëóãîâîé, ïóõîíîñ àëüïèéñêèé, ðîãîç øèðîêîëèñòíûé, ðîñÿíêà êðóã-ëîëèñòíàÿ, ðîñÿíêà àíãëèéñêàÿ, ïóøèöà ìíîãîêîëîñêîâàÿ, øâåäñêèé äåðåí, âàëåðèàíàëåêàðñòâåííàÿ, ìîëèíèÿ ãîëóáàÿ, ñèòíèê Æåðàðà. ×àñòî âîñêîâíèê áîëîòíûé, âåðåñê,âîäÿíèêà îáîåïîïîëàÿ, èâà óøàñòàÿ îáðàçóþò ñïëîøíûå çàðîñëè.

Çíà÷èòåëüíûå ãëóáèíû, ñêàëüíûé ãðóíò, àêòèâíàÿ âîëíîâàÿ è øòîðìîâàÿ äåÿòåëü-íîñòü îïðåäåëÿþò ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíîå îòñóòñòâèå âîäíûõ ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé áëèç ïî-áåðåæüÿ îñòðîâà. Ëèøü íà ìåëêîâîäüÿõ íåìíîãèõ áóõò (Êèèñêèíêþëÿíëàõòè, Ëèèâà-ëàõòè, Êàïïåëüëàõòè) âñòðå÷àþòñÿ øåëêîâíèê ïðèìîðñêèé, ðäåñò ïðîíçåííîëèñòíûé,ðäåñò ìîðñêîé.

Íà Ãîãëàíäå ïðîèçðàñòàåò î÷åíü ìíîãî ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ðàñòåíèé, íî ÷àùå âñåãî îíè íåèãðàþò ñóùåñòâåííî ðîëè â ñëîæåíèè ðàñòèòåëüíûõ ñîîáùåñòâ. Òåì íå ìåíåå íà îñòðîâåáûëè îïèñàíû íåñêîëüêî ñîîáùåñòâ ñ âèäàìè, îáëàäàþùèìè îòíîñèòåëüíî çíà÷èìûìäëÿ ñîîáùåñòâà ïðîåêòèâíûì ïîêðûòèåì. Ñðåäè íèõ ÷àùå âñåãî âñòðå÷àþòñÿ áîëîòöà ñâîñêîâíèêîì áîëîòíûì. Â äâóõ ìåñòàõ íà óãîäüÿõ îêîëî îçåðà Âåòåëüÿðâè è îçåðà Ëèè-âàëàõäåíüÿðâè îòìå÷åíû ñîîáùåñòâà ìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ âëàæíîòðàâíûõ ëåñîâ ñ êíÿæå-íèêîé. Â íåìîðàëüíîòðàâÿíîì åëîâî-ìåëêîëèñòâåííîì ëåñó ïî ñêëîíó Ëîóíàòêîðêèà âòðàâÿíîì ïîêðîâå ñóùåñòâåííóþ ðîëü èãðàþò ïîäëåñíèê åâðîïåéñêèé è ïîäìàðåííèêäóøèñòûé.

Ôëîðà Ãîãëàíäà õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ çíà÷èòåëüíûì áîãàòñòâîì è ðàçíîîáðàçèåì: íà îñò-ðîâå, ïëîùàäü êîòîðîãî ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 21 êâ. êì, çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî 663 âèäà ñîñóäè-ñòûõ ðàñòåíèé. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, óðîâåíü âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà îñòðîâà ñîïîñòàâèì ñ òàêî-âûì íåêîòîðûõ ëîêàëüíûõ ôëîð Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé è Ïñêîâñêîé îáëàñòåé, ïëîùàäü êîòî-ðûõ â äåñÿòêè ðàç ïðåâûøàåò ïëîùàäü Ãîãëàíäà. Îñòðîâ ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî èíòåðåñåí â áîòà-íèêî-ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîì îòíîøåíèè, ïîñêîëüêó â ñîñòàâ åãî ôëîðû âõîäèò áîëüøîå ÷èñëîâèäîâ ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ íà ãðàíèöå ñâîåãî àðåàëà èëè â îòðûâå îò íå-ãî. Âñåãî íà îñòðîâå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí 51 «ïîãðàíè÷íî-àðåàëüíûé» âèä!

Íà Ãîãëàíäå îòìå÷åíî 62 âèäà ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé, çàíåñåííûõ â Êðàñíûå êíèãèðàçíîãî óðîâíÿ. Èç íèõ 52 âèäà âêëþ÷åíû â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Âîñòî÷íîé Ôåííîñêàíäèè(1998). Â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ïðèðîäû Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè. Òîì 2 (2000) âîøëè 27 âèäîâñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé, èç êîòîðûõ ê êàòåãîðèè íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿîòíîñÿòñÿ ÷åòûðå âèäà (î÷èòîê îäíîëåòíèé, ìå÷-òðàâà îáûêíîâåííàÿ, òèìîôååâêà àëü-ïèéñêàÿ, ïîäìàðåííèê ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé), 10 âèäîâ âêëþ÷åíû â êàòåãîðèþ óÿçâèìûõ,êðàéíå íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îõðàíå (êîñòåíåö ñåâåðíûé, êîñòåíåö âîëîñîâèäíûé, íåçàáóäêàâåòâèñòàÿ, ðîñÿíêà ïðîìåæóòî÷íàÿ, çîëîòîòûñÿ÷íèê ïðèìîðñêèé, æèâó÷êà ïèðàìèäàëü-íàÿ, çóáðîâêà þæíàÿ, êèçèëüíèê ÷åðíîïëîäíûé, êèçèëüíèê ñêàíäèíàâñêèé, òðåõðåáåð-íèê ïðèìîðñêèé) è 13 âèäîâ âîøëè â êàòåãîðèþ ðåäêèõ (ãðîçäîâíèê ðîìàøêîëèñòíûé,âóäñèÿ îáûêíîâåííàÿ, ëóê óãëîâàòûé, ëóê ñêîðîäà, ïîäëåñíèê åâðîïåéñêèé, ñìîëêààëüïèéñêàÿ, äåðåí øâåäñêèé, î÷åðåòíèê áóðûé, ïóõîíîñ äåðíèñòûé, âîäÿíèêà îáîåïî-ëàÿ, ÷èíà ëüíîëèñòíàÿ, ëîáåëèÿ Äîðòìàííà, âîñêîâíèê áîëîòíûé). Èç âèäîâ, âñòðå÷àþ-ùèõñÿ íà îñòðîâå Ãîãëàíä, ÷åòûðå âèäà (âîñêîâíèê áîëîòíûé, î÷åðåòíèê áóðûé, ëîáå-

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ëèÿ Äîðòìàííà, ìå÷-òðàâà îáûêíîâåííàÿ) çàíåñåíû â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÑÑÑÐ (1984) èÊðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÑÔÑÐ (1988). Îäíàêî ïîñëåäíèé èç ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ âûøå âèäîâ, ïî-âè-äèìîìó, ñëåäóåò ñ÷èòàòü èñ÷åçíóâøèì íà îñòðîâå, ïîñêîëüêó âñå ïîïûòêè îáíàðóæèòüåãî íà Ãîãëàíäå íå óâåí÷àëèñü óñïåõîì. Ïÿòü âèäîâ ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé — î÷èòîê îä-íîëåòíèé, î÷èòîê áåëûé, î÷èòîê øåñòèãðàííûé, òèìîôååâêà àëüïèéñêàÿ, ÿñòðåáèíêàñêàëüíàÿ — íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäå Ðîññèè èçâåñòíû òîëüêî ñ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä, è åùå îäèí âèä— ïîäìàðåííèê ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé — âñòðå÷àåòñÿ â Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè òîëüêî íà Ãîã-ëàíäå.

Ñïèñîê âèäîâ ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä (ñì. ïðèëîæåíèå 1) ñîñòàâëåí íàîñíîâå ãåðáàðíûõ ñáîðîâ è ëè÷íûõ íàáëþäåíèé Å. À. Ãëàçêîâîé â 1994—1998 ãã. è â2004 ã. (Ãëàçêîâà, 1996 à, á; 1997, 1998 à, á; 2000 à, á, â; 2001 à, á; 2002; Glazkova,1999). Áûëè èñïîëüçîâàíû òàêæå ãåðáàðíûå êîëëåêöèè è ðóêîïèñíûå ìàòåðèàëû Ìóçåÿåñòåñòâåííîé èñòîðèè Õåëüñèíêñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà (Í), Òàðòóñêîãî èíñòèòóòà çîîëîãèèè áîòàíèêè, Ìóçåÿ ôîí Áýðà â ã. Òàðòó, à òàêæå ñáîðû Â. È. Ñèìà÷åâà è ôèíñêèõ áîòà-íèêîâ (R. Lampinen, P. Uotila è äð.). Áûëè ó÷òåíû âñå ëèòåðàòóðíûå óêàçàíèÿ, íå âûçûâà-þùèå ñîìíåíèÿ â èõ äîñòîâåðíîñòè (Brenner, 1871 a, b; 1884, 1892, 1894; Huldén, 1941;Hulten, 1950; Häyrén, 1943; Kurki, 1912, 1913; Lampinen, Uotila, 1995; Peltola, 1960;Ruprecht, 1860; Saelan, 1858, 1900, 1904; Schrenk, 1841; Toivonen, 1978; Ulvinen, 1974;Uotila, 1993; Vilberg, 1927; Wainio, 1881; Ñèìà÷åâ, Áî÷, Íîñêîâ, 1995 è äð.).

Ñïèñîê âêëþ÷àåò 663 âèäà ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé, èçâåñòíûõ ñ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä, â òîì÷èñëå êóëüòèâèðóåìûå ðàíåå âèäû, ñîõðàíèâøèåñÿ íà ìåñòàõ áûâøèõ ïîñåëåíèé. Òàê-ñîíû ïðèâåäåíû â àëôàâèòíîì ïîðÿäêå. Íîìåíêëàòóðà è îáúåì òàêñîíîâ â áîëüøèíñòâåñëó÷àåâ ñîîòâåòñòâóþò «Îïðåäåëèòåëþ ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîé Ðîññèè»(Öâåëåâ, 2000).

Vascular Plants

The flora and vegetation of Gogland (Suursaari) are peculiar for a significant abundance and diversity.On rocks and weakly sodded crystalline rock outcrops thin pine forests have developed, with Juniperus,

Calluna, Vacciium vitis-idaea, Arctostaphylos, as well as Cotoneaster species, rare to the Leningrad Re-gion, — Cotoneaster scandinavicus and C. melanocarpus.

Tops of rocky hills are covered with heathlands of lichen, Calluna and Avenella types, alternating withthin pine forests.

Moistened areas on slopes and at the base of the rocks are occupied by green moss pine forests ofVaccinium myrtillus, dwarf shrub or hair grass types, with Ribes alpinum, Rubus idaeus and Juniperus in theunderstorey.

On boulder and detritus-diluvial deposits in the middle and lower parts of the slopes, there occur spruce,pine-spruce, small-leaved-spruce and small-leaved-pine forests of Vaccinium myrtillus — green moss andOxalis — green moss types, as well as Vaccinium myrtillus — grass type.

Occurring on flat boulder terraces with periodical stagnation of ground water are spruce forests ofVaccinium myrtillus — fern — green-moss — Sphagnum or Oxalis — fern — green-moss — Sphagnum type.

Widespread in the southern part of the island are coniferous-small-leaved forests of Vacciniummyrtillus — green-moss and fern-grass types, peculiar for a significant abundance of nemoral herbs. Amongrare vascular plant species, Hierochloë australis, Sanicula europaea, Lathyrus linifolius, Galium odoratum,Corydalis intermedia, Actaea spicata occur there.

A unique maple-ash grove on the ground of the former Finnish village Kiiskinkylä is of great interest. Themaples and ashes were planted there as early as in the late 19th century, and have extended widely beyondtheir former cultivation area, propagating by seeds. At present, a moist maple-ash forest with herb-grasscover occurs there. Rich in species grass-forbs meadows, which surround the grove, have resulted from bogdraining and bringing ground from the Estonian coast by local people.

Many rare, threatened vascular plant species are found on sedge-sphagnum bogs in the vicinity of lakes.Occurring at swampy sides of the Liivalahdenjärvi Lake are Trichophorum caespitosum, Rhynchosporafusca, Hammarbya paludosa, Drosera intermedia, Chamaepericlymenum suecicum. Growing in theLounatjärvi Lake are species rare to the Russian North-West: Lobelia dortmanna, Juncus supinus. Knownfrom old records are also Cladium mariscus and Littorella uniflora.

Extremely rare species in the Russian North-West, such as Sedum annuum, Arabidopsis suecica,Spergula morisonii, Geranium robertianum, Myosotis ramosissima, Steris alpina, Ajuga pyramidalis,

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Agrostis vinealis, Phleum alpinum are related to the outcrops of crystalline rocks. In wet rock fissures, thereare rare fern species: Asplenium trichomanes, A. septentrionale, Woodsia ilvensis, Cystopteris fragilis.

The unique place of Gogland is Pohjoiskorkia Hill, with extremely rare stonecrop species in the RussianNorth-West: Sedum album, S. annuum, S. sexangulare growing on the top of the hill, as well as other rare vas-cular plant species: Spergula morisonii, Geranium robertianum, Steris alpina, Cotoneaster scandinavicus,Asplenium trichomanes, A. septentrionale.

The vegetation cover of sea coasts of Gogland deserves special mention. Among most rare littoral spe-cies, following ones are noteworthy: Allium schoenoprasum, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Carex arenaria,C. glareosa, C. scandinavica, Sonchus humilis, Atriplex calotheca, A. longipes, Spergularia marina,Centaurium littorale.

Very special bog coenoses occur on the island in minor hollows and rock rifts, namely so called «hang-ing» tiny bogs with Chamaepericlymenum suecicum, Myrica gale, Molinia caerulea, Empetrumhermaphroditum, Carex buxbaumii, C. flava, C. echinata and many other species.

The flora of Gogland is characterized by a significant abundance and diversity, 663 vascular plant speciesare recorded on the island (see appendix 1), 51 of them occurring there near the borders of their main distribu-tion areas.

Recorded on the island are 62 vascular plant species included in the Red Data Books of different rank, 52of them being included in the «Red Data Book of East Fennoscandia» (1998). 27 vascular plant species are in-cluded in the «Red Data Book of Nature of the Leningrad Region. Vol. 2» (2000), among them four speciesfalling into «endangered» category, 10 species into the category «vulnerable» and extremely needing protec-tion, and 13 species into the «rare» category. Five vascular plant species, namely Sedum album, S. annuum, S.sexangulare, Phleum alpinum, Hieracium saxifragum, are recorded in the Russian North-West only fromGogland Island, and one species, namely Galium intermedium, occurs in the Leningrad Region on Goglandonly.

2.5.2. Ìîõîîáðàçíûå

Ïåðâûå äàííûå î ìîõîîáðàçíûõ Ãîãëàíäà ìîæíî íàéòè â ðàáîòå À. Ã. Øðåíêà(Schrenk, 1841), ïîñâÿùåííîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè îñòðîâà. Â íåé ïðèâîäèòñÿ ñåìü âèäîâ çå-ëåíûõ ìõîâ, à òàêæå îäèí âèä ñôàãíà — Sphagnum squarrosum Crome è ïå÷åíî÷íèê Pti-lidium ciliare (L.) Hampe. Ïîçæå Ãîãëàíä ïîñåùàëè è ñîáèðàëè êîëëåêöèè ìîõîîáðàç-íûõ Ò. Ñåëàí, Ñ. Î. Ëèíäáåðã, Ì. Áðåííåð (Th. Saelan, S. O. Lindberg, M. Brenner) è ðÿä äðó-ãèõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé. Â ðàáîòå Áðåííåðà (Brenner, 1884) ïðèâîäèòñÿ ðÿä âèäîâ ìõîâ: Sph.capillifolium, Sph. fallax, Leucobryum glaucum, Dicranum spurium, Dicranum polysetum,Pleurozium schreberii, Warnstorfia fluitans, Fontinalis antipyretica. Ãåðáàðèè Áðåííåðà èËèíäáåðãà XIX âåêà õðàíÿòñÿ â Õåëüñèíêñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå. Íà îñíîâàíèè èìåþùèõñÿêîëëåêöèé Â. Ô. Áðîòåðóñ äëÿ îñòðîâîâ Ãîãëàíä è Áîëüøîé Òþòåðñ ïðèâîäèò 114 âèäîâçåëåíûõ ìõîâ (Brotherus, 1923). Ê. Êàðòòóíåí â ñâîåé ìàãèñòåðñêîé äèññåðòàöèè óêàçûâà-åò äëÿ Ãîãëàíäà 177 âèäîâ çåëåíûõ, 17 âèäîâ ñôàãíîâûõ è 75 âèäîâ ïå÷åíî÷íûõ ìõîâ(Karttunen, 1986). Ýòà ðàáîòà áûëà îñíîâàíà íà ìàòåðèàëàõ Ñ. Î. Ëèíäáåðãà — êîëëåê-öèè ìîõîîáðàçíûõ, ñîáðàííîé ëåòîì 1867 ã. íà Ãîãëàíäå è åãî íåîïóáëèêîâàííîé ðóêî-ïèñè. Êðîìå òîãî, Ê. Êàðòòóíåíîì áûëà ïðîâåäåíà ðåâèçèÿ ìàòåðèàëîâ ïî ìîõîîáðàç-íûì Ãîãëàíäà, õðàíÿùèõñÿ â ãåðáàðèè Õåëüñèíêñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà (H). Â1993—1995 ãã. Ì. Ñ. Áî÷ è Ì. Ã. Íîñêîâîé áûë ñîáðàí îáøèðíûé ãåðáàðèé ìîõîîá-ðàçíûõ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå îáðàáîòêè ýòèõ ñáîðîâ äëÿ Ãîãëàíäà âûÿâëåíî 90 âèäîâ è äâå ðàç-íîâèäíîñòè çåëåíûõ ìõîâ (Êóðáàòîâà, Íîñêîâà, 2002), à òàêæå 21 âèä ñôàãíîâ, îïðåäå-ëåííûõ Å. Î. Êóçüìèíîé.

Ïî ãåðáàðíûì ìàòåðèàëàì è ëèòåðàòóðíûì äàííûì ñîñòàâëåí ñïèñîê ìõîâ îñòðîâàÃîãëàíä (ñì. ïðèëîæåíèå 2). Îí âêëþ÷àåò 178 âèäîâ ëèñòîñòåáåëüíûõ ìõîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå12 âèäîâ èç Êðàñíîé êíèãè ïðèðîäû Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè (2000).

Bryophytes

The checklist of mosses of the Gogland Island (see annex 2) was compiled using herbarium materials anddata from the literature. It comprises 178 species, including 12 species listed in the Red Data Book of the Le-ningrad Region (2000).

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2.5.3. Ëèøàéíèêè

Ëèõåíîôëîðà Ãîãëàíäà, êàê è äðóãèõ îñòðîâîâ ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà,îñòàåòñÿ ìàëîèçó÷åííîé. Íà ïðîòÿæåíèè áîëåå 100 ëåò åäèíñòâåííîé ðàáîòîé, ïîñâÿ-ùåííîé ëèøàéíèêàì îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä, ÿâëÿëàñü ñâîäêà Áðåííåðà (Brenner, 1886). Ñîâðå-ìåííûå ñáîðû ëèøàéíèêîâ ñ îñòðîâà äàòèðóþòñÿ òîëüêî êîíöîì 90-õ ãîäîâ ÕÕ âåêà. Â÷àñòíîñòè, â ãåðáàðèè Õåëüñèíêñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà õðàíÿòñÿ åäèíè÷íûå ñáîðû Ï. Óîòè-ëà ñ îñòðîâîâ Ìàëûé Òþòåðñ è Ãîãëàíä (ìàòåðèàëû íå îïóáëèêîâàíû), â ãåðáàðèè êà-ôåäðû áîòàíèêè ÑÏáÃÓ èìåþòñÿ ñáîðû ñ íåêîòîðûõ îñòðîâîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå ñ Ãîãëàíäà.Ýòè ìàòåðèàëû ÷àñòè÷íî îïóáëèêîâàíû (Àëåêñååâà, Çàâàðçèí, 2001).

Ñïèñîê ëèøàéíèêîâ Ì. Áðåííåðà (Brenner, 1886) äëÿ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä, ñ ó÷åòîì ñîâðå-ìåííîé íîìåíêëàòóðû ñîäåðæèò 385 òàêñîíîâ ëèøàéíèêîâ (Çàâàðçèí è äð., 1999). Íàîñíîâàíèè ýòîé ðàáîòû ìîæíî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî Ãîãëàíä îòëè÷àåòñÿ áîãàòñòâîì êàê ýïèôèò-íûõ, òàê è ýïèëèòíûõ è ýïèãåéíûõ ëèøàéíèêîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê. Â ðàáîòå Î. Âèòèêàé-íåíà (Vitikainen, 1994) ñîäåðæèòñÿ óêàçàíèå íà íàõîäêó åùå îäíîãî âèäà â ñáîðàõÌ. Áðåííåðà — Peltigera degenii.

26 âèäîâ ëèøàéíèêîâ èç ñïèñêà Áðåííåðà áûëè âêëþ÷åíû â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ïðèðîäûËåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè (2000), èç íèõ 8 âèäîâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ýïèôèòíûìè, 10 — ýïèëèòíû-ìè, 8 — ýïèãåéíûìè. Ïðè ýòîì òîëüêî Umbilicaria hirsuta áûëà âñòðå÷åíà â ñîâðåìåí-íûõ ñáîðàõ íà ïðèáðåæíûõ ãðàíèòíûõ ñêàëàõ. Îäíàêî åñòü âñå îñíîâàíèÿ ïðåäïîëàãàòü,÷òî è îñòàëüíûå âèäû â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âñòðå÷àþòñÿ íà îñòðîâå, òåì áîëåå ÷òî äëÿìíîãèõ èç íèõ èìåþòñÿ ñîâðåìåííûå íàõîäêè ñ äðóãèõ îñòðîâîâ Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà.

Â ãåðáàðèè êàôåäðû áîòàíèêè ÑÏáÃÓ ïðåäñòàâëåíî âñåãî 28 âèäîâ, ñîáðàííûõ íàîñòðîâå Ãîãëàíä â 1993 è 2003 ãîäàõ. Ïðè ýòîì ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ïÿòü èç ïåðå÷èñ-ëåííûõ âèäîâ îòñóòñòâóþò â ñïèñêå Ì. Áðåííåðà (ñì. ïðèëîæåíèå 3).

Áåçóñëîâíî, ôëîðà ëèøàéíèêîâ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä òðåáóåò äàëüíåéøåãî äåòàëüíîãîèçó÷åíèÿ. Ýòî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò áîëüøîé èíòåðåñ êàê äëÿ îöåíêè èçìåíåíèé âèäîâîãî ñîñòà-âà ëèøàéíèêîâ çà ïîñëåäíèå 100 ëåò, òàê è óòî÷íåíèÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ðåäêèõ è îõðà-íÿåìûõ âèäîâ.

Lichens

Similarly to other islands of the Russian Gulf of Finland, Gogland’s lichen flora remains poorly studied.For more than a hundred years, the report by Brenner (1886) has been the only paper dealing with lichens ofthe Island. 26 lichen species from Brenner’s checklist were included in the Red Data Book of the LeningradRegion (2000). The herbarium of the St. Petersburg University’s Botany Chair contains samples of 28 speciescollected from the Gogland Island in 1993 and 2003. One should note that five of the species are absent fromthe Brenner’s checklist (see annex 3).

2.6. ÔÀÓÍÀ

FAUNA

Ôàóíà áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä, â òîì ÷èñëå ÷åðâåé è ïàóêîâ, èçó÷åíà íåäî-ñòàòî÷íî. Èñêëþ÷åíèå, ìîæåò áûòü, ñîñòàâëÿþò ñâåäåíèÿ ïî áðþõîíîãèì ìîëëþñêàì:Çäåñü, ïî äàííûì Ëþòåðà (Luther, 1901, öèò. ïî: I. Välikangas, 1937), îáíàðóæåíî 28 âèäîâ.Àâòîð ñâÿçûâàåò òàêîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå ôàóíû ìîëëþñêîâ ñ ïðèñóòñòâèåì íà îñòðîâå èçâå-ñòè â êâàðöèòî-ïîðôèðîâûõ ïîðîäàõ. Îñîáàÿ äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòü ôàóíû îñòðîâà —âèä èç Êðàñíîé êíèãè ïðèðîäû Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè — áîëüøîé ÷åðíûé ñëèçåíü Li-max cinereoniger (Wolf). Îñîáåé ýòîãî âèäà ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü íà ñêëîíàõ è ó ïîäíîæèéâîçâûøåííîñòåé, çàðîñøèõ ìõàìè.

2.6.1. Íàñåêîìûå

Ôàóíà íàñåêîìûõ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä èçó÷åíà ê íàñòîÿùåìó âðåìåíè êðàéíå ñëàáî. Â30-å ãîäû ïðîøëîãî ñòîëåòèÿ îñòðîâ ïîñåòèëè äâà ýíòîìîëîãà — Ñààëàñ è Õåëëåí, íî ñî-áðàííûå èìè äàííûå íå áûëè îïóáëèêîâàíû (Välikangas, 1937). Ñïåöèàëüíûå ñâîäêè ïîôàóíå íàñåêîìûõ îñòðîâà ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóþò. Îäíàêî íà÷èíàÿ ñ ïîñëåäíåé ÷åò-

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âåðòè ïîçàïðîøëîãî ñòîëåòèÿ â ëèòåðàòóðå èìåþòñÿ îòðûâî÷íûå äàííûå (áîëåå 45 èñ-òî÷íèêîâ) ïî îòäåëüíûì ãðóïïàì íàñåêîìûõ, êîòîðûå áûëè îáíàðóæåíû íà îñòðîâå.Ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëîâèíà âñåõ ðàáîò ïîñâÿùåíà ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿì îòðÿäîâ Coleoptera, Lepi-doptera è Hymenoptera (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî Ichneumonidae è Braconidae). Àìôèáèîòè÷å-ñêèå íàñåêîìûå è ìíîãèå ìàëûå îòðÿäû íàñåêîìûõ ñ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä ïðàêòè÷åñêè íåèçâåñòíû. Òàê, ñ òåððèòîðèè îñòðîâà íå èçâåñòíû ýíòîãíàòíûå íàñåêîìûå (Entognatha),ùåòèíîõâîñòêè (Triplura), ïîäåíêè (Ephemeroptera), âåñíÿíêè (Plecoptera), óõîâåðòêè(Dermatopterà), áåñöåðêîâûå (Panpsocoptera è Condylognatha), áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü õîáîòíûõíàñåêîìûõ (Hemelytrata), âåðáëþäêè (Rhaphidioptera), áîëüøåêðûëûå (Meganeuroptera),ñêîðïèîíîâûå ìóõè (Mecoptera), ðó÷åéíèêè (Trichoptera). Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî ôà-óíà íàñåêîìûõ Ãîãëàíäà èìååò ñõîäñòâî ñ òàêîâîé þæíîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ Ôèíëÿíäèè, íîìåíåå áîãàòà âèäàìè èç-çà îñòðîâíîãî îáåäíåíèÿ. Ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, èìåííî èç-çà èçîëè-ðîâàííîãî ïîëîæåíèÿ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä ìîæíî ïðîãíîçèðîâàòü íàõîæäåíèå íà íåì ðåä-êèõ è ðåëèêòîâûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ýíòîìîôàóíû.

Â ìîíîãðàôèè Ëèíäðîòà «Die Fennoscandishen Carabidae» äëÿ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä ïðèâî-äèòñÿ 86 âèäîâ æóêîâ èç ñåìåéñòâà Carabidae (Lindroth, 1945). Òðè âèäà èç ýòîãî ñïèñêà:áûñòðÿê ÷åòûðåõòî÷å÷íûé (Sericoda quadripunctata De Geer), ñêàêóí ëåñíîé (Cicindelasylvatica L.) è öèõðóñ æóæåëåöåâèäíûé (Cychrus caraboides L.) — âêëþ÷åíû â Êðàñíóþêíèãó ïðèðîäû Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè. Íà îñòðîâå Áîëüøîé Òþòåðñ, ðàñïîëîæåííîì â18 êì þæíåå îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä, íàéäåíû åùå òðè âèäà æóæåëèö: Carabus clathratus L.,C. nitens L. è Cicindela maritima Dej., êîòîðûå çàíåñåíû â Êðàñíûå êíèãè Ëåíèíãðàä-ñêîé îáëàñòè è ðÿäà ïðèáàëòèéñêèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ. Â ðàáîòå, ïîñâÿùåííîé ôàóíå äíåâíûõ÷åøóåêðûëûõ Ôåííîñêàíäèè, äëÿ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä è áëèçëåæàùèõ îñòðîâîâ Ôèíñêîãîçàëèâà ïðèâîäèòñÿ 19 âèäîâ áàáî÷åê (Nordström, 1955): Pararge achine Scop. (î. Ãîãëàíä),Hipparchia semele L. (î. Ãîãëàíä, î. Á. Òþòåðñ), Aphantopus hyperantus L. (î. Ãîãëàíä),Maniola jurtina L. (î. Ãîãëàíä), Hyponephele lycaon Kuhn (î. Ìîùíûé), Argynnis paphiaL. (î. Ãîãëàíä), Mesoacidalia aglaja L. (î. Ñåñêàð), Fabriciana niobe L. (î. Ãîãëàíä), Meli-taea cinxia L. (î. Ãîãëàíä, î. Á. Òþòåðñ), Polyommatus icarus Rott. (î. Á. Òþòåðñ), Papiliomachaon L. (î. Ãîãëàíä, î. Á. Òþòåðñ), Parnassius apollo L. (î. Ãîãëàíä), Aporia crataegiL. (î. Ãîãëàíä, î. Ì. Òþòåðñ), Pieris brassicae L. (î. Ãîãëàíä, î. Á. Òþòåðñ, î. Ìîùíûé,î. Ñåñêàð), Pieris rapae L. (î. Ãîãëàíä, î. Á. Òþòåðñ, î. Ñåñêàð), Pieris napi L. (î. Ãîã-ëàíä, î. Á. Òþòåðñ), Pontia edusa F. (î. Á. Òþòåðñ), Gonepteryx rhamni L. (î. Ñåñêàð),Thymelicus lineola Ochs. (î. Ñåñêàð). Âèäû: Pararge achine Scop., Pontia edusa F., Papiliomachaon L. è Parnassius apollo L. âíåñåíû â Êðàñíûå êíèãè Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè èÂîñòî÷íîé Ôåííîñêàíäèè.

Îñîáåííî èíòåðåñíî íàõîæäåíèå íà îñòðîâå Ãîãëàíä àïîëëîíà îáûêíîâåííîãî Parnas-sius apollo L., êîòîðûé ñïîðàäè÷íî ðàñïðîñòðàíåí â òàåæíîé çîíå Âîñòî÷íîé è Öåíòðà-ëüíîé Åâðîïû, â ãîðíûõ ðàéîíàõ Þãî-Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè è Ñðåäíåé Àçèè. Îí èìååò áî-ëåå 150 ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ ïîäâèäîâ. ×èñëåííîñòü ýòîãî âèäà ïîâñåìåñòíî ñîêðàùàåòñÿ(îñîáåííî áûñòðî â åâðîïåéñêèõ ÷àñòÿõ àðåàëà). Â Þæíîé è Þãî-Çàïàäíîé Ôèíëÿíäèèîáèòàþò 2 ïîäâèäà àïîëëîíà: Parnassius apollo finmarchicus è Parnassius apollo fennos-candicus, à â Þæíîé Êàðåëèè âîäèòñÿ Parnassius apollo carelius (Kaisila, 1948). Â 1937 ã.àïîëëîí áûë îòìå÷åí íà îñòðîâå Ãîãëàíä (Kotzsch, 1937). Àâòîðîì áûëî ïðåäëîæåíî âûäå-ëèòü ïîïóëÿöèþ àïîëëîíà îáûêíîâåííîãî, îáèòàþùóþ íà îñòðîâå â îòäåëüíûé ïîä-âèä Parnassius apollo hoglandicus, îäíàêî òèïîâàÿ ñåðèÿ òàê è íå áûëà âûäåëåíà.Ïîçäíåå Parnassius apollo ïðèâîäèëñÿ äëÿ îñòðîâà è â ðàáîòàõ äðóãèõ àâòîðîâ (Kaisila,1948; Nordström, 1955; Grönblom et al., 1962; Äåðæàâåö è äð., 1986). Â íà÷àëå èþëÿ 1993 ã.àïîëëîí îáûêíîâåííûé îòìå÷àëñÿ íà îñòðîâå Ãîãëàíä â ðàéîíå Êèèñêèíêþëÿ. Ïî ñîîá-ùåíèÿì ìåñòíûõ æèòåëåé, ýòèõ ðåä÷àéøèõ äëÿ Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè áàáî÷åê îíè ðå-ãóëÿðíî âñòðå÷àþò íà ëóãàõ è ïîëÿíàõ â öåíòðàëüíîé è ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòÿõ îñòðîâà â êîí-öå èþíÿ — íà÷àëå èþëÿ. Îäíàêî â êîëëåêöèÿõ ÇÈÍ ÐÀÍ è êàôåäðû ýíòîìîëîãèèÑÏáÃÓ íè îäíîãî ýêçåìïëÿðà èç Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè íå ïðåäñòàâëåíî. Ãóñåíèöûàïîëëîíà ðàçâèâàþòñÿ íà î÷èòêàõ (ðîä Sedum). Íà îñòðîâå Ãîãëàíä ïðîèçðàñòàåò ÷åòûðåâèäà î÷èòêîâ (íåêîòîðûå èç íèõ ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå), ÷òî, ïî-âèäèìîìó, è ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñíîâ-íîé ïðè÷èíîé îáèòàíèÿ ýòîãî ðåäêîãî âèäà áàáî÷åê íà îñòðîâå. Ñîãëàñíî èìåþùèìñÿ íàíàñòîÿùèé ìîìåíò äàííûì, îñòðîâ Ãîãëàíä, âåðîÿòíî, åäèíñòâåííîå ìåñòîîáèòàíèå Par-nassius apollo â Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè.

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Â ìîíîãðàôèè, ïîñâÿùåííîé ñîâêàì Noctuidae Ôåííîñêàíäèè, äëÿ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíäïðèâîäèòñÿ 69 âèäîâ (Nordström et. al., 1969). Îäèí èç ýòèõ 69 âèäîâ Anarta myrtilli L.,à òàêæå åùå ÷åòûðå âèäà èç ýòîãî ñåìåéñòâà: Acronicta strigosa Den. et Schiff., Actebiafennica Tausch., Catocala promissa Den. et Schiff., C. sponsa L., êîòîðûå áûëè íàéäåíûíà ñìåæíûõ îñòðîâàõ Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà, âêëþ÷åíû â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îá-ëàñòè. Èç ñåìåéñòâà Geometridae íà îñòðîâå îáèòàåò èñ÷åçàþùèé âèä Euphyia biangulataHw. (Ìèðîíîâ, 2002). Ôàóíà Lepidoptera îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä îñòàåòñÿ êðàéíå ìàëîèññëåäî-âàííîé. Íåîáõîäèìî ïðîäîëæèòü áîëåå äåòàëüíîå èçó÷åíèå ëåïèäîïòåðîôàóíû, îñîáåííîåå âåñåííèé è ëåòíèé àñïåêòû. Ñëåäóåò èìåòü â âèäó, ÷òî íà Ãîãëàíäå ïðîèçðàñòàþòìíîãèå ðåäêèå äëÿ Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè âèäû ðàñòåíèé, êîòîðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîòåíöèà-ëüíîé êîðìîâîé áàçîé äëÿ ìíîãèõ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ áàáî÷åê. Íà îñíîâàíèè ýòîãî ìû ìîæåìïðåäïîëàãàòü íàõîæäåíèå íà îñòðîâå ñëåäóþùèõ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ÷åøóåêðûëûõ:

Ñåìåéñòâî

Family

Âèä

Species

Hesperiidae Hesperia comma L., Thymelicus sylvestris Poda

Papilionidae Driopa mnemosyne L.

Pieridae Pontia edusa Fabrizius

Nymphalidae Issoria lathonia L, Melitaea phoebe Goeze, Melitaea didyma Esper, Mellicta aureliaNickerl, Apatura iris L.

Satyridae *Coenonympha arcania L., Coenonympha hero L.

Lycaenidae Maculinea arion L., Lycaena helle D. et S., Fixsenia pruni L., Thersamonolycaenaalciphron Rottemburg, Cupido minimus Fuessly

Pseudophilotes schiffermuelleri Hemming, *Scolitantides orion L.

Çâåçäî÷êàìè îòìå÷åíû âèäû, êîòîðûå íå íàéäåíû íà òåððèòîðèè Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãà èËåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè. Ìíîãèå âèäû èç âûøåïðèâåäåííîãî ñïèñêà âêëþ÷åíû â Êðàñ-íûå êíèãè Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè è Âîñòî÷íîé Ôåííîñêàíäèè.

Òàêæå áîëüøîé èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ôàóíà àìôèáèîòè÷åñêèõ íàñåêîìûõ îñòðîâàÃîãëàíä. Íà îñòðîâå èìååòñÿ ïÿòü âíóòðåííèõ îçåð, ìíîæåñòâî ìåëêèõ ðó÷üåâ è âûõî-äîâ ðîäíèêîâ. Îñîáûé èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ðîäíèêîâûé ðàéîí â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Êèèñ-êèíêþëÿ è ðîäíèêîâûå ðó÷üè, ñòåêàþùèå íà çàïàä èç îçåðà Ëîóíàòúÿðâè. Â ýòèõ ìåñ-òàõ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ëè÷èíîê ðó÷åéíèêîâ (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî èç ñå-ìåéñòâà Limnephilidae). Â áåðåãîâûõ âàííàõ òàêæå íàáëþäàëîñü áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ëè-÷èíîê ðó÷åéíèêîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå è èç ñåìåéñòâà Phryganeidae. Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå ïðè ïî-ñëåäóþùèõ ñáîðàõ ñëåäóåò óäåëèòü ðîäíèêàì è ìàëåíüêèì ðó÷üÿì â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ áóõòÑóóðêþëÿíëàõòè, Êàïïåëüëàõòè è Ëåòòîëàõòè. Íèæå ïðèâîäèòñÿ êðàòêèé îáçîð ôàóíûíàñåêîìûõ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä, ñîñòàâëåííûé íà îñíîâå ìàòåðèàëà, ñîáðàííîãî âî âðåìÿêðàòêîâðåìåííîé ïîåçäêè àâòîðà íà îñòðîâ Ãîãëàíä îñåíüþ 2004 ã. Íåîáõîäèìî îòìå-òèòü, ÷òî ïðèâåäåííûé íèæå îáçîð îòðÿäîâ íàñåêîìûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ äàëåêî íå ïîëíûì è îò-ðàæàåò ëèøü îñíîâíûå ÷åðòû îñåííåãî àñïåêòà ýíòîìîôàóíû îñòðîâà. Â îáçîðå îòäåëü-íîå âíèìàíèå óäåëåíî îòðÿäó Trichoptera ââèäó òîãî, ÷òî îñíîâíîé èíòåðåñ àâòîðà ëå-æèò ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì, â îáëàñòè òðèõîïòåðîëîãèè.

Ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé îòðÿäîâ Ephemeroptera (ïîäåíêè), Dermatopterà (óõîâåðòêè), Rhaphi-dioptera (âåðáëþäêè), Meganeuroptera (áîëüøåêðûëûå) è Mecoptera (ñêîðïèîíîâûå ìó-õè) â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèé îáíàðóæèòü íà îñòðîâå Ãîãëàíä íå óäàëîñü. Îäíàêî èõ íàõîæ-äåíèå íà îñòðîâå âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî. Áîëüøåêðûëûå íàñåêîìûå ïðåäñòàâëåíû íà òåððèòî-ðèè Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè ïÿòüþ âèäàìè èç ñåìåéñòâà Sialidae, èìàãî êîòîðûõ âñòðå-÷àþòñÿ â êîíöå âåñíû — íà÷àëå ëåòà âáëèçè ðàçëè÷íûõ âîäîåìîâ. Ïðè÷åì òðè âèäà èçýòîãî ñåìåéñòâà çàíåñåíû â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè.

Èç îòðÿäà Odonata (ñòðåêîçû) íà îñòðîâå îòìå÷åíî ïÿòü âèäîâ: Aeschna cianea Mull.,Aeschna grandis L., Lestes sponsa Hans., Sympetrum flaveolum L., Sympetrum vulgatumL. Öåëûé ðÿä íàñåêîìûõ áûë îáíàðóæåí â âèäå åäèíè÷íûõ íàõîäîê. Òàê, ëè÷èíêè ïåð-âûõ âîçðàñòîâ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ñåìåéñòâà Capniidae (îòðÿä Plecoptera — âåñíÿíêè) áûëèîáíàðóæåíû òîëüêî â ðîäíèêîâîì ðó÷üå â ðàéîíå îçåðà Äàëüíåå. Èç îòðÿäà Neoblatta-

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riae (òàðàêàíû) áûë îòìå÷åí îáû÷íûé âèä — Ectobius sylvestris Poda. Íà îñòðîâå áûëèâñòðå÷åíû íåñêîëüêî âèäîâ ïåííèö — ñåìåéñòâî Aphrophoridae è öèêàäîê — ñåìåéñòâîCicadellidae (îòðÿä Heteropteroidea — õîáîòíûå íàñåêîìûå). Ñðåäè ïðÿìîêðûëûõ íàñå-êîìûõ (îòðÿä Saltatoria) îòìå÷åíû äâà âèäà: Decticus verrucivorus L. è Chorthippus sp.Ïîëóæåñòêîêðûëûå íàñåêîìûå (îòðÿä Heteroptera) áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíû îáû÷íûìè äëÿñåâåðî-çàïàäà Ðîññèè âèäàìè: Elasmostethus interstinctus L., Elasmucha betulae Deg. (ñå-ìåéñòâî Acanthosomatidae), Polymerus vulneratus Pz. (ñåìåéñòâî Miridae), Corixa sahlber-gi Fieb. (ñåìåéñòâî Corixidae). Òàêæå â âîäîåìàõ îñòðîâà áûëî îòìå÷åíî íåñêîëüêî âèäîâêëîïîâ èç ñåìåéñòâà Gerridae.

Íà Ãîãëàíäå áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 25 âèäîâ æóêîâ (îòðÿä Coleoptera æåñòêîêðûëûå)èç äåâÿòè ñåìåéñòâ: Carabidae (6), Dytiscidae (2), Hydrophilidae (1), Scarabaeidae (3), Coc-cinellidae (3), Cerambicidae (1), Chrysomelidae (3), Curculionidae (3), Staphylinidae (3).Âñå îáíàðóæåííûå âèäû æåñòêîêðûëûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ îáû÷íûìè äëÿ ôàóíû Ëåíèíãðàäñêîéîáëàñòè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèé. Â êîíöå ñåíòÿáðÿ â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâà áûë îò-ìå÷åí ìàññîâûé ëåò ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿ îòðÿäà Euneuropteroidea (ñåò÷àòîêðûëûå), à èìåííîChrysopa carnea Steph. (ñåìåéñòâî Chrysopidae). Îòðÿä Hymenoptera (ïåðåïîí÷àòîêðû-ëûå) ïðåäñòàâëåí îáû÷íûìè äëÿ äàííîãî ðåãèîíà âèäàìè: Formica aquilonia Yarrow,Formica fusca L., Lasius niger L., Lasius flavus F., Leptothorax acervorum F., Myrmicasp. (ñåìåéñòâî Formicidae) è Bombus terrestris L. (ñåìåéñòâî Apidae).

Ñðåäè äâóêðûëûõ íàñåêîìûõ (îòðÿä Diptera) îòìå÷åíû ñëåäóþùèå âèäû: Rhipidiamaculata Mg., Limonia macrostigma Schum. (ñåìåéñòâî Limoniidae), Tricyphona immacu-late Mg. (ñåìåéñòâî Pediciidae), Bibio sp. (ñåìåéñòâî Bibionidae), Tipula sp. (ñåìåéñòâî Ti-pulidae), à òàêæå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ñåìåéñòâ Sciaridae, Culicidae, Tabanidae, Calliphoridae,Sacrophagidae, Syrphidae è Muscidae.

Íà îñòðîâå Ãîãëàíä áûëè ñîáðàíû ëè÷èíêè ðó÷åéíèêîâ (îòðÿä Trichoptera) èç ðîäîâLimnephilus, Anabolia, Halesus, Ceraclea è íåêîòîðûõ äðóãèõ. Òàêæå ïî èìàãèíàëüíîéñòàäèè îïðåäåëåíû ñëåäóþùèå âèäû ðó÷åéíèêîâ: Agrypnia picta Kol. (ñåìåéñòâî Phryga-neidae), Grammotaulius nigropunctatus Retz., Limnephilus coenosus Curt., Limnephilus ele-gans Curt., Limnephilus griseus L., Limnephilus sparsus Curt., Limnephilus rhombicus L.,Limnephilus vittatus Fabr., Nemotaulius punctatolineatus Retz., Potamophylax latipennisCurt. (ñåìåéñòâî Limnephilidae), Silo pallipes Fabr. (ñåìåéñòâî Goeridae), Lepidostoma hir-tum Fabr (ñåìåéñòâî Lepidostomatidae), Ceraclea annulicornis Steph. (ñåìåéñòâî Leptoceri-dae). Îñîáåííî èíòåðåñíà íàõîäêà íà îñòðîâå Ãîãëàíä âèäà Limnephilus coenosus Curt.Ïðåæäå äàííûé âèä íå îòìå÷àëñÿ íà òåððèòîðèè Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè. Îäíàêî îí äî-ñòàòî÷íî îáû÷åí íà Êîëüñêîì ïîëóîñòðîâå, â Êàðåëèè, à òàêæå â ïðèáàëòèéñêèõ ãîñó-äàðñòâàõ è Ôèíëÿíäèè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáíàðóæåíèå íîâîãî äëÿ ôàóíû ðó÷åéíèêîâ Ëå-íèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè âèäà äîïîëíÿåò ñïèñîê Trichoptera äàííîãî ðåãèîíà, êîòîðûé òå-ïåðü íàñ÷èòûâàåò 180 âèäîâ.

Ñðåäè ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ÷åøóåêðûëûõ (îòðÿä Lepidoptera) áûë ñîáðàí ìàòåðèàë ïî ñëå-äóþùèì âèäàì: Cossus cossus L. (ñåìåéñòâî Cossidae), Dasypolia templi Thubg., Lithopha-ne social Hufn., Xestia c-nigrum L., Autographa gamma L. (ñåìåéñòâî Noctuidae), Chloroc-lysta miata L., Eupithecia pusillata Den. et Schiff., Thera juniperata L., Triphosa dubitataL. (ñåìåéñòâî Geometridae), Phalera bucephala L. (ñåìåéñòâî Notodontidae), Macrothyla-cia rubi L. (ñåìåéñòâî Lasiocampidae), Diacrisia sannio L. (ñåìåéñòâî Arctiidae), Nympha-lis antiopa L., Aglais urticae L., Inachis io L., Polygonia c-album L., Vanessa atalanta L.,Vanessa cardui L. (ñåìåéñòâî Nymphalidae), Gonepteryx rhamni L. (ñåìåéñòâî Pieridae),Callophrys rubi L., Lycaena phlaeas L. (ñåìåéñòâî Lycaenidae). Îáà âèäà ãîëóáÿíîê áûëèîòìå÷åíû Ì. Àíòèïèíûì â êîíöå ìàÿ 2004 ãîäà.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà îñíîâå ëèòåðàòóðíûõ äàííûõ è ñîáðàííûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ ìîæíî çà-êëþ÷èòü, ÷òî ôàóíà íàñåêîìûõ îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä ÿâëÿåòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî áîãàòîé è ðàçíîîá-ðàçíîé, íî ìàëîèçó÷åííîé. Íåîáõîäèìî ïðîäîëæàòü êîìïëåêñíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ îñòðîâàÃîãëàíä è äðóãèõ ñìåæíûõ îñòðîâîâ Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà â ïîñëåäóþùèå ãîäû. Â õîäå ïî-ñëåäóþùèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ìîãóò áûòü íàéäåíû íîâûå âèäû íàñåêîìûõ äëÿ ôàóíû Ëå-íèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè èëè äëÿ âñåãî ñåâåðî-çàïàäà Ðîññèè â öåëîì.

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Insects

Up to now, the invertebrate fauna of the Island Gogland, in particular the fauna of insects, is very weaklystudied. Special literature contains only fragmentary data on certain species inhabiting there.

It merits attention that Parnassius apollo was repeatedly registered on Gogland. These, especially rear inLeningrad region, butterflies may be observed in the meadows of the Island since the end of June until the be-ginning of July.

Present short description of the insect fauna of Gogland is based on data of a brief visit to the island duringthe autumn of 2004. This work represents not complete description of the insect fauna since is related to theautumn aspect of the entomofauna only.

It was registered five species from the order Odonata, 25 species from the order Coleoptera. There werealso obtained some data on the representatives of orders Heteropteroidea, Saltatoria, Heteroptera,Euneuropteroidea, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera.

We have collected larvae of the caddis-fly belonging to genera Limnephilus, Anabolia, Halesus, Ceraclea

etc. The discovery of species Limnephilus coenosus seems especially interesting because this species was notearlier found in Leningrad region at all.

We can make a suggestion that the continuation of the study will discover more novel species of insectsrepresenting the fauna of Leningrad region and even of the while North-West area of Russia.

2.6.2. Çåìíîâîäíûå è ïðåñìûêàþùèåñÿ

Èç ÷èñëà çåìíîâîäíûõ è ïðåñìûêàþùèõñÿ íà òåððèòîðèè îñòðîâà îòìå÷åíî øåñòüâèäîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå îäèí êðàñíîêíèæíûé âèä:

Òðàâÿíàÿ ëÿãóøêà Rana temporaria L. ðàñïðîñòðàíåíà ïîâñåìåñòíî, ÷èñëåííîñòü äî-ñòàòî÷íî âûñîêàÿ, îñîáåííî â áîëîòèñòûõ áèîòîïàõ, ïðèìûêàþùèõ ê îçåðàì. Íàèáîëü-øåå êîëè÷åñòâî îñîáåé ýòîãî âèäà ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü â ïîñëåäíèõ ÷èñëàõ àïðåëÿ — íà÷à-ëå ìàÿ, â ïåðèîä îòêëàäêè èêðû, â ïðèáðåæíûõ ÷àñòÿõ îçåð. Èêðó ëÿãóøåê òàêæå íà-õîäèëè â ëóæàõ íà äîðîãå, êàíàâàõ, â íåáîëüøèõ «âàííàõ» íà êàìåíèñòûõ ëáàõ çàïàä-íîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ, çàïîëíåííûõ ïðåñíîé âîäîé.

Ñåðàÿ æàáà Bufo bufo L. — îáû÷íûé âèä, âñòðå÷àåòñÿ âî âñåõ áèîòîïàõ, èñêëþ÷àÿîáíàæåííûå âåðøèíû âîçâûøåííîñòåé.

Òðèòîí îáûêíîâåííûé Triturus vulgaris L. îáèòàåò â îçåðàõ. Ëè÷èíêè òðèòîíîâ îò-ìå÷àëèñü â òàê íàçûâàåìûõ «êîòëàõ» — â óãëóáëåíèÿõ êàìíåé, äîñòèãàþùèõ èíîãäàãëóáèíû îäíîãî ìåòðà è íàïîëíåííûõ ïðåñíîé âîäîé.

Æèâîðîäÿùàÿ ÿùåðèöà Lacerta vivipara Jacq. ðàñïðîñòðàíåíà ïîâñåìåñòíî.Óæ îáûêíîâåííûé Natrix natrix (L.) — êðàñíîêíèæíûé âèä, ÷èñëåííîñòü êîòîðîãî â

îáëàñòè ñîêðàùàåòñÿ. Íà Ãîãëàíäå ýòî îáû÷íûé âèä, êîòîðûé ìîæíî ðåãóëÿðíî íàáëþ-äàòü íå òîëüêî íà êàìåíèñòûõ ïîáåðåæüÿõ îñòðîâà, ãäå îí âñòðå÷àåòñÿ íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî,íî è íà ñêàëüíûõ âîçâûøåíèÿõ â ëåñíûõ áèîòîïàõ. Îäíà èç îñîáåé, âñòðå÷åííûõ â âîäåó âîñòî÷íîãî áåðåãà áóõòû Êèèñêèíêþëÿ, íå èìåëà õàðàêòåðíûõ æåëòûõ ïÿòåí íà ãî-ëîâå.

Ãàäþêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Vipera berus L. — îòíîñèòåëüíî ìíîãî÷èñëåííûé âèä. Ïî ñâå-äåíèÿì ìàÿ÷íèêîâ, ãàäþêà íà îñòðîâå ìíîãî÷èñëåííà, ÷àñòî ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü ñêîïëå-íèÿ îñîáåé, âûïîëçàþùèõ ïîñëå çèìîâêè â ìàå. Íà îñòðîâå ïðåîáëàäàþò îñîáè ÷åðíîéîêðàñêè, íî âñòðå÷àþòñÿ òàêæå êîðè÷íåâûå, áðîíçîâûå, ñåðûå ñ ÷åðíîé ïîëîñîé è òåì-íî-ñåðûå ñ ãîëóáîâàòîé ïîëîñîé âäîëü òåëà. 24 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2004 ã. ìû íàáëþäàëè òðåõ îñî-áåé ãàäþê (âñå îíè áûëè ñåðûå ñ ÷åðíîé çèãçàãîîáðàçíîé ïîëîñîé), çàïîëçàþùèõ íà çè-ìîâêó ïîä êàìåííûé ôóíäàìåíò íà êðàþ áûâøåé ôèíñêîé äåðåâíè â óðî÷èùå Êèèñêèí-êþëÿ.

Amphibians and reptiles

The fauna of amphibians and reptiles in territory of Gogland is made up of six species, including onered-listed species — the grass-snake Natrix natrix (L.).

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2.6.3. Ïòèöû

Â 90-å ãîäû ïðîøëîãî ñòîëåòèÿ, ïîñëå îòìåíû íà îñòðîâàõ çàëèâà ñòðîãîãî ïîãðàíè÷-íîãî ðåæèìà, îðíèòîëîãè ïîëó÷èëè âîçìîæíîñòü ïðîâîäèòü èññëåäîâàíèÿ íà Ãîãëàíäå.Ôðàãìåíòàðíûå ñâåäåíèÿ îá îðíèòîôàóíå îñòðîâà óäàëîñü ïîëó÷èòü â ðåçóëüòàòå ýêñïå-äèöèîííûõ ïîåçäîê îðíèòîëîãîâ Áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ÍÈÈ ÑÏáÃÓ (Íîñêîâ è äð., 1993; Nos-kov et al., 1993). Íàèáîëåå ïîëíûå ñâåäåíèÿ ïîëó÷åíû â ðåçóëüòàòå èññëåäîâàíèé2003—2004 ãã. è êðàòêîâðåìåííûõ ïîñåùåíèé îñòðîâà 2005—2006 ãã. (Àíòèïèí, Ãàãèí-ñêàÿ, 2006).

Îáùèé ñïèñîê çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûõ íà Ãîãëàíäå ïòèö (ñì. ïðèëîæåíèå 4) ñîñòàâëÿåò126 âèäîâ, èç íèõ 25 âèäîâ âêëþ÷åíû â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ïðèðîäû Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñ-òè (2002), ÷åòûðå âèäà ìîãóò áûòü êâàëèôèöèðîâàíû êàê «çàëåòíûå»: áåëûé àèñò, ïî-ëÿðíàÿ ñîâà, êóêøà, êåäðîâêà.

Îñíîâíîé ñîñòàâ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèö ñîñòàâëÿþò ëåñíûå âèäû. Áëàãîäàðÿ íåîäíîðîä-íîñòè ðåëüåôà è íàëè÷èÿ ðàçíîîáðàçíûõ òèïîâ ëåñíûõ áèîòîïîâ êîëè÷åñòâî ãíåçäÿùèõ-ñÿ çäåñü âèäîâ äîñòàòî÷íî âåëèêî (70). Ñëåäóåò, îäíàêî, îòìåòèòü, ÷òî íàáîð ýòèõ âèäîââïîëíå òðèâèàëåí. Îñíîâíûå ôîíîâûå âèäû — äðîçäû (ïåâ÷èé, ðÿáèííèê), ñåðàÿ ìóõî-ëîâêà, çàðÿíêà, êîðîëåê, êðàïèâíèê. Ñðåäè âüþðêîâûõ ïòèö íàèáîëåå ìíîãî÷èñëåííû âãíåçäîâîé ñåçîí è âî âðåìÿ ìèãðàöèé ÷èæè, çÿáëèêè, êëåñòû-åëîâèêè. Îñîáåííîñòüþîðíèòîôàóíû îñòðîâà ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü ìàëî÷èñëåííîñòü íà ãíåçäîâàíèè òàêîãî ìàññîâîãîäëÿ îáëàñòè âèäà, êàê ïåíî÷êà-âåñíè÷êà. Çäåñü ýòîò âèä çàìåíÿåò áîëåå ðåäêàÿ â äðóãèõðàéîíàõ îáëàñòè — çåëåíàÿ ïåíî÷êà, ïîâñåìåñòíî ãíåçäÿùàÿñÿ â ëåñíûõ áèîòîïàõ íàòåððèòîðèè âñåãî îñòðîâà.

Îñîáûé íàáîð âèäîâ îòìå÷åí â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Êèèñêèíêþëÿ, ãäå ïðîèçðàñòàåò êëåíî-âî-ÿñåíåâàÿ ðîùà, îêðóæåííàÿ ðàçíîòðàâíûìè ëóãàìè íà ìåñòå ïîêîñîâ áûâøåé ôèí-ñêîé äåðåâíè. Çäåñü ðåãóëÿðíî ãíåçäèëñÿ áåëîñïèííûé äÿòåë, äóïëà êîòîðîãî ìîæíîíàéòè â ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõ îñèíàõ è ÿñåíÿõ. Íà ó÷àñòêàõ ñûðîãî ëóãà ãíåçäèòñÿ êîðî-ñòåëü (â êîëè÷åñòâå 2—3 ïàð), îòíîñèòåëüíî ìíîãî÷èñëåííû îáûêíîâåííûé ñâåð÷îê, ñà-äîâàÿ êàìûøîâêà.

Íà Ãîãëàíäå è íà îêðóæàþùåé åãî àêâàòîðèè ñëàáî ïðåäñòàâëåí êîìïëåêñ âîäîïëà-âàþùèõ è îêîëîâîäíûõ ïòèö, ÷òî îáóñëîâëåíî îòñóòñòâèåì çàðîñøåé è ïðîãðåâàåìîé çî-íû ìåëêîâîäèé, ñ õîðîøèìè êîðìîâûìè è çàùèòíûìè óñëîâèÿìè.

Îòêðûòûå ñêàëüíûå áåðåãà îñòðîâà èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â îñíîâíîì êàê ìåñòà ïðåáûâàíèÿìîëîäûõ íåðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ îñîáåé, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ÷àéêîâûìè ïòèöàìè (ñåðåáðè-ñòîé, ñèçîé, ìîðñêîé, êëóøåé) è áàêëàíàìè. Â ïåðèîäû ëåòíèõ ìèãðàöèé (èþíü —èþëü) âäîëü âîñòî÷íîãî è çàïàäíîãî ïîáåðåæèé îòìå÷åíû ñêîïëåíèÿ ñàìöîâ îáûêíîâåí-íîé ãàãè, áîëüøîãî êðîõàëÿ, õîõëàòîé ÷åðíåòè, à òàêæå ÷åðíîçîáûõ ãàãàð, ñîñòîÿùèåèç âçðîñëûõ è ìîëîäûõ îñîáåé. Èçðåäêà ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü ïðîëåòàþùèõ âäîëü áåðåãî-âîé ëèíèè ïîëÿðíóþ è îáûêíîâåííóþ êðà÷åê, à ýïèçîäè÷åñêè — ïàðû èëè íåáîëüøèåãðóïïû ãàãàðîê è îòäåëüíûå îñîáè ïîìîðíèêîâ. Èç ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â ïðèáðåæíîé ÷àñòèçàëèâà âèäîâ îòìå÷åíû îáûêíîâåííàÿ ãàãà, õîõëàòàÿ ÷åðíåòü. Íà ãðàíèöå êàìåíèñòîãîáåðåãà è ëåñíûõ çàðîñëåé ïîâñåìåñòíî ñîîðóæàåò ãíåçäà êóëèê-ïåðåâîç÷èê.

Ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîå ïîëîæåíèå Ãîãëàíäà îïðåäåëÿåò åãî ðîëü â ñåçîííûõ ìèãðàöèÿõïòèö. Áîëüøèíñòâî ñóõîïóòíûõ ìèãðàíòîâ èñïîëüçóþò åãî â êà÷åñòâå «ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãîðóñëà» ïðè ïåðåñå÷åíèè Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà ñ îäíîãî áåðåãà íà äðóãîé. Ýòî êàñàåòñÿ ïðåæ-äå âñåãî ìåëêèõ âîðîáüèíûõ, à òàêæå ãîëóáåé è õèùíûõ ïòèö. Îñåíüþ ìèãðàöèîííûéïîòîê õîðîøî âûðàæåí ïðè îòíîñèòåëüíî ñïîêîéíîé ïîãîäå ëèáî ïðè âåòðàõ âîñòî÷íîãîíàïðàâëåíèÿ. Ïòèöû ïîïàäàþò íà îñòðîâ ñ ñåâåðà è ñåâåðî-âîñòîêà, ïðîëåòàþò îñòðîâ,ïðèäåðæèâàÿñü áåðåãîâûõ ëèíèé, çàòåì óõîäÿò â þæíîì íàïðàâëåíèè — ÷àùå âñåãî ñþãî-çàïàäíîãî óãëà îñòðîâà. Ïðè øòîðìîâîé ïîãîäå, ïðè ñèëüíûõ çàïàäíûõ âåòðàõ ìèã-ðàíòû, ïîïàâøèå íà îñòðîâ, ïðèîñòàíàâëèâàþò ïðîäâèæåíèå ê þãó, òîãäà íàáëþäàþòñÿçíà÷èòåëüíûå ñêîïëåíèÿ ïòèö íà êîðìåæêå è èõ ìåñòíûå ïåðåìåùåíèÿ âíóòðè îñòðîâà.

Âåñíîé ìèãðàöèîííûé ïîòîê ñóõîïóòíûõ ïòèö èäåò, êàê ïðàâèëî, â íàïðàâëåíèè ñþãà íà ñåâåð îñòðîâà. Îäíàêî âåñíîé 2004 ã. â îòäåëüíûå äíè ìîæíî áûëî íàáëþäàòüêàðòèíó îáðàòíîãî ïðîëåòà, êîãäà âîðîáüèíûå ïòèöû, à òàêæå îòäåëüíûå ñòàè âÿõèðåéïîäëåòàëè ê ñåâåðíîé îêîíå÷íîñòè îñòðîâà ñî ñòîðîíû ñåâåðíîãî áåðåãà çàëèâà.

Ìèãðèðóþùèå ñòàè ãóñåé, êàçàðîê, ëåáåäåé, æóðàâëåé, à òàêæå ãàãàð ïåðåñåêàþòîñòðîâ òðàíçèòîì: âåñíîé ñ çàïàäà íà âîñòîê íà çíà÷èòåëüíîé âûñîòå, îñåíüþ — â îáðàò-

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íîì íàïðàâëåíèè. Ìàññîâàÿ îñåííÿÿ ìèãðàöèÿ ýòèõ âèäîâ áûëà îòìå÷åíà â êîíöå ñåí-òÿáðÿ 2004 ã., êîãäà ÷åðåç íàáëþäàòåëüíûå ïóíêòû, ðàñïîëîæåííûå íà ñåâåðíîì è þæ-íîì ìûñàõ îñòðîâà, ïðîøëî íåñêîëüêî ñîòåí òûñÿ÷ ýòèõ ïòèö.

Äàëüíåéøèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ îðíèòîôàóíû Ãîãëàíäà äîëæíû áûòü íàïðàâëåíû íà ïðî-âåäåíèå èíâåíòàðèçàöèè è ñîñòàâëåíèå ïîëíîãî ñïèñêà âèäîâ. Íàáëþäåíèÿ ïîêàçàëè,÷òî íà ñåâåðíîì ìûñó Ãîãëàíäà âî âðåìÿ âåñåííèõ ìèãðàöèé 2004 ã. äåðæàëèñü íåñêî-ëüêî îñîáåé ñêàëèñòîãî êîíüêà — âèäà, äî ñèõ ïîð íå îòìå÷àåìîãî â Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îá-ëàñòè. Íåò ñîìíåíèé, ÷òî â äàëüíåéøåì ìîãóò áûòü äîïîëíèòåëüíî îáíàðóæåíû íîâûåâèäû: ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ, âñòðå÷àþùèåñÿ âî âðåìÿ ìèãðàöèé èëè èìåþùèå ñòàòóñ çàëåòíûõ.

Birds

The total list of birds recorded from Gogland (see annex 4) comprises 126 species, of which 25 are listedin the Red Data Book of the Leningrad Region (2002), and four species can be classified as «vagrants»: theWhite Stork, Snowy Owl, Siberian Jay and Nutcracker.

Most of the birds breeding in the area are forest-associated species. The species composition of the breed-ing bird fauna is quite trivial. The island’s distinctive feature is the low breeding abundance of the index spe-cies — the Willow Warbler, its position taken by the species more rare in other parts of the region — theGreenish Warbler.

The White-backed Woodpecker nested regularly in the maple and ash grove at Kiiskinkylä. TheCorncrake (2—3 pairs) nested in wet meadow localities. The Grasshopper Warbler and Blyth’s Reed Warblerare fairly abundant.

Waterfowl and shorebirds are few on the island and surrounding waters because of the lack of overgrownand warmed-up littoral areas that could offer food and shelter.

During autumn migrations one can see distinct flows of small passerines, as well as pigeons, doves andraptors, when the weather is relatively calm or at easterly winds. In stormy weather, at strong westerly winds,birds are observed to concentrate and make short-distance movements within the island.

Migrating flocks of geese, swans, cranes as well as divers pass over the island without stopping: the flightin spring is west to east, at a substantial height, in autumn — in the opposite direction.

Further research into the bird fauna of Gogland should aim at making inventories and compiling the fullspecies checklist.

2.6.4. Çâåðè

Ñîñòàâ ôàóíû ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ Ãîãëàíäà ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå èçâåñòåí è òðåáóåòïðîâåäåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé. Ïðåæäå âñåãî íåîáõîäèìî âûÿâèòü ïîëíûéíàáîð âèäîâ è îöåíèòü ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïîïóëÿöèé íàñåêîìîÿäíûõ, ðóêîêðûëûõ,ãðûçóíîâ è õèùíèêîâ. Íà äàííûé ìîìåíò óäàëîñü óñòàíîâèòü ïðåáûâàíèå íà îñòðîâåòîëüêî ëèøü ñëåäóþùèõ âèäîâ:

1. Îáûêíîâåííàÿ áóðîçóáêà Sorex araneus L. Îáû÷íûé âèä, çàñåëÿþùèé ïðàêòè÷å-ñêè âñå áèîòîïû îñòðîâà. ×àñòî òðóïû çâåðüêîâ ìîæíî îáíàðóæèòü íà ëåñíûõòðîïàõ è äîðîãàõ.

2. Æåëòîãîðëàÿ ìûøü Apodemus flavicolis Melchior. Ìíîãî÷èñëåííûé âèä, âñòðå÷à-åòñÿ íà îïóøêàõ, ëåñíûõ ïîëÿíàõ, îêðàèíàõ ñåíîêîñíûõ ïîëÿí.

3. Çàÿö-áåëÿê Lepus timidus L. Âèä íåìíîãî÷èñëåí, íî îáèòàåò ïîâñåìåñòíî.

4. Áåëêà Sciurus vulgaris L. Âûñîêàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü áåëêè, îòìå÷åííàÿ â 2003 è2004 ãã., ñâÿçàíà ñ âûñîêèì óðîæàåì åëîâûõ øèøåê â ýòè ãîäû. Â ñåíòÿáðå2004 ã. ÷èñëåííîñòü çâåðüêîâ íà 1 êì ìàðøðóòà ïî ëåñíîé äîðîãå ñîñòàâëÿëà âñðåäíåì 0,4 âñòðå÷è.

5. Ëèñèöà Vulpes vulpes L. ×èñëåííîñòü ëèñèöû ïîñòîÿííî âûñîêàÿ. Ýïèçîäè÷åñêè,íà ìàðøðóòå â óòðåííèå ÷àñû, ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü âèçóàëüíî îñîáåé äàííîãî âèäà.

6. Íîðêà åâðîïåéñêàÿ Mustela lutreola L. 17 èþëÿ 2003 ã. íàáëþäàëè âûâîäîê íîð-êè â áóõòå Ñóóðêþëàíëàõòè. Ñàìêà ïåðåòàñêèâàëà ïîä âîäîé óæå áîëüøèõ äåòå-

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íûøåé, ðîäèâøèõñÿ, ïî âñåé âåðîÿòíîñòè, ïîä íàñòèëîì ïèðñà. Êîëè÷åñòâî äåòå-íûøåé â âûâîäêå — ïÿòü îñîáåé.

7. Åíîòîâèäíàÿ ñîáàêà Nyctereutes procyonoides L. Îáû÷íûé âèä, âñòðå÷àþùèéñÿ íàîñòðîâå. Íàéäåííûå «óáîðíûå» ýòîãî çâåðÿ ïîäòâåðæäàþò ïðåäïîëîæåíèå î òîì,÷òî åíîòîâèäíàÿ ñîáàêà íå èñïûòûâàåò íåäîñòàòêà â ïèùå, ïîåäàÿ ïàâøèõ êîç èîâåö, â áîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå îáèòàþùèõ íà îñòðîâå.

8. Ðûñü Lynx lynx L. ìîæåò çàõîäèòü íà Ãîãëàíä. Îäíà ðûñü ïîÿâèëàñü íà òåððèòî-ðèè ðàííåé âåñíîé 2003 ã. Â òå÷åíèå âñåãî ëåòíåãî ñåçîíà åå íåîäíîêðàòíî íàáëþ-äàëè ñîòðóäíèêè êàê Ñåâåðíîãî, òàê è Þæíîãî ìàÿêîâ. ×àùå âñåãî âñòðå÷è ïðî-èñõîäèëè íà çàïàäíîì è âîñòî÷íîì ïîáåðåæüå. Â 2004 ã. ýòîò çâåðü íå îòìå÷åí.

9. Áåëîõâîñòûé îëåíü Odocoileus virginianus. Îäíà îñîáü äàííîãî âèäà ïîÿâèëàñü íàÃîãëàíäå âåñíîé 2003 ã. Îëåíÿ íåîäíîêðàòíî íàáëþäàëè â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâàìàòðîñû ïîãðàíè÷íîãî ïîñòà è ñîòðóäíèêè ìåòåîðîëîãè÷åñêîé ñòàíöèè. Âî âòîðîéïîëîâèíå ëåòà îëåíü ïåðåìåñòèëñÿ â öåíòðàëüíóþ ÷àñòü îñòðîâà. Íàì óäàëîñüíàéòè ñëåäû åãî ïðåáûâàíèÿ — ñâåæèé ïîìåò íà ñêàëàõ âîñòî÷íîãî áåðåãà, þæíååËèèâàëàõòè. Ïî âñåé âèäèìîñòè, áåëîõâîñòûé îëåíü ïðèøåë íà Ãîãëàíä èç þæ-íûõ ðàéîíîâ Ôèíëÿíäèè, ãäå ýòîò âèä äîñòàòî÷íî ìíîãî÷èñëåíåí. Èìåþòñÿ äàí-íûå, ÷òî íåñêîëüêî ëåò íàçàä áåëîõâîñòûé îëåíü ñòàë çàõîäèòü íà ðîññèéñêóþ÷àñòü ñåâåðíîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ çàëèâà. Â 2004 ã. ñëåäîâ ïðåáûâàíèÿ îëåíÿ íå îòìå÷å-íî.

10. Äîìàøíèé ñêîò. Íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî âî âñåõ áèîòîïàõ îñòðîâà, âêëþ÷àÿâåðøèíû ãîëûõ ñêàë, îáèòàþò ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå äîìàøíèå îâöû è êîçû. Ýòè ñòà-äà, ïðèíàäëåæàùèå ñîòðóäíèêàì ìàÿ÷íîé ñëóæáû, âåäóò ïîëóäèêèé îáðàç æèç-íè, ïðîâîäÿ íà òåððèòîðèè âåñü ëåòíå-îñåííèé, à ÷àñòî è çèìíèé ïåðèîäû. Â ýòèõñîîáùåñòâàõ, âîñïðîèçâîäÿùèõñÿ íåçàâèñèìî îò ÷åëîâåêà, îòìå÷àåòñÿ îòíîñèòåëü-íî áîëüøàÿ ñìåðòíîñòü ìîëîäíÿêà, ÷òî óâåëè÷èâàåò êîðìîâóþ áàçó äëÿ õèùíè-êîâ. Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü âçðîñëûõ æèâîòíûõ, âêëþ÷àÿ îâåö è êîç, ñîñòàâëÿåò ïîïðèáëèçèòåëüíûì ïîäñ÷åòà, 100—120 ãîëîâ. Ïðè óâåëè÷åíèè ÷èñëåííîñòè ïîñå-ùàþùèõ îñòðîâ ëþäåé, ÷òî ïðîèçîøëî â 2003 ã. ñ íà÷àëîì ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ òó-ðèñòè÷åñêîãî êîìïëåêñà â áóõòå Ñóóðêþëÿíëàõòè, îâöû è êîçû ïåðåìåñòèëèñü âþæíóþ ÷àñòü îñòðîâà.

Ïîñëå îêîí÷àíèÿ ñåíîêîñíîãî ïåðèîäà â óðî÷èùå Êèèñêèíêþëÿ óãîäüÿ èñïîëüçóþòñÿêàê ïàñòáèùå äëÿ íåáîëüøîãî ñòàäà (4—5 ãîëîâ) êîðîâ. Ýòî îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî, êàê è ïðîâå-äåíèå åæåãîäíîãî ñåíîêîøåíèÿ, ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíî êàê ïîëîæèòåëüíûé ôàêò, ïîñêî-ëüêó ÷àñòè÷íîå õîçÿéñòâåííîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå óãîäèé ïîçâîëèëî äî íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíèñîõðàíèòü îïðåäåëåííóþ ÷àñòü ðàçíîòðàâíûõ ëóãîâ, çàðàñòàþùèõ áûñòðûìè òåìïàìè âòåõ ìåñòàõ, ãäå ñåíîêîñ íå ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ.

Mammals

Information about the composition of the mammal fauna on Gogland is very scant, and additional surveysare needed. The priority task is to find out what species are present there and to assess the present-day statusof populations of insectivores, bats, rodents and predators. So far, nine mammal species have been reportedfrom the island, not counting cattle and other livestock kept by local people.

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3. ÎÁÚÅÊÒÛ, ÇÀÑËÓÆÈÂÀÞÙÈÅ ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÎÉ ÎÕÐÀÍÛ

Ðåçóëüòàòû îáñëåäîâàíèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ Ãîãëàíäà â 2003—2004 ãã. è íàó÷-íûå ìàòåðèàëû, ïîëó÷åííûå â áîëåå ðàííèå ãîäû, ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî íà òåððèòîðèè îñòðîâàïðåäñòàâëåíî áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî öåííûõ èñòîðèêî-êóëüòóðíûõ è ïðèðîäíûõ îáúåêòîâ,çàñëóæèâàþùèõ ñïåöèàëüíîé îõðàíû.

Ê ÷èñëó èñòîðèêî-êóëüòóðíûõ äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòåé îñòðîâà, òðåáóþùèõ îñîáîãîâíèìàíèÿ, äîëæíû áûòü îòíåñåíû:

•Âîçâûøåííîñòü Ëîóíàòêîðêèà (175,7 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ), èëè òàê íàçûâàåìàÿñîïêà Ïîïîâà, íà êîòîðîé â ÿíâàðå 1900 ã. áûëà àïðîáèðîâàíà ïåðâàÿ â ìèðåðàäèîëèíèÿ è ïðèíÿòà ïåðâàÿ ðàäèîãðàììà ñ ôèíñêîãî îñòðîâà Êóòñàëî. Â÷åñòü ýòîãî ñîáûòèÿ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íà âîçâûøåííîñòè óñòàíîâëåíû ïàìÿò-íèê è ñòåëà.

•Äåðåâÿííûé êðåñò íà áåðåãó Ëèèâàëàõäåíúÿðâè, ñîîðóæåííûé â ïàìÿòü î âîåí-íîñëóæàùèõ, ïîãèáøèõ â ãîäû Âåëèêîé Îòå÷åñòâåííîé âîéíû, íà ìåñòå èõ ìàñ-ñîâîãî çàõîðîíåíèÿ.

•Ñòàðîå ôèíñêîå êëàäáèùå ó áûâøåé äåðåâíè Ñóóðêþëÿ.

•Îñòàòêè ôóíäàìåíòîâ ôèíñêèõ äîìîâ è êàìåííûõ îãðàæäåíèé íà ìåñòå áûâøåéäåðåâíè Êèèñêèíêþëÿ.

Ê ÷èñëó ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòåé îñòðîâà ñëåäóåò îòíåñòè:

•Ìàññèâû Ïîõúåéñêîðêèà, Ìÿêèèíïÿÿëëþñ, Õàóêêàâóîðè, Òåðâàìÿêè è Ëîóíàò-êîðêèà è äðóãèå âîçâûøåííîñòè îñòðîâà, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå öåííîñòü â íàó÷íîìè ýñòåòè÷åñêîì îòíîøåíèÿõ è îáëàäàþùèå áîëüøèìè çàïàñàìè êâàðö-ïîëå-âîøïàòîâûõ ïîðôèðîâ.

•Ñêàëüíûå îáðûâû Öåíòðàëüíîãî ìàññèâà, íàãëÿäíî äåìîíñòðèðóþùèå äëèòåëü-íóþ ãåîëîãè÷åñêóþ èñòîðèþ ðàçâèòèÿ îñòðîâà, â òîì ÷èñëå æèâîïèñíûé ñêàëü-íûé îáðûâ Õàóêêàâóîðè êàê âîçìîæíîå ìåñòî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñàïñàíà.

•Òåððàñû áåðåãîâûõ âàëîâ â ðàéîíå áóõò Ëèèâàëàõòè, Ìààõåëëè, Ñóóðåíêîðêè-àíëàõòè, âáëèçè âîçâûøåííîñòåé Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà è Âÿëëèêàëèî, ìàðêèðóþùèåîòäåëüíûå ñòàäèè ðàçâèòèÿ Áàëòèéñêîãî ìîðÿ â ïîñëåëåäíèêîâûé ïåðèîä.

Èç ãèäðîëîãè÷åñêèõ îáúåêòîâ áåðåæíîãî îòíîøåíèÿ ê ñåáå òðåáóþò:

•Îçåðíàÿ ñåòü, âêëþ÷àþùàÿ ïÿòü âíóòðåííèõ îëèãîòðîôíûõ îçåð: Ëèèâàëàõ-äåíúÿðâè, Âåòåëüÿðâè, Ðóîêîëàõäåíúÿðâè, Ëîóíàòúÿðâè è Ïàõàëàìïè.

•Ðó÷üè, ñòåêàþùèå èç îçåð â Ôèíñêèé çàëèâ.

Â ÷èñëå áîòàíè÷åñêèõ öåííîñòåé îñòðîâà ñïåöèàëüíîé îõðàíû çàñëóæèâàþò:

•Ó÷àñòîê õâîéíî-ìåëêîëèñòâåííîãî ëåñà ñ áîãàòûì êîìïëåêñîì íåìîðàëüíûõýëåìåíòîâ íà þãî-âîñòî÷íîì ñêëîíå âîçâûøåííîñòè Ëîóíàòêîðêèà (ñîïêà Ïîïî-âà); çàäåðíåííûå âûõîäû êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ ãîðíûõ ïîðîä ñ ðåäêèìè âèäàìèñêàëüíûõ ðàñòåíèé: î÷èòêîì îäíîëåòíèì Sedum annuum, òèìîôååâêîé àëüïèé-ñêîé Phleum alpinum, êîñòåíöàìè ñåâåðíûì Asplenium septentrionale è âîëîñî-âèäíûì A. trichomanes, ðåçóøêîé øâåäñêîé (Arabidopsis suecica).

•Êëåíîâî-ÿñåíåâàÿ ðîùà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ áûâøåé äåðåâíè Êèèñêèíêþëÿ (ïîñàäêèXIX âåêà) êàê ìåñòî îáèòàíèÿ êðàñíîêíèæíûõ âèäîâ: áàáî÷êè àïîëëîíà Par-nassius apollo, áåëîñïèííîãî äÿòëà Dendrocopus leucotos , êîðîñòåëÿ Crex crex.

•Áîãàòûå âèäàìè ðàçíîòðàâíî-çëàêîâûå ñóõîäîëüíûå ëóãà, âîçíèêøèå ïóòåì âû-ðóáàíèÿ ëåñà, åæåãîäíîãî ñåíîêîøåíèÿ è âûïàñà ñêîòà. Ïî íåêîòîðûì èñòî÷íè-êàì çåìëþ äëÿ ëóãîâ ïðèâîçèëè ñ ýñòîíñêîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ (Schrenk, 1841).

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•Ñêàëüíûå îáðûâû âîçâûøåííîñòè Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà êàê åäèíñòâåííîãî ìåñòà ïðî-èçðàñòàíèÿ î÷èòêà îäíîëåòíåãî Sedum annuum, î÷èòêà áåëîãî S. album, î÷èòêàøåñòèãðàííîãî S. sexangulare íà òåððèòîðèè Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè è âñåãî Ñå-âåðî-Çàïàäíîãî ðåãèîíà Ðîññèè. Ïîñëåäíèå äâà âèäà, ïî âñåé âèäèìîñòè, êóëü-òèâèðîâàëèñü ðàíåå âîçëå ìàÿêà è â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âïîëíå íàòóðàëèçîâàëèñüíà îñòðîâå.

Íà îñòðîâå îáíàðóæåíî áîëåå 110 âèäîâ ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ, âêëþ÷åííûõ â Êðàñ-íûå êíèãè ðàçíîãî óðîâíÿ.

Cïèñîê âèäîâ ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèé, òðåáóþùèõ ñïåöèàëüíîé îõðàíû

Âèäû, íàõîäÿùèåñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ:

1. Ìå÷-òðàâà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl (âèä, ïî-âèäèìîìó, áîëåå íå âñòðå-÷àåòñÿ íà îñòðîâå)

2. Î÷èòîê áåëûé Sedum album L.

3. Î÷èòîê îäíîëåòíèé Sedum annuum L.

4. Î÷èòîê øåñòèãðàííûé Sedum sexangulare L.

5. Ïîäìàðåííèê ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé Galium intermedium Schult.

6. Òèìîôååâêà àëüïèéñêàÿ Phleum alpinum L.

Âèäû óÿçâèìûå, íóæäàþùèåñÿ â îõðàíå:

7. Æèâó÷êà ïèðàìèäàëüíàÿ Aiuga pyramidalis L.

8. Çîëîòîòûñÿ÷íèê ïðèìîðñêèé Centaurium littorale (D. Turner)

9. Çóáðîâêà þæíàÿ Hierochloë australis (Schrad.) Roem. Et Schult.

10. Êèçèëüíèê ñêàíäèíàâñêèé Cotoneaster scandinavicus Hylmo

11. Êèçèëüíèê ÷åðíîïëîäíûé Cotoneaster melanocarpus Fisch. Ex Blytt

12. Êîñòåíåö âîëîñîâèäíûé Asplenium trichomanes L.

13. Êîñòåíåö ñåâåðíûé Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm.

14. Íåçàáóäêà âåòâèñòàÿ Myosotis ramosissima Rochel ex Schult.

15. Ïðèáðåæíèöà îäíîöâåòêîâàÿ Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers.

16. Ðîñÿíêà ïðîìåæóòî÷íàÿ Drosera intermedia Hayne

17. Ñåðäå÷íèê æåñòêîâîëîñèñòûé Cardamine hirsute L.

18. Òðåõðåáåðíèê ïðèìîðñêèé Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) Koch

19. Øëåìíèê êîïüåëèñòíûé Scutallaria hastifolia L.

Ðåäêèå âèäû:

20. Âàéäà êðàñèëüíàÿ Isatis tinctoria L.

21. Âåñíÿíêà âåñåííÿÿ Erophila verna (L.) Bess.

22. Âîäÿíèêà îáîåïîëàÿ Empetrum hermaphroditum (Lange) Hageru.

23. Âîñêîâíèê áîëîòíûé Myrica gale L.

24. Âóäñèÿ ñåâåðíàÿ Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br.

25. Ãåðàíü Ðîáåðòà Geranium robertianum L.

26. Ãíåçäîâêà íàñòîÿùàÿ Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich.

27. Ãðîçäîâíèê ðîìàøêîëèñòíûé Botrychium matricariifolium A. Br. Ex Koch

28. Äåðåí øâåäñêèé Chamaepericlymenum suecicum (L.) Aschers. Et Graebn.

29. Êðóïêà äóáðàâíàÿ Draba nemoros L.

30. Ëîáåëèÿ Äîðòìàííà Lobelia dortmanna L.

31. Ëóê ñêîðîäà Allium schoenoprasum L.

32. Ëóê óãëîâàòûé Allium angulosum L.

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33. Ìàíæåòêà ñèçîâàòàÿ Alchemilla glaucescens Wallr.

34. Ìèöåëèñ ñòåííîé Mycelis muralis

35. Îñîêà ãàëå÷íàÿ Carex glareosa Wahlenb.

36. Îñîêà Ìàêåíçè Carex mackenziei V. I. Krecz

37. Îñîêà ïîçäíÿÿ Carex serotina Merat

38. Îñîêà ïåñ÷àíàÿ Carex arenaria L.

39. Î÷åðåòíèê áóðûé Rhynchospora fusca (L.) Ait. fil.

40. Ïîäëåñíèê åâðîïåéñêèé Sanicula europaea L.

41. Ïîòî÷íèê ðûæèé Blysmus rufus (Huds.) Link

42. Ïóõîíîñ äåðíèñòûé Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) C. Hartm.

43. Ñìîëêà àëüïèéñêàÿ Steris alpine (L.) Sourkova

44. Òîðèöà Ìîðèñîíà Spergula morisonii Boreau

45. Òðèïîëèóì îáûêíîâåííûé Tripolium vulgare Nees

46. ×èíà ëüíîëèñòíàÿ Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bassler

47. ßñåíü îáûêíîâåííûé Fraxinus excelsior L.

Ðåäêèå âèäû çåëåíûõ è ïå÷åíî÷íûõ ìõîâ:

1. Àìôèäèóì ëàïëàíäñêèé Amphidium lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp.

2. Àíàñòðîôèëëóì íàñêàëüíûé Anastrophyllum saxicola (Schrad.) R. M. Schust.

3. Àóëàêîìíèóì îáîåïîëûé Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwaegr.

4. Ãåòåðîêëàäèóì äèìîðôíûé Heterocladium dimorphum (Brid.) Schimp. in B. S. G.

5. Ãîìàëîòåöèóì øåëêîâèñòûé Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. in B. S. G.

6. Ãðèììèÿ âûñîêàÿ Grimnia elatior Bruch. ex Bals. et De Not.

7. Äðèïòîäîí îòñòîÿùèé Dryptodon patens (Hedw.) Brid.

8. Ìåòöãåðèÿ âèëü÷àòàÿ Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dum.

9. Ìèëèÿ Òýéëîðà Mylia taylorii (Hook.) Gray

10. Ìíèóì ãîäîâàëûé Mnium hornum Hedw.

11. Ïîëèòðèõàñòðóì àëüïèéñêèé Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G. L. Sm.

12. Ðàêîìèòðèóì øåðñòèñòûé Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid.

13. Ñôàãíóì áîëîòíûé Sphagnum palustre L.

14. Òóèäèóì íåæíåéøèé Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp. in B. S. G.

15. Óëîòà êóð÷àâàÿ Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid.

16. Ôèññèäåíñ ñîìíèòåëüíûé Fissidens dubius P. Beauv.

17. Ôðóëëÿíèÿ ðàñøèðåííàÿ Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum.

Ðåäêèå âèäû ëèøàéíèêîâ:

1. Àëåêòîðèÿ óñàòàÿ Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach.

2. Àðêòîïàðìåëèÿ èçâèëèñòàÿ Arctoparmelia incurva (Pers.) Hale

3. Àðêòîïàðìåëèÿ öåíòðîáåæíàÿ Arctoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale

4. Áðèîðèÿ ñèâîâàòàÿ Bryoria subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo. D. Hawksw

5. Áðîäîà êèøêîâèäíàÿ Brodoa intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward

6. Âóëüïèöèäà ìîææåâåëüíèêîâàÿ Vulpicida juniperinus (L.) J.-E. Mattsson. M. J. Lai

7. Êëàäîíèÿ êðóïíîëèñòíàÿ Cladonia macrophylla (Schaer.) Stenh.

8. Ìåëàíåëèÿ ìðà÷íàÿ Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl.

9. Ìåëàíåëèÿ ïå÷åíî÷íàÿ Melanelia hepatizon (Ach.) Thell

10. Ìåëàíåëèÿ ñìåøàííàÿ Melanelia commixta (Nyl.) Th. Fr.

11. Ìåëàíåëèÿ ñîðåäèîçíàÿ Melanelia sorediata (Ach.) Goward. Ahti

12. Íåîôóñöåëèÿ òåìíî-áóðàÿ Neofuscelia pulla (Ach.) Ess

13. Íåôðîìà àðêòè÷åñêàÿ Nephroma arcticum (L.) Torss.

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14. Íåôðîìà êðàñèâàÿ Nephroma bellum (Spreng.) Tuck.

15. Íåôðîìà ïåðåâåðíóòàÿ Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach.

16. Ïàííàðèÿ ïåöèöåâèäíàÿ Pannaria pezizoides (Weber) Trevis.

17. Ïåëüòèãåðà Äåãåíà Peltigera degenii Gyeln.

18. Ïåëüòèãåðà õîëìîâàÿ Peltigera collina (Ach.) Schrad.

19. Ðàìàëèíà íèòî÷íàÿ Ramalina thrausta (Ach.) Nyl.

20. Ðàìàëèíà ðàçîðâàííàÿ Ramalina dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm.

21. Ðàìàëèíà ÷àøå÷êîâèäíàÿ Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr.

22. Óìáèëèêàðèÿ æåñòêîâîëîñèñòàÿ Umbilicaria hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Hoffm.

23. Óìáèëèêàðèÿ ìíîãîêîðåøêîâàÿ Umbilicaria polyrrhiza (L.) Fr.

24. Óìáèëèêàðèÿ ñåâåðíàÿ Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm.

25. Óìáèëèêàðèÿ õîáîòêîâàÿ Umbilicaria proboscidea (L.) Schrad.

26. Öåòðàðèÿ çóá÷èêîâàÿ Cetraria odontella (Ach.) Ach.

Ñïèñîê ðåäêèõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ, òðåáóþùèõ ñïåöèàëüíîé îõðàíû

Áåñïîçâîíî÷íûå:

1. Ìîëëþñê ÷åðíûé ñëèçåíü Limax cinereoniger (Wolf)

2. Áàáî÷êà àïîëëîí Parnassius apollo (L.)

3. Ðó÷åéíèê ëèìíîôèë òóìàííûé Limnephilus coenosus Curt.

Ïðåñìûêàþùèåñÿ:

4. Óæ îáûêíîâåííûé Natrix natrix (L.)

Ïòèöû:

5. ×åðíîçîáàÿ ãàãàðà Gavia arctica (L.).

6. Êðàñíîçîáàÿ ãàãàðà G. stellata (Pontopp.)

7. Áåëûé àèñò Ciconia ciconia (L.)

8. Ëåáåäü Cygnus sp. — âñå âèäû ëåáåäåé

9. Ãóñü Anser sp. — âñå âèäû ãóñåé

10. Áåëîùåêàÿ êàçàðêà Branta leucopsis (Bechst.)

11. ×åðíàÿ êàçàðêà B. bernicla (L.)

12. Ãàãà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Somateria mollissima (L.)

13. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò Haliaeetus albicilla (L.)

14. Ñàïñàí Falco peregrinus Tunst

15. Êîðîñòåëü Crex crex (L.)

16. Ãàëñòó÷íèê Charadrius hiaticula L.

17. Êóëèê-ñîðîêà Haematopus ostralegus L.

18. Ãàðøíåï Lymnocryptes minimus (Brunn.)

19. Êëóøà Larus fuscus L.

20. Ïîëÿðíàÿ êðà÷êà Sterna paradisaea Pontopp

21. Ãàãàðêà Alca torda L.

22. Êëèíòóõ Columbus. oenas L

23. Áåëîñïèííûé äÿòåë Dendrocopus leucotos (Salvad.)

24. Òðåõïàëûé äÿòåë Picoides tridactylus (L.)

25. Îáûêíîâåííûé ñâåð÷îê Locustella naevia (Bodd.)

26. Êóêøà Perisoreus infaustus (L.)

27. Êåäðîâêà Nucifraga caryocatactes L.

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Ìëåêîïèòàþùèå:

28. Íîðêà åâðîïåéñêàÿ. Mustela lutreola L.

Îñíîâíûì óñëîâèåì ñáåðåæåíèÿ ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ âèäîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîõðàíåíèå èõ ñðåäûîáèòàíèÿ. Òîëüêî ñîçäàíèå îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé ñ íàó÷íî îáîñíîâàííûìðåæèìîì ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèÿ ïîçâîëèò ñîõðàíèòü öåííûå èñòîðè÷åñêèå, êóëüòóðíûå èïðèðîäíûå äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòè Ãîãëàíäà.

OBJECTS DESERVING SPECIAL PROTECTION

The historical and cultural attractions worthy of special protection are:

•Lounatkorkia hill (175.7 m above sea level), or the so-called Popov’s Knoll, from which theworld’s first radio line was tested and the first wireless message was received from the Finnish Is-land of Kuutsalo in January 1900. The hill now bears a memorial plate and a stele in honour of thisevent.

•Memorial sign on the shore of Liivalahdenjärvi commemorating the soldiers killed during WorldWar II, installed in the place of their collective grave.

•Old Finnish cemetery near the former village of Suurkylä.

•Remains of Finnish house foundations and stone fences left from the former village of Kiiskinkylä.

The objects to be mentioned among geological attractions of the island are:

• Pohjoiskorkia, Haukkavuori, Tervamäki and Lounatkorkia massifs, which are of scientific and est-hetic value, and contain rich reserves of quartz-feldspar porphyry.

• Scarps of the Mäkiinpäällys-Haukkavuori Central massif, which are a vivid showcase of the is-land’s long geological development history.

• Scenic Haukkavuori cliff, which is the site where the Peregrine Falcon is presumed to nest.

•Levee terraces at Liivalahti, Maahelli, Suurenkorkianlahti bays, near Pohjoiskorkia and Vällikaliohills, which chronicle individual stages in the Baltic Sea evolution in postglacial time.

•Lake network comprising five land-locked oligotrophic lakes: Liivalahdenjärvi, Veteljärvi, Ruo-kolahdenjärvi, Lounatjärvi and Pahalampi.

Streams flowing from the lakes to the Gulf of Finland.The botanically valuable sites of the island to bespecially protected are:

•Coniferous/small-leaved forest site with a rich complex of nemoral elements on the south-easternslope of Lounatkorkia.

•Maple and ash grove at Kiiskinkylä — a habitat of red-listed plant and animal species.

• Species-rich dry herb-grass meadows formed as the result of clear-cutting, annual hay-mowing andpasturing.

• Scarps of the Pohjoiskorkia hill — the only place with Sedum annuum, S. album, S. sexangulare inthe Leningrad Region and Northwest Russia in general.

Over 110 plant and animal species red-listed at different levels have been recorded from the island.It is only through organization of PAs with a scientifically grounded conservation regime that the island’s

valuable historical, cultural and natural attractions can be preserved.

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4. ÎÁÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÖÅËÅÑÎÎÁÐÀÇÍÎÑÒÈ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÎÎÏÒ

Ïðèðîäà Ãîãëàíäà ñ äàâíèõ ïîð ïðèâëåêàåò âíèìàíèå ñâîåé óíèêàëüíîé êðàñîòîé.Îäíàêî ëþáûå îñòðîâíûå ýêîñèñòåìû ñëèøêîì óÿçâèìû, ÷òîáû âûäåðæàòü âñå âîçðàñòà-þùèå àíòðîïîãåííûå íàãðóçêè. Íàèáîëüøàÿ îïàñíîñòü ïðèðîäíûì êîìïëåêñàì îñòðîâàìîæåò âîçíèêíóòü ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå ïîëåçíûõ èñêîïàåìûõ, óâåëè÷åíèÿ íåîðãàíèçîâàííî-ãî ïîòîêà òóðèñòîâ, ïðè ïðîêëàäêå òðàññû Ñåâåðî-Åâðîïåéñêîãî ãàçîïðîâîäà.

Èçó÷åííîñòü òåððèòîðèè Ãîãëàíäà íà ïîëåçíûå èñêîïàåìûå íèçêàÿ. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòî,ãîâîðèòü î èõ ðàçðàáîòêå ïîêà ìîæíî òîëüêî â ïåðñïåêòèâíî-ïðîãíîçíîì àñïåêòå. Òåìíå ìåíåå ýòè ïåðñïåêòèâû äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêè, è â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ýòî îòíîñèòñÿ ê îáëè-öîâî÷íûì êàìíÿì. Íàèáîëåå âûñîêèìè äåêîðàòèâíûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè îáëàäàþòêâàðö-ïîëåâîøïàòîâûå ïîðôèðû ìàññèâîâ Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà, Ìÿêèèíïÿÿëëþñ, Õàóêêàâó-îðè è Ëîóíàòêîðêèà. Ñðåäè ïîðôèðîâ ìîæíî âûäåëèòü ÷åòûðå îñíîâíûå ðàçíîâèäíîñòè,ðàçëè÷àþùèåñÿ ñîäåðæàíèåì è ðàçìåðàìè âêëþ÷åíèé ïîëåâîãî øïàòà è êâàðöà è, ñîîò-âåòñòâåííî, äåêîðàòèâíîñòüþ. Â íèæíåé ÷àñòè ðàçðåçà ïðåîáëàäàþò íàèáîëåå äåêîðàòèâ-íûå ïîëåâîøïàòîâûå ïîðôèðû, ñîñòîÿùèå èç ôåëüçèòîâîé ìàññû êðàñíîâàòî-ñåðîãî öâå-òà, â êîòîðóþ âêëþ÷åíî áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî êðóïíûõ, ñëàáî óäëèíåííûõ âêðàïëåííè-êîâ ñâåòëî-ðîçîâîãî êàëèåâîãî ïîëåâîãî øïàòà.

Âûøå ïî ðàçðåçó ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ êâàðö-ïîëåâîøïàòîâûå ïîðôèðû çåëåíîâàòî-ñåðîãîöâåòà ñ êðóïíûìè âêðàïëåíèÿìè ðîçîâàòî-êîðè÷íåâîãî êàëèåâîãî ïîëåâîãî øïàòà è áî-ëåå ìåëêèìè — òåìíîãî êâàðöà.

Åùå âûøå ðàñïîëîæåíà ïà÷êà êâàðö-ïîëåâîøïàòîâûõ ïîðôèðîâ ïîâûøåííîé äåêîðà-òèâíîñòè ðîçîâàòî-ñåðîãî öâåòà ñ âêðàïëåííèêàìè (äî 5—10 ìì) ñâåòëî-ðîçîâîãî êàëèå-âîãî ïîëåâîãî øïàòà è ìåëêèìè (0,5—2 ìì) âêðàïëåííèêàìè òåìíîãî êâàðöà. Îíè ìîãóòèñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ è â êà÷åñòâå ïîäåëî÷íîãî êàìíÿ.

Íà îñòðîâå ìîæíî îæèäàòü âûÿâëåíèÿ çîëîòîé, ïëàòèíîèäíîé è ìåäíî-íèêåëåâîéìèíåðàëèçàöèè.

Âñå âèäû ðàáîò ïî ðàçâåäêå è èñïîëüçîâàíèþ ïîëåçíûõ èñêîïàåìûõ äîëæíû âåñòèñüñ ñîáëþäåíèåì óñëîâèé ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî áåðåæíîãî îòíîøåíèÿ ê ïðèðîäå îñòðîâà è áåçó-ñëîâíîãî ñîõðàíåíèÿ åãî ïðèðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ.

Òóðèçì â áëèæàéøåå âðåìÿ ìîæåò ñòàòü âòîðîé îñíîâíîé óãðîçîé ïðèðîäíûì êîìï-ëåêñàì Ãîãëàíäà. Íåîðãàíèçîâàííûé ïîòîê òóðèñòîâ, ïîñåùàþùèõ â ëþáîå âðåìÿ ëþ-áûå ó÷àñòêè òåððèòîðèè îñòðîâà è åãî ïðèáðåæíîé çîíû, óæå íà÷àë ïðèíîñèòü ñóùåñò-âåííûé óðîí îñòðîâíîé ýêîñèñòåìå.

Ïðåæäå âñåãî ïîñåùåíèå ñêàëüíûõ âûõîäîâ ñ ýìáðèîíàëüíûì ïî÷âåííûì ïîêðîâîìíåìèíóåìî ïðèâîäèò ê åãî ðàçðóøåíèþ, à âìåñòå ñ íèì è ê óíè÷òîæåíèþ ñôîðìèðîâàâ-øèõñÿ íà íåì ñîîáùåñòâ ëèøàéíèêîâ, ìõîâ è äðóãèõ îáèòàþùèõ çäåñü æèâûõ îðãàíèç-ìîâ. Ïî ïðè÷èíå ðåãóëÿðíîãî ïîñåùåíèÿ áûñòðî íàñòóïàåò äåôîðìàöèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ êîì-ïëåêñîâ ïîáåðåæèé âíóòðåííèõ îçåð, ó÷àñòêîâ ïðèáðåæíûõ ñêàë, êàìåíèñòûõ è ïåñ÷à-íûõ ïëÿæåé.

Ìàññîâûé ïîòîê òóðèñòîâ ïðèâîäèò ê âîçíèêíîâåíèþ çàïðåäåëüíîãî ôàêòîðà áåñïî-êîéñòâà, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãî îáèòàíèå è ðàçìíîæåíèå ìíîãèõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ, â ïåðâóþî÷åðåäü ïòèö, ñòàíîâèòñÿ íåâîçìîæíûì.

Ïîñåùåíèå ëåñíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ îñòðîâà òóðèñòàìè ñîïðÿæåíî ñ îïàñíîñòüþ âîçíèêíîâå-íèÿ ïîæàðîâ. Ïîäîáíûå ñëó÷àè âîçãîðàíèÿ îò áðîøåííîãî îêóðêà, ñïè÷êè èëè íåïîòó-øåííîãî êîñòðà óæå íåîäíîêðàòíî ñëó÷àëèñü íà îñòðîâå. Òàêèå ïîæàðû äëÿ ëåãêîðàíè-ìîé ýêîñèñòåìû îñòðîâà ïðåäñòàâëÿþò íåïîïðàâèìîå áåäñòâèå, òàê êàê ïîñëå íèõ ñêàëü-íûå ñîîáùåñòâà â óñëîâèÿõ ñåëüãîâîãî ëàíäøàôòà ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå âîññòàíàâëèâàþòñÿ.Íåîñòîðîæíîå îáðàùåíèå ñ îãíåì ïðèâåëî ê âîçíèêíîâåíèþ ñèëüíîãî ïîæàðà â àâãóñòå1996 ã., â ðåçóëüòàòå êîòîðîãî áûëè ïîëíîñòüþ óíè÷òîæåíû áîëüøèå ó÷àñòêè ëåñà âðàçíûõ ÷àñòÿõ îñòðîâà. Ñëåäû ïîæàðîâ ìîæíî âèäåòü â ðàéîíå Ðóîêîëàõäåíúÿðâè, íàñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîì ñêëîíå Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà, íà ñêàëàõ «Ãîðåëîé» áóõòû. Â 2006 ã. â òå÷å-íèå íåñêîëüêèõ äíåé áóøåâàë ïîæàð â íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé áëèçîñòè îò òóðèñòè÷åñêîé áà-çû.

Âñå ýòî çàñòàâëÿåò ñ÷èòàòü ðåãëàìåíòàöèþ òóðèñòè÷åñêèõ ïîòîêîâ îäíèì èç îñíîâ-íûõ óñëîâèé ñîõðàíåíèÿ ïðèðîäû Ãîãëàíäà.

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Íàêîíåö, ïî àêâàòîðèè, ïðèìûêàþùåé ñ ñåâåðà ê îñòðîâó, â áëèæàéøåå âðåìÿ íà÷-íåòñÿ ïðîêëàäêà òðàññû Ñåâåðî-Åâðîïåéñêîãî ãàçîïðîâîäà. Ýòè ðàáîòû ïðèâåäóò ê áàçè-ðîâàíèþ ñóäîâ â ïðèáðåæíîé çîíå è áóõòàõ îñòðîâà, ïîÿâëåíèþ çíà÷èòåëüíîãî ÷èñëàëþäåé, îáñëóæèâàþùèõ ñòðîèòåëüòâî è òðàññó ãàçîïðîâîäà, îáóñòðîéñòâó ïëîùàäîê äëÿñêëàäèðîâàíèÿ ñòðîèòåëüíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ è îáîðóäîâàíèÿ. Âîçíèêíîâåíèå òàêèõ äîïîë-íèòåëüíûõ íàãðóçîê íà ïðèðîäíûå êîìïëåêñû îñòðîâà äåëàåò íåîáõîäèìûì ââåäåíèå íàåãî òåððèòîðèè ðåæèìà îãðàíè÷åííîãî ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèÿ. Ýòî ìîæåò îáåñïå÷èòü òîëü-êî îðãàíèçàöèÿ íà îñòðîâå ÎÎÏÒ.

Ñîâðåìåííûé ýòàï îðãàíèçàöèè çàïîâåäíîé òåððèòîðèè íà Ôèíñêîì çàëèâå íà÷àëñÿáîëåå 25 ëåò òîìó íàçàä. Áîëüøóþ çàèíòåðåñîâàííîñòü â äåëå îðãàíèçàöèè ÎÎÏÒ, ðàñïî-ëîæåííîé ó ãðàíèöû ñ Ôèíëÿíäèåé, ïðîÿâèëè ôèíñêèå ýêîëîãè. Âîçìîæíîñòü ñîçäàíèÿíàöèîíàëüíîãî ïàðêà íà ñåâåðíîì ïîáåðåæüå çàëèâà è íà íåêîòîðûõ êðóïíûõ îñòðîâàõâïåðâûå îáñóæäàëàñü îñåíüþ 1990 ã. ìèíèñòðîì ïî îõðàíå ïðèðîäû Ôèíëÿíäèè Ê. Áåð-ëóíöåì è ïðåäñåäàòåëåì Ãîñêîìèòåòà ïî îõðàíå ïðèðîäû ÑÑÑÐ, ïðîôåññîðîì Í. Í. Âî-ðîíöîâûì. Ïî çàìûñëó ñîçäàâàåìûé íà ðîññèéñêîé òåððèòîðèè íàöèîíàëüíûé ïàðê äîë-æåí áûë áûòü èíòåãðèðîâàí ñ ôèíëÿíäñêèì íàöèîíàëüíûì ïàðêîì «Âîñòîê Ôèíñêîãîçàëèâà», îðãàíèçîâàííûì â 1982 ã.

Â àâãóñòå 1991 ã. Ýñòîíñêèì îáùåñòâîì îõðàíû ïðèðîäû ñîâìåñòíî ñ Èíñòèòóòîìãåîëîãèè Ýñòîíñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê áûëà îðãàíèçîâàíà ýêñïåäèöèÿ, îáñëåäîâàâøàÿ îñò-ðîâ Ãîãëàíä è ðåêîìåíäîâàâøàÿ âêëþ÷èòü åãî â ñîñòàâ íàöèîíàëüíîãî ïàðêà, ïðèäàâåìó ñòàòóñ ìåæãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî.

Â ïîñëåäóþùèå ãîäû ïðîåêòíî-èçûñêàòåëüñêàÿ ãðóïïà, ñîñòîÿùàÿ èç ýêîëîãîâÁèÍÈÈ ÑÏáÃÓ, Çîîëîãè÷åñêîãî è Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî èíñòèòóòîâ ÐÀÍ è äðóãèõ íàó÷íûõ ó÷-ðåæäåíèé Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãà, îáñëåäîâàëà îñòðîâà è ïîäãîòîâèëà ïðîåêò ñåòè ÎÎÏÒ,âêëþ÷àþùåé ïðèðîäíûé çàïîâåäíèê «Èíãåðìàíëàíäñêèé», çàêàçíèê «Ïðèãðàíè÷íûé»è çàêàçíèê «Êóðãàëüñêèé». Îñòðîâ Ãîãëàíä íå ñìîã áûòü âêëþ÷åí â ïðåäëàãàåìûåÎÎÏÒ ïî ïðè÷èíå îòêàçà îñíîâíîãî çåìëåïîëüçîâàòåëÿ — Ìèíèñòåðñòâà îáîðîíû — ïðå-äîñòàâèòü åìó ñòàòóñ îõðàíÿåìîé òåððèòîðèè.

Ïðîèñõîäÿùåå â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû èíòåíñèâíîå õîçÿéñòâåííîå ðàçâèòèå ðåãèîíà, ñâÿ-çàííîå ñ íîâûìè ýêîíîìè÷åñêèìè è ïîëèòè÷åñêèìè óñëîâèÿìè íà Áàëòèêå, ðåçêî èçìå-íèëî ñóùåñòâóþùóþ ñèòóàöèþ. Ïîñëå âûâîäà ñ òåððèòîðèè âîéñêîâîé ÷àñòè ÏÂÎ Ãîã-ëàíä ïîòåðÿë îáîðîíèòåëüíûå ôóíêöèè, íà÷àëàñü ðàçðàáîòêà ïëàíîâ åãî õîçÿéñòâåííîãîèñïîëüçîâàíèÿ.

Â 1994—1995 ãã. ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííîé ôèðìîé «Ìèíåðàë»(Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã) áûëè íà÷àòû èçûñêàòåëüñêèå ðàáîòû â ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè îñòðîâà, ïðî-äîëæåííûå â 2001 ã. ãîñóäàðñòâåííûì ïðåäïðèÿòèåì «Ñåâåðêâàðöñàìîöâåòû»(Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã). Öåëü ýòèõ ðàáîò — îöåíèòü çàïàñû äåêîðàòèâíûõ ïîäåëî÷íûõ êàì-íåé. Îñíîâíûå âûâîäû ãåîëîãîâ: çàïàñû âûñîêîäåêîðàòèâíûõ áëî÷íûõ ïîðôèðîâ î÷åíüáîëüøèå, ó÷èòûâàÿ áëèçêîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå êðóïíûõ ïîòðåáèòåëåé (Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã, ãî-ðîäà Ñåâåðíîé Åâðîïû) è íèçêóþ ñòîèìîñòü âîäíîãî òðàíñïîðòà, ðàçðàáîòêà ïîðôèðîâìîæåò áûòü ýêîíîìè÷åñêè âûãîäíîé.

Ïëàíû ðàçðàáîòêè íà Ãîãëàíäå ïîëåçíûõ èñêîïàåìûõ âõîäÿò â îïðåäåëåííîå ïðîòè-âîðå÷èå ñ ðàçóìíûì ñòðåìëåíèåì ñîõðàíèòü ýòó «æåì÷óæèíó ïðèðîäû» Áàëòèéñêîãîðåãèîíà äëÿ áóäóùèõ ïîêîëåíèé.

Æèâîïèñíîñòü îñòðîâà, åãî óäà÷íîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå íà ïåðåêðåñòêå ìîðñêèõ áàëòèé-ñêèõ äîðîã ïîñëóæèëè ïîâîäîì äëÿ èäåè ñîçäàíèÿ çäåñü ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî òóðèñòè÷åñêî-ãî öåíòðà. Ïî ñóùåñòâóþùåìó ïðîåêòó íà îñòðîâå áóäóò ñîçäàíû óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ïðèåìàÿõò, äëÿ çàíÿòèé ïîäâîäíûì ïëàâàíèåì, ïîäâîäíîé àðõåîëîãèåé, äëÿ îðãàíèçàöèè ëåò-íåãî è çèìíåãî îòäûõà íà âîäå. Ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåòñÿ ñòðîèòåëüñòâî ïîãðàíè÷íîãî è òàìî-æåííîãî òåðìèíàëîâ, à òàêæå âîçâåäåíèå ôèíñêîé äåðåâíè. Ïðè ñôîðìèðîâàííîé ïîëíî-ñòüþ òóðèñòè÷åñêîé èíôðàñòðóêòóðå öåíòð áóäåò ïðèíèìàòü åæåãîäíî íåñêîëüêî äåñÿò-êîâ òûñÿ÷ òóðèñòîâ.

Óâåëè÷åíèå õîçÿéñòâåííûõ íàãðóçîê íà ïðèðîäíûå êîìïëåêñû íåìèíóåìî ïðèâåäåòê èõ äåãðàäàöèè ëèáî ïîëíîé óòðàòå íàèáîëåå öåííûõ èõ êà÷åñòâ. Äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ óíè-êàëüíîé ïðèðîäû îñòðîâà íåîáõîäèìî ââåñòè íà åãî òåððèòîðèè íàó÷íî îáîñíîâàííûéðåæèì ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèÿ, êîòîðûé ïîçâîëèò ðåãëàìåíòèðîâàòü àíòðîïîãåííûé ïðåñ-ñèíã. Íàèáîëåå äåéñòâåííûì ñïîñîáîì ñîõðàíåíèÿ ïðèðîäû îñòðîâà ìîæåò áûòü îðãàíè-

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çàöèÿ äâóõ ÎÎÏÒ — êîìïëåêñíîãî çàêàçíèêà «Ñóóð-Ñààðè» è áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ïàìÿòíèêàïðèðîäû «Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà».

Ñîçäàíèå äâóõ ÎÎÏÒ íà Ãîãëàíäå íå âñòóïàåò â ïðîòèâîðå÷èå ñ èäååé îðãàíèçàöèèìåæäóíàðîäíîãî òóðèñòè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà, ïîñêîëüêó îíè ïðèçâàíû ñëóæèòü äåëó ñáåðå-æåíèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ è îáúåêòîâ, ÷òî ñîõðàíèò æèâîïèñíîñòü îñòðîâà è,áåçóñëîâíî, ïîâûñèò åãî ïðèâëåêàòåëüíîñòü äëÿ òóðèñòîâ. Â òî æå âðåìÿ îõðàíÿåìûåîáúåêòû îñòðîâà áóäóò çàùèùåíû ïðèðîäîîõðàííûì çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâîì îò íåãàòèâíûõôîðì õîçÿéñòâåííîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ è ïîçâîëÿò ðåãëàìåíòèðîâàòü ðåêðåàöèîííûå è õîçÿé-ñòâåííûå íàãðóçêè.

SUBSTANTIATING PA DESIGNATIONS

The unique beauty of Gogland’s nature has always attracted people’s attention. However, all insular eco-systems are too vulnerable to withstand the growing anthropogenic pressure. The greatest threat to the naturalcomplexes of the island could be mining for commercial minerals, increased uncontrolled tourist traffic, con-struction of the North-European Gas Pipeline.

Growing human load on the ecosystems will inevitably lead to their degradation or terminal loss of theirmost valuable qualities. To conserve the island’s unique nature a scientifically grounded nature use regimeshould be introduced in the territory to control human pressure. The most effective way to safeguard the na-ture of the island would be to designate two protected areas there — Suursaari integrated reserve andPohjoiskorkia botanical nature monument.

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5. ÊÐÀÒÊÎÅ ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÅÄËÀÃÀÅÌÛÕ ÎÎÏÒBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PAS

5.1. ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑÍÛÉ ÇÀÊÀÇÍÈÊ «ÑÓÓÐ-ÑÀÀÐÈ»

Ïðåäëàãàåìûé ê îðãàíèçàöèè êîìïëåêñíûé çàêàçíèê «Ñóóð-Ñààðè» çàíèìàåò þæíóþ÷àñòü îñòðîâà (êàðòà 2).

Åãî ïëîùàäü ñîñòàâëÿåò 1044 ãà, èç íèõ 1005 ãà îòíîñÿòñÿ â Ãîñëåñôîíäó Ïàâëîâñêî-ãî âîåííîãî ëåñõîçà, Ìîðñêîãî ëåñíè÷åñòâà. 39 ãà ïðèíàäëåæàò ôîíäó ÀäìèíèñòðàöèèÌÎ «Êèíãèñåïïñêèé ðàéîí».

Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ãðàíèö çàêàçíèêà ñîñòàâëÿåò 25,5 êì.

Ñåâåðíàÿ ãðàíèöà çàêàçíèêà ïðîõîäèò îò ðàçâèëêè îñíîâíîé äîðîãè (ñîâïàäàþùåé íàäàííîì îòðåçêå ñ çàïàäíîé ãðàíèöåé êâàðòàëà 8) è äîðîãè, èäóùåé íà âîçâûøåííîñòüÌÿêèèíïÿÿëëþñ, äàëåå ïî ýòîé äîðîãå äî ðàçâèëêè ñ äîðîãîé íà âîçâûøåííîñòü Õàóê-êàâóîðè, çàòåì ïî ýòîé äîðîãå äî ìåñòà åå ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ ñ áûâøåé ëèíèåé ýëåêòðîïåðåäà-÷è è äàëåå íà âîñòîê ïî ñåâåðíûì ãðàíèöàì âûäåëîâ 10 è 11 êâàðòàëà 8 äî ìåæêâàð-òàëüíîé ïðîñåêè, ðàçäåëÿþùåé êâàðòàëû 8 è 9. Ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ñåâåðíîé ãðàíèöû —1,5 êì.

Âîñòî÷íàÿ ãðàíèöà íà÷èíàåòñÿ îò òî÷êè ïåðåñå÷åíèÿ ñåâåðíîé ãðàíèöû âûäåëà 11êâàðòàëà 8 ñ ìåæêâàðòàëüíîé ïðîñåêîé, çàòåì èäåò íà þã ïî ýòîé ïðîñåêå äî ñòàðîé ëå-ñîõîçÿéñòâåííîé äîðîãè ê áóõòå Ëèèâàëàõòè, äàëåå ïî ýòîé äîðîãå íà âîñòîê äî áåðåãàáóõòû, çàòåì ïî áåðåãîâîé ëèíèè âîñòî÷íîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ íà þã äî þæíîé ãðàíèöû êâàð-òàëà 18 (ìûñ Àëòòàðêàëëíèåìè). Ïðîòÿæåííîñòü âîñòî÷íîé ãðàíèöû — 11 êì.

Þæíàÿ ãðàíèöà ïðîõîäèò îò ìûñà Àëòòàðêàëëíèåìè ïî þæíûì ãðàíèöàì êâàðòàëîâ18 è 17 íà çàïàä äî çàïàäíîãî áåðåãà îñòðîâà. Ïðîòÿæåííîñòü þæíîé ãðàíèöû — 4 êì.

Çàïàäíàÿ ãðàíèöà èäåò ïî áåðåãîâîé ëèíèè çàïàäíîãî áåðåãà îñòðîâà äî ëåñíîé òðî-ïû, èäóùåé îò âåðøèíû áóõòû Ëåòòîëàõòè (è ñîâïàäàþùåé ñ ñåâåðíîé ãðàíèöåé êâàðòà-ëà 12), äî îñíîâíîé äîðîãè, äàëåå íà ñåâåð ïî îñíîâíîé äîðîãå âäîëü çàïàäíîé ãðàíèöûêâàðòàëà 8, äî ðàçâèëêè ñ äîðîãîé íà âîçâûøåííîñòü Ìÿêèèíïÿÿëëþñ. Ïðîòÿæåííîñòüçàïàäíîé ãðàíèöû — 9 êì.

Ïî òèïó óãîäèé ïëîùàäü çàêàçíèêà âêëþ÷àåò 829,6 ãà ëåñíûõ áèîòîïîâ, â òîì ÷èñëåçåìëè, çàíÿòûå ñêàëàìè (151,2 ãà), áîëîòàìè (1,6 ãà). Â ýòó æå ïëîùàäü âõîäèò àêâàòî-ðèÿ îçåð è ðó÷üåâ (13,3 ãà), à òàêæå çåìëè, çàíÿòûå äîðîãàìè è ïðîñåêàìè (8,6 ãà).

Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî íà âñåõ âûäåëàõ, çàíÿòûõ ëåñíûìè ôîðìàöèÿìè, èñêëþ÷åíûðóáêè ãëàâíîãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ, òàê êàê îíè îòíîñÿòñÿ ê êàòåãîðèè ÎÇÓ (îñîáî çàùèòíûåóñëîâèÿ) êàê ïðèáðåæíûå è ïîãðàíè÷íûå ïîëîñû.

Ñåíîêîñíûå óãîäèÿ, îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü êîòîðûõ ñîñòàâëÿåò 13,4 ãà, ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîéñóõîäîëüíûå ëóãà, îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü êîòîðûõ åæåãîäíî âûêàøèâàåòñÿ ðàáîòíèêàìè Þæ-íîãî è Ñåâåðíîãî ìàÿêîâ è èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â êà÷åñòâå ïàñòáèù. Èìåííî çà ñ÷åò ýòîãî ëóãî-âûå ñòàöèè ïîääåðæèâàþòñÿ â óäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîì ñîñòîÿíèè. Ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü ñåíîêîñ-íûõ óãîäèé — 7 öåíòíåðîâ íà ãåêòàð.

Ê êàòåãîðèè çåìåëü, îáîçíà÷àåìûõ êàê «ïðî÷èå çåìëè», îòíîñÿò áûâøèå çåìëåîòâî-äû âîéñêîâîé ÷àñòè, íûíå âûâåäåííîé ñ îñòðîâà, à òàêæå çåìëè áûâøåé äåðåâíè Êèèñ-êèíêþëÿ ñ ñîõðàíèâøèìèñÿ îñòàòêàìè ôóíäàìåíòîâ äîìîâ è êàìåííûìè îãðàäàìè. Îá-ùàÿ ïëîùàäü ýòèõ çåìëåîòâîäîâ íà òåððèòîðèè ïðîåêòèðóåìîãî çàêàçíèêà ñîñòàâëÿåò25,6 ãà.

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Ýêñïëèêàöèÿ çåìåëü çàêàçíèêà «Ñóóð-Ñààðè» ïî òèïàì óãîäèé (ïî ìàòåðèàëàì çåìëåóñòðîéñòâà 2002 ãîäà)

Explication of acres of Suursaari sanctuary by the types of lands (data of 2002)

Êâàð-òàë

¹Quarter

Îáùàÿïëî-ùàäü(ãà)

Total

area

(ha)

Çåìëè ëåñõîçà (ãà)

Acres of leskhoz (ha)

Çåìëè ÌÎ (ãà)

Acres of MO (ha)

Ëåñíûå óãîäüÿ

Forest

Áîëîòà

Bog

Ñêàëû

Mountains

Îçåðà, ðó-÷üè

Lakes,

streams

Ïåñ-êè

Sands

Äîðîãè

Roads

Ïðî-ñåêè

Cut-

tings

Ñåíî-êîñ

Hay-

fields

Ïðî-÷èå

çåìëè

Rest

acres

8 68,0 58,9 6,6 2,5

11 123,0 110,9 9,9 1,4 0,8

12 95,0 82,8 12,0 0,2

13 164,0 101,0 40,6 4,3 1,3 0,5 9,6 6,7

14 100,0 83,1 14,6 0,3 0,7 0,4 0,4 0,5

15 86,0 83,6 1,4 0,6 0,1 0,3

16 111,0 78,2 0,6 27,2 0,5 0,4 0,1 3,0 1,0

17 154,0 111,7 18,9 6,3 0,5 0,1 16,5

18 143,0 119,4 1,0 20,0 0,5 0,6 0,1 1,4

Èòîãî:

Total: 1044,0 829,6 1,6 151,2 13,3 0,7 7,3 1,3 13,4 25,6

SUURSAARI COMPLEX SANCTUARY

The proposed Suursaari complex sanctuary occupies the southern part of the island (map 2). Its area is1044 ha and the boundaries run for 25.5 km. The reserve territory includes Haukkavuori, Tervamäki,Valikallio, Lounatkorkia hills, the broad-leaved grove in the Kiiskinkylä locality and all five lakes of the is-land.

5.2. ÁÎÒÀÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÏÀÌßÒÍÈÊ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÛ «ÏÎÕÚ¨ÉÑÊÎÐÊÈÀ»

Öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòü ñîçäàíèÿ íåáîëüøîãî áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ïàìÿòíèêà ïðèðîäû íà Ïî-õú¸éñêîðêèà ïðîäèêòîâàíà íåîáõîäèìîñòüþ ñáåðåæåíèÿ ìåñòà ïðîèçðàñòàíèÿ ðåäêèõâèäîâ ðàñòåíèé, è â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü òðåõ âèäîâ î÷èòêîâ êàê åäèíñòâåííîãî ìåñòîîáèòà-íèÿ ýòèõ âèäîâ íå òîëüêî Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè, íî è íà âñåì ñåâåðî-çàïàäå Ðîññèè.Ãîðà Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà (108 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ), íàõîäÿùàÿñÿ â îòíîñèòåëüíîé áëèçîñòèîò ãîñòèíè÷íîãî êîìïëåêñà, ÿâëÿåòñÿ èçëþáëåííûì ìåñòîì äëÿ òóðèñòîâ, ïðèâëåêàå-ìûõ íåîáûêíîâåííî æèâîïèñíîé ïàíîðàìîé, îòêðûâàþùåéñÿ ñ âåðøèíû âîçâûøåííî-ñòè.

Íà Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà íàõîäèòñÿ Ñåâåðíûé Ãîãëàíäñêèé ìàÿê, ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî ïîñòðîåí-íûé â 1723 ã. è ïåðåñòðîåííûé â 1967 ã. Ðÿäîì ñ ìàÿêîì ðàñïîëîæåíû òåõíè÷åñêèåçäàíèÿ íàâèãàöèîííîé ñëóæáû, îñòàòêè äîìîâ è ôóíäàìåíòîâ áûâøåé âîèíñêîé ÷àñòè.

Íà âåðøèíó Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà îò óñàäüáû ìàÿ÷íèêîâ âåäåò äåðåâÿííàÿ ëåñòíèöà, ñþãî-çàïàäíîé ñòîðîíû ïîäõîäèò ãðóíòîâàÿ äîðîãà, áåðóùàÿ íà÷àëî îò Ñóóðêþëÿíëàõòè.Ïëîùàäü ïàìÿòíèêà ïðèðîäû ñîñòàâëÿåò ïðèìåðíî 10 ãà. Èç íèõ 3 ãà (÷àñòü âûäåëà 16êâàðòàëà 1 — «ïðî÷èå çåìëè») ÿâëÿþòñÿ ÷àñòüþ çåìëåîòâîäà ãèäðîãðàôè÷åñêîé íàâèãà-öèîííîé ñëóæáû Ìèíèñòåðñòâà îáîðîíû ÐÔ, 7 ãà ïðèíàäëåæàò Ìîðñêîìó ëåñíè÷åñòâóÏàâëîâñêîãî âîåííîãî ëåñõîçà (âûäåë 17 è 19 êâàðòàëà 1).

Ãðàíèöåé ïàìÿòíèêà ïðèðîäû ìîæåò ñëóæèòü 50-ìåòðîâàÿ ãîðèçîíòàëü âîêðóã âîç-âûøåííîñòè Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà. Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ãðàíèöû ñîñòàâëÿåò ïðèìåðíî1,5 êì.

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Ïî òèïó óãîäèé ïëîùàäü ïàìÿòíèêà ïðèðîäû ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñêàëüíóþ âîçâû-øåííîñòü, ïîêðûòóþ ðåäêèì ñîñíîâûì ëåñîì. Ïðîèçðàñòàþùèå çäåñü ñîñíû èìåþò âîç-ðàñò 150 ëåò, âûñîòà èõ äîñòèãàåò 11 ì. Ïî òàêñàöèîííîìó îïèñàíèþ óãîäüÿ îòíîñÿòñÿê òèïó «ðåäèíà áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ» è èìåþò êàòåãîðèþ çàùèòíîñòè êàê çàïðåòíàÿ ïîëîñà(ÎÇÓ).

POHJOISKORKIA BOTANICAL NATURE MONUMENT

The botanical nature monument on Pohjoiskorkia was designed to safeguard the habitats of rare plant spe-cies — first of all three stonecrop species for which it is the only habitat in both the Leningrad Region and thewhole of Northwest Russia.

The nature monument has an area of about 10 ha. The PA is bound by the 50-m contour line around thehill, total boundary stretch being 1.5 km.

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6. ÐÅÆÈÌ ÎÕÐÀÍÛ È ÏÐÈÐÎÄÎÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈßÍÀ ÏÐÅÄËÀÃÀÅÌÛÕ ÎÎÏÒ

Â öåëÿõ ñîõðàíåíèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ — ðåãèîíàëüíîãî êîìïëåêñíîãî çàêàçíè-êà «Ñóóð-Ñààðè» è ðåãèîíàëüíîãî áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ïàìÿòíèêà ïðèðîäû «Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà»,äëÿ ïîääåðæàíèÿ óðîâíÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ íà èõ òåððèòîðèÿõ ðåêîìåíäóåò-ñÿ óñòàíîâèòü ñëåäóþùèé ðåæèì îõðàíû è ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèÿ:

Íà òåððèòîðèÿõ îáåèõ ÎÎÏÒ çàïðåùàþòñÿ:

•ðóáêè ëåñà, êðîìå ñàíèòàðíûõ, ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ â çèìíèé ïåðèîä;

•îòâîä çåìåëü ïîä ëþáîå, â òîì ÷èñëå ïðîìûøëåííîå è ÷àñòíîå, ñòðîèòåëüñòâî;

•ãèäðîìåëèîðàòèâíûå ðàáîòû;

•âçðûâíûå ðàáîòû;

•ðàçðàáîòêà ñêàë äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ îáëèöîâî÷íîãî êàìíÿ, ùåáíÿ, ãðàâèÿ è äðóãèõñòðîèòåëüíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ;

•îáðàáîòêà ëåñîâ, îçåðíî-áîëîòíîé ñèñòåìû ÿäîõèìèêàòàìè;

•ïóñê ïàëîâ, ðàçâåäåíèå êîñòðîâ âíå ñïåöèàëüíî îòâåäåííûõ ìåñò;

•ñòîÿíêè àâòîìîòîòðàíñïîðòà, êðîìå ñòîÿíîê â ñïåöèàëüíî îòâåäåííûõ ìåñòàõ;

•óñòðîéñòâî ñâàëîê, çàãðÿçíåíèå òåððèòîðèè è àêâàòîðèè îçåð áûòîâûìè îòõîäà-ìè è ìóñîðîì;

•ïîäñî÷êà äåðåâüåâ, çàãîòîâêà êîðüÿ;

•öåíòðàëèçîâàííàÿ (êîììåð÷åñêàÿ) çàãîòîâêà ÿãîä, ãðèáîâ, ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ðàñòå-íèé;

•îõîòà, ñáîð è îòñòðåë îõðàíÿåìûõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ;

•äîáû÷à ëþáûõ æèâîòíûõ ñ öåëüþ êîëëåêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ èëè òàêñèäåðìèè.

Íà òåððèòîðèè çàêàçíèêà Ñóóð-Ñààðè çàïðåùàþòñÿ:

•ñáðîñ áûòîâûõ îòõîäîâ ñ ñóäîâ, îòñòàèâàþùèõñÿ íà ðåéäå è â áóõòàõ ó áåðåãîâÃîãëàíäà;

•ðàçáîð ôóíäàìåíòîâ äîìîâ è êàìåííûõ îãðàä áûâøåé äåðåâíè Êèèñêèíêþëÿ.

Ðàçðåøàþòñÿ*

•âñå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, íàïðàâëåííûå íà ïîääåðæàíèå ïîãðàíè÷íîé è íàâèãàöèîííîéñëóæáû;

•ñàíèòàðíûå ðóáêè ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè â îñåííå-çèìíèé ïåðèîä â ëåñíîì ôîíäå;

•ïðîâåäåíèå ãèäðîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ðàáîò ïî ñîãëàñîâàíèþ ñ ãîñíàäçîðíûìè îðãàíà-ìè â óñòàíîâëåííîì ïîðÿäêå;

•ïðîâåäåíèå ãåîýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé, ïðîâîäÿùèõñÿ áåç ñóùåñòâåííîãîíàðóøåíèÿ íåäð (îòáîð ïðîá ïî÷â, äîííûõ îñàäêîâ, ãðóíòîâûõ è ïîâåðõíîñòíûõâîä è ò. ï.) ïî çàïðîñàì ÑÇÐÃÖ;

•ïðîâåäåíèå ñåíîêîøåíèÿ íà ñåíîêîñíûõ óãîäüÿõ â ïåðèîä ñ 5 èþëÿ;

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* Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ñòðîèòåëüíûõ èëè èíûõ ðàáîò íà òåððèòîðèè çàêàçíèêà, ðàçðåøåííûõ óñòàíîâëåííûì ðåæèìîì,ïðîâîäèòñÿ â îáÿçàòåëüíîì ïîðÿäêå îöåíêà âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà îêðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó (ÎÂÎÇ), è âñÿ ïðîåêòíàÿ äîêóìåíòàöèÿíàïðàâëÿåòñÿ íà ãîñóäàðñòâåííóþ ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþ ýêñïåðòèçó Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà.

•ïàñòüáà êðóïíîãî è ìåëêîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà íà ñåíîêîñíûõ óãîäüÿõ ïîñëå îêîí-÷àíèÿ ñåíîêîñà;

•ñáîð ãðèáîâ è ÿãîä ñîãëàñíî äåéñòâóþùèì ïðàâèëàì;

•ðûáíàÿ ëîâëÿ è îõîòà ñîãëàñíî äåéñòâóþùèì ïðàâèëàì;

•ðåãëàìåíòèðîâàííàÿ ðåêðåàöèÿ;

•ïðîâåäåíèå íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé.

Ðåêîìåíäóåìûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ:

•ëèêâèäàöèÿ ñâàëîê ìóñîðà è ìåòàëëîëîìà â ìåñòàõ ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ áûâøèõ âî-èíñêèõ ÷àñòåé;

•âûäåëåíèå ìåñò îòäûõà äëÿ ïîñåòèòåëåé, îñíàùåíèå ýòèõ ìåñò íàâåñàìè, ñêàìü-ÿìè, êîíòåéíåðàìè äëÿ ñáîðà ìóñîðà;

•âûäåëåíèå ìåñò ñòîÿíîê äëÿ àâòî- è ìîòîòðàíñïîðòà;

•óñòàíîâëåíèå ïî ïåðèìåòðó ÎÎÏÒ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ ùèòîâ ñ óêàçàíèåì ãðàíèöè ïðàâèëàìè ïîñåùåíèÿ èõ òåððèòîðèé;

•ðàçðàáîòêà ñõåì è îðãàíèçàöèÿ â íàòóðå ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ òðîï èìàðøðóòîâ;

•îðãàíèçàöèÿ ýêñêóðñèîííîãî îáñëóæèâàíèÿ òóðèñòîâ, ïîñåùàþùèõ ÎÎÏÒ;

•ñîçäàíèå öåíòðà íàó÷íîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà ïðèðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ îñòðîâà íà áàçåãîãëàíäñêîé ìåòåîñòàíöèè.

CONSERVATION AND NATURE USE REGULATIONSFOR THE PROPOSED PAS

To conserve the natural complexes of the proposed regional integrated reserve Suursaari and regional bo-tanical nature monument Pohjoiskorkia, to maintain the level of biological diversity it is recommended to in-troduce the following conservation and nature use regulations:

The activities prohibited in both PAs should be:

• logging, except for sanitation treatments required by forest condition in the winter season;

• land allocation for any kind of construction, including industrial and private construction;

• hydrological reclamation;

• blasting;

•mining for facing stone, crushed stone, gravel and other building materials;

• treatment of forests, lakes and wetlands with insecticides or pesticides;

• setting fires or making fires outside specially designated sites;

•motor vehicle parking, except for specially designated sites;

• garbage dumping, littering the land and water with domestic and communal wastes;

• tree tapping, harvesting of bark residues;

• centralized (commercial) harvesting of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants;

• hunting, trapping and shooting of protected animal species;

• taking of any animals for collecting of taxidermy purposes.

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Other activities prohibited in the Suursaari reserve should be:

• disposal of communal wastes from vessels at roadstead or in bights along Gogland shores;

• dismantling of house foundations and stone fences of the former Kiiskinkylä Village.

Permitted*

• any activities done to support border-guarding and navigation services;

• sanitation treatments of forests in the autumn and winter seasons, if needed;

• hydraulic engineering operations subject to approval by supervisory authorities and following theestablished procedure;

• geo-ecological surveys not involving significant disturbances (sampling of soils, bottom sedi-ments, groundwater, surface water, etc.) upon request from the Northwestern Regional GeologyCentre;

• hay-mowing in hayfields starting July 5th;

• pasturing cattle and other livestock in hayfields after hay-mowing time is over;

• berry- and mushroom picking according to acting regulations;

• fishing and hunting according to acting regulations;

• controlled recreation;

• scientific research.

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* For any construction or other permitted activities in the reserve Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) must be carried outwith all project documents submitted to the RF Department for Supervision of Nature Use (Rosprirodnadzor) for stateenvironmental expert review.

ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ

Ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîå ïîëîæåíèå îñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä âî ìíîãîì îïðåäåëèëî åãî ñóäüáó êàêôîðïîñòà Ïåòåðáóðãñêîé Ðîññèè. Íàõîäÿñü íà ïåðåêðåñòêå ìîðñêèõ äîðîã â íåïîñðåäñò-âåííîé áëèçîñòè îò ãðàíèö íåñêîëüêèõ áàëòèéñêèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ, îí ÷àñòî ñòàíîâèëñÿ îáú-åêòîì âîåííûõ ñïîðîâ. Ê ñ÷àñòüþ, â äàëåêîì ïðîøëîì îñòàëàñü åãî íåçàâèäíàÿ ðîëü âðåøåíèè êîíôëèêòíûõ ñèòóàöèé íà Áàëòèêå. Íûíå íà ïåðâûé ïëàí âûñòóïàåò íåïîâòî-ðèìàÿ êðàñîòà ïðèðîäû îñòðîâà. Íåîáû÷àéíàÿ æèâîïèñíîñòü ñêàëüíûõ, ëåñíûõ èâîäíûõ ïåéçàæåé îêàçûâàåò ñèëüíîå ýìîöèîíàëüíîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà ïîñåòèòåëåé. Áîãà-òûå âîçìîæíîñòè äëÿ ïåøèõ ïðîãóëîê, äëÿ çàíÿòèé âîäíûìè âèäàìè ñïîðòà, ðûáàëêîé,äàéâèíãîì ïðåäîïðåäåëÿþò íîâóþ ñóäüáó Ãîãëàíäà êàê öåíòðà ïðèðîäíîãî òóðèçìà, ìåñ-òà íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, õðàíèëèùà èñòîðèêî-êóëüòóðíûõ è ïðèðîäíûõ áîãàòñòâ.

Òóðèçì êàê ôîðìà àêòèâíîãî è ïîçíàâàòåëüíîãî îòäûõà íûíå ðàçâèâàåòñÿ â ãðàíäè-îçíûõ ìàñøòàáàõ. Â ýòîì îòíîøåíèè Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãñêèé ðåãèîí çàíèìàåò âûãîäíîåïîëîæåíèå, íàõîäÿñü íà ñòûêå çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêèõ è ñëàâÿíñêîé êóëüòóð. Â ñèñòåìå òó-ðèñòè÷åñêèõ «öåííîñòåé» Ãîãëàíä ñ åãî æèâîïèñíîé ïðèðîäîé, ñâîåîáðàçíûì ðåëüåôîì,ôëîðîé è ôàóíîé, áåçóñëîâíî, áóäåò ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ îñîáûì âíèìàíèåì. Îäíàêî îñòðîâíûåýêîñèñòåìû êðàéíå óÿçâèìû ïðè àíòðîïîãåííûõ íàãðóçêàõ. Îíè íå óñòîÿò ïåðåä íåðà-çóìíîé è çàïðåäåëüíîé ðåêðåàöèåé. Äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ óíèêàëüíîãî ïðèðîäíîãî îáðàçîâà-íèÿ, êàêèì ÿâëÿåòñÿ Ãîãëàíä, íåîáõîäèìî íà åãî òåððèòîðèè îðãàíèçîâàòü êîìïëåêñ-íûé çàêàçíèê «Ñóóð-Ñààðè» (ïëîùàäüþ îêîëî 1000 ãà) è áîòàíè÷åñêèé ïàìÿòíèê ïðè-ðîäû «Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà» (ïëîùàäüþ 10 ãà). Òîëüêî îðãàíèçàöèÿ ýòèõ ÎÎÏÒ ñ íàó÷íî îáî-ñíîâàííûì ðåæèìîì ïîñåùåíèÿ è îõðàíû ïîçâîëèò ñîõðàíèòü èñòîðè÷åñêèå, êóëüòóð-íûå è ïðèðîäíûå äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòè îñòðîâà.

Îñîáûì íàïðàâëåíèåì äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÎÎÏÒ äîëæíà ñòàòü ðàçðàáîòêà ïîçíàâàòåëüíûõýêñêóðñèîííûõ ìàðøðóòîâ äëÿ òóðèñòîâ, ïîñåùàþùèõ Ãîãëàíä, òàê íàçûâàåìûõ «ýêî-ëîãè÷åñêèõ è ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ òðîï».

Ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïîñëå îðãàíèçàöèè ÎÎÏÒ ñëåäóåò ïðåäó-ñìîòðåòü óòî÷íåíèå âèäîâîãî ñîñòàâà ìõîâ, ëèøàéíèêîâ, ãðèáîâ, íàñåêîìûõ, à òàêæåâûÿâèòü ïîëíûé âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ çâåðåé: íàñåêîìîÿäíûõ, ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ è ðóêî-êðûëûõ îñòðîâà. Òîëüêî çíàíèå ýêîëîãèè âñåõ íàñåëÿþùèõ îñòðîâ æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòå-íèé ïîçâîëèò ñîõðàíèòü èõ ñðåäó îáèòàíèÿ è îáåñïå÷èòü îõðàíó. Â òî æå âðåìÿ ïîëó-÷åííûå ñâåäåíèÿ ñîçäàäóò îñíîâó äëÿ òåìàòè÷åñêèõ ýêñêóðñèé, ñäåëàþò èõ èíòåðåñíû-ìè è ïîçíàâàòåëüíûìè.

Íåò ñîìíåíèé, ÷òî îðãàíèçàöèÿ ðåãëàìåíòèðîâàííîãî ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî òóðèçìà áóäåòíå òîëüêî áîëåå ïîëåçíà, íî è áîëåå âûãîäíà ýêîíîìè÷åñêè, ÷åì, íàïðèìåð, ïðîìûøëåí-íàÿ ðàçðàáîòêà ãîðíûõ ïîðîä. Ñîõðàíèòü óíèêàëüíûé îñòðîâ Ãîãëàíä äëÿ áóäóùèõ ïî-êîëåíèé — çàäà÷à ñåãîäíÿøíåãî âðåìåíè.

CONCLUSION

Due to its exclusive geographic location at the sea crossroads, right near the border between several Balticcountries, Gogland was doomed to become an object of military controversies. Luckily, its defensive missionin conflicts in the eastern Baltic Sea has long remained in the past. Advancing into the foreground today is theunique natural beauty of the island, undisturbed by the baneful impact of civilization owing to the scantinessof its population. Singularly picturesque rock and forest landscapes produce a lasting emotional impressionon those who visit the island. Ample opportunities for promenade, aquatic sports, fishing, diving havemoulded Gogland’s new fate as a center of international nature tourism, a focus of scientific research and a re-pository of historical, cultural and natural heritage.

However, insular ecosystems are highly vulnerable to human impacts. To conserve a unique natural for-mation like Gogland a system of protected areas ought to be established — the Suursaari integrated reserve(area ca. 1000 ha) and the Pohjoiskorkia botanical nature monument (area 10 ha). It is only through organiza-tion of these PAs with a scientifically grounded conservation regime that the island’s valuable historical, cul-tural and natural attractions can be preserved.

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Plans of scientific research activities in newly designated PAs should include inventories for updating ofmoss, lichen and fungus species checklists. One should also continue zoological studies: update informationabout the insect fauna, as well as fully detect the species composition of animals — insectivores, small ro-dents and bats, on the island.

A specific activity the PAs should undertake is development of educational excursion routes — theso-called «ecological and geological nature trails», to work with tourists visiting Gogland in an organizedway. Observance of scientifically sound nature use regulations in the PAs and wide-reaching awareness ac-tivities shall be the basic preconditions for safekeeping the nature of Gogland. In the long-term, organizationof controlled nature tourism should be recognized to be more economically beneficial than industrial rockmining. Conserving the unique Gogland Island for future generations is a challenge to be dealt with today.

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè

Àâòîðû áëàãîäàðíû âñåì ëèöàì, îêàçàâøèì ïîìîùü â îðãàíèçàöèè è ïðîâåäåíèè ðà-áîò, çà èõ ïîíèìàíèå è äîáðîæåëàòåëüíîå îòíîøåíèå.

Îãðîìíóþ áëàãîäàðíîñòü âûðàæàåì êîìàíäèðàì è ðÿäîâûì ïîãðàíè÷íîé ñëóæáûîñòðîâà Ãîãëàíä è áåðåãîâîé áàçû ã. Âûñîöêà, êàïèòàíàì è ÷ëåíàì êîìàíä ãèäðîãðàôè-÷åñêèõ ñóäîâ, ðóêîâîäèòåëÿì òóðèñòè÷åñêîé ôèðìû «Ãîãëàíä» çà ïðåäîñòàâëåíèå âîç-ìîæíîñòè ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ïîïóòíûìè ðåéñàìè âîçäóøíûõ è ìîðñêèõ òðàíñïîðòíûõñðåäñòâ.

Îò âñåé äóøè áëàãîäàðèì ñìîòðèòåëåé Ñåâåðíîãî è Þæíîãî ìàÿêîâ Ãîãëàíäà, êîòî-ðûå îêàçàëè íåîöåíèìóþ ïîìîùü, îñâîáîäèâ íàñ îò âñåõ áûòîâûõ òðóäíîñòåé, íåèçáåæ-íî âîçíèêàþùèõ ïðè ðàáîòå íà óäàëåííîì îò öèâèëèçàöèè îñòðîâå.

Èñêðåííå áëàãîäàðèì áûâøåãî äèðåêòîðà Íàöèîíàëüíîãî ïàðêà Ôèíëÿíäèè «ÂîñòîêÔèíñêîãî çàëèâà» Ýðêêè Âèðîëàéíåíà çà ïðåäîñòàâëåííûå êñåðîêîïèè ëèòåðàòóðíûõèñòî÷íèêîâ ïî ôëîðå è ôàóíå îñòðîâîâ Ôèíñêîãî çàëèâà.

Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðûReferences

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fedra/radist/goglandBrotherus V. F. Die Laubmoose Fennoscandias. Helsingfors, 1923. 635 s.Brenner M. Bidrag till kanedom af Finska vikensovegetation. IV Hoglands lafvar // Medd. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica.

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ser. 18. S. 65—67.Huldén E. Studien über Fraxinus excelsior L. // Acta Bot. Fenn. 1941. ¹ 28. S. 1—250.Hulten E. Atlas of the distribution of vascular plants in NW Europe. Stockholm, 1950. 1080 p.Kaisila J. Siivekkäät apollomme. Helsinki, 1948. S. 34—44.Karttunen K. S. O. Lindbergin «Musci Hoglandici» ja Suursaaren sammalkasviston kasvimaantieteellinen ryhmittel.

Master of sciense thesis, Department of Botany, Unifersity of Helsinki, Finland, 1986. 110 p.Krank E. H. A stereogram of Suursaari (Hogland). Fennia, 50, ¹ 18. Helsinki—Helsingfors, 1928. P. 3—8.Kotzsch H. Eine neue Inselform vom nordischen Apollo // Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1937. ¹ 19. P. 221.

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Kurki M. V. Suursaaren maantieteestä // Maantieteellisen yhdistyksen Aikakauskirja. 1912. ¹ 24. P. 114—123,205—225, 335—342.

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ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ

APPENDIX

I. Ñïèñîê âèäîâ ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòåíèéChecklist of species of Vascular Plants

Óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ

Notation conventions:

0 — òîëüêî ñòàðûå íàõîäêè (âèä íå îáíàðóæåí â 1992—1998 ãã.),old finds only (the species has not been found in 1992—1998);

1 — âèä îáíàðóæåí òîëüêî â 1992—1998 ãã.,the species has been found only in 1992—1998;

2 — âèä îáíàðóæåí â 1992—1998 ãã., 2004 ã. è äî 1944 ã.,the species has been found in 1992—1998, in 2004 and before 1944.

Æèðíûì øðèôòîì âûäåëåíû âèäû, âíåñåííûå â èçäàíèÿ: Red Data Book of East Fen-noskandia (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Âîñòî÷íîé Ôåííîñêàíäèè, (1998); Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà ïðèðîäû Ëå-íèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè. Òîì 2 (2000); Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà ÐÑÔÑÐ (1988); Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà ÑÑÑÐ(1984); Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðîññèè (2000).

The names of species included into the Red Data Book of East Fennoskandia (1998), the Red Data Bookof Nature of the Leningrad Region (2002), the Red Data Book of RSFSR (1988), the Red Data Book of USSR(1984) and the Red Data Book of Russia (2000) are given in bold.

Ðóññêîå íàçâàíèå âèäà

Russian name of species

Ëàòèíñêîå íàçâàíèå âèäà

Latin name of species

Âðåìÿ îáíàðó-æåíèÿ âèäà

Finding period

1. Àèñòíèê öèêóòíûé Erodium cicutarium 2

2. Áàãóëüíèê áîëîòíûé Ledum palustre 2

3. Áàðàíåö îáûêíîâåííûé Huperzia selago 2

4. Áàðáàðèñ îáûêíîâåííûé Berberis vulgaris 1

5. Áàøåííèöà ãîëàÿ Turritis glabra 2

6. Áåäðåíåö êàìíåëîìêà Pimpinella saxifraga 2

7. Áåëåíà ÷åðíàÿ Hyoscyamus niger 2

8. Áåëîçîð áîëîòíûé Parnassia palustris 0

9. Áåëîêðûëüíèê áîëîòíûé Calla palustris 2

10. Áåëîóñ òîð÷àùèé Nardus stricta 2

11. Áåðåçà ïîâèñëàÿ Betula pendula 2

12. Áåðåçà ïóøèñòàÿ Betula pubescens 2

13. Áåñêèëüíèöà ïîäóøêîâèäíàÿ Puccinellia pulvinata 2

14. Áîäÿê áîëîòíûé Cirsium palustre 2

15. Áîäÿê îáûêíîâåííûé Cirsium vulgare 2

16. Áîäÿê ïîëåâîé Cirsium arvense 2

17. Áîäÿê ðàçíîëèñòíûé Cirsium heterophyllum 2

18. Áîäÿê ùåòèíèñòûé Cirsium setosum 1

19. Áîëèãîëîâ ïÿòíèñòûé Conium maculatum 0

20. Áîð ðàçâåñèñòûé Milium effusum 1

21. Áîðîäàâíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Lapsana communis 2

48

22. Áîðùåâèê îáûêíîâåííûé Heracleum sibiricum 2

23. Áðàññèêà ïîëåâàÿ, ñóðåïêà Brassica campestris 0

24. Áðóñíèêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Rhodococcum vitis-idaea 2

25. Áóäðà ïëþùåâèäíàÿ Glechoma hederacea 2

26. Áóçèíà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Sambucus racemosa 1

27. Áóêîâíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Phegopteris connectilis 2

28. Âàéäà êðàñèëüíàÿ Isatis tinctoria 2

29. Âàëåðèàíà áóçèíîëèñòíàÿ Valeriana sambucifolia 1

30. Âàëåðèàíà ëåêàðñòâåííàÿ Valeriana officinalis 2

31. Âàëåðèàíà ïðèìîðñêàÿ Valeriana salina 1

32. Âàñèëåê ëóãîâîé Centaurea jacea 2

33. Âàñèëåê ñèíèé Centaurea cyanus 0

34. Âàñèëåê ôðèãèéñêèé Centaurea phrygia 2

35. Âàñèëåê øåðîõîâàòûé Centaurea scabiosa 2

36. Âàñèëèñíèê æåëòûé Thalictrum flavum 2

37. Âàõòà òðåõëèñòíàÿ Menyanthes trifoliata 2

38. Âåéíèê Ìåéíñõàóçåíà Calamagrostis meinshausenii 1

39. Âåéíèê íàçåìíûé Calamagrostis epigeios 2

40. Âåéíèê íåçàìå÷åííûé Calamagrostis neglecta 2

41. Âåéíèê ñåäåþùèé Calamagrostis canescens 1

42. Âåéíèê òðîñòíèêîâèäíûé Calamagrostis phragmitoides 1

43. Âåéíèê òðîñòíèêîâûé Calamagrostis arundinacea 2

44. Âåðáåéíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Lysimachia vulgaris 2

45. Âåðåñê îáûêíîâåííûé Calluna vulgaris 2

46. Âåðîíèêà âåñåííÿÿ Veronica verna 2

47. Âåðîíèêà äëèííîëèñòíàÿ Veronica longifolia 2

48. Âåðîíèêà äóáðàâíàÿ Veronica chamaedrys 2

49. Âåðîíèêà êîëîñèñòàÿ Veronica spicata 2

50. Âåðîíèêà ëåêàðñòâåííàÿ Veronica officinalis 2

51. Âåðîíèêà ïîëåâàÿ Veronica arvensis 2

52. Âåðîíèêà òèìüÿíîëèñòíàÿ Veronica serpyllifolia 2

53. Âåðîíèêà ùèòêîâàÿ Veronica scutellata 2

54. Âåñíÿíêà âåñåííÿÿ Erophila verna 1

55. Âåòðåíèöà äóáðàâíàÿ Anemonoides nemorosa 2

56. Âåõ ÿäîâèòûé Cicuta virosa 1

57. Âèøíÿ îáûêíîâåííàÿ Cerasus vulgaris 2

58. Âîäîñáîð îáûêíîâåííûé Aquilegia vulgaris 0

59. Âîäÿíèêà îáîåïîëàÿ Empetrum hermaphroditum 2

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Finding period

60. Âîäÿíèêà ÷åðíàÿ Empetrum nigrum 2

61. Âîëîâèê ëåêàðñòâåííûé Anchusa officinalis 2

62. Âîëîñíåö ïåñ÷àíûé Leymus arenarius 2

Âîë÷åÿãîäíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Daphne mezereum 2

64. Âîðîáåéíèê ïîëåâîé Lithospermum arvense 0

65. Âîðîíåö êîëîñèñòûé Actaea spicata 1

66. Âîðîíèé ãëàç ÷åòûðåõëèñòíûé Paris quadrifolia 2

67. Âîñêîâíèê áîëîòíûé Myrica gale 2

68. Âóäñèÿ îáûêíîâåííàÿ Woodsia ilvensis 2

69. Âüþíîê ïîëåâîé Convolvulus arvensis 2

70. Ãâîçäèêà òðàâÿíêà Dianthus deltoides 2

71. Ãåðàíü ëåñíàÿ Geranium sylvaticum 2

72. Ãåðàíü ëóãîâàÿ Geranium pratense 2

73. Ãåðàíü ìàëåíüêàÿ Geranium pusillum 1

74. Ãåðàíü Ðîáåðòà Geranium robertianum 2

75. Ãèð÷à òìèíîëèñòíàÿ Selinum carvifolia 1

76. Ãíåçäîâêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Neottia nidus-avis 0

77. Ãîëîêó÷íèê îáûêíîâåííûé Gymnocarpium dryopteris 2

78. Ãîíêåíèÿ áóòåðëàêîâèäíàÿ Honckenya peploides 2

79. Ãîðåö âîéëî÷íîëèñòíûé Persicaria tomentosa 1

80. Ãîðåö çåìíîâîäíûé Persicaria amphibia 1

81. Ãîðåö ïåðå÷íûé Persicaria hydropiper 2

82. Ãîðåö ïÿòíèñòûé Persicaria maculosa 2

83. Ãîðåö ðàçâåñèñòûé Persicaria lapathifolia 2

84. Ãîðå÷àâî÷êà ãîðüêîâàòàÿ Gentianella amarella 0

85. Ãîðè÷íèöà áîëîòíàÿ Thyselium palustre 2

86. Ãîðîøåê âîëîñèñòîïëîäíûé Vicia hirsuta 2

87. Ãîðîøåê çàáîðíûé Vicia sepium 2

88. Ãîðîøåê ëåñíîé Vicia sylvatica 2

89. Ãîðîøåê ìûøèíûé Vicia cracca 2

90. Ãîðîøåê óçêîëèñòíûé Vicia angustifolia 2

91. Ãîðîøåê ÷åòûðåõñåìÿííûé Vicia tetrasperma 1

92. Ãîð÷èöà áåëàÿ Sinapis alba 0

93. Ãîð÷èöà ïîëåâàÿ Sinapis arvensis 0

94. Ãðàâèëàò ãîðîäñêîé Geum urbanum 2

95. Ãðàâèëàò ðå÷íîé Geum rivale 2

96. Ãðàâèëàò ñðåäíèé Geum x intermedium 1

97. Ãðå÷èõà ïîñåâíàÿ Fagopyrum esculentum 0

50






Finding period

98. Ãðå÷èøêà âüþíêîâàÿ Fallopia convolvulus 2

99. Ãðå÷èøêà êóñòàðíèêîâàÿ Fallopia dumetorum 2

100. Ãðîçäîâíèê ïîëóëóííûé Botrychium lunaria 2

101. Ãðîçäîâíèê ðîìàøêîëèñòíûé Botrychium matricariifolium 1

102. Ãðóøàíêà çåëåíîöâåòêîâàÿ Pyrola chlorantha 2

103. Ãðóøàíêà êðóãëîëèñòíàÿ Pyrola rotundifolia 2

104. Ãðóøàíêà ìàëàÿ Pyrola minor 2

105. Ãðóøàíêà ñðåäíÿÿ Pyrola media 2

106. Ãóäàéåðà ïîëçó÷àÿ Goodyera repens 2

107. Ãóëÿâíèöà ëåêàðñòâåííàÿ Velarum officinale 2

108. Ãóñèíûé ëóê ìàëåíüêèé Gagea minima 1

109. Äâóêèñòî÷íèê òðîñòíèêîâûé Phalaroides arundinacea 2

110. Äâóðÿäíèê ñïëþñíóòûé Diphasiastrum complanatum 2

111. Äåâÿñèë èâîëèñòíûé Inula salicina 2

112. Äåðáåííèê èâîëèñòíûé Lythrum salicaria 2

113. Äåðáåííèê ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé Lythrum intermedium 1

114. Äåðåí øâåäñêèé Chamaepericlymenum suecicum 2

115. Äåñêóðàéíèÿ Ñîôèè Descurainia sophia 2

116. Äçàííèêåëëèÿ áîëîòíàÿ Zannichellia palustris 2

117. Äçàííèêåëëèÿ äëèííîíîæêîâàÿ Zannichellia pedunculata 0

118. Äèâàëà ìíîãîïëîäíàÿ Scleranthus polycarpus 1

119. Äèâàëà îäíîëåòíÿÿ Scleranthus annuus 2

120. Äîííèê áåëûé Melilotus albus 2

121. Äîííèê ëåêàðñòâåííûé Melilotus officinalis 0

122. Äð¸ìà áåëàÿ Melandrium album 2

123. Äð¸ìà äâóäîìíàÿ Melandrium dioicum 2

124. Äðåìëèê ëåñíîé Epipactis helleborine 0

125. Äóá ÷åðåø÷àòûé Quercus robur 1

126. Äóäíèê ëåñíîé Angelica sylvestris 2

127 Äóøåâêà ïîëåâàÿ Acinos arvensis 1

128. Äûìÿíêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Fumaria officinalis 0

129. Äÿãèëü ïðèìîðñêèé Archangelica litoralis 1

130. Åæà ñáîðíàÿ Dactylis glomerata 2

131. Åæåãîëîâíèê âñïëûâàþùèé Sparganium emersum 2

132. Åæåãîëîâíèê ïëàâàþùèé Sparganium natans 2

133. Åæåãîëîâíèê ïðÿìîñòîÿ÷èé Sparganium erectum 1

134. Åæåãîëîâíèê ñêó÷åííûé Sparganium glomeratum 0

135. Åæåãîëîâíèê óçêîëèñòíûé Sparganium angustifolium 2

51






Finding period

136. Åëü åâðîïåéñêàÿ Picea abies 2

137. Æàáíèê ïîëåâîé Filago arvensis 2

138. Æåëòóøíèê ëåâêîéíûé Erysimum cheiranthoides 2

139. Æåëòóøíèê ïðÿìîé Erysimum strictum 2

140. Æåðóøíèê áîëîòíûé Rorippa palustris 2

141. Æåñòåð ñëàáèòåëüíûé Rhamnus cathartica 1

142. Æèâó÷êà ïèðàìèäàëüíàÿ Ajuga pyramidalis 1

143. Æèìîëîñòü îáûêíîâåííàÿ Lonicera xylosteum 2

144. Çâåçä÷àòêà áîëîòíàÿ Stellaria palustris 2

145. Çâåçä÷àòêà çëàêîâèäíàÿ Stellaria graminea 2

146. Çâåçä÷àòêà ëàíöåòîëèñòíàÿ Stellaria holostea 2

147. Çâåçä÷àòêà ñðåäíÿÿ Stellaria media 2

148. Çâåçä÷àòêà òîïÿíàÿ Stellaria alsine 2

149. Çâåðîáîé ïðîíçåííûé Hypericum perforatum 2

150. Çâåðîáîé ïÿòíèñòûé Hypericum maculatum 2

151. Çåìëÿíèêà àíàíàñíàÿ Fragaria ananassa 1

152. Çåìëÿíèêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Fragaria vesca 2

153. Çèìîëþáêà çîíòè÷íàÿ Chimaphila umbellata 2

154. Çëàòîùèòíèê êàøòàíîâûé Chrysaspis spadicea 0

155. Çìååâèê æèâîðîäÿùèé Bistorta vivipara 0

156. Çîëîòàðíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Solidago virgaurea 2

157. Çîëîòîòûñÿ÷íèê ïðèìîðñêèé Centaurium littorale 2

158. Çóáðîâêà àðêòè÷åñêàÿ Hierochloë arctica 2

159. Çóáðîâêà þæíàÿ Hierochloë australis 2

160. Çóá÷àòêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Odontites vulgaris 0

161. Çþçíèê åâðîïåéñêèé Lycopus europaeus 2

162. Èâà êîçüÿ Salix caprea 2

163. Èâà ïåïåëüíàÿ Salix cinerea 2

164. Èâà ïÿòèòû÷èíêîâàÿ Salix pentandra 2

165. Èâà ðîçìàðèíîëèñòíàÿ Salix rosmarinifolia 0

166. Èâà óøàñòàÿ Salix aurita 2

167. Èâà ôèëèêîëèñòíàÿ Salix phylicifolia 2

168. Èâà ÷åðíåþùàÿ Salix myrsinifolia 2

169. Èâàí-÷àé óçêîëèñòíûé Chamaenerion angustifolium 2

170. Èêîòíèê ñåðî-çåëåíûé Berteroa incana 2

171. Èðèñ âîäÿíîé Iris pseudacorus 2

172. Èðèñ ãåðìàíñêèé Iris germanica 2

173. Êàëèíà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Viburnum opulus 2

52






Finding period

174. Êàëóæíèöà áîëîòíàÿ Caltha palustris 2

175. Êàìíåëîìêà òðåõïàëàÿ Saxifraga tridactylites 1

176. Êàìûø îçåðíûé Schoenoplectus lacustris 1

177. Êàìûø Òàáåðíåìîíòàíà Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani 1

178. Êàìûøåâíèê ëåñíîé Scirpus sylvaticus 1

179. Êèçèëüíèê ñêàíäèíàâñêèé Cotoneaster scandinavicus 2

180. Êèçèëüíèê ÷åðíîïëîäíûé Cotoneaster melanocarpus 2

181. Êèçëÿê êèñòåöâåòíûé Naumburgia thyrsiflora 1

182. Êèïðåé áîëîòíûé Epilobium palustre 2

183. Êèïðåé ãîðíûé Epilobium montanum 2

184. Êèïðåé æåëåçèñòîñòåáåëüíûé Epilobium adenocaulon 1

185. Êèïðåé õîëìîâîé Epilobium collinum 0

186. Êèñëèöà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Oxalis acetosella 2

187. Êëåâåð ãèáðèäíûé Trifolium hybridum 1

188. Êëåâåð ëóãîâîé Trifolium pratense 2

189. Êëåâåð ïîëåâîé Trifolium arvense 2

190. Êëåâåð ïîëçó÷èé Trifolium repens 2

191. Êëåí ïëàòàíîâèäíûé Acer platanoides 2

192. Êëîïîâíèê ìóñîðíûé Lepidium ruderale 2

193. Êëóáíåêàìûø ìîðñêîé Bolboschoenus maritimus 2

194. Êëþêâà áîëîòíàÿ Oxycoccus palustris 2

195. Êëþêâà ìåëêîïëîäíàÿ Oxycoccus microcarpus 2

196. Êíÿæåíèêà àðêòè÷åñêàÿ Rubus arcticus 2

197. Êîçåëåö íèçêèé Scorzonera humilis 2

198. Êîçëîáîðîäíèê ëóãîâîé Tragopogon pratensis 0

199. Êîëîêîëü÷èê êðóãëîëèñòíûé Campanula rotundifolia 2

200. Êîëîêîëü÷èê ïåðñèêîëèñòíûé Campanula persicifolia 0

201. Êîëîêîëü÷èê ðàñêèäèñòûé Campanula patula 2

202. Êîëîêîëü÷èê ðåï÷àòîâèäíûé Campanula rapunculoides 2

203. Êîëîêîëü÷èê ñêó÷åííîöâåòêîâûé Campanula glomerata 2

204. Êîðîâÿê îáûêíîâåííûé Verbascum thapsus 2

205. Êîðîâÿê ÷åðíåþùèé Verbascum nigrum 0

206. Êîðîñòàâíèê ïîëåâîé Knautia arvensis 2

207. Êîñòåíåö âîëîñîâèäíûé Asplenium trichomanes 2

208. Êîñòåíåö ñåâåðíûé Asplenium septentrionale 2

209. Êîñòåð ìÿãêèé Bromus mollis 2

210. Êîñòåð ïîëåâîé Bromus arvensis 0

211. Êîñòåð ðæàíîé Bromus secalinus 0

53






Finding period

212. Êîñòðåö áåçîñòûé Bromopsis inermis 0

213. Êîñòÿíèêà êàìåíèñòàÿ Rubus saxatilis 2

214. Êî÷åäûæíèê æåíñêèé Athyrium filix-femina 2

215. Êîøà÷üÿ ëàïêà äâóäîìíàÿ Antennaria dioica 2

216. Êðàïèâà äâóäîìíàÿ Urtica dioica 2

217. Êðàïèâà æãó÷àÿ Urtica urens 2

218. Êðàñîâëàñêà áîëîòíàÿ Callitriche palustris 0

219. Êðåñòîâíèê ëåñíîé Senecio sylvaticus 2

220. Êðåñòîâíèê ëèïêèé Senecio viscosus 2

221. Êðåñòîâíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Senecio vulgaris 2

222. Êðèâîöâåò ïîëåâîé Lycopsis arvensis 2

223. Êðóïêà äóáðàâíàÿ Draba nemorosa 2

224. Êðóøèíà ëîìêàÿ Frangula alnus 2

225. Êðûæîâíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Grossularia uva-crispa 2

226. Êðûæîâíèê îòêëîíåííûé Grossularia reclinata 2

227. Êóáûøêà æåëòàÿ Nuphar lutea 0

228. Êóâøèíêà ñåâåðíàÿ Nymphaea x borealis 2

229. Êóâøèíêà ñíåæíî-áåëàÿ Nymphaea candida 1

230. Êóêîëü ïîñåâíîé Agrostemma githago 0

231. Êóêóøêèí öâåò îáûêíîâåííûé Coccyganthe flos-cuculi 2

232. Êóëüáàáà îñåííÿÿ Leontodon autumnalis 2

233. Êóëüáàáà ùåòèíèñòàÿ Leontodon hispidus 0

234. Êóïàëüíèöà åâðîïåéñêàÿ Trollius europaeus 2

235. Êóïåíà äóøèñòàÿ Polygonatum odoratum 2

236. Êóïåíà ìíîãîöâåòêîâàÿ Polygonatum multiflorum 2

237. Êóïûðü ëåñíîé Anthriscus sylvestris 2

238. Ëàáàçíèê âÿçîëèñòíûé Filipendula ulmaria 2

239. Ëàáàçíèê îáíàæåííûé Filipendula denudata 1

240. Ëàäüÿí òðåõíàäðåçàííûé Corallorhiza trifida 2

241. Ëàíäûø ìàéñêèé Convallaria majalis 2

242. Ëàï÷àòêà Ãåéäåíðåéõà Potentilla heidenreichii 1

243. Ëàï÷àòêà Ãîëüäáàõà Potentilla goldbachii 1

244. Ëàï÷àòêà ãóñèíàÿ Potentilla anserina 2

245. Ëàï÷àòêà íîðâåæñêàÿ Potentilla norvegica 1

246. Ëàï÷àòêà ïîëçó÷àÿ Potentilla reptans 0

247. Ëàï÷àòêà ïðîìåæóòî÷íàÿ Potentilla intermedia 1

248. Ëàï÷àòêà ïðÿìîñòîÿ÷àÿ, êàëãàí Potentilla erecta 2

249. Ëàï÷àòêà ñåðåáðèñòàÿ Potentilla argentea 2

54






Finding period

250. Ëåáåäà ãîëîâàòàÿ Atriplex glabriuscula 1

251. Ëåáåäà äëèííîíîæêîâàÿ Atriplex longipes 1

252. Ëåáåäà êðàñèâîïëîäíàÿ Atriplex calotheca 1

253. Ëåáåäà ïðèìîðñêàÿ Atriplex littoralis 2

254. Ëåáåäà ïðîñòåðòàÿ Atriplex prostrata 2

255. Ëåáåäà ðàííÿÿ Atriplex praecox 2

256. Ëåáåäà ðàñêèäèñòàÿ Atriplex patula 0

257. Ëåïèäîòåêà ïàõó÷àÿ Lepidotheca suaveolens 2

258. Ëèëèÿ ëóêîâè÷êîíîñíàÿ Lilium bulbiferum 2

259. Ëèííåÿ ñåâåðíàÿ Linnaea borealis 2

260. Ëèïà ñåðäöåëèñòíàÿ Tilia cordata 2

261. Ëèïó÷êà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Lappula squarrosa 2

262. Ëèñîõâîñò êîëåí÷àòûé Alopecurus geniculatus 2

263. Ëèñîõâîñò ëóãîâîé Alopecurus pratensis 2

264. Ëèñîõâîñò òðîñòíèêîâûé Alopecurus arundinaceus 1

265. Ëæåëàòóê ñòåííîé Mycelis muralis 2

266. Ëîáåëèÿ Äîðòìàííà Lobelia dortmanna 2

267. Ëîïóõ ìàëûé Arctium minus 2

268. Ëîïóõ ïàóòèíèñòûé Arctium tomentosum 2

269. Ëóæíèöà âîäÿíàÿ Limosella aquatica 2

270. Ëóê îãîðîäíûé Allium oleraceum 2

271. Ëóê ñêîðîäà Allium schoenoprasum 2

272. Ëóê óãëîâàòûé Allium angulosum 1

273. Ëüíÿíêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Linaria vulgaris 2

274. Ëþáêà äâóëèñòíàÿ Platanthera bifolia 2

275. Ëþïèí ìíîãîëèñòíûé Lupinus polyphyllus 0

276. Ëþòèê åäêèé Ranunculus acris 2

277. Ëþòèê æãó÷èé Ranunculus flammula 2

278. Ëþòèê çîëîòèñòûé Ranunculus auricomus s. l. 2

279. Ëþòèê ìíîãîöâåòêîâûé Ranunculus polyanthemos 1

280. Ëþòèê ïîëçó÷èé Ranunculus repens 2

281. Ëþòèê ÿäîâèòûé Ranunculus sceleratus 2

282. Ëþöåðíà õìåëåâèäíàÿ Medicago lupulina 2

283. Ëÿäâåíåö âåðåùàòíèêîâûé Lotus callunetorum 1

284. Ëÿäâåíåö Ðóïðåõòà Lotus ruprechtii 2

285. Ëÿäâåíåö ñîìíèòåëüíûé Lotus ambiguus 1

286. Ìàéíèê äâóëèñòíûé Maianthemum bifolium 2

287. Ìàê ñíîòâîðíûé Papaver somniferum 0

55






Finding period

288. Ìàëèíà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Rubus idaeus 2

289. Ìàíæåòêà áàëòèéñêàÿ Alchemilla baltica 1

290. Ìàíæåòêà âîëîñèñòîñòåáåëüíàÿ Alchemilla hirsuticaulis 0

291. Ìàíæåòêà ãîðíàÿ Alchemilla monticola 2

292. Ìàíæåòêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Alchemilla vulgaris 2

293. Ìàíæåòêà ïî÷òè-ãîðîä÷àòàÿ Alchemilla subcrenata 1

294. Ìàíæåòêà Ñàìóýëñîíà Alchemilla samuelssonii 0

295. Ìàíæåòêà ñèçîâàòàÿ Alchemilla glaucescens 2

296. Ìàíæåòêà òîíêîñòåáåëüíàÿ Alchemilla filicaulis 0

297. Ìàííèê ïëàâàþùèé Glyceria fluitans 2

298. Ìàðü áåëàÿ Chenopodium album 2

299. Ìàðü ãèáðèäíàÿ Chenopodium hybridum 0

300. Ìàðü ìåëêîëèñòíàÿ Chenopodium striatiforme 2

301. Ìàðü ñèçàÿ Chenopodium glaucum 0

302. Ìàðü øâåäñêàÿ Chenopodium suecicum 2

303. Ìàðüÿííèê çèÿþùèé Melampyrum hians 1

304. Ìàðüÿííèê ëåñíîé Melampyrum sylvaticum 2

305. Ìàðüÿííèê ëóãîâîé Melampyrum pratense 2

306. Ìàòü-è-ìà÷åõà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Tussilago farfara 1

307. Ìåëêîëåïåñòíèê åäêèé Erigeron acris 2

308. Ìåðèíãèÿ òðåõæèëêîâàÿ Moehringia trinervia 2

309. Ìåòëèöà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Apera spica-venti 0

310. Ìå÷-òðàâà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Cladium mariscus 0

311. Ìëå÷íèê ìîðñêîé Glaux maritima 2

312. Ìíîãîíîæêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Polypodium vulgare 2

313. Ìîææåâåëüíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Juniperus communis 2

314. Ìîëèíèÿ ãîëóáàÿ Molinia caerulea 2

315. Ìîëî÷àé ëîçíûé Euphorbia virgata 2

316. Ìîëî÷àé ñîëíöåãëÿä Euphorbia helioscopia 0

317. Ìîíöèÿ êëþ÷åâàÿ Montia fontana 2

318. Ìîðîøêà ïðèçåìèñòàÿ Rubus chamaemorus 2

319. Ìîðñêàÿ ãîð÷èöà áàëòèéñêàÿ Cakile baltica 2

320. Ìøàíêà ëåæà÷àÿ Sagina procumbens 2

321. Ìøàíêà óçëîâàòàÿ Sagina nodosa 2

322. Ìûòíèê áîëîòíûé Pedicularis palustris 2

323. Ìûøåõâîñòíèê ìàëåíüêèé Myosurus minimus 0

324. Ìÿêîòíèöà áîëîòíàÿ Hammarbya paludosa 2

325. Ìÿòà ïîëåâàÿ Mentha arvensis 2

56






Finding period

326. Ìÿòëèê áîëîòíûé Poa palustris 2

327. Ìÿòëèê äóáðàâíûé Poa nemoralis 2

328. Ìÿòëèê ëóãîâîé Poa pratensis 2

329. Ìÿòëèê îáûêíîâåííûé Poa trivialis 2

330. Ìÿòëèê îäíîëåòíèé Poa annua 2

331. Ìÿòëèê ñïëþñíóòûé Poa compressa 2

332. Ìÿòëèê óçêîëèñòíûé Poa angustifolia 1

333. Íåäîòðîãà ìåëêîöâåòêîâàÿ Impatiens parviflora 0

334. Íåçàáóäêà áîëîòíàÿ Myosotis palustris 2

335. Íåçàáóäêà âåòâèñòàÿ Myosotis ramosissima 2

336. Íåçàáóäêà äåðíèñòàÿ Myosotis cespitosa 0

337. Íåçàáóäêà ïîëåâàÿ Myosotis arvensis 2

338. Íåçàáóäêà ïðÿìîñòîÿ÷àÿ Myosotis stricta 1

339. Íåñëèÿ ìåòåëü÷àòàÿ Neslia paniculata 0

340. Íèâÿíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Leucanthemum vulgare 2

341. Íîðè÷íèê óçëîâàòûé Scrophularia nodosa 2

342. Îâåñ ïîñåâíîé Avena sativa 1

343. Îâñåö ïóøèñòûé Helictotrichon pubescens 2

344. Îâñèê èçâèëèñòûé Avenella flexuosa 2

345. Îâñÿíèöà äþííàÿ Festuca sabulosa 2

346. Îâñÿíèöà êðàñíàÿ Festuca rubra 2

347. Îâñÿíèöà ëóãîâàÿ Festuca pratensis 2

348. Îâñÿíèöà îâå÷üÿ Festuca ovina 2

349. Îâñÿíèöà òðîñòíèêîâàÿ Festuca arundinacea 1

350. Îäíîöâåòêà îäíîöâåòêîâàÿ Moneses uniflora 2

351. Îäóâàí÷èê ëåêàðñòâåííûé Taraxacum aggr. officinale 2

352. Îæèêà áëåäíîâàòàÿ Luzula pallidula 2

353. Îæèêà âîëîñèñòàÿ Luzula pilosa 2

354. Îæèêà ìíîãîöâåòêîâàÿ Luzula multiflora 2

355. Îëüõà êëåéêàÿ Alnus glutinosa 2

356. Îëüõà ñåðàÿ Alnus incana 2

357. Îðëÿê øèðîêîâàòûé Pteridium latiusculum 2

358. Îðòèëèÿ îäíîáîêàÿ Orthilia secunda 2

359. Îñîêà áëåäíîâàòàÿ Carex pallescens 2

360. Îñîêà Áóêñáàóìà Carex buxbaumii 1

361. Îñîêà áóðîâàòàÿ Carex brunnescens 1

362. Îñîêà âçäóòàÿ Carex rostrata 2

363. Îñîêà âëàãàëèùíàÿ Carex vaginata 2

57






Finding period

364. Îñîêà âîäÿíàÿ Carex aquatilis 0

365. Îñîêà âîëîñèñòîïëîäíàÿ Carex lasiocarpa 2

366. Îñîêà ãàëå÷íèêîâàÿ Carex glareosa 2

367. Îñîêà äâóäîìíàÿ Carex dioica 2

368. Îñîêà äåðíèñòàÿ Carex cespitosa 2

369. Îñîêà åæåâèäíî-êîëîñêîâàÿ Carex echinata 2

370. Îñîêà æåëòàÿ Carex flava 2

371. Îñîêà çàÿ÷üÿ Carex leporina 2

372. Îñîêà êîëîñèñòàÿ Carex contigua 1

373. Îñîêà êîðîòêîâîëîñèñòàÿ Carex hirta 1

374. Îñîêà ëèñüÿ Carex vulpina 1

375. Îñîêà Ìàêåíçè Carex mackenziei 0

376. Îñîêà ìàëîöâåòêîâàÿ Carex pauciflora 2

377. Îñîêà îáåäíåííàÿ Carex paupercula 2

378. Îñîêà îñòðàÿ Carex acuta 1

379. Îñîêà ïàëü÷àòàÿ Carex digitata 2

380. Îñîêà ïåñ÷àíàÿ Carex arenaria 2

381. Îñîêà ïëåâåëîâèäíàÿ Carex loliacea 1

382. Îñîêà ïîçäíÿÿ Carex serotina 2

383. Îñîêà ïðîñÿíàÿ Carex panicea 2

384. Îñîêà ïóçûð÷àòàÿ Carex vesicaria 2

385. Îñîêà ðàííÿÿ Carex praecox 1

386. Îñîêà ñåðîâàòàÿ Carex canescens 2

387. Îñîêà ñèòíè÷êîâàÿ Carex juncella 1

388. Îñîêà ñêàíäèíàâñêàÿ Carex scandinavica 2

389. Îñîêà òîïÿíàÿ Carex limosa 2

390. Îñîêà óäëèíåííàÿ Carex elongata 1

391. Îñîêà ÷åðíàÿ Carex nigra 2

392. Îñîêà øàðèêîíîñíàÿ Carex pilulifera 2

393. Îñîêà øàðîâèäíîêîëîñêîâàÿ Carex globularis 1

394. Îñîò íèçêèé Sonchus humilis 1

395. Îñîò îãîðîäíûé Sonchus oleraceus 2

396. Îñîò ïîëåâîé Sonchus arvensis 2

397. Îñîò øåðîõîâàòûé Sonchus asper 0

398. Îñòðèöà ëåæà÷àÿ Asperugo procumbens 2

399. Î÷àíêà êîðîòêîâîëîñèñòàÿ Euphrasia brevipila 2

400. Î÷àíêà ìåëêîöâåòêîâàÿ Euphrasia parviflora 1

401. Î÷àíêà Ìóðáåêà Euphrasia murbeckii 1

58






Finding period

402. Î÷åðåòíèê áåëûé Rhynchospora alba 2

403. Î÷åðåòíèê áóðûé Rhynchospora fusca 2

404. Î÷èòîê áåëûé Sedum album 2

405. Î÷èòîê åäêèé Sedum acre 2

406. Î÷èòîê îäíîëåòíèé Sedum annuum 2

407. Î÷èòîê øåñòèãðàííûé Sedum sexangulare 2

408. Ïàëüöåêîðíèê ïÿòíèñòûé Dactylorhiza maculata 2

409. Ïàëüöåêîðíèê Ôóêñà Dactylorhiza fuchsii 1

410. Ïàñëåí ñëàäêî-ãîðüêèé Solanum dulcamara 2

411. Ïàñëåí ÷åðíûé Solanum nigrum 2

412. Ïàñòóøüÿ ñóìêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Capsella bursa-pastoris 2

413. Ïàõó÷åêîëîñíèê äóøèñòûé Anthoxanthum odoratum 2

414. Ïåðëîâíèê ïîíèêàþùèé Melica nutans 2

415. Ïåñ÷àíêà òèìüÿíîëèñòíàÿ Arenaria serpyllifolia 2

416. Ïå÷åíî÷íèöà áëàãîðîäíàÿ Hepatica nobilis 2

417. Ïèæìà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Tanacetum vulgare 2

418. Ïèêóëüíèê âûÿì÷àòîãóáûé Galeopsis bifida 2

419. Ïèêóëüíèê êðàñèâûé Galeopsis speciosa 0

420. Ïèêóëüíèê ëàäàííûé Galeopsis ladanum 2

421. Ïèêóëüíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Galeopsis tetrahit 2

422. Ïëàóí áóëàâîâèäíûé Lycopodium clavatum 2

423. Ïëàóí ãîäè÷íûé Lycopodium annotinum 2

424. Ïëåâåë ìíîãîëåòíèé Lolium perenne 0

425. Ïëåâåë ðàññòàâëåííûé Lolium remotum 0

426. Ïîâèëèêà åâðîïåéñêàÿ Cuscuta europaea 2

427. Ïîâîé çàáîðíûé Calystegia sepium 2

428. Ïîãðåìîê âåñåííèé Rhinanthus vernalis 0

429. Ïîãðåìîê ìàëûé Rhinanthus minor 2

430. Ïîäáåë îáûêíîâåííûé Andromeda polifolia 2

431. Ïîäëåñíèê åâðîïåéñêèé Sanicula europaea 2

432. Ïîäìàðåííèê ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé Galium intermedium 1

433. Ïîäìàðåííèê áåëûé Galium album 2

434. Ïîäìàðåííèê áîëîòíûé Galium palustre 2

435. Ïîäìàðåííèê Âàéëëàíà Galium vaillantii 2

436. Ïîäìàðåííèê äóøèñòûé Galium odoratum 1

437. Ïîäìàðåííèê æåëòûé Galium verum 2

438. Ïîäìàðåííèê ïîìåðàíñêèé Galium x pomeranicum 2

439. Ïîäìàðåííèê ñåâåðíûé Galium boreale 2

59






Finding period

440. Ïîäìàðåííèê òîïÿíîé Galium uliginosum 2

441. Ïîäìàðåííèê òðåõíàäðåçíûé Galium trifidum 1

442. Ïîäìàðåííèê òðåõöâåòêîâûé Galium triflorum 0

443. Ïîäìàðåííèê öåïêèé Galium aparine 2

444. Ïîäîðîæíèê áîëüøîé Plantago major 2

445. Ïîäîðîæíèê Âèíòåðà Plantago winteri 1

446. Ïîäîðîæíèê ëàíöåòîëèñòíûé Plantago lanceolata 2

447. Ïîäîðîæíèê ìîðñêîé Plantago maritima 2

448. Ïîäîðîæíèê ñðåäíèé Plantago media 0

449. Ïîäîðîæíèê òîïÿíîé Plantago uliginosa 1

450. Ïîäúåëüíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Hypopitys monotropa 2

451. Ïîëåâèöà âèíîãðàäíèêîâàÿ Agrostis vinealis 1

452. Ïîëåâèöà ïîáåãîîáðàçóþùàÿ Agrostis stolonifera 2

453. Ïîëåâèöà ñîáà÷üÿ Agrostis canina 2

454. Ïîëåâèöà ñîëîìåííî-æåëòàÿ Agrostis straminea 2

455. Ïîëåâèöà òîíêàÿ Agrostis tenuis 2

456. Ïîëûíü ãîðüêàÿ Artemisia absinthium 2

457. Ïîëûíü îáûêíîâåííàÿ Artemisia vulgaris 2

458. Ïîëûíü ïîëåâàÿ Artemisia campestris 1

459. Ïîòî÷íèê ðûæèé 2

460. Ïðèáðåæíèöà îäíîöâåòêîâàÿ Littorella uniflora 0

461. Ïðîçàííèê êðàï÷àòûé Trommsdorfia maculata 0

462. Ïðîëåñêà ñèáèðñêàÿ Scilla siberica 1

463. Ïðîñâèðíèê íåçàìå÷åííûé Malva neglecta 0

464. Ïðîñâèðíèê íèçêèé Malva pusilla 2

465. Ïóçûðíèê ëîìêèé Cystopteris fragilis 2

466. Ïóçûð÷àòêà ìàëàÿ Utricularia minor 2

467. Ïóçûð÷àòêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Utricularia vulgaris 2

468. Ïóçûð÷àòêà ñðåäíÿÿ Utricularia intermedia 2

469. Ïóïàâêà êðàñèëüíàÿ Anthemis tinctoria 0

470. Ïóõîíîñ àëüïèéñêèé Trichophorum alpinum 2

471. Ïóõîíîñ äåðíèñòûé Trichophorum caespitosum 2

472. Ïóøèöà âëàãàëèùíàÿ Eriophorum vaginatum 2

473. Ïóøèöà óçêîëèñòíàÿ Eriophorum angustifolium 2

474. Ïûðåé ïîëçó÷èé Elytrigia repens 2

475. Ïûðåéíèê ñîáà÷èé Elymus caninus 2

476. Ðäåñò àëüïèéñêèé Potamogeton alpinus 0

477. Ðäåñò ïëàâàþùèé Potamogeton natans 2

60






Finding period

478. Ðäåñò ïðîíçåííîëèñòíûé Potamogeton perfoliatus 2

479. Ðåäå÷êà íåæíàÿ Chorispora tenella 1

480. Ðåäüêà äèêàÿ Raphanus raphanistrum 0

481. Ðåçóøêà Òàëÿ Arabidopsis thaliana 2

482. Ðåçóøêà øâåäñêàÿ Arabidopsis suecica 2

483. Ðîãîç øèðîêîëèñòíûé Typha latifolia 2

484. Ðîçà Àôöåëèóñà Rosa afzeliana 2

485. Ðîçà áåäðåíöåëèñòíàÿ Rosa pimpinellifolia 1

486. Ðîçà ìàéñêàÿ Rosa majalis 2

487. Ðîçà ìîðùèíèñòàÿ Rosa rugosa 2

488. Ðîçà ïî÷òè-ñîáà÷üÿ Rosa subcanina 1

489. Ðîçà ñåðîâàòàÿ Rosa caesia 2

490. Ðîçà ùèòêîíîñíàÿ Rosa corymbifera 1

491. Ðîìàøêà ëåêàðñòâåííàÿ Matricaria recutita 0

492. Ðîñÿíêà àíãëèéñêàÿ Drosera anglica 2

493. Ðîñÿíêà êðóãëîëèñòíàÿ Drosera rotundifolia 2

494. Ðîñÿíêà îáðàòíîÿéöåâèäíàÿ Drosera x obovata 1

495. Ðîñÿíêà ïðîìåæóòî÷íàÿ Drosera intermedia 2

496. Ðûæèê ïîñåâíîé Camelina sativa 0

497. Ðÿáèíà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Sorbus aucuparia 2

498. Ðÿñêà ìàëàÿ Lemna minor 0

499. Ñàáåëüíèê áîëîòíûé Comarum palustre 2

500. Ñâåðáèãà âîñòî÷íàÿ Bunias orientalis 2

501. Ñåäìè÷íèê åâðîïåéñêèé Trientalis europaea 2

502. Ñåðäå÷íèê æåñòêîâîëîñèñòûé Cardamine hirsuta 0

503. Ñåðäå÷íèê ëóãîâîé Cardamine pratensis 2

504. Ñåðäå÷íèêîâèäêà ïåñ÷àíàÿ Cardaminopsis arenosa 1

505. Ñèâåö ëóãîâîé Succisa pratensis 2

506. Ñèíÿê îáûêíîâåííûé Echium vulgare 2

507. Ñèðåíü îáûêíîâåííàÿ Syringa vulgaris 1

508. Ñèòíèê àëüïèéñêèé Juncus alpinoarticulatus 2

509. Ñèòíèê áàëòèéñêèé Juncus balticus 1

510. Ñèòíèê æàáèé Juncus bufonius 2

511. Ñèòíèê Æåðàðà Juncus gerardii 2

512. Ñèòíèê ëóêîâè÷íûé Juncus supinus 2

513. Ñèòíèê ëÿãóøà÷èé Juncus ranarius 2

514. Ñèòíèê íèòåâèäíûé Juncus filiformis 2

515. Ñèòíèê ðàçâåñèñòûé Juncus effusus 2

61






Finding period

516. Ñèòíèê ñêó÷åííûé Juncus conglomeratus 2

517. Ñèòíèê ñïëþñíóòûé Juncus compressus 2

518. Ñèòíèê óçëîâàòûé Juncus nodulosus 2

519. Ñèòíèê Õþëàíäåðà Juncus hylanderi 2

520. Ñèòíèê ÷ëåíèñòûé Juncus articulatus 2

521. Ñèòíÿã ìàëîöâåòêîâûé Eleocharis quinqueflora 0

522. Ñèòíÿã ñîñî÷êîâûé Eleocharis mamillata 1

523. Ñèòíÿã ôèíñêèé Eleocharis fennica 1

524. Ñêåðäà áîëîòíàÿ Crepis paludosa 2

525. Ñêåðäà êðîâåëüíàÿ Crepis tectorum 2

526. Ñêåðäà ìíîãîëèñòíàÿ Crepis foliosa 1

527. Ñëèâà äîìàøíÿÿ Prunus domestica 2

528. Ñìîëåâêà ïîíèêøàÿ Silene nutans 2

529. Ñìîëêà àëüïèéñêàÿ Steris alpina 2

530. Ñìîëêà êëåéêàÿ Steris viscaria 2

531. Ñìîðîäèíà àëüïèéñêàÿ Ribes alpinum 2

532. Ñìîðîäèíà êîëîñèñòàÿ Ribes spicatum 2

533. Ñìîðîäèíà êðàñíàÿ Ribes rubrum 2

534. Ñìîðîäèíà ÷åðíàÿ Ribes nigrum 2

535 Ñíûòü îáûêíîâåííàÿ Aegopodium podagraria 2

536. Ñîêèðêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Consolida regalis 0

537. Ñîëÿíêà êàëèéíàÿ Salsola kali 0

538. Ñîñíà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Pinus sylvestris 2

539. Ñïîðûø íåçàìå÷åííûé Polygonum neglectum 1

540. Ñïîðûø îñòðîïëîäíûé Polygonum oxyspermum 0

541. Ñïîðûø ïòè÷èé Polygonum aviculare s. str. 2

542. Ñïîðûø ñåâåðíûé Polygonum boreale 1

543. Ñïîðûø ñåëüñêèé Polygonum rurivagum 1

544. Ñóðåïêà äóãîâèäíàÿ Barbarea arcuata 2

545. Ñóðåïêà ïðÿìàÿ Barbarea stricta 1

546. Ñóõîöâåòêà ëåñíàÿ Omalotheca sylvatica 2

547. Ñóøåíèöà òîïÿíàÿ Gnaphalium uliginosum 2

548. Òàéíèê ñåðäöåâèäíûé Listera cordata 2

549. Òàéíèê ÿéöåâèäíûé Listera ovata 2

550. Òèìîôååâêà àëüïèéñêàÿ Phleum alpinum 2

551. Òèìîôååâêà ëóãîâàÿ Phleum pratense 2

552. Òèìîôååâêà óçëîâàòàÿ Phleum nodosum 2

553. Òèìüÿí ïîëçó÷èé Thymus serpyllum 2

62






Finding period

554. Òèìüÿí ÿéöåâèäíîëèñòíûé Thymus ovatus 1

555. Òìèí îáûêíîâåííûé Carum carvi 2

556. Òîëîêíÿíêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 2

557. Òîïîëü äðîæàùèé, îñèíà Populus tremula 2

558. Òîðèöà Ìîðèñîíà Spergula morisonii 2

559. Òîðèöà ïîñåâíàÿ Spergula sativa 2

560. Òîðè÷íèê êðàñíûé Spergularia rubra 2

561. Òîðè÷íèê ïðèìîðñêèé Spergularia marina 2

562. Òðåõçóáêà ðàñïðîñòåðòàÿ Sieglingia decumbens 2

563. Òðåõðåáåðíèê íåïàõó÷èé Tripleurospermum inodorum 2

564. Òðåõðåáåðíèê ïðèìîðñêèé Tripleurospermum maritimum 2

565. Òðèîñòðåííèê áîëîòíûé Triglochin palustris 2

566. Òðèîñòðåííèê ïðèìîðñêèé Triglochin maritimum 2

567. Òðèïîëèóì îáûêíîâåííûé, ñîëîí÷à-êîâàÿ àñòðà

Tripolium vulgare 0

568. Òðîñòíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Phragmites australis 2

569. Òðÿñóíêà ñðåäíÿÿ Briza media 2

570. Òûñÿ÷åëèñòíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Achillea millefolium 2

571. Óæîâíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Ophioglossum vulgatum 1

572. Óðóòü êîëîñèñòàÿ Myriophyllum spicatum 1

573. Ôåäèìóñ íåÿñíûé Phedimus spurius 1

574. Ôèàëêà áîëîòíàÿ Viola palustris 2

575. Ôèàëêà ïîëåâàÿ Viola arvensis 2

576. Ôèàëêà ïðèìîðñêàÿ Viola maritima 1

577. Ôèàëêà Ðèâèíèóñà Viola riviniana 2

578. Ôèàëêà ðîùåâàÿ Viola nemoralis 2

579. Ôèàëêà ñêàëüíàÿ Viola rupestris 0

580. Ôèàëêà ñîáà÷üÿ Viola canina 2

581. Ôèàëêà òðåõöâåòíàÿ Viola tricolor 2

582. Ôèàëêà óäèâèòåëüíàÿ Viola mirabilis 0

583. Õâîñòíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Hippuris vulgaris 0

584. Õâîù áîëîòíûé Equisetum palustre 2

585. Õâîù ëåñíîé Equisetum sylvaticum 2

586. Õâîù ëóãîâîé Equisetum pratense 0

587. Õâîù ïîëåâîé Equisetum arvense 2

588. Õâîù ðå÷íîé Equisetum fluviatile 2

589. Õèëîòåëåôèóì ñòåëþùèéñÿ Hylotelephium decumbens 2

590. Õëîïóøêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Oberna behen 0

63






Finding period

591. Õëîïóøêà ïðèìîðñêàÿ Oberna littoralis 2

592. Õìåëü âüþùèéñÿ Humulus lupulus 2

593. Õîõëàòêà ïðîìåæóòî÷íàÿ Corydalis intermedia 3

594. Öèêîðèé îáûêíîâåííûé Cichorium intybus 0

595. ×àñòóõà ïîäîðîæíèêîâàÿ Alisma plantago-aquatica 2

596. ×åðåäà òðåõðàçäåëüíàÿ Bidens tripartita 2

597. ×åðåìóõà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Padus avium 2

598. ×åðíèêà áîëîòíàÿ, ãîëóáèêà Vaccinium uliginosum 2

599. ×åðíèêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Vaccinium myrtillus 2

600. ×åðíîãîëîâêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Prunella vulgaris 2

601. ×åðíîêîðåíü ëåêàðñòâåííûé Cynoglossum officinale 2

602. ×åðòîïîëîõ êóð÷àâûé Carduus crispus 2

603. ×èíà áîëîòíàÿ Lathyrus palustris 1

604. ×èíà âåñåííÿÿ Lathyrus vernus 2

605. ×èíà ëüíîëèñòíàÿ, ÷èíà ãîðíàÿ Lathyrus linifolius 1

606. ×èíà ëåñíàÿ Lathyrus sylvestris 2

607. ×èíà ëóãîâàÿ Lathyrus pratensis 2

608. ×èíà ïðèìîðñêàÿ Lathyrus maritimus 2

609. ×èñòåö áîëîòíûé Stachys palustris 2

610. ×èñòîòåë áîëüøîé Chelidonium majus 2

611. ×èñòÿê âåñåííèé Ficaria verna 1

612. ×èõîòíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Ptarmica vulgaris 2

613. ×èõîòíèê õðÿùåâàòûé Ptarmica cartilaginea 1

614. Øåéõöåðèÿ áîëîòíàÿ Scheuchzeria palustris 0

615. Øåëêîâíèê ïðèìîðñêèé Batrachium marinum 1

616. Øëåìíèê êîïüåëèñòíûé Scutellaria hastifolia 0

617. Øëåìíèê îáûêíîâåííûé Scutellaria galericulata 2

618. Øòóêåíèÿ ãðåáåí÷àòàÿ Stuckenia pectinatus 2

619. Øòóêåíèÿ íèòåâèäíàÿ Stuckenia filiformis 0

620. Ùàâåëü äëèííîëèñòíûé Rumex longifolius 2

621. Ùàâåëü êèñëûé Rumex acetosa 2

622. Ùàâåëü êóð÷àâûé Rumex crispus 2

623. Ùàâåëü ìàëûé Rumex acetosella 2

624. Ùàâåëü ïèðàìèäàëüíûé Rumex thyrsiflorus 2

625. Ùàâåëü ïðèáðåæíûé Rumex hydrolapathum 0

626. Ùàâåëü òóïîëèñòíûé Rumex obtusifolius 2

627. Ùåòèííèê çåëåíûé Setaria viridis 2

628. Ùèòîâíèê ãðåáåí÷àòûé Dryopteris cristata 0

64






Finding period

629. Ùèòîâíèê ìóæñêîé Dryopteris filix-mas 2

630. Ùèòîâíèê ðàñïðîñòåðòûé Dryopteris expansa 2

631. Ùèòîâíèê øàðòðñêèé Dryopteris carthusiana 2

632. Ùó÷êà äåðíèñòàÿ Deschampsia cespitosa 2

633. ßáëîíÿ ëåñíàÿ Malus sylvestris 2

634. ßáëîíÿ ñàäîâàÿ Malus domestica 2

635. ßðóòêà ïîëåâàÿ Thlaspi arvense 2

636. ßðóòî÷êà ñèçîâàòàÿ Noccaea caerulescens 1

637. ßñåíü îáûêíîâåííûé Fraxinus excelsior 2

638. ßñêîëêà äåðíèñòàÿ Cerastium holosteoides 2

639. ßñêîëêà ïÿòèòû÷èíêîâàÿ Cerastium semidecandrum 2

640. ßñíîòêà áåëàÿ Lamium album 2

641. ßñíîòêà ãèáðèäíàÿ Lamium hybridum 2

642. ßñíîòêà ïóðïóðíàÿ Lamium purpureum 0

643. ßñíîòêà ñòåáëåîáúåìëþùàÿ Lamium amplexicaule 0

644. ßñòðåáèíêà âêëèíèâàþùàÿñÿ Hieracium incurrens 0

645. ßñòðåáèíêà ãîãëàíäñêàÿ Hieracium hoglandicum 2

646. ßñòðåáèíêà äåâÿñèëîëèñòíàÿ Hieracium inulifolium (!) 0

647. ßñòðåáèíêà çîíòè÷íàÿ Hieracium umbellatum 2

648. ßñòðåáèíêà Éåëüòà Hieracium hjeltii 2

649. ßñòðåáèíêà êóáàðåâèäíàÿ Hieracium coniops 2

650. ßñòðåáèíêà ìíîãîëèñòíàÿ Hieracium multifrons 0

651. ßñòðåáèíêà îáèëüíàÿ Hieracium prolixum 2

652. ßñòðåáèíêà îáû÷íàÿ Hieracium vulgatum 2

653. ßñòðåáèíêà ïðîçðà÷íîâàòàÿ Hieracium diaphanoides 0

654. ßñòðåáèíêà ðàçíîëèñòíàÿ Hieracium diversifolium 0

655. ßñòðåáèíêà ðîçåòî÷íàÿ Hieracium basifolium 0

656. ßñòðåáèíêà ðûæåâàòàÿ Hieracium fulvescens 1

657. ßñòðåáèíêà ñåðî-æåëòàÿ Hieracium ravidum 2

658. ßñòðåáèíêà ñèçîâàòàÿ Hieracium subcaesium 2

659. ßñòðåáèíêà Ñèëåíà Hieracium silenii 0

660. ßñòðåáèíêà ñêàëüíàÿ Hieracium saxifragum 2

661. ßñòðåáèíêà ÿðêàÿ Hieracium laeticolor 0

662. ßñòðåáèíî÷êà îáèëüíîöâåòóùàÿ Pilosella floribunda 2

663. ßñòðåáèíî÷êà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Pilosella officinarum 2

65






Finding period

II. Ñïèñîê âèäîâ ëèñòîñòåáåëüíûõ ìõîâ

Checklist of species of Bryophytes

Æèðíûì øðèôòîì âûäåëåíû âèäû, âíåñåííûå â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ïðèðîäû Ëåíèíãðàä-ñêîé îáëàñòè (2000). Çâåçäî÷êîé îòìå÷åíû âèäû, ïðèâåäåííûå â ñïèñêå òîëüêî ïî äàí-íûì ìàãèñòåðñêîé äèññåðòàöèè Ê. Êàðòòóíåíà, — äàííûå ðàíåå íå ïóáëèêîâàëèñü.

The names of species included into the Red Data Book of Nature of the Leningrad Region (2000) aregiven in bold. The species included into the list according to unpublished data from master’s thesis ofK. Karttunen are marked with one asterisk.

1. Andrea crassinervia Bruch

2. Abietinella abietina (Hedw.) Fleisch.

3. Amphidium lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp.

4. Amphidium mougeotii (B. S. G.) Schimp.

5. Andrea rupestris Hedw. *

6. Anomodon longifolius (Brid.) Hartm. *

7. Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. et. Tayl.

8. Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. *

9. Atrichum tenellum (Roehl.) B. S. G. *

10. Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwaegr.

11. Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. var. palustre

12. Bartramia ithyphylla Brid.

13. Bartramia pomiformis Hedw.

14. Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) B. S. G.

15. Brachythecium mildeanum (Schimp.) Schimp. ex. Milde

16. Brachythecium reflexum (Starke) B.R.G.

17. Brachythecium rivulare B. S. G.

18. Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) B. S. G. *

19. Brachythecium starcei (Brid.) B. S. G.

20. Bryum caespiticium Hedw. *

21. Bryum capillare Hedw.

22. Bryum cyclophyllum (Schwaegr.) B. S. G.

23. Bryum imbricatum (Schwaegr.) B. S. G.

24. Bryum muehlenbeckii B. S. G.

25. Bryum pallens (Brid.) Sw. ex Roehl. *

26. Bryum pallescens Schleich. ex Schwaegr.

27. Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn. et al. *

28. Bryum salinum Limpr. *

29. Bryum weigelii Spreng.

30. Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw.

31. Buxbaumia viridis (DC.) Moug. et Nestl. *

66

32. Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb.

33. Calliergon giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb.

34. Calliergon stramineum (Brid.) Kindb.

35. Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske

36. Campylium calcareum Crundw. et Nyh. *

37. Campylium chrysophyllum (Brid.) J.Lange

38. Campylium polygamum (B. S. G.) C. Jens. *

39. Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) C.Jens.

40. Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.

41. Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Web. et Mohr.

42. Cynodontium bruntonii (Sm.) B. S. G.

43. Cynodontium polycarpum (Hedw.) Schimp.

44. Cynodontium strumiferum (Hedw.) Lindb. *

45. Cynodontium tenellum (B. S. G.) Limpr.

46. Dicranella cerviculata (Hedw.) Schimp. *

47. Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp.

48. Dicranum bergeri Blandov *

49. Dicranum bonjeanii De Not.

50. Dicranum congestum Brid.

51. Dicranum drummondii C. Muell.

52. Dicranum fuscescens Turn.

53. Dicranum majus Sm.

54. Dicranum polysetum Sw.

55. Dicranum scoparium Hedw.

56. Dicranum spurium Hedw.

57. Ditrichum heteromallum (Hedw.) Britt. *

58. Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe

59. Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst.

60. Dryptodon patens (Hedw.) Brid.

61. Eurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn. *

62. Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. *

63. Fissidens dubius P.Beauv.

64. Fissidens osmundoides Hedw.

65. Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.

66. Fontinalis dalecarlica B. S. G.

67. Grimmia elatior Bals. et De Not.

68. Grimmia hartmannii Schimp.

69. Grimmia torquata Hornsch.

70. Helodium blandowii (Web. et Mohr) Warnst.

71. Herzogiella seligeri (Brid.) Iwats.

72. Herzogiella striatella (Brid.) Iwats.

67

73. Herzogiella turfacea (Lindb.) Iwats.

74. Heterocladium dimorphum (Brid.) B. S. G. *

75. Homalia basseri Lob. *

76. Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) Bruch. et Schimp. in B. S. G.

77. Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) Â.S.G. *

78. Homomallium incurvatum (Brid.) Loeske. *

79. Hylocomiastrum umbratum (Hedw.) Fleisch. in Broth.

80. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.)

81. Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.

82. Hypnum imponens Hedw. *

83. Hypnum lindbergii Mitt. *

84. Isopterygiopsis pulchella (Hedw.) Iwats.

85. Isothecium alopecuroides (Dubois.) Isov.

86. Kiaeria blyttii (Schimp.) Broth.

87. Kiaeria falcata (Hedw.) Hag.

88. Leptodictium riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. *

89. Leskeella nervosa (Brid.) Loeske *

90. Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Aongstr.

91. Limprichtia revolvens (Sw.) Loeske *

92. Meesia triquetra (Richter) Aongstr. *

93. Mnium hornum Hedw.

94. Mnium stellare Hedw. *

95. Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Hueb.

96. Neckera crispa Hedw.

97. Neckera pennata Hedw.

98. Orthodicranum flagellare (Hedw.) Loeske

99. Orthodicranum montanum (Hedw.) Loeske

100. Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich. ex Schwaegr.

101. Oxystegus tenuirostris (Hook. et Taylor) A. J. E. Smith.

102. Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. Kop.

103. Plagiomnium elatum (B. S. G.) T. Kop.

104. Plagiomnium ellipticum (Brid.) T. Kop.

105. Plagiomnium medium (B. S. G.) T. Kop.

106. Plagiothecium cavifolium (Brid.) Iwats.

107. Plagiothecium curfifolium Limpr. *

108. Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B. S. G.

109. Plagiothecium laetum B. S. G.

110. Plagiothecium piliferum (Sw. ex Hartm.) B. S. G.

111. Pleurozium schreberii (Brid.) Mitt.

112. Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. *

113. Pohlia cruda (Hedw.) Lindb.

68

114. Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb.

115. Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G. L. Sm.

116. Polytrichum commune Hedw.

117. Polytrichum formosum Hedw. *

118. Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw.

119. Polytrichum longisetum Sw. ex Brid.

120. Polytrichum piliferum Hedw.

121. Polytrichum strictum Brid.

122. Pseudobryum cinclidioides (Hueb.) T. Kop.

123. Pseudoleskeella papillosa (Lindb.) Kindb. *

124. Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans (Brid.) Iwats.

125. Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. *

126. Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not.

127. Pylaisiella polyantha (Hedw.) Grout

128. Racomitrium aciculare (Hedw.) Brid.

129. Racomitrium affine (Web. et Mohr.) Lindb.

130. Racomitrium aquaticum (Schrad.) Brid.

131. Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid.

132. Racomitrium fasciculare (Hedw.) Brid.

133. Racomitrium heterostichum (Hedw.) Brid.

134. Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid.

135. Racomitrium sudeticum (Funck.) B. S. G.

136. Rhabdoweisia fugax (Hedw.) B. S. G.

137. Rhisomnium pseudopunctatum (Bruch et Schimp.) Ò. Êîð. *

138. Rhizomnium punctatum (Hedw.) T. Kop.

139. Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr.

140. Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst.

141. Sarmentypnum sarmentosum (Wahlenb.) Tuom. et T. Kop.

142. Schistidium maritimum (Turn.) B. S. G.

143. Schistidium strictum (Turn.) Mart.

144. Splachnum ampullaceum Hedw.

145. Sphagnum angustifolium (Russ.) Russ. ex C. Jens.

146. Sphagnum balticum (Russ.) ex C. Jens.

147. Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.

148. Sphagnum centrale C.Jens. ex H.Arnell et C.Jens.

149. Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. Ex Hoffm.

150. Sphagnum fallax (Klinggr.) Klinggr.

151. Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. in Wils. et Hook.

152. Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy et Molk.

153. Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr.

154. Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ.

69

155. Sphagnum magellanicum Bird.

156. Sphagnum majus (Russ.) C. Jens.

157. Sphagnum obtusum Warnst.

158. Sphagnum papillosum Lindb.

159. Sphagnum platyphyllum (Lindb. Ex Braithw) Sull. Ex Warnst.

160. Sphagnum riparium Aongstr.

161. Sphagnum rubellum Wils.

162. Sphagnum russowii Warnst.

163. Sphagnum squarrosum Crome

164. Sphagnum subsecundum Ness ex Sturm

165. Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr. Ex Hartm.

166. Sphagnum warnstorfii Russ.

167. Taxiphyllum wissgrillii (Garov.) Wijk et Marg. *

168. Tetraphis pellucida Hedw.

169. Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) B. S. G.

170. Thuidium recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. *

171. Thuidium tamariscinum (Hedw.) B. S. G.

172. Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr.

173. Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid. *

174. Ulota hatchinsiae (Sm.) Hammar

175. Warnstorfia exannulata (B. S. G.) Loeske

176. Warnstorfia fluitans (Hedw.) Loeske

177. Warnstorfia prosera (Ren. et H. Arh.) Tuom. *

178. Zygodon viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid.

70

III. Ñïèñîê âèäîâ ëèøàéíèêîâChecklist of species of Lichens

Â ñïèñîê âêëþ÷åíû ëèøü òå âèäû ëèøàéíèêîâ, êîòîðûå õðàíÿòñÿ â ãåðáàðèè êàôåä-ðû áîòàíèêè ÑÏáÃÓ. Íàçâàíèÿ âèäîâ äàíû â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñî ñâîäêîé Ð. Ñàíòåññîíà(Santesson, 1993). Æèðíûì øðèôòîì âûäåëåí âèä, çàíåñåííûé â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ïðèðî-äû Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè» (2000).

The list includes only lichen species represented in the herbarium of the Chair of Botany of Saint Peters-burg University. The names are given according to Santesson (1993). The species included into the Red DataBook of Nature of the Leningrad Region (2000) is given in bold.

1. Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo. D. Hawksw.

2. Cetraria chlorophylla (Willd. in Humb.) Vain.

3. Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach.

4. Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot.

5. *Cladonia borealis S. Stenroos*

6. Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad.

7. Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd.

8. *Cladonia metacorallifera Asahina

9. Cladonia phyllophora Hoffm.

10. Cladonia pleurota (Florke) Schaer.

11. Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg.

12. Cladonia squamosa Hoffm.

13. Cladonia uncialis (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. ssp. uncialis

14. Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.

15. *Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav.

16. Lecanora carpinea (L.) Vain.

17. Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy

18. *Melanelia exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl.

19. Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach.

20. Parmelia sulcata Taylor

21. *Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold

22. Platismatia glauca (L.) W. L. Culb.. C. F. Culb.

23. Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Graewe ex Stenh.) Vezda

24. Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf

25. Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg.

26. Umbilicaria hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Hoffm.

27. Usnea hirta (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg.

28. Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. ex Rieber

71

* Çíàêîì * îòìå÷åíû âèäû, îòñóòñòâóþùèå â ñïèñêå Ì. Áðåííåðà.

IV. Ñïèñîê âèäîâ îðíèòîôàóíûChecklist of species of Birds

Ñïèñîê ñîñòàâëåí ïî íàáëþäåíèÿì È. Âÿëèêàíãàñà â 1935 ã. (I. Välikangas, 1937), ïîäàííûì ýêñïåäèöèé ÁèÍÈÈ â 1991—1995 ãã. è äàííûì 2003—2006 ã. Æèðíûì øðèô-òîì âûäåëåíû âèäû, âêëþ÷åííûå â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ïðèðîäû Ëåíèíãðàäñêîé îáëàñòè(2002).

The List is based on the data of I. Valikangas (1937), the expeditions of Biological Research Institute of1991—1995 and the data of 2003—2006. The names of species included into the Red Data Book of Nature ofthe Leningrad Region (2002) are given in bold.

Ðóññêîå è ëàòèíñêîå íàçâàíèÿ âèäà

Russian and latin name of species

Ãîäû íàáëþäåíèéYears of the observations

1935 1991-1995 2003-2004 2005-2006

1. ×åðíîçîáàÿ ãàãàðà Gavia arctica (L.) + + +

2. Êðàñíîçîáàÿ ãàãàðà G. stellata (Pontopp.) + +

3. ×îìãà P. cristatus (L.) + +

4. Áîëüøîé áàêëàí Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (L.) + + +

5. Áåëûé àèñò*

Ciconia ciconia (L.) +

6. Ëåáåäü-øèïóí Cygnus olor (Gm.) + +

7. Ëåáåäü-êëèêóí C. cygnus (L.) + +

8. Ëåáåäü ìàëûé C. bewickii Yarr. +

9. Ñåðûé ãóñü Anser anser (L.) + +

10. Áåëîëîáûé ãóñü A. albifrons (Scop.) + +

11. Áåëîùåêàÿ êàçàðêà Branta leucopsis (Bechst.) + +

12. ×åðíàÿ êàçàðêà B. bernicla (L.) +

13. Êðÿêâà Anas platyrhynchos L. + + +

14. ×èðîê-ñâèñòóíîê A. crecca L. + + +

15. Ãàãà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Somateria mollissima (L.) + + +

16. Õîõëàòàÿ ÷åðíåòü A. fuligula (L.) +

17. Òóðïàí Melanitta fusca (L.) + + +

18. Ãîãîëü Bucephala clangula (L.) + + +

19. Ñðåäíèé êðîõàëü Mergus serrator L + + +

20. Áîëüøîé êðîõàëü Mergus merganser L. +

21. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò Haliaeetus albicilla (L.) + + +

22. Áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê Aquila clanga Pall +

23. Îñîåä Pernia apivorus (L.) +

24. ßñòðåá-òåòåðåâÿòíèê Accipiter gentilis (L.) +

25. ßñòðåá ïåðåïåëÿòíèê A. nisus (L.) + + +

26. Êàíþê îáûêíîâåííûé Buteo buteo (L.) + +

27. Ìîõíîíîãèé êàíþê B. lagopus (Pontopp.) +

28. ×åãëîê Falco subbuteo (L.) + + + +

72

* Ïî äàííûì ñîòðóäíèêîâ ìàÿ÷íîé è ïîãðàíè÷íîé ñëóæá.

29. Ñàïñàí F. peregrinus Tunst. + + +

30. Ãëóõàðü Tetrao urogallus L. +

31. Òåòåðåâ Lyrurus tetrix (L.) +

32. Ñåðûé æóðàâëü Grus grus (L.) + +

33. Êîðîñòåëü Crex crex (L.) + + +

34. Ãàëñòó÷íèê Charadrius hiaticula L. + +

35. ×èáèñ Vanellus vanellus (L.) +

36. Êóëèê-ñîðîêà Haematopus ostralegus L + + +

37. ×åðíûø Tringa ochropus L + +

38. Áîëüøîé óëèò T. nebularia (Gunn.) + + + +

39. Òðàâíèê T. totanus L. +

40. Ïåðåâîç÷èê Actitis hypoleucos (L.) + + + +

41. Êàìíåøàðêà Arenaria interpres (L.) +

42. Âàëüäøíåï Scolopax rusticola L + + + +

43. Ãàðøíåï Lymnocryptes minimus (Brunn.) +

44. Êîðîòêîõâîñòûé ïîìîðíèê Stercorarius parasiticus (L.) +

45. Ñèçàÿ ÷àéêà Larus canus L. + + +

46. Ñåðåáðèñòàÿ ÷àéêà L. argentatus Pontopp. + + +

47. Êëóøà L. fuscus L. + + +

48. Ìîðñêàÿ ÷àéêà +

49. Îçåðíàÿ ÷àéêà L. ridibundus L. + + +

50. Îáûêíîâåííàÿ êðà÷êà Sterna hirundo L. + +

51. Ïîëÿðíàÿ êðà÷êà S. paradisaea Pontopp. + +

52. Ãàãàðêà Alca torda L. +

53. Âÿõèðü Columba palumbus L + + +

54. Êëèíòóõ C. oenas L. +

55. Êóêóøêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Cuculus canorus L. + + + +

56. Ïîëÿðíàÿ ñîâà Nyctea scandica (L.)3

* +

57. Êîçîäîé Caprimulgus europaeus L. + + + +

58. Ñòðèæ ÷åðíûé Apus apus (L.) + + + +

59. Âåðòèøåéêà Jynx torquilla (L.) +

60. Æåëíà Dryocopus martius (L.) +

61. Áîëüøîé ïåñòðûé äÿòåë Dendrocopos major (L.) + + + +

62. Áåëîñïèííûé äÿòåë D. leucotos (Salvad.) + + +

63. Òðåõïàëûé äÿòåë Picoides tridactylus (L.) + +

64. Ïîëåâîé æàâîðîíîê Alauda arvensis L + + +

65. Ëàñòî÷êà-êàñàòêà Hirundo rustica L + + + +

66. Ëàñòî÷êà ãîðîäñêàÿ Delichon urbica (L.)

67. Æåëòàÿ òðÿñîãóçêà Motacilla flava L. + +

68. Áåëàÿ òðÿñîãóçêà M. alba L. + + + +

73




1935 1991-1995 2003-2004 2005-2006

69. Ëåñíîé êîíåê Anthus trivialis (L.) + + + +

70. Ëóãîâîé êîíåê A. pratensis (L.) + + +

71. Ñêàëüíûé êîíåê A. petrosus L. +

72. Æóëàí Lanius collurio L. + + +

73. Êðàïèâíèê Troglodytes troglodytes (L.) + + + +

74. Ëåñíàÿ çàâèðóøêà Prunella modularis (L.) + + +

75. Çàðÿíêà Erithacus rubecula (L.) + + + +

76. Ñîëîâåé Luscinia luscinia (L.) + +

77. Ãîðèõâîñòêà Phoenicurus phoenicurus (L.) + + +

78. Ëóãîâîé ÷åêàí Saxicola rubetra (L.) + + +

79. Êàìåíêà îáûêíîâåííàÿ Oenanthe oenanthe (L.) + + + +

80. ×åðíûé äðîçä Turdus merula L. + + +

81. Äðîçä-ðÿáèííèê T. pilaris L + + + +

82. Äðîçä-áåëîáðîâèê T. iliacus L. + + +

83. Ïåâ÷èé äðîçä T. philomelos Brehm + + + +

84. Äðîçä-äåðÿáà T. viscivorus L. +

85. Ñàäîâàÿ êàìûøåâêà Acrocephalus dumetorum (Blyh) +

86. Áîëîòíàÿ êàìûøåâêà A. palustris (Bechst.) + + +

87. Îáûêíîâåííûé ñâåð÷îê Locustella naevia (Bodd.) +

88. Ñàäîâàÿ ñëàâêà Sylvia borin (Bodd.) + + + +

89. Ñëàâêà-÷åðíîãîëîâêà S. atricapilla (L.) + + +

90. Ñåðàÿ ñëàâêà S. communis Lath. + + + +

91. Ïåðåñìåøêà Hippolais icterina (Vieill.) + +

92. Ïåíî÷êà-âåñíè÷êà Phylloscopus trochilus (L.) + + + +

93. Ïåíî÷êà-òåíüêîâêà Ph. collybita (Vieill.) + + + +

94. Ïåíî÷êà-òðåùîòêà Ph. sibilatrix (Bechst.) + + + +

95. Çåëåíàÿ ïåíî÷êà Ph. trochiloides (Sund.) + + + +

96. Æåëòîãîëîâûé êîðîëåê Regulus regulus (L.) + + + +

97. Ñåðàÿ ìóõîëîâêà Muscicapa striata (Pall.) + + + +

98. Ìóõîëîâêà-ïåñòðóøêà Ficedula hypoleuca (Pall.) + + +

99. Ìàëàÿ ìóõîëîâêà F. parva Bechst. +

100. Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ ñèíèöà Aegithalos caudatus L. + +

101. Ïóõëÿê Parus montanus Bald. + + + +

102. Áîëîòíàÿ ãàè÷êà P. palustris L. +

103. Ìîñêîâêà P. ater (L.) +

104. Áîëüøàÿ ñèíèöà P. major L. + + + +

105. Ëàçîðåâêà P. caeruleus L. + +

106. Ïèùóõà Certhia familiaris L + + + +

107. Îáûêíîâåííàÿ îâñÿíêà Emberiza citrinella L. + + +

108. Ñàäîâàÿ îâñÿíêà E. hortulana L +

74




1935 1991-1995 2003-2004 2005-2006

109. Êàìûøîâàÿ îâñÿíêà E. schoeniclus (L.) + +

110. Çÿáëèê Fringilla coelebs L + + + +

111. Þðîê F. montifringilla L. + +

112. Çåëåíóøêà Chloris chloris (L.) + +

113. ×èæ Spinus spinus (L.) + + + +

114. ×å÷åâèöà Carpodacus erythrinus (Pall.) + + + +

115. Êëåñò-åëîâèê Loxia curvirostra L + + + +

116. Ñíåãèðü Pyrrhula pyrrhula (L.) + + + +

117. Äîìîâûé âîðîáåé Passer domesticus (L.) + + +

118. Ïîëåâîé âîðîáåé P. montanus L.

119. Ñêâîðåö Sturnus vulgaris L. + + + +

120. Èâîëãà Oriolus oriolus (L.) + +

121. Ñîéêà Garrulus glandarius (L.) +

122. Êóêøà Perisoreus infaustus (L.) +

123. Êåäðîâêà Nucifraga caryocatactes L. +

124. Ñîðîêà Pica pica (L.) + + + +

125. Ñåðàÿ âîðîíà Corvus cornix L. + + + +

126. Âîðîí C. corax L + + + +




1935 1991-1995 2003-2004 2005-2006

Îñòðîâ Ãîãëàíä. Ðåçóëüòàòû îáñëåäîâàíèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ.

Gogland Island. Results of the survey of the natural complexes.

Î77Îñòðîâ Ãîãëàíä. Ðåçóëüòàòû îáñëåäîâàíèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ / Ïîä ðåä. Ãàãèí-

ñêîé À. Ð., Íîñêîâà Ã. À. — ÑÏá.: Òóñêàðîðà, 2006. — 76 ñ. Èëë. 18ISBN 5-89977-135-6

ÓÄÊ / UDC — 504. 2: 574. 34: 598. 41ÁÁÊ 28.088

Êíèãà ïîñâÿùåíà îïèñàíèþ ïðèðîäíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ ñàìîãî êðóïíîãî îñòðîâà â ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè Ôèí-ñêîãî çàëèâà — Ãîãëàíäà. Îíà ñîäåðæèò ñâåäåíèÿ îá èñòîðèè îñòðîâà, îñîáåííîñòÿõ åãî ãåîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñòðî-åíèÿ, ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè è ôàóíû. Ïðèâåäåíû ïîëíûå ñïèñêè îòìå÷åííûõ íà îñòðîâå âèäîâ ñîñóäèñòûõ ðàñòå-íèé, ëèñòîñòåáåëüíûõ ìõîâ, ëèøàéíèêîâ, íàñåêîìûõ, íàçåìíûõ ïîçâîíî÷íûõ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå àíàëèçà ñî-áðàííûõ äàííûõ îïðåäåëåíû èñòîðèêî-êóëüòóðíûå è ïðèðîäíûå îáúåêòû, çàñëóæèâàþùèå ñïåöèàëüíîé îõ-ðàíû, è îáîñíîâàíà öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòü îðãàíèçàöèè íà îñòðîâå äâóõ îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé —êîìïëåêñíîãî çàêàçíèêà «Ñóóð-Ñààðè» è áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ïàìÿòíèêà ïðèðîäû «Ïîõú¸éñêîðêèà». Èõ ñîçäàíèåïîçâîëèò ñîõðàíèòü óíèêàëüíóþ ïðèðîäó Ãîãëàíäà â óñëîâèÿõ âîçðàñòàþùèõ õîçÿéñòâåííûõ è ðåêðåàöèîí-íûõ íàãðóçîê.

Gogland Island. Results of the survey of the natural complexes.A. R. Gaginskaya, G. A. Noskov (Eds). St Petersburg. 2007.

The volume describes the natural complexes of the largest island in the Russian Gulf of Finland — the Gogland Island. It tellsabout the history of the island, about specific characteristics of its geological structure, vegetation and fauna. Full checklists of thespecies of vascular plants, mosses, lichens, insects, terrestrial animals recorded from the island are provided. Drawing upon the analy-sis of the data collected the historical, cultural and natural objects deserving special conservation were identified, and the expediencyof organizing two protected areas in the island — the Suursaari complex sanctuary and the Pohjoiskorkia botanical nature monu-ment — was substantiated. These designations will secure preservation of Gogland’s unique nature under the growing pressure ofeconomic and recreational impacts.

ÎÎÎ «Èçäàòåëüñòâî «Òóñêàðîðà»Òåë./ôàêñ (812) 316-40-52, e-mail: [email protected]

Îòïå÷àòàíî â ÎÎÎ «À è Á», òèðàæ 150 ýêç.

Антипин М.А., Гагинская А.Р. 2006. Птицы. Остров Гогланд....

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