Alternate Namesof Places

ALSO BY ADRIAN ROOM

AND FROM MCFARLAND

African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces and Countries, 2d ed. (2008)

The Pronunciation of Placenames: A Worldwide Dictionary (2007)

Nicknames of Places: Origins and Meanings of the Alternate and Secondary Names, Sobriquets, Titles, Epithets and Slogans for 4600 Places Worldwide (2006)

Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites, 2d ed. (2006)

Dictionary of Pseudonyms: ¡¡,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins, 4th ed. (2004)

Placenames of France: Over 4,000 Towns, Villages, Natural Features, Regions and Departments (2004; paperback 2009)

Encyclopedia of Corporate Names Worldwide (2002; paperback 2008)

A Dictionary of Art Titles: The Origins of the Names and Titles of 3,000 Works of Art (2000; paperback 2008)

A Dictionary of Music Titles: The Origins of the Names and Titles of 3,500 Musical Compositions (2000; paperback 2008)

Literally Entitled: A Dictionary of the Origins of the Titles of Over ¡,300 Major Literary Works

of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (¡996; paperback 2009)

Placenames of Russia and the Former Soviet Union: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 2,000

Natural Features, Towns, Regions and Countries (¡996)

The Naming of Animals: An Appellative Reference to Domestic, Work and Show Animals Real and Fictional (¡993)

Corporate Eponymy: A Biographical Dictionary of the Persons Behind the Names of Major American, British, European and Asian Businesses (¡992)

Alternate Namesof Places

A Worldwide Dictionary

ADRIAN ROOM

McFarland & Company, Inc., PublishersJefferson, North Carolina, and London

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

Room, Adrian.Alternate names of places : a worldwide dictionary / Adrian Room.

p. cm.Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-0-7864-3712-2

softcover : 50# alkaline paper

1. Gazetteers. I. Title.G105.R648 2009 910.3—dc22 2009017992

British Library cataloguing data are available

©2009 Adrian Room. All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopyingor recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,

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Manufactured in the United States of America

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Contents

Introduction

1

The Placenames7

Appendix I:

Names of Places in Non-English Languages

235

Appendix II:

Fictional Names of Places

246

Select Bibliography

255

v

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This new type of geographical diction-

ary lists the alternate names, current and his-

torical, by which over 7,000 places in the

world are or have been known. (The actual

number of alternate names is nearer 9,000,

since many places have or had more than one

such name.)

For the purposes of this record, an alter-

nate name is one that bears or bore an official

or at least a semiofficial status, rather than

being simply a nickname or a colloquial abbre-

viation.

An alternate name may be a respelling, as

when a name is restored to a correct form from

a corrupt original, or it may even be in a com-

pletely different language, as when one coun-

try is occupied or conquered by another, a fate

that historically befell many European states.

Not all name changes are the result of

hostilities. Sometimes settlers in virgin terri-

tory find it hard to decide on a suitable name

for their place of settlement. There are thus

places in the United States that have under-

gone more than one change of name, such as

Glen Ellyn, Illinois, which finally arrived at its

present name after a run of six successive ear-

lier names.

The choice of a new name for a place

may be politically motivated, as the hundreds

of towns and villages renamed in the former

Soviet Union. Here two birds were often killed

with one stone, since an undesirable or polit-

ically incorrect name could be abolished and

replaced with a new politically correct one,

which often as not bore no relationship to the

earlier name. In some cases, a new name was

not even associated with the place in question.

Many Soviet places were simply given a gen-

erally Communist name, typically with the el-

ement Krasno-, “red,” to reflect the new

regime, while others were renamed for Lenin

or Stalin without any local connection with

these leaders. Some such renamings remain on

the map today, almost 20 years after the demise

of the Soviet state.

Ideological renaming of this kind was not

confined to the USSR, and some towns else-

where in the Socialist bloc took on new names,

such as Hungary’s Dunaújváros, which for a

decade was Sztálinváros, or the former East

Germany’s Chemnitz, which for almost forty

years was on the map as Karl-Marx-Stadt.

There were few such renamings in Poland, a

country recast with German placenames dur-

ing World War II, but from 1946 to 1992 the

city of Podgorica in the former Yugoslavia hon-

ored the republic’s first president as Titograd.

In countries of central and eastern Eu-

rope such as these, a new name was often

based on a previous name, which was either

adapted to the succeeding new language or

where possible translated into it. Thus the Slo-

vakian town of Nové Mesto nad Váhom, with

a name meaning “new town on the Váh,” for

the river on which it lies, was earlier known

by the Hungarian name Vágújhely and Ger-

man name Waag-Neustadt, with “new town”

translated into the superseding language and

the form of the river name accommodated to

it.

Many places around the world have roots

that go deep into history, with an original

1

Introduction

name in a now extinct language. Names of

biblical origin are often of this type, as are the

numerous places in the Roman Empire with

Latin names. Such names, marked “Roman” in

the present book rather than “Latin,” in turn

are often of earlier origin, dating back several

centuries BC to a defunct language such as an-

cient Greek or Phoenician. The Roman names

of places in France are thus often Gallo-

Roman, and based on Gaulish, a Celtic lan-

guage.

In countries with a colonial heritage there

can be a complete change of language, with a

native name replaced by a European one, itself

in more recent times either reverting to its in-

digenous original or assuming a new native

form. Not many European names remain

today on the map of Africa, although English

names are still a significant presence in coun-

tries such as Australia and New Zealand, de-

spite the prevalence of native names, here re-

spectively Aboriginal and Maori. An

analogous situation exists in the United States

and Canada, where names of European origin

in languages such as English, French, and

Spanish remain widespread on the map

amongst the numerous Indian names. In

South America, and especially Latin America,

Spanish and Portuguese names are visibly in

evidence today as replacements for historical

Indian names. It goes without saying, of

course, that not all European placenames in

countries with a colonial past are substitutions

for native names, as a good number of such

names are those of newly-founded settle-

ments.

In many countries today more than one

language is spoken, so that places officially

bear two names. Thus, places in Belgium often

bear both French and Flemish names, while

places in Ireland are known by an English

name and an Irish and places in Wales by an

English name and a Welsh. In Belgium, the

official form of the name is usually French in

the south and Flemish in the north and east,

while in Ireland the Irish and English names

exist in tandem, but with English usually

being the official form. (Irish equivalents for

names in Northern Ireland exist but are gen-

erally not official. They are included in the

dictionary, however. In this respect, care is

needed in differentiating between “northern

Ireland,” in the Irish Republic, and “Northern

Ireland,” as part of the United Kingdom.) In

Wales, English still mostly predominates, but

the Welsh names are invariably used in Welsh-

language texts, as in the media and official leg-

islation. Most places in Scotland have equiv-

alent Gaelic names (listed in Edward Dwelly’s

Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary) but in

regular use retain the English forms of their

names. An exception is the Gaelic-speaking

Western Isles, where the town of Stornoway

now officially appears on maps in its Gaelic

guise of Steornabagh, as do most villages and

natural features, including the islands them-

selves. (Many of these names are not actually

Gaelic in origin but Scandinavian, so that the

Gaelic form is simply a respelling. Stornoway

itself is one such.)

In the Basque Country of northern Spain

and southwestern France, places are now often

known by their Basque names in addition to,

or instead of, their respective Spanish or

French names. A similar situation applies in

Brittany, northwestern France, where Breton

names are often bracketed with their French

equivalents, while in Catalonia, northeastern

Spain, Catalan names are now regularly given

pride of place on the map, in acknowledgment

of the region’s status as an autonomous com-

munity. In Switzerland some places have as

many as four different forms of name in each

of the country’s official languages, French,

German, Italian, and Romansh, this last being

the local language.

For the purposes of this dictionary, alter-

nate current names are often not simply vari-

ant spellings but distinctively different. Thus,

the name of La Guajira, a department of

northeastern Colombia, is also spelled La Goa-

jira and La Goagira, but these are basically one

Introduction 2

and the same name, not significant alternates.

The same goes for names that are essentially a

shorter version of an original much longer

name. In such cases the present name is ex-

actly the same as the main part of the histor-

ical name, so is not a true alternate. Many co-

lonial Spanish and Portuguese names in the

Americas began life as an impressive religious

dedication, incorporating a saint’s name, but

today only the basic name or word remains.

Such are Argentina’s San Pedro de Jujuy, now

usually San Pedro, Uruguay’s Santo Domingo de

Soriano, now Soriano, and Brazil’s São Miguel

de Jucurutu, now normally Jucurutu. Names

of this type are generally absent from the dic-

tionary. But where an earlier lengthy name has

now been superseded by a different shorter

one, they duly feature. Brazil’s Santo Antônio

de Leverger has a name previously shortened

to Leverger and before that Santo Antônio, but

it originated as Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo. Its

name has thus changed and is therefore in-

cluded. Where a well-known name in one of

these two languages has an interesting origin,

however, it is generally included. A famous

example is California’s Los Angeles, which

began life as El Pueblo de la Reyna de Los An-

geles on a river that the Spanish christened Por-

ciúncula in honor of Nuestra Señora la Reyna de

los Angeles de Porciúncula, “Our Lady the

Queen of Angels of the Little Portion.” Today

the city’s name has reduced even further to a

colloquial LA.

A broad range of places have abandoned

a colonial name in favor of an indigenous one,

from towns and cities in Africa, such as

Harare, formerly Salisbury, and Lubumbashi,

formerly Élisabethville, to South Pacific islands

such as Fatu Hiva, formerly Magdalena Island,

and Nanumanga, formerly Hudson Island. In

such cases, however official and publicly pro-

moted the name change, the old name often

continues in general use alongside the new. If

the inhabitants of a place, or those familiar

with it, have long known it by a particular

name which is then replaced by another, a sit-

uation is created in which alternate names be-

come current, sometimes for years, and cer-

tainly long enough to feature on maps and in

gazetteers, even if the old name is regarded as

secondary and is printed in parenthesis. Some

atlases retain the old name for the physical or

geographic map of a region, giving the new

name in the political map. Thus, Philip’s Great

World Atlas (see Select Bibliography, p. 255)

shows the location of the New Hebrides in its

physical map of Australia and Oceania, but

names the island republic Vanuatu in the cor-

responding political map.

The traditional English spelling of well-

known names also persists in general use, even

in the media and works of reference. Thus,

The Times Style and Usage Guide, published in

2003, recommends such spellings as Dunkirk,

Gothenburg, and Lyons, as well as the conven-

tionally accepted Brussels, Cologne, and Venice,

while the 11th edition of The Chambers Dic-

tionary, published as recently as 2008, de-

scribed the World War I Western Front as a

belt of land running from the Belgian coast

“through Rheims to Verdun.” Not surpris-

ingly, the anomalous situation forms a recur-

ring topic of discussion in the press.

Entries in the dictionary give the current

name, location, and description of the place

followed by its one or more present or past al-

ternate names, preceded by qualifying words

such as “formerly,” “conventional,” “origi-

nally,” and in the case of former names by a

date, where known, of the relevant name

change. Names beginning with a numeral are

located alphabetically as if the numeral were

spelled out in the language concerned. Thus,

26 Bakinskikh Kommunarov, imeni is located

between Duzkend and Dvigatel’stroy since the

numeral represents Russian dvadtsat’ shest’,

“twenty-six.” The same applied to names con-

taining a numeral other than as the first word.

Thus, Pio IX is located between Pionersky and

Piotrków Trybunalski, since the (Roman) nu-

meral represents Portuguese nono, “ninth.”

The geographical location of a place is

3 Introduction

usually given as a “compass” indication in the

country concerned, as “eastern France,”

“northwestern Turkey,” “southern Russia.” In

extensive English-speaking countries such as

the United States, Canada, and Australia, the

place is additionally located by state, province,

or other administrative region. It should be

noted that the “compass” indication is that of

the place in the country, rather than that of

the administrative region, although the two

may coincide. For example, Cambridge Bay is

in northern Canada in the territory of

Nunavut, while Cape Dorset, also in Nunavut,

is in northeastern Canada. The disparity oc-

curs because Nunavut itself is a large region.

Where the named region is smaller, as one of

the northeastern states of the USA, the geo-

graphical location will tally with that of the

place within the country as a whole. Thus

Lackawanna, in the northeastern state of New

York, is in the northeast of the United States,

but San Diego, in the western state of Califor-

nia, the third-largest state in the country, is

more precisely in the southwest of the United

States rather than simply in the west of the

country.

In cases where places of identical name

are located in the same geographical section

of a country and are not otherwise distin-

guished by administrative region, a more exact

pin-pointing is given by means of “near” and

the name of a local town or city. This typi-

cally occurs in Russia, where for example there

are two places Donskoye in the western part of

the country, one near Kaliningrad, the other

near Lipetsk. (Administrative regions are not

given in non–English-speaking countries, even

in extensive lands such as Russia, as these may

be of little significance to the general English-

speaking reader, who in this particular case

would need to “place” the oblasti of Kalin-

ingrad and Lipetsk, named for their respec-

tive capitals.) It should be observed that for-

mer names in eastern Russia identified as

Japanese are almost exclusively in the southern

half of the Kamchatka peninsula and the

southern Kuril Islands, territory which passed

to Japan following the Russo-Japanese War of

1904–05.

Where the name includes a generic term

such as “Islands” or “Mt.” this is not repeated

in the description, so that for example Bonin

Islands and McKinley, Mt. simply have their

respective locations (“western Pacific,” “Alaska,

northwestern United States”). The designa-

tions “village,” “town,” and “city” do not de-

note official status but define a place in terms

of approximate size of population, so that “vil-

lage” denotes a small community with under

3,000 residents, “town” a larger settlement

with up to 20,000 inhabitants, and “city” a

center with a population greater than this.

Similarly, status titles such as “capital” or “cen-

ter of government” are not used, although

countries that are republics are designated as

such.

In the main part of the entry, a date pre-

ceded by the word “to” indicates either that

an original name was current up to or through

that date or else that the name was in use over

an unspecified period some time before the

stated year. It should be noticed that the dates

run in reverse chronological order, with the most

recent former name given first and the earliest

last. Thus Dearborn, Michigan, was formerly

known as Dearbornville; then before that

Pekin; then before that Bucklin; and ultimately,

as its original name, Ten Eyck. Where a name

was current over two separate historical peri-

ods, however, the dates run chronologically.

Thus, Beijing (formerly Peking) was known as

Peiping from 1368 to 1403 and again from 1928

to 1949, and these two periods are given in

normal sequence. In a few cases, where a name

switches more than once from one language

to another, the recurring name is repeated for

sake of clarity. Thus, the city of Cahul in

Moldova, known when in the Soviet Union

by the Russian name Kagul, bore its present

Romanian name from 1919 to 1940, its Russian

name before that from 1878 to 1918, its Ro-

manian name before that from 1856 to 1878,

Introduction 4

and its Russian name before that from 1812 to

1856. The entry thus reads: 1919–1940 Ro-

manian Cahul, 1878–1918 Russian Kagul,

1868–1878 Romanian Cahul, 1812–1856 Rus-

sian Kagul.

The dates themselves are frequently a

significant pointer to historical events, espe-

cially in Europe. Thus, 1809 was the year

when Sweden ceded Finland to Russia, result-

ing in wholesale renaming, while the recur-

ring date 1878 marks the Congress of Berlin at

the end of the Russo-Turkish War, following

an era during which the declining Ottoman

Empire fought a series of wars with Poland,

Austria, and Russia. That year saw the estab-

lishment of Bulgaria as an autonomous prin-

cipality and the beginning of that country’s

abandonment of the Turkish placenames that

had hitherto existed. The wholesale bulgar-

ization of such names, however, did not take

place until 1934, following the installation of

Kimon Georgiev as prime minister and the

“national restoration” policy of his dictatorial

regime.

Dates relating to World War I (1914–18)

and World War II (1939–45) usually involve

the invasion and occupation of one country

by another or, conversely, a peace treaty end-

ing hostilities and establishing a new territo-

rial order. Poland, for example, was occupied

by Germany in both world wars and invaded

by Soviet armies during the latter. The lan-

guage names “German,” “Polish,” and “Rus-

sian,” among others, appear regularly over this

period.

As stated, not all new names were cre-

ated as a result of war or oppressive hegemony,

and in several instances a renaming marked

the achievement of autonomy. Greenland, still

today an integral part of the Danish realm,

changed most of its names from Danish to

Greenlandic when the island was granted

home rule in 1979, and many of the towns and

cities in northeastern South Africa abandoned

their Afrikaans or English names in favor of

African ones from the 1990s. In northern

Canada, English names were largely replaced

by Inuit (Eskimo) ones following the creation

of the territory of Nunavut in 1999 from the

eastern region of the Northwest Territories. In

eastern Europe and central Asia new names

appeared in most of the former Soviet re-

publics as they celebrated independence in or

soon after 1991, the year that brought the col-

lapse of the Soviet Union as a whole.

Placenames in the USSR usually became

known to the world in their Russian forms,

even where the local language was not even

Slavonic. In such cases, the Russian forms are

given in round brackets (parentheses). Names

in a local language differing from the accepted

English form of the name are by contrast given

in square brackets. Thus the country called by

the English Latvia is known to the Latvians as

Latvija (in square brackets), was known to the

Russians when in the Soviet Union as Latviya

(in round brackets), and when under German

rule was named Lettland (unbracketed). For-

mer Russian names are mostly given for places

in countries speaking a language closely allied

to Russian, as particularly Ukraine and Be-

larus. In these countries there may thus be lit-

tle difference between the names in the respec-

tive languages, and they will require careful

distinction.

As a matter of linguistic precision, it

should be noted that an apostrophe in a Rus-

sian name represents a soft sign, a character

(denoting palatalization of the preceding con-

sonant) often omitted in transcription. But in

Ukrainian and Belorussian the apostrophe is an

integral part of the orthography, and should

properly never be omitted. In the present

book, the apostrophe thus appears in names in

all three languages.

A special situation applies to alternate

placenames in China, where names have two

forms. The traditional way of romanizing Chi-

nese names is the so-called Wade-Giles sys-

tem, devised in the mid–19th century by two

British scholars, Thomas Wade and Herbert

Giles. Distinguished by its use of hyphens and

5 Introduction

apostrophes, the latter denoting aspiration in

consonants, it produced such names as Hei-

lung-chiang, Liao-ning, Nan-ch’ang, and Ch’ing-

hai. This contrasts with the prevalent Pinyin

(literally, “spell sound”) system, adopted from

1956 and now officially prescribed for English-

speaking countries. Examples of Pinyin names

with their Wade-Giles equivalents are Chang-

zhi (Ch’ang-chih), Guiyang (Kuei-yang), Nan-

tong (Nan-t’ung), and Xiantan (Hsiang-t’an).

The name for China itself is Zhongguo or

Zhonghua in Pinyin, Chung-kuo or Chung-hua

in Wade-Giles. The present book uses Pinyin,

but for its particular purpose does not treat

the two forms of names as alternates. Such

pairs could alone make up a gazetteer of their

own. This does not mean that Chinese names

are altogether excluded, since some have tra-

ditional English forms (as Nanking for Nan-

jung) and others, as elsewhere, have historical

forms (as Nanning, formerly Yongning).

Several entries have appended comments.

The purpose of such additions is either to pro-

vide information regarding the circumstances

of a name change or to explain the origin or

meaning of a name where this is relevant to

such a change. Sometimes an important event

such as a battle or treaty has resulted in the

historical survival of an earlier name, and in

such cases the key facts are provided. The bat-

tle of Eylau in the Napoleonic Wars was thus

waged near the Russian village now known as

Bagrationovsk, and that of Königgrätz, in the

Austro-Prussian War, around the Czech town

now named Hradec Králové.

A key feature of the dictionary is the

cross-references. These necessarily outnum-

ber the main entries, since as stated some

places have more than one present or past al-

ternate name. Names mentioned in an entry’s

appended comment are also cross-referenced.

Since language plays a significant role in

alternate names, Appendix I, p. 235, lists a se-

lection of names of well-known places in lan-

guages other than English, if only because

modern atlases, maps, and gazetteers give pref-

erence to the local name of a place, rather than

its traditional English form. As explained in

the preamble to this Appendix, the languages

chosen for this purpose belong to different lin-

guistic families.

Appendix II, p. 246, is devoted to a spe-

cial category of alternate names, as a selection

of fictional names of places, meaning not

fictional places, but real places known in liter-

ature by fictional names. The names of the au-

thors in whose work or works these names ap-

pear are also given. In a few noteworthy cases,

a place has officially adopted its fictional name,

either by a name change or by adding the lit-

erary name to its real name. Thus Oliver

Goldsmith’s “Sweet Auburn! loveliest village

of the plain” gave not only the name of the

village in Ireland but also the names of several

Auburns in the United States. In France, the

town of Illiers added Combray, Marcel Proust’s

name for it, to become Illiers-Combray.

The Select Bibliography that closes the

dictionary (p. 255) lists works directly related

to alternate placenames, from discursive stud-

ies to modern and historical gazetteers and at-

lases.

Stamford, Lincolnshire, England

Summer 2009

Introduction 6

Aabenraa see ÅbenråAachen (city, western Germany) : formerly

French Aix-la-Chapelle; Roman Aquae Grani;alternate Roman Aquisgranum (The Frenchname is associated with the treaties of 1668,ending the War of Devolution, and of 1748,ending the War of Succession. In 1818 the cityhosted the Conference of the Holy Alliance, orCongress of Aix-la-Chapelle.)

Aalborg see ÅlborgAalst (city, west central Belgium) : French AlostAargau (canton, northern Switzerland) : French

ArgovieAarhus see ÅrhusAarlen see ArlonAasiaat (town, western Greenland) : formerly

Danish EgedesmindeAat see AthAbakan (town, southern Russia) : 1925–1931

Khakassk; to 1925 Ust’-AbakanskoyeAbakanskoye see KrasnoturanskAbakansko-Zavodskoye see AbazaAbakumova see Dzhansugurov1Abay (city, east central Kazakhstan) : to 1961

Churubay-Nura2Abay (town, southern Kazakhstan) : formerly

Abay-BazarAbay see KaraulAbaya, Lake (southern Ethiopia) : formerly Ital-

ian Lake MargheritaAbay-Bazar see 2AbayAbaza (town, southern Russia) : formerly

Abakansko-Zavodskoye (The present name is an abbreviated form of the lengthy original,comprising the initial syllables of its twoparts.)

Abbatis Villa see 1AbbevilleAbbazia see Opatija1Abbeville (town, northern France) : Roman Ab-

batis Villa2Abbeville (town, Louisiana, southern United

States) : originally La Chapelle

Abbeyleix (town, east central Ireland) : IrishMainistir Laoise

Abdalyar see LachinAbdera see AdraAbegweit see Prince Edward IslandAbellinum see AvellinoAbemama (atoll, western Kiribati) : formerly

Roger Simpson IslandÅbenrå (city, southern Denmark) : alternate

Aabenraa; 1864–1920 German ApenradeAberafan see AberavonAberavon (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Aber-

afan (The village is now a district of Port Tal-bot.)

Aberbrothock see ArbroathAbercorn see (1) Mbala; (2) ShamvaAberdâr see AberdareAberdare (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Ab-

erdârAberdaugleddau see Milford HavenAberdovey (town, western Wales) : Welsh Ab-

erdyfiAberdyfi see AberdoveyAbergavenny (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Y Fenni; Roman GobanniumAbergwaun see FishguardAberhonddu see BreconAbermo see BarmouthAberpennar see Mountain AshAbertawe see SwanseaAberteifi see CardiganAbilene (town, Kansas, central United States) :

to c.1860 Mud CreekAbingdon Island see Pinta, IslaAbleman see Rock SpringsÅbo see TurkuAbona see (1) Avon; (2) Sea MillsAbovyan (town, central Armenia) : to 1963 ElarAbrene see PytalovoAbu Simbel (village, southern Egypt) : alternate

Abu SunbulAbu Sunbul see Abu Simbel

7

T H E D I C T I O N A RY

Abyssinia see EthiopiaAcadia (historic territory, eastern North Amer-

ica) : 1604–1713 French Acadie (Acadia wascentered on Nova Scotia, Canada, but also in-cluded New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island,and a coastal area extending as far south asMaine, USA.)

Acadie see AcadiaAcate (village, southern Italy) : to c.1937 BiscariAccadînlar see DulovoAccho see AcreAcelum see AsoloAcerra (town, southern Italy) : Roman AcerraeAcerrae see AcerraAchadh an Iúir see VirginiaAchadh na Gréine see 3AuburnAchelous (river, central Greece) : alternate an-

cient Greek AspropotamosAchkhoy-Martan (village, southwestern Russia)

: 1944–c.1965 Novosel’skoyeAçores see AzoresA Coruña see La CoruñaAcquackanonk see PassaicAcqui Terme (town, northwestern Italy) :

Roman Aquae StatiellaeAcraephnium see KarditsaAcre (city, northern Israel) : [Hebrew ‘Akko]; for-

merly French St.-Jean d’Acre; ancient Greekand biblical (New Testament) Ptolemais; earlierbiblical (Old Testament) Accho (The city’sname is associated with several historic siegesincluding the unsuccessful French one of1799.)

Acunum see MontélimarAdams (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1778 East HoosuckAdam’s Peak (mountain, south central Sri

Lanka) : Singhalese SamanalaAdana see AdenAd Dakhla see DakhlaAd Daw∏ah see DohaAd Dijlah see TigrisAdélie Coast (region, eastern Antarctica) : alter-

nate Adélie LandAdélie Land see Adélie CoastAdelnau see OdolanówAdelphi see Arkansas CityAdelsberg see PostojnaAden (city, southern Yemen) : Roman Adana

(Some biblical scholars have identified theEden of Ezekiel 27:23 with Aden.)

Adernò see AdranoAdîncata see HlybokaAdqyaman (city, southeastern Turkey) : to 1926

HüsnümansurAdra (town, southeastern Spain) : Roman Abdera

Adramyttium see EdremitAdrano (town, southern Italy) : to 1929 Adernò;

Roman HadranumAdria (town, northeastern Italy) : Roman AtriaAdria see Adriatic SeaAdrianople see EdirneAdrianopolis see EdirneAdrianoupolis see EdirneAdriatic Sea (southern Europe) : Roman Adria;

alternate Roman Mare AdriaticumAdygeysk (town, southwestern Russia) :

1976–1992 TeuchezhskAdzhibakul see QazimImmIdAegidia see KoperAegium see AíyionAegyptus see EgyptAelana see AqabaAelia Capitolina see JerusalemAemilianum see MillauAemilian Way see ViaAeminium see CoimbraAenaria see IschiaAenona see NinAenos see EnezAeoliae Insulae see Lipari IslandsAeolian Islands see Lipari IslandsAesernia see IserniaAesis see JesiAethalia see ElbaAfars and Issas see DjiboutiAffreville see Khemis MilianaAfonso Pena see Conceição do AlmeidaAgadès see AgadezAgadez (city, west central Niger) : formerly

French AgadèsAgatha see AgdeAgawam see IpswichAgbulakh see Tetri-TskaroAgde (town, southern France) : ancient Greek

AgathaAgedincum see SensAgen (town, southwestern France) : Roman

AginnumAgincourt (village, northern France) : French

Azincourt (The English name is associatedwith the battle of 1415 in which the Englishwon a famous victory over the French.)

Aginnum see AgenAgnetendorf see JagniRtkówAgosta see 1AugustaAgra and Oudh, United Provinces of see Uttar

PradeshAgram see ZagrebAgrq Dagq see AraratAgrigento (town, southern Italy) : to 1927 Gir-

genti; Roman Agrigentum

Abyssinia 8

Agrigentum see AgrigentoAgrínion (town, west central Greece) : formerly

VrakhóriAgua Caliente see Palm SpringsAguaí (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Cas-

cavelAgüecha see AhuachapánAgylla see CerveteriAhaggar (mountains, southern Algeria) : alter-

nate conventional HoggarAhfir (town, northeastern Morocco) : to c.1959

Martimprey-du-KissAhmadabad (city, northwestern India) : alternate

AhmedabadAhmadnagar (city, west central India) : alternate

AhmednagarAhmedabad see AhmadabadAhmednagar see AhmadnagarAhuachapán (city, western El Salvador) : for-

merly Agüecha; originally GüeciapamAhunui (atoll, central French Polynesia) : for-

merly Byam Martin IslandAhvenanmaa see ÅlandAigues-Mortes (town, southern France) : Roman

Aquae MortuaeAïn Azel (town, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962

French AmpèreAïn Beïda (town, northeastern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French DaoudAïn Beniane (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French GuyotvilleAïn Berda (town, northeastern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French PenthièvreAïn Defla (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French DuperréAïn el Hammam (town, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French MicheletAïn el Kebira (town, northeastern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French PérigotvilleAïn Makhlouf (town, northeastern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French RenierAïn Mokra see BerrahalAinos see EnezAïn Oulmene (town, northeastern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French ColbertAintab see GaziantepAïn Tagourit (village, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French BérardAïn Tolba (village, northwestern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French De MalherbeAïn Touta (town, northeastern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French MacMahonAirds see CampbelltownAire-sur-l’Adour (town, southwestern France) :

Roman Vicus JuliiAisne (river, northern France) : Roman Axona

Aix-en-Provence (city, southeastern France) :Roman Aquae Sextiae

Aix-la-Chapelle see AachenAix-les-Bains (town, eastern France) : Roman

Aquae GratianaeAíyion (city, southwestern Greece) : Roman

AegiumAizkraukle (town, south central Latvia) : 1967–

1991 Stuchka; to 1967 Russian imeni PetraStuchki

Aizpute (town, western Latvia) : to 1918 GermanHasenpoth

Ajemler see AksakovoAjo (town, Arizona, southwestern United States)

: originally Muy VaviAkchi-Karasu see ToktogulAkdeniz see Mediterranean SeaAkdepe (town, northern Turkmenistan) : for-

merly Russian LeninskAkhali Ap’oni (town, northwestern Georgia) :

(Russian Novy Afon); to 1948 PsirtskhaAkhisar (city, western Turkey) : biblical Thya-

tiraAkhisar see KrujëAkhmnm (city, east central Egypt) : Roman

Chemmis, ancient Greek PanopolisAkhta see HrazdanAkhunbabayev (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : to

1975 SufikishlakAkhuryan (village, northwestern Armenia) : to

1945 DuzkendAkkadqnlar see DulovoAkkad≠nlar see DulovoAkkerman see Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy‘Akko see AcreAkkol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : formerly

Russian AlekseyevkaAkku (village, northeastern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian Lebyazh’yeAk-Mechet’ see (1) Chornomors’ke; (2) Kyzyl-

orda; (3) SimferopolAkmola see AstanaAkmolinsk see AstanaAkpalanka see Bela PalankaAkra-Leuka see AlicanteAksakovo (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1934

Turkish AjemlerAksay (town, northwestern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Kazakhstan [sic]Ak£ehir (town west central Turkey) : ancient

Greek PhilomelionAk-Sheikh see Rozdol’ne1Aksu (town, northeastern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Yermak2Aksu (town, southern Kazakhstan) : formerly

Russian Belyye Vody

9 Aksu

Aksum (town, northern Ethiopia) : alternateAxum; Roman Axumis

Aktau (city, western Kazakhstan) : 1964–1991Russian Shevchenko

Aktobe (city, northwestern Kazakhstan) : to 1991Russian Aktyubinsk

Aktogay (town, northeastern Kazakhstan) : for-merly Russian Krasnokutsk

Aktsyabrski (town, south central Belarus) :(Russian Oktyabr’sky); formerly Karpilovka

Aktyubinsk see AktobeAkyab see SittweAlagoa de Baixo see SertâniaAlagoa Nova (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1939–

1943 LaranjeirasAlagoas see Marechal DeodoroAlais see AlèsÅland (islands, southwestern Finland) : alternate

Finnish Ahvenanmaa (The Swedish name ismore widely used, although the islands havebeen part of Finland since 1917.)

Alanskoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to1944 Psedakh

Al ‘Arabnyah as-Sa‘¨dnyah see Saudi ArabiaAl ‘Arnsh (town, northeastern Egypt) : Roman

RhinocoluraAla£ehir (city, western Turkey) : ancient Greek

PhiladelphiaAl Ashmunein (village, north central Egypt) :

ancient Greek Hermopolis MagnaAlaska (state, northwestern United States) :

1799–1867 Russian America (The former name,denoting territory held by Russia, appliedmainly to Alsaka and the Aleutian Islands butalso took in settlements on the Pacific coast asfar south as Fort Ross, California.)

Alaska Highway (road, northwestern NorthAmerica) : formerly Alcan Highway

Alatri (town, central Italy) : Roman AletriumAlauna see (1) Alcester; (2) MaryportAl-‘Ayzarnyah (village, south central West Bank)

: biblical BethanyAlba (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman Alba

PompeiaAlba see (1) Scotland; (2) WarrenAl Ba∏r al-Abyaö see Mediterranean SeaAl Ba∏r al-A∏mar see Red SeaAl Ba∏r al-Mutawassi™ see Mediterranean SeaAl Ba∏r ar-R¨m see Mediterranean SeaAlba Iulia (city, west central Romania) : to 1918

Hungarian Gyulafehérvár; to 1867 GermanKarlsburg, earlier German Weissenburg; 8th–11th century Slavic BQlgrad, Roman Apulum

Albania (republic, southern Europe) : [AlbanianShqipëri]

1Albany (city, New York, northeastern United

States) : 1652–1664 Beverwyck; to 1652 FortOrange

2Albany (town, Western Australia, southwesternAustralia) : to 1832 Frederickstown

Alba Pompeia see AlbaAlba Regalis see SzékesfehérvárAlbat see 2KuybysheveAlbenga (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman

Album IngaunumAlbert (town, northern France) : to 1620 AncreAlbert, Lake (central Africa) : 1973–c.1997 Lake

Mobutu Sese Seko; earlier Albert NyanzaAlbert Edward Nyanza see Edward, LakeAlbert National Park see Virunga National

ParkAlbert Nyanza see Albert, LakeAlbertville see KalemieAlbi (town, southern France) : Roman AlbigaAlbicella see ÁvilaAlbiga see AlbiAlbion see Great BritainAlbion Mines see StellartonAl Bnrah (village, central West Bank) : biblical

BeerothÅlborg (city, northern Denmark) : alternate Aal-

borg; Medieval Latin AlburgumAlbum Ingaunum see AlbengaAlbuquerque Lins see LinsAlburgum see ÅlborgAlcalá de Henares (city, central Spain) : Roman

ComplutumAlcan Highway see Alaska HighwayAlcazarquivir see Ksar el KebirAlcester (town, south central England) : Roman

AlaunaAlchevsk see Alchevs’kAlchevs’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Al-

chevsk); 1961–1992 Komunars’k (Russian Kom-munarsk); 1931–1961 Voroshylovs’k (RussianVoroshilovsk)

Alcira see AlziraAlcobaça see TucuruíAldan (town, eastern Russia) : to 1939 Neza-

metnyAldborough (village, northern England) :

Roman Isurium BrigantumAldea Grande see CiénagaAlderney (island, Channel Islands, southern

United Kingdom) : Roman RidunaAlejandro Selkirk (island, western Juan

Fernández, South Pacific) : formerly MásAfuera

Aleksandropol’ see GyumriAleksandrovka see Lozno-Oleksandrivka1Aleksandrovo (village, northern Bulgaria) : for-

merly Turkish Karakhasan

Aksum 10

2Aleksandrovo (village, central Bulgaria) : to1878 Turkish Okchelar

Aleksandrovo see MiladinovciAleksandrovsk (city, western Russia) : 1928–1951

Aleksandrovsky; to 1928 Aleksandrovsky ZavodAleksandrovsk see (1) Belogorsk; (2) Polyarny;

(3) ZaporizhzhyaAleksandrovsk-Grushevsky see ShakhtyAleksandrovskoye see Kyzyl-AdyrAleksandrovsky see (1) Aleksandrovsk;

(2) NovosibirskAleksandrovsky Zavod see AleksandrovskAleksandrów Kujawski (town, central Poland) :

1940–1945 German Alexandrow-WeichselAlekseyevka see (1) Akkol’; (2) Terekty;

(3) TorezAlekseyevo-Leonovo see TorezAlekseyevo-Orlovka see Shakhtars’kAlekseyevsk see SvobodnyAleppo (city, northwestern Syria) : [Arabic

πalab]; ancient Greek BeroeaAlès (city, southern France) : to 1926 AlaisAlessandria (city, northwestern Italy) : Roman

Civitas NovaAletrium see AlatriAlexandretta see jskenderun1Alexandria (city, northern Egypt) : [Arabic Al-

Iskandarnyah] (Alexandria was founded byAlexander the Great, as were the originals ofjskenderun and Kandahar.)

2Alexandria (city, Virginia, eastern UnitedStates) : to 1749 Belhaven

3Alexandria (town, Ontario, southeasternCanada) : to 1819 Priest’s Mills

4Alexandria (town, southern South Africa) : to1873 Olifantshoek

Alexandria see (1) Arlington; (2) 3JacksonAlexandria ad Issum see jskenderunAlexandria Arachosiorum see KandaharAlexandroúpolis (city, northeastern Greece) :

1913–1919 Bulgarian Dedeagach; to 1913 Turk-ish Dedeagaç

Alexandrow-Weichsel see Aleksandrów Ku-jawski

Alfatar (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : formerlyGeneral Lazarevo (The town was in Romaniafrom 1913 to 1940.)

Alfredo Chaves see VeranópolisAl FurIt see EuphratesAlger se AlgiersAlgeria (republic, northern Africa) : [Arabic Al-

JazI’ir]; formerly French Algérie (Algeria wasoccupied by the French in 1830 and gained itsindependence in 1962.)

Algérie see AlgeriaAlgiers (city, northern Algeria) : [Arabic Al-Jaz-

I’ir]; to c.1962 French Alger; Roman Icosium(Algiers was captured by the French in 1830and became a military and administrative basefor their colonies in northern and westernAfrica. The city was the provisional capital ofFrance in World War II and its French nameremains in official use.)

Al Gnzah see GizaAl πaör (village, northwestern Iraq) : ancient

Greek HatraAl-Hawtah see LahijAl Hoceima (town, northern Morocco) : to

c.1958 Spanish Villa SanjurjoAl Hudaydah (city, western Yemen) : conven-

tional HodeidaAlibotush see Gotsev VrukhAli Boutous see Gotsev VrukhAlicante (city, southeastern Spain) : Roman Lu-

centum; ancient Greek Akra-LeukaAlice Springs (town, Northern Territory, central

Australia) : to 1933 StuartAlinda see KarpuzluAliquippa (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : originally LogstownAl-Iskandarnyah see 1AlexandriaAl-Ittihad see Madinat ash Sha’bAl-JazI’ir see (1) Algeria; (2) AlgiersAl Khalnl see HebronAl Khums (town, northwestern Libya) : formerly

often HomsAl LIdhiqnyah see LatakiaAllanmyo see AunglanAllenburg see 3DruzhbaAllenstein see OlsztynAllentown (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to 1838 NorthamptonAlligator see Lake CityAlma (city, Quebec, eastern Canada) : to 1954

St.-Joseph-d’AlmaAlma-Ata see AlmatyAl Madnnah see MedinaAl-Maghrib see MoroccoAl Marj (town, northern Libya) : formerly Italian

Barce; ancient Greek BarcaAlmaty (city, southeastern Kazakhstan) :

1921–1991 Alma-Ata, to 1921 Russian VernyAl Maw•il see MosulAlmenara (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

VigiaAlmería (city, southern Spain) : Roman Portus

MagnusAlmonte (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1856 Sheppard’s FallAl MukhI’ see MochaAlost see AalstAlpargatal see Vicente Noble

11 Alpargatal

Alpesa see ElvasAlpes-de-Haute-Provence (department, south-

eastern France) : to 1970 Basses-AlpesAl QIhirah see CairoAl-Qa•rayn (town, west central Tunisia) : En-

glish Kasserine (The English name is associatedwith the nearby pass where in 1943 a decisivebattle between U.S. and German forces con-tributed to the collapse of German resistancein northern Africa.)

Al Quds see JerusalemAl-Qusur see LuxorAlre see AurayAls (island, southern Denmark) : 1864–1920

German AlsenAlsace (region, northeastern France) : 1871–1918,

1940–1944 German Elsass; Roman Alsatia (Seealso Lorraine.)

Alsatia see AlsaceAlsen see AlsAlsókubin see Dolnï KubínAlsólendva see LendavaAltamura (town, southern Italy) : Roman Lupa-

tiaAltanbulag (town, northern Mongolia) : to 1921

MaimachinAlta Ripa see AltripAltay (republic, southern Russia) : 1948–1991

Gorno-Altay; 1922–1948 OyrotAltdamm see DRbieAltena see 1WilmingtonAltendorf see Spi§ska Stara VesAltentreptow (town, northwestern Germany) :

to 1939 TreptowAltilia (village, central Italy) : Roman SaepinumAltlublau see Stará L’ubovûaAlto Parnaíba (town, northeastern Brazil) : to

1944 Vitória do Alto ParnaíbaAltrip (village, western Germany) : Roman Alta

RipaAltsandez see Stary SRczAltschmecks see Stary SmokovecAltschwanenburg see GulbeneAltsohl see ZvolenAlturas (town, California, western United States)

: to 1874 Dorris BridgeAl¨ksne (town, northeastern Latvia) : to 1918

German MarienburgAl Urdunn see JordanÁlvaro Obregón see FronteraAlwand (mountain, western Iran) : ancient

Greek OrontesAl Yaman see YemenAlyoshki see Tsyurupyns’kAlytus (city, southern Lithuania) : to 1918 Rus-

sian Olita

Alzira (town, eastern Spain) : alternate Alcira;Roman Saetabicula

Amamlu see SpitakAmandelboom see 2WillistonAmangeldy (town, north central Kazakhstan) :

to 1936 BatbakkaraAmapá (town, southern Brazil) : formerly Mon-

tenegroAmapari see Ferreira GomesAmarração see Luís CorreiaAmatitlán (town, southeastern Mexico) : to 1938

AmatlánAmatlán see AmatitlánAmbacia see AmboiseAmbaritsa see 2LevskiAmbianum see AmiensAmbleside see HahndorfAmbleston (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

TreamlodAmboina see AmbonAmboise (town, west central France) : Roman

AmbaciaAmbon (island, eastern Indonesia) : formerly

Amboina (The city of Ambon on the islandhad the same former name.)

Amboy see Perth AmboyAmbracia see ArtaAmbridge (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to 1906 Economy (Remains ofthe former village, a German communalgroup, are preserved as Old Economy.)

Ambrizete see N’zetoAmbrolauri (town, northern Georgia) : to mid–

1930s YenukidzeAmbroz see PlasencisAmelia (town, southern Italy) : Roman AmeriaAmélie-les-Bains-Palada (town, southern

France) : to 1840 Arles-les-BainsAmeria see AmeliaAmerica see United StatesAmericana (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1938

Villa AmericanaAmherst (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) :

to 1759 La PlancheAmherst see KyaikkamiAmichow see KaiyuanAmida see DiyarbakqrAmiens (city, northern France) : Roman Am-

bianum; Celtic SamarobrivaAmisia see EmsAmissa see Omi§Amisus see SamsunAmman (city, northwestern Jordan) : ancient

Greek Philadelphia; biblical Rabbah; alternatebiblical Rabbath-Ammon (The city was notthe biblical Philadelphia, which lies beneath

Alpesa 12

the modern town of Ala£ehir, western Tur-key.)

Ammanford (town, southern Wales) : WelshRhydaman

Ammokhostos see FamagustaAmnéville (town, northeastern France) : 1870–

1918, 1939–1944 German StahlheimAmoea see PortalegreAmoy see XiamenAmpère see Aïn AzelAmpezzo (village, northeastern Italy) : to 1918

German HaydenAmrit (village, western Syria) : ancient Greek

Marathus1Amsterdam (city, New York, northeastern

United States) : to 1804 Veedersburg2Amsterdam (town, northeastern South Africa) :

to 1882 RoburniaAmu Darya (river, central Asia) : ancient Greek

OxusAmursk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1958 PadaliAmvrosiyevka see AmvrosiyivkaAmvrosiyivka (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Amvrosiyevka); to 1944 Donets’ko-Amvrosiyivka(Russian Donetsko-Amvrosiyevka)

Anaconda (town, Montana, northwesternUnited States) : to 1888 Copperopolis

Anadolu see AnatoliaAnadyr’ (town, eastern Russia) : to 1923 Novo-

MariinskAnagastum see Nik§iWAnagni (town, central Italy) : Roman AnagniaAnagnia see AnagniAnalândia (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

AnápolisAnan’evo (village, northeastern Kyrgyzstan) : to

1942 SazanovkaAnantnag (town, northern India) : formerly Isla-

mabadAnápolis see (1) Analândia; (2) Simão DiasAnatolia (region, western Asia) : [Turkish

Anadolu]; traditional Asia Minor (Anatoliacorresponds to modern Asian Turkey, amount-ing to about 97 percent of the country’s area.)

An Baile Meánach see BallymenaAn Bhlarna see BlarneyAn Cabhán see CavanAn Caisleán Nua see 3NewcastleAncaster (village, east central England) : Roman

Causennis (The Roman name, often cited asCausennae, may have really been that of a fortat Sapperton, 7 miles to the southeast.)

An Charraig Dhubh see BlackrockAn Chathair see CaherAnchialus see PomoriyeAnchieta see Piatã

An Chorr Chríochach see CookstownAn Clár see ClareAn Clochán see ClifdenAn Clochán Liath see DungloeAn Cóbh see CobhAn Coireán see WatervilleAn Comar see ComberAncre see AlbertAncyra see AnkaraAn Daingean see (1) Daingean; (2) DingleAndalaly see Nozhay-YurtAndalucía see 1Andalusia1Andalusia (region, southern Spain) : [Spanish

Andalucía]2Andalusia (town, Alabama, southeastern United

States) : to 1846 New SiteAndalusia see Jan KempdorpAndemattunnum see LangresAnderitum see PevenseyAndernach (city, western Germany) : Roman

AntunnacumAndes see VirgilioAndijon (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian An-

dizhan)Andirá (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 IngáAndizhan see AndijonAndorra (principality, southwestern Europe) :

[French Andorre] (The official language of An-dorra is Catalan, but Spanish and French arealso spoken.)

Andorra-la-Vella (town, west central Andorra) :[French Andorre-la-Vieille; Spanish Andorra-la-Vieja]

Andorra-la-Vieja see Andorra-la-VellaAndorre see AndorraAndorre-la-Vieille see Andorra-la-VellaAndover Forge see StanhopeAndreyev see JddrzejówAndreyevka see KabanbayAndreyevsk see TezebazarAndreyevskoye see DneprovskoyeAndrichau see AndrychówAn Droim Mór see DromoreAndropov see RybinskAndrychów (town, southern Poland) : 1940–

1945 German AndrichauAnenii Noi (town, eastern Moldova) : formerly

Russian Novyye AnenyAnericiacum see AnnecyAngaco Norte (town, western Argentina) : for-

merly Kilómetro 924Angerapp see OzyorskAngerburg see WdgorzewoAngers (city, western France) : Roman Julioma-

gusAnglesey (island, northwestern Wales) : Welsh

13 Anglesey

Môn; Roman Mona (The Roman name is saidto mean “mountain,” specifically referring toHolyhead Mountain on the island.)

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan see SudanAngoche (town, eastern Mozambique) : to 1976

Portuguese António EnesAngola (country, southwestern Africa) : to 1914

Portuguese West Africa (Although the name be-came officially recognized in 1914, Angola didnot achieve independence until 1975.)

Angora see AnkaraAngostura see Ciudad BolívarAngoulême (city, western France) : Roman Eco-

lismaAngra Pequena see LüderitzAngrezabad see English BazarAngus (administrative district, eastern Scotland)

: to 1928 ForfarshireAn Iarmhí see WestmeathAnicium see Le PuyAniene (river, central Italy) : Roman AnioAnio see AnieneAniva (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-

nese RutakaAnjouan see NzwaniAnkara (city, west central Turkey) : formerly

conventional English Angora; Roman AncyraAnkhialo see PomoriyeAn Longfort see LongfordAn Lorgain see LurganAn Mhí see MeathAn Muileann gCearr see MullingarAnnaba (city, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962

French Bône; Roman Hippo RegiusAnnapolis (city, Maryland, northeastern United

States) : to 1695 Anne Arundel Town; originallyProvidence (Annapolis is the seat of Anne Arun-del County, preserving the earlier name.)

Annapolis Royal (town, Nova Scotia, easternCanada) : to 1713 Port Royal

An Nás see NaasAn NI•irah see NazarethAnne Arundel Town see AnnapolisAnnecy (city, eastern France) : Medieval Latin

AnericiacumAnnenfeld see ßämkirAnnian Way see ViaAn Nnl see NileAnnobón (island, southwestern Equatorial

Guinea) : 1973–1979 PagaluAn Ómaigh see OmaghAnqing (city, eastern China) : 1911–1949 Hwai-

ningAn Ráth see Ráth LuircAn Sciobairín see SkibbereenAnsedonia (village, western Italy) : Roman Cosa

Ansloga see OsloAn Sráidbhaile see StradballyAn Srath Bán see StrabaneAnstrude see Bierry-les-Belles-FontainesAntakya (city, southern Turkey) : biblical Anti-

och; Roman Antiochia (There are two biblicalAntiochs. This one, in the Roman province ofSyria, was the starting point of Paul’s journeyto Rome. The other, also visited by Paul, wasin the Roman province of Galatia, or as Acts13:14 has it, “Antioch in Pisidia,” in modernsouthwestern Turkey. Both were named for theSyrian emperor Antiochus, father of SeleucusI, but the Antioch that is now Antakya was thelargest and most important of all the 16 citiesthat took his name. A third was AntiochiaMargiana, otherwise Merv in present-dayTurkmenistan, while a fourth, Antiochia Persis,may have been modern B¨shehr, in south-western Iran.)

Antalya (city, southwestern Turkey) : biblical At-talia; ancient Greek Attaleia

Antananarivo (city, east central Madagascar) :formerly French Tananarive

An tAonach see NenaghAntarctic see AntarcticaAntarctica (continent surrounding South Pole) :

alternate popular AntarcticAntarctic Ocean (southern parts of Pacific, At-

lantic, and Indian oceans) : alternate SouthernOcean

Antarctic Peninsula (northwestern Antarctica) :1938–1964 (UK) Graham Land, (U.S.) Gra-ham Peninsula or Palmer Peninsula; SpanishTierra de O’Higgins (Graham Land is now usedfor the northern part of the peninsula, andPalmer Land for the southern part.)

An Teampall Mór see TemplemoreAntequera (city, southern Spain) : Roman Anti-

quaria; alternate Roman AnticariaAntibes (town, southeastern France) : ancient

Greek AntipolisAntibos see ¶tipAnticaria see AntequeraAnticosti (island, Quebec, eastern Canada) : for-

merly French AssomptionAn tInbhear Mór see ArklowAntioch see (1) Antakya; (2) B¨shehr;

(3) MervAntiochia see AntakyaAntiochia Margiana see MervAntipatria see BeratAntipolis see AntibesAntipyrgos see TobrukAntiquaria see AntequeraAntium see Anzio

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 14

An tIúr see NewryAntivari see BarAntivestaeum Promontorium see Land’s

EndAn t-Òb see LeverburghAntónio Enes see AngocheAntono-Kodintsevo see Kominternivs’keAntonove-Kodyntseve see Kominternivs’keAntopal’ (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Rus-

sian Antopol’ ); 1919–1939 Polish AntopolAntopol’ see Antopal’Antratsit see AntratsytAntratsyt (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Antratsit); to 1962 Bokovo-Antratsyt (RussianBokovo-Antratsit)

Antrea see KamennogorskAntrim (town, central Northern Ireland) : Irish

AontroimAntsiranana (city, northern Madagascar) : to

1977 Portuguese and Spanish Diégo-SuarezAntsohimbondrona (village, northern Madagas-

car) : formerly French Port St.-LouisAntunnacum see AndernachAntwerp (city, northern Belgium) : [Flemish

Antwerpen; French Anvers]Antwerpen see AntwerpAn Uaimh see NavanAnvers see AntwerpAnyang (city, east central China) : to 1913

ZhangdeAnzaldo (town, central Bolivia) : to 1900s

ParedónAnzio (town, western Italy) : Roman AntiumAontroim see AntrimAorangi see Cook, Mt.Aosta (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman Au-

gusta PraetoriaAotea see Great Barrier IslandAotearoa see New ZealandApalachicola (town, Florida, southeastern

United States) : to 1831 West PointAparecida see BertolíniaApennines (mountains, central Italy) : [Italian

Appennini]Apenrade see ÅbenråAphrodisias see GeyreApizaco (city, east central Mexico) : formerly

Barrón EscandónApollonia see SozopolAppennini see ApenninesAppian Way see ViaAppleton (city, Wisconsin, north central United

States) : originally Grand ChuteAprel’sk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1925

Nadezhdinsky PriiskAprutium see Abruzzi

Apt (town, southeastern France) : Roman AptaJulia

Apta Julia see AptApuania see Massa-CarraraApulia see PugliaApulum see Alba IuliaAqaba (town, southwestern Jordan) : Roman Ae-

lana; biblical Ezion-geber; alternate biblicalElath (The biblical names are now often re-garded as those of two distinct places.)

Aqmola see AstanaAq Qaleh (town, northeastern Iran) : to 1980

Pahlavi DezhAquae Arnemetiae see BuxtonAquae Augustae see DaxAquae Calidae see (1) Bagnols-les-Bains;

(2) 1Bath; (3) VichyAquae Calidae Pisanorum see San Giuliano

TermeAquae Flaviae see ChavesAquae Grani see AachenAquae Gratianae see Aix-les-BainsAquae Helveticae see 2BadenAquae Mattiacae see WiesbadenAquae Mortuae see Aigues-MortesAquae Originis see OrenseAquae Pannoniae see 1BadenAquae Sextiae see Aix-en-ProvenceAquae Statiellae see Acqui TermeAquae Sulis see 1BathAquae Tarbellicae see DaxAquidneck see Rhode IslandAquincum see BudapestAquino (town, south central Italy) : Roman

AquinumAquinum see AquinoAquisgranum see AachenAquitaine (region, southwestern France) :

Roman AquitaniaAquitania see AquitaineArabestan see KhuzestanArabian Desert see Eastern DesertArabian Gulf see Persian GulfAraçá see MariAraçoiaba da Serra (town, southeastern Brazil) :

to 1944 Campo LargoAracoma see LoganAracruz (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Santa CruzArae Flaviae see RottweilAragon (region, northeastern Spain) : [Spanish

Aragón]Aragón see AragonAraguaçu see Paraguaçu PaulistaAraguari (city, eastern Brazil) : formerly Fregue-

sia do Brejo Alegre

15 Araguari

Araguatins (city, north central Brazil) : to 1944Portuguese São Vicente

Ara Jovis see AranjuezArIk (city, west central Iran) : to mid–1930s Sul-

tanabadArakan see RakhineAranjuez (town, central Spain) : Roman Ara JovisAranyoszmarót see Zlaté MoravceAraquari (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 ParatiArarat (mountain, eastern Turkey) : Turkish Agrq

Dagq (The English and biblical name relates tothe Assyrian kingdom of Urartu, around LakeVan.)

Araripina (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944Portuguese São Gonçalo dos Campos

Aras (river, eastern Turkey) : ancient GreekAraxas (The river, which for about half itscourse forms the border between Armenia andAzerbaijan to the north and Turkey and Iranto the south, was confused by the historianHerodotus with the Oxus or Amu Darya.)

Arausio see 1OrangeAraxas see ArasArbe see RabArbeia see South ShieldsArberth see NarberthArbon (town, northeastern Switzerland) : Roman

Arbor FelixArborea (village, western Sardinia, Italy) :

c.1935–c.1944 Mussolinia di Sardegna; toc.1935 Villaggio Mussolini

Arbor Felix see ArbonArbroath (town, eastern Scotland) : formerly

Aberbrothock (The town’s name means “mouthof the Brothock” and the river here is stillknown by this name. The old name was popu-larized by Robert Southey’s 1802 ballad “TheInchcape Rock.” See also Bell Rock.)

Archangel see Arkhangel’skArcobriga see Arcos de la FronteraArcos de la Frontera (town, southwestern Spain)

: Roman ArcobrigaArcoverde (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Rio BrancoArctic Bay (village, Nunavut, northern Canada)

: alternate Inuit IkpiarjukArctic Red River see TsiigehtchicArdennes (wooded plateau, southwestern Bel-

gium/northeastern France) : Roman ArduennaSilva

Ardino (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878Turkish Egridere

Ard Mhic Nasca see HolywoodArduenna Silva see ArdennesArea see MundeleinAreia see Ubaíra

Arekhawsk (town, northeastern Belarus) : (Rus-sian Orekhovsk); to 1946 Russian Orekhi-Vydritsa

Arelate see ArlesArenacum see ArnhemArensburg see KuressaareArezzo (city, north central Italy) : Roman

ArretiumArgenta see North Little RockArgentia (village, Newfoundland and Labrador,

eastern Canada) : formerly Little PlacentiaArgentina (republic, southern South America) :

officially Argentine Republic; colloquially theArgentine

Argentine, the see ArgentinaArgentine Republic see ArgentinaArgentoratum see StrasbourgArgovie see AargauArgyrokastron see GjirokastërÅrhus (city, eastern Denmark) : alternate AarhusAriccia (town, central Italy) : Roman AriciaAricia see AricciaAriconium see Weston under PenyardArn∏I see JerichoAriminum see RiminiArizona City see YumaArkadelphia (town, Arkansas, south central

United States) : to 1838 BlakelytownArkadioúpolis see LüleburgazArkansas City (town, Kansas, central United

States) : to 1872 Creswell, earlier Adelphi; origi-nally Walnut City

Arkhangelo-Pashiysky Zavod see PashiyaArkhangel’sk (city, northwestern Russia) : En-

glish conventional Archangel; to 1613 RussianNovyye Kholmogory (The English name becamefamiliar in World War II as that of the port re-ceiving convoys of lend-lease goods fromBritain and the USA.)

Arklow (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish AntInbhear Mór

Arles (city, southeastern France) : Roman Are-late

Arles-les-Bains see Amélie-les-Bains-Palada1Arlington (county, Virginia, eastern United

States) : to 1920 Alexandria; originally Belle-haven

2Arlington (town, Massachusetts, northeasternUnited States) : 1807–1867 West Cambridge; to1807 Menotomy

Arlington Heights (town, Illinois, north centralUnited States) : to 1874 Dunton

Arlon (town, southeastern Belgium) : FlemishAarlen; Roman Orolaunum

Arman see KardamArmavir (city, western Armenia) : 1938–1992

Araguatins 16

Oktemberyan; to 1938 Sardarabad (The cityshould not be confused with the town of thesame name in southwestern Russia, althoughboth are named for the historic capital ofUrartu, the ancient kingdom that became Ar-menia.)

Armenia (republic, western Asia) : [ArmenianHayasdan] (This Armenia should not be con-fused with the much larger ancient country ofthe name, now occupied by modern Armenia,Turkey, and Iran and commonly identifiedwith the biblical Minni.)

Armenierstadt see GherlaArmenopolis see GherlaArmorica see BrittanyArnheim see ArnhemArnhem (city, eastern Netherlands) : 1939–1945

German Arnheim; Roman ArenacumArnissa (village, northeastern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish OstrovoArnswalde see ChoszcznoArorae (island, west central Kiribati) : formerly

Hurd IslandArpino (town, central Italy) : Roman ArpinumArpinum see ArpinoArrabona see GyârAr Raqqah (town, northern Syria) : ancient

Greek NicephoriumArras (city, northern France) : Roman Nemeta-

cum Atrebatum; Celtic NemetocennaArretium see ArezzoArriaca see GuadalajaraAr RiyIö see RiyadhArroyo de la Luz (town, western Spain) : to

c.1940 Arroyo del PuercoArroyo del Puerco see Arroyo de la LuzArsenaria see ArzewArsen’yev (town, eastern Russia) : to 1952 Sem-

yonovkaArshaly (town, north central Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian Vishnyovka (This Arshaly, nearthe capital, Astana, should not be confusedwith the settlement of the same name in theeast of the country, south of Semey.)

Arsinoë see El FaiyumArta (town, northwestern Greece) : to 1912 Turk-

ish Narda; ancient Greek AmbraciaArtashat (town, southern Armenia) : to 1945 Ka-

marluArtemove (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Artyomovo); to 1921 Nelipivs’kyy Khutir (Rus-sian Nelepovsky Khutor)

Artemivs’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (RussianArtyomovsk); to 1923 Bakhmut

Artesia (town, New Mexico, southwesternUnited States) : to 1905 Stegman

Arti (town, west central Russia) : to 1929 Artin-sky Zavod

Artigas (city, northwestern Uruguay) : to 1930sSpanish San Eugenio

Artigas see Río BrancoArtinsky Zavod see ArtiArtur de Paiva see MatalaArtyomovo see ArtemoveArtyomovsk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1939

Ol’khovskyArtyomovsk see Artemivs’kArtyomovsky (town, west central Russia) : to

1938 YegorshinoAruanã (town, central Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese LeopoldinaArun (river, southern England) : formerly Tar-

rant; Roman TrisantonaArunachal Pradesh (state, northeastern India) :

1954–1972 North East Frontier AgencyArundel see KennebunkportArviat (village, Nunavut, north central Canada) :

to 1989 Eskimo PointArys see OrzyszArzew (town, northwestern Algeria) : Roman

ArsenariaA§ (town, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German Asch1Asaka (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerly Rus-

sian Leninsk; 1935–1937 Assake; 1934–1935Russian Zelensk; to 1934 Assake

2Asaka (city, central Japan) : to 1932 HizaoriAsba Littoria see Asebe TefereAsbest (town, west central Russia) : to 1933

Kudel’kaAsbestos Hill see PurtuniqAscension Island see PohnpeiAsch see A§Ascoli Piceno (town, central Italy) : Roman As-

culum PicenumAscoli Satriano (town, southeastern Italy) :

Roman Asculum ApulumAsculum Apulum see Ascoli SatrianoAsculum Picenum see Ascoli PicenoAsebe Tefere (town, east central Ethiopia) :

1936–1941 Italian Asba LittoriaAsenovgrad (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1934

StanimakaAsfeld (village, northeastern France) : 1671–1728

Avaux-la-Ville; to 1671 ÉcryA£gabat (city, southern Turkmenistan) : (Russian

Ashkhabad); 1919–1927 Russian PoltoratskAshdod (city, southwestern Israel) : Roman Azo-

tusAsheville (city, North Carolina, eastern United

States) : to 1797 MorristownAshkelon see Ashqelon

17 Ashkelon

Ashkhabad see A£gabatAshland (city, Kentucky, east central United

States) : to 1854 Poage’s SettlementAshley Center see VernalAshmyany (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Rus-

sian Oshmyany); 1921–1945 Polish OszmianaAshots’k’ (village, northwestern Armenia) : for-

merly GukasyanAshqelon (city, southwestern Israel) : biblical

AshkelonAshraf see BehshahrAsh ShIm see (1) Damascus; (2) SyriaAsh ShIriqah (emirate, United Arab Emirates) :

conventional SharjahAsht see ShaidanAshur see Qal‘at SharqItAsia Minor see AnatoliaAsisium see AssisiAsloga see OsloAsmara (city, northern Eritrea) : alternate

AsmeraAsmera see AsmaraAsolo (town, northeastern Italy) : Roman

AcelumAspadana see E£fahInAsparukhovo (village, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1934

ChengeAspinwall see ColónAspropotamos see AchelousAssab (former administrative region, southeast-

ern Eritrea) : 1936–1941 Italian Dancalia Meri-dionale

Assake see 1AsakaAssiniboia (town, Saskatchewan, southern Can-

ada) : to 1913 LeevilleAssisi (town, central Italy) : Roman AsisiumAssling see JeseniceAssomption see AnticostiAs S¨dIn see SudanAssur see Qal‘at SharqItAs Suways see SuezAsta Colonia see AstiAstacus see jzmitAstana (city, north central Kazakhstan) : 1994–

1998 Aqmola; 1961–1994 Russian Tselinograd;1832–1961 Russian Akmolinsk; earlier Akmola

Asta Pompeia see AstiAstapovo see Lev TolstoyAsterabad see GorgInAsti (city, northwestern Italy) : Roman Asta Pom-

peia; alternate Roman Asta ColoniaAstorga (town, northwestern Spain) : Roman As-

turica AugustaAstrakhan’-Bazar see CälilabadAstrida see ButareAsturica Augusta see Astorga

Aswan (city, southeastern Egypt) : ancient GreekSyene

Asyut (city, east central Egypt) : ancient GreekLycopolis

Atakent (village, southern Kazakhstan) : for-merly Russian Il’ich

Atamyrat (town, southeastern Turkmenistan) :formerly Kerki

Atella di Caserta (town, southern Italy) : 1927–1945 Atella di Napoli

Atella di Napoli see Atella di CasertaAternum see PescaraAteste see EsteAth (town, southwestern Belgium) : Flemish AatAthenae see 1AthensAthenry (town, western Ireland) : Irish Baile

Átha an Rí1Athens (city, eastern Greece) : [modern Greek

Athínai]; Roman Athenae2Athens (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

formerly FarmersvilleAthens see OshkoshAthínai see 1AthensAthlone (town, central Ireland) : Irish Baile Átha

LuainAthol (town, Massachusetts, northeastern United

States) : to 1762 PequoiagAthy (town, east central Ireland) : Irish Baile

Átha ÍAtig (town, west central Russia) : to 1929 Atigsky

ZavodAtigsky Zavod see AtigAtlanta (city, Georgia, southeastern United

States) : 1843–1845 Marthasville; to 1843 Ter-minus

Atlixco (city, south central Mexico) : originallyVilla de Carrión

Atria see AdriaAttaleia see AntalyaAttalia see AntalyaAttinianum see VodnjanAttock (district, central Pakistan) : to 1978

CampbellpurAtwood (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada)

: to 1883 Newry StationAtyrau (city, western Kazakhstan) : to 1992 Rus-

sian Gur’yevAubigny see Lévis1Auburn (city, New York, northeastern United

States) : originally Hardenberg’s Corners2Auburn (city, Washington, northwestern United

States) : to 1893 Slaughter3Auburn (village, east central Ireland) : Irish

Achadh na Gréine; formerly Lissoy (The villageis said to be the original of Oliver Goldsmith’s“Sweet Auburn! loveliest village of the plain,”

Ashkhabad 18

in his 1770 poem The Deserted Village, as thewriter spent his childhood here. The literarydescription prompted the name’s adoptionelsewhere, as for the two above.)

Auch (city, southwestern France) : Roman Au-gusta Auscorum; earlier Roman Elimberrum

Audenarde see OudenaardeAuderghem (town, central Belgium) : Flemish

OudergemAuerbakhovsky Rudnik see RudnichnyAuezov (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : to 1967

BakyrchikAufidus see OfantoAugsburg (city, southern Germany) : Roman

Augusta VindelicorumAugst (village, northern Switzerland) : Roman

Augusta Raurica1Augusta (city, southern Italy) : alternate Agosta2Augusta (city, Maine, northeastern United

States) : to 1797 Harrington; earlier Fort West-ern; originally Cushnoc

Augusta see LondonAugusta Auscorum see AuchAugusta Nemetum see SpeyerAugusta Praetoria see AostaAugusta Raurica see AugstAugusta Suessionum see SoissonsAugusta Taurinorum see TurinAugusta Trajana see Stara ZagoraAugusta Treverorum see TrierAugusta Vangionum see WormsAugusta Vindelicorum see AugsburgAugustobona see TroyesAugusto Cardosa see MetangulaAugustodunum see AutunAugustodurum see BayeuxAugustonemetum see ClermontAugustoritum see LimogesAugustów (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1919

Russian AvgustovAujuittuq see Grise FiordAulenbach see KalinovkaAulie-Ata see TarazAuliyekol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian SemiozyornoyeAulon see VlorëAulowönen see KalinovkaAumale see Sour el GhozlaneAunglan (town, central Myanmar) : formerly Al-

lanmyoAunus see OlonetsAupaluk (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : for-

merly Hopes Advance BayAurangabad (city, western India) : formerly

KhadkiAuray (town, northwestern France) : [Breton Alre]

Aurelia Aquensis see Baden-BadenAurelianum see OrléansAurelian Way see ViaAurinx see JaénAurisina (village, northeastern Italy) : to 1918

German Nabresina1Aurora (city, Colorado, west central United

States) : to 1907 Fletcher2Aurora (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : originally McCarty’s Mills3Aurora (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1854 Mitchell’s CornersAusa see VichAuschwitz see O¢widcimAuspitz see HustopeVeAussig see Ústí nad LabemAust-Agder (county, southern Norway) : to 1919

NedenesAusterlitz see Slavkov u BrnaAustin (city, Texas, southern United States) : to

1839 WaterlooAustralia (country, Oceania) : to 1817 New Hol-

land (A former alternate name for the land wasNew South Wales, later limited in area to thatof the present southeastern state.)

Australian Capital Territory (territory, south-eastern Australia) : to 1938 Federal Capital Ter-ritory

Austria (republic, central Europe) : [GermanÖsterreich]

Austria-Hungary (former monarchy, central Eu-rope) : [German Österreich-Ungarn] (The“dual monarchy” was formed in 1867 but col-lapsed in 1918 at the end of World War I.)

Autesiodorum see AuxerreAutricum see ChartresAutun (town, east central France) : Roman Au-

gustodunumAuxerre (town, central France) : Roman Aute-

siodorumAuximum see OsimoAuyuittuq National Park (Nunavut, northeastern

Canada) : to 1975 Baffin Island National ParkAvaricum see BourgesAvaux-la-Ville see AsfeldAvellaneda (city, east central Argentina) : to 1904

Spanish Barracas al SurAvellino (town, southern Italy) : Roman

AbellinumAvenches (town, western Switzerland) : Roman

AventicumAvennio see AvignonAventicum see AvenchesAvgustov see AugustówAvignon (city, southeastern France) : Roman

Avennio

19 Avignon

Ávila (city, central Spain) : Roman AlbicellaAvliköy see ZhivkovoAvlonya see VlorëAvon (river, southwestern England) : Roman

Abona (The Roman name was given to a num-ber of Avon rivers in southern England, in-cluding the one on which Sea Mills stands.)

Avratalan see KoprivshtitsaAxona see AisneAxum see AksumAxumis see AksumAyacucho (city, south central Peru) : to 1825

HuamangaAyagoz (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : to 1939

Russian Sergiopol’Aydqn (city, southwestern Turkey) : formerly

GüzelhisarAyers Rock (monolith, Northern Territory, cen-

tral Australia) : Aboriginal Uluru1Aylmer (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :

to 1847 Symnes Landing2Aylmer (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

formerly TroyAyodhya (city, northern India) : formerly OudhAyteke Bi (town, southern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Zhangaqazaly; earlier Russian Novokaza-linsk

Ayutinsky (town, southwestern Russia) : for-merly Vlasovo-Ayuta

Ayutla see Ciudad Tecúm UmánAyvalqk (town, northwestern Turkey) : ancient

Greek HeracleaAzania see South AfricaAzerbaijan (republic, central Asia) : ancient

Greek Media Atropotene (The Greek name lo-cates the territory in the part of ancient Mediathat was named after Atropates.)

Azincourt see AgincourtAzores (island group, North Atlantic) : [Por-

tuguese Açores]Azotus see AshdodAzov, Sea of (southeastern Ukraine/southwestern

Russia) : Roman Maeotis PalusAzovs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian

Azovskoye); to 1945 KolayAzovskoye see Azovs’keAzurduy (town, south central Bolivia) : to 1900s

PomabambaA≤ ¥ahrIn see DhahranBaalbek (town, eastern Lebanon) : ancient Greek

HeliopolisBaarle-Hertog (town, northern Belgium) :

French Baer-le-Duc (The town is a Belgian ex-clave in the Netherlands.)

Babadaykhan (town, southern Turkmenistan) :formerly Kirovsk

Babcock’s Grove see Glen EllynBabaeski (town, northwestern Turkey) : 1920–

1992 modern Greek EleutheraiBabelsberg (city district, eastern Germany) : to

1938 Nowawes (Babelsberg was united withNeubabelsburg in 1938 and incorporated intoPotsdam in the early 1940s.)

Babimost (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,1815–1945 German Bomst

BIbol (city, northern Iran) : to 1930 BIrfurushBIbol Sar (town, northern Iran) : to 1930s

Meshed-e SarBaborów (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man BauerwitzBabruysk (city, central Belarus) : (Russian Bo-

bruysk); to 1918 Russian Bobruysk1Babushkin (city, western Russia) : to 1938 Losi-

noostrovskaya (Babushkin became part of Mos-cow in 1960.)

2Babushkin (town, southern Russia) : to 1941Mysovsk

Babushkina, imeni (village, western Russia) : toc.1940 Ledengskoye

BaVka Palanka (town, northwestern Serbia) : to1918, 1941–1944 Hungarian Palánka

BaVka Topola (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918,1941–1944 Hungarian Topolya

Back River (Nunavut, northern Canada) : alter-nate Great Fish River

Bactra see BalkhBadajoz (city, southwestern Spain) : Roman Pax

AugustaBadalona (town, northeastern Spain) : Roman

BaetuloBad Altheide see Polanica ZdrójBad Düben (town, east central Germany) : to

1948 Düben1Baden (town, northeastern Austria) : Roman

Aquae Pannoniae2Baden (town, northern Switzerland) : Roman

Aquae HelveticaeBaden-Baden (city, southwestern Germany) :

Roman Aurelia AquensisBad Flinsberg see ¡wieradów ZdrójBad Königsdorf see Jastrzdbie ZdrójBad Kudowa see Kudowa ZdrójBad Landeck see LRdek ZdrójBad Polzin see Poùczyn ZdrójBad Reinerz see Duszniki ZdrójBad Salzbrunn see Szczawno ZdrójBad Schönfliess in Neumark see Trzciüsko

ZdrójBad Segeberg (town, northwestern Germany) :

to 1924 SegebergBad Warmbrunn see Cieplice ¡lRskie ZdrójBae Colwyn see Colwyn Bay

Avila 20

Baer-le-Duc see Baarle-HertogBaeterrae see BéziersBaetis see GuadalquivirBaetulo see BadalonaBaffin Island (Nunavut, northern Canada) : for-

merly Baffin LandBaffin Island National Park see Auyuittuq Na-

tional ParkBaffin Land see Baffin IslandBagachka see Velyka BahachkaBagenalstown see Muine BheagBagh a Chaisteil see CastlebayBaghdat’i (town, western Georgia) : 1940–1991

Russian MayakovskyBaghramyan (village, western Armenia) : for-

merly NorakertBagni della Porretta see Porretta TermeBagni San Giuliano see San Giuliano TermeBagnols-les-Bains (village, southern France) :

Roman Aquae CalidaeBagrationovsk (town, western Russia) : to 1946

German Preussisch-Eylau (The German namegave that of the 1807 battle of Eylau in theNapoleonic Wars, an indecisive encounter be-tween the allied Russians and Prussians andthe French. The town’s current name derivesfrom the Russian general Pyotr Bagration, whowas present at the battle.)

Bahachka see Velyka BahachkaBahia see SalvadorBahía Blanca (city, eastern Argentina) : to 1895

Nueva Buenos AiresBa∏r al-Abyaö see White NileBa∏r al-Azraq see Blue NileBa∏r L¨t see Dead SeaBaia Mare (town, northwestern Romania) : to

1918, 1940–1945 Hungarian NagybányaBaile Ailein see BalallanBaile an Chaisil see 2BallycastleBaile an Mhóta see BallymoteBaile an Róba see BallinrobeBaile Átha an Rí see AthenryBaile Átha Cliath see DublinBaile Átha Í see AthyBaile Átha Luain see AthloneBaile Átha Troim see TrimBaile Chaisleáin see 1BallycastleBaile Chathail see CharlestownBaile Coimín see BlessingtonBaile Locha Riach see LoughreaBaile Mhic Andáin see ThomastownBaile Mhistéala see MitchelstownBaile Monaidh see BallymoneyBaile na Lorgan see CastleblayneyBaile Nua na hArda see NewtownardsBaile Riobaird see Robertstown

Baile Shlaine see SlaneBaile Uí Fhiacháin see 3NewportBaile Uí Mhatháin see BallymahonBailieborough (town, northern Ireland) : Irish

Coill an ChollaighBailundo (town, west central Angola) : 1930s–

1970s Vila Teixeira da SilvaBailundo see LuauBaixo Mearim see Vitória do MearimBajada de Santa Fe see ParanáBajocasses see BayeuxBakal (town, west central Russia) : to 1928

Bakalsky ZavodBakalsky Zavod see BakalBakar (village, western Croatia) : 1941–1944 Ital-

ian BuccariBaker (town, North Dakota, northwestern

United States) : to 1908 LorraineBaker see Baker CityBaker City (town, Oregon, western United

States) : to 1989 BakerBaker Lake (village, Nunavut, northern Canada)

: alternate Inuit QamanittuaqBakhmut see Artemivs’kBakhtaran see KermanshahBakwanga see Mbuji-MayiBakyrchik see AuezovBala (town, northern Wales) : Welsh Y Bala

(Bala Lake, on which the town stands, isknown in Welsh as Llyn Tegid.)

Balallan (village, Western Isles, northwesternScotland) : Gaelic Baile Ailein

Balanda see KalininskBalázsfalva see BlajBalbunar see KubratBalchik (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1913–

1940 Romanian Balcic; ancient Greek Dio-nysopolis

Balcic see BalchikBalclutha (town, southern New Zealand) : for-

merly Clutha FerryBaldenburg see Biaùy BórBaldy, Mt. see San Antonio, Mt.Bâle see BaselBâle-Ville see Basel-StadtBalfour (town, northeastern South Africa) : to

1905 McHattiesburgBQlgrad see Alba IuliaBali Efendi see KnyazhevoBalqhisar (village, central Turkey) : ancient

Greek and Roman PessinusBalkan Mountains (central Bulgaria) : [Bulgar-

ian Stara Planina]; Roman HaemusBalkansky Priisk see BalkanyBalkany (town, west central Russia) : to 1929

Balkansky Priisk

21 Balkany

Balkh (town, north central Afghanistan) : an-cient Greek Bactra

Balkhash (city, eastern Kazakhstan) : to 1936Bertys

Balkis (village, southern Turkey) : ancient GreekZeugma (The Greek name, meaning “junc-tion,” referred to the twin colonies that stoodeither side of the Euphrates here.)

Balla Balla see MbalabalaBallina (town, western Ireland) : Irish Béal an

ÁthaBallinasloe (town, western Ireland) : Irish Béal

Átha na SluaigheBallinrobe (town, western Ireland) : Irish Baile

na Róba1Ballycastle (town, northern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Baile Chaisleáin2Ballycastle (village, northwestern Ireland) : Irish

Baile an ChaisilBallydesmond (town, southeastern Ireland) : to

1938 KingwilliamstownBallymahon (town, north central Ireland) : Irish

Baile Uí MhatháinBallymena (town, north central Northern Ire-

land) : Irish An Baile MeánachBallymoney (town, northern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Baile MonaidhBallymote (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish

Baile an MhótaBallyshannon (town, northwestern Ireland) :

Irish Béal Átha SeanaidhBalombo (town, western Angola) : 1920s–c.1979

Portuguese Norton de MatosBalpyk Bi (town, southeastern Kazakhstan) :

formerly Russian KirovskyBalsas (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Santo

Antônio de BalsasBQl´i (town, north central Moldova) : (Russian

Bel’tsy); to 1918 Russian Bel’tsyBaltic Port see PaldiskiBaltinglass (town, western Ireland) : Irish Bea-

lach ConglaisBaltisch-Port see PaldiskiBaltiysk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man PillauBaltiysky port see PaldiskiBaltser see 2KrasnoarmeyskBalykchy (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) :

1989–1992 Issyk-Kul’; to 1989 RussianRybach’ye

Banaba (island, western Kiribati) : alternateOcean Island

Banatski Karlovac (village, northern Serbia) :formerly RankoviWevo; to 1947 Karlovac

Banbridge (town, south central Northern Ire-land) : Irish Droichead na Banna

Bancroft (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada): to 1878 York River

Bancroft see ChililabombweBandar-e Abbas (city, southern Iran) : to 1622

English GombroonBandar-e Anzali (city, northwestern Iran) : to

1980 Bandar-e PahlaviBandar-e B¨shehr see B¨shehrBandar-e EmIm Khomeinn (city, southwestern

Iran) : to 1979 Bandar-e ShahpurBandar-e Pahlavi see Bandar-e AbzaliBandar-e Shah see Bandar-e TorkemanBandar-e Shahpur see Bandar-e EmIm Kho-

meinnBandar-e Torkeman (town, northern Iran) : to

1979 Bandar-e ShahBandar Maharani see MuarBandar Seri Begawan (city, northern Brunei) :

to 1970 Brunei TownBandon (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Droi-

chead na BandanBandundu (city, western Democratic Republic

of the Congo) : to 1966 French BanningvilleBanghIzn (city, northern Libya) : conventional

Benghazi; ancient Greek Berenice; earlier an-cient Greek Hesperides; alternate ancient GreekEuhesperides

Bangkok (city, central Thailand) : locally KrungThep (The city’s local name, traditionallytranslated “city of angels,” represents the firstpart of a famously lengthy full name.)

Bangladesh (republic, southern Asia) : 1947–1971 East Pakistan; to 1947 East Bengal

1Bangor (town, eastern Northern Ireland) : IrishBeannchar

2Bangor (city, Maine, northeastern UnitedStates) : 1787–1791 Sunbury; to 1787 Ken-duskeag Plantation

Bangor is-coed see Bangor-on-DeeBangor-on-Dee (village, northeastern Wales) :

Welsh Bangor is-coedBanias (village, southwestern Syria) : Roman and

biblical Caesarea Philippi; ancient Greek PaneasBanivs’ke see Slov’yanohirs’kBanjul (city, western Gambia) : to 1973 BathurstBankä (town, southeastern Azerbaijan) : 1939–

c.1940 Russian imeni Kirova; to 1939 imeniNarimanova

Banki see 1KrasnogorskBannack City see Idaho CityBannau Brycheiniog see Brecon BeaconsBanningville see BandunduBannovalium see HorncastleBannovsky see Slov’yanohirs’kBannu (town, north central Pakistan) : 1869–

1903 Edwardesabad; to 1869 Dalipnagar

Balkh 22

Banská Bystrica (town, central Slovakia) : to1918 Hungarian Besztercebánya; to 1867 Ger-man Neusohl

Banská ¶tiavnica (town, southern Slovakia) : to1918 Hungarian Selmecbánya; to 1867 GermanSchemnitz

Bantry (town, southwestern Ireland) : IrishBeanntraí

Banzart see BizertaBanzyville see Mobayi-MbongoBar (town, southwestern Montenegro) : formerly

Italian AntivariBarabhas see BarvasBaran (town, eastern Belarus) : c.1918–1920s

Russian Krasny Oktyabr’Baranavichy (city, western Belarus) : (Russian

Baranovichi); 1919–1939 Polish Baranowicze; to1918 Russian Baranovichi

Baranchinsky (town, west central Russia) : to1928 Baranchinsky Zavod

Baranchinsky Zavod see BaranchinskyBaranovichi see BaranavichyBaranowicze see BaranavichyBarão de Cocais (city, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 Morro GrandeBarbuda (island, eastern West Indies) : formerly

DulcinaBarbudo see El BancoBarca see Al MarjBarce see Al MarjBarcelona (city, northeastern Spain) : formerly

Barcinona; Roman Barcino (The full title ofthe Roman port city was Colonia Julia AugustaPaterna Barcino.)

Barcino see BarcelonaBarcinona see BarcelonaBarczewo (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German WartenburgBardejov (town, northeastern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Bártfa; to 1867 German BartfeldBardo (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German WarthaBardsey (island, western Wales) : Welsh Ynys

EnlliBardstown (town, Kentucky, east central United

States) : originally SalemBIrfurush see BIbolBar Harbor (town, Maine, northeastern United

States) : to 1918 EdenBari (city, southeastern Italy) : Roman BariumBarium see BariBar-le-Duc (town, northeastern France) : Me-

dieval Latin Castrum BarrumBarlinek (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German BerlinchenBarmen-Elberfeld see Wuppertal

Barmouth (town, western Wales) : WelshAbermo; alternate Welsh Y Bermo

Bärn see Moravskï BerounBarnsdall (town, Oklahoma, south central

United States) : to 1921 BigheartBaroda see VadodaraBarotseland see WesternBarra (island, Western Isles, northwestern Scot-

land) : Gaelic BarraighBarra Bonita see IbaitiBarracas al Sur see AvellanedaBarraigh see BarraBarre (town, Vermont, northeastern United

States) : originally WildersburghBarretts Cross see KensingtonBarrón Escandón see ApizacoBarry (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Y BarriBarstow (city, California, western United States)

: to 1886 Waterman Junction; originally Fish-pond

Bartang (village, southeastern Tajikistan) : toc.1935 Siponzh

Bartenstein see BartoszyceBártfa see BardejovBartfeld see BardejovBartholomew Island see MaloBartolo see BetanzosBartoszyce (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German BartensteinBarvas (village, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic BarabhasBärwalde see BarwiceBarwice (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German BärwaldeBaryshnikovo see 1KrasnogorskoyeBasarabeasca (town, southern Moldova) : (Rus-

sian Bessarabka); formerly Russian RomanovkaBasargechar see VardenisBasel (city, northern Switzerland) : conventional

English Basle; French Bâle; Italian Basilea;Roman Basilea; earlier Roman Robur (Englishgenerally uses the German form of the name,although older French Basle was long currentand the spelling Basil also existed. The city iscapital of, and virtually coextensive with, thedemicanton of Basel-Stadt.)

Basel-Landschaft (demicanton, northernSwitzerland) : French Bâle-Campagne (Thedemicanton was formed in 1833 by the divi-sion of Basel canton into two half-cantons.)

Basel-Stadt (demicanton, northern Switzerland): French Bâle-Ville (The demicanton wasformed in 1833 by the division of Basel cantoninto two half-cantons.)

Bashanta see GorodovikovskBashkicheti see Dmanisi

23 Bashkicheti

Bashkiria see BashkortostanBashkortostan (republic, western Russia) : to

1991 BashkiriaBashtanka (town, southern Ukraine) : to c.1930

PoltavkaBasil see BaselBasilea see BaselBasilicata (region, southern Italy) : Roman Luca-

niaBasle see Basel1Basque Country (region, northern Spain) :

[Spanish País Vasco; Basque Euskadi] (TheRoman region of Vasconia gave the Spanishname of this region as well as that of Gascony,France, and ultimately the word Basque itself.Cp. 2Basque Country.)

2Basque Country (region, southwestern France): [French Pays Basque] (Unlike Spain’s 1BasqueCountry, which is both a historical region andan autonomous community, the French regionis cultural only.)

Basses-Alpes see Alpes-de-Haute-ProvenceBasses-Pyrénées see Pyrénées-AtlantiquesBassett-town see 2WashingtonBassopiano Orientale see MassawaBastenaken see BastogneBasti see BazaBastogne (town, southeastern Belgium) : Flem-

ish BastenakenBasutoland see LesothoBatalhão see TaperoáBatalpashinsk see CherkesskBatalpashinskaya see CherkesskBatavia see JakartaBatbakkara see Amangeldy1Bath (city, southwestern England) : Medieval

Latin Bathonia; Roman Aquae Sulis; alternateRoman Aquae Calidae

2Bath (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :to 1812 Ernestown

Bath see Berkeley SpringsBathonia see 1BathBathurst (town, New Brunswick, eastern

Canada) : to 1826 St. Peters; originally Nepisi-guit

Bathurst see BanjulBathurst Inlet (village, Nunavut, northern

Canada) : alternate Inuit QingaqBatken (town, western Kyrgyzstan) : to 1945

Batken-BuzhumBatken-Buzhum see BatkenBatna (city, northeastern Algeria) : to 1849

French Nouvelle-LambèseBat’ovany see PartizánskeBat Yam (city, west central Israel) : to 1936 Bayit

veGan

Baudens see BelarbiBaudouinville see MobaBauerwitz see BaborówBauman see ShofirkonBaumanabad see PanjBausk see BauskaBauska (town, southern Latvia) : to 1918 Russian

BauskBauyrzhan Momyshuly (town, southern Kaza-

khstan) : formerly Russian BurnoyeBauzanum see BolzanoBavaria (state, southern Germany) : [German

Bayern]Baxt (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : to 1963 Rus-

sian VelikoalekseyevskyBayan Tumen see ChoybalsanBayern see BavariaBayeux (town, northwestern France) : Roman

Augustodurum; Celtic BajocassesBayganin (village, west central Kazakhstan) :

formerly KaraulkeldyBayhead (village, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic Ceann a BhaighBayit veGan see Bat YamBaykadam see SaudakentBaykonur see BaykonyrBaykonyr (town, south central Kazakhstan) :

(Russian Baykonur); formerly Russian Leninsk(The town is the site of the Soviet space-launch complex, which for purposes of disin-formation borrowed the name of anotherBaykonyr, 220 miles to the northeast, nearZhezkazgan.)

Bayley’s Reward see CoolgardieBaymak (town, west central Russia) : to 1944

Baymak-TanalykovoBaymak-Tanalykovo see Baymak1Bayonne (town, southwestern France) : Roman

Lapurdum2Bayonne (city, New Jersey, northeastern United

States) : to 1869 Konstable HoeckBayrak see Kalinins’kBayram-Ali see BayramalyBayramaly (city, southeastern Turkmenistan) :

formerly Bayram-AliBayr¨t see BeirutBayt La∏m see BethlehemBaza (city, southern Spain) : Roman BastiBazarcik see DobrichBazargic see DobrichBazin see PezinokBeaconsfield (town, Victoria, southeastern Aus-

tralia) : to 1879 Brandy CreekBealach Conglais see BaltinglassBéal an Átha see BallinaBéal an Mhuirthead see Belmullet

Bashkiria 24

Béal Átha na Muice see SwinfordBéal Átha na Sluaighe see BallinasloeBéal Átha Seanaidh see BallyshannonBéal Feirste see BelfastBéal na mBuillí see StrokestownBéal Tairbirt see BelturbetBeannchar see 1BangorBeanntraí see BantryBeaucaire (town, southern France) : Medieval

Latin Belli Quadrum; Roman UgernumBeaufort (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

CendlBeaufort see Montmorency-BeaufortBeaumaris (town, northwestern Wales) : Welsh

BiwmaresBeaumont (city, Texas, southern United States) :

to 1835 Tevis BluffBeaune (town, east central France) : Roman BelnaBeauvais (town, northern France) : Roman

Bellovacum; earlier Roman CaesaromagusBeaver River see BeavertonBeaverton (village, Ontario, southeastern Can-

ada) : to 1928 Beaver RiverBeVej (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941–

1944 Hungarian Óbecse (The town was alsoknown as Stari BeVej, “Old BeVej,” matchingthe former Hungarian name.)

Béchar (town, western Algeria) : to c.1962French Colomb-Béchar

Bechuanaland see BotswanaBécs see ViennaBeda Littoria see Sidi RafaBedeau see Ras el MaBedford (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :

formerly Stanbridge FallsBedloe’s Island see Liberty IslandBednodem’yanovsk (town, western Russia) : to

1925 SpasskBddzin (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945

German Bendsburg; to 1915 Russian BendinBeekmanton see Sleepy HollowBeeroth see Al BnrahBeersheba (town, southern Israel) : [Hebrew

Be’er Sheva‘; Arabic Bnr as-Saba‘ ]Be’er Sheva’ see BeershebaBeeson’s Town see UniontownBeeton (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1878 ClarksvilleBegovat see BekobodBehshahr (town, northern Iran) : to mid–1930s

AshrafBei-alan see SmirnenskiBeijing (city, northeastern China) : formerly

conventional Peking; 1368–1403, 1928–1949Peiping; 13th century Khanbalik (conventionalCambaluc); earlier Yen

Beinn na Faoghla see BenbeculaBeirut (city, western Lebanon) : [Arabic Bayr¨t];

formerly French Beyrouth; Roman Berytus(The city was captured by the French in 1918in a campaign against Turkey.)

Beit Guvrin (kibbutz, western Israel) : ancientGreek Eleutheropolis

Beitsch see BieczBeja (city, southern Portugal) : Roman Pax JuliaBéja (town, northern Tunisia) : Roman VaccaBejaïa (city, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962

French Bougie; Roman SaldaeBekabad see BekobodBek-Budi see QarshiBekobod (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian

Bekabad); to 1964 BegovatBela Aliança see Rio do SulBela-Bela (town, northern South Africa) :

1920–2002 Warmbad (alternate EnglishWarmbaths); to 1920 Hartingsburg

Bela Crkva (town, eastern Serbia) : to 1918 Hun-garian Fehértemplom; to 1867 German Weiss-kirchen

Bela Palanka (town, southeastern Serbia) : to1878 Turkish Akpalanka

Bfilá pod Bezdfizem (town, western Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Weiss-wasser

Belarbi (village, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962French Baudens

Belarus (republic, eastern Europe) : to 1991 Be-lorussia [Russian Belorossiya]; earlier Englishtraditional White Russia

Bela Slatina see Byala SlatinaBelavezha see Biaùowie∞aBela Vista see EchaporãBelaya Kalitva (city, western Russia) : to 1941

Ust’-BelokalitvenskayaBelaya Padleskaya see Biaùa PodlaskaBelaya Podlyashskaya see Biaùa PodlaskaBelaya Tserkov’ see Bila TserkvaBelém (city, northern Brazil) : alternate ParáBelém see PalmeiraisBelerium see Land’s EndBelfast (city, eastern Northern Ireland) : Irish

Béal FeirsteBelfast see Port FairyBelgard see BiaùogardBelgian Congo see Congo, Democratic Re-

public of theBelgië see BelgiumBelgique see BelgiumBelgium (kingdom, northwestern Europe) :

[Flemish België; French Belgique]; to 1830Spanish Netherlands

Belgoray see Biùgoraj

25 Belgoray

Belgorod see Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyyBelgorod-Dnestrovsky see Bilhorod-Dnistro-

vs’kyyBelgrade (city, central Serbia) : [Serbo-Croat

Beograd ]; Roman SingidunumBelhaven see 2AlexandriaBeligrad see BeratBelingwe see MberengwaBelinsky (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1948

ChembarBelize (country, northeastern Central America) :

1840–1971 British HondurasBella Unión (city, northwestern Uruguay) : to

1930s Santa RosaBella Vista (town, southern Mexico) : to 1934

San Pedro RemateBelle-Anse (town, southern Haiti) : formerly

SaltrouBelle Glade (town, Florida, southeastern United

States) : to 1921 Hillsborough Canal SettlementBellehaven see ArlingtonBelleville (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1816 Meyers’ CreekBellingham (city, Washington, northwestern

United States) : to 1903 Whatcom (The citywas formed when Whatcom merged with threeother communities.)

Bellingshausen Island see Motu OneBelli Quadrum see BeaucaireBellovacum see BeauvaisBell Rock (island, eastern Scotland) : alternate

Inchcape Rock (The alternate name was popu-larized by Robert Southey’s 1802 ballad “TheInchcape Rock.” See also Arbroath.)

Belluno (city, northeastern Italy) : Roman Bel-lunum

Bellunum see BellunoBelmeken see KolarovBelmonte see KuitoBelmullet (town, western Ireland) : Irish Béal an

MhuirtheadBelna see BeauneBelogorsk (city, eastern Russia) : 1935–1957

Kuybyshevka-Vostochnaya; 1931–1935 Krasno-partizansk; 1926–1931 Aleksandrovsk; 1860–1926 Bochkarevo

Belogorsk see Bilohirs’kBelogor’ye see BilohiryaBelo Horizonte (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1901

Cidade de MinasBelokamensk see InkermanBelolutsk see Biloluts’kBelolutskaya see Biloluts’kBelomorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to

1938 SorokaBelorossiya see Belarus

Belorussia see BelarusBeloretsk (town, west central Russia) : to 1923

Beloretsky ZavodBeloretsky Zavod see BeloretskBeloshchel’ye see Nar’yan-MarBelostok see BiaùystokBelotsarsk see KyzylBelovár see BjelovarBelovezha see Biaùowie∞aBelovo see ZemenBelovodsk see Bilovods’kBelovodskoye see Bilovods’kBelsk see Bielsk PodlaskiBel’tsy see BQl´iBelturbet (town, northern Ireland) : Irish Béal

TairbirtBely Bychek see ChagodaBely Klyuch see Krasny KlyuchBelyye Kresty see SazonovoBelyye Vody see 2AksuBeman’s Corners see NewmarketBenacus see GardaBenares see VaranasiBenbecula (island, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic Beinn na FaoghlaBend (city, Oregon, western United States) :

originally Farewell BendBender see TighinaBendery see TighinaBendigo (city, Victoria, southeastern Australia) :

to 1891 SandhurstBendin see BddzinBendix see TeterboroughBendsburg see BddzinBeneditinos (town, northeastern Brazil) : to

1944 São BeneditoBenefactor see 1San JuanBeneschau see (1) Bene§ov; (2) Dolní Bene§ovBene§ov (town, central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German BeneschauBenevento (city, southern Italy) : Roman Ben-

eventum; earlier Roman MaleventumBeneventum see BeneventoBenghazi see BanghIznBenin (country, western Africa) : to 1975 Da-

homeyBennachie (upland area, northeastern Scotland) :

Roman Graupius Mons (The Roman name hasbeen spuriously connected with the Grampianmountains in this part of Scotland.)

Ben Slimane (town, northwestern Morocco) :formerly French Boulhaut

Bentinck see 3DurhamBenton Harbor (town, Michigan, north central

United States) : originally Brunson HarborBentschen see ZbRszyü

Belgorod 26

Beograd see BelgradeBerane (town, eastern Montenegro) : 1949–1992

IvangradBérard see Aïn TagouritBerat (town, south central Albania) : Medieval

Slavonic Beligrad; ancient Greek AntipatriaBeraun see BerounBerdichev see BerdychivBerdyansk see Berdyans’kBerdyans’k (city, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Berdyansk); 1939–1958 Osypenko (RussianOsipenko)

Berdychiv (city, west central Ukraine) : (RussianBerdichev); to 1918 Russian Berdichev

Berea see VéroiaBeregovo see BerehoveBeregovoy (village, eastern Russia) : formerly

KharinoBeregszász see BerehoveBerehove (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian Bere-

govo); 1944–1945 Czech Berehovo; 1938–1945Hungarian Beregszász; 1919–1938 Czech Bere-hovo; to 1918 German Sächsisch-Bereg

Berehovo see BerehoveBerenice see BanghIznBerenicia see PrévezaBerent see Ko¢cierzynaBereza Kartuska see ByarozaBerezanka (town, southern Ukraine) : to c.1960

Tylyhulo-Berezanka (Russian Tiligulo-Berezanka)Berezhany (town, western Ukraine) : 1919–1939

Polish Brze∞anyBereznik (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1962

SemyonovskoyeBerezniki (town, western Russia) : to 1933

Usol’ye-SolikamskoyeBergama (town, western Turkey) : Roman Perga-

mum; ancient Greek PergamonBergamo (city, northern Italy) : Roman Bergo-

mumBergen (city, southwestern Norway) : originally

BjørgvinBergen see MonsBergen Iron Works see 1LakewoodBergomum see BergamoBergreichenstein see Ka§perské HoryBergstadt see Le§nicaBergytown see HespelerBerkeley Springs (town, West Virginia, east

central United States) : formerly (and stillofficially) Bath

Berkovets see Kotsyubyns’keBerkovets’ see Kotsyubyns’keBerlengas see Valença do Piauí1Berlin (town, Connecticut, northeastern United

States) : to 1785 Kensington

2Berlin (town, New Hampshire, northeasternUnited States) : to 1821 Maynesborough

Berlin see KitchenerBerlinchen see BarlinekBermuda (island group, northwestern Atlantic) :

formerly English Somers IslandsBern (city, west central Switzerland) : French

Berne; Italian Berna (English generally prefersthe German form of the name, although theFrench form is sometimes used alternately.)

Berna see BernBernardsville (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1840 VealtownBerne see BernBernolákovo (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to

1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian CseklészBernstadt see BierutówBernstein see PeùczyceBeroea see AleppoBeroun (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German BeraunBerrahal (village, northeastern Algeria) : for-

merly Aïn MokraBerriam see KewaneeBertolínia (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

AparacidaBertys see BalkhashBeruniy (town, western Uzbekistan) : to 1958

ShabbazBerwyn see Gene AutryBeryoza see ByarozaBerytus see BeirutBesançon (city, eastern France) : Roman VesontioBeshariq (town, western Uzbekistan) :

c.1940–1983 Russian Kirovo; 1937–c.1940 Rus-sian imeni Kirova

Bessarabka see BasarabeascaBeszterce see Bistri´aBesztercebánya see Banská BystricaBetanzos (town, southeastern Bolivia) : to 1900s

BartoloBethany see Al-‘AyzarnyahBethlehem (city, south central West Bank) :

[Arabic Bayt La∏m]Beth-shemesh see HeliopolisBet She’an (town, northeastern Israel) : ancient

Greek ScythopolisBettendorf (city, Iowa, north central United

States) : to 1902 LilienthalBeuthen see BytomBeuvray, Mont (mountain, east central France) :

Roman Bibracte (The Roman name was that ofa hill fort here, the original capital of theAedui, a Celtic people, who later moved toAugustodunum, modern Autun.)

Beverly see Beverly Hills

27 Beverly

Beverly Hills (city, California, western UnitedStates) : 1906–1914 Beverly; to 1906 RanchoRodeo de las Aguas

Beverwyck see 1AlbanyBewcastle (hamlet, northern England) : Roman

Fanum Cocidi (The assignment of the Romanname to this particular location is tentative butmade on plausible grounds.)

Beyläqan (town, southern Azerbaijan) : to 1989Russian Zhdanovsk

Beyrouth see BeirutBeyuk-Vedi see VediBezdru±ice (village, western Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German WeseritzBezhitsa (town, western Russia) : 1936–1943 Or-

dzhonikidzegrad (The town was incorporatedinto the city of Bryansk in 1956.)

Béziers (city, southern France) : Roman Baeter-rae

Bezmer (village, southeastern Bulgaria) : to 1934Turkish Khamzoren

Bhadgaon (town, central Nepal) : formerlyBhaktapur

Bhaktapur see BhadgaonBhIrat see IndiaBhatner see HanumangarhBhutan (kingdom, southeastern Asia) : local (Ti-

betan) Druk-Yul (The local name gave thecountry’s English byname “Land of theDragon.”)

Biafra, Bight of (western Africa) : alternate Bightof Bonny

Biaùa (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945German Zülz

Biaùa Piska (town, northeastern Poland) : 1938–1945 German Bialla; to 1938 German Gehlen-burg

Biaùa Podlaska (town, eastern Poland) : 1939–1941 Belarussian Belaya Padleskaya; to 1918Russian Belaya Podlyashskaya

Bialla see Biaùa PiskaBiaùogard (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German BelgardBiaùowie∞a (village, eastern Poland) : 1939–1941

Belarussian Belavezha; to 1915 Russian Belo-vezha

Biaùy Bór (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Baldenburg

Biaùy Kamieü (town, southwestern Poland) : to1945 German Weiss-stein

Bialystok see BiaùystokBiaùystok (city, northeastern Poland) : 1941–1944

German Bialystok; 1939–1941 Russian Belostok;1795–1807 German Bialystok

Biarritz (town, southwestern France) : [BasqueMiarritze]

Bibala (town, southwestern Angola) : to c.1979Portuguese Vila Arriaga

Bibracte see Beuvray, MontBibrka (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Bo-

brka); to 1939 Polish BóbrkaBiddeford see SacoBiecz (town, southeastern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man BeitschBiel (city, northwestern Switzerland) : French Bi-

enneBielau see PilawaBielawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German LangenbielauBielitz see BielskoBielsko (town, southern Poland) : to 1919, 1939–

1945 German Bielitz (In 1950 Bielsko unitedwith Biaùa to form the city of Bielsko-Biaùa.)

Bielsk Podlaski (town, northeastern Poland) :1807–1915 Russian Belsk

Bienne see BielBierry-les-Belles-Fontaines (village, north cen-

tral France) : 1738–1882 AnstrudeBierutów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German BernstadtBig Boiling Springs see RussellvilleBig Bull Falls see WausauBig Glades see WiseBigheart see BarnsdallBight of Biafra see Biafra, Bight ofBig Lick see RoanokeBig St. Joseph Station see South BendBihaW (town, western Bosnia-Herzegovina) : to

1878 Turkish BihkehBihkeh see BihaWBikini (atoll, central Marshall Islands) : formerly

Eschscholtz IslandBiläsuvar (town, southeastern Azerbaijan) : for-

merly Russian PushkinoBila Tserkva (town, northern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Belaya Tserkov’); to 1918 Russian BelayaTserkov’; to 1155 Russian Yur’yev

BileWa (town, southern Bosnia-Herzegovina) : to1878 Turkish Bilek

Bilek see BileWaBiùhoraj (town, eastern Poland) : to 1915 Russian

BelgorayBilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy (city, southern

Ukraine) : (Russian Belgorod-Dnestrovsky);1940–1944 Russian Belgorod; 1918–1940 Ro-manian Cetatea AlbQ; 1812–1918 Russian Belgo-rod; 1484–1812 Turkish Akkerman; ancientGreek Tyras

Bilimbay (town, west central Russia) : to 1929Bilimbayevsky Zavod

Bilimbayevsky Zavod see BilibayBilin see Bílina

Beverly Hills 28

Bílina (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1938–1945 German Bilin

Billings see MonettBilohirs’k (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian

Belogorsk); to 1944 KarasubazarBilohirya (town, west central Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Belogor’ye); to 1946 Lyakhivtsi (RussianLyakhovtsy)

Bilokam’yans’k see InkermanBiloluts’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Be-

lolutsk); to 1927 Biloluts’ka (Russian Belolut-skaya)

Biloluts’ka see Biloluts’kBílovec (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German WagstadtBilovods’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Belovodsk); to 1937 Bilovods’ke (RussianBelovodskoye)

Bilovods’ke see Bilovods’kBindloe Island see Marchena, IslaBinghamton (city, New York, northeastern

United States) : originally Chenango PointBinn Éadair see HowthBiograd na Moru (town, southern Croatia) : to

1918 Italian ZaravecchiaBioko (island, northwestern Equatorial Guinea)

1973–1979 Macías Nguema Biyogo; 1494–1973Fernando Po; earlier Portuguese Formosa

Biorra see BirrBipontium see ZweibrückenBirgu see VittoriosaBirkat QIr¨n (lake, northern Egypt) : ancient

Greek Lake Moeris (The present lake is smallerin size than the original, whose ancient Egypt-ian name means “big lake.”)

Bir Mogreïn (town, northern Mauritania) : toc.1958 French Fort-Trinquet

Birnbaum see MiddzychódBirobidzhan (city, southeastern Russia) : to 1928

Tikhon’kayaBirr (town, central Ireland) : Irish Biorra; for-

merly English ParsonstownBnr as-Saba‘ see BeershebaBiruintsa see ßtefan VodQBiryuch see 1KrasnogvardeyskoyeBiryusinsk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1987

SuyetikhaBir±ai (town, northern Lithuania) : (Russian

Birzhay); to 1918 Russian BirzhiBirzhay see Bir±aiBirzhi see Bir±aiBirzula see Kotovs’kBisanthe see TekirdagBiscari see AcateBiscay, Bay of (western France/northern Spain) :

French Golfe de Gascogne; Spanish Golfo de

Vizcaya; Roman Mare Cantabricum (Englishprefers to name the bay for the Spanish prov-ince of Vizcaya; French for the French prov-ince of Gascony. The Roman name relates tothe modern Spanish province of Cantabria.Geographers point out that the English namegenerally covers a larger stretch of waterthan the French or Spanish.)

Bischoflack see ¶kofja LokaBischofsburg see BiskupiceBischofstal see UjazdBischofstein see BisztynekBischofteinitz see Hor§ovskï Tï nBisert (town, west central Russia) : to 1942

Bisertsky ZavodBisertsky Zavod see BisertBishkek (city, northern Kyrgyzstan) : 1926–

1991 Russian Frunze; 1862–1926 Russian Pish-pek

Bishopston (village, southern Wales) : WelshLlandeilo Ferwallt

Biskupice (town, southeastern Poland) : to 1945German Bischofsburg

Biskupiec (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Bischofswerder

Bismarck (city, North Dakota, northern UnitedStates) : to 1873 Camp Hancock; earlier CampGreeley; originally Crossing on the Missouri

Bismarckburg see KasangaBistri´a (city, north central Romania) : 1940–

1944 Hungarian Beszterce; to 1867 GermanBistritz

Bistritz see Bistri´aBisztynek (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German BischofsteinBitola (city, southern Macedonia) : to 1913 Turk-

ish MonastirBitonto (town, southeastern Italy) : Roman Bu-

tuntumBitterne (village, southern England) : Roman

Clausentum (The Roman name has also beenapplied to the village of Wickham, 6 miles tothe west, but the coastal site, with its historicnaval base, is the traditional one. Bitterne isnow a suburb of Southampton.)

Bituricum see BourgesBiwmares see BeaumarisBiyuk-Onlar see Oktyabrs’keBizerta (city, northern Tunisia) : alternate Ban-

zart; Roman Hippo Zarytus, earlier RomanHippo Diarrhytus

Bjelovar (town, central Croatia) : to 1918 Hun-garian Belovár

Bjørgvin see BergenBjörkö see 2PrimorskBjörneborg see Pori

29 Björneborg

Blachownia (town, southern Poland) : to 1945German Blechhammer

Black Forest (wooded region, western Germany): [German Schwarzwald ]

Black Mountain (southern Wales) : Welsh YMynydd Du (The range lies to the west of theBlack Mountains, which partly extend intoEngland.)

Black Mountains (southeastern Wales) : WelshMynydd Du (The Welsh name translates as“Black Mountain,” and a plural equivalent, YMynyddoedd Duon, is sometimes found.)

Black River (southwestern China/northern Viet-nam) : Vietnamese Song Da; Chinese Hei Chi-ang

Black River see LorainBlackrock (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish An

Charraig DhubhBlack Sea (southern Europe) : former alternate

English Euxine Sea; Roman Pontus EuxinusBlackwell’s Island see Roosevelt IslandBlackwood (town, southern Wales) : Welsh

Coed-duonBlaenavon (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Blaenafon; formerly often English BlenavonBlaendulais see Seven SistersBlagoevgrad (town, southwestern Bulgaria) :

to 1950 Gorna Dzhumaya; to 1913 TurkishCuma

Blagoveshchensk (town, west central Russia) : to1942 Blagoveshchensky Zavod

Blagoveshchensky Zavod see BlagoveshchenskBlaj (town, central Romania) : to 1918 Hungar-

ian Balázsfalva; to 1867 German BlasendorfBlakang Mati see SentosaBlakelytown see ArkadelphiaBlaketown see GreymouthBlanco see LuperónBlarney (village, southern Ireland) : Irish An

BhlarnaBlasendorf see BlajBlatna see BlatnáBlatná (town, southwestern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German BlatnaBlechhammer see BlachowniaBled (town, northwestern Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1945 German VeldesBlenavon see Blaenavon1Blenheim (village, southern Germany) : Ger-

man Blindheim (The English name is famedfor the battle of 1704 in which the English andAustrians defeated the French and Bavarians inthe War of the Spanish Succession. Germansusually know the battle as Höchstadt.)

2Blenheim (town, Ontario, southeasternCanada) : formerly Rondeau

Blessington (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish BaileCoimín

Blestium see MonmouthBlindheim see 1BlenheimBloemfontein (city, south central South Africa) :

[Sotho Mangaung]Bloom see Chicago Heights1Bloomfield (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1835 Wintonbury2Bloomfield (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1796 WardsessonBlooming Grove see BloomingtonBloomington (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1831 Blooming Grove; originally KegGrove

Bloomington see MuscatineBloomsburg (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to 1870 EyertownBluefields see ZelayaBlue Nile (river, southern Sudan) : [Arabic Ba∏r

al-Azraq]Bluff (town, southern New Zealand) : formerly

Port MacquarieBluffs see 1QuincyBlumenau see StettlerBlyukherovo see 2LeninskoyeBoa Esperança (town, southeastern Brazil) : to

1940 Dores da Boa EsperançaBoa Esperança see (1) Boa Esperança do Sul;

(2) EsperantinaBoa Esperança do Sul (town, southeastern

Brazil) : to 1944 Boa EsperançaBoat Yard see KingsportBoa Vista see (1) Erechim; (2) TocantinópolisBobolice (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German BublitzBobriki see NovomoskovskBobrka see BibrkaBóbrka see BibrkaBobruysk see BabruyskBocâina (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1938 São

João da BocâinaBocaiúva see (1) Bocaiúva do Sul; (2) MacatubaBocaiúva do Sul (town, southern Brazil) : 1944–

1948 Imbuial; to 1944 BocaiúvaBochkarevo see BelogorskBod see TibetBodenbach see PodmoklyBodensee see Constance, LakeBodincomagus see Casale MonferratoBodrum (town, southwestern Turkey) : ancient

Greek HalicarnassusBogatynia (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German ReichenauBoghari see Ksar el BoukhariBogodukhovka see Chkalovo

Blachownia 30

Bogomdarovanny see KommunarBogomolstroy see Krasnoural’skBogor (city, southern Indonesia) : to 1945 Dutch

BuitenzorgBogorodsk see (1) Kamskoye Ust’ye; (2) No-

ginskBogorodskoye see 1LeninskoyeBogoslovsk see KarpinskBogotá (city, central Colombia) : formerly Span-

ish (and still official) Santa Fé de Bogotá; earlierSanta Fé de Bacatá

Bogoyavlensk see 1ZhovtneveBogoyavlenskoye see 1PervomayskyBogumin see BohumínBoguszów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German GottesbergBo Hai (gulf, eastern China) : alternate Gulf of

ChihliBohemia (historic kingdom, central Europe) :

[German Böhmen; Czech Techy] (Bohemianow occupies the west and center of the CzechRepublic, Moravia the eastern part.)

Bohemian Forest (southeastern Germany/south-western Czech Republic) : [German Böhmer-wald; Czech Teskï Les]

Böhmen see BohemiaBöhmerwald see Bohemian ForestBöhmisch-Brod see Teskï BrodBöhmisch-Kamnitz see Teská KameniceBöhmisch-Krumau see Teskï KrumovBöhmisch-Leipa see Teská LípaBöhmisch-Skalitz see Teská SkaliceBöhmisch-Trübau see Teská T†ebováBohoyavlens’ke see 1ZhovtneveBohumín (town, eastern Czech Republic) :

1939–1945 German Oderberg; 1918–1919,1938–1939 Polish Bogumin; to 1918 GermanOderberg

Boiling Springs see RutherfordBois-le-Duc see ’s-HertogenboschBoissevain (village, Manitoba, central Canada) :

to 1886 Cherry CreekBojodurum see PassauBokovo-Antratsit see AntratsytBokovo-Antratsyt see AntratsytBoldumsaz (town, northern Turkmenistan) :

formerly Kalinin; to 1936 PorsyBolesùawiec (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German BunzlauBoleszkowice (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German FürstenfeldeBolgar (town, western Russia) : 1935–1991 Kuy-

byshev; 1926–1935 Spassk-Tatarsky; to 1926Spassk

Bolívar, Cerro (mountain, eastern Venezuela) :to 1948 La Parida

Bolivia (republic, west central South America) :to 1825 Upper Peru

Bolkenhain see BolkówBolków (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German BolkenhainBolnisi (town, southern Georgia) : 1936–1943

Lyuksemburgi; 1921–1936 Lyuksemburg; to 1921Yekaterinofeld

Bologhine (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962French St.-Eugène (The town is now a suburbof Algiers.)

Bologna (city, northern Italy) : Roman Bononia;Etruscan Felsina

Bolsena (town, central Italy) : Roman VolsiniiBol’shakovo (village, western Russia) : 1938–

1945 German Kreuzingen; to 1938 GermanGross-Skaisgirren

Bol’shaya Garmanda see EvenskBol’shaya Martynovka (village, western Russia) :

to c.1944 MartynovkaBol’shaya Seydemenukha see Kalinins’keBolshevik see Sveta AnastasiyaBol’shevo (town, western Russia) : 1928–mid–

1950s StalinskyBol’shiye Arabuzy see 4PervomayskoyeBol’shiye Soli see NekrasovskoyeBol’shoy Kosheley see 2Komsomol’skoyeBol’shoy Tokmak see TokmakBol’shoy Yanisol’ see Velyka NovosilkaBolton see StonefortBolzano (town, northern Italy) : to 1918 German

Bozen; Roman BauzanumBombay see MumbaiBombon, Lake see Taal, LakeBom Jardim (city, southeastern Brazil) : 1944–

1948 VergelBom Jardim see Bom Jardim de MinasBom Jardim de Minas (town, southeastern

Brazil) : to 1944 Bom JardimBomst see BabimostBonaparte see RéunionBondyuzhsky see MendeleyevskBône see AnnabaBonfim see (1) Senhor do Bonfim; (2) Silvâ-

niaBonin Islands (western Pacific) : Japanese Oga-

sawara-gunto (The islands belong to Japan butwere under United States administration from1945 to 1968.)

Bonna (city, western Germany) : Roman BonnaBonna see BonnBonny, Bight of see Biafra, Bight ofBononia see (1) Bologna; (2) Boulogne;

(3) VidinBonvilston (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Tresimwn

31 Bonvilston

Boone (town, Iowa, north central United States): to 1871 Montana

Boothia Felix see Boothia PeninsulaBoothia Peninsula (Nunavut, northern Canada)

: formerly Boothia FelixBorbetomagus see WormsBorchalo see MarneuliBorcovicium see HousesteadsBorda do Campo see São Bernardo do CampoBordeaux (city, southeastern France) : Roman

BurdigalaBorden (village, Prince Edward Island, eastern

Canada) : to 1916 Carleton PointBordentown (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : originally Farnsworth’s LandingBorders see Scottish BordersBordj el Kiffan (town, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French Fort-de-l’EauBordj Omar Driss (town, east central Algeria) :

to c.1962 French Fort-FlattersBorgå see PorvooBorgh see BorveBorgo San Donnino see FidenzaBorgonovo see Su§akBorgotaro see Borgo Val di TaroBorgo Val di Taro (town, north central Italy) : to

c.1930 BorgotaroBorgworm see WaremmeBorinquén see Puerto RicoBorislav see BoryslavBorisoglebsk see DaugavpilsBorisoglebskiye Slobody see BorisoglebskyBorisoglebsky (town, western Russia) : to 1962

Borisoglebskiye SlobodyBorisovgrad see P≠rvomayBorjas Blancas (town, northeastern Spain) :

Catalan Les Borges BlanquesBorjom see BorjomiBorjomi (city, central Georgia) : to 1936 BorjomBorovsk (town, west central Russia) : to 1949

Ust’-Borovaya (The town is now part of thecity of Solikamsk.)

Borshchev see BorshchivBorshchiv (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Borshchev); to 1939 Polish BorszczówBorszczów see BorshchivBor u Teské Lípy see Novï BorBorve (village, Western Isles, northwestern Scot-

land) : Gaelic Borgh (The Gaelic name is thatof villages in the Isle of Lewis and on Barra. Athird Borve in Harris has the Gaelic name NaBuirgh. The name itself is of Scandinavian ori-gin and means simply “fort.”)

Boryslav (city, western Ukraine) : (RussianBorislav); to 1939 Polish Borysùaw

Borysùaw see Boryslav

Borysthenes see DnieperBosanski Brod (town, northern Bosnia-Herze-

govina) : to 1878 Turkish BrodBosanski Novi (town, northwestern Bosnia-

Herzegovina) : to 1878 Turkish NoviBoscawen Island see NiuatoputopuBoshnyakovo (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–

1945 Japanese Nishi-shakutanBösing see PezinokBoskovice (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German BoskowitzBoskowitz see BoskoviceBosna i Hercegovina see Bosnia-HerzegovinaBosna-Saray see SarajevoBosnia-Herzegovina (republic, southeastern Eu-

rope) : [Serbo-Croat Bosna i Hercegovina]Bosphorus see BosporusBosporus (strait, northwestern Turkey) : alter-

nate Bosphorus (The spelling of the alternatename is irregular, as the origin is in Greek-poros, “passage,” not -phoros, “bearing.” ThisBosporus, connecting the Black Sea with theSea of Marmara, was known in full as BosporusThracius, “Thracian Bosporus,” as distinctfrom the Bosporus Cimmerius, “CimmerianBosporus,” now Kerch Strait, between theBlack Sea and the Sea of Azov.)

Bosquet see HadjadjBossier City (city, Louisiana, southern United

States) : originally Cane’s LandingBoston see ManhattanBotevgrad (city, western Bulgaria) : to 1934

Orkhaniye; to 1878 Turkish OrhanieBotev Peak (central Bulgaria) : to 1950 Turkish

Yumrukchal; earlier Ferdinandov VrukhBotswana (republic, southern Africa) : to 1966

BechuanalandBottle Hill see MadisonBoufatis (village, northwestern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French St.-LouisBougaa (village, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French LafayetteBougie see BejaiaBoulder Dam see Hoover DamBoulhaut see Ben SlimaneBoulogne (city, northern France) : Roman

Bononia; earlier Roman Gesoriacum (The city’sfull name is Boulogne-sur-Mer, as distinct fromBoulogne-Billancourt, a suburb of Paris.)

Bountiful (city, Utah, western United States) : to1855 Sessions’ Settlement

Bourbon see RéunionBourbontown see 2ParisBourbon-Vendée see La Roche-sur-YonBourges (city, central France) : Roman AvaricumBourg-Léopold see Leopoldsburg

Boone 32

Bourg-Madame (village, southern France) : to1815 La Guingette

Bourgogne see BurgundyBourg Royal see CharlesbourgBourne (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1884 MonumentBous (town, southwestern Germany) : 1936–

1945 BussBovec (village, northwestern Slovenia) : 1919–

1947 Italian Plezzo; to 1918 German FlitschBovium see CowbridgeBowditch Island see TokelauBowes (town, northeastern England) : Roman

LavatrisBox Elder see Brigham CityBoykovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese KataokaBoyle (town, north central Ireland) : Irish Main-

istir na BúilleBoyoma Falls (north central Democratic Re-

public of the Congo) : to 1972 StanleyFalls

Bozcaada (island, western Turkey) : ancientGreek Tenedos

Boz Dag (mountain, western Turkey) : ancientGreek Tmolus

Bozeman (city, northwestern United States) :originally Missouri

Bozen see BolzanoBozhedarivka see Shchors’kBozhedarovka see Shchors’kBozhidar see (1) Kaolinovo; (2) RozinoBo±í Dar (village, northwestern Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1939–1945 German GottesgabBracara Augusta see BragaBradford (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to 1873 LittletonBraga (city, northwestern Portugal) : Roman

Bracara AugustaBragança (town, northeastern Portugal) : tradi-

tional English Braganza; Roman Brigantia(The English spelling is associated with theroyal house that ruled Portugal from 1640 to1910 and also Brazil, as a Portuguese colony,from 1822 to 1889.)

Bragança see Bragança PaulistaBragança Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 BragançaBraganza see BragançaBragg’s Spur see West MemphisBrQila (city, southeastern Romania) : to 1829

Turkish jbrailBraine-l’Alleud (town, central Belgium) : Flem-

ish EigenbrakelBraine-le-Château (town, central Belgium) :

Flemish Kasteelbrakel

Braine-le-Comte (town, south central Belgium): Flemish ’s-Gravenbrakel

Braintree (town, Massachusetts, northeasternUnited States) : to 1640 Monoticut

Brancaster (village, eastern England) : RomanBranodunum

Brandeis an der Elbe see Brandï s nad LabemBrandy Creek see BeaconsfieldBrandï s nad Labem (town, north central Czech

Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Bran-deis an der Elbe (In 1960 Brandï s nad Labemjoined with neighboring Stará Boleslav to formthe twin town Brandïs nad Labem-Stará Bole-slav.)

Braniewo (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Braunsberg

Branodunum see BrancasterBranogenium see LeintwardineBraüsk (town, northeastern Poland) : 1807–1915,

1939–1941 Russian BryanskBrantovka see 5Oktyabr’skyBrashear City see Morgan CityBrasil see BrazilBraslav see BraslawBraslaw (town, northern Belarus) : (Russian

Braslav); 1919–1939 Polish BrasùawBrasùaw see BraslawBra£ov (city, central Romania) : 1950–1960 Stalin

or Ora£ul Stalin; 1867–1918 Hungarian Brassó,to 1867 German Kronstadt (The German nameshould not lead to confusion with the Russiantown of Kronshtadt. In the former alternatename, Romanian Ora£ul means “city,” givingan equivalent to Russian Stalingrad, now Vol-gograd.)

Brassó see Bra£ovBrasstown Bald (mountain, Georgia, southeast-

ern United States) : formerly Mt. EnotahBratan (mountain, central Bulgaria) : 1950–1969

Morozov; to 1950 Golyam BratanBratislava (city, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Pozsony; to 1867 German PressburgBrattleboro (town, Vermont, northeastern

United States) : to 1753 Fort DummerBrätz see BrojceBraunau see BroumovBraunsberg see BraniewoBraunschweig (city, northern Germany) : con-

ventional English Brunswick (The Englishname primarily applied to the former duchy.)

Bravoniacum see Kirkby ThoreBray (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish BréBrazil (republic, east central South America) :

[Portuguese Brasil ]Bré see BrayBreage see Vermilion

33 Breage

Brecknock see BreconB†eclav (city, southern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German LundenburgBrecon (town, southeastern Wales) : alternate

dated Brecknock; Welsh Aberhonddu (The al-ternate name was more commonly current forthe former county and subsequent unitary au-thority, abolished in 1996, and remains in usefor the town’s Brecknock Museum.)

Brecon Beacons (mountains, southeasternWales) : Welsh Bannau Brycheiniog (Themountains take their name from the formercounty of Breconshire, of which Brecon wasthe county town.)

Bregenz (town, western Austria) : Roman Brig-antium

Breisach (town, southwestern Germany) :Roman Mons Brisiacus; earlier Roman Brisia-cum

Breitenstein see 2Ul’yanovoBreizh see BrittanyBrejo da Madre de Deus (city, northeastern

Brazil) : 1939–1948 Madre de DeusBrelsford see Coffs HarbourBremenhaven see BremerhavenBremenium see 2RochesterBremerhaven (city, northern Germany) : English

formerly often Bremenhaven; 1939–1947 We-sermünde (Founded in 1827, the city was ab-sorbed in 1939 by Wesermünde, itself formedin 1924 from the merger of two other towns.In 1947 the combined municipality reverted tothe original name, meaning “port for Bre-men.”)

Bremersdorp see ManziniBremetenacum Veteranorum see RibchesterBrenner see BrenneroBrennero (village, northern Italy) : to 1919 Ger-

man BrennerBrescia (city, northern Italy) : Roman BrixiaBreslau see WrocùawBressanone (town, northern Italy) : to 1919 Ger-

man BrixenBrest (city, southwestern Belarus) : 1921–1939

Polish Brze¢W nad Bugiem; to 1921 RussianBrest-Litovsk (The Russian name is familiarfrom the treaty of 1918 between Germany andRussia and from its use in World War II, whenBrest was in German hands.)

Brest-Litovsk see BrestBretagne see BrittanyBrewster, Cape (eastern Greenland) : [Green-

landic Kangikajik]Brezhnev see Naberezhnyye ChelnyBre±ice (town, southern Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1945 German Rann

Brezno (town, central Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-garian Breznobánya; to 1867 German Bries

Breznobánya see BreznoBriançon (town, southeastern France) : Roman

BrigantiumBricksburg see 1LakewoodBrickton see Park RidgeBridgend (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Pen-y-

Bont ar OgwrBridgeport (city, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1800 Stratfield; originallyNewfield

Bridgeton (city, New Jersey, northeastern UnitedStates) : formerly Bridgetown; originally Co-hansey Bridge

1Bridgetown (town, southwestern Barbados) :formerly St. Michael’s Town; originally IndianBridge

2Bridgetown (village, Nova Scotia, easternCanada) : to 1824 Hicks Ferry

Bridgetown see (1) Bridgeton; (2) MountHolly

Bridgewater (town, Massachusetts, northeasternUnited States) : originally Titicut

Bridlington see 2BurlingtonBrieg see BrzegBries see BreznoBriesen see WRbrzeØnoBrigantia see BragançaBrigantinus Lacus see Constance, LakeBrigantium see (1) Bregenz; (2) Briançon; (3)

La CoruñaBrigetio see SzânyBrigham City (town, Utah, west central United

States) : to 1856 Box ElderBrighthelmstone see BrightonBrighton (city, southern England) : formerly

BrighthelmstoneBrindisi (city, southeastern Italy) : Roman Brun-

disiumBrisbane (city, Queensland, eastern Australia) :

to 1834 EdenglassieBrisiacum see BreisachBristol (city, Connecticut, northeastern United

States) : formerly New CambridgeBristol see 2DoverBristol Channel (southeastern Wales/southwest-

ern England) : alternate Severn Sea; Welsh MôrHafren (The Welsh name has the same mean-ing as the alternate English name.)

Britain see (1) Great Britain; (2) United King-dom

Britannia see Great BritainBritish Central Africa Protectorate see MalawiBritish Columbia (province, western Canada) :

1849–1858 New Caledonia

Brecknock 34

British East Africa see KenyaBritish Guiana see GuyanaBritish Honduras see BelizeBritish North America see CanadaBriton Ferry (town, southern Wales) : Welsh

LlansawelBrittany (region, northwestern France) : [French

Bretagne; Breton Breizh]; Roman Armorica(The eastern part of the Roman region becameNormandy, but the Celtic name gave BretonArmor for its coastal regions, as against Argoat,the hinterland. The name is present today inthe department of Côtes-d’Armor.)

Briva Curretia see Brive-la-GaillardeBriva Isarae see PontoiseBrive see Brive-la-GaillardeBrive-la-Gaillarde (town, south central France) :

formerly Brive; Roman Briva CurretiaBrixen see BressanoneBrixia see BresciaBrno (city, southeastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German BrünnBro see KristinehamnBroads, The (region of lakes, eastern England) :

alternate Norfolk BroadsBrocavum see BroughamBrochów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German BrockauBrock see SunderlandBrockau see BrochówBrockton (city, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1874 North BridgewaterBrockville (town, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : formerly ElizabethtownBrod (town, central Macedonia) : to c.1945 Ju±ni

BrodBrod see (1) Bosanski Brod; (2) Slavonski

BrodBrodnica (town, north central Poland) : 1772–

1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Strasburgin Westpreussen

Brojce (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Brätz

Broken Hill (city, New South Wales, southeast-ern Australia) : Aboriginal Willyama

Broken Hill see KabweBromberg see BydgoszczBromont (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : to

1966 West SheffordBronkhorstspruit (town, northeastern South

Africa) : to 1935 ErasmusBronson see KalamazooBrookfield (town, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1905 GrossdaleBrookline (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1705 Muddy River

Brooks Islands see Midway IslandsBrossard (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :

to 1958 Brosseau Station (The city is now asuburb of Montreal.)

Brosseau Station see BrossardBrotas see Brotas de MacaúbasBrotas de Macaúbas (town, eastern Brazil) : to

1944 BrotasBrotherstown see Rockwood1Brough (village, east central England, near

Newark-on-Trent) : Roman Crococalana2Brough (village, central England, near Hather-

sage) : Roman Navio3Brough (village, eastern England, near Hull) :

Roman Petuaria4Brough (village, northwestern England, near

Kirkby Stephen) : Roman Verteris (The nameBrough, pronounced “Bruff,” derives from OldEnglish burh, “fortified place,” referring to theRoman fort in each of these four places.)

Brougham (hamlet, northwestern England) :Roman Brocavum

Broughton (village, northeastern Wales) : WelshBrychdyn

Broughton see EffinghamBroughton Island see QikiqtarjuaqBroumov (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German BraunauBrownsville see OgdenBrownville see Phenix CityBruges (city, northwestern Belgium) : Flemish

Brugge (English generally uses the French formof the name, although the city is in the Flem-ish-speaking half of the country.)

Bruges-sur-Mer see ZeebruggeBrugge see BrugesBrundisium see BrindisiBruneck see BrunicoBrunei Town see Bandar Seri BegawanBrunico (town, northern Italy) : to 1918 German

BruneckBrünn see BrnoBrunson Harbor see Benton HarborBrunswick (town, Maine, northeastern United

States) : to 1717 PejepscotBrunswick see BraunschweigBruntál (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German FreudenthalBrusa see BursaBruselas see PuntarenasBrussel see BrusselsBrussels (city, central Belgium) : [Flemish

Brussel; French Bruxelles] (The city, officiallybilingual, is geographically in the Flemish-speaking half of Belgium although the major-ity of the population speak French.)

35 Brussels

Bruttium see CalabriaBrüx see MostBruxelles see BrusselsBryansk see BraüskBryantsivs’kyy Rudnyk see SoledarBryantsovsky Rudnik see SoledarBrychdyn see BroughtonBrynbuga see UskBryson (village, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :

to 1873 Havelock; earlier HargreavesBrzeg (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Brieg; Roman Civitas Altae RipaeBrze¢W nad Bugiem see BrestBrze∞any see BerezhanyBrzeziny (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945

German LöwenstadtBuayan see General SantosBublitz see BoboliceBuccari see BakarBuccino (village, southern Italy) : Roman VolceiBuchanan (town, western Liberia) : formerly

Grand BassaBucharest (city, southern Romania) : [Romanian

Bucure£ti]Buckhorn see 1HastingsBuckley (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

BwcleBucklin see DearbornBuck’s Bridge see 2HanoverBuck’s Crossing see 2HanoverBucure£ti see BucharestBudapest (city, north central Hungary) : Roman

Aquincum (The Roman name originally ap-plied to Buda, on the right bank of theDanube, which in 1872 joined with Pest, onthe left bank, to form the present city.)

Bud’onnivka see Novoazovs’kBudua see BudvaBudva (town, southern Montenegro) : to 1918

Italian BuduaBudweis see Teské BudfijoviceBudwitz see Moravské BudfijoviceBudyonnovka see Novoazovs’kBudyonnovsk (city, southwestern Russia) :

1957–1973 Prikumsk; 1935–1957 Budyonnovsk;1920–1935 Prikumsk; to 1920 Svyatoy Krest

Budyonnoye see 1KrasnogvardeyskoyeBudyonny see Chat-BazarBuena Vista see De KalbBuenos Aires (province, eastern Argentina) :

1946–1955 Eva Perón (The province does notinclude the national capital, Buenos Aires,which was not renamed.)

Buffalo (city, New York, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1816 New Amsterdam (The city’spresent name was in popular use from the first.)

Builth Wells (town, south central Wales) : WelshLlanfair-ym-Muallt (English Builth is an angli-cized form of Welsh Buallt, here in its mutatedform Muallt.)

Buitenzorg see BogorBujumbura (city, western Burundi) : to 1962

UsumburaBukavu (town, eastern Democratic Republic of

the Congo) : 1927–1952 CostermansvilleBukitinggi (city, western Indonesia) : formerly

Fort de KockBulatselivka see 1ShevchenkoveBulatselovka see 1ShevchenkoveBulembu (town, northwestern Swaziland) : to

1976 HavelockB≠lgarevo (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1934

Turkish UrumyenikoyBulgaria (republic, southeastern Europe) : [Bul-

garian B≠lgariya]B≠lgariya see BulgariaBulung’ur (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerly

Russian Krasnogvardeysk; to 1930s RostovtsevoBunclody (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish

Bun Clóidí; to 1950 English NewtownbarryBun Clóidí see BunclodyBuncrana (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish

Bun CrannchaBun Cranncha see BuncranaBun Dobhrain see BundoranBundoran (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish

Bun DobhrainBunge Rudnik see Yunokomunarivs’kBunge Rudnyk see Yunokomunarivs’kBunzlau see BoleùawiecBurbank see MoorheadBurdigala see BordeauxBureya-Pristan’ see NovobureyskyBur Gavo (village, southeastern Somalia) : to

c.1926 Port DurnfordBurgh Castle (village, eastern England) : Roman

Gariannum (The Roman name was long citedin the form Gariannonum.)

Burgundy (region, central France) : [FrenchBourgogne]

Burkina Faso (republic, western Africa) : to 1984Upper Volta

1Burlington (city, North Carolina, easternUnited States) : to 1887 Company Shops

2Burlington (town, New Jersey, northeasternUnited States) : formerly Bridlington; origi-nally New Beverly

Burlington Bay see 2HamiltonBurma see MyanmarBurnie (town, Tasmania, southeastern Australia)

: originally Emu Bay SettlementBurnoye see Bauyrzhan Momyshuly

Bruttium 36

Burrium see UskBurry Port (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Porth

TywynBursa (city, northwestern Turkey) : formerly

Brusa; Roman Prusia ad OlympumBurundi (republic, east central Africa) : to 1966

UrundiBurwick see WoodbridgeBusch see Elk CityB¨shehr (city, southwestern Iran) : alternate

Bandar-e B¨shehr; conventional Bushir (Theoriginal city here may have been named Anti-och, as was Antakya.)

Bushir see B¨shehrBuss see BousButare (town, southern Rwanda) : to 1962

AstridaButler (town, Wisconsin, northern United

States) : to 1930 New ButlerBütow see BytówButterworth (town, southeastern South Africa) :

1976–1994 GcuwaButtevant (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish

Cill na MallachButuntum see BitontoButysh see KamaBuxentum see Policastro BussentinoBuxton (town, central England) : Roman Aquae

ArnemetiaeBuynaksk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1922

Temir-Khan-ShuraBwcle see BuckleyByala Slatina (town, northern Bulgaria) : to

c.1945 Bela SlatinaByam Martin Island see AhunuiByaroza (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Russian

Beryoza); 1919–1939 Polish Bereza KartuskaByblos see JubaylByczyna (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man PitschenBydgoszcz (city, north central Poland) : 1772–

1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German BrombergByorksky see KrasnoostrovskyByron Island see NikunauBystrovka see KeminBystrzyca (river, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German WeistritzBystrzyca Kùodzka (town, southwestern Poland)

: to 1945 German HabelschwerdtBytVa (town, northwestern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian NagybittseBytom (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German BeuthenBytów (town, northern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man BütowBytown see 1Ottawa

Byzantium see IstanbulCaa-Catí see General PazCaála (town, west central Angola) : 1930–c.1975

Portuguese Vila Robert WilliamsCabaret (town, central Haiti) : formerly Duva-

liervilleCabellio see CavaillonCabillonum see Chalon-sur-SaôneCabo Fisterra see Finisterre, CapeCabo Verde see Cape VerdeCabo Yubi see TarfayaCabra (town, southern Spain) : Roman IgabrumCabrália see Cabrália PaulistaCabrália Paulista (town, southeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Pirajaí; to 1944 CabráliaCacaguatique see Ciudad BarriosCaçapava see Caçapava do SulCaçapava do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944

CaçapavaCáceres (city, western Brazil) : to 1939 São Luiz

de CáceresCacheira do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944

CachoeiraCachoeira see (1) Cachoeira do Sul; (2) Ca-

choeira Paulista; (3) SolonópoleCachoeira Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Valparaíba; to 1944 CachoeiraCachoeiras see Cachoeiras de MacacuCachoeiras de Macacu (city, southeastern

Brazil) : to 1943 CachoeirasCacongo (town, northwestern Angola) : to

c.1975 Portuguese Guilherme CapeloTadca (town, northwestern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian CsacaCadillac (town, Michigan, northern United

States) : to 1877 Clam LakeCadiz see CádizCádiz (city, southwestern Spain) : English con-

ventional Cadiz; Roman Gades; PhoenicianGadir

Cadoxton (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Tre-gatwg (The village is now a district of Barry.)

Cadoxton-juxta-Neath (village, southern Wales): Welsh Llangatwg Nedd (The additions to therespective names distinguish the village fromCadoxton by locating it near Neath.)

Cadurcum see CahorsCadwell’s Corners see DeerfieldCaene see QenaCaerdydd see CardiffCaere see CerveteriCaerffili see CaerphillyCaerfyrddin see CarmarthenCaergybi see HolyheadCaerhun (village, northern Wales) : Roman

Canovium (The Roman fort based its name on

37 Caerhun

that of the Conwy River here, which itself gavethe name of the nearby town of Conwy.)

Caerleon (town, southeastern Wales) : WelshCaerllion-ar-Wysg, Roman Isca (The Romanname is that of the river here, itself giving themodern name of Usk. The -leon and -llion ofthe respective names derive from the fullerRoman name Isca Legionum, the latter wordmeaning “of the legions.” An alternate Romanfuller form was Isca Silurum.)

Caerllion-ar-Wysg see CaerleonCaernarfon (town, northwestern Wales) : tradi-

tional English Carnarvon; Roman Segontium(The traditional form of the name is preservedin an aristocratic title and in placenames in theformer British colonies, as Australia and SouthAfrica.)

Caerphilly (town, southeastern Wales) : WelshCaerffili

Caerwent (village, southeastern Wales) : RomanVenta Silurum

Caesaraugusta see SaragossaCaesarea (ancient city, western Israel) : Hebrew

Horbat Qesari; Roman Caesarea Maritima; al-ternate Roman Caesarea Palaestina; originallyGreek Strato’s Tower (The Hebrew namemeans “ruins of Caesarea,” referring to the bib-lical city built by Herod the Great. Nearby isthe modern settlement of Kessaria, named forit. The additions to the Roman names distin-guished the city from Caesarea Philippi, nowBanias.)

Caesarea see (1) Cherchell; (2) Jersey; (3) Qis-arya

Caesarea Cappadociae see KayseriCaesarea Maritima see CaesareaCaesarea Mazaca see KayseriCaesarea Palaestinae see CaesareaCaesarea Philippi see BaniasCaesarobriga see Talavera de la ReinaCaesarodunum see ToursCaesaromagus see (1) Beauvais; (2) Chelms-

fordCaesena see CesenaCagliari (city, southern Sardinia, Italy) : Roman

CaralisCaher (town, south central Ireland) : Irish An

ChathairCahersiveen (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish

Cathair SaidhbhínCahors (city, south central France) : Roman

Cadurcum; earlier Roman DivonaCahul (city, southern Moldova) : (Russian

Kagul ); 1919–1940 Romanian Cahul; 1878–1918 Russian Kagul; 1856–1878 RomanianCahul; 1812–1856 Russian Kagul

Caia (town, central Mozambique) : 1954–1981Portuguese Vila Fontes

Caiapônia (town, central Brazil) : to 1944 Span-ish Rio Bonito

Caieta see GaetaCairlinn see CarlingfordCairo (city, northern Egypt) : [Arabic Al QIhi-

rah; alternate Arabic Mi•r] (The alternate Ara-bic name is also that of Egypt.)

Caiseal see CashelCaisleán an Bharraigh see CastlebarCaistor St. Edmund (village, eastern England) :

Roman Venta IcenorumCaiuás see Rio BrilhanteTakovec (town, northern Croatia) : to 1918,

1941–1944 Hungarian CsáktornyaCalabria (region, southern Italy) : Roman Brut-

tiumCalae see ChellesCalagurris see CalahorraCalah see NimrudCalahorra (town, northern Spain) : Roman

CalagurrisCalanais see CallanishCalandula (town, northern Angola) : to c.1975

Portuguese Duque de BragançaCalauria see PórosCalcaria see TadcasterCalcutta see KolkataCaldas (town, southeastern Brazil) : 1940–1948

ParreirasCaldey (island, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Ynys

ByrCaledonia see ScotlandCaledonia Australis see GippslandCales see CalviCalgary (city, Alberta, southwestern Canada) :

originally Fort BriseboisCalhoun (town, Georgia, southeastern United

States) : to 1850 OothcalogaCalicut see KozhikodeCalidonia see ScotlandCälilabad (town, southeastern Azerbaijan) :

(Russian Dzhalilabad); to 1967 RussianAstrakhan’-Bazar

Callanish (village, Western Isles, northwesternScotland) : Gaelic Calanais

Calleva Atrebatum see SilchesterCallipolis see GallipoliTalovo see Vel’kï MederCalumet (village, Michigan, north central

United States) : to 1929 Red JacketCalumet City (city, Illinois, north central United

States ) : to 1924 West Hammond (The city is asuburb of Chicago.)

Calvary (hill, central Israel) : ancient Greek Gol-

Caerleon 38

gotha (The Bible has both English and Greeknames, respectively of Latin and Aramaic ori-gin, for the site of Jesus’ crucifixion.)

Calvi (village, southwestern Italy) : Roman CalesCamacupa (town, central Angola) : to 1891 Por-

tuguese Vila General MachadoCamagüey (city, eastern Cuba) : to 1903 Puerto

Príncipe, earlier Santa María del Puerto delPríncipe (The city was founded at the site ofthe present coastal town of Nuevitas but waslater moved inland to its present location.)

Camanongue (town, north central Angola) : toc.1975 Portuguese Vila Bugaço

Camaquã (city, southern Brazil) : to 1939 Por-tuguese São João de Camaquã

Camaracum see CambraiCamaratuba see São Joaquim do MonteCamarazal see MulunguCambaluc see BeijingCambé (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Nova

DantzigCamberiacum see ChambéryCambirela see Santo Amaro da ImperatrizCambodia (republic, southeastern Asia) : 1976–

1989 Kampuchea; 1970–1976 Khmer RepublicCambodunum see (1) Kempten; (2) LeedsCamboglanna see CastlesteadsCambrai (city, northern France) : Roman Cama-

racumCambria see Wales1Cambridge (city, eastern England) : Medieval

Latin Cantabrigia; Roman Duroliponte2Cambridge (city, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1638 New TowneCambridge Bay (village, Nunavut, northern

Canada) : alternate Inuit IkaluktutiakCambridge Farms see LexingtonCambundi-Catembo (town, north central An-

gola) : to c.1975 Portuguese Nova Gaia1Camden (town, New South Wales, southeastern

Australia) : formerly Camden Park; to 1805Cowpastures

2Camden (town, Arkansas, south central UnitedStates) : to 1844 Écore à Fabre

3Camden (town, South Carolina, southeasternUnited States) : to 1768 Pine Tree Hill

Camden Park see 1CamdenCamerino (town, central Italy) : Roman Camer-

inumCamerinum see CamerinoCameron Bay see Echo BayCameroon (republic, western Africa) : formerly

English the Cameroons (The former name re-ferred to the German protectorate of Kamerun.After World War I it was divided into Britishand French administrative zones and in 1960

the French trust territory of Cameroun gainedits independence.)

Cameroons, the see CameroonCameroun see CameroonCammin-in-Pommern see Kamieü PomorskiCampagna di Roma (region, west central Italy) :

Roman Campania (The Roman region wasclosely tied to Rome, whereas the modern re-gion of Campania lies further south and iscentered on Naples.)

Campania see (1) Campagna di Roma;(2) Champagne

Camp-Bataille see Souk el Arba de l’OuedBeth

Campbell (town, Ohio, north central UnitedStates) : to 1926 East Youngstown

Campbellpur see (1) Attock; (2) Hasan AbdalCampbellton (town, New Brunswick, eastern

Canada) : to 1833 Martin’s PointCampbelltown (city, New South Wales, south-

eastern Australia) : to 1820 AirdsCamp Eagle Pass see Eagle PassCampestre see São José do CampestreCamp Greeley see BismarckCamp Hancock see BismarckCampina Grande (city, northeastern Brazil) : to

1864 Porta do SertãoCampinas (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly

Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Campinas deMatto Grosso

Campine see KempenlandCampo Belo see ItatiaiaCampo Florido (town, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 Portuguese Campo FormosoCampoformido (village, northeastern Italy) :

formerly Campo Formio (The former name re-mains in historical use for the 1797 treaty be-tween France and Austria ending the firstphase of the Napoleonic Wars.)

Campo Formio see CampoformidoCampo Formoso see (1) Campo Florido;

(2) OrizonaCampo Largo see Araçoiaba da SerraCampo Quijano (town, northwestern Argen-

tina) : to 1930s Kilómetro 1172Campos see Tobias BarretoCamptown see IrvingtonCamulodunum see ColchesterCanaan see PalestineCanada (country, North America) : to 1763 New

France (The former name, representing FrenchNouvelle-France, is sometimes applied to theterritory now occupied by Canada. Properly, itdenotes only the lands held or claimed by theFrench crown.)

Canada East see Quebec

39 Canada East

Canada West see OntarioÇanakkale (city, northwestern Turkey) : for-

merly Kale i-SultanyeCanaveral, Cape (Florida, southeastern United

States) : 1963–1973 Cape KennedyCancello (village, southern Italy) : Roman Sues-

sulaCanchungo (town, western Guinea-Bissau) :

formerly Portuguese Teixeira PintoCandia see (1) Crete; (2) IráklionCanea (city, northern Crete, Greece) : to 1912

Turkish Hanya; ancient Greek CydoniaCanelones (city, southern Uruguay) : formerly

GuadalupeCane’s Landing see Bossier CityCangamba (town, south central Angola) : to

c.1975 Portuguese Vila de AljustrelCangó see General ArtigasCaniçado see GuijáÇankqrq (city, north central Turkey) : Roman

Germanicopolis; earlier Roman GangraCanonium see KelvedonCanosa di Puglia (town, southeastern Italy) :

Roman CanusiumCanóvanas see LoízaCanovium see CaerhunCantabria (province, northern Spain) : formerly

SantanderCantabrigia see 1CambridgeCanterbury (city, southeastern England) : Eccle-

siastical Latin Cantuaria; Roman DurovernumCanterbury see 1ChristchurchCantium see 1Kent1Canton (city, southeastern China) : Chinese

Guangzhou (The English name represents Chi-nese Kwangtung, the name of the province ofwhich Guangzhou is the capital.)

2Canton (town, Massachusetts, northeasternUnited States) : to 1797 Punkapoag

3Canton (town, South Dakota, north centralUnited States) : to 1867 Commerce City

Cantuaria see CanterburyCanusium see Canosa di PugliaCap-de-la-Madeleine (city, Quebec, southeast-

ern Canada) : originally Cap-des-Trois-RivièresCap-de-Lévy see LauzonCap-des-Trois-Rivières see Cap-de-la-

MadeleineCape : for names of capes see the next word, as

Colville, CapeCape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, eastern Can-

ada) : formerly French Île Royale (The islandtakes its present name from its eastern cape.)

Cape Colony see Cape ProvinceCape Dorset (village, Nunavut, northeastern

Canada) : alternate Inuit Kingnait

Cape Island see Cape MayCapela (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948

Portuguese Conceição do ParaíbaCapelle-au-Bois see Kapelle-op-den-BosCapellen-lez-Anvers see KapellenCape May (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1869 Cape IslandCape of Good Hope see Good Hope, Cape ofCape Palmas see HarperCape Province (former province, southern

South Africa) : to 1910 Cape Colony (The prov-ince ceased to exist in 1994 when it was di-vided into the three provinces Eastern Cape,Northern Cape, and Western Cape. See alsoGood Hope, Cape of.)

Cape Town (city, southwestern South Africa) :Afrikaans Kapstad

Cape Verde (island republic, North Atlantic) :[Portuguese Cabo Verde]

Cape York Peninsula (Queensland, northeasternAustralia) : to 1770 Carpentaria Land

Capivari see Silva JardimCapiz see RoxasCapodistria see KoperCaporetto see KobaridCappoquin (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Cea-

pach ChoinnCapreae see CapriCaprese Michelangelo (village, central Italy) :

formerly Caprese (The village added the nameof the famous Renaissance artist Michelangelo,who was born here in 1475.)

Capri (island, western Italy) : Roman CapreaeCapsa see GafsaCapua (town, southern Italy) : Roman Casilinum

(The town took its present name from thenearby Roman city of Capua, now the villageof Santa Maria di Capua Vetere, whose in-habitants settled here in A.D. 656 after fleeingthe Saracens.).

Capua see Santa Maria di Capua VetereCaraguatay see CordilleraCaralis see CagliariCaransebe£ (town, western Romania) : to 1918

Hungarian KaránsebesCaraza see SantiváñezCarbonia see 2OttawaCarcaso see CarcassonneCarcassonne (city, southern France) : Roman

CarcasoCarcross (village, Yukon Territory, northwestern

Canada) : to 1905 Caribou CrossingCardiff (city, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

CaerdyddCardigan (town, western Wales) : Welsh Aberteifi

(The town’s English name is a corrupt form of

Canada West 40

that of Ceredigion, the county in which itlies.)

Carei (town, northwestern Romania) : to 1918,1940–1944 Hungarian Nagykároly; to 1867German Grosskarol

Caribou (town, Maine, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1877 Lyndon Village

Caribou Crossing see CarcrossCaribrod see 3DimitrovgradCarignan (village, northeastern France) : to 1662

IvoyCarinthia (region, southern Austria) : [German

Kärnten]Caririaçu (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese São Pedro do CariryCarlabhagh see CarlowayCarleton (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :

originally TracadigetcheCarleton Point see BordenCarlingford (town, northeastern Ireland) : Irish

CairlinnCarlisle (city, northwestern England) : Roman

LuguvaliumCarlopago see KarlobagCarlos Reyles (town, central Uruguay) : to

c.1945 MollesCarlovitz see Sremski KarlovciCarlow (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Ceathar-

lachCarloway (village, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic CarlabhaghCarlsbad (city, New Mexico, southwestern

United States) : to 1899 EddyCarlsbad see Karlovy VaryCarmarthen (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Caerfyrddin; Roman Moridunum; alternateRoman Maridunum (The alternate Romanname, though meaning “fort by the sea,” doesnot derive from Latin mare, “sea,” but from arelated Celtic source that gave Welsh môr. Thesecond part of the Welsh name, in its basicform -myrddin, gave the name of the Arthur-ian wizard Merlin, whose name today appearsin that of Merlin’s Bridge.)

Carmo see (1) Carmona; (2) CarmópolisCarmona (town, southern Spain) : Roman

CarmoCarmópolis (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

CarmoCarnarvon (town, southwestern South Africa) :

to 1874 HarmsfonteinCarnarvon see CaernarfonCarnium see KranjCarnotum see ChartresCarolina (town, northeastern Puerto Rico) :

originally Trujillo Bajo

Carpentaria Land see Cape York PeninsulaCarpentoracte see CarpentrasCarpentras (town, southeastern France) : Roman

CarpentoracteCarradoc see Mount BrydgesCarraig Fhearghasa see CarrickfergusCarraig Mhachaire Rois see CarrickmacrossCarraig na Siúire see Carrick-on-SuirCarrhae see HaranCarrickfergus (town, eastern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Carraig FhearghasaCarrickmacross (town, northeastern Ireland) :

Irish Carraig Machaire RoisCarrick-on-Shannon (town, northwestern Ire-

land) : Irish Cora Droma RúiscCarrick-on-Suir (town, southern Ireland) : Irish

Carraig na SiúireCarriden (village, southern Scotland) : Roman

VeluniaCarrollton (town, Georgia, southeastern United

States) : to 1829 TroupsvilleCarseoli see CarsoliCarsoli (town, central Italy) : Roman CarseoliCarson City (city, Nevada, western United

States) : originally Eagle StationCarstensz, Mt. see Jaya, Mt.Cartagena (city, southeastern Spain) : Roman

Carthago NovaCarthage (historic city, northern Tunisia) :

Roman CarthagoCarthago see CarthageCarthago Nova see CartagenaCasablanca (city, western Morocco) : alternate

Arabic Dar el Beida; formerly French MaisonBlanche; earlier Portuguese Casa Branca (Afuller form of the Arabic name is ad-DIr al-BayöI’. The French colonial name was alsothat of Dar el Beida.)

Casa Branca see CasablancaCas-blaidd see Wolf ’s CastleCascavel see AguaíCasco see PortlandCas-gwent see ChepstowCashel (town, south central Ireland) : Irish

CaisealCasilinum see CapuaCasim see General ToshevoCasinum see CassinoTáslav (city, central Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German TschaslauCasllwchwr see LoughorCas-mael see PunchestonCasnewydd-ar-Wysg see 1NewportCaspian Sea (eastern Europe/western Asia) :

Roman Caspium Mare; alternate Roman Hyr-canum Mare (The alternate name of the great

41 Caspian Sea

salt lake, bordered in Europe by Russia and inAsia by Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, andKazakhstan, derives from Hyrcania, the Romanname of the former province of northern Irannow known as GorgIn.)

Caspium Mare see Caspian SeaCassaigne see Sidi AliCassian Way see ViaCassino (town, central Italy) : to 1871 San Ger-

mano; Roman CasinumCassiterides see Scilly, Isles ofCasteggio (village, northern Italy) : Roman Clas-

tidiumCastel Giubileo (village, western Italy) : Roman

FidenaeCastellammare (village, southern Italy) : Roman

Velia; ancient Greek EleaCastellammare di Stabia (town, southern Italy)

: Roman StabiaeCastell-nedd see NeathCastell-newydd see 2NewcastleCastellnewydd Emlyn see Newcastle EmlynCastell-paen see PainscastleCastellum Tingitanum see Ech ChélifCastelnuovo see Herceg-NoviCastelo see (1) Castelo do Piauí; (2) Manuel

UrbanoCastelo do Piauí (town, northeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Portuguese Marvão; to 1944 Portu-guese Castelo

Castelrosso see KastellorizonCastile (region, central Spain) : [Spanish

Castilla]Castilla see CastileCastlebar (town, western Ireland) : Irish Caisleán

an BharraighCastlebay (town, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic Bagh a ChaisteilCastleblayney (town, northern Ireland) : Irish

Baile na LorganCastleford (town, northern England) : Roman

LagentiumCastle Mountain (Alberta, western Canada) :

1946–1979 Mt. EisenhowerCastlerea (town, north central Ireland) : Irish

Caisleán RiabhachCastlereagh see PenrithCastlesteads (village, northwestern England) :

Roman CamboglannaCastra Albiensium see CastresCastra Batava see PassauCastra Exploratorum see NetherbyCastra Regina see RegensburgCastres (city, southern France) : Roman Castra

AlbiensiumCastrogiovanni see Enna

Castrum Barrum see Bar-le-DucCastrum Deutonis see DuisburgCastrum Helenae see ElneCastrum Hennae see EnnaCastrum Novum see Santa MarinellaCastua see KastavCas-wis see WistonCatabola (town, central Angola) : to c.1979 Por-

tuguese Nova SintraCatalonia (region, northeastern Spain) : [Spanish

Cataluña; Catalan Catalunya]Cataluña see CataloniaCatalunya see CataloniaCatamarca (city, northwestern Argentina) : orig-

inally LondresCatana see CataniaCatandica (town, western Mozambique) : 1915–

1976 Portuguese Vila GouveiaCatanduva (city, southeastern Brazil) : originally

Vila AdolfoCatania (city, southern Italy) : Roman CatanaCataractonium see Catterick BridgeCatfish’s Camp see 2WashingtonCathair na Mart see WestportCathair Saidhbhín see CahersiveenCathay see ChinaCatonsville (town, Maryland, northeastern

United States) : to c.1800 Johnnycake (Thetown is now a suburb of Baltimore.)

Cattaro see KotorCatterick Bridge (village, northern England) :

Roman Cataractonium (The village took itspresent name from the Roman name, which istraditionally derived from Latin cataracta,“waterfall,” referring to the nearby rapids(cataract) on the Swale River. But as in manycases the Roman name is of Celtic origin, andalmost certainly means “battle ramparts.”)

Caucaia (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 SoureCaucasus (mountains, southeastern

Europe/southwestern Asia) : [Russian Kavkaz]Caunus see DalyanCausennis see AncasterCavaillon (town, southeastern France) : Roman

CabellioCavan (town, northern Ireland) : Irish An

CabhánCavazuccherina see IesoloCaviúna see RolândiaCawnpore see KanpurCaxias (city, northeastern Brazil) : formerly São

José das Aldeias AltasCaxias see Duque de CaxiasCayenne (city, northeastern French Guiana) : to

1777 La RavardièreCayo see San Ignacio

Caspium Mare 42

Ceanannus Mór see KellsCeann a Bhaigh see BayheadCeapach Choinn see CappoquinCeará see FortalezaCeatharlach see CarlowTechy see BohemiaCedar Hall see Val-BrillantCedar Rapids (city, Iowa, north central United

States) : to 1849 Rapids CityCedynia (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German ZehdenCefalù (town, southern Italy) : Roman Cepha-

laediumCegidfa see GuilsfieldCei Connah see Connah’s QuayCeinewydd see New QuayCelaenae see DinarCelbridge (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Cill

DroichidCelebes see SulawesiCelje (city, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1945 German CilliCenchrea see KechriesCenchreae see KechriesCendl see BeaufortCenterville see CentraliaCentral African Empire see Central African

RepublicCentral African Republic (republic, central

Africa) : 1976–1979 Central African Empire; to1958 Ubangi-Shari

Central Arctic see KitikmeotCentralia (town, Washington, northwestern

United States) : to 1891 CentervilleCentral Provinces and Berar see Madhya

PradeshCentreville see VernonCentum Cellae see CivitavecchiaCenturion (town, northeastern South Africa) : to

1995 VerwoerdburgCenturipae see CenturipeCenturipe (town, southern Italy) : Roman Cen-

turipaeCephalaedium see CefalùCerasus see GiresunCeredigion (county, western Wales) : to 1974

Cardiganshire (In the year stated the formercounty became a unitary authority but in 1996regained county status. The town of Cardiganhas a corrupt form of the name, originally thatof an early kingdom.)

CernQu´i see ChernivtsiCerro (Spanish, “mountain”) : for names begin-

ning thus, see the next word, as Bolívar, CerroCerveteri (town, western Italy) : Roman Caere;

ancient Greek Agylla

Cesena (town, northern Italy) : Roman CaesenaC`sis (town, northern Latvia) : to 1918 German

WendenTeská Kamenice (town, northern Czech Repub-

lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Böhmisch-KamnitzTeská Lípa (city, northwestern Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1938–1945 German Böhmisch-LeipaTeská Republika see Czech RepublicTeská Skalice (town, northeastern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Böh-misch-SkalitzTeská T†ebová (town, north central Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Böh-misch-TrübauTeské Budfijovice (city, southwestern Czech

Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Bud-weisTeské Velenice (town, southern Czech Republic)

: 1938–1945 German Gmünd (The Germanname applied both to the present Czech townand, as now, to the Austrian town south of itacross the Lainsitz River. The railroad stationat the Czech town was already named Gmündas early as 1919.)

Teskoslovensko see CzechoslovakiaTeskï Brod (town, west central Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1939–1945 German Böhmisch-BrodTeskï Krumlov (town, southwestern Czech Re-

public) : 1938–1945 German Krumau an derMoldau; to 1918 German Böhmisch-KrumauTeskï Les see Bohemian ForestTeskï Tfi§ín (town, eastern Czech Republic) :

1939–1945 German Teschen; 1938–1939 PolishCieszyn Zachodni; to 1918 German Teschen (Seecomments for Cieszyn below.)

Cetatea AlbQ see Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyyCette see SèteCeyhan (river, southern Turkey) : Roman Pyra-

musCeylanpqnar (village, southeastern Turkey) : to

c.1945 ResülaynCeylon see Sri LankaCeynowa see KuØnicaChachapoyas (town, northern Peru) : originally

San Juan de la Frontera de los ChachapoyasChaco (province, northeastern Argentina) :

1950–1955 Presidente Juán PerónChad see 8Oktyabr’skyChadwick’s Bay see 2DunkirkChagoda (town, western Russia) : to 1932 Bely

BychekChajaya see General Ramón GonzálesChalakazaki see Kyzyl-AskerChalcedon see KadqköyChâlons-en-Champagne (town, northeastern

43 Châlons-en-Champagne

France) : to 1995 Châlons-sur-Marne; RomanDurocatalaunum

Châlons-sur-Marne see Châlons-en-Cham-pagne

Chalon-sur-Saône (city, east central France) :Roman Cabillonum

Chambarak (town, northeastern Armenia) : for-merly Russian Krasnosel’sk

Chambéry (city, southeastern France) : MedievalLatin Camberiacum

Champagne (region, northeastern France) :Roman Campania (The Roman name has re-mained unaltered for the modern region ofCampania, southern Italy.)

Champion see PainesvilleChanda see ChandrapurChandrapur (city, western India) : formerly

ChandaChang see YangtzeChang’an (town, central China) : to 1942

WangküChangchun (city, northeastern China) : 1932–

1945 XinjingChangning (town, southwestern China) : to

1935 YutianChangshun (town, southern China) : to 1942

ChangzhaiChangzhai see ChangshunChangzhou (city, eastern China) : 1912–1949

WutsinChannel Islands see Santa Barbara IslandsChanzy see Sidi Ali Ben YoubChao Phraya (river, northern Thailand) : tradi-

tional English Maenam (The English name is ashort form of the full name Mae Nam ChaoPhraya, in which Thai Mae Nam is “river.”)

Chapayev (town, northwestern Kazakhstan) :1939–1971 Chapayevo; to 1939 Lbishchensk

Chapayevo see ChapayevChapayevsk (city, western Russia) : 1919–1929

Trotsk; to 1919 IvashchenkovoChapin see EdinburgChaplygin (town, western Russia) : to 1958 Ra-

nenburg; formerly SlobodskoyeCharazani see Villa General PérezChardzhou see TürkmenabatChardzhuy see TürkmenabatCharente-Inférieure see Charente-MaritimeCharente-Maritime (department, western

France) : to 1941 Charente-InférieureCh’arents’avan (city, west central Armenia) : to

1967 LusavanCharlesbourg (city, Quebec, eastern Canada) :

originally Bourg RoyalCharles City see 1CharlestonCharles Island see Santa María

1Charleston (city, South Carolina, southeasternUnited States) : 1722–1783 Charles City; origi-nally Charles Towne

2Charleston (city, West Virginia, east centralUnited States) : to 1819 Charles Town

Charlestown (town, western Ireland) : Irish BaileChathail

Charlestown see LorainCharles Town see (1) 2Charleston; (2) Wells-

burgCharles Towne see 1CharlestonCharlesville see DjokupundaCharleville see Ráth LuircCharlotte-Amalie (town, western U.S. Virgin Is-

lands) : 1921–1936 St. ThomasCharlottenburg (town, eastern Germany) : orig-

inally Lietzenburg (The town became a districtof Berlin in 1920.)

Charlottetown (city, Prince Edward Island, east-ern Canada) : to 1763 Port la Joie

Chartres (city, north central France) : RomanCarnotum; earlier Roman Autricum

Chat-Bazar (village, northwestern Kyrgyzstan) :1937–1991 Russian Budyonny

Châteaudun-du-Rhumel see Chelghoum elAïd

Châteauroux (town, central France) : 1789–1792Indreville

Château-Salins (village, northeastern France) :1940–1944 German Salzburgen

Chatham see 2East HamptonChatham Island see 2San CristóbalChâtillon-Coligny (village, north central

France) : formerly Châtillon-sur-LoingChâtillon-sur-Loing see Châtillon-ColignyChattahoochee (town, Florida, southeastern

United States) : to 1941 River JunctionChattanooga (city, Tennessee, east central

United States) : to 1838 Ross’s LandingChauncey see West LafayetteChaves (city, northern Portugal) : Roman Aquae

FlaviaeCheb (city, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German EgerChebanka see 2Chornomors’keCheboygan (town, Michigan, northern United

States) : formerly Inverness; originally DuncanChedabucto see GuysboroughChegutu (town, northeastern Zimbabwe) : to

1984 HartleyChehalis see Grays HarborCheju (island, southern South Korea) : formerly

QuelpartChekalin (town, western Russia) : to 1944 Likhvin1Chekhov (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese Noda

Châlons-sur-Marne 44

2Chekhov (city, western Russia) : to 1954 Lopas-nya

Chelghoum el Aïd (town, northeastern Algeria): to c.1962 French Châteaudun-du-Rhumel

Chelles (town, northern France) : Roman CalaeCheùm (city, eastern Poland) : to 1915 Russian

KholmCheùmno (town, north central Poland) : 1939–

1945 German Kulm; 1772–1807, 1815–1919German Culm

Chelmsford (city, southeastern England) :Roman Caesaromagus

Chelmsford Dam see Ntshingwayo DamCheùmsko ¡lRskie (town, southwestern Poland) :

to 1945 German SchömbergCheùm∞a (town, north central Poland) : 1939–

1945 German Kulmsee; 1772–1807, 1815–1919German Culmsee

Chelny see Naberezhnyye ChelnyChembar see BelinskyChemmis see AkhmnmChemnitz (city, eastern Germany) : 1953–1990

Karl-Marx-StadtChenango Point see BinghamtonChengde (city, northeastern China) : conven-

tional JeholChenge see AsparukhovoChennai (city, southeastern India) : to 1996

MadrasChepstow (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Cas-gwentCherchell (town, northern Algeria) : Roman

CaesareaCherente see Miracema do NorteCherkas’ke see Zymohir’yaCherkasskoye see Zymohir’yaCherkessk (city, southwestern Russia) : 1937–

1939 Yezhovo-Cherkessk; 1930–1937 Sulimov;1880–1930 Batalpashinsk; to 1880 Batalpashin-skaya

Chernenko see (1) Sharypovo; (2) ßoldQne£tiChernivtsi (city, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Chernovtsy); 1919–1940 Romanian Cer-nQu´i; to 1918 German Czernowitz

Chernomorskoye see 1,2Chornomors’keChernorech’ye (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1940 Novyye Aldy (The town is now incorpo-rated into the city of Grozny)

Chernovtsy see ChernivtsiChernyakhovsk (city, western Russia) : to 1946

German InsterburgChernyayevo see YangiyerChernyshevskoye (town, western Russia) : to

1938 German EydtkuhnenCherry Creek see BoissevainCherry Hill (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1961 Delaware (The town isnow a suburb of Philadelphia.)

Chersky (town, eastern Russia) : to c.1960 Nizh-niye Kresty

Chersonesus see CrimeaChersonesus Aurea see Malay Peninsula.Cherven’ see Chyerven’1Chervone (town, northern Ukraine) : (Russian

Chervonoye); to 1957 Yesman2Chervone (town, west central Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Chervonoye); to c.1935 Russian KrasnoyeChervonoarmeysk see (1) Chervonoarmiys’k;

(2) RadyvylivChervonoarmeyskoye see Vily’nyans’kChervonoarmiys’k (town, northern Ukraine) :

(Russian Chervonoarmeysk); to 1935 Pulyny(Russian Pulin)

Chervonoarmiys’k see RadyvylivChervonoarmiys’ke see Vil’nyans’kChervonograd see ChervonohradChervonogrigorovka see ChervonohryhorivkaChervonogvardeyskoye see Chervono-

gvardiys’keChervonogvardiys’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Chervonogvardeyskoye); to 1965Krynychans’kyy (Russian Krinichansky) (In thisname and those below the Russian equivalentdoes not translate Ukrainian Chervono- buttransliterates it. The proper Russian equivalentwould be as Krasnogvardeyskoye.)

Chervonohrad (city, western Ukraine) : (RussianChervonograd); to 1939, 1944–1953 PolishKrystynopol (Ukrainian Krystynopil’; RussianKristinopol’)

Chervonohryhorivka (town, southeasternUkraine) : (Russian Chervonogrigorovka); to1939 Russian Krasnogrigor’yevka

Chervonoye see 1,2ChervoneChervonozavods’ke (town, east central Ukraine)

: (Russian Chervonozavodskoye); to c.1961Stalinka

Chervonozavodskoye see Chervonozavods’keChervonyy Prapor see RubizhneCheshnegir see SadovoChesnokovka see Novoaltaysk1Chester (city, northwestern England) : Roman

Deva (The Roman name is that of the DeeRiver, on which Chester stands.)

2Chester (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1681 Upland

Chesterfield Inlet (village, Nunavut, north cen-tral Canada) : alternate Inuit Igluligaarjuk

Chester-le-Street (town, northeastern England) :Roman Concangis

Chesterton (village, east central England) :Roman Durobrivae (This Chesterton, near Pe-

45 Chesterton

terborough, should not be confused with theone that is now a district of Cambridge.)

Chetumal (city, eastern Mexico) : originally PayoObispo

Ch’ew Bahir (lake, southwestern Ethiopia) : for-merly Lake Stefanie

Chiange (town, southwestern Angola) : to c.1975Portuguese Vila de Almoster

Chiari (town, northern Italy) : Roman ClariumChibia (town, southwestern Angola) : 1935–1980

Portuguese João de AlmeidaChibizovka see ZherdevkaChibyu see UkhtaChicacole see SrikakulamChicago Heights (city, Illinois, north central

United States) : 1849–1901 Bloom; originallyThorn Grove (The city is a southern suburb ofChicago.)

Chichester (city, southern England) : RomanNoviomagus (The Roman name also had thefuller form Noviomagus Regnorum.)

Chicualacuala (town, western Mozambique) : to1981 Malvérnia

Chieti (city, central Italy) : Roman TeateChiflik see LovnidolChihli see HopehChihli, Gulf of see Bo HaiChildsburgh see HillsboroughChilia-NouQb see KiliyaChililabombwe (town, northern Zambia) : to

1964 BancroftChililaya see Puerto PérezChilly see Chilly-MazarinChilly-Mazarin (town, northern France) : to

1812 ChillyChilumba (town, northern Malawi) : to 1966

Deep BayChimanimani (town, eastern Zimbabwe) :

1980–1982 Mandidzuzure; to 1980 MelsetterChimkent see ShymkentChimoio (city, south central Mozambique) :

1916–1975 Vila PeryChina (republic, eastern and central Asia) : [Chi-

nese Zhonghua]; formerly English Cathay (TheEnglish name, related to Kitay, the Russianname of China, is preserved in commercial usefor the Cathay Pacific airline, based in HongKong.)

Chinese Turkestan see Xinjiang UygurChinhoyi (town, north central Zimbabwe) : to

1980 SinoyaChinnai see 2KrasnogorskChinnereth, Sea of see Galilee, Sea ofChinomiji see TyatinoChioggia (town, northern Italy) : Roman Fossa

Clodia

Chipata (town, southeastern Zambia) : to 1964Fort Jameson

Chipinga see ChipingeChipinge (town, eastern Zimbabwe) : to 1980

ChipingaChipuriro see GuruveChirchiq (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : 1932–

1934 Russian Komsomol’sky; to 1932 RussianKirgiz-Kulak

Chirk (town, northern Wales) : Welsh Y WaunChisasibi (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :

formerly Fort GeorgeChishima-retto see Kuril IslandsChi£inQu (city, central Moldova) : (Russian

Kishinyov); 1919–1940 Romanian Chi£inQu;1812–1918 Russian Kishinyov

Chistyakovo see TorezChitato (town, northeastern Angola) : to c.1975

Portuguese PortugáliaChitipa (town, northern Malawi) : to 1966 Fort

HillChittaranjan (town, northeastern India) : to

1966 MihidjanChiusi (town, central Italy) : Roman ClusiumChivhu (town, central Zimbabwe) : to 1980

EnkeldoornChizhev see Czy∞ewChkalov (island, eastern Russia) : to 1936 UddChkalov see OrenburgChkalove (village, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Chkalovo); to 1939 Novomykolayivka (Rus-sian Novonikolayevka)

Chkalovo (town, northern Kazakhstan) : to 1939Bogodukhovka

Chkalovo see ChkaloveChkalovsk (town, western Russia) : 1927–1937

Vasilyovo; to 1927 Vasilyova Sloboda1Chkalovskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1939

Shikhirdany2Chkalovskoye (village, southeastern Russia) : to

1939 ZenkovkaChlumec (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 German KulmChobienia (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Köben an der OderChocianów (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German KotzenauChociwel (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German FreienwaldeChodau see ChodovChodov (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German ChodauChodzie∞ (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1918, 1939–1945 German KolmarChojna (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Königsberg

Chetumal 46

Chojnice (town, north central Poland) : to 1918,1939–1945 German Konitz

Chojnów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945German Hoynau

Chókwé (town, southern Mozambique) : 1971–1980 Portuguese Trigo de Morais; 1963–1971Portuguese Vila Trigo de Moraes; 1960–1964Portuguese Vila Alferes Chamusca; to 1960 Guijá

Choloma (town, northwestern Honduras) : toearly 1930s Spanish El Paraíso

Chomolungma see Everest, Mt.Chomutov (city, northwestern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 German KomotauChong-Ak-Dzhol see Jangy-JolChongqing (city, south central China) : tradi-

tionally ChungkingChop (town, western Ukraine) : 1944–1945

Czech Top; 1938–1944 Hungarian Csap;1919–1938 Czech Top; to 1918 Hungarian Csap

1Chornomors’ke (town, southern Ukraine, nearYevpatoriya) : (Russian Chernomorskoye); to1944 Ak-Mechet’

2Chornomors’ke (town, southern Ukraine, nearOdessa) : (Russian Chernomorskoye);1945–1988 Gvardiys’ke (Russian Gvardeyskoye);to 1945 Chebanka

Chortkiv (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Chortkov); to 1939 Polish Czortków

Chortkov see ChortkivChorzów (city, southern Poland) : formerly

Królewska Huta; to 1921, 1939–1945 GermanKönigshütte (The city passed from Germany toPoland in 1921 and gained its current name in1934 on the union of Królewska Huta withthree other villages.)

Choson see KoreaChoszczno (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German ArnswaldeChotfibo† (town, central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German ChotieborschChotieborsch see Chotfibo†Choybalsan (city, eastern Mongolia) : 1931–1946

Bayan Tumen; to 1931 San BeiseChristburg see Dzierzgoü1Christchurch (city, southeastern New Zealand)

: originally Canterbury2Christchurch (village, southeastern Wales) :

Eglwys y Drindod (The village is now a districtof the city of Newport.)

Christiania see OsloChristiansville see KingsportChristieville see IbervilleChristmas Island see KiritimatiChrysopolis see ÜsküdarChrzanów (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945

German Krenau

Chubarivka see PolohyChubarovka see PolohyChuchelná (village, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1919, 1938–1945 German KutelnaChudskoye see Peipus, LakeChungking see ChongqingChuquisaca see SucreChur (town, eastern Switzerland) : French Coire;

Italian Coira; Roman Curia RhaetorumChurchill (river, Newfoundland and Labrador,

eastern Canada) : to 1965 Hamilton (The rivershould not be confused with the much longerriver of the same name in Manitoba.)

Churchill Falls (Newfoundland and Labrador,eastern Canada) : to 1965 Grand Falls (Thefalls, in Labrador, should be distinguishedfrom the falls for which the town of GrandFalls, Newfoundland, is named.)

Churchville see SweetsburgChurubay-Nura see 1AbayChusetown see SeymourChusovoy (town, western Russia) : to 1933

Chusovskoy ZavodChusovskoy Zavod see ChusovoyChust see KhustChuuk (islands, central Micronesia) : formerly

TrukChwitffordd see WhitfordChyerven’ (town, central Belarus) : (Russian

Cherven’); to 1924 Russian IgumenChyorny Rynok see KochubeyChystyakove see TorezChythri see KythreaChyzhew see Czy∞ewCiarraí see 1KerryCidade de Minas see Belo HorizonteCiechanów (town, north central Poland) :

1940–1945 German ZichenauCiechocinek (town, north central Poland) :

1939–1945 German HermannsbadCiénaga (city, northern Colombia) : originally

Aldea GrandeCienfuegos (city, central Cuba) : originally Fer-

nandina de Jagua (The city was renamed fol-lowing the destruction of the original settle-ment in a storm in 1825.)

Cieplice ¡lRskie Zdrój (town, southwesternPoland) : to 1945 German Bad Warmbrunn(The town is now part of the city of JeleniaGóra.)Tierne (town, northwestern Slovakia) :

1938–1939 Polish Czarne BeskidzkieCieszyn (city, southern Poland) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German Teschen (Cieszyn lies onthe border with the Czech Republic, facingTeskï Tfi§ín across the Olza River, and origi-

47 Cieszyn

nally formed a single entity with it. In 1920the city was divided into two towns, that onthe Polish side being known to the Czechs asPolskï Tfi§ín. In 1938 the two were reunitedunder Polish rule. The German name thus re-lates to the whole city, which in 1945 was re-turned to Poland. From 1938 to 1939 the rail-road station in Teskï Tfi§ín bore the Polishname Cieszyn Zachodni, “Western Cieszyn.”)

Cieszyn Zachodni see Teskï Tfi§ínCilgeti see KilgettyCill Airne see KillarneyCill Chainnigh see KilkennyCill Chaoi see KilkeeCill Chaoil see KilkeelCill Dalua see KillaloeCill Droichid see CelbridgeCilli see CeljeCill Mhantáin see WicklowCill Mocheallóg see KilmallockCill na Mallach see ButtevantCill Rois see KilrushCîmpulung (town, south central Romania) : to

1918 German KimpolungCincinnati (city, Ohio, east central United

States) : to 1790 LosantivilleCinco de Outubro see Xá-MutebaCintra see SintraCionn tSáile see KinsaleCirencester (town, west central England) :

Roman CoriniumCirò (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek

CrimissaCirta see ConstantineCistercium see CîteauxCîteaux (village, eastern France) : Roman Cister-

ciumCitlaltépetl (volcano, east central Mexico) : al-

ternate OrizabaCity of Kansas see 1Kansas CityCiudad Altamirano (town, southwestern Mex-

ico) : to 1936 PungarabatoCiudad Arce (rown, west central El Salvador) :

to c.1948 El ChilamatalCiudad Barrios (town, eastern El Salvador) : to

1913 CacaguatiqueCiudad Bolívar (city, eastern Venezuela) : to

1846 Angostura (The full form of the originalname was San Tomás de la Nueva Guayana dela Angostura.)

Ciudad Colón (town, central Costa Rica) : for-merly Pacaca

Ciudad Darío (town, west central Nicaragua) :formerly Metapa

Ciudad de las Casas see San Cristóbal de lasCasas

Ciudad del Este (city, eastern Paraguay) : to1989 Puerto Presidente Stroessner; earlier PuertoFlor de Lis

Ciudad de San Cristóbal see San Cristóbal delas Casas

Ciudad Guayana (city, eastern Venezuela) : for-merly Santo Tomé de Guayana

Ciudad Guzmán (city, southwestern Mexico) :formerly Zapotlán el Grande

Ciudad Hidalgo (city, west central Mexico) :formerly Villa Hidalgo

Ciudad Ixtepec (city, southern Mexico) : for-merly San Jerónimo Ixtepec

Ciudad Juárez (city, northern Mexico) : to 1888El Paso del Norte (The city, on the Rio Grandeopposite El Paso, United States, originally in-cluded settlements on both sides of the riverbut these were split by the 1848 Treaty ofGuadalupe Hidalgo and the Mexican townwas renamed 40 years later. For the treatytown’s name, see Gustavo A. Madero.)

Ciudad Madero (city, northeastern Mexico) : to1930 Villa de Cecilia

Ciudad Mante (city, northeastern Mexico) : for-merly Villa Juárez

Ciudad Mendoza (city, eastern Mexico) : for-merly Santa Rosa

Ciudad Porfirio Díaz see Piedras NegrasCiudad Real de Chiapa see San Cristóbal de

las CasasCiudad Sandino (town, northwestern Nica-

ragua) : formerly El JícaroCiudad Tecúm Umán (town, southwestern

Guatemala) : formerly AyutlaCiudad Trujillo see Santo DomingoCiudad Venustiano Carranza (town, western

Mexico) : formerly San GabrielCividale del Friuli (town, northeastern Italy) :

Roman Forum JuliiCivita Castellana (town, central Italy) : Roman

Falerii Novi; earlier Roman Falerii VeteresCivitas Altae Ripae see BrzegCivitas Ebroicorum see ÉvreuxCivitas Nemetum see SpeyerCivitas Nova see AlessandriaCivitas Tricassium see TroyesCivitavecchia (town, western Italy) : Roman

Trajani Portus; earlier Roman Centum CellaeClairfontaine see El AouinetClam Lake see CadillacClare (county, western Ireland) : Irish An ClárClarium see ChiariClark’s City see LivingstonClarksdale (town, Mississippi, southeastern

United States) : originally ClarksvilleClarksville see (1) Beeton; (2) Clarksdale

Cieszyn Zachodni 48

Clastidium see CasteggioClausentum see BitterneClawdd Offa see Offa’s DykeClazomenae see KlazumenCleaveland see ClevelandClementsport (village, Nova Scotia, eastern

Canada) : to 1851 Moose RiverClermont (town, south central France) : Roman

Augustonemetum (In 1630 Clermont unitedwith neighboring Montferrand to form thecity of Clermont-Ferrand.)

Cleveland (city, Ohio, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1832 Cleaveland

Cleves see KleveClifden (town, western Ireland) : Irish An

ClochánClifton see Niagara FallsClinton (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1844 The CornersClodian Way see ViaCloich na Coillte see ClonakiltyClonakilty (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish

Cloich na CoillteClones (town, northern Ireland) : Irish Cluain

EoisClonmacnoise (village, central Ireland) : Irish

Cluain Mhic NóisClonmel (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Cluain

MealaCluain Cearbán see LouisburghCluain Eois see ClonesCluainín see ManorhamiltonCluain Meala see ClonmelCluain Mhic Nóis see ClonmacnoiseCluj (town, northwestern Romania) : to 1918,

1940–1945 Hungarian Kolozsvár; to 1867 Ger-man Klausenburg (Cluj united with neighbor-ing Napoca in the mid–1970s to form the cityof Cluj-Napoca.)

Clunia see FeldkirchClusium see ChiusiClutha (river, southern New Zealand) : Maori

Matau; formerly MolyneuxClutha Ferry see BalcluthaClyde see WairoaClyde River (village, Nunavut, northeastern

Canada) : alternate Inuit KangiqtugaapikCoalbanks see LethbridgeCoal Harbour see WesleyvilleCoatzacoalcos (city, east central Mexico) : for-

merly Spanish Puerto MéxicoCóbh (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish An

Cóbh; 1849–1922 English QueenstownCoblenz see KoblenzCoca (town, eastern Ecuador) : formerly Spanish

Puerto Francisco de Orellana

Cochabamba (city, central Bolivia) : to 1786Spanish Villa de Oropeza

Cochato see RandolphCoco (river, northern Nicaragua) : formerly

Spanish SegoviaCocos Islands (eastern Indian Ocean) : formerly

Keeling IslandsCoed-duon see BlackwoodCoelho Neto (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1939

CurralinhoCoffs Harbour (town, New South Wales, eastern

Australia) : to 1861 BrelsfordCognac (town, southwestern France) : Roman

ComniacumCohansey Bridge see BridgetonCoill an Chollaigh see BailieboroughCoimbra (city, west central Portugal) : Roman

AeminiumCoira see ChurCoire see ChurColbert see Aïn OulmeneColchester (city, southeastern England) : Roman

CamulodunumÇölemerik see HakkâriColeraine (town, northern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Cúil RaithinColigny (town, north central South Africa) : to

c.1918 TreurfonteinColinas (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 PicosCollege Park (city, Georgia, southeastern United

States) : to 1895 ManchesterCollegeville see East LansingColleville-Montgomery (village, northwestern

France) : to 1946 Colleville-sur-OrneColleville-sur-Orne see Colleville-Mont-

gomeryColliston see GowanbankCologne (city, western Germany) : [German

Köln]; Roman Colonia Agrippinensis. (TheRoman city, with full title Colonia Claudia AraAgrippinensium, was founded by the emperorClaudius and named in honor of his wife, JuliaAgrippina.)

Colomb-Béchar see BécharColón (city, north central Panama) : to 1890 As-

pinwallColonia (city, southwestern Uruguay) : originally

Colônia do Sacramento (The city’s full Spanishname is Colonia del Sacramento, translating theoriginal Portuguese.)

Colonia Agrippinensis see CologneColonia del Sacramento see ColoniaColônia do Sacramento see ColoniaColonia Julia Fanestris see FanoColonia Leopoldina (town, northeastern Brazil)

: to 1944 Leopoldina

49 Colonia Leopoldina

Colonia Mineira see Siqueira CamposColonias see PandoColomb-Béchar see BécharColorado City see YumaColorado Springs (city, Colorado, west central

United States) : originally Fountain Colony1Columbia (city, Missouri, central United States)

: to 1821 Smithton2Columbia (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to 1790 Wright’s Ferry (Thename was changed when the town was underconsideration as a possible U.S. capital.)

1Columbus (city, Indiana, north central UnitedStates) : originally Tiptona

2Columbus (city, Mississippi, southern UnitedStates) : to 1821 Possum Town

Colville, Cape (northern New Zealand) : MaoriMoehau

Colville Town see NanaimoColwyn Bay (town, northern Wales) : Welsh Bae

ColwynComacchio (town, northern Italy) : Roman

ComaciumComacium see ComacchioComandante Arbues see MirandópolisComayagua (city, west central Honduras) : origi-

nally Valladolid de Santa María de ComayaguaComber (town, eastern Northern Ireland) : Irish

An ComarComitán (city, southeastern Mexico) : formerly

Comitán de las Flores (The city’s present fullname is Comitán de Domínguez.)

Comitán de Dominguez see ComitánComitán de las Flores see ComitánCommencement City see TacomaCommerce see NauvooCommerce City see 3CantonCommunism Peak see Ismoili Somoni, PeakComniacum see CognacComo (city, northern Italy) : Roman ComumCompany Shops see 1BurlingtonCompendium see CompiègneCompiègne (town, northern France) : Roman

CompendiumComplutum see Alcalá de HenaresComum see ComoComunanza (village, central Italy) : c.1937–1945

Comunanza del LittorioComunanza del Littorio see ComunanzaConca see CuencaConcangis see Chester-le-StreetConceição de Macabu (town, southeastern

Brazil) : to 1943 MacabuConceição do Almeida (town, eastern Brazil) :

to 1944 Portuguese Afonso PenaConceição do Paraíba see Capela

1Concord (city, California, western UnitedStates) : to 1869 Todos Santos

2Concord (town, Massachusetts, northeasternUnited States) : originally Musketaquid

3Concord (city, New Hampshire, northeasternUnited States) : to 1765 Penacook Plantation

Condate see (1) Northwich; (2) Rennes;(3) St.-Claude

Condé-Smendou see Zighoud YoucefCondivincum see NantesConemaugh see JohnstownConfluentes see KoblenzCongo (river, west central Africa) : alternate

Zaire or Zaïre (The name Zaire is preferredin Angola, and Zaïre in the Democratic Re-public of the Congo, whose former name itgave.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the (centralAfrica) : 1971–1997 Zaïre; 1965–1971 Congo(Kinshasa); 1960–1965 Congo (Léopoldville);1908–1960 Belgian Congo; 1885–1908 CongoFree State

Congo, Republic of the (western Africa) : 1960–1970 Congo (Brazzaville); 1958–1960 CongoAutonomous Republic; 1883–1958 Middle Congo(If the name Congo alone is used, it is thiscountry that is usually meant.)

Congo Autonomous Republic see Congo, Re-public of the

Congo (Brazzaville) see Congo, Republic ofthe

Congo Free State see Congo, Democratic Re-public of the

Congo (Kinshasa) see Congo, Democratic Re-public of the

Congo (Léopoldville) see Congo, DemocraticRepublic of the

Congonhas (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1948Congonhas do Campo

Congonhas do Campo see CongonhasConnacht (region, western Ireland) : traditional

English Connaught (The traditional form ofthe name became familiar as a ducal title andhence from its use as a fashionable street orcommercial name, as London’s ConnaughtSquare and Connaught hotel.)

Connah’s Quay (town, northeastern Wales) :Welsh Cei Connah

Connaught see ConnachtConnecticut Farms see 1UnionConquista see Vitória da ConquistaConselheiro Lafaiete (city, southeastern Brazil) :

formerly LueluzConsentia see CosenzaConstance see KonstanzConstance, Lake (northeastern

Colonia Mineira 50

Switzerland/southwestern Germany) : [Ger-man Bodensee]; Roman Brigantinus Lacus

Constan´a (city, southeastern Romania) : to 1878Turkish Küstenja; Roman Constantiana; an-cient Greek Tomi

Constantia see (1) Coutances, (2) KonstanzConstantiana see Constan´aConstantine (city, northeastern Algeria) : [Ara-

bic Qusantnnah]; Roman CirtaConstantinople see IstanbulConstant’s Warehouse see SuffolkConway see ConwyConwy (town, northern Wales) : formerly En-

glish ConwayCook, Mt. (southwestern New Zealand) : Maori

AorangiCookstown (town, central Northern Ireland) :

Irish An Chorr ChríochachCoolgardie (town, Western Australia, south-

western Australia) : formerly Fly Flat; earlierBayley’s Reward; originally Gnaralbine

Coolidge, Mt. (South Dakota, north centralUnited States) : to 1927 Sheep Mountain

Coos Bay (town, Oregon, northwestern UnitedStates) : to 1944 MarshfieldTop see ChopCopenhagen (city, eastern Denmark) : [Danish

København]Copperbelt (province, northern Zambia) : to

1969 Western (The province was renamedwhen the earlier name was reassigned to Barot-seland in western Zambia.)

Copper City see ValdezCoppermine see KugluktukCopperopolis see AnacondaCoptos see QiftCoquilhatville see (1) Équateur; (2) MbandakaCora see CoriCora Droma Rúisc see Carrick-on-ShannonCoral Harbour (village, Nunavut, northern

Canada) : alternate Inuit SalliqCorbeil (town, northern France) : Roman Cor-

bilium (In 1951 Corbeil was united with neigh-boring Essonnes to form the town of Corbeil-Essonnes.)

Corbilium see CorbeilCorbinton see HillsboroughCorbridge (town, northeastern England) :

Roman Corstopitum (Although traditionallyapplied to the town, the Roman name is al-most certainly corrupt, and was probablycloser to Coriosopitum. Moreover, it properlyapplied to the nearby site now named Cor-chester, not to the town itself.)

Corcaigh see CorkCorcyra see Corfu

Cordeiro see CordeirópolisCordeirópolis (town, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 CordeiroCordillera (department, central Paraguay) : to

1944 CaraguatayCórdoba (city, southern Spain) : traditional En-

glish Cordova; Roman CordubaCordova see CórdobaCorduba see CórdobaCoreaú (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

PalmaCorfu (island, western Greece) : [modern Greek

Kérkira]; Roman Corcyra (The island gainedits present Italian name when a Venetian pos-session from 1386 to 1797.)

Cori (town, south central Italy) : Roman CoraCorinium see Cirencester1Corinth (city, southeastern Greece) : [modern

Greek Kórinthos]2Corinth (town, Mississippi, southeastern

United States) : to 1857 Cross CityCoriosopitum see CorbridgeCorito see CortonaCork (city, southern Ireland) : Irish CorcaighCorneille see MerouanaCorneto see TarquiniaCornouaille (region, northwestern France) :

[Breton Kernev-veur]1Cornwall (county, southwestern England) :

Cornish Kernow2Cornwall (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1797 New JohnstonCoro (city, northwestern Venezuela) : originally

Santa Ana de CorianaCorona (city, California, southwestern United

States) : to 1896 South RiversideCoronium see La CoruñaCorrientes (city, northeastern Argentina) : origi-

nally San Juan de Vera de las Siete CorrientesCorse see CorsicaCorsica (island, northwestern Mediterranean) :

[French Corse]Corstopitum see CorbridgeCortazar (city, north central Mexico) : to 1857

San José de los AmolesCortona (city, central Italy) : Roman CoritoCortracum see KortrijkCorumbá see Corumbá de GoiásCorumbá de Goiás (town, central Brazil) : to

1944 CorumbáCorumbalina (town, central Brazil) : to 1933

Portuguese Santa CruzCorunna see La CoruñaCorupá (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 HansaCorvallis (city, Oregon, northwestern United

States) : to 1853 Marysville

51 Corvallis

Corvallis see NorwalkCoryel’s Ferry see (1) Lambertville; (2) New

HopeCosa see AnsedoniaCosedia see CoutancesCosel see KoØleCosenza (city, southern Italy) : Roman ConsentiaCosta de Monte Grande see San IsidroCosta Mesa (city, California, western United

States) : to 1921 HarperCostermansville see BukavuCôte d’Ivoire see Ivory CoastCôte-Notre-Dame-de-Liesse see Côte-St.-LucCôte-St.-Luc (city, Quebec, southeastern Can-

ada) : formerly Côte-Notre-Dame-de-Liesse(The city is now a suburb of Montreal.)

Côtes-d’Armor (department, northwesternFrance) : to 1990 Côtes-du-Nord

Côtes-du-Nord see Côtes-d’ArmorCo´man see Kitsman’Cotopaxi (province, north central Ecuador) : to

1939 Spanish LeónCotrone see CrotoneCottage City see Oak BluffsCottage Hill see ElmhurstCourtrai see KortrijkCoutances (town, northwestern France) : Roman

Constantia; earlier Celtic CosediaCovilhã (city, east central Portugal) : Roman

Silia HermiaCowansville (town, Quebec, southeastern

Canada) : to 1876 NelsonvilleCowbridge (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Y

Bont-faen; Roman BoviumCow Commons see SomervilleCowford see 1JacksonvilleCowpastures see 1CamdenCoxim (city, western Brazil) : 1939–1948 Her-

culâniaCracow see KrakówCrane Creek see MelbourneCraneville see CranfordCranford (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1871 CranevilleCrayford (town, southeastern England) : Roman

NoviomagusCrescent City see GreymouthCreswell see Arkansas CityCrete (island, southern Greece) : [modern Greek

Kríti]; Roman CandiaCrickhowell (village, southeastern Wales) :

Welsh CrucywelCrimea (peninsula, southern Ukraine) : [Ukrain-

ian and Russian Krym]; formerly Taurida(Russian Tavrida); ancient Greek Chersonesus(The Greek name, meaning literally “dry is-

land,” applied to a number of peninsulas inEurope. This one was known to the Romans asChersonesus Taurica, “Tauric Chersonese,” asdistinct from the Chersonesus Thracia, “Thra-cian Chersonese,” or Gallipoli Peninsula. Thecity of Kherson in the southwestern Crimeahas a name of the same origin. See also MalayPeninsula.)

Crimissa see CiròCristina see CristinápolisCristinápolis (town, northeastern Brazil) : to

1944 CristinaCrna Gora see 1MontenegroCroatia (republic, southeastern Europe) :

[Serbo-Croat Hrvatska]Crococalana see 1BroughCrocodilopolis see El FaiyumCrook’s Rapids see 2HastingsCross City see 2CorinthCrossen see (1) Krosno; (2) Krosno Odrzaü-

skieCrossing on the Missouri see BismarckCross Plains see DaltonCross River (state, southeastern Nigeria) : to

1976 South-EasternCrossroads see New MarketCrotona see CrotoneCrotone (town, southern Italy) : to 1928 Cotrone;

Roman CrotonaCrucywel see CrickhowellCruzeiro see JoaçabaCruzeiro do Sul see JoaçabaCsaca see TadcaCsáktornya see TakovecCsap see ChopCseklész see BernolákovoCsikszereda see Miercurea CiucCsorba see ¶trbaCuamba (city, northwestern Mozambique) :

1942–1975, Portuguese Nova FreixoCuando (river, southeastern Angola/southwest-

ern Zambia) : alternate Kwando (The river isknown by the Portuguese name Cuando in An-gola and as Kwando in Zambia, for part of itscourse forming the border between the twocountries. Cp. Cuango.)

Cuango (river, northern Angola/western Demo-cratic Republic of the Congo) : alternateKwango (The river is known by the Portuguesename Cuango in Angola and as Kwango in theDemocratic Republic of the Congo, for part ofits course forming the border between the twocountries. Cp. Cuando.)

Cuatreros see General Daniel CerriCuatro de Junio see La TomaCubujuquí see Heredia

Corvallis 52

Cúcuta (city, northeastern Colombia) : to 1793San José de Guasimal (The city’s full name isSan José de Cúcuta)

Cuenca (city, east central Spain) : RomanConca

Cuevas del Almanzora (town, southeasternSpain) : formerly Cuevas de Vera

Cuevas de Vera see Cuevas del AlmanzoraCuicul see DjemilaCúil an tSúdaire see PortarlingtonCúil Raithin see ColeraineCulebra see DeweyCulebra Cut see Gaillard CutCulm see CheùmnoCulmsee see Cheùm∞aCuma see BlagoevgradCumaná (city, northeastern Venezuela) : origi-

nally Nueva CórdobaCumbe see Euclides da CunhaCumberland (city, Maryland, northeastern

United States) : to 1763 Will’s CreekCunetio see MildenhallCupcina (village, northern Moldova) : formerly

Russian Kalininsk=uprija (town, east central Serbia) : to 1830

Turkish KöprüCurador see Presidente DutraCuria Rhaetorum see ChurCuricó (city, central Chile) : originally San José

de Buena Vista de CuricóCurralinho see Coelho NetoCurt-Bunar see TervelCurzola see KorVulaCushnoc see 2AugustaCuyo see Puerto PrincesaCwmbran (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

CwmbrânCwmbrân see CwmbranCwm Ogwr see Ogmore ValeCybinka (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man ZiebingenCyclades (islands, southeastern Greece) : [mod-

ern Greek Kikládhes]Cydonia see CaneaCydweli see KidwellyCymru see WalesCyprus (island republic, eastern Mediterranean)

: [modern Greek Kypros; Turkish Kibris] (Thesouthern two-thirds of Cyprus are occupied byGreece, the original and still internationallyrecognized government of the island. Thenorthern third is occupied by Turkey, who in1983 unilaterally proclaimed it the Turkish Re-public of Northern Cyprus.)

Cyrene see Sha∏∏ItCyropolis see Khujand

Czaplinek (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Tempelburg

Czarna Woda (town, northern Poland) : to 1918,1939–1945 German Schwarzwasser

Czarne (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Hammerstein

Czarne Beskidzkie see TierneCzarnikau see CzarnkówCzarnków (town, western Poland) : 1939–1945

German Scharnikau; 1793–1919 GermanCzarnikau

Czechoslavakia (former republic, central Eu-rope) : [Czech Teskoslovensko] (In 1993 thecountry was divided into the present CzechRepublic and Slovakia.)

Czech Republic (republic, central Europe) :[Czech Teská Republika] (The country wasformed in 1993 from the western part ofCzechoslovakia, the eastern part becomingSlovakia.)

Czernina (town, western Poland) : 1937–1945German Lesten; to 1937 German Tschirnau

Czernowitz see ChernivtsiCzdstochowa (city, southern Poland) : 1939–

1945 German TschenstochauCzùopa (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German SchloppeCzùuchów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German SchlochauCzortków see ChortkivCzy∞ew (town, eastern Poland) : 1939–1941 Be-

larussian Chyzhew; to 1915 Russian Chizhev(The town is now formally known as Czy∞ew-Osada.)

Daber see DobraDRbie (city district, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Altdamm (DRbie was incorpo-rated into what is now Szczecin in 1939.)

DRbromierz (village, southwestern Poland) : to1945 German Hohenfriedeberg

DRbrowa Górnicza (city, southwestern Poland) :1939–1945 German Dombrowa; to 1915 Rus-sian Dombrova

DRbrowno (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Gilgenburg

Dacca see DhakaDachnoye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese ShimbaDaVice (town, southern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German DatschitzDagon see YangônDahomey see BeninDaingean (village, east central Ireland) : Irish An

Daingean; to 1920 PhilipstownDairbhre see 3ValenciaDairen see Dalian

53 Dairen

Dairyland see La PalmaDajabón (province, northwestern Dominican

Republic) : to 1961 Spanish LibertadorDakhla (town, western Western Sahara) : alter-

nate Ad Dakhla; to 1976 Spanish Villa CisnerosDalarna (region, west central Sweden) : formerly

DalecarliaDalby (town, Queensland, eastern Australia) : to

1854 Myall Creek StationDalecarlia see DalarnaDalence see Teniente Bullaín1Dali (city, southern China) : to 1980s Xiaguan

(The city’s present name is that of its formerprefecture.)

2Dali (village, central Cyprus) : Roman Idalium;ancient Greek Idalion

Dalian (city, eastern China) : 1945–1955 RussianDal’ny; 1905–1945 Japanese Dairen; 1898–1905Russian Dal’ny (The city subsequently mergedwith Lüshun, combining the first part of eachname to become Lüda.)

Dalipnagar see BannuDalle see Yirga AlemDalmacija see DalmatiaDalmatia (region, southern Croatia) : [Serbo-

Croat Dalmacija]Dal’negorsk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1972

TetyukheDal’nerechensk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1973

ImanDal’ny see DalianDalton (city, Georgia, southeastern United

States) : originally Cross PlainsDalyan (village, southwestern Turkey) : ancient

Greek CaunusDamanhur (city, northern Egypt) : Roman Her-

mopolis ParvaDamascus (city, southwestern Syria) : [Arabic

Dimashq; alternate Arabic Ash ShIm] (Thecity’s alternate Arabic name, meaning “thenorth,” is identical to that of Syria.)

Damietta (city, northern Egypt) : [ArabicDumyI™]

Da Nang (city, central Vietnam) : French colo-nial Tourane

Danastris see DniesterDanby see Glen EllynDancalia Meridionale see AssabDangriga (town, central Belize) : formerly Stann

CreekDanish West Indies see Virgin Islands of the

United StatesDanmark see DenmarkDansalan see MarawiDanube (river, central Europe) : [Bulgarian

Dunav; German Donau; Hungarian Duna;

Romanian DunQrea; Russian Dunay]; RomanDanubius (The Romans were in awe of theDanube. In his Panegyricus Pliny writes: Mag-num est, imperator auguste, magnum est stare inDanubii ripa, “It is a great thing, O noble em-peror, great, to stand on the banks of theDanube.”)

Danubius see DanubeDanum see DoncasterDanvers (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1775 Salem VillageDanzig see GdaüskDaoud see Aïn BeïdaDapsang see K2Dara Dere see ZlatogradDarasun see Vershino-DarasunskyDardanelles (strait, northwestern Turkey) : tra-

ditional English Hellespont (The classicalname, associated in legend with the Greeklovers Hero and Leander, is historically famedfrom the crossing of the strait by the Persianking Xerxes in 480 B.C. in his invasion ofGreece and that of Alexander the Great in 334B.C. in his expedition against Persia.)

Dardania see KosovoDar el Beida (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French Maison Blanche (The French colonialname was also that of Casablanca.)

Dar el Beida see CasablancaDarqdere see ZlatogradDarien (town, Georgia, southeastern United

States) : originally New InvernessDarkau see DarkovDarkehmen see OzyorskDarkov (village, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939–

1945 German Darkau; 1938–1939 Polish Dar-ków; to 1918 German Darkau

Darków see DarkovDarùowo (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German RügenwaldeDarwin (city, Northern Territory, northern Aus-

tralia) : to 1911 PalmerstonDashev see DashivDashiv (village, central Ukraine) : (Russian Da-

shev); to c.1930 Staryy Dashiv (Russian StaryDashev)

Dashkesan see Da£käsänDashtobod (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : for-

merly Russian Ul’yanovo; to 1974 RussianObruchevo

Da£käsän (town, western Azerbaijan) : (RussianDashkesan); to 1948 Russian Verkhny Dashke-san

Da£oguz (city, northern Turkmenistan) : to 1994Russian Tashauz

Datschitz see DaVice

Dairyland 54

Dauba see DubáDaugavgriva see DaugavgrnvaDaugavgrnva (town, northern Latvia) : (Russian

Daugavgriva); 1917–1918, 1940–1944 GermanDünamünde; to 1917 Russian Ust’-Dvinsk

Daugavpils (city, southeastern Latvia) : 1941–1944 German Dünaburg; 1893–1920 RussianDvinsk; 1656–1667, Russian Borisoglebsk; to1656 German Dünaburg

Daulatabad (village, western India) : to 1327Devagiri

Dauphin Island (Alabama, southeastern UnitedStates) : to 1708 Massacre Island

David-Gorodok see Davyd HaradokDavos (town, eastern Switzerland) : Romansh

TavauDavyd-Haradok (town, southern Belarus) :

(Russian David-Gorodok); 1919–1939 PolishDawidgródek; to 1919 Russian David-Gorodok

Dawidgródek see Davyd-HaradokDawley see TelfordDawson (village, Yukon Territory, northwestern

Canada) : formerly Dawson CityDawson City see DawsonDax (town, southwestern France) : Roman Aquae

Augustae; earlier Roman Aquae TarbellicaeDayton (town, Tennessee, southeastern United

States) : to 1895 Smith’s CrossroadsDead Sea (eastern West Bank/western Jordan) :

[Arabic Ba∏r L¨t]; alternate biblical Salt Sea;Roman Mare Mortuum

Dearborn (city, Michigan, northeastern UnitedStates) : 1833–1893 Dearbornville; previouslyPekin; earlier Bucklin; originally Ten Eyck

Dearbornville see DearbornDeath Valley (California, western United States)

: locally Tomesha (The great depression, now anational park, received its English name in1849 from goldseekers attempting to cross it.)

Debar (town, western Macedonia) : to 1913Turkish Dibra; Roman Deborus

Ddbica (town, southeastern Poland) : 1939–1945German Dembica

Ddblin (town, eastern Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-man Demblin; to 1915 Russian Ivangorod

Ddbno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Neudamm

Deborus see DebarDebrecen (city, eastern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-

man DebreczinDebreczin see DebrecenDebrzno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Preussisch-FriedlandDe Cantillon see North Little RockDfiVín (city, northern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German Tetschen

Dedeagaç see AlexandroúpolisDedeagach see AlexandroúpolisDedford see East GreenwichDedovsk (town, western Russia) : 1925–1940

Dedovsky; to 1925 GuchkovoDedovsky see DedovskDee (river, northeastern Wales/northwestern En-

gland) : Welsh Dyfrdwy; Roman Deva (TheRoman name gave that of the city of Chester,which stands on the river.)

Deep Bay see ChilumbaDeep Hollow see ScrantonDeep River (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1947 SaybrookDeer Creek see RoseburgDeerfield (town, Illinois, central United States) :

originally Cadwell’s CornersDeer Lodge (town, Montana, northwestern

United States) : originally La BargeDegirmenlik see KythreaDehqonobod (village, southern Uzbekistan) :

(Russian Dekhkanabad); to c.1935 Tengi-Kharam

Deichow see DychówDej (city, northwestern Romania) : to 1918,

1940–1944 Hungarian DésDe Kalb (city, Illinois, central United States) : to

1856 Buena VistaDekhkanabad see DehqonobodDe Laage Prairie see South HollandDelatyn see DelyatynDelaware see Cherry HillDelémont (town, northwestern Switzerland) :

German DelsbergDelhi (city, northern India) : alternate official

New Delhi; alternate popular Old Delhi; localalternate Shahjahanabad (Delhi is really twocities in one. The local name refers to ShahJahan, who built the seventh city of Delhi in1638. Construction of New Delhi, just south ofOld Delhi, began in 1912, and the capital wasmoved there from the older city in 1931.)

Dél ine (village, Northwest Territories, north-western Canada) : to 1999 Fort Franklin

Delray see Delray BeachDelray Beach (city, Florida, southeastern United

States) : to 1923 DelrayDel Rio (city, Texas, southern United States) : to

1833 San Felipe del RioDelsberg see DelémontDelvinë (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921

modern Greek DelvinonDelvinon see DelvinëDelyatin see DelyatynDelyatyn (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Delyatin); to 1939 Polish Delatyn

55 Delyatyn

De Malherbe see Aïn TolbaDembica see DdbicaDemblin see DdblinDemersville see VictoriavilleDemidov (town, western Russia) : to 1918

Porech’yeDemirhisar see SidirókastroDem’yanovka see Uzynkol’Denali see McKinley, Mt.Denali National Park and Preserve (Alaska,

northwestern United States) : to 1980 Mt.McKinley National Park

Denbigh (town, northern Wales) : Welsh Din-bych

Den Bosch see ’s-HertogenboschDendera (village, eastern Egypt) : ancient Greek

TentyraDendermonde (town, northern Belgium) :

French TermondeDen Haag see Hague, TheDenia (city, eastern Spain) : Roman DianiumDeniliquin (town, New South Wales, southeast-

ern Australia) : to 1850 SandhillsDeninoo Kue see Fort ResolutionDenisovka (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly OrdzhonikidzeDenmark (kingdom, northwestern Europe) :

[Danish Danmark]Denver (city, Colorado, west central United

States) : to 1858 St. CharlesDenwood see WainwrightDeodoro see PiraquaraDe Panne (town, western Belgium) : French La

PanneDerbeshka see DerbeshkinskyDerbeshkinsky (town, western Russia) : to 1940

DerbeshkaDerbinskoye see Tymovskoye1Derby (city, north central England) : Roman

Derventio (The Roman name is either that ofthe Derwent River here or of the Roman fortat Little Chester, north of the city center.)

2Derby (town, Kansas, central United States) : to1930 El Paso

Derry see LondonderryDerryfield see 2ManchesterDertona see TortonaDervent see KlisuraDerventio see (1) 1Derby; (2) Derwent; (3)

Malton; (4) PapcastleDerwent (river, northern England) : Roman

Derventio (There are several Derwent rivers inEngland, as those at 1Derby, Malton, andPapcastle, but not all had the Roman name.)

Dés see DejDescartes (town, west central France) :

1802–1967 La Haye-Descartes; to 1802 LaHaye-en-Touraine (The town first added thenwholly adopted the name of the philosopherRené Descartes, who was born here.)

Deschnaer Kuppe see Velká De§tnáDeseret see UtahDesiderii Fanum see St.-DizierDes Plaines (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1869 RandDesterro see FlorianópolisDfitmarovice (town, eastern Czech Republic) :

1939–1945 German Dittmarsdorf ; 1918–1919,1938–1939 Polish DzieWmorowice; to 1918 Ger-man Dittmarsdorf

Détrie see Sidi LahssenDetroit (city, Michigan, northeastern United

States) : originally French Fort-Pontchartrain-du-Détroit

Detskoye Selo see PushkinDeutsch-Brod see HavlíVkÀv BrodDeutschendorf see PopradDeutsch-Eylau see IùawaDeutsch-Gabel see Jablonné v Podje§tfidíDeutsch-Krawarn see Krava†eDeutsch-Krone see WaùczDeutschland see GermanyDeutsch-Proben see Nitrianske PravnoDeux-Ponts see ZweibrückenDeux-Rivières see St.-StanislasDeva (city, west central Romania) : to 1918 Hun-

garian DévaDeva see (1) 1Chester; (2) DeeDéva see DevaDevagiri see DaulatabadDevana see KintoreDévén see 2Devín1Devin (town, southwestern Bulgaria) : to 1934

Dovlen2Devín (town, southwestern Slovakia) : 1938–

1945 German Theben; to 1918 HungarianDévén; to 1867 German Theben (Devín is nowa district of Bratislava.)

Devona see KintoreDevonport (town, southwestern England) : to

1824 Plymouth Dock (The town is now a dis-trict of Plymouth.)

Dewdney see OkotoksDewey (town, eastern Puerto Rico) : to c.1940

CulebraDhahran (town, eastern Saudia Arabia) : [Arabic

A≤ ¥ahrIn]Dhaka (city, central Bangladesh) : formerly con-

ventional DaccaDiamantina (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly

TejucoDianium see Denia

De Malherbe 56

Dibio see DijonDibra see DebarDicaearchia see PozzuoliDidymoteichon (town, northeastern Greece) :

1915–1919 Bulgarian Dimotika; to 1915 TurkishDimetoka

Diedenhofen see ThionvilleDiefurt see ÕninDiégo-Suarez see AntsirananaDieppe (town, New Brunswick, eastern Canada)

: to 1946 Leger CornerDievenow see DziwnówDiez y Ocho de Julio (village, southeastern

Uruguay) : to 1909 San MiguelDignano d’Istria see VodnjanDijon (city, eastern France) : Roman Divio; al-

ternate Roman DibioDikaia (town, northeastern Greece) : 1915–1919

Bulgarian Kad≠koy; to 1913 Turkish KadqköyDiksmuide (town, western Belgium) : French

DixmudeDillon (town, Montana, northwestern United

States) : to 1881 TerminusDimashq see DamascusDimetoka see DidymoteichonDimitrov see Dymytrov1Dimitrovgrad (city, southern Bulgaria) : to 1947

Rakovski (The city was built in 1947 and in-corporated three villages, the largest of whichwas Rakovski.)

2Dimitrovgrad (city, western Russia) : to 1972Melekess

3Dimitrovgrad (town, southeastern Serbia) : to1950 Caribrod (The town was in Bulgaria from1913 to 1919.)

Dimitrovo see PernikDimotika see DidymoteichonDinbych see DenbighDinbych-y-pysgod see TenbyDingle (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish An

DaingeanDiomede Islands (eastern Russia/northwestern

United States) : alternate Russian Gvozdev Is-lands (Big Diomede, which belongs to Russia, isalternately known as Ratmanov Island.)

Dionysopolis see BalchikDioscurias see SokhumiDiospolis see ThebesDirizhabl’stroy see DolgoprudnyDirschau see TczewDisko see 1QeqertarsuaqDittmarsdorf see DfitmaroviceDivinópolis (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1912

Espírito Santo da ItapecericaDivio see DijonDivnogorsk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1963 Skit

Divodurum see MetzDivona see CahorsDixmude see DiksmuideDiyarbakqr (city, southeastern Turkey) : Roman

AmidaDjailolo see HalmaheraDjakovica (town, western Kosovo) : to 1913

Turkish YakovaDjanet (town, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962

French Fort-CharletDjemila (town, central Algeria) : Roman CuiculDjeneral Hanri see GorVe PetrovDjevdjelija see GevgelijaDjibouti (republic, eastern Africa) : 1967–

1977 Afars and Issas; 1888–1967 French Soma-liland

Djokupunda (town, south central DemocraticRepublic of the Congo) : to 1972 FrenchCharlesville

Dmanisi (town, southern Georgia) : to 1947Bashkicheti

Dmitriyevskoye see TalasDmitrovsk see Dmitrovsk-OrlovskyDmitrovsk-Orlovsky (town, western Russia) : to

1929 DmitrovskDnepr see DnieperDneprodzerzhinsk see Dniprodzerzhyns’kDnepropetrovsk see Dnipropetrovs’kDneprovskoye (village, western Russia) : to

c.1960 AndreyevskoyeDnestr see DniesterDnieper (river, western Russia) : [Russian

Dnepr]; ancient Greek BorysthenesDniester (river, western Ukraine) : [Ukrainian

Dnistro]; (Russian Dnestr); Roman Danastris;ancient Greek Tyras

Dniprodzerzhyns’k (city, east central Ukraine) :(Russian Dneprodzerzhinsk); to 1936 Kamyan-s’ke (Russian Kamenskoye)

Dnipropetrovs’k (city, south central Ukraine) :(Russian Dnepropetrovsk); 1802–1926 Katery-noslav (Russian Yekaterinoslav); 1796–1802Novorossiysk; to 1796 Katerynoslav (RussianYekaterinoslav)

Dnistro see DniesterDobbiaco (town, northern Italy) : to 1919 Ger-

man ToblachDobele (town, west central Latvia) : to 1918 Rus-

sian DoblenDoberai (peninsula, eastern Indonesia) : to 1963

Dutch VogelkopDobiegniew (town, western Poland) : to 1945

German WoldenbergDoblen see DobeleDobra (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Daber

57 Dobra

Dob†any (town, western Czech Republic) : to1918, 1939–1945 German Wiesengrund

Dobre Miasto (town, northeastern Poland) : to1945 German Guttstadt

Dobrich (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1949–1991 Tolbukhin; 1940–1949 Dobrich; 1913–1940Romanian Bazargic; 1878–1913 Dobrich; to1878 Turkish Bazarcik

Dobrinka (village, western Russia) : to c.1940Nizhnyaya Dobrinka

Dobrna (village, western Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger-man Neuhaus

Dobrodzieü (town, southern Poland) : to 1945German Guttentag

Dobromil’ see Dobromyl’Dobromyl’ (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Dobromil’); to 1939 Polish DobromilDobropillya (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Dobropol’ye); 1941–1946 Russian Krasnoarmey-sky Rudnik; c.1935–1941 Rot-Front; c.1918–c.1935 Val’dgeym; to c.1918 Russian Svyato-gorovsky Rudnik (The city’s German-influencedhistory gave the names Rot-Front, “RedFront,” and Val’dgeym, a transliteration ofWaldheim.)

Dobropol’ye see DobropillyaDobrovol’sk (town, western Russia) : 1938–1945

German Schlossberg; to 1938 German Pillkal-len

Dobroye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Naibo

Dobru§ka (town, north central Czech Republic): to 1918, 1929–1945 German Gutenfeld

Dobrzany (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Jacobshagen

Doc Penfro see Pembroke DockDoctor Petru Groza see ßteiDoha (city, eastern Qatar) : [Arabic Ad Daw∏ah]Doire see LondonderryDojran (village, southeastern Macedonia) : to

1913 Turkish DoyranDokshitsy see DokshytsyDokshukino see NartkalaDokshytsy (town, northern Belarus) : (Russian

Dokshitsy); 1919–1939 Polish DokszyceDokszyce see DokshytsyDoktor Yosifovo (village, northwestern Bulgaria)

: to 1950 V≠lkova SlatinaDokuchayevka see KaramendyDokuchayevsk see Dokuchayevs’kDokuchayevs’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Dokuchayevsk); to 1954 Olenivs’ki Kar’yery(Russian Yelenovskiye Kar’yery)

Dolban see LimanDolgellau (town, western Wales) : formerly con-

ventional Dolgelley

Dolgelley see DolgellauDolgoprudny (city, western Russia) : 1935–1938

Dirizhabl’stroyDolina see DolynaDolinsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese OchiaiDolinskaya see Dolyns’kaDolinskoye see Dolyns’keDolisie see LoubomoDolní Bene§ov (town, eastern Czech Republic) :

to 1919, 1938–1945 German BeneschauDolni Chiflik (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1989

Georgi TraykovDolnï Kubín (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian AlsókubinDolyna (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Dolina); to 1939 Polish DolinaDolyns’ka (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian

Dolinskaya); mid–1920s, 1940–1944Shevchenkove (Russian Shevchenkovo)

Dolyns’ke (village, southern Ukraine) : (RussianDolinskoye); to 1945 Valegotsulovo

Dolzhikovo-Orlovskoye see Sverdlovs’kDoma±lice (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German TausDombarovka see DombarovskyDombarovsky (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1939 DombarovkaDombasle see El HachemDombrowa see DRbrowa GórniczaDominican Republic (central West Indies) : for-

merly Santo Domingo (The former name, nowthat of the republic’s capital, was originally ap-plied to the whole island of Hispaniola ofwhich the Dominican Republic now occupiesthe eastern two thirds.)

Dominion (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada): to 1906 Dominion No. 1 (The numeric namereferred to a local mine shaft.)

Dominion City (village, Manitoba, southernCanada) : to 1878 Roseau (The name waschanged to avoid confusion with Roseau, Min-nesota, USA, and Rosseau, Ontario.)

Dominion No. 1 see DominionDomitian Way see ViaDomman-Asfal’tovy Zavod see 1LeninskyDomnau see DomnovoDomnovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German DomnauDon (river, southwestern Russia) : ancient Greek

and Roman Tanais (The classical name wasalso that of a city at the river’s estuary. SeeNedvigovka.)

Donau see DanubeDoncaster (city, north central England) : Roman

Danum

Dob†any 58

Donegal (town, northwestern Ireland) : IrishDún na nGall

Donetsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1955Gundorovka

Donetsk see Donets’kDonets’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Donetsk); 1924–1961 Stalino; to 1924 Yuzivka(Russian Yuzovka)

Donetsko-Amvrosiyevka see AmvrosiyivkaDonets’ko-Amvrosiyivka see AmvrosiyivkaDongbei see ManchuriaDong Kinh see Hanoi1Donskoye (village, western Russia, near Kalin-

ingrad) : to 1945 German Grossdirschkeim2Donskoye (village, western Russia, near

Lipetsk) : 1930s–c.1965 Vodop’yanovo; to 1930sPatriarsheye

Doornik see TournaiDorchester (town, southern England) : Roman

DurnovariaDordogne (river, southwestern France) : Roman

DuraniusDores da Boa Esperança see Boa EsperançaDoristhal see RazinoDorna Watra see Vatra DorneiDorpat see TartuDorris Bridge see AlturasDosmahlen see 1PushkinoDostyk (village, eastern Kazakhstan) : formerly

Russian DruzhbaDothan (city, Alabama, southeastern United

States) : to 1911 Dothen; originally PoplarHead

Dothen see DothanDouble Springs see GadsdenDouglas (town, Wyoming, western United

States) : originally Tent TownDouro (river, northern Spain/northern Portugal)

: alternate Spanish Duero; Roman DuriusDovbysh (town, west central Ukraine) : to 1944

Markhlevsk (From 1925 to the 1930s the regionhere was organized as a Polish district, withthe town known as Marchlewsk.)

1Dover (town, southeastern England) : RomanDubris

2Dover (city, New Hampshire, northeasternUnited States) : originally Bristol

Dover, Strait of (southeastern England/northernFrance) : French Pas de Calais (The Frenchname gave that of a department in northernFrance. Cp. English Channel.)

Dovey (river, western Wales) : Welsh Dyfi (TheEnglish form of the name gave that of Aber-dovey.)

Dovlen see 1DevinDovzhykove-Orlovs’ke see Sverdlovs’k

Downpatrick (town, southeastern Northern Ire-land) : Irish Dún Pádraig

Doyran see DojranDraa Ben Khedda (town, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French MirabeauDraa Esmar (village, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French LodiDrable see José Enrique RodóDragomirovo see 2ProletarskDrahichyn (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Rus-

sian Drogichin); 1919–1939 Polish Drohiczyn;to 1918 Russian Drogichin

Dramburg see Drawsko PomorskieDrauburg see DravogradDravograd (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to

1918, 1941–1945 German DrauburgDrawno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German NeuwedellDrawsko Pomorskie (town, northwestern

Poland) : to 1945 German DramburgDrenewydd Gelli-farch see ShirenewtonDrepanum see TrapaniDresser (village, Wisconsin, northern United

States) : to 1940 Dresser JunctionDresser Junction see DresserDreux (town, north central France) : Roman

Drocae; Celtic DurocassisDrezdenko (town, western Poland) : to 1945

German DriesenDriesen see DrezdenkoDrissa see VyerkhnyadzvinskDrocae see DreuxDrogheda (town, northeastern Ireland) : Irish

Droichead ÁthaDrogichin see DrahichynDrogobych see DrohobychDrohiczyn see DrahichynDrohobych (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Drogobych); to 1939 Polish DrohobyczDrohobycz see DrohobychDroichead Átha see DroghedaDroichead na Bandan see BandonDroichead na Banna see BanbridgeDroichead Nua (town, eastern Ireland) : for-

merly (and still alternate) NewbridgeDroim Seanbho see DrumshanboDroitwich (town, west central England) :

Roman Salinae. (The Roman name referred tothe saltworks here, as it did at Middlewich.)

Dromore (town, east central Northern Ireland) :Irish An Droim Mór

Drossen see O¢no LubuskieDrug see DurgDruk-Yul see BhutanDrumshanbo (town, northern Ireland) : Irish

Droim Seanbho

59 Drumshanbo

Druskenniki see DruskininkaiDruskienniki see DruskininkaiDruskininkai (town, southern Lithuania) :

1919–1939 Polish Druskienniki; to 1918 RussianDruskenniki

1Druzhba (town, northern Ukraine) : to 1962Khutir-Mykhaylivs’kyy (Russian Khutor-Mikhaylovsky) (The town was formed on themerger of Khutir-Mykhaylivs’kyy with twoother settlements.)

2Druzhba (town, western Ukraine) : to 1957 Ze-lena

3Druzhba (village, western Russia) : to 1945German Allenburg

Druzhba see (1) Dostyk; (2) Sveti KonstantinDruzhkivka (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Druzhkovka); to 1938 Havrylivs’kyy Zavod(Russian Gavrilovsky Zavod )

Druzhkovka see DruzhkivkaDry Diggings see PlacervilleDuarte, Pico (mountain, central Dominican Re-

public) : 1936–1961 Monte TrujilloDubá (town, northern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German DaubaDüben see Bad DübenDubh Linn see DublinDublin (city, eastern Ireland) : local Irish Dubh

Linn; alternate (official) Irish Baile ÁthaCliath; Roman Eblana (The Roman name firstappeared in the writings of the 2d-centuryA.D. geographer Ptolemy and although lackingan initial D is basically identical with the mod-ern name.)

Dubris see 1DoverDubrovnik (town, southern Croatia) : to 1918

Italian RagusaDuchcov (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 German DuxDuck Creek Cross Roads see SmyrnaDuero see DouroDuisburg (city, western Germany) : 1929–1934

Duisburg-Hamborn; Roman Castrum DeutonisDuisburg-Hamborn see DuisburgDuke of Clarence Island see NukunonuDukhovsky see GulistonDulcigno see UlcinjDulcina see BarbudaD≠lgopol (town, eastern Bulgaria) : formerly

Novo Selo; to 1878 Turkish Yeni DerbentDulovo (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : formerly

Akkad≠nlar; 1913–1940 Romanian Accadînlar;to 1878 Turkish Akkadqnlar

Dumbarton see DunbartonDumnonium Promontorium see Lizard, TheDumontville see St.-JerômeDumyI™ see Damietta

Duna see DanubeDünaburg see DaugavpilsDunajská Streda (town, southwestern Slovakia)

: to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Dunaszerda-hely

Dünamünde see DaugavgrivaDunQrea see DanubeDunaszerdahely see Dunajská StredaDunaújváros (city, west central Hungary) :

1951–1961 SztálinvárosDunav see DanubeDunay see DanubeDunbarton (former county, west central Scot-

land) : formerly Dumbarton (The county, alsoknown as Dunbartonshire, originally had aname identical to that of its administrativecenter, the town of Dumbarton. The spellingof the county name with n instead of m wasthen adopted to avoid confusion between thetwo.)

Duncan see CheboyganDundalk (town, northeastern Ireland) : Irish

Dún DealganDún Dealgan see DundalkDunedin (city, southeastern New Zealand) :

originally New EdinburghDunedin see EdinburghDungannon (town, southern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Dún GeanainnDún Garbhán see DungarvanDungarvan (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Dún

GarbhánDún Geannain see DungannonDungloe (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish An

Clochán LiathDunkerque see 1Dunkirk1Dunkirk (city, northern France) : [French

Dunkerque] (The English form of the name,although long current, gained particular favorfollowing the evacuation of British troopsfrom France against the odds in 1940, a featwhich gave the patriotic phrase “Dunkirkspirit” for a gallant effort.)

2Dunkirk (town, New York, northeastern UnitedStates) : originally Chadwick’s Bay

Dún Laoghaire (town, eastern Ireland) : 1821–1921 English Kingstown; earlier Dunleary

Dunleary see Dún LaoghaireDún na nGall see DonegalDunnet Head (promontory, northeastern Scot-

land) : Roman TarvedunumDún Pádraig see DownpatrickDunstable (town, southeastern England) :

Roman DurocobrivisDunstable see NashuaDunton see Arlington Heights

Druskenniki 60

DuPage Center see Glen EllynDuperré see Aïn DeflaDüpnice see DupnitsaDupnitsa (city, western Bulgaria) : 1952–1990

Stanke Dimitrov; 1949–1952 Marek; to 1949Stupnitsa; to 1878 Turkish Düpnice (Marek wasthe nom de guerre of the Bulgarian Communistleader Georgi Dimitrov, who gave the name of1Dimitrovgrad.)

Düppel see DybbølDuque de Bragança see CalandulaDuque de Caxias (city, southeastern Brazil) :

1931–1943 Caxias; to 1931 Meriti Station (Thecity is is now a suburb of Rio de Janeiro.)

Duranius see DordogneDurazzo see DurrësDurban (city, eastern South Africa) : [Zulu

eThekwini]; 1835–1854 D’Urban; to 1835 PortNatal

D’Urban see DurbanDüren (city, western Germany) : Romann Mar-

codurumDurg (town, east central India) : formerly Drug1Durham (city, North Carolina, eastern United

States) : formerly Durhamville2Durham (town, New Hampshire, northeastern

United States) : to 1732 Oyster River3Durham (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada)

: to 1866 BentinckDurhamville see 1DurhamDurius see DouroDurlas see ThurlesDurnovaria see DorchesterDurobrivae see (1) Chesterton; (2) 1RochesterDurocassis see DreuxDurocatalaunum see Châlons-en-ChampagneDurocobrivis see DunstableDurocortorum see ReimsDuroliponte see 1CambridgeDurostorum see SilistraDurovernum see CanterburyDurovigutum see GodmanchesterDurrës (city, western Albania) : 1939–1943 Ital-

ian Durazzo; Roman Dyrrhachium; ancientGreek Epidamnus (The Roman name was orig-inally that of the headland here on which theGreek city arose.)

D’Urville Island (central New Zealand) : MaoriRangitoto

Dushanbe (city, southwestern Tajikistan) :1929–1961 Stalinabad; to 1929 Dyushambe

Dushet see DushetiDusheti (town, east central Georgia) : to 1936

DushetD≠stí (town, southwestern Tajikistan) : formerly

Pyandzh

Duszniki Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) :to 1945 German Bad Reinerz

Dutch East Indies see IndonesiaDutch Guiana see SurinamDutch New Guinea see Irian JayaDutch West Indies see Netherlands AntillesDuvalierville see CabaretDuvno see TomislavgradDux see DuchcovDuzdab see ZIhedInDuzkend see Akhuryan26 Bakinskikh Kommunarov, imeni see

NeftçalaDvigatel’stroy see KaspiyskDvinsk see DaugavpilsDvÀr Králové nad Labem (city, northern Czech

Republic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German König-inhof an der Elbe

Dybbøl (town, southern Denmark) : 1850–1920German Düppel

Dychów (village, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-man Deichow

Dyffryn Taf see Merthyr ValeDyfi see DoveyDyfrdwy see DeeDyme see Kato AchaiaDymytrov (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Dimitrov); 1957–1972 Novoekonomichne (Rus-sian Novoekonomicheskoye); 1937–1957 NovyyDonbas (Russian Novy Donbass)

Dyrrhachium see DurrësDysna (town, northern Belarus) : 1919–1939 Pol-

ish DzisnaDyushambe see DushanbeDzagidzor see TumanyanDzaudzhikau see VladikavkazDzerzhinsk (city, western Russia) : formerly

Rastyapino (The city was formed in 1930 onthe amalgamation of Rastyapino with twoother communities.)

Dzerzhinsk see (1) 1,2Dzerzhyns’k;(2) Dzyarzhynsk

Dzerzhinskogo, imeni see Nar’yan-MarDzerzhinskoye (village, eastern Russia) : for-

merly RozhdestvenskoyeDzerzhinsky (city, western Russia) : to 1938

Trudovaya Kommuna imeni DzerzhinskogoDzerzhinsky see Sorsk1Dzerzhyns’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Dzerzhinsk); to 1938 Shcherbynivka (RussianShcherbinovka)

2Dzerzhyns’k ((town, west central Ukraine) :(Russian Dzerzhinsk); to 1933 Romanov

Dzhalal-ogly see StepanavanDzhalilabad see CälilabadDzhambul see Taraz

61 Dzhambul

Dzhansugurov (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : for-merly Abakumova

Dzharkent see ZharkentDzhirgalantu see HovdDzhugeli see Zestap’oniDzhumaya see BlagoevgradDziaùdowo (town, northern Poland) : to 1919,

1939–1945 German SoldauDzieWmorowice see DfitmaroviceDzierzgoü (town, northern Poland) : to 1945

German ChristburgDzier∞oniów (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German ReichenbachDzisna see DysnaDziwnów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German DievenowDzurchi see Pervomays’keDzyarzhynsk (city, central Belarus) : (Russian

Dzerzhinsk); to c.1935 KaydanovoÉadan Doire see EdenderryEagle Nest (village, New Mexico, southwestern

United States) : to 1935 ThermaEagle Pass (city, Texas, southern United States) :

formerly Camp Eagle Pass; originally El Paso deAquila

Eagle Rock see Idaho FallsEagle Station see Carson CityEarlston (town, southeastern Scotland) : for-

merly Ercildoune (The original name becamean alternate byname of the 13th-century Scot-tish poet Thomas the Rhymer.)

Earp’s Corner see FairfaxEast Bengal see BangladeshEast Chelmsford see LowellEast Detroit see EastpointeEaster Island (eastern Pacific) : alternate native

Rapa NuiEastern Transvaal see MpumalangaEast Gary see Lake StationEast Greenwich (town, Rhode Island, northeast-

ern United States) : 1686–1689 DedfordEast Hamburg see Orchard Park1East Hampton (town, New York, northeastern

United States) : originally Maidstone (Thetown is one of the fashionable Long Island re-sorts that make up the Hamptons.)

2East Hampton (town, Connecticut, northeast-ern United States) : to 1915 Chatham

East Haven (town, Connecticut, northeasternUnited States) : to 1707 Iron Works Village

East Hoosuck see AdamsEast Indies see IndonesiaEast Lansing (city, Michigan, north central

United States) : to 1907 CollegevilleEast Livermore see Livermore FallsEast Liverpool (city, Ohio, north central United

States) : to 1834 Fawcettstown; originally St.Clair

East London (city, southeastern South Africa) :originally Port Rex

East Maitland see MaitlandEast Moline (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : originally Port Byron JunctionEast Pakistan see BangladeshEastpointe (town, Michigan, northern United

States) : 1929–1992 East Detroit; to 1929 Half-way Village

Eastport (town, Maine, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1798 Moose Island (The earliername remains for the island on which thetown lies.)

East Providence (city, Rhode Island, northeast-ern United States) : to 1862 West Seekonk

East River see WallingfordEast Rockport see 2LakewoodEast St. Louis (city, Illinois, north central

United States) : to 1861 IllinoistownEast Thomaston see RocklandEast Timor (republic, eastern Malay Archipel-

ago) : 1975–1999 Timor Timur; to 1975 Por-tuguese Timor

Eastview see 2VanierEast Windsor (town, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1929 Ford City (East Windsormerged with the city of Windsor in 1935.)

East Youngstown see CampbellEbbw Vale (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

GlynebwyEbchester (village, northeastern England) :

Roman VindomoraEbenrode see NesterovEberswalde (town, northeastern Germany) : for-

merly Neustadt (The earlier name, meaningsimply “new town,” was gradually supersededby the present one. In 1970 the town mergedwith neighboring Finow to form the city ofEberswalde-Finow.)

Eblana see DublinEbora see ÉvoraEboracum see 1YorkEborakon see 1YorkEbro (river, northeastern Spain) : Roman IberusEbudae see HebridesEburodunum see (1) Embrun; (2) YverdonEbytown see KitchenerEcbatana see HamadanEchaot’l Koe see Fort LiardEchaporã (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Bela VistaEch Chélif (town, northern Algeria) : 1964–1981

El Asnam; to 1964 French Orléansville; RomanCastellum Tingitanum

Dzhansugurov 62

Echmiadzin see EjmiatsinEcho Bay (village, Northwest Territories, north-

ern Canada) : formerly Port Radium; to 1937Cameron Bay (The mines here, yielding pitch-blende ore from which radium was extracted,closed in 1960.)

Eckengraf see ViesnteEcolisma see AngoulêmeEconomy see AmbridgeÉcore à Fabre see 2CamdenEcorse (town, Michigan, north central United

States) : originally GrandportÉcry see AsfeldEddy see CarlsbadEden see (1) Aden; (2) Bar HarborEdenburg see KnoxEdenderry (town, east central Ireland) : Irish

Éadan DoireEdenglassie see BrisbaneEdessa (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish VodenaEdessa see ßanlqurfaEdgartown (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : originally NunnepogEdgeworthstown (town, north central Ireland) :

Irish Meathas Troim; formerly alternate Mos-trim

Edinburg (city, Texas, southern United States) :to 1911 Chapin

Edinburgh (city, southeastern Scotland) : histor-ical and literary Dunedin (The historical name,properly Gaelic Dun Eideann, gave that ofDunedin, New Zealand.)

Edingen see EnghienEdirne (city, western Turkey) : formerly English

Adrianople; 1930–1922 modern Greek Adria-noupolis; to 1913 Bulgarian Odrin; RomanAdrianopolis (The former English name is thatof a battle of A.D. 378 in which the Romanemperor Valens fell to the Visigoths.)

Edison (city, New Jersey, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1954 Raritan

Edith Cavell, Mt. (Alberta, southwestern Can-ada) : to 1916 Montagne de la Grande Traverse

Edith Ronne Land see Ronne Ice ShelfEdmundston (town, New Brunswick, eastern

Canada) : to 1848 Petit-SaultEdo see TokyoEdremit (town, northwestern Turkey) : Roman

AdramyttiumEdson (town, Alberta, west central Canada) : to

1911 HeatherwoodEdward, Lake (east central Africa) : 1973–1979

Lake Idi Amin Dada; to 1908 Albert EdwardNyanza

Edwardesabad see Bannu

Eesti see EstoniaÉfaté (island, central Vanuatu) : formerly Sand-

wich IslandEffingham (town, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1859 BroughtonEgedesminde see AasiaatEger (town, northern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-

man ErlauEger see ChebEglwys y Drindod see 2ChristchurchEgmont, Mt. (northwestern New Zealand) :

Maori Taranaki (The Maori name is official forthe region and former province here.)

Egribos see KhalkísEgridere see ArdinoEgripalanka see Kriva PalankaEgypt (republic, northeastern Africa) : [Arabic

Mi•r]; Roman Aegyptus (In 1958 Egypt formeda union with Syria as the United Arab Repub-lic. Syria left in 1961 but the name continuedfor Egypt alone until 1971. The Arabic name isalso that of Cairo.)

Ehrenforst see SùawidciceEibenschitz see IvanViceEigenbrakel see Braine-l’AlleudEighty Mile Beach (coastal region, Western Aus-

tralia, northwestern Australia) : to 1946 NinetyMile Beach (The region, actually about 85miles in length, was renamed to avoid confu-sion with Ninety Mile Beach in Victoria,southeastern Australia.)

Eilean Leodhais see Isle of LewisEilean Siar see Western IslesEimeo see MooreaEinsiedeln (town, east central Switzerland) :

French Notre-Dame-des-ErmitesÉire see IrelandEisenbrod see ≥ eleznï BrodEisenburg see VasvárEisenhower, Mt. (New Hampshire, northeastern

United States) : formerly Mt. PleasantEisenhower, Mt. see Castle MountainEisenstadt (town, eastern Austria) : to 1920

Hungarian KismartonEisenstein see ≥ elezná RudaEi§i§kcs (town, southern Lithuania) : (Russian

Eyshishkes); 1921–1939 Polish EjszyszkiEjmiatsin (city, western Armenia) : (Russian

Echmiadzin); to 1945 VagarshapatEjszyszki see Ei§i§kcsEkeli see ZahirabadEl Aouinet (village, northeastern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French ClairfontaineElar see AbovyanEl Araïche see LaracheEl Asnam see Ech Chélif

63 El Asnam

Elath see AqabaElba (island, western Italy) : Roman Ilva; ancient

Greek AethaliaEl Banco (city, northern Colombia) : formerly

Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de El Banco;1544–1749 Tamalameque; earlier Barbudo;originally Sompallón

El Bayadh (town, northwestern Algeria) : toc.1962 French Géryville

Elbing see ElblRgElblRg (city, northern Poland) : 1772–1945 Ger-

man ElbingElbogen see LoketElbow see PortlandEl Cerrito (city, California, western United

States) : originally RustElche (city, southeastern Spain) : Roman IliciEl Chilamatal see Ciudad ArceEl Chorro see General Enrique MosconiEl Djem (town, northeastern Tunisia) : Roman

ThysdrusEldorado (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1948

XiriricaEldorado see New DenverElea see CastellammareEleftheroupolis (town, northeastern Greece) :

formerly Bulgarian PravishtaElektrogorsk (city, western Russia) : to 1946

ElektroperedachaElektroperedacha see ElektrogorskElektrostal’ (city, western Russia) : to 1938 Za-

tish’yeElektrougli (town, western Russia) : to 1935

KudinovoElektrovoz see StupinoEl Eulma (town, northeastern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French St.-ArnaudEleutherai see BabaeskiEleutheropolis see Beit GuvrinEl Fahs (town, north central Tunisia) : formerly

French Pont-du-FahsEl Ferrol (city, northwestern Spain) : 1939–1982

El Ferrol del CaudilloEl Ferrol del Caudillo see El FerrolElgin see Niagara FallsEl Hachem (town, northwestern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French DombasleEl Harrach (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French Maison-Carrée (El Harrach is now asuburb of Algiers.)

Elimberrum see AuchElin Pelin (town, western Bulgaria) : to 1950

NovoseltsiEliocroca see LorcaÉlisabethville see (1) Katanga; (2) LubumbashiElista (city, western Russia) : 1944–1957 Stepnoy

Elizabeth (city, New Jersey, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1740 Elizabethtown

Elizabeth City (town, North Carolina, easternUnited States) : originally Redding

Elizabethtown see (1) Brockville; (2) Eliza-beth; (3) Hagerstown; (4) Hopkinsville

Elizabeth Town see New NorfolkElizabethville see MoundsvilleEl Jadida (city, western Morocco) : to 1821

MazaganEl Jícaro see Ciudad SandinoEl Jovero see MichesEùk (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man LyckEl Kala (town, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962

French La CalleElk City (town, Oklahoma, south central United

States) : originally BuschElkhovo (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish KqzqlagaçElkton (town, Maryland, northeastern United

States) : to 1787 Head of Elk; originally Friend-ship

Ellás see GreeceEllensburg (town, Washington, northwestern

United States) : originally Robber’s RoostEllice Islands see TuvaluElliotdale (town, southeastern South Africa) :

locally XhoraEllis Island (New York, northeastern United

States) : originally Oyster IslandElmhurst (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1869 Cottage Hill (The town is nowa suburb of Chicago.)

Elmina (town, southern Ghana) : formerly Por-tuguese São Jorge da Mina

Elmira (city, New York, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1828 Newtown

Elne (town, southern France) : Roman CastrumHelenae; earlier Roman Illiberis

El Paraíso see CholomaEl Paso (city, Texas, southern United States) :

originally El Paso del NorteEl Paso see 2DerbyEl Paso del Norte see (1) El Paso; (2) JuárezEl Progreso (town, east central Guatemala) : to

c.1920 GuastatoyaEl Pueblito (town, central Mexico) : 1946–1989

Spanish Villa CorregidoraEl Pueblo see Los AngelesEl Pueblo de la Reyna de Los Angeles see Los

AngelesEl Salvador (republic, western Central America)

: alternate dated Salvador (The alternatename risks confusion with San Salvador, thecountry’s capital, whose own name is in

Elath 64

turn sometimes mistaken for that of the coun-try.)

Elsass see AlsaceElsene see IxellesElsinore (town, eastern Denmark) : Danish

Helsingør (The traditional English name hasremained current largely thanks to Shake-speare’s use of it as the setting of Hamlet.)

Elvas (town, east central Portugal) : RomanAlpesa

Elvershagen see úagiewnikiEly (town, Minnesota, northern United States) :

originally FlorenceEl Zapallar see General José de San MartínEmbarcadero see Redwood CityEmbrun (town, southeastern France) : Roman

EburodunumEmerita Augusta see MéridaEmesa see HomsEmilia see Emilia-RomagnaEmilia-Romagna (region, north central Italy) :

to 1948 EmiliaEmirli see OrestiadaEmmahaven see TelukbayurEmmitsburg (town, Maryland, northeastern

United States) : to c.1786 Poplar FieldsEmona see LjubljanaEmporion see EmpùriesEmpingham Reservoir see Rutland WaterEmpùries (village, notheastern Spain) : ancient

Greek EmporionEms (river, northwestern Germany) : Roman

AmisiaEmu Bay Settlement see BurnieEncarnación (city, southeastern Paraguay) : for-

merly ItapúaEncina see UvaldeEncinal see SunnyvaleEncruzilhada see Encruzilhada do SulEncruzilhada do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to

1944 EncruzilhadaEnderby (town, British Columbia, southwestern

Canada) : to 1887 Lambly’s LandingEnergetichesky see Otegen BatyrEnez (town, southwestern Turkey) : 1920–1922

modern Greek Ainos; ancient Greek AenosEngel’s (city, western Russia) : 1914–1931

Pokrovsk; to 1914 Pokrovka (The city, named inhonor of the German socialist philosopher andfounder of Communism Friedrich Engels, wasthe capital of the former Volga German Au-tonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.)

Engerau see PetrØalkaEnghien (town, west central Belgium) : Flemish

EdingenEnghien see Montmorency

England see United KingdomEnglish Bazar (city, northeastern India) : alter-

nate AngrezabadEnglish Channel (southern England/northern

France) : French La Manche (The French namegave that of a department in northern France.Cp. Dover, Strait of.)

Engyum see GangiEnham Alamein (village, southern England) : to

1945 Knights EnhamEnkeldoorn see ChivhuEnna (city, southern Italy) : to 1927 Castrogio-

vanni; Roman Castrum HennaeEnnis (town, western Ireland) : Irish InisEnniscorthy (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish

Inis CórthaidhEnniskillen (town, southwestern Northern Ire-

land) : Irish Inis Ceithleann; traditional EnglishInniskilling (The traditional spelling is associ-ated with the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, theBritish army regiment raised in 1689 to defendthe town.)

Ennistimon (town, western Ireland) : Irish InisDíomáin

Enotah, Mt. see Brasstown BaldEnso see SvetogorskEntre Rios see (1) Malema; (2) Ribeirão Prêto;

(3) Rio Brilhante; (4) Três RiosEochaill see YoughalEoforwic see 1YorkEolie Islands see Lipari IslandsEperjes see Pre§ovÉpernay (town, northeastern France) : Roman

SparnacumEpidamnus see DurrësEpiphania see HamaEpitácio Pessoa see Pedro AvelinoEporedia see IvreaÉquateur (province, northwestern Democratic

Republic of the Congo) : 1935–1947 FrenchCoquilhatville

Equatoria (former province, southern Sudan) :to 1936 Mongalla

Equatorial Guinea (republic, western Africa) :to 1968 Spanish Guinea

Erasmus see BronkhorstspruitErastivka see VyshneveErastovka see VyshneveErcildoune see EarlstonErcolano (town, southern Italy) : formerly

Resina; Roman HerculaneumErdély see TransylvaniaErechim (city, southern Brazil) : 1939–1944 Por-

tuguese José Bonifácio; to 1939 Portuguese BoaVista

Erechim see Getúlio Vargas

65 Erechim

1Eregli (town, northwestern Turkey) : ancientGreek Heraclea Pontica

2Eregli (town, south central Turkey) : ancientGreek Heraclea Cybistra

Eretz Yisra’el see PalestineErice (town, southern Italy) : to 1934 Monte San

GiulianoEridanus see PoErikdere see KallitheaErin see IrelandErivan see YerevanErlau see EgerErnestown see 2BathEr Rachidia (city, east central Morocco) : to

1979 Ksar es SoukErseka see ErsekëErsekë (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921

modern Greek ErsekaÉrsekújvár see Nové ZámkyErzgebirge (mountain range, central Europe) :

dated English Ore MountainsErzsébetfalva see PesterzsébetEscaut see ScheldtEschenbach see Wolframs-EschenbachEschscholtz Island see BikiniEsenguly (town, western Turkmenistan) : for-

merly Gasan-KuliE•fahIn (city, west central Iran) : traditional Isfa-

han, alternate traditional Ispahan; Roman As-padana

Esigodini (town, southwestern Zimbabwe) : to1982 Essexvale

Eskice see XánthiEskicumaa see T≠rgovishteEski Dzhumaya see T≠rgovishteEskifoça see FoçaEskihisar (village, southwestern Turkey) : an-

cient Greek StratoniceaEskimo Point see ArviatEski Stambul see Veliki PreslavEskizagra see Stara ZagoraEslImIbId-e Gharb : (city, western Iran) : to

1982 ShIhIbIdEsopus see 1KingstonEspaña see SpainEspañola see HispaniolaEsperantina (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Boa EsperançaEspírito Santo see IndiarobaEspírito Santo da Itapecerica see DivinópolisEssaouira (city, western Morocco) : to 1959 Mo-

gadorEsseg see OsijekEssexvale see EsigodiniEste (town, northern Italy) : Roman AtesteEsthonia see Estonia

Estonia (republic, northeastern Europe) : [Esto-nian Eesti]; alternate English dated Esthonia

Estremadura see ExtremaduraEsutoru see UglegorskEsztergom (town, northern Hungary) : to 1867

German Gran; Roman StrigoniumÉtampes (town, northern France) : Low Latin

StampaeeThekwini see DurbanEthiopia (republic, northeastern Africa) : for-

merly usually Abyssinia (The former name wasintroduced by the Portuguese in the 16th cen-tury, adopted from an Arabic original.)

Etna (volcano, southern Italy) : [Sicilian Mongi-bello]; Roman Aetna

Euboea (island, east central Greece) : MedievalItalian Negroponte

Euclides da Cunha (city, eastern Brazil) : to1939 Cumbe

Eugenópolis (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944Portuguese São Manuel

Eugubium see GubbioEuhesperides see BanghIznEulau see JílovéEupen (town, eastern Belgium) : French NéauEuphrates (river, southeastern Syria/central Iraq)

: [Arabic Al Fur.at]Eurymedon see KöprüEusebeia see KayseriEuskadi see 1Basque CountryEuxine Sea see Black SeaEvan see PenrithEvanston (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : formerly Ridgeville; to 1850 GrossePointe

Eva Perón see (1) Buenos Aires; (2) La Pampa;(3) La Plata

Evensk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1951 Bol’shayaGarmanda

Everest, Mt. (northeastern Nepal/southernTibet) : alternate Tibetan Chomolungma

Everett (city, Massachusetts, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1870 South Malden

Évora (city, south central Portugal) : Roman Lib-eralitas Julia; ealier Roman Ebora

Évreux (city, northwestern France) : Roman Medi-olanum; alternate Roman Civitas Ebroicorum

Exeter (city, southwestern England) : Roman IscaDumnoniorum

Extremadura (region, west central Spain) : alter-nate Estremadura

Eydtkuhnen see ChernyshevskoyeEyertown see BloomsburgEyshishkes see Ei§i§kcsEzhva (town, western Russia) : formerly Sloboda

(Ezhva is now a suburb of Syktyvkar.)

Eregli 66

Ezion-geber see AqabaFaenza (city, northern Italy) : Roman FaventiaFaeroe Islands (North Atlantic) : [Danish

Færøerne; Faroese Føroyar]Færøerne see Faeroe IslandsFaesulae see FiesoleFQgQra£ (city, central Romania) : to 1918 Hun-

garian Fogaras; to 1867 German FogaraschFairbanks see Presque IsleFairfax (town, Virginia, eastern United States) :

1805–1859 Providence; originally Earp’s CornerFairfield see 1HamiltonFairmont (town, West Virginia, east central

United States) : to 1843 MiddletownFairmount see West OrangeFairport see HorseheadsFairview see McCookFaisalabad (city, northeastern Pakistan) : to 1979

LyallpurFakaofo (atoll, southern Tokelau, South Pacific) :

formerly Bowditch IslandFakel (town, western Russia) : to c.1960 Sergiyev-

skyFalerii Novi see Civita CastellanaFalerii Veteres see Civita CastellanaFalkenau see SokolovFalkenberg see (1) Niemodlin; (2) ZùocieniecFalkland Islands (South Atlantic) : alternate

Spanish Islas Malvinas (Administered as aBritish crown colony, the islands have longbeen claimed by Spanish-speaking Argentina.)

Falknov see SokolovFallriver see Fall RiverFall River (city, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1831 Troy; originally Fall-river

Falls Station see KisanganiFalmouth see PortlandFama Augusta see FamagustaFamagusta (town, eastern Cyprus) : [Turkish

Gazimagusa]; Roman Fama Augusta; ancientGreek Ammokhostos (The town’s Turkish nameevolved from the Roman name prefixed byTurkish gazi, “war veteran,” while the Romanname evolved from the Greek.)

Fanning Island see TabuaeranFano (town, central Italy) : Roman Colonia Julia

Fanestris; earlier Roman Fanum FortunaeFanum Cocidi see BewcastleFanum Fortunae see FanoFarewell, Cape (southern Greenland) : [Danish

Kap Farvel; Greenlandic Nunap Isua]Farewell Bend see BendFarg’ona (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian

Fergana); 1907–1924 Russian Skobelev; to 1907Russian Novy Margelan

Farmersville see 2AthensFarnsworth’s Landing see BordentownFarroupilha (city, southern Brazil) : to 1934 Por-

tuguese Nova VicenzaFIrs (province, southwestern Iran) : Roman Per-

sis (FIrs is more or less identical with the an-cient province of Pars, the nucleus of the Per-sian empire. See Iran.)

Farvel, Kap see Farewell, CapeFarwell see RevelstokeFasano (town, southeastern Italy) : ancient Greek

GnathiaFashoda see KodokFatu Hiva (island, northern French Polynesia) :

formerly Magdalena IslandFaventia see FaenzaFawcettstown see East LiverpoolFaya (town, northern Chad) : formerly French

LargeauFayetteville (city, Arkansas, south central United

States) : to 1829 Washington Court HouseFaylakah (island, eastern Kuwait) : ancient Greek

IcarosFdérik (town, northwestern Mauritania) : for-

merly French Fort-GouraudFécamp (town, northern France) : Roman Fis-

cannumFedala see MohammediaFederal Capital Territory see Australian Capi-

tal TerritoryFederal Republic of Yugoslavia see Yugosla-

viaFehértemplom see Bela CrkvaFeira see LuangwaFeled see JesenskéFelipe Carrillo Puerto (town, southeastern

Mexico) : to 1935 Santa Cruz de BravoFellin see ViljandiFelshtin see 2Gvardiys’keFelsina see BolognaFelsââr see OberwartFeltre (town, northern Italy) : Roman FeltriaFeltria see FeltreFénérive see FenoarivoFenoarivo (town, northeastern Madagascar) :

formerly French FénériveFeodosiya (town, southern Ukraine) : to 1783

Italian Kaffa; ancient Greek TheodosiaFerdinand see MontanaFerdinandovo see P≠rvenetsFerdinandov Vrukh see Botev PeakFerdows (town, northeastern Iran) : to 1920s TunFerentino (town, central Italy) : Roman Feren-

tinumFerentinum see FerentinoFergana see Farg’ona

67 Fergana

Fermo (town, eastern Italy) : Roman Firmum Pi-cenum

Fermoy (town, southern Ireland) : Irish MainistirFhear Maí

Fernandina (island, western Galápagos Islands,Ecuador) : formerly Narborough Island

Fernandina de Jagua see CienfuegosFernando Po see BiokoFerney see Ferney-VoltaireFerney-Voltaire (town, eastern France) : to 1881

Ferney (The name of the writer Voltaire, wholived in the town and died here, was firstadded during the Revolution of 1789–92.)

Ferrara (city, northern Italy) : Roman ForumAlieni

Ferreira Gomes (town, northern Brazil) : 1939–1943 Amapari

Ferro see HierroFerryside (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Glan-y-FferiFerryville see Menzel BourguibaFestenberg see TwardogóraFestiniog see FfestiniogFethülislâm see KladovoFezzan (region, southwestern Libya) : Roman

PhazaniaFfestiniog (town, northern Wales) : formerly

conventional Festiniog (The spelling with one fwas long current for the Festiniog Railway, anarrow-gauge railroad running from BlaenauFfestiniog, north of Ffestiniog, to Porthma-dog.)

Fforest Clud see Radnor ForestFfynnon Taf see Taff ’s WellFidenae see Castel GiubileoFidentia see FidenzaFidenza (town, northern Italy) : to 1927 Borgo

San Donnino; Roman FidentiaFiesole (town, north central Italy) : Roman Fae-

sulaeFigueira see Governador ValadaresFila•tnn see PalestineFilehne see WieleüFilibe see PlovdivFilipea de Nossa Senhora das Neves see João

PessoaFillmore see PlanoFilurina see FlorinaFinistère (department, northwestern France) :

[Breton Penn-ar-Bed ] (The name of the de-partment refers to the peninsula here, knowntraditionally in English as Finisterre, fromLatin finis terrae, “end of the earth,” itself atranslation of the Breton name.)

Finisterre see FinistèreFinisterre, Cape (northwestern Spain) : [Gali-

cian Cabo Fisterra]; Roman Nerium Promonto-rium (The cape’s name is an exact counterpartof the French Finistère.)

Finland (republic, northern Europe) : [FinnishSuomi]

Firchau see WierzchowoFirenze see 1FlorenceFirmum Picenum see PermoFirusbey see Uro§evacFiscannum see FécampFischhausen see 1PrimorskFishguard (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

AbergwaunFishpond see BarstowFisterra, Cabo see Finisterre, CapeFitchburg (city, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : originally Turkey HillsFiume see RijekaFizuli see FüzuliFlaminian Way see ViaFlanders (region, northern France/western Bel-

gium/southwestern Netherlands) : FrenchFlandre; Flemish Vlaanderen (The name of thehistorical county survives in the adjacent Bel-gian provinces of East Flanders and West Flan-ders, Flemish Oost-Vlaanderen and West-Vlaanderen.)

Flandre see FlandersFlatholm (island, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Ynys EchniFlatow see ZùotówFlensborg see FlensburgFlensburg (city, northern Germany) : 1460–1864

Danish FlensborgFletcher see 1AuroraFlevo Lacus see IJsselmeerFlint (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Y FflintFlitsch see BovecFlorânia (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Flores1Florence (city, central Italy) : [Italian Firenze];

Roman Florentia2Florence (city, South Carolina, southeastern

United States) : to c.1859 WildsFlorence see ElyFlorentia see 1FlorenceFlores see (1) Florânia; (2) TimonFlorianópolis (city, southern Brazil) : to 1893

Portuguese DesterroFlorina (town, north central Greece) : to 1913

Turkish FilurinaFlorissant (city, Missouri, central United States)

: to 1939 St. FerdinandFlushing see VlissingenFly Flat see CoolgardieFoça (village, western Turkey) : alternate

Fermo 68

Eskifoça; ancient Greek Phocaea (Eskifoça, “oldFoça,” distinguishes the place from Yenifoça,“new Foça,” founded in 1421.)

Fogaras see FQgQra£Fogarasch see FQgQra£Fokino (town, western Russia) : to 1964 Tse-

mentnyFoligno (town, central Italy) : Roman FulginiumFondi (town, south central Italy) : Roman FundiFondouk see Khemis el KhechnaFontarabia see FuenterrabíaFoochow see FuzhouFord City see East WindsorForest (town, central Belgium) : Flemish Vorst

(The town is now suburb of Brussels.)Forest Park (village, Illinois, north central

United States) : to 1907 Harlem (The village isnow a residential suburb of Chicago.)

Forfarshire see AngusForks of Tar River see 1WashingtonForlì (city, northern Italy) : Roman Forum LiviiFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia see

MacedoniaFormia (town, south central Italy) : formerly

Mola di Gaeta; Roman FormiaeFormiae see FormiaFormosa see (1) Bioko; (2) Ilhabela; (3) Tai-

wanFøroyar see Faeroe IslandsForst see ZasiekiFort-Aleksandrovsky see Fort-ShevchenkoFortaleza (city, northeastern Brazil) : formerly

Fortaleza Nova de Bragança; to 1823 Villa doForte da Assumpção

Fortaleza see Pedra AzulFortaleza Nova de Bragança see FortalezaFort-Archambault see SarhFort-Bayard see ZhanjiangFort Benton (town, Montana, northwestern

United States) : to 1850 Fort LewisFort Brisebois see CalgaryFort Camosun see 2VictoriaFort-Carnot see IkongoFort Carillon see TiconderogaFort-Charles see WaskaganishFort-Charlet see DjanetFort Chimo see KuujjuaqFort Christina see 1WilmingtonFort Clark see PeoriaFort Cornwallis see George TownFort-Crampel see Kaga BandoroFort Crook see Offutt Air Force BaseFort-Dauphin see TôlanaroFort-de-France (city, western Martinique) : orig-

inally Fort-RoyalFort de Kock see Bukitinggi

Fort-de-l’Eau see Bordj el KiffanFort-de-Polignac see IlliziFort Dummer see BrattleboroFort Duquesne see PittsburghFortezza (village, northern Italy) : to 1918 Ger-

man FranzenfesteFort-Flatters see Bordj Omar DrissFort-Foureau see KoussériFort Frances (town, Ontario, southern Canada) :

to 1830 Fort St. PierreFort Franklin see DélineFort Garry see WinnipegFort George see (1) Chisasibi; (2) Prince

GeorgeFort Good Hope (village, Northwest Territories,

northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit RadiliKo

Fort-Gouraud see FdérikFort Hall see Murang’aFort Hertz see PutaoFort Hill see ChitipaFort Jameson see ChipataFort Johnston see MangocheFort-Lamy see N’DjamenaFort-Laperrine see TamanrassetFort Lewis see Fort BentonFort Liard (village, Northwest Territories, west

central Canada) : alternate Inuit Echaot’l KoeFort Macleod (town, Alberta, southwestern

Canada) : to 1952 MacleodFort McMurray (city, Alberta, central Canada) :

to 1875 Fort of the ForksFort McPherson (village, Northwest Territories,

northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit Teet’litZhen

Fort Manning see MchinjiFort Maurepas see Ocean SpringsFort Miami see St. JosephFort Miro see 1MonroeFort Nashborough see NashvilleFort-National see L’Arbaa Naït IrathenFort Norman see TulitaFort of the Forks see (1) Fort McMurray; (2)

Fort SimpsonFort Orange see 1AlbanyFort Pitt see PittsburghFort-Pontchartrain-du-Détroit see DetroitFort Providence (village, Northwest Territories,

north central Canada) : alternate Inuit ZhahtiKoe

Fort Resolution (village, Northwest Territories,central Canada) : alternate Inuit Deninoo Kue

Fort Rosalie see NatchezFort Rosebery see MansaFort-Rousset see OwandoFort-Royal see Fort-de-France

69 Fort-Royal

Fort-Rupert see WaskaganishFort-St.-Jacques see WaskaganishFort St. Jean Baptiste see NatchitochesFort St. Pierre see Fort FrancesFort Salisbury see HarareFort Sandeman see ZhobFort-Shevchenko (town, southwestern Kaza-

khstan) : 1857–1939 Russian Fort-Aleksan-drovsky; to 1857 Russian Novopetrovskoye (Thetown was briefly renamed Fort Uritskogo in the1920s.)

Fort Simpson (village, Northwest Territories,northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit LiidliKue; to 1821 Fort of the Forks

Fort Smith (town, Northwest Territories, centralCanada) : alternate Inuit Thebacha

Fort Thomas (town, Kentucky, east centralUnited States) : to 1867 Highlands (The townis now a residential suburb of Cincinnati.)

Fort-Trinquet see Bir MogreïnFort Tyson see QuartzsiteFort Uritskogo see Fort-ShevchenkoFort Utah see ProvoFort Victoria see (1) Masvingo; (2) 2VictoriaFort Walton see Fort Walton BeachFort Walton Beach (city, Florida, southeastern

United States) : to 1953 Fort WaltonFort Western see 2AugustaForum Alieni see FerraraForum Julii see (1) Cividale del Friuli; (2)

FréjusForum Livii see ForlìFossa Clodia see ChioggiaFoucauld see Souk Jemaâ Oulad AbbouFountain Colony see Colorado SpringsFourth Creek see StatesvilleFraidorf see Novoselivs’keFrance (republic, western Europe) : formerly

Gaul; Roman Gallia (The historical name isnow generally applied to France, although itoriginally denoted a wider region, extendingover modern France and Belgium, with partsof Germany and the Netherlands, and at onetime also part of northern Italy.)

Franciade see St.-DenisFrancisco Morazán (department, south central

Honduras) : to 1943 TegucigalpaFranconia (region, south central Germany) :

[German Franken]Franken see FranconiaFrankenstein see ZRbkowice ¡lRskieFrankfort see FrankfurtFrankfurt (city, west central Germany) : for-

merly traditional English Frankfort (The for-mer spelling was current both for this city, infull Frankfurt am Main, and its namesake in

eastern Germany, in full Frankfurt an derOder.)

Franklin Mills see 2KentFranklinville see ValdostaFranti§kovy Láznfi (town, western Czech

Republic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 GermanFranzensbad

Franzenfeste see FortezzaFranzensbad see Franti§kovy LáznfiFraserburg Road see Leeu-GamkaFraserville see Rivière-du-LoupFrauenburg see (1) Frombork; (2) SaldusFrauenstadt see WadowiceFraustadt see WschowaFrederickstown see 2AlbanyFredericktown see 2WinchesterFrederikshåb see PaamiutFrederiksnagar see SeramporeFrederikstad see João PessoaFredrikshald see HaldenFredrikshamn see HaminaFreeport see WayneFree State (province, east central South Africa) :

1854–1900, 1910–1995 Orange Free StateFreguesia de Nossa Senhora da Aparecida see

LorenaFreguesia de Santo Antônio de Guaratinguetá

see GuaratinguetáFreguesia do Brejo Alegre see AraguariFreiberg see P†íborFreiburg see FribourgFreiburg in Schlesien see ¡wiebodziceFreienwalde see ChociwelFrei Paulo (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

São PauloFreistadt see (1) Fry§tát; (2) HlohovecFreiwaldau see JeseníkFreixo (village, north central Portugal) : Roman

Longobriga (This Freixo must be distinguishedfrom the village of the same name northwestof Braga and from Freixo de Espada á Cinta, tothe east.)

Fréjus (town, southeastern France) : RomanForum Julii

French Guiana (department, northeastern SouthAmerica) : [French Guyane Française]

French Guinea see GuineaFrench Somaliland see DjiboutiFrench Sudan see MaliFrenchtown see 2MonroeFreudenthal see BruntálFreystadt see (1) Kisielice; (2) Ko∞uchówFribourg (town, western Switzerland) : German

Freiburg; Italian FriburgoFriburgo see FribourgFriedau see Ormo±

Fort-Rupert 70

Friedeberg see Strzelce KrajeüskieFriedeck-Friedberg see Frï dek-MístekFriedenfeld see 1Komsomol’skoyeFriedland see (1) Frï dlant; (2) Mieroszów;

(3) PravdinskFriedrichshain (town, eastern Germany) :

1930s–1945 Horst Wessel Stadt (Friedrichshainis now a district of Berlin.)

Friedrichstadt see JaunjelgavaFriedrich-Wilhelmshafen see MadangFriendly Islands see TongaFriendship see ElktonFrisches Haff see Vistula LagoonFriuli see UdineFrobisher Bay see IqaluitFrohenbruck an der Lainsitz see Veselí nad

Lu±nicíFrombork (town, northern Poland) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German FrauenburgFronteiras (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

SocorroFrontera (town, southeastern Mexico) : formerly

Álvaro ObregónFrosinone (town, central Italy) : Roman Frusino1Frunze (town, western Kyrgyzstan) : to 1940

Kadamshay2Frunze (town, eastern Ukraine) : 1910–1930

Sentyanivka (Russian Sentyanovka); to 1910Novoselivka (Russian Novosyolovka)

Frunze see BishkekFrunzens’ke (town, southern Ukraine) (Russian

Frunzenskoye); to 1944 PartenitFrunzenskoye see (1) Frunzens’ke; (2) PülgönFrunzensky see Frunzens’kyyFrunzens’kyy (town, east central Ukraine) :

(Russian Frunzensky); to c.1935 Kam’yanka(Russian Kamenka) (The town is now a suburbof Dnipropetrovs’k.)

Frunzivka (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Frunzovka); to 1926 Zakharivka (RussianZakharovka)

Frunzovka see FrunzivkaFrusino see FrosinoneFrï dek-Místek (city, eastern Czech Republic) :

1939–1945 German Friedeck-Friedberg (Thetwin towns of Frïdek, in Silesia, and Místek,in Moravia, were united as a single city in1960. Místek was known as Friedberg to 1918.)

Frï dlant (town, northern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1938–1945 German Friedland

Fry§tát (town, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939–1945 German Freistadt; 1918–1919, 1938–1939Polish Frysztat; to 1918 German Freistadt (Thetown is now part of Karviná.)

Frysztat see Fry§tátFrï valdov see Jeseník

Fuenterrabia (city, northwestern Spain) : BasqueHondarribia; formerly English Fontarabia

Fuerte Constitucional see MercedesFukuyama see MatsumaeFulginium see FolignoFulton (town, Missouri, central United States) :

originally VolneyFundi see FondiFünfkirchen see PécsFurmanov (city, western Russia) : to 1941 SeredaFurmanovka see MoyynkumFurmanovo see ZhalpaktalFurneaux Island see Marutea NorthFurnes see VeurneFürstenfelde see BoleszkowiceFurukamappu see Yuzhno-Kuril’skFusine in Valromana (village, northern Italy) :

to 1918 German WeissenfelsFuzhou (city, southeastern China) : conventional

English FoochowFüzuli (town, southern Azerbaijan) : (Russian

Fizuli); to 1959 Russian KaryaginoGaberones see GabaroneGabès (town, southeastern Tunisia) : Roman

TacapeGablonz an der Neisse see Jablonec nad NisouGaborone (city, southeastern Botswana) : to

1969 GaberonesGabrova see GabrovoGabrovo (city, north central Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish GabrovaGabú (town, northwestern Guinea-Bissau) : for-

merly Portuguese Nova LamegoGades see CádizGadir see CádizGadsden (city, Alabama, southeastern United

States) : originally Double SpringsGaeta (town, western Italy) : Roman CaietaGafsa (town, west central Tunisia) : Roman

CapsaGafurov see Ghafurov1Gagarin (town, western Russia) : to 1968

Gzhatsk2Gagarin (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : to 1974

YerzharGago Coutinho see Lumbala N’guimboGaillard Cut (section of Panama Canal, central

Panama) : to 1913 Culebra CutGaillimh see GalwayGalanta (town, northwestern Slovakia) : to 1918,

1938–1945 Hungarian GalántaGalánta see GalantaGala´i (city, southeastern Romania) : 1939–1945

German GalatzGalatz see Gala´iGalgóc see Hlohovec

71 Galgóc

Galich see Halych1Galicia (historical region, east central Europe) :

1919–1939 Polish Halicz (The former Austriancrown land was the scene of much fighting inWorld War I.)

2Galicia (historical region, northwestern Spain) :Roman Gallaecia

Galilee, Sea of (lake, northern Israel) : alternatebiblical Lake of Gennesaret or Sea of Chinnerethor Sea of Tiberias

Gallaecia see 2GaliciaGalle (city, southern Sri Lanka) : formerly Point

de GalleGallia see FranceGallipoli (town, northwestern Turkey) : Turkish

Gelibolu; ancient Greek Callipolis (The Englishname has been in common use since WorldWar I, when the peninsula here was the sceneof determined Turkish resistance to Alliedforces. This Gallipoli should not be confusedwith the town of the same name in southeast-ern Italy, also anciently known as Callipolis.Modern references to the Turkish town mostlyuse the Turkish name.)

Galt (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : to1827 Shade’s Mills (In 1973 Galt merged withHespeler and Preston to form the new city ofCambridge.)

Galway (town, western Ireland) : Irish GaillimhGameti see Rae LakesGamlakarleby see KokkolaGäncä (city, western Azerbaijan) : (Russian

Gyandzha); 1935–1989 Russian Kirovabad;1918–1935 Russian Gyandzha; 1804–1918 Rus-sian Yelizavetpol’

Gancheshty see Hînce£tiGand see GhentGanda (town, western Angola) : to 1980 Vila

Mariano MachadoGangi (town, southern Italy) : Roman EngyumGangra see ÇankqrqGanko see HankoGant’iadi (town, northwestern Georgia) : to

1948 Russian PilenkovoGanxian see GanzhouGanzhou (city, southeastern China) : 1911–1949

GanxianGap (town, southeastern France) : Roman Vap-

incumGára Kritsim see StamboliyskiGarda (town, northern Italy) : Roman BenacusGardabani (town, southern Georgia) : to 1947

KarayazyGardner Island see NikumaroroGarg±dai (town, western Lithuania) : to 1917

Gord±

Gariannum see Burgh CastleGarmo, Mt. see Ismoili Somoni, PeakGaronne (river, southwestern France) : Roman

GarumnaGarray (village, north central Spain) : Roman

NumantiaGarrison Reservoir see Sakakawea, LakeGarumna see GaronneGasan-Kuli see EsengulyGascony (historic region, southwestern France) :

Roman VasconiaGassen see JasieüGastello (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese NairoGasten see GostyninGatchina (city, western Russia) : 1929–1944

Krasnogvardeysk; 1923–1929 TrotskGatooma see KadomaGaul see FranceGauteng (province, northeastern South Africa) :

April–December 1994 Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vaal

Gavarr (town, central Armenia) : formerly Kamo;to 1959 Nor-Bayazet

Gavren see MilkovitsaGavrilovka see TaldykorganGavrilovsky Zavod see DruzhkivkaGaya see KyjovGaza (city, northern Gaza Strip) : [Arabic Ghaz-

zah]Gaziantep (city, south central Turkey) : to 1922

Aintab; earlier Hamtap (The city’s name repre-sents the earlier name prefixed by Turkish gazi,“war veteran,” as for Famagusta.)

Gazimagusa see FamagustaGcuwa see ButterworthGdaüsk (city, northern Poland) : 1793–1945

German Danzig (During the period 1920 to1939, when Danzig, for the second time, hadthe status of a free city, the Polish name was inuse for the railroad station and by the postalauthorities. The German name still has reso-nance from the period of World War II, whichwas precipitated by Poland’s refusal to accedeto Hitler’s demand in 1939 that Danzig begiven to Germany.)

Gdingen see GdyniaGdyel (village, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962

French St.-CloudGdynia (city, northern Poland) : 1940–1945

German Gotenhafen; to 1919 German Gdin-gen

Gebal see JubaylGebel Musa see Sinai, Mt.Gediz (river, western Turkey) : ancient Greek

Hermus

Galich 72

Gegechkori see MartviliGehlenburg see Biaùa PiskaGeiersberg see LetohradGela (city, southern Italy) : to 1927 Terranova di

SiciliaGeldenaken see JodoigneGelderland (province, eastern Netherlands) :

formerly English Guelderland (The Englishspelling was probably popularly associatedwith the guilder, a former Dutch coin.)

Gelibolu see GallipoliGelnica (town, east central Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Gölnicbánya; to 1867 German Göll-nitz

Gembloers see GemblouxGembloux (town, central Belgium) : French

GembloersGenabum see OrléansGenaro Codina (town, central Mexico) : for-

merly San Jose de la IslaGenck see GenkGene Autry (village, Oklahoma, south central

United States) : to 1942 BerwynGeneral Alvarado see MiramarGeneral Artigas (town, southeastern Paraguay) :

formerly CangóGeneral Câmara (town, southern Brazil) : to

1938 Santo AmaroGeneral Daniel Cerri (town, eastern Argentina)

: formerly CuatrerosGeneral Enrique Martínez (town, east central

Uruguay) : to early 1930s La CharqueadaGeneral Enrique Mosconi (village, northern Ar-

gentina) : formerly El ChorroGeneral Freire see MuxaluandoGeneral Grant National Park see Kings

Canyon National ParkGeneralissimul Suvorov (village, east central

Romania) : formerly PlQine£tiGeneral José de San Martín (town, northern

Argentina) : formerly El ZapallarGeneral Lazarevo see AlfatarGeneral Paz (village, northeastern Argentina) :

formerly Caa-CatíGeneral Ramón Gonzáles (town, western Bo-

livia) : formerly ChajayaGeneral San Martín (town, central Argentina) :

formerly Villa Alba (The town, southeast ofGeneral Acha, should not be confused withthe cities of the same name respectively north-west of Buenos Aires and in northeastern Ar-gentina.)

General Santos (city, southern Philippines) : to1954 Buayan

General Simón Bolívar (town, northern Mex-ico) : formerly San Bartolo

General Toshevo (town, northeastern Bulgaria) :1913–1940 Romanian Casim

General Trías (town, northern Mexico) : for-merly Santa Isabel

General Uriburu see ZárateGeneral Vargas (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944

São VicenteGeneva (city, southwestern Switzerland) :

[French Genève; German Genf; ItalianGinevra]

Geneva, Lake (southwestern Switzerland/easternFrance) : French Lac Léman; Roman Lacus Le-manus

Genève see GenevaGenf see GenevaGenk (city, northeastern Belgium) : formerly

GenckGennesaret, Lake of see Galilee, Sea ofGenoa (city, northwestern Italy) : [Italian

Genova]; Roman GenuaGenova see GenoaGent see GhentGenua see GenoaGeorge see 3GeorgetownGeorgenswalde see OtradnoyeGeorges Clemenceau see Stidia1Georgetown (city, northeastern Guyana) :

1784–1812 Dutch Stabroek2Georgetown (town, Kentucky, east central

United States) : to 1790 McClelland’s Station3Georgetown (town, Washington, DC, north-

eastern United States) : to 1789 George(Georgetown is one of the District of Colum-bia’s original three towns.)

Georgetown see JanjanburehGeorge Town (city, western Malaysia) : occa-

sionally Penang; formerly usually Pinang; origi-nally Fort Cornwallis (The name Pinang re-mains current for the island on which thecity lies and for the state of which it is the cap-ital.)

Georgia (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Geor-gian Sak’art’velo]; Roman Iberia (The Romanname should not be confused with that ofmodern Iberia, the European peninsula occu-pied by Spain and Portugal.)

Georgi Damyanovo (village, northwestern Bul-garia) : to 1950 Lopusha

Georgi Dimitrov see KoprinkaGeorgi Traykov see Dolni ChiflikGeorgiu-Dezh see LiskiGeorgiye-Osetinskoye see Nazran’Georgsmarienhütte (city, northwestern Ger-

many) : to 1856 Malbergen (The city grewfrom the Georgs-Marien-Bergwerks- und Hüt-tenverein, the iron and steel works set up in

73 Georgsmarienhütte

1856 in the municipality of Malbergen, whichitself became part of the future city in 1937.)

Geraardsbergen (town, west central Belgium) :French Grammont

Gerace (village, southern Italy) : ancient GreekLocri Epizephyrii

Geraldton see InnisfailGerdauen see 2ZheleznodorozhnyGerlachovka see Gerlachovskï PeakGerlachovskï Peak (northern Slovakia) : early

1950s Stalin Peak; to 1949 GerlachovkaGerman Flats see IlionGermania see GermanyGermanicopolis see ÇankqrqGerman Ocean see North SeaGerman South West Africa see NamibiaGermany (republic, western Europe) : [German

Deutschland]; Roman Germania (The Romanname applied to territory east of the Rhine andnorth of the Danube that only approximatelycorresponds to the present country. It wasnever part of the Roman empire. Germaniawas also the name of the megacity planned byAdolf Hitler to replace Berlin.)

Gernika-Lumo see GuernicaGerona (city, northeastern Spain) : Catalan

Girona; Roman GerundaGeroyskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German GertlaukenGertlauken see GeroyskoyeGertsa see HertsaGerunda see GeronaGeryusy see GorisGéryville see El BayadhGesoriacum see BoulogneGettysburg (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to 1800 GettystownGettystown see GettysburgGetúlio Vargas (city, southern Brazil) : to 1934

ErechimGevaram (kibbutz, southwestern Israel) : for-

merly Kibbutz MaharGevgeli see GevgelijaGevgelija (town, southeastern Macedonia) :

1913–1941 Serbian Djevdjelija; to 1913 TurkishGevgeli

Geyre (village, southwestern Turkey) : ancientGreek Aphrodisias

Gha’em Shahr (city, northern Iran) : to 1980 ShahiGhafurov (town, northern Tajikistan) : (Russian

Gafurov); 1953–1978 Sovetobod (Russian Sovet-abad); to 1953 Ispisar

Ghana (republic, western Africa) : to 1957 GoldCoast

Ghar al-Milh (town, northern Tunisia) : for-merly Porto Farina

Ghazaouet (town, northwestern Algeria) : toc.1962 French Nemours

Ghazzah see GazaGhent (city, northwestern Belgium) : [Flemish

Gent; French Gand]Gheorge Gheorgiu-Dej see One£tiGheorgeni (town, east central Romania) : to

1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian GyergyâszentmiklósGherla (town, northern Romania) : 1940–1945

Hungarian Szamosújvár; to 1867 German Ar-menierstadt; Roman Armenopolis

Ghistelles see GistelGhriss (town, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962

French ThiersvilleGiannitsa (town, northern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish YeniceGiant Mountains see RiesengebirgeGibson’s Pasture see LancasterGila Bend (town, Arizona, southwestern United

States) : originally Santos Apóstoles San Simón yJudas

Gilan see GnjilaneGilbert Islands see KiribatiGilgenburg see DRbrownoGinevra see GenevaG.I. Petrovskogo, imeni see HorodyshcheGippsland (region, Victoria, southeastern Aus-

tralia) : to 1840 Caledonia AustralisGirált see GiraltovceGiraltovce (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian GiráltGirard see Woodland HillsGirardot (city, central Colombia) : originally

Pastor MonteroGiresun (city, northeastern Turkey) : Roman

Cerasus; earlier PharnaciaGirgenti see AgrigentoGirne see KyreniaGirona see GeronaGisborne (city, northeastern New Zealand) :

Maori Turanga (The earlier name was changedto avoid confusion with the town of Taurangato the northwest.)

Gistel (town, western Belgium) : French Ghis-telles

Gitschin see JiVínGiurgiu (city, southern Romania) : originally

Italian San GiorgioGiza (city, northern Egypt) : [Arabic Al Gnzah]Gi∞ycko (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German LötzenGjirokastër (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921

modern Greek ArgyrokastronGjoa Haven (village, Nunavut, northern Can-

ada) : alternate Inuit UqsustuqGladville see Wise

Geraardsbergen 74

Glamorgan (region, southern Wales) : WelshMorgannwg (In 1974 the county of Glamor-ganshire was divided into the three countiesMid Glamorgan, South Glamorgan, and WestGlamorgan. These were abolished in 1996 butthe name remains current for the presentcounty of Vale of Glamorgan.)

Glannoventa see RavenglassGlan-y-Fferi see FerrysideGlaris see GlarusGlarona see GlarusGlarus (town, east central Switzerland) : French

Glaris; Italian GlaronaGlasbury (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh Y Clas-

ar-WyGlasgow see 1ScarboroughGlasgow Junction see Park CityGlatz see KùodzkoGleann Dá Loch see GlendaloughGùdbokie see HlybokayeGleiwitz see GliwiceGlendalough (wooded valley, eastern Ireland) :

Irish Gleann Dá LochGlen Ellyn (village, Illinois, north central United

States) : 1882–1889 Prospect Park; 1851–1882Danby; 1849–1851 Newton’s Station; 1835–1849Stacy’s Corners; 1834–1835 DuPage Center; to1834 Babcock’s Grove (The name changes markthe village’s seven stages of development fromthe year of its founding in 1833.)

Glens Falls (town, New York, northeasternUnited States) : to 1788 Wing’s Falls

Glenview (village, Illinois, north central UnitedStates) : to 1895 Oak Glen; formerly Hutchings;earlier The Grove; originally South Northfield(The village is now a suburb of Chicago.)

Glevum see GloucesterGliwice (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German GleiwitzGlogau see GùogówGùogów (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German GlogauGùogówek (town, southern Poland) : to 1945

German OberglogauGloucester (city, west central England) : Roman

GlevumGloversville (town, New York, northeastern

United States) : to 1832 KingsboroGùubczyce (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German LeobschützGlubokaya see HlybokaGlubokoye see HlybokayeGùuchoùazy (town, southern Poland) : to 1945

German ZiegenhalsGlynebwy see Ebbw ValeGmünd see Teské Velenice

Gnadenburg see VinogradnoyeGnadenflyur see 1PervomayskoyeGnaralbine see CoolgardieGnathia see FasanoGnesen see GnieznoGniezno (town, west central Poland) : 1793–

1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German GnesenGnjilane (village, eastern Kosovo) : to 1913 Turk-

ish GilanGobannium see AbergavennyGobi (desert, central Asia) : alternate Chinese

ShamoGodhavn see 2QeqertarsuaqGöding see HodonínGodmanchester (town, eastern England) :

Roman DurovigutumGodthåb see NuukGodwin Austen, Mt. see K2Godwinville see RidgewoodGoedgegun see NhlanganoGökçeada (island, western Turkey) : to 1973

Imroz; ancient Greek ImbrosGokpala see MikhaylovoGolaya Snova see GolosnovkaGoldap see GoùdapGoùdap (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German GoldapGoldberg see ZùotoryjaGold Coast see GhanaGolden Khersonese see Malay PeninsulaGoldingen see KuldngaGoleniów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German GollnowGolfe de Gascogne see Biscay, Bay ofGolfe du Lion see Lion, Golfe duGolfo de Vizcaya see Biscay, Bay ofGolgotha see CalvaryGoliad (town, Texas, southern United States) : to

1829 Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo ZuñigaGöllnitz see GelnicaGollnow see GoleniówGölnicbánya see GelnicaGolodnaya Step’ see GulistonGolosnovka (village, western Russia) : to c.1938

Golaya SnovaGolovnina (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese TomariGolubovka see KomisarivkaGolubovsky Rudnik see 1Kirovs’kGolyama Kutlovitsa see MontanaGolyam Bratan see BratanGoly Karamysh see 2KrasnoarmeyskGolyshi see VetluzhskyGolyshmanovo (town, southern Russia) : to

1948 KatyshkaGombroon see Bandar Abbas

75 Gombroon

Good Hope, Cape of (southwestern SouthAfrica) : originally Cape of Storms (The cape issaid to have been first named, as PortugueseCabo Tormentoso, by its discoverer in 1488,Bartholomeu Dias. The present name, Por-tuguese Cabo da Boa Esperança, is generallystated to have been given soon after by John IIof Portugal, but may really have been given byDias himself. See also Cape Province.)

Gopher Creek see VirdenGóra (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German

GuhrauGoranboy (town, west central Azerbaijan) : for-

merly Russian Shaumyanovsk; to 1938 RussianNizhny Agdzhakend

GorVe Petrov (town, northern Macedonia) :1913–1941 Serbian Djeneral Hanri

Gordion see YassqhüyükGordium see YassqhüyükGord± see Garg±daiGorey (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish GuaireGorgIn (city, northern Iran) : to 1930s Asterabad

(The modern name is also that of the formerprovince here known to the Romans as Hyrca-nia.)

Gorgeana see 2YorkGorinets see HoryniecGoris (city, southwestern Armenia) : to 1924

GeryusyGöritz see GórzycaGorizia (city, northeastern Italy) : to 1919 Ger-

man Görz (In 1947 Yugoslavia gained thenorthern part of the town and named it NovaGorica, “new Gorizia.” In World War I thetown was the scene of an Italian victory overAustrian forces in 1916.)

Görkau see JirkovGor’ky see Nizhny NovgorodGor’ky-Pavlovy see KaminskyGörlitz-Moys see ZgorzelecGorlovka see HorlivkaGorna Dzhumaya see BlagoevgradGornja Radgona (town, northeastern Slovenia) :

1941–1944 German Ober-Radkersburg (GornjaRadgona lies on the Mura River opposite theAustrian town of Bad Radkersburg.)

Gorno-Altay see AltayGorno-Altaysk (city, southern Russia) : 1932–

1948 Oyrot-Tura; to 1932 UlalaGorno Derekoi see Momchilovtsi1Gornozavodsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–

1945 Japanese Naihoro2Gornozavodsk (town, west central Russia) : to

1965 NovopashiyskyGorny (village, southeastern Russia) : to 1965

Solnechny

Gornyak (town, southern Russia) : to 1946 Zolo-tushino

Gornyak see HirnykGorodenka see HorodenkaGorodishche see (1) Horodyshche; (2) Marha-

nets’Gorodishche-Shevchenkovskoye see Horo-

dyshcheGorodok see (1) Horodok; (2) ZakamenskGorodovikovsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1971 BashantaGorokhov see HorokhivGorongosa (village, central Mozambique) : to

1980 Portuguese Vila Paiva de AndradaGórowo Iùaweckie (town, northeastern Poland) :

to 1945 German LandsbergGorsko-Ivanovskoye see Hirs’keGorskoye see Hirs’keGoryacheistochnenskaya (village, southwestern

Russia) : to c.1940 Goryachevodsk (The healthresort’s name was changed from general “hotwater” to specific “hot springs.”)

Goryachevodsk see GoryacheistochnenskayaGörz see GoriziaGorzów Wielkopolski (city, western Poland) : to

1945 German Landsberg an der WartheGórzyca (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man GöritzGoskopi see KopeyskGospiW (town, western Croatia) : to 1867 Ger-

man GospichGospich see GospiWGostingen see GostyüGostinopolye see VolkhovGostyn see GostyüGostyü (town, western Poland) : 1939–1945

German Gostingen; 1793–1807, 1815–1919 Ger-man Gostyn

Gostynin (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945German Gasten

Göteborg (city, southwestern Sweden) : tradi-tional English Gothenburg

Gotenhafen see GdyniaGotera see San Francisco GoteraGothenburg see GöteborgGotnya see 1ProletarskyGotse Delchev (town, southwestern Bulgaria) :

to 1950 NevrokopGotsev Vrukh (mountain, southwestern Bul-

garia) : to 1953 Alibotush (The peak is on theborder with Greece, where it is known as AliBoutous.)

Gottesberg see BoguszówGottesgab see Bo±í DarGottschee see KoVevjeGottwaldov see Zlín

Good Hope, Cape of 76

Gotval’d see ZmiyivGovernador Valadares (city, southeastern Brazil)

: to 1939 FigueiraGowanbank (village, eastern Scotland) : for-

merly Colliston (The village was presumablyrenamed to avoid confusion with Collieston,north of Aberdeen.)

Gower (peninsula, southern Wales) : Welsh GwyrGower Road see GowertonGowerton (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Tre-

gwyr; to 1886 Gower RoadGracias see LempiraGräfenberg see Láznfi JeseníkGraham Land see Antarctic PeninsulaGraham Peninsula see Antarctic PeninsulaGrama see São Sebastião da GramaGrammont see GeraardsbergenGran see EsztergomGran Canaria (island, central Canary Islands,

Spain) : traditional English Grand CanaryGrand Bassa see BuchananGrand-Brûlé see LaterrièreGrand Canary see Gran CanariaGrand Chute see AppletonGrande Comore see NjazidjaGrande Prairie see 2Grand ForksGrand Falls see Churchill Falls1Grand Forks (city, North Dakota, northern

United States) : originally Les Grandes Fourches2Grand Forks (town, British Columbia, south-

western Canada) : to 1897 Grande PrairieGrandport see EcorseGrand Rapids see Wisconsin RapidGranite Creek see MareebaGranville see VancouverGraslitz see KrasliceGrassholm (island, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

GwalesGrassy Mountain see Oglethorpe, Mt.Gråsten (town, southern Denmark) : formerly

German GravensteinGratianopolis see GrenobleGratz see GrazGrätz see Grodzisk WielkopolskiGraubünden (canton, eastern Switzerland) :

French Grisons; Italian GrigioniGraudenz see GrudziRdzGraupius Mons see BennachieGrave Creek see MoundsvilleGravelly Bay see Port ColborneGravenstein see GråstenGrays Harbor (county, Washington, northwest-

ern United States) : to 1915 ChehalisGraz (city, southeastern Austria) : formerly GratzGreat Barrier Island (northeastern New

Zealand) : Maori Aotea

Great Britain (kingdom, western Europe) :alternate colloquial Britain; Roman Britan-nia; earlier Albion (Roman Britannia strictlyapplied to modern England, Wales, andScotland south of the Antonine Wall, whichextended from the Forth River in the east tothe Clyde in the west. Great Britain is itselfthe largest and main part of the United King-dom. The colloquial name is associated withthe 1940 Battle of Britain between Germanand British air forces, intended by Hitler as apreliminary to his planned invasion ofBritain.)

Greater St. Lucia Wetlands Park see iSiman-galiso Wetlands Park

Great Falls see SomersworthGreat Fish River see Back RiverGreat Grimsby see GrimsbyGreat Haystack see Lafayette, Mt.Great Salt Lake City see Salt Lake CityGreat Whale River see KuujjuarapikGreat Yarmouth see YarmouthGrebyonka see HrebinkaGrebyonkovsky see HrebinkaGreece (republic, southern Europe) : [modern

Greek Ellás]; ancient Greek HellasGreeley (city, Colorado, west central United

States) : originally Union ColonyGreen Bay (city, Wisconsin, northern United

States) : originally La BayeGreenbriar see ParmaGreenfield (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

Maes-glasGreenland (island, northeastern North America)

: [Danish Grønland; Greenlandic KalaallitNunaat]

Green’s Bluff see 3OrangeGreen’s Shore see Summerside1Greenville (city, North Carolina, eastern United

States) : to 1786 Martinsborough2Greenville (city, South Carolina, southeastern

United States) : to 1821 PleasantburgGreenwood (town, Mississippi, southeastern

United States) : to 1844 Williams LandingGreifenberg see GryficeGreifenhagen see GryfinoGreiffenberg see Gryfów ¡lRskiGrelibre see GrenobleGrenoble (city, southeastern France) : 1793 Gre-

libre; Roman Gratianopolis (The Revolutionaryname replaced an aristocratic noble with anegalitarian libre, “free.”)

Grenville Island see RotumaGresffordd see GresfordGresford (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

Gresffordd

77 Gresford

Gretna (town, Louisiana, southern UnitedStates) : to 1913 Mechanicsham

Greyerz see GruyèresGreymouth (town, western New Zealand) : for-

merly Greytown; earlier Blaketown, originallyCrescent City

Greystones (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish NaClocha Liatha

Greytown see GreymouthGriffintown see SmithvilleGrigioni see GraubündenGrimm see KamenskyGrimsby (town, eastern England) : from 1979

officially Great Grimsby (The formal name dis-tinguishes the town from the nearby village ofLittle Grimsby.)

Grimshader (village, Western Isles, northwesternScotland) : Gaelic Griomaisiader

Griomaisiader see GrimshaderGrise Fiord (village, Nunavut, northern Canada)

: alternate Inuit AujuittuqGrishino see Krasnoarmiys’kGrisons see GraubündenGrobin see GrobinaGrobina (town, western Latvia) : (Russian

Grobinya); to 1918 Russian GrobinGrobinya see GrobinaGródek Jagielloüski see HorodokGrodekovo see PogranichnyGrodisk see Grodzisk MazowieckiGrodków (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German GrottkauGrodno see HrodnaGrodzisk Mazowiecki (town, east central

Poland) : to 1915 Russian GrodiskGrodzisk Wielkopolski (town, western Poland)

: to 1945 German GrätzGrønland see GreenlandGrosmont (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh Y

GrysmwntGross-Bitesch see Velká Bíte§Grossdale see BrookfieldGrossdirschkeim see 1DonskoyeGrossendorf bei Putzig see Wielka Wie¢Grosse Pointe see EvanstonGrosse Pointe Woods (town, Michigan, north-

ern United States) : to 1939 Lochmoor (Thetown, one of five named Grosse Pointe, is nowa residential suburb of Detroit.)

Grosshammer see Velké HamryGrossheidekrug see 1Vzmor’yeGrosskanischa see NagykanizsaGross-Karlowitz see Velké KarloviceGrosskarol see CareiGross-Lindenau see OzyorkiGross-Meseritsch see Velké Mezi†íVí

Gross-Müllen see MielnoGross-Opatowitz see Velké OpatoviceGross-Pawlowitz see Velké PavloviceGross-Popowitz see Velké PopoviceGross-Priesen see Velké B†eznoGross-Salze see WielickaGross-Schönau see Velkï ¶enovGross-Skaisgirren see BolshakovoGross-Steffelsdorf see Rimavská SobotaGross-Strehlitz see StrzelceGross-Ullersdorf see Velké LosinyGrosswardein see OradeaGross-Wartenberg see SycówGrosulovo see Velyka MykhaylivkaGrottau an der Niesse see Hrádek nad NisouGrottkau see GrodkówGrover see TiltonsvilleGroves (town, Texas, southern United States) :

originally Pecan GroveGrovesend (village, southern Wales) : Welsh

PengelliGrozdyovo (village, eastern Bulgaria) : 1934–

1950 Rakovets; to 1878 Turkish KöprüköyGrubeshov see HrubieszówGrudovo see SredetsGrudziRdz (city, north central Poland) : 1772–

1919, 1939–1945 German GraudenzGrukhi see NovovyatskGrumbkowfelde see PravdinoGrumbkowkeiten see PravdinoGrumento Nova (village, southern Italy) :

Roman GrumentumGrumentum see Grumento NovaGrunau see Je∞ówGrünberg see Zielona GóraGrünfelde see StdbarkGrünheide see KaluzhskoyeGrunwald see StdbarkGrushka see 1Ul’yanovkaGrüssau see KrzeszówGruyères (town, western Switzerland) : German

GreyerzGruzitsino see Krasny ProfinternGryfice (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German GreifenbergGryfino (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German GreifenhagenGryfów ¡lRski (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German GreiffenbergGuachalla (town, western Bolivia) : to c.1945 Il-

abayaGuaçuí (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese Siqueiro CamposGuadalajara (city, central Spain) : Roman Arri-

acaGuadalupe see Canelones

Gretna 78

Guadalupe Hidalgo see Gustavo A. MaderoGuaíba (city, southern Brazil) : to c.1925 Portu-

guese Pedras BrancasGuaire see GoreyGuanahani see 1San SalvadorGuangzhou see 1CantonGuantánamo (city, eastern Cuba) : to 1843 Santa

Catalina del Saltadero del GuasoGuapó (town, east central Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese RibeirãoGuaporé see 1RondôniaGuarani see PacajusGuaratinguetá (city, southeastern Brazil) : origi-

nally Freguesia de Santo Antônio deGuaratinguetá

Guaraúna (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-tuguese Valinhos

Guarulhos (city, southeastern Brazil) : originallyNossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos

Guastatoya see El ProgresoGuayama (town, southeastern Puerto Rico) :

originally San Antonio de Padua de GuayamaGuayaquil (city, southwestern Ecuador) : origi-

nally Santiago de GuayaquilGubadag (town, northern Turkmenistan) :

formerly Russian Tel’mansk; to 1938 Taza-Kala

Gubbio (town, central Italy) : Medieval LatinEugubium; Roman Iguvium

Guben (city, eastern Germany) : 1961–1990 Wil-helm-Pieck-Stadt

Gubin (town, western Poland) : to 1945 GermanGuben (The town was originally part of theGerman city of Guben, but came under Polishadministration when East Germany was di-vided along the Oder River in 1945.)

Gubkin (town, western Russia) : to 1939 Korob-kovo

Guchkovo see DedovskGüeciapam see AhuachapánGuelderland see GelderlandGuened see VannesGuernica (town, northern Spain) : Basque

Gernika-Lumo (The Basque name is the equiv-alent of Spanish Guernica y Luno, “Guernicaand Luno,” the latter being the surroundingdistrict with which the original town wasunited as a municipality in 1882.)

Guernsey (island, Channel Islands, southernUnited Kingdom) : Roman Sarnia (TheRoman name has also been assigned to thesmaller island of Herm, east of Guernsey.)

Gugark’ (village, western Armenia) : formerlyMegrut

Guhrau see GóraGuijá (town, southern Mozambique) : 1964–

1980 Portuguese Vila Alferes Chamusca; to 1964Portuguese Caniçado

Guijá see ChókwéGuilford (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1643 MenunketuckGuilherme Capelo see CacongoGuilsfield (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh CegidfaGuinea (republic, western Africa) : to 1958

French GuineaGuinea-Bissau (republic, western Africa) : to

1973 Portuguese GuineaGuiratinga (town, western Brazil) : 1939–1943

Portuguese Lajeado; to 1939 Portuguese SantaRita do Araguaia

Gukasyan see Ashots’k’Gulbahor (town, northeastern Uzbekistan) : to

1977 KirdaGulbene (town, northeastern Latvia) : to 1918

German Schwanenburg (Under German rule,the town was properly Altschwanenburg, “OldSchwanenburg,” as against the village ofNeuschwanenburg, “New Schwanenburg,” nowJaungulbene, 10 miles to the southwest.)

Gulcha-Guzar see GülchöGülchö (town, southern Kyrgyzstan) : to 1938

Gulcha-GuzarGulf, The see Persian GulfGulf of Chihli see Bo HaiGulf of Lions see Lion, Golfe duGulistan see GulistonGuliston (city, east central Uzbekistan) : (Rus-

sian Gulistan); c.1905–1961 Mirzachul (RussianGolodnaya Step’); to c.1905 Russian Dukhovsky

Gumbinnen see GusevGumpolds see HumpolecGum Pond see TupeloGum Springs see ShawneeGümülcine see KomotiníGundorovka see DonetskGüns see KâszegGurkfeld see Kr§koGurkovo (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish Gyavur KuyusuGuruve (town, northern Zimbabwe) : 1980–1982

Chipuriro; to 1980 Sipolilo (The two formernames are really one and the same.)

Gur’yev see AtyrauGur’yevsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man NeuhausenGusev (city, western Russia) : to 1945 German

GumbinnenGusevka see NovosibirskGusinoozersk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1953

ShakhtyGüssing (town, eastern Austria) : to 1919 Hun-

garian Németújvár

79 Güssing

Gustavo A. Madero (city, central Mexico) : to1931 Guadalupe Hidalgo (The city, now a partof Mexico City, gave its name to the 1848Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending theMexican War.)

Gusyatin see HusyatynGúta see KolárovoGutenfeld see Dobru§kaGuttentag see DobrodzieüGuttstadt see Dobre MiastoGuyana (republic, northern South America) : to

1966 British GuianaGuyane Française see French GuianaGuyotville see Aïn BenianGuysborough (village, Nova Scotia, eastern

Canada) : to 1901 ChedabuctoGüzelhisar see AydqnGvardeysk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man TapiauGvardeyskoye see (1) 2Chornomors’ke;

(2) 1,2Hvardiys’keGvozdev Islands see Diomede IslandsGwales see GrassholmGwelo see GweruGwenfô see WenvoeGweru (city, southwestern Zimbabwe) : to 1982

GweloGwy see WyeGwyr see GowerGyachrypsh (village, northwestern Georgia) :

1944–1992 Leselidze; to 1944 Russian Yermo-lovsk

Gyanafalva see JennersdorfGyandzha see GäncäG.Ya. Sedova, imeni see SyedoveGyavur Kuyusu see GurkovoGyergyâszentmiklós see GheorgeniGyâr (city, northwestern Hungary) : to 1867

German Raab; Roman ArrabonaGyârszentmárton see PannonhalmaGyulafehérvár see Alba IuliaGyumri (city, northwestern Armenia) : 1924–

1990 Russian Leninakan; 1840–1924 RussianAleksandropol’; to 1840 Kumayri (The earliestname, from which the present name evolved ina corrected form, remains current for the city’shistorical center.)

Gyumyurdzhina see KomotiníGzhatsk see 1GagarinHaapsalu (town, western Estonia) : to 1918 Ger-

man HapsalHabelschwerdt see Bystrzyca KùodzkaHabitancum see RisinghamHacieles see P≠rvomayHackensack (city, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1921 New Barbadoes

Hadersleben see HaderslevHaderslev (city, southwestern Denmark) : 1864–

1920 German HaderslebenHadjadj (village, northwestern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French BosquetHadjout (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French MarengoHadranum see AdranoHadrumetum see SousseHaemus see Balkan MountainsHafren see SevernHagerstown (city, Maryland, northeastern

United States) : to 1814 ElizabethtownHagioi Saranta see SarandaHague, The (city, southwestern Netherlands) :

[Dutch ’s-Gravenhage] (The formal Dutchname has a shorter common form Den Haag.)

Hahndorf (town, South Australia, southern Aus-tralia) : 1918–1935 Ambleside

Hailar (city, northeastern China) : 1910–1947Hulun

Hainaut (province, southwestern Belgium) :Flemish Henegouwen

Haindorf see HejniceHainspach see LipováHaiti (republic, central West Indies) : to 1802

French St.-Domingue (See also Hispaniola.)Hakkâri (city, southeastern Turkey) : formerly

ÇölemerikHal see Halleπalab see AleppoHalbstadt see MezimfistíHalden (town, southeastern Norway) : 1665–

1928 Swedish FredrikshaldHalfmoon Bay see ObanHalfway Village see EastpointeHalicarnassus see BodrumHalicz see (1) 1Galicia; (2) HalychHall Beach (village, Nunavut, northern Canada)

: alternate Inuit SanirajakHalle (town, central Belgium) : French HalHallerowo see Wielka Wie¢Hallowell see 1PictonHalmahera (island, northeastern Indonesia) :

formerly DjailoloHalq el Oued (town, northern Tunisia) : for-

merly French La GouletteHalych (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Galich); 1919–1939 Polish HaliczHalys see KqzqlqrmakHama (city, western Syria) : ancient Greek

EpiphaniaHamadan (city, western Iran) : ancient Greek

EcbatanaHamadia (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French Victor Hugo

Gustavo A. Madero 80

Hämeenlinna (city, southern Finland) : to 1809Swedish Tavastehus

Hamelin see HamelnHameln (city, north central Germany) : tradi-

tional English HamelinHamqdabad see Isparta1Hamilton (city, Ohio, north central United

States) : originally Fairfield (In 1986 the cityadded an exclamation point to its name asHamilton! in a bid to draw attention to itself,although the addition was not widely or evenofficially adopted.)

2Hamilton (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada): to 1815 Burlington Bay

Hamilton see ChurchillHamina (town, southeastern Finland) : to 1809

Swedish FredrikshamnHammerstein see CzarneHammond (city, Indiana, north central United

States) : to 1873 State Line; originally HohmanHamônia see IbiramaHampden see MurchisonHampton see RuthHamtap see GaziantepHamza (town, northeastern Uzbekistan) : (Rus-

sian Khamza); 1963–1974 Russian imeniKhamzy Khakimzade; c.1929–1963 RussianVannovsky; to c.1929 Shakhimardan

Hanan’s Bluff see Yazoo CityHandlová (town, west central Slovakia) : for-

merly Hungarian NyitrabányaHangö see HankoHangtown see PlacervilleHanko (town, southwestern Finland) : to 1809

Swedish Hangö (The Soviet naval base leasedfrom Finland here in 1940 after the Russo-Finnish War was named Ganko.)

Hannover see 1HanoverHannuit see HannutHannut (town, east central Belgium) : French

HannuitHanoi (city, northern Vietnam) : 1428–1787

Chinese Dong Kinh; alternate French Tonquin,English Tonkin or Tongking (From 1883 to1945, during the French colonial period, theEuropean form of the Chinese name was ap-plied to the entire region around the city.)

1Hanover (city, northern Germany) : [GermanHannover] (The English spelling has historicalresonance from the British royal house ofHanover, which provided six monarchs overthe 18th and 19th centuries, from George I toVictoria.)

2Hanover (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada): formerly Buck’s Bridge; originally Buck’sCrossing.

Hansa see CorupáHanumangarh (city, northwestern India) : to

1805 BhatnerHanya see CaneaHapsal see HaapsaluHaran (village, southeastern Turkey) : Roman

CarrhaeHarare (city, north central Zimbabwe) : 1897–

1982 Salisbury; originally Fort SalisburyHarbin (city, northeastern Russia) : 1932–1945

Japanese PinkiangHardenberg’s Corners see 1AuburnHardscrabble see StreatorHargreaves see BrysonHaridwar (city, northern India) : originally

KapilaHarlem see Forest ParkHarmanli see KharmanliHarmonie see New HarmonyHarmsfontein see CarnarvonHarper (town, southeastern Liberia) : to 1857

Cape PalmasHarper see Costa MesaHarrington see 2AugustaHarris see Isle of LewisHarrisburg (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : formerly Louisbourg; to 1785Harris’ Ferry

Harris’ Corner see Winter HavenHarris’ Ferry see HarrisburgHarrison see ScrantonHarrodsburg (town, Kentucky, east central

United States) : formerly Oldtown; originallyHarrodstown

Harrodstown see HarrodsburgHartingsburg see Bela-BelaHartley see ChegutuHarvey (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : originally South LawnHasan Abdal (town, northern Pakistan) : for-

merly CampbellpurHasei Nameche (village, northwestern Algeria) :

to c.1962 French RivoliHaselberg see KrasnoznamenskHasenpoth see AizputeHasköy see Khaskovo1Hastings (town, Minnesota, northern United

States) : originally Buckhorn2Hastings (village, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1847 Crook’s RapidsHatra see Al πaörHatzfeld see JimboliaHaussonvillers see NaciriaHaut-Congo see OrientaleHauturu see Little Barrier IslandHaut-Zaïre see Orientale

81 Haut-Zaïre

Havana (city, western Cuba) : [Spanish La Ha-bana]

Havelock see (1) Bryson; (2) BulembuHaverfordwest (town, southwestern Wales) :

Welsh HwlfforddHaví†ov (city, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939–

1945 German Schlesisch-Schumbarg; 1938–1939Polish Szumbark ¡lRski; to 1918 German Schle-sisch-Schumbarg

HavlíVkÀv Brod (city, central Czech Republic) :to 1918, 1939–1945 German Deutsch-Brod(The Czech name Nfimeckï Brod, “Germanford,” was formerly also current as a translationof the German.)

Havre-St.-Pierre (village, Quebec, eastern Can-ada) : to 1930 St.-Pierre-de-la-Pointe-aux-Esquimaux

Havrylivs’kyy Zavod see DruzhkivkaHawaii (island state of United States, central

Pacific) : formerly Sandwich IslandsHawarden (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

PenarlâgHayasdan see ArmeniaHayden see AmpezzoHayden’s Ferry see TempeHaynesville see Johnson CityHay-on-Wye (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh Y

Gelli GandryllHayrabolu (town, northwestern Turkey) : 1920–

1922 modern Greek KhairepolisHay River (town, Northwest Territories, central

Canada) : alternate Inuit Xatl’o DeheHead of Elk see ElktonHeatherwood see EdsonHeaton’s Furnace see NilesHebrides (island group, northwestern Scotland) :

Roman Hebudae (The Roman name was ap-plied to the Inner Hebrides, and did not in-clude the Outer Hebrides or Western Isles.)

Hebron (town, southern West Bank) : [Arabic AlKhalnl], biblical Kiriath-Arba (The nameKiriath-Arba predates the better-known bibli-cal name Hebron.)

Hebudae see HebridesHeerwegen see PolkowiceHefei (city, eastern China) : to 1912 LuzhouHegyeshalom (village, northwestern Hungary) :

to 1867 German Strass-SommereinHei Chiang see Black RiverHeidekrug see ¶ilutcHeiligenbeil see MamonovoHeilsberg see Lidzbark WarmiüskiHeinrichswalde see SlavskHeisternest see JastarniaHejnice (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German Haindorf

Hel (village, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,1939–1945 German Hela

Hela see HelHelena (town, Arkansas, south central United

States) : to 1821 St. Francis; originally Monti-cello

Helgoland see HeligolandHeligoland (island, eastern North Sea) : German

Helgoland (The English name has a historiclegacy. The island was seized by the British in1807, ceded to Germany in 1890, attacked bythe Allies as a German naval stronghold inWorld War II, and after the war used as abombing range by the Royal Air Force until1952, when it was returned to Germany.)

Heliopolis (ancient city, northern Egypt) : bibli-cal On; alternate biblical Beth-shemesh

Heliopolis see BaalbekHellas see GreeceHellespont see DardanellesHellgate see MissoulaHelsingfors see HelsinkiHelsingør see ElsinoreHelsinki (city, southern Finland) : to 1809

Swedish Helsingfors (The Swedish name wasoriginally that of the city founded in 1550north of the present city, which arose in 1640.The name prevailed until 1917, when Finlandgained independence from Russia.)

Helvetia see SwitzerlandHendy-gwyn see WhitlandHenegouwen see HainautHenkenhagen see Ustronie MorskieHeraclea see (1) Ayvalqk; (2) PolicoroHeraclea Cybistra see 2EregliHeraclea Pontica see 1EregliHeracleum see IráklionHeraklion see IráklionHerbertshöhe see KokopoHercegfalva see MezâfalvaHerceg-Novi (town, southwestern Montenegro)

: to 1918 Italian CastelnuovoHerch-la-Ville see Herk-de-StadHerculândia (town, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 HerculâniaHerculaneum see ErcolanoHerculânia see (1) Coxim; (2) HerculândiaHerdonia see OrdonaHeredia (town, central Costa Rica) : formerly

Villavieja; originally CubujuquíHeretaunga see HuttHéristal see HerstalHerk-de-Stad (town, east central Belgium) :

French Herch-la-VilleHerm see GuernseyHermannsbad see Ciechocinek

Havana 82

Hermannstadt see SibiuHermanus (town, southwestern South Africa) :

to 1904 HermanuspietersfonteinHermanuspietersfontein see HermanusHermon, Mt. (ridge, southern Lebanon) : Ara-

bic Jabal ash-Shaykh (The ridge is mentionedseveral times in the Bible, where it is alsocalled Senir or Sirion, and the three names mayhave originally been those of the mountaincluster’s three main peaks.)

Hermopolis Magna see Al AshmuneinHermopolis Parva see DamanhurHermsdorf see SobidcinHermus see GedizHernandarias (town, eastern Paraguay) : for-

merly TacurupucúHeroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco see TlaxiacoHeroica Matamoros see MatamorosHeroica Puebla de Zaragoza see PueblaHerriott’s Falls see LakefieldHerrnstadt see WRsoszHerstal (town, eastern Belgium) : French

HéristalHer´a see HertsaHertsa (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Gertsa); to 1940 Romanian Her´aHervey Island see 1ManuaeHesperides see BanghIznHespeler (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1858 Bergytown (In 1973 Hespeler com-bined with two other towns, Galt and Preston,to form the new city of Cambridge.)

Hesse (state, central Germany) : [GermanHessen]

Hessen see HesseHeydebreck see Kddzierzyn-KoØleHezargrad see RazgradHibernia see IrelandHickory see 1WarrenHicks Ferry see 2BridgetownHidalgo del Parral (city, north central Mexico) :

formerly ParralHiddekel see TigrisHierapolis see PamukkaleHierosolyma see JerusalemHierro (island, western Canary Islands, Spain) :

formerly FerroHigashi-naibuchi see UglezavodskHighlands see Fort ThomasHillsboro see HillsboroughHillsborough (town, North Carolina, eastern

United States) : 1766–1965 Hillsboro;1759–1766 Childsburgh; earlier Corbinton;originally Orange

Hillsborough Canal Settlement see BelleGlade

Himarë (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921modern Greek Kheimarra

Hînce£ti (town, south central Moldova) : for-merly Russian Kotovsk; 1940–1965 Russian Ko-tovskoye; to 1940 Gancheshty

Hindenburg see ZabrzeH.I. Petrovs’koho, imeny see HorodyshcheHippo Diarrhytus see BizertaHipponium see Vibo ValentiaHippo Regius see AnnabaHippo Zarytus see BizertaHirnyk (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Gornyak); to 1958 Sotshorodok (Russian Sots-gorodok)

Hirochi see PravdaHirschberg see Jelenia GóraHirs’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Gorskoye); to c.1940 Hirs’ko-Ivanivs’ke (RussianGorsko-Ivanovskoye)

Hirs’ko-Ivanivs’ke see Hirs’keHispalis see SevilleHispania see SpainHispaniola (island, central West Indies) : for-

merly Spanish Española (The French name St.-Domingue, now usually associated with Haiti,which occupies the western third of Hispan-iola, was sometimes also applied to the entireisland, of which the eastern two thirds are nowoccupied by the Dominican Republic, withcapital Santo Domingo.)

Histonium see VastoHizaori see 2AsakaHlohovec (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Galgóc; to 1867 German FreistadtHluVín (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1919,

1938–1945 German HultschinHlyboka (town, southwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Glubokaya); 1919–1940 Romanian Adîn-cata

Hlybokaye (town, northern Belarus) : (RussianGlubokoye); 1919–1939 Polish Gùdbokie

Hnú§t’a (town, south central Slovakia) : to 1918Hungarian Likér

Ho Chi Minh City (city, southern Vietnam) : to1976 Saigon (The old name continues to havelocal and popular currency, if only from the1989 musical Miss Saigon.)

Hochstadt see Vysoké nad JizerouHodeida see Al HudaydahHodonín (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German GödingHoei see HuyHoek van Holland see Hook of HollandHofmeyr (town, southern South Africa) : to 1911

MaraisburgHoggar see Ahaggar

83 Hoggar

Hog Heaven see 2MoscowHog Island see Paradise IslandHohenbruck see T†ebechovice pod OrebemHohenelbe see VrchlabíHohenfriedeberg see DRbromerzHohenfurth see Vy§§í BrodHohenmauth see Vysoké Mï toHohensalza see InowrocùawHohensalzburg see LuninoHohenstadt see Záb†ehHohenstein see (1) Olsztynek; (2) PszczólkiHohhot (city, northern China) : alternate Huhe-

hot; to 1954 Kweisui (The earlier name com-bined those of the formerly adjacent citiesKuei-hua and Suiyuan.)

Hohman see HammondHokkaido (island, northern Japan) : to 1869 YezoHolcomb see MundeleinHole§ov (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German HolleschauHolman (village, Northwest Territories, north-

ern Canada) : alternate Inuit UluqsaqtuuaHolland see NetherlandsHollandia see JayapuraHolleschau see Hole§ovHolmgard see Veliky NovgorodHolsteinsborg see SisimiutHolt City see Lake LouiseHolubivka see KomisarivkaHolubivs’kyy Rudnyk see 1Kirovs’kHoly Cross, Mount of the (peak, Colorado,

west central United States) : 1929–1950 HolyCross National Monument

Holy Cross National Monument see HolyCross, Mount of the

Holyhead (town, northwestern Wales) : WelshCaergybi

Holy Island (northwestern Wales) : Welsh YnysGybi

Holy Island see LindisfarneHolywell (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

TreffynnonHolywood (town, eastern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Ard Mhic NascaHomonna see HumennéHoms (city, west central Syria) : Roman EmesaHoms see Al KhumsHondarribia see FuenterrabíaHoney Creek see West AllisHong see Red RiverHong Kong (special administrative zone, south-

eastern China) : Chinese Xianggang (The cur-rent name, a corruption of the Chinese, be-came established over the period 1898–1997,when the territory was leased to Britain.)

Honto see Nevel’sk

Hook of Holland (cape, southwestern Nether-lands) : [Dutch Hoek van Holland] (The capeis named not for the country of Holland,meaning the Netherlands, but for its western,low-lying part, now divided into the provincesof North Holland and South Holland, DutchNoord-Holland and Zuid-Holland.)

Hoover Dam (Colorado River, Arizona/Nevada,western United States) : to 1947 Boulder Dam

Hope (village, northeastern Wales) : Yr HôbHopeh (province, northeastern China) : to 1911

ChihliHopes Advance Bay see AupalukHopewell see 2ParisHopkinsville (city, Kentucky, east central United

States) : to 1797 ElizabethtownHopkinsville see KirksvilleHorbat Qesari see CaesareaHoreb, Mt. see Sinai, Mt.Horgos see Horgo§Horgo§ (village, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941–

1944 Hungarian HorgosHo†ice (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German HorschitzHorlivka (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Gorlovka)Horncastle (town, eastern England) : Roman

Bannovalium (A case has been made for locat-ing the named Roman settlement at the mod-ern town of Caistor, 25 miles to the north, butthe identification given here is generally pre-ferred, if only because Celtic Banno- means“horn.”)

Hornell (town, New York, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1820 Upper Canisteo

Horní Dvo†i§tfi (village, southwestern CzechRepublic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Ober-haid

Horochów see HorokhivHorodenka (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Gorodenka); to 1939 Polish HorodenkoHorodok (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Gorodok); to 1939 Polish Gródek JagielloüskiHorodyshche (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian

Gorodishche); 1933–1944 imeny H.I. Petro-vs’koho (Russian imeni G.I. Petrovskogo); 1929–1933 Horodyshche-Shevchenkivs’ke (RussianGorodishche-Shevchenkovskoye)

Horodyschche see Marhanets’Horodyschche-Shevchenkivs’ke see Horo-

dyshcheHorokhiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Gorokhov); 1919–1939 Polish HorochówHo†ovice (town, west central Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German HorschowitzHorschitz see Ho†ice

Hog Heaven 84

Horschowitz see Ho†oviceHorseheads (town, New York, northeastern

United States) : to 1840s FairportHor§ovskï Tï n (town, western Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1938–1945 German BischofteinitzHorst Wessel Stadt see FriedrichshainHorton Corner see KentvilleHoryniec (village, southeastern Poland) : 1939–

1941 Russian GorinetsHot Springs see Truth or ConsequencesHotval’d see ZmiyivHotzenplotz see OsoblahaHousesteads (historic site, northeastern En-

gland) : Roman Vercovicium (The name of theRoman fort here on Hadrian’s Wall was longcited as Borcovicium.)

Hovd (town, western Mongolia) : formerlyDzhirgalantu (The former name became anofficial alternate name in 1928.)

Howth (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish BinnÉadair (Howth is now a suburb of Dublin.)

Hoynau see ChojnówHradec Králové (town, northwestern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German König-grätz (The German name is associated withthe nearby site of the battle of 1866 in whichthe Prussians decisively defeated the Austriansduring the Austro-Prussian War.)

Hrádek nad Nisou (town, northern Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Grottauan der Niesse

1Hranice (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1939–1945 German Mährisch-Weiss-kirchen

2Hranice (town, western Czech Republic) : to1918, 1938–1945 German Rossbach (This Ross-bach should not be confused with the villageof the same name in eastern Germany that wasthe scene of a Prussian victory over the Frenchand Austrians in 1757 during the Seven Years’War.)

Hrazdan (town, central Armenia) : (RussianRazdan); to 1959 Akhta

Hrebinka (town, north central Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Grebyonka); to 1959 Hrebinkivs’kyy (Rus-sian Grebyonkovsky)

Hrebinkivs’kyy see HrebinkaHrodna (city, western Belarus) : (Russian

Grodno); 1919–1939 Polish Grodno; to 1918Russian Grodno

Hrosulove see Velyka MykhaylivkaHrubieszów (town, eastern Poland) : to 1915

Russian GrubeshovHrushka see 1Ul’yanovkaHrvatska see CroatiaHryshyne see Krasnoarmiys’k

Hsia-men see XiamenHuaicho see Puerto AcostaHuamanga see AyacuchoHuambo (city, west central Angola) : 1928–1975

Portuguese Nova LisboaHuancavelica (town, central Peru) : originally

Vila Rica de OropesaHuang Hai see Yellow SeaHuang He see Huango HoHuang Ho (river, north central and eastern

China) : alternate Hwang He; traditional En-glish Yellow River (The Pinyin form of thename, Huang He, is usually preferred on maps.The river flows through the Bo Hai into theYellow Sea.)

Huangyuan (town, northwestern China) : to1912 Tangar

Huánuco (city, central Peru) : originally León delos Caballeros de Huánuco

Hudson Island see NanumangaHueneme see Port HuenemeHuesca (city, northeastern Spain) : Roman OscaHuhehot see HohhotHuicheng see Shexian1Hull (city, northeastern England) : alternate

(official) Kingston upon Hull2Hull (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : to

1875 WrightstownHull Island see OronaHultschin see HluVínHulun see HailarHumenné (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian HomonnaHummelstadt see Lewin KùodskiHummock Hill see WhyallaHumphrey Island see ManihikiHumphreyville see SeymourHumpolec (town, south central Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1939–1945 German GumpoldsHunedoara (city, west central Romania) : to 1918

Hungarian VajdahunyadHunericopolis see SousseHungary (republic, central Europe) : [Hungarian

Magyarország; German Ungarn] (The Germanname became historically associated with themonarchy of Austria-Hungary.)

Hungerburg see Narva-JõesuuHuntersville see North Little RockHuntington Beach (city, California, southwest-

ern United States) : 1901–1904 Pacific City; to1901 Shell Beach

Huntington Park (city, California, southwesternUnited States) : to 1904 La Park (The city is aresidential suburb of Los Angeles.)

Huntly (town, northern New Zealand) : MaoriRahuipukeko

85 Huntly

Huntsville (city, Alabama, south central UnitedStates) : to 1811 Twickenham

Hurbanovo (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1948Stará 7ala; to 1918, 1939–1945 HungarianÓgyalla (Both of the earlier names mean “Old7ala.”)

Hurd Island see AroraeHuron see Point EdwardHusiatyn see HusyatynHüsnümansur see AdqyamanHustopeVe (town, southeastern Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1938–1945 German AuspitzHusyatyn (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Gusyatin); to 1939 Polish HusiatynHuszt see KhustHutchings see GlenviewHutt (river, central New Zealand) : Maori Here-

taungaHuy (town, eastern Belgium) : Flemish HoeiHvar (town, southern Croatia) : to 1918 Italian

Lesina (The town is on the island of the samename, known to the ancient Greeks as Pharos.)

1Hvardiys’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Gvardeyskoye); to 1944 Sarabuz

2Hvardiys’ke (village, western Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Gvardeyskoye); to 1946 Felshtin

Hvardiys’ke see Chornomors’keHviezdoslavov (village, southwestern Slovakia) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian UszorHwaining see AnqingHwange (town, western Zimbabwe) : to 1982

WankieHwang Hai see Yellow SeaHwang Ho see Huang HoHwlffordd see HaverfordwestH.Ya. Syedova, imeny see SyedoveHydaspes see JhelumHydruntum see OtrantoHyrcania see GorgInHyrcanum Mare see Caspian SeaIaloveni (town, central Moldova) : (Russian

Yaloven’); formerly Russian KutuzovIa£i (city, northeastern Romania) : formerly Ger-

man Jassy (The town received its Germanname when it became a customs post in thelate 14th or early 15th century.)

Ibaiti (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 BarraBonita

Ibatuba see Soledade de MinasIberia see (1) Georgia; (2) SpainIberus see EbroIberville (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :

to 1854 ChristievilleIbiapinópolis see SoledadeIbiraçu (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Pau Gigante

Ibirama (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944Portuguese Hamônia

Ibirarema (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944Portuguese Pau d’Alho

Ibiúna (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-tuguese Una

Iboti see Neves Paulistajbrail see BrQilaIçana (town, northwestern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese São FelipeIcaros see FaylakahIcaturama see Santa Rosa do ViterboIceland (island republic, North Atlantic) : [Ice-

landic Ísland]Ichki-Grammatikovo see Sovyets’kyyIconium see KonyaIcosium see AlgiersIdaho City (village, Idaho, northwestern United

States) : originally Bannack CityIdaho Falls (city, Idaho, northwestern United

States) : to 1890 Eagle RockIdalion see 2DaliIdalium see 2DaliIdi Amin Dada, Lake see Edward, LakeIdria see IdriaIdrija (town, western Slovenia) : 1919–1947 Ital-

ian IdriaIeper see YpresIesolo (town, northern Italy) : to c.1930

CavazuccherinaIferten see YverdonIgabrum see CabraIglau see JihlavaIgló see Spi§ská Nová VesIgluligaarjuk see Chesterfield InletIguaçu see (1) Itaetê; (2) Laranjeiras do SulIguaratinga see São Francisco do Maran-

hãoIguatama (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Pôrto RealIgumen see Chyerven’Iguvium see Gubbiojhtiman see IkhtimanIJsselmeer (lake, northwestern Netherlands) :

formerly Zuider Zee; Roman Flevo LacusIkaahuk see Sachs HarbourIkaluktutiak see Cambridge BayIkhtiman (town, west central Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish jhtimanIkongo (town, southeastern Madagascar) : for-

merly French Fort-CarnotIkpiarjuk see Arctic BayIkramovo see JumaIlabaya see GuachallaIlava (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar-

ian Illava

Huntsville 86

Iùawa (town, northern Poland) : to 1945 GermanDeutsch-Eylau

Ilchester (village, southern England) : RomanLindinis

Ilebo (town, southwestern Democratic Repub-lic of the Congo) : to 1972 French Port-Franc-qui

Île de France see MauritiusIlek (village, southwestern Russia) : to 1914 Ilet-

sky GorodokIlerda see LéridaÎle Royale see Cape Breton IslandÎle St.-Jean see Prince Edward IslandIlet see KrasnogorskyIletsk see Sol’-IletskIletskaya Zashchita see Sol’-IletskIletsky Gorodok see IlekIlhabela (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Formosa; originally PortugueseVilla Bella

Ili see KapchagayIl’ich see AtakentIl’ichyovsk see ßärurIlici see ElcheIl’insky (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-

nese KushunnaiIlion (town, New York, northeastern United

States) : to 1852 Remington’s Corners; earlierMorgan’s Landing; originally German Flats

Ilion see 1TroyIlirska Bistrica (town, southwestern Slovenia) :

1941–1945 German Windisch-Feistritz;1919–1947 Italian Villa del Nevoso; to 1918 Ger-man Windisch-Feistritz (The town was part ofItaly over the period 1919 to 1947.)

Ilium see 1TroyIliysk see KapchagayIlkenau see OlkuszIlkley (town, northern England) : Roman Oli-

cana (The Roman name is popularly associatedwith the town but may in fact, and in a betterform Olenacum, have been that of the Romanfort at Elslack, some 12 miles to the west. Seealso Wharfe.)

Illava see IlavaIlliberis see ElneIlliers see Illiers-CombrayIlliers-Combray (town, north central France) :

to 1970 Illiers (The addition to the town’sname is the fictional name assigned to it by thewriter Marcel Proust, who although born else-where spent many of his childhood holidayshere. He may have based the name on thenearby village of Combres, although there is areal Combray in northwestern France.)

Illinoistown see East St. Louis

Illizi (town, eastern Algeria) : to c.1962 FrenchFort-de-Polignac

Illukst see Il¨ksteIlmenau see (1) Jordanów; (2) LimanowaIlston (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Llanill-

tud GwyrIl¨kste (town, southeastern Latvia) : to 1918

Russian IllukstIlulissat (town, western Greenland) : to 1985

Danish JakobshavnIlva see ElbaIman see DalnerechenskImbros see GökçeadaImbuial see Bocaiúva do Sulimeni (Russian, “named after”) : for names start-

ing thus, see the next word, as Kirova, imeniimeny (Ukrainian, “named after”) : for names

starting thus, see the next word, as Sverdlova,imeny

Imperatorskaya Gavan’ see Sovetskaya Gavan’Imperia (province, northwestern Italy) : to 1923

Porto Maurizio (The province is named for itscapital, the city of Imperia, formed in 1923from the union of Porto Maurizio with variousvillages.)

Imroz see GökçeadaIn see SmidovichInchcape Rock see Bell RockIndefatigable Island see Santa CruzIndia (republic, southern Asia) : [Hindi BhIrat]

(When India achieved independence in 1947 itwas thought that the new republic wouldadopt its native name, but Prime MinisterNehru demanded that his country retain itslong-familiar name.)

Indiana Colony see PasadenaIndian Bridge see 1BridgetownIndian Head see NashuaIndiaroba (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Espírito SantoIndigreat see PortlandIndonesia (republic, southeastern Asia) : alter-

nate East Indies; to 1949 Dutch East Indies(The alternate name is also more widely ap-plied to India, Indochina, and the MalayArchipelago, of which last Indonesia is thechief constituent part.)

Indrapura Peak see Kerinci, Mt.Indreville see Châteaurouxjnebahti see NávkatosIngá see AndiráIngichka (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerly

Russian Rudnik-IngichkaInian’s Ferry see New BrunswickInis see EnnisInis Córthaidh see Enniscorthy

87 Inis Córthaidh

Inis Díomáin see EnnistimonInkerman (town, southern Ukraine) : 1976–1991

Bilokam’yans’k (Russian Belokamensk) (Whenthe village of Inkerman was raised to town sta-tus in 1976 its name was retained for the rail-road station. The name went down in historyas the scene of the 1854 Crimean War battle inwhich the British and French gained victoryover the Russians.)

Inkermann see Oued RhiouInland Sea (southwestern Japan) : [Japanese

Seto-naikai]Inner Mongolia see MongoliaInnichen see San CandidoInnisfail (town, Queensland, northeastern Aus-

tralia) : to 1911 GeraldtonInniskilling see EnniskillenInnokent’yevskaya see 2LeninoInowrocùaw (city, north central Poland) : 1904–

1919, 1939–1945 German HohensalzaInsterburg see ChernyakhovskInsula see LilleInteramna Lirenas see Pignataro InteramnaInteramna Nahars see TerniInteramnium see TeramoInteramnium Flavium see PonferradaInukjuak (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :

formerly Port HarrisonInvercargill (city, southern New Zealand) : to

1857 Kelly’s PointInvermein see SconeInverness see CheboyganIoannina (city, northwestern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish YanyaIolcus see VolosIonio (village, southeastern Italy) : Roman Man-

duria (The Italian name is now primarily thatof the Ionian Sea.)

Ipatovo (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1930sVinodel’noyejpek see PeWIpiaú (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Portuguese

Rio NovoIpswich (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1634 AgawamIqaluit (town, Nunavut, northern Canada) : to

1987 Frobisher BayIráklion (city, northern Crete, Greece) : conven-

tional Heraklion; to 1912 Turkish Kandiye; Me-dieval Italian Candia; Roman Heracleum (Thecity is the capital of Crete.)

Iran (republic, southwestern Asia) : to 1935 Per-sia

Irapiranga see Itaporanga d’AjudaIrbitsky Zavod see KrasnogvardeyskyIreland (republic, western Europe) : 1937–1949

Irish Éire; 1922–1937 English Irish Free State;Roman Hibernia (The Roman name was forthe whole island of Ireland, which in 1920 wasdivided into northern and southern parts, asthe present Northern Ireland, part of the UK,and republic of Ireland. The Irish name stillhas some official use, as in postal addresses, al-though the Post Office prefers “Republic ofIreland” for this purpose.)

Irian Barat see PapuaIrian Jaya see PapuaIrian Jaya Barat see West PapuaIrish Free State see IrelandIriston (village, southwestern Russia) : to 1941

TulatovoIrmine see Teplohirs’kIrmino see Teplohirs’kIrminsky Rudnik see Teplohirs’kIrmins’kyy Rudnyk see Teplohirs’kIron Works Village see East HavenIruña see PamplonaIrvington (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1852 CamptownIs (town, west central Russia) : to 1933

Sverdlovsky PriiskIsaacson see NogalesIsady see SemibratovoIsayevo-Dedovo see 2Oktyabr’skoyeIsca see (1) Caerleon; (2) UskIsca Dumnoniorum see ExeterIsca Legionum see CaerleonIsca Silurum see CaerleonIschia (island, southern Italy) : Roman Aenaria;

ancient Greek PithecusaeIse (city, southeastern Japan) : to 1956 Uji-

yamadaIsernia (town, south central Italy) : Roman Ae-

serniaIsfahan see E•fahInIshanovo see PioneriSimangaliso Wetland Park (southeastern South

Africa) : to 2007 Greater St. Lucia WetlandPark (Many nature reserves in this part ofSouth Africa now have Zulu names. This one,a World Heritage Site of more than 1,000square miles, was renamed both to cast off itscolonial name and to avoid confusion with theCaribbean island of St. Lucia.)

Isiro (town, northeastern Democratic Republicof the Congo) : formerly Paulis

Isis see 1Thamesjskenderun (city, southern Turkey) : traditional

English Alexandretta; formerly English Skan-deroon (The city takes its name from thenearby Roman city of Alexandria ad Issum,founded by Alexander the Great, whose

Inis Díomáin 88

own name is preserved in that of Alexan-dria.)j£kodra see ShkodërIskra (village, south central Bulgaria) : to 1950

Popovo; to 1906 Turkish KaradzhilarIsla (Spanish, “island”) : for names starting thus,

see the next word, as Pinta, IslaIsla de la Juventud see Juventud, Isla de laIsla de León see 2San FernandoIsla de Pinos see Juventud, Isla de laIslamabad see AnantnagIslam-Terek see 3Kirovs’keÍsland see IcelandIsland Flats see KingsportIslas Malvinas see Falkland IslandsIsle Mascareigne see RéunionIsle of Lewis (Western Isles, northwestern Scot-

land) : Gaelic Eilean Leodhais (The nameLewis is also applied to the larger, northernpart of the island, as distinct from Harris, thesmaller, southern part, joined to it by an isth-mus at Tarbert.)

Isle of Pines see Juventud, Isla de laIsle of Thanet see Thanet, Isle ofIsle of Wight see Wight, Isle ofIsle of Youth see Juventud, Isla de lajslimie see SlivenIsmail see IzmayilIsmeli see 4Oktyabr’skoyeIsmoili Somoni, Peak (northeastern Tajikistan) :

1952–1998 Communism Peak; 1932–1952Stalin Peak; 1928–1932 Mt. Garmo

Isola Farnese (village, western Italy) : RomanVeii

Ispahan see E•fahInIsparta (city, western Turkey) : formerly

HamqdabadIsperikh (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1934

Turkish KemanlarIspica (town, southern Italy) : to 1935 Spac-

cafornoIspisar see GhafurovIsrael (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Hebrew

Yisra’el; Arabic IsrI’nl ] (The present republicadopted the ancient biblical name in 1948,when it was established in the former Britishmandate of Palestine. A possible new nameZion was considered at the time, as an alter-nate name for the biblical land.)

IsrI’nl see IsraelIssyk-Kul’ see BalykchyIstanbul (city, northwestern Turkey) : [Turkish

jstanbul ]; alternate English literary Stamboul;330–1930 Constantinople; to 330 ancientGreek Byzantium (The city was chosen byConstantine the Great as the capital of his

Byzantine Empire and retained his name for1600 years.)jstanbul see Istanbulj£tip see ¶tipIstra (town, western Russia) : to 1930 Voskresenskjstrumca see StrumicaIsurium Brigantum see AldboroughItabaiana (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948

TabaianaItabira (city, southeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948

Portuguese Presidente VargasItaetê (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 IguaçuItaguatins (town, north central Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Santo Antônio da CachoeiraItajahy do Sul see Rio do SulItalia see ItalyItalica see SantiponceItaly (republic, southern Europe) : [Italian Italia]Itamorotinga see Serra BrancaItapagé (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese São FranciscoItaparica see PetrolândiaItapecerica see Itapecerica da SerraItapecerica da Serra (city, southeastern Brazil) :

to 1944 ItapecericaItapetininga (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly

Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres de ItapetiningaItapira see UbaitabaItaporanga (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1939,

1944–1948 Portuguese MisericórdiaItaporanga see Itaporanga d’AjudaItaporanga d’Ajuda (town, northeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Irapiranga; to 1944 ItaporangaItapúa see EncarnaciónItatiaia (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1943 Por-

tuguese Campo BeloItatupã (town, northern Brazil) : to 1943 Por-

tuguese SacramentoItebej (village, northern Serbia) : to 1947 Srpski

ItebejIttoqqortoormiit (village, eastern Greenland) :

formerly Danish ScoresbysundItuberá (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese SantarémItumbiara (city, east central Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese Santa Rita do ParanaíbaIúna (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese Rio PardoIvanava (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Russian

Ivanovo); to 1945 Yanaw (Russian Yanov)IvanVice (town, southern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German EibenschitzIvangorod see DdblinIvangrad see BeraneIvanishchi (town, western Russia) : early 1920s–

1942 Ukrepleniye Kommunizma

89 Ivanishchi

Ivanivka (town, southern Ukraine) : (RussianIvanovka); 1858–1946 Yanivka (RussianYanovka); to 1858 Malobaranivka (RussianMalobaranovka)

Ivano-Frankivs’k (city, western Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Ivano-Frankovsk); 1945–1962 UkrainianStanislav; 1941–1945 German Stanislau; 1939–1941 Ukrainian Stanislav; 1919–1939 PolishStanisùawów; 1772–1919 German Stanislau;1662–1772 Polish Stanisùawów; to 1662Ukrainian Stanislaviv

Ivano-Frankove (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Ivano-Frankovo); to 1945 Yaniv (RussianYanov)

Ivano-Frankovo see Ivano-FrankoveIvano-Frankovsk see Ivano-Frankivs’kIvanopil’ (town, west central Ukraine) : (Russian

Ivanopol’ ); to 1946 Yanushpil’ (Russian Yanush-pol’ )

Ivanopol’ see Ivanopil’Ivanovka see IvanivkaIvanovo (city, western Russia) : 1871–1932

Ivanovo-Voznesensk (The former name arosewhen the original village of Ivanovo mergedwith neighboring Voznesenskaya.)

Ivanovo see IvanavaIvanovo-Voznesensk see IvanovoIvanovskoye see SmychkaIvanski (village, eastern Bulgaria) : 1878–1950

Zlokuchen; to 1878 Turkish KöprüköyIvanteyevka (city, western Russia) : 1928–1938

IvanteyevskyIvanteyevsky see IvanteyevkaIvashchenkovo see ChapayevskIvaylovgrad (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to

1934 Turkish OrtaköyIvory Coast (republic, western Africa) : alternate

French Côte d’Ivoire (The French namewas declared the official protocol name in1986.)

Ivoy see CarignanIvrea (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman Epore-

diaIxelles (town, central Belgium) : Flemish Elsene

(The town is now a suburb of Brussels.)Izhevsk (city, western Russia) : 1984–1987 Usti-

nov; to 1917 Izhevsky ZavodIzhevsky Zavod see IzhevskIzhma see SosnogorskIzluchistaya see 3ZhovtneveIzmail see IzmayilIzmayil (city, southwestern Ukraine) : (Russian

Izmail ); 1856–1878, 1919–1940 Romanian Is-mailjzmir (city, western Turkey) : ancient Greek and

biblical Smyrna

jzmit (city, northwestern Turkey) : ancient GreekNicomedia; earlier Astacusjznik (village, northwestern Turkey) : ancient

Greek Nicaea (The Greek name is best knownas that of a 13th-century empire and its capi-tal. The Christian creed known as the NiceneCreed is based on the results of the ecumenicalcouncil held in the town in A.D. 325. A secondcouncil was held in 767.)

Izobil’no-Tishchenskoye see Izobil’nyIzobil’noye see Izobil’nyIzobil’ny (city, southwestern Russia) : mid–

1930s–1965 Izobil’noye; to mid–1930s Izo-bil’no-Tishchenskoyejzvornik see ZvornikIzyaslavl’ see ZaslawyeJääski see LesogorskyJabal ash-Shaykh see Hermon, Mt.Jabalpur (city, central India) : formerly Jubbul-

poreJablonec nad Nisou (city, northern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Gablonzan der Neisse

Jablonka see JabùonkaJabùonka (town, southern Poland) : 1939–1945

Slovakian JablonkaJablonné v Podje§tfidí (town, central Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Deutsch-Gabel

Jablunkau see JablunkovJablunkov (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German JablunkauJaboatão see JapoatãJacarézinho see OurinhosJáchymov (town, northwestern Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1938–1945 German Sankt Joachim-sthal (The German name had the adjectivalform Joachimsthaler, the latter half of whichgave the English word dollar, from the coinsminted here.)

1Jackson (city, Michigan, north central UnitedStates) : to 1833 Jacksonopolis; originally Jack-sonburgh

2Jackson (city, Mississippi, southern UnitedStates) : to 1822 Le Fleur’s Bluff

3Jackson (city, Tennessee, east central UnitedStates) : to 1822 Alexandria

Jacksonburgh see 1JacksonJacksonopolis see 1Jackson1Jacksonville (city, Florida, southeastern United

States) : to 1822 Cowford2Jacksonville (city, North Carolina, eastern

United States) : to 1842 Onslow Courthouse;originally Wantland’s Ferry

Jacksonville see Old HickoryJacobshagen see Dobrzany

Ivanivka 90

Jacob’s Well see 1MarionJacuí see SobradinhoJadera see ZadarJadotville see LikasiJaén (city, southern Spain) : Roman AurinxJaffa (city, western Israel) : [Hebrew Yafo]; bibli-

cal Joppa (In 1950 the city was incorporatedinto Tel Aviv to become Tel Aviv-Yafo.)

Jägerndorf see KrnovJagniRtków (village, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German AgnetendorfJagodina (city, south central Serbia) : 1946–1992

SvetozarevoJaguari see JaguariúnaJaguariúna (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

JaguariJaguaruana (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese UniãoJakarta (city, southwestern Indonesia) : to 1949

Dutch BataviaJakobshavn see IlulissatJakobstad see PietarsaariJakobstadt see Y`kabpilsJamaica Square see South Floral ParkJames Island see 2San SalvadorJangy-Jol (village, western Kyrgyzstan) : to 1942

Chong-Ak-DzholJanichen see SvobodaJanjanbureh (town, central Gambia) : to 1995

GeorgetownJan Kempdorp (town, central South Africa) : to

1953 AndalusiaJanské Láznfi (village, northern Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1939–1945 German JohannisbadJapan (island state, western Pacific) : [Japanese

Nihon]Japoatã (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

JaboatãoJaraguá see Jaraguá do SulJaraguá do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944

JaraguáJarboesville see Lexington ParkJarocin (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German JarotschinJaromfi† (town, north central Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German JermerJaroslau see JarosùawJarosùaw (city, southeastern Poland) : 1772–1919,

1939–1944 German JaroslauJarotschin see JarocinJaryczów Nowy see Novyy YarychivJa§a TomiW (town, northeastern Serbia) : to 1918

Hungarian ModosJasieü (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German

GassenJasiûa see Yasinya

Jasùo (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945German Jessel

Jassy see Ia£iJastrow see JastrowieJastrowie (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German JastrowJastarnia (village, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,

1939–1945 German HeisternestJastrzdbie Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) :

to 1945 German Bad KönigsdorfJatobá see PetrolândiaJauer see JaworJaungulbene see GulbeneJaunjelgava (town, south central Latvia) : to 1918

German Friedrichstadt (The town, with namemeaning “New Jelgava,” lies 50 miles east ofJelgava.)

Jaunlatgale see PytalovoJavorina (village, northern Slovakia) : 1938–1939

Polish JaworzynaJawor (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German JauerJaworów see YavorivJaworzina ¡lRska (town, southwestern Poland) :

to 1945 German KönigszeltJaworzyna see JavorinaJaxartes see Syrdar’yaJaya, Mt. (eastern Indonesia) : formerly Mt.

Sukarno; earlier Mt. CarstenszJayapura (city, northeastern Indonesia) :

1963–1969 Sukarnapura; earlier Dutch Hollan-dia

Jayhun see Amu DaryaJddrzejów (town, south central Poland) : to 1915

Russian AndreyevJefferson see (1) Martins Ferry; (2) Watkins

GlenJehol see ChengdeJ`kabpils (town, south central Latvia) : (Russian

Yekabpils); to 1918 German JakobstadtJelenia Góra (city, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German HirschbergJelgava (city, central Latvia) : (Russian Yelgava);

1941–1944 German Mitau; to 1917 RussianMitava

Jelly’s Corner see 1ShelburneJengish Chokusu see Pobeda PeakJennersdorf (town, eastern Austria) : to 1918

Hungarian GyanafalvaJerez de Badajoz see Jerez de los CaballerosJerez de los Caballeros (town, western Spain) :

originally Jerez de BadajozJericho (town, eastern West Bank) : [Arabic

Arn∏I]; originally Tell es SultanJermer see Jaromfi†Jernigan see Orlando

91 Jernigan

Jersey (island, Channel Islands, southern UnitedKingdom) : Roman Caesarea (The Romanname has also been assigned to the muchsmaller island of Sark, north of Jersey.)

Jersey City (city, New Jersey, northeasternUnited States) : to 1820 Paulus Hook

Jersey Homesteads see 1RooseveltJerusalem (city, central Israel) : [Hebrew

Yerushalayim; Arabic Al Quds]; alternate bibli-cal Salem or Zion; ancient Greek and LatinHierosolyma ( Jerusalem was refounded in the2d century A.D. by the Roman emperorHadrian under the name Aelia Capitolina.See also Palestine.)

Jesenice (town, northwestern Slovenia) : to 1918,1941–1945 German Assling

Jeseník (town, northeastern Czech Republic) :formerly Frï valdov; to 1918, 1938–1945 Ger-man Freiwaldau

Jesenské (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918,1938–1945 Hungarian Feled

Jesi (town, east central Italy) : Roman AesisJessel see JasùoJesselton see Kota KinabaluJewie see VievisJeziorany (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German SeeburgJe∞ów (town, central Poland) : to 1945 German

GrunauJezupol see 1Zhovten’Jhelum (river, northern India/northeastern Paki-

stan) : ancient Greek HydaspesJi’an (city, southeastern China) : to 1914 LulingJiangning see NanjingJiVín (town, northern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German GitschinJihlava (city, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German IglauJilemnice (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German StarkenbachJílové (town, northern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German EulauJimbolia (town, western Romania) : to 1918

Hungarian Zsombolya; to 1867 German Hatz-feld

Jim Thorpe (town, Pennsylvania, northeasternUnited States) : to 1954 Mauch Chunk

Jimtown see MiamiJind†ichÀv Hradec (town, southern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German NeuhausJinmen see QuemoyJirkov (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German GörkauJoaçaba (city, southern Brazil) : 1939–1943 Cru-

zeiro; c.1928–1938 Cruzeiro do Sul; earlierLimeira

João de Almeida see ChibiaJoão Pessoa (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1930

Paraíba; 17th century Frederikstad; originallyFilipea de Nossa Senhora das Neves

João Pessoa see (1) Mimoso do Sul; (2) PôrtoJoaquín V. González (town, northwestern Ar-

gentina) : formerly Kilómetro 1082Jodoigne (town, east central Belgium) : Flemish

GeldenakenJohannes see SovetskyJohannisbad see Janské LáznfiJohannisburg see PiszJohnnycake see CatonsvilleJohnson City (town, Tennessee, eastern United

States) : 1859–1861 Haynesville; to 1859 John-son’s Depot

Johnson’s Depot see Johnson CityJohnstown (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to 1834 ConemaughJoigny (town, north central France) : Roman

JoviniacumJomboy (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : to 1977

KhoshdalaJoppa see JaffaJordan (kingdom, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic

Al Urdunn]; 1921–1949 TransjordanJordânia (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

PalestinaJordanów (town, southern Poland) : 1939–1945

German IlmenauJórvik see 1YorkJosé Batlle y Ordoñez (town, southeastern

Uruguay) : to 1907 Nico Pérez (The formername remains in use for the part of the townthat extends west into the department ofFlorida.)

José Bonifácio see ErechimJosé de Freitas (town, northeastern Brazil) : to

1939 LivramentoJosé Enrique Rodó (town, southwestern

Uruguay) : to 1924 Drable (The formername is still in use for the town’s railroad sta-tion.)

Josephinenhütte see Szklarska PordbaJoviniacum see JoignyJuan Lazaze (town, southwestern Uruguay) : to

1909 Sauce (The town’s port is still sometimesreferred to by the former name as Puerto Sauceor Puerto del Sauce.)

Juàzeiro see Juàzeiro do NorteJuàzeiro do Norte (city, northeastern Brazil) : to

1944 JuàzeiroJubayl (village, western Lebanon) : ancient

Greek Byblos; biblical Gebal (The historic cityexported papyrus to Egypt and its Greek nameactually gave this word, hence also English

Jersey 92

paper and, via Greek biblion, “book,” Bible andother biblio- words, as bibliography.)

Jubbulpore see JabalpurJucás (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese São MateusJudaea (historical region, southern Palestine) :

biblical Judah (The historical name, ofGraeco-Roman origin and alternately spelledJudea, is also biblical. In the 2d century A.D.the Roman emperor Hadrian expelled all Jewsfrom the province and renamed it SyriaPalaestina. See Palestine.)

Judah see JudaeaJudea see JudaeaJuiz de Fora (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly

ParaibunaJulia Joza see TarifaJuliana Top see Mandala, Mt.Julianehåb see QaqortoqJulian Way see ViaJulia Traducta see TarifaJuliobona see LillebonneJuliomagus see AngersJuma (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : 1930s Ikra-

movoJundiaí (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly Vila

Formosa de Nossa Senhora do Destêrro de Jun-diaí

Jungbunzlau see Mladá BoleslavJungwoschitz see Mladá Vo±iceJuqueri see MairiporãJuripiranga (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese SerrinhaJurupa see RiversideJustinianopolis see (1) Kir£ehir; (2) SousseJustinopolis see KoperJutland (peninsula, continental Denmark/north-

ern Germany) : [Danish Jylland; German Jüt-land ] (The name is usually applied only tocontinental Denmark, although the territoryactually extends south to the Eider River,which separates Schleswig from Holstein innorthern Germany.)

Jütland see JutlandJuvavum see SalzburgJuventino Rosas (town, central Mexico) : to

1938 Santa Cruz de GaleanaJuventud, Isla de la (island, western Cuba) : to

1978 Isla de Pinos (The island is also known bythe corresponding English former and presentnames Isle of Pines and Isle of Youth.)

Ju±ni Brod see BrodJylland see JutlandK2 (mountain, northeastern Pakistan) : alternate

English Mt. Godwin Austen; locally DapsangKaaden see Kadaû

Kaapstad see Cape TownKabalega Falls (northwestern Uganda) : to 1972

Murchison FallsKabanbay (village, eastern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian AndreyevkaKaban’ye see Krasnorichens’keKabwe (city, central Zambia) : to 1965 Broken

HillKaVanik (town, southern Kosovo) : to 1913

Turkish OrhanieKadamshay see 1FrunzeKadaû (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German KaadenKadqköy (town, northwestern Turkey) : ancient

Greek ChalcedonKadqköy see DikaiaKadiyevka see StakhanovKadiyivka see StakhanovKadnitsy see Leninskaya SlobodaKadoma (town, central Zimbabwe) : to 1980

GatoomaKad≠koy see DikaiaKaffa see FeodosiyaKafiristan see NuristanKaga Bandoro (town, central Central African

Republic) : formerly French Fort-CrampelKagan see KogonKaganovich see (1) Novokashirsk; (2) Polis’ke;

(3) Sokuluk; (4) TovarkovskyKaganovichabad see KolkhozobodKaganovichi Pervyye see Polis’keKagera (region, northwestern Tanzania) : for-

merly Ziwa Magharibi; formerly alternate WestLake

Kagul see CahulKahlberg see Krynica MorskaKaiba-to see MoneronKainda see KayyngdyKaiser Wilhelm Canal see Kiel CanalKai§iadorys (town, south central Lithuania) :

(Russian Kayshyadoris); to 1918 RussianKoshedary

Kaiyuan (city, southern China) : to 1931 Ami-chow

Käkisalmi see PriozyorskKakumabetsu see ShelekhovoKalaallit Nunaat see GreenlandKalabak see RadomirKalachevsky Rudnik see Lenina, imenyKalachevs’kyy Rudnyk see Lenina, imenyKalamazoo (city, Michigan, north central

United States) : to 1836 BronsonKalata see KirovgradKalatinsky Zavod see KirovgradKalay-Lyabiob see TojikobodKalay-Mirzabay see Kalininobod

93 Kalay-Mirzabay

Kalay-Valmar see RushonKale i-Sultane see ÇanakkaleKalemie (city, eastern Democratic Republic of

the Congo) : 1915–1966 French AlbertvilleKalevala (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1963

Finnish Uhtua (Russian Ukhta)Kalgan see ZhangjiakouKalinin (village, southwestern Tajikistan) : for-

merly Russian VoroshilovabadKalinin see (1) Boldumsaz; (2) Tver’Kalininabad see KalininobodKalinindorf see Kalinins’keKaliningrad (city, western Russia) : to 1946 Ger-

man KönigsbergKaliningrad see KorolyovKalinino (village, western Russia) : to 1939

NorusovoKalinino see TashirKalininobod (village, southwestern Tajikistan) :

(Russian Kalininabad); to c.1935 Kalay-Mirz-abay

Kalininsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1962Balanda

Kalininsk see (1) Cupcina; (2) Kalinins’kKalinins’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Kalininsk); to c.1935 BayrakKalininskaya (village, southwestern Russia) : to

c.1960 PopovichskayaKalinins’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian

Kalininskoye); 1927–1944 Kalinindorf; to 1927Velyka Seydemynukha (Russian Bol’shaya Seyde-menukha)

Kalininskoye see Kalinins’keKalininsky see KorolyovKalinovka (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945

German Aulenbach; to 1938 German Aulo-wönen

Kalisch see KaliszKalisz (city, west central Poland) : 1793–1807,

1940–1945 German KalischKalisz Pomorski (town, northwestern Poland) :

to 1945 German KalliesKalkandelen see TetovoKalkfontein-Sud see KarasburgKallies see Kalisz PomorskiKallithea (town, east central Greece) : to 1913

Turkish Erikdere (Kallithea is now a suburb ofAthens.)

Kalmytsky Bazar see PrivolzhskyKaloyanovo (village, west central Bulgaria) : to

1934 SeldzhikovoKaluzhskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German GrünheideKama (town, western Russia) : to 1966 ButyshKamarlu see ArtashatKamenets see Kamyanets

Kamenets-Podol’sky see (1) Kam’yanets-Podil’s’kyy; (2) 2Khmel’nyts’kyy

Kamenice nad Lipou (town, southern CzechRepublic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Kam-nitz an der Linde

Kamenickï ¶enov (town, northern Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Stein-schönau

Kamenitsa see VelingradKamenka see (1) Frunzens’kyy; (2) Kam’yankaKamenka-Bugskaya see Kam’yanka-Buz’kaKamenka-Dneprovskaya see Kam’yanka-

Dniprovs’kaKamenka-na-Dnepre see Kam’yanka-

Dniprovs’kaKamenka-Shevchenkovskaya see Kam’yankaKamen’-Kashirsky see Kamin’-Kashyrs’kyyKamenka-Strumilovskaya see Kam’yanka-

Buz’kaKamennogorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to

1948 Finnish AntreaKamenno-Millerovo see 1Kam’yaneKamennoye see 1,2Kam’yaneKamenny Khutor see 2Kam’yaneKamensk see Kamensk-Ural’skyKamenskaya see Kamensk-ShakhtinskyKamenskoye (village, northeastern Russia) : for-

merly Ust’-PenzhinoKamenskoye see Dniprodzerzhyns’kKamensk-Shakhtinsky (town, southwestern

Russia) : to 1927 KamenskayaKamensk-Ural’sky (town, west central Russia) :

1935–1940 Kamensk; to 1935 KamenskyKamensky (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1941

Grimm (The town’s earlier German name isdue to its location in the former Volga GermanAutonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.)

Kamensky see Kamensk-Ural’skyKamenz see Kamieniec ZRbkowickiKamieniec Litewski see KamyanetsKamieniec ZRbkowicki (town, southwestern

Poland) : to 1945 German KamenzKamieü Koszyrski see Kamin’-Kashyrs’kyyKamienna Góra (town, southwestern Poland) :

to 1945 German LandeshutKamieü Pomorski (town, northwestern Poland)

: to 1945 German Cammin-in-PommernKamin’-Kashyrs’kyy (town, northwestern

Ukraine) : (Russian Kamen’-Kashirsky);1919–1939 Polish Kamieü Koszyrski

Kaminsky (town, western Russia) : to 1947Gor’ky-Pavlovy

Kamionka Strumiùowa see Kam’yanka-Buz’kaKami-shikuka see LeonidovoKamnik (town, northern Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1944 German Stein

Kalay-Valmar 94

Kamnitz an der Linde see Kamenice nadLipou

Kamo see GavarrKampuchea see CambodiaKamskoye Ust’ye (town, western Russia) : to

c.1928 Bogorodsk1Kam’yane (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Kamennoye); formerly Kam’yanno-Millerove(Russian Kamenno-Millerovo)

2Kamy’ane (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Kamennoye); 1945–1957 Kam’yanyy Khutir(Russian Kamenny Khutor); to 1945 Yant-sivs’kyy Kar’yer (Russian Yantsovsky Kar’yer)

Kamyanets (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Rus-sian Kamenets); 1919–1939 Polish KamieniecLitewski

Kam’yanets-Podil’s’kyy (city, southwesternUkraine) : (Russian Kamenets-Podol’sky)

Kam’yanets-Podil’s’kyy see 2Khmel’nyts’kyyKam’yanka (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian

Kamenka); 1930–1944 Kam’yanka-Shevchen-kivs’ka (Russian Kamenka-Shevchenkovskaya)

Kam’yanka see Frunzens’kyyKam’yanka-Buz’ka (town, western Ukraine) :

(Russian Kamenka-Bugskaya); to 1939 PolishKamionka Strumiùowa (Russian Kamenka-Stru-milovskaya)

Kam’yanka-Dniprovs’ka (town, southeasternUkraine) : (Russian Kamenka-Dneprovskaya);formerly Kam’yanka-na-Dnipri (Russian Ka-menka-na-Dnepre); to 1920 Mala Znam’yanka(Russian Malaya Znamenka)

Kam’yanka-na-Dnipri see Kam’yanka-Dniprovs’ka

Kam’yanka-Shevchenkivs’ka see Kam’yankaKam’yanno-Millerove see 1Kam’yaneKamyans’ke see Dniprodzerzhyns’kKam’yanyy Khutir see 2Kam’yaneKananga (city, south central Democratic Repub-

lic of the Congo) : to 1972 LuluabourgKanash (city, western Russia) : to 1920 ShikhranyKandahar (city, south central Afghanistan) :

Roman Alexandria Arachosiorum (The city wasfounded by Alexander the Great, whose nameis preserved in that of Alexandria.)

Kandiye see IráklionKandyagash (town, west central Kazakhstan) :

formerly Russian Oktyabr’skKangding (city, central China) : to 1913 TatsienluKangikajik see Brewster, CapeKangiqcliniq see Rankin InletKangiqsualujjuaq (village, Quebec, eastern

Canada) : formerly Port-Nouveau-QuébecKangiqsujuaq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada)

: formerly WakehamKangiqtugaapik see Clyde River

Kangirsuk (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :formerly Payne

KaNgwane see SwazilandKanji±a (village, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941–

1944 Hungarian MagyarkanizsaKanpur (city, northern India) : English tradi-

tional CawnporeKansas see 1Kansas City1Kansas City (city, Missouri, central United

States) : 1853–1889 City of Kansas; 1839–1853Town of Kansas; 1850–1853 Kansas; to 1850Westport Landing (The added words distin-guished the city from the territory, now state,of Kansas.)

2Kansas City (city, Kansas, central United States): to 1886 Wyandotte (The present city wasformed by the amalgamation of eight towns,the earliest of which was Wyandotte.)

Kanth see KRty WrocùawskieKanukov see PrivolzhskyKaolinovo (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to

1950 Bozhidar; earlier Shumnu BokhchalarKapchagay (town, southeastern Kazakhstan) :

c.1969–c.1971 Ili; to c.1969 IliyskKapellen (town, northern Belgium) : French

Capellen-lez-Anvers (The French suffix, mean-ing “near Antwerp,” distinguishes the townfrom Kapelle-op-den-Bos.)

Kapelle-op-den-Bos (town, central Belgium) :French Capelle-au-Bois

Kap Farvel see Farewell, CapeKapila see HaridwarKapitan Andreevo (village, southeastern Bul-

garia) : to 1934 Turkish VirantekeKaplice (town, southern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German KaplitzKaplitz see KapliceKapsukas see MarijampolcKapuskasing (town, Ontario, southern Canada)

: to 1917 MacPhersonKaraa∑aç see 1LevskiKarabagish see XonobodKarabalyk (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian KomsomoletsKarabunar see SredetsKarachayevsk (town, southwestern Russia) :

1944–1957 Klukhori; to 1944 Mikoyan-ShakharKara-Darya see PayshanbaKaradzhilar see IskraKaraferya see VéroiaKarafuto see SakhalinKarakalli see ÖzalpKarakhasan see 1AleksandrovoKaraklis see VanadzorKarakol (city, eastern Kyrgyzstan) : 1889–1921,

1939–1991 Russian Przheval’sk

95 Karakol

Karakubbud see 1Komsomol’s’keKarakubstroy see 1Komsomol’s’keKaramendy (village, northern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian DokuchayevkaKaránsebes see Caransebe£Karansky Kamenny Kar’yer see MyrneKarans’kyy Kam’yanyy Kar’yer see MyrneKarasburg (town, southern Namibia) : to 1939

Kalkfontein-SudKarasubazar see Bilohirs’kKaratova see KratovoKaraul (village, eastern Kazakhstan) : formerly

AbayKaraulkeldy see BayganinKarayazy see GardabaniKardam (village, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1913–

1940 Romanian ArmanKardeljevo see PloVeKarditsa (town, central Greece) : ancient Greek

AcraephniumKaren see KayinKarenni see KayahKarfreit see KobaridKargalinskoye (village, northwestern Kazakh-

stan) : formerly ZhilyankaKargowa (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man UnruhstadtKarhumäki see Medvezh’yegorskKarkeln see MysovkaKarkonosze see RiesengebirgeKarla Libknekhta, imeni (town, western Rus-

sia) : to 1930 Pensky Sakharny ZavodKarla Libknekhta, imeni see (1) Pokrovs’ke;

(2) Shyrokolanivka; (3) SoledarKarla Libknekhta, imeny see (1) Pokrovs’ke;

(2) ShyrokolanivkaKarla Marksa, imeni see Karlo-MarksoveKarla Marksa, imeny see Karlo-MarksoveKarlburg see RusovceKarl-Marx-Stadt see ChemnitzKarlobag (village, western Croatia) : to 1918 Ital-

ian CarlopagoKarlo-Libknekhtivs’k see SoledarKarlo-Libknekhtovsk see SoledarKarlo-Marksove (town, eastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Karlo-Marksovo); 1924–1965 imenyKarla Marksa (Russian imeni Karla Marksa);to 1924 Sofiyivs’kyy Rudnyk (Russian SofiyevskyRudnik); originally Sofiyivka (Russian Sofi-yevka)

Karlo-Marksovo see Karlo-MarksoveKarlovac (city, central Croatia) : to 1867 German

KarlstadtKarlovac see Banatski KarlovacKarlovo (town, central Bulgaria) : 1953–1962

Levskigrad

Karlovy Vary (city, northwestern Czech Repub-lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Karlsbad

Karlowitz see Sremski KarlovciKarlsbad see Karlovy VaryKarlsburg see Alba IuliaKarlstad (city, south central Sweden) : to 1584

TingvallaKarlstadt see KarlovacKarlstein see Karl§tejnKarl§tejn (village, west central Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German KarlsteinKarnataka (state, southwestern India) : to 1973

MysoreKarnobat (town, eastern Bulgaria) : 1953–1962

PolyanovgradKärnten see CarinthiaKarpacz (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German KrummhübelKarpathos (island, southeastern Greece) : 1306–

1540, 1912–1947 Italian ScarpantoKarpilovka see AktsyabrskiKarpinsk (town, western Russia) : c.1935–1941

Ugol’ny; originally BogoslovskKarpuzlu (village, western Turkey) : ancient

Greek AlindaKIrsava (town, eastern Latvia) : to 1917 Russian

KorsovkaKarthaus see KartuzyKartonnaya Fabrika see M.I. Kalinina, imeniKartsa see 1Oktyabr’skoyeKartuzy (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German KarthausKarviná (city, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939–

1945 German Karwin; 1918–1919, 1938–1939Polish Karwina; to 1918 German Karwin

Karwin see KarvináKarwina see KarvináKaryagino see FüzuliKasanga (town, southwestern Tanzania) : for-

merly German BismarckburgKaschau see Ko§iceKasevo see NeftekamskKashgar see KashKashi (city, western China) : conventional En-

glish KashgarKashirinskoye see 2Oktyabr’skoyeKashiwabara see Severo-Kuril’skKashkatau (town, southwestern Russia) :

1944–1990 SovetskoyeKashlaköy see ZimnitsaKäsmark see Ke±marokKa§perské Hory (town, southwestern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Berg-reichenstein

Kaspiysk (town, southwestern Russia) : 1936–1947 Dvigatel’stroy

Karakubbud 96

Kaspiysky see Lagan’Kassa see Ko§iceKasserine see Al-Qa•raynKastav (village, western Croatia) : 1920–1944

Italian CastuaKasteelbrakel see Braine-le-ChâteauKastellorizon (island, southeastern Greece) : al-

ternate Turkish Megisti; 1932–1947 ItalianCastelrosso (The island is claimed by Turkeyand its Turkish name is primary on manymaps.)

Katanga (province, southeastern Democratic Re-public of the Congo) : 1972–1997 Shaba;1947–1972 Katanga; 1935–1947 French Élisa-bethville; to 1935 Katanga (In 1960 Katangaproclaimed itself a republic in the formerCongo but its secession was ended in 1963.)

Kataoka see BoykovoKaterynoslav see Dnipropetrovs’kKatharinenstadt see MarksKato Achaia (town, western Greece) : ancient

Greek DymeKatoomba (town, New South Wales, southeast-

ern Australia) : originally The CrushersKatowice (city, southern Poland) : 1953–1958

Stalinogród; to 1921, 1939–1945 German Katto-witz

Katscher see KietrzKattowitz see KatowiceKatyk see Shakhtars’kKatyshka see GolyshmanovoKRty Wrocùawskie (town, southwestern Poland)

: to 1945 German KanthKaufman Peak see Lenin PeakKaukehmen see YasnoyeKaunas (city, central Lithuania) : 1795–1918

Russian Kovno (The Russian name is associ-ated with the 1915 siege by German troopswhich ended in the capture of the town.)

Kaunchi see YangiyulKaupangr see TrondheimKavadar see KavadarciKavadarci (village, north central Macedonia) :

1913–1941 Serbian KavadarKavaklq see TopolovgradKavaklii see TopolovgradKavala see KavállaKaválla (city, northeastern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish KavalaKavkaz see CaucasusKawakami see SinegorskKaya (state, eastern Myanmar) : to 1952 KarenniKaydanovo see DyarzhynskKayin (state, eastern Myanmar) : formerly KarenKaylar see PtolemaïsKayseri (city, central Turkey) : Roman Caesarea

Cappadociae; alternate Roman Caesarea Ma-zaca; ancient Greek Eusebeia

Kayshyadoris see Kai§iadorysKayyngdy (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) :

(Russian Kainda); c.1945–1957 Russian Molo-tovsk

Kazakhstan see AksayKazan see KotelKazgorodok see KorgalzhynKazi-Magomed see QazimImmIdKazincbarcika (city, northeastern Hungary) : to

1948 SajókazincKazinka (village, western Russia) : formerly No-

vaya Zhizn’Kazygurt (village, southern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian LeninskoyeKechries (village, southeastern Greece) : biblical

Cenchrea; ancient Greek Cenchreae (Paul sailedfrom this eastern port of 1Corinth on his sec-ond missionary journey.)

Kcdainiai (town, central Lithuania) : to 1918Russian Keydany

Kddzierzyn see Kddzierzyn-KoØleKddzierzyn-KoØle (town, southern Poland) : to

1945 German Heydebreck; to 1934 KddzierzynKeeler’s Mills see NorwoodKeeling Islands see Cocos IslandsKeflavík Field (airfield, southwestern Iceland) :

to 1946 Meeks Field (The present internationalairport evolved from the U.S. Army air basebuilt here in World War II.)

Keg Grove see BloomingtonKegulta see SadovoyeKékâ see Modrï KameûKellogg (town, Idaho, northwestern United

States) : to 1894 MiloKellomäki see KomarovoKells (town, northeastern Ireland) : Irish

Ceanannus Mór (The English name predomi-nates thanks to the Irish national treasureknown as the Book of Kells, an illuminatedgospel book originally in the monastery herebut now in the library of Trinity College,Dublin.)

Kelly’s Point see InvercargillKel’tsy see KielceKelvedon (village, southeastern England) :

Roman CanoniumKemanlar see IsperikhKemer (village, northwestern Turkey) : Roman

Parium; ancient Greek ParionKemerovo (city, southern Russia) : to 1932

ShcheglovskKemin (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) : formerly

Russian BystrovkaKempen see Kdpno

97 Kempen

Kempenland (region, northern Belgium) :French Campine

Kemper see QuimperKempten (city, southern Germany) : Roman

CambodunumKenduskeag Plantation see 2BangorKenitra (city, northwestern Morocco) : 1932–

1958 French Port-LyauteyKenmare (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish

NeidínKennebunkport (town, Maine, northeastern

United States) : 1717–1821 Arundel (Local au-thor Kenneth Roberts used the town’s formername as the title and setting of his 1930 novelabout Maine, the first of a series.)

Kennedy, Cape see Canaveral, CapeKenora (town, Ontario, southern Canada) : to

1905 Rat Portage (The last two letters of thetown’s present name preserve the first two ofits earlier name.)

Kenosha (city, Wisconsin, north central UnitedStates) : to 1850 Southport; originally PikeCreek

Kensington (village, Prince Edward Island, east-ern Canada) : to early 1870s Barretts Cross

Kensington see 1Berlin1Kent (county, southeastern England) : Roman

Cantium (The Roman name applied to thepeninsula here, between the Thames estuaryand the Strait of Dover.)

2Kent (city, Ohio, north central United States) :to 1867 Franklin Mills; originally Riedsburg

Kentville (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) :to 1826 Horton Corner

Kenya (republic, eastern Africa) : to 1920 BritishEast Africa

Kdpno (town, southwestern Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Kempen

Kerbi see Poliny Osipenko, imeniKerch (city, southern Ukraine) : ancient Greek

Panticapaeum (The Kerch Strait, connectingthe Sea of Azov with the Black Sea, was knownto the Romans as the Bosporus Cimmerius, asdistinct from the Bosporus Thracius, connect-ing the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara.The name Bosporus alone usually refers to thelatter.)

Kerensk see VadinskKerinci, Mt. (western Indonesia) : to 1963 In-

drapura PeakKerki see AtamyratKérkira see CorfuKermanshah (city, western Iran) : formerly (and

now also alternate) BakhtaranKermine see NavoiyKernev-veur see Cornouaille

Kernow see 1Cornwall1Kerry (county, southwestern Ireland) : Irish

Ciarraí2Kerry (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh

Llanfihangel-yng-NgheriKe£an (town, northwestern Turkey) : 1920–1922

modern Greek KesaniKesani see Ke£anKeshishkend see YeghegnadzorKesmárk see Ke±marokKessaria see CaesareaKetchenery (town, southwestern Russia) : for-

merly SovetskoyeKdtrzyn (city, northern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man RastenburgKettering (city, Ohio, north central United

States) : to 1952 Van BurenKettle Creek Village see St. ThomasKdty (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-

man LiebenwerdeKewanee (town, Illinois, north central United

States) : originally BerriamKexholm see PriozyorskKeydany see KcdainiaiKe±marok (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Kesmárk; to 1867 German KäsmarkKhabnoye see Polis’keKhadki see AurangabadKhadzhi-Dimitrovo (town, northern Bulgaria) :

formerly SaryarKhadzhi-Eles see P≠rvomayKhainboaz see Republic PassKhairepolis see HayraboluKhakassk see AbakanKhakkulabad see 2NarynKhakurate see TakhtamukayKhalkís (city, central Greece) : to 1830 Turkish

EgribosKhal’mer-Sede see TazovskyKhalturin see OrlovKhamza see HamzaKhamzoren see BezmerKhamzy Khakimzade, imeni see HamzaKhanabad see XonobodKhanbalik see BeijingKhankendy see XankändiKhanty-Mansiysk (city, central Russia) : to 1940

Ostyako-Vogul’sk (Both names are ethnic inorigin, from the Khanty, formerly the Ostyak,and the Mansi, formerly the Vogul.)

Kharagauli (town, west central Georgia) : 1949–1991 Russian Ordzhonikidze

Kharino see BeregovoyKharkiv (city, northeastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Khar’kov); to 1918 Russian Khar’kovKhar’kov see Kharkiv

Kempenland 98

Kharmanli (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878Turkish Harmanli

Khaskovo (city, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878Turkish Hasköy

Khatsapetivka see Vuhlehirs’kKhatsapetovka see Vuhlehirs’kKhavast see XovosKhebda (village, southwestern Russia) : formerly

SovetskoyeKheimarra see HimarëKhem-Beldyr see KyzylKhemis el Khechna (town, northern Algeria) :

to c.1962 French FondoukKhemis Miliana (town, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French AffrevilleKherson (city, southern Ukraine) : ancient Greek

Chersonesus (The Greek name, which gave themodern one, properly applied to the Crimea,in which the city is located.)

Khibinogorsk see 1KirovskKhíos (town, eastern Greece) : to 1812 Turkish

Sakqz (The town lies on the island of the samename.)

Khlebarovo see Tsar KaloyanKhlynov see VyatkaKhmel’nitsky see 1,2Khmel’nyts’kyy1Khmel’nyts’kyy (city, west central Ukraine) :

(Russian Khmel’nitsky); to 1954 Proskuriv (Pol-ish Proskurów, Russian Proskurov); to 1780Ploskyriv (Polish Ploskirów; Russian Ploskirov)

2Khmel’nyts’kyy (administrative region, westernUkraine) : (Russian Khmel’nitsky); to 1954Kam’yanets-Podil’s’kyy (Russian Kamenets-Podol’sky)

Khmer Republic see CambodiaKhobda (village, northwestern Kazakhstan) :

formerly Russian NovoalekseyevkaKhodzhaakhrar see UlugbekKhodzhaarif see ShofirkonKhodzhent see KhujandKholm see CheùmKholmsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese MaokaKhoni (town, western Georgia) : 1936–1991 Tsu-

lukidzeKhorixas (town, northwestern Namibia) : to

1974 WelwitschiaKhorramshahr (city, southwestern Iran) : to

1924 MohammerahKhortitsa see Verkhnya KhortytsyaKhortytsya see Verkhnya KhortytsyaKhoshdala see JomboyKhovrino see Krasnooktyabr’skyKhrapunovo see Vorovskogo, imeniKhrisoupolis (town, northeastern Greece) : to

1912 Turkish Sarq£aban

Khrushchov see Svitlovods’kKhrushchyov see Svitlovods’kKhujand (city, northwestern Tajikistan) : (Rus-

sian Khodzhent); 1936–1991 Leninobod (Rus-sian Leninabad); to 1936 Russian Khodzhent;ancient Greek Cyropolis

Khust (town, western Ukraine) : 1939–1945Hungarian Huszt; 1919–1945 Czech Chust; to1918 Hungarian Huszt

Khutir-Mykhaylivs’kyy see 1DruzhbaKhutor-Mikhaylovsky see 1DruzhbaKhuzestan (region, southwestern Iran) : formerly

Arabestan; ancient Greek Susiana (The nameArabestan remains current in Arab countries.)

Kianly see TartaKibbutz Mahar see GevaramKibris see CyprusKidwelly (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Cyd-

weliKiel Canal (north central Germany) : alternate

German Nord-Ostsee Kanal; formerly KaiserWilhelm Canal

Kielce (city, southeastern Poland) : to 1915 Rus-sian Kel’tsy

Kietrz (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-man Katscher

Kiev (city, north central Ukraine) : [UkrainianKyiv]; (Russian Kiyev) to 1918 Russian Kiyev

Kikinda (city, northern Serbia) : to c.1947 VelikaKikinda; to 1918 Hungarian Nagykikinda

Kikládhes see CycladesKikvidze (town, western Russia) : to 1936 Preo-

brazhenskayaKilbourn see Wisconsin DellsKildare (town, east central Ireland) : Irish Cill

DaraKilgetty (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

CilgetiKiliya (town, southwestern Ukraine) : 1919–

1940 Romanian Chilia-NouQ (Kilya is on theriver of the same name, here forming the bor-der with Romania. The Romanian namemeans “new Kiliya,” as against Chilia-Veche,“old Kilya,” on the Romanian side of theriver.)

Kilkee (town, western Ireland) : Irish Cill ChaoiKilkeel (town, southeastern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Cill ChaoilKilkenny (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish

Cill ChainnighKilkis (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish Kükü£

Killaloe (town, western Ireland) : Irish CillDalua

Killarney (town, southwestern Ireland) : IrishCill Airne

99 Killarney

Killiniq (village, Quebec, northeastern Canada): formerly Port Burwell

Killybegs (town, northwestern Ireland) : IrishNa Cealla Beaga

Kilmallock (town, southwestern Ireland) : IrishCill Mocheallóg

Kilómetro 924 see Angaco NorteKilómetro 1082 see Joaquín V. GonzálezKilómetro 1172 see Campo QuijanoKilrush (town, western Ireland) : Irish Cill RoisKim (town, northern Tajikistan) : to 1929 Rus-

sian Santo (The oil-producing town’s formername represents a Russian acronym meaning“Central Asian Oil Trading Organization.”)

Kimberley (town, British Columbia, southwest-ern Canada) : to 1896 Mark Creek Crossing

Kimch’aek (city, eastern North Korea) : to 1952Song jin

Kimmirut see Lake HarbourKimovsk (city, western Russia) : to 1948 Mikhay-

lovkaKimpolung see CîmpulungKincardine (town, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1858 PenetangoreKincraig see NaracoorteKing Country (region, northwestern New

Zealand) : Maori Rohe PotaeKingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes see

YugoslaviaKing George V National Park see Taman Ne-

gara National ParkKingisepp (city, western Russia) : to 1922 Yam-

burgKingisepp see KuressaareKingnait see Cape DorsetKingsboro see GloversvilleKings Canyon National Park (California, west-

ern United States) : to 1940 General Grant Na-tional Park

King’s County see OffalyKing’s Ferry see QueensferryKing’s Lynn (town, eastern England) : to 1537

(and current local) Lynn; formerly Lynn RegisKing’s Mill Station see KingsportKingsport (city, Tennessee, east central United

States) : formerly King’s Port; earlier King’s MillStation; originally Island Flats (Other names to1774 were Boat Yard and Christiansville.)

King’s Port see Kingsport1Kingston (city, New York, northeastern United

States) : 1661–1669 Wiltwyck; to 1661 Esopus2Kingston (village, Rhode Island, northeastern

United States) : to 1885 Little RestKingston see (1) Kinston; (2) West LafayetteKingston upon Hull see 1HullKingstown see Dún Laoghaire

Kingsville see Thetford MinesKingwilliamstown see BallydesmondKinsale (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Cionn

tSáileKinshasa (city, western Democratic Republic of

the Congo) : to 1966 French LéopoldvilleKinston (city, North Carolina, eastern United

States) : to 1784 KingstonKintore (village, northeastern Scotland) : Roman

Devona (The Roman name, especially in theform Devana, has also been applied to the cityof Aberdeen, 12 miles to the southeast. Thename is properly that of the Don River, onwhich both Kintore and Aberdeen stand.)

Királyhelmec see Král’ovskï ChlmecKirawsk (town, east central Belarus) : (Russian

Kirovsk); to c.1940 StaritsyKqrcalq see K≠rdzhaliKirchdrauf see Spi§ské PodhradieKirchholm see SalaspilsKirda see GulbahorKirghizia see KyrgyzstanKirgiz-Kulak see ChirchiqKiriath-Arba see HebronKiribati (island republic, southwestern Pacific) :

to 1979 Gilbert Islands (The republic takes itsname from the islands now in its western partbut formerly in the British Gilbert and ElliceIslands colony. The latter islands subsequentlybecame the republic of Tuvalu.)

Kirillovka see 2ShevchenkoveKirillovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese UryuKiritimati (island, eastern Kiribati) : formerly

Christmas Island (Kiritimati represents a localpronunciation of the original English name.)

Kirkby Thore (village, northwestern England) :Roman Bravoniacum

Kqrk-Kilise see KqrklareliKqrklareli (city, northwestern Turkey) : formerly

Kqrk-Kilise; 1920–1922 modern Greek SarantaEkkl`siai; 1912–1913 Bulgarian Lozengrad

Kirksville (town, Missouri, central UnitedStates) : originally Hopkinsville

Kirmasti see Mustafakemalpa£aKirov (city, western Russia) : to 1936 PesochnyaKirov see VyatkaKirova, imeni see (1) Bankä; (2) Beshariq;

(3) Kirove; (4) 2Kirovs’kKirova, imeny see (1) Kirove; (2) 2Kirovs’kKirovabad see (1) Gäncä; (2) PanjKirovakan see VanadzorKirove (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Kirovo); 1938–1965 imeny Kirova (Russianimeni Kirova); to 1938 Syevernyy Rudnyk (Rus-sian Severny Rudnik)

Killiniq 100

Kirove see KirovohradKirovgrad (city, western Russia) : 1928–1935

Kalata; to 1928 Kalatinsky ZavodKirovo (village, west central Russia) : to 1939

VoskresenskoyeKirovo see (1) Beshariq; (2) Kirove;(3) Kiro-

vohradKirovograd see KirovohradKirovohrad (city, south central Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Kirovograd); 1934–1939 Kirove (RussianKirovo); 1924–1934 Zinov’yevs’k (RussianZinov’yevsk); to 1924 Yelyzavethrad (RussianYelizavetgrad)

1Kirovsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1934Khibinogorsk

2Kirovsk (town, western Russia) : to 1953 Nev-dubstroy

Kirovsk see (1) Babadaykhan; (2) Kirawsk;(3) 1,2Kirovs’k

1Kirovs’k (city, eastern Ukraine, near Stakhanov): (Russian Kirovsk); to 1944 Holubivs’kyy Rud-nyk (Russian Golubovsky Rudnik)

2Kirovs’k (town, eastern Ukraine, near KrasnyyLyman) : (Russian Kirovsk); 1941–1965 imenyKirova (Russian imeni Kirova); to 1941 Popivka(Russian Popovka)

1Kirovs’ke (city, eastern Ukraine, near Yenaki-yeve) : (Russian Kirovskoye) to 1956 NovaKhrestivka (Russian Novaya Krestovka)

2Kirovs’ke (town, eastern Ukraine, near Dnipro-petrovs’k) : (Russian Kirovskoye); to 1938Obukhivka (Russian Obukhovka)

3Kirovs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (RussianKirovskoye); to 1944 Islam-Terek

Kirovskoye see (1) 1,2,3Kirovs’ke; (2) Kyzyl-Adyr

1Kirovsky (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1934Nikitinskiye Promysly

2Kirovsky (town, eastern Russia) : to 1939 Us-penka

Kirovsky see Balpyk BiKisangani (city, northwestern Democratic Re-

public of the Congo) : to 1966 Stanleyville;originally Falls Station

Kishinyov see Chi£inQuKishkenekol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly KzyltuKisielice (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1919,

1939–1945 German FreystadtKismarton see EisenstadtKisszeben see SabinovKisumu (town, western Kenya) : formerly Port

FlorenceKiszucaújhely see Kysucké Nové MestoKita-kozawa see Tel’novskyKitchener (city, Ontario, southern Canada) :

1824–1916 Berlin; earlier Ebytown; originallySand Hill

Kitikmeot (region, Northwest Territories, north-ern Canada) : to 1982 Central Arctic

Kitsman’ (town, western Ukraine) : 1919–1940Romanian Co´man; to 1918 German Kotzmann

Kittery (town, Maine, northeastern UnitedStates) : originally Piscataqua Plantation

Kivertsi (town, northwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Kivertsy); 1919–1939 Polish Kiwerce

Kivertsy see KivertsiKiwerce see KivertsiKiyev see KievKqzqlagaç see ElkhovoKqzqlqrmak (river, north central Turkey) : ancient

Greek Halys (The ancient name means “saltriver,” the modern name “red river.”)

Kladovo (village, eastern Serbia) : to 1878 Turk-ish Fethülislâm

Klaipcda (city, eastern Lithuania) : to 1945 Ger-man Memel (The Lithuanian and Germannames were both in use over the period 1923–1939. The German name is a corrupt form ofthat of the Neman River, at the mouth ofwhich the city lies.)

Klamath Falls (town, Oregon, northwesternUnited States) : to 1893 Linkville

Klatovy (town, southwestern Czech Republic) :to 1918, 1939–1945 German Klattau

Klattau see KlatovyKlausberg see MikulczyceKlausenburg see ClujKlazumen (village, southwestern Turkey) : an-

cient Greek Clazomenae (The original Greekcity was on the mainland, but was then movedto a nearby island for fear of an attack.)

Kléber see Sidi Ben YekbaKlein Boetsap see ReiviloKlein-Schlattern see ZlatnaKleve (city, western Germany) : formerly English

Cleves (The English name is historically famil-iar from Anne of Cleves, fourth wife of HenryVIII.)

Klimentina see TrudKlisura (town, central Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk-

ish DerventKljajiWevo (village, northern Serbia) : to 1948

KrnjajaKùodnica (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man KlodnitzKlodnitz see KùodnicaKùodzko (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German GlatzKluczbork (town, southern Poland) : to 1945

German KreuzburgKlukhori see Karachayevsk

101 Klukhori

Klyuchevsk (town, western Russia) : to 1933Tyoply Klyuch

Klyuchinsky see KrasnomayskyKnelston (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Llan-

y-Tair-MairKnighton (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh TrefycloKnights Enham see Enham AlameinKnob Lake see ScheffervilleKnock (village, western Ireland) : Irish An CnocKnox (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern United

States) : to 1933 EdenburgKnoxville (city, Tennessee, east central United

States) : to 1791 White’s FortKnyaginin see KnyagininoKnyaginino (town, western Russia) : to 1926

KnyagininKnyaginya Nadezhda see Nova NadezhdaKnyazheva Polyana see SmirnenskiKnyazhevo (town, western Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish Bali Efendi (The town is now a suburbof Sofia.)

Knyaz Simeonovo see ObedinenieKoartac see QuaqtaqKobarid (village, northwestern Slovenia) : 1919–

1947 Italian Caporetto; to 1918 German KarfreitKobbelbude see SvetlyKöben an der Oder see ChobieniaKøbenhavn see CopenhagenKoblenz (city, western Germany) : Roman Con-

fluentesKobryn (city, southwestern Belarus) : 1919–1939

Polish KobryüKobryü see KobrynKoçana see KoVaniKoVane see KoVaniKoVani (village, east central Macedonia) : 1913–

1941 Serbian KoVane; to 1913 Turkish KoçanaKoVevje (town, southern Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger-

man GottscheeKochina see Profesor IshirkovoKochubey (town, southwestern Russia) : to

c.1960 Chyorny RynokKochubeyevskoye (village, southwestern Russia)

: formerly Ol’ginskoyeKodok (town, southeastern Sudan) : to 1905

Fashoda (The historical name is associatedwith the 1898 “Fashoda Incident” whichbrought Britain and France to the brink ofwar. The Anglo-French entente formed in1904 prompted the British to change the nameto efface the memory of the incident.)

Kofarnihon (city, western Tajikistan) : 1936–1992 Orjonikidzeobod (Russian Ordzhonikidze-abad); to 1936 Yangi-Bazar

Kogon (city, southern Uzbekistan) : (RussianKagan); to c.1935 Russian Novaya Bukhara

Kohlfurt see WdgliniecKoivisto see 2PrimorskKokankishlak see PaxtaobodKokenhausen see KokneseKokkola (town, western Finland) : formerly

Swedish Gamlakarleby (The Swedish namemeans “old Karleby,” and almost half of thetown’s inhabitants are Swedish-speaking.)

Koknese (village, south central Latvia) : to 1917Geman Kokenhausen

Kokopo (town, central Papua New Guinea) :formerly German Herbertshöhe

Kolarov (mountain, western Bulgaria) : to 1949Belmeken

Kolarovgrad see ShumenKolárovo (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918,

1938–1945 Hungarian GútaKolay see Azovs’keKolberg see KoùobrzegKol’chugino see Leninsk-KuznetskyKolin see KolínKolín (town, north central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German KolinKolkata (city, northeastern India) : conventional

English Calcutta (The English name is associ-ated with the Black Hole of Calcutta, thesmall room in which many English were im-prisoned by the nawab of Bengal in 1756, aswell as with the Calcutta Cup, awarded from1878 to the winner of an annual rugby matchbetween England and Scotland.)

Kolkhozabad see (1) Kolkhozobod (2) VoseKolkhozobod (town, southwestern Tajikistan) :

(Russian Kolkhozabad); to 1950s RussianKaganovichabad

Kolkhozobod see VoseKolmar see Chodzie∞Köln see CologneKoùo (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-

man WarthbrückenKoùobrzeg (city, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German KolbergKolomea see KolomyyaKoùomyja see KolomyyaKolomyya (city, western Ukraine) : to 1939 Pol-

ish Koùomyja; earlier German KolomeaKolosjoki see Nikel’Kolozsvár see ClujKomárno (city, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1867

German Komorn (Komárno, on the north bankof the Danube, is a twin city of Komárom, onthe south bank.)

Komárom (city, northwestern Hungary) : to1867 German Komorn (Komárom, on thesouth bank of the Danube, is a twin city ofKomárno, on the north bank.)

Klyuchevsk 102

Komarovo (town, western Russia) : to 1948Finnish Kellomäki

Komavangard see SobinkaKomintern see (1) Marhanets’; (2) Novo-

shakhtinskKominternivs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) :

(Russian Kominternovskoye); to 1933 Antonove-Kodyntseve (Russian Antono-Kodintsevo)

Kominternovskoye see Kominternivs’keKomisarivka (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Komissarovka); to 1917 Holubivka (RussianGolubovka)

Komissarovka see KomisarivkaKommunar (town, southern Russia) : to 1932

BogomdarovannyKommunarsk see Alchevs’kKomorn see (1) Komárno, (2) KomáromKomotau see ChomutovKomotiní (town, northeastern Greece) : 1913–

1919 Bulgarian Gyumyurdzhina; to 1913 Turk-ish Gümülcine

Kompong Som see SihanoukvilleKomsomolabad see KomsomolobodKomsomolets see KarabalykKomsomolobod (village, central Tajikistan) :

(Russian Komsomolabad); to c.1935 PombachiKomsomol’sk (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German Löwenhagen1Komsomol’s’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Komsomol’skoye); to 1949 Karakubbud(Russian Karakubstroy)

2Komsomol’s’ke (village, west central Ukraine) :(Russian Komsomol’skoye); to c.1935Makhnivka (Russian Makhnovka)

1Komsomol’skoye (village, southwestern Russia): to 1941 German Friedenfeld (The town’s ear-lier German name is due to its location in theformer Volga German Autonomous Soviet So-cialist Republic.)

2Komsomol’skoye (village, western Russia) : to1939 Bol’shoy Kosheley

Komsomol’skoye see 1,2Komsomol’s’ke1Komsomol’sky (village, southwestern Russia) :

formerly Krasny Kamyshanik2Komsomol’sky (village, western Russia) : for-

merly ZavodskoyKomsomol’sky see (1) Chirchiq; (2) Komso-

mol’s’kyy; (3) YugorskKomsomol’s’kyy (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Komsomol’sky); to 1943 TsentrosoyuzKomunars’k see Alchevs’kKonakovo (town, western Russia) : to 1930

KuznetsovoKondinskoye (town, western Russia) : formerly

NakhrachiKondinskoye see 3Oktyabr’skoye

Königgratz see Hradec KrálovéKöniginhof an der Elbe see DvÀr Králové nad

LabemKönigliche Weinberge see Královské Vino-

hradyKönigsberg see (1) Chojna; (2) KaliningradKönigshütte see ChorzówKönigszelt see Jaworzina ¡lRskaKonitz see ChojniceKonopischt see Konopi§tfiKonopi§tfi (village, central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German KonopischtKonradshof see SkawinaKonstable Hoeck see 2BayonneKonstadt see WoùczynKonstantinograd see KrasnohradKonstantinovka see (1) Kostyantynivka;

(2) Yuzhnoukrayins’kKonstanz (city, southwestern Germany) : tradi-

tional English (and still current French) Con-stance; Roman Constantia (see also Constance,Lake)

Konuma see 2NovoaleksandrovskKonya (city, southwestern Turkey) : Roman Ico-

niumKonyrat (town, east central Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian KounradskyKoper (town, southwestern Slovenia) : 1919–

1954 Italian Capodistria; Roman Justinopolis;earlier Roman Aegidia (From 1947 to 1954,when it passed to Yugoslavia, Koper was inZone B of the Free Territory of Trieste.)

Kopeysk (city, southwestern Russia) : 1928–1933Kopi; to 1928 Goskopi; originally Ugol’nyye Kopi

Kopi see KopeyskKopreinitz see KoprivnicaKoprinka (reservoir, central Bulgaria) : to c.1989

Georgi DimitrovKoprivnica (town, central Croatia) : to 1867

German KopreinitzKop†ivnice (city, eastern Czech Republic) : for-

merly German NesselsdorfKoprivshtitsa (town, west central Bulgaria) : to

1878 Turkish AvratalanKöprü (river, southern Turkey) : ancient Greek

EurymedonKöprü see =uprijaKöprüköy see (1) Grozdyovo; (2) IvanskiKöprülü see VelesKopychintsy see KopychyntsiKopychyntsi (town, west central Ukraine) :

(Russian Kopychintsy); to 1939 Polish Kopy-czyüce

Kopyczyüce see KopychyntsiKorcë (city, southeastern Albania) : 1919–1921

modern Greek Korytsa

103 Korcë

KorVula (town, southern Croatia) : 1941–1943Italian Curzola

Korday (town, southeastern Kazakshtan) : for-merly Georgiyevka (The town, near the borderwith Kyrgyzstan, should not be confused withthe village of Kurday, 30 miles to the northeast.)

Korea (country, eastern Asia) : [Korean Choson orTaehan] (The Korean names belong respec-tively to the republics of North Korea andSouth Korea.)

Korenica see Titova KorenicaKorenovsk (city, southwestern Russia) : 1961

KorenovskayaKorenovskaya see KorenovskKorets’ (town, northwestern Ukraine) : 1919–

1939 Polish KorzecKorgalzhyn (town, north central Kazakhstan) :

formerly Russian Kurgal’dzhinsky; to 1937 Rus-sian Kazgorodok

Kórinthos see 1CorinthKörmöcbánya see KremnicaKornevo (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man ZintenKorobkovo see GubkinKorolyov (city, western Russia) : 1938–1996

Kaliningrad; 1928–1938 Kalininsky; earlierPodlipki (The city is now a suburb of Moscow.Its former name should not lead to confusionwith Kaliningrad, in the western exclave ofthis name.)

Körömezâ see YasinyaKoromo see ToyotaKorovino see SolntsevoKorpona see KrupinaKorsakov (city, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-

nese Otomari; to 1905 KorsakovskyKorsakovsky see KorsakovKorsovka see KIrsavaKorsun’ see Korsun’-Shevchenkivs’kyyKorsun’-Shevchenkivs’kyy (city, north central

Ukraine) : (Russian Korsun’-Shevchenkovsky);to 1944 Korsun’ (Russian Korsun’)

Korsun’-Shevchenkovsky see Korsun’-Shevchenkivs’kyy

Kortrijk (city, northwestern Belgium) : FrenchCourtrai; Roman Cortracum (Although thetown is in the Flemish-speaking half of Bel-gium, English speakers often refer to it by itsFrench name, itself historically associated withthe 1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs, in whichthe Flemish defeated the French.)

Koryakovsky Forpost see PavlodarKorytsa see KorcëKorzec see Korets’Kosava (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Russian

Kossovo); 1919–1939 Polish Kossów

Koschmin see KoØminKo¢cian (town, west central Poland) : 1793–

1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1935 German KostenKo¢cierzyna (town, northern Poland) : 1772–

1919, 1939–1945 German BerentKoshedary see Kai§iadorysKoshu-Kavak see KrumovgradKo§ice (city, southeastern Slovakia) : to 1918,

1938–1945 Hungarian Kassa; to 1867 GermanKaschau

Kosiorovo see Stanychno-Luhans’keKosiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Kosov);

1919–1939 Polish KosówKöslin see KoszalinKosmet see KosovoKosov see KosivKosovo (republic, southeastern Europe) : 1946–

1971 Serbian Kosovo-Metohija; alternate formerKosmet; Roman Dardania (Kosmet is a shortform of the longer Serbian name.)

Kosovo-Metohija see KosovoKosovska Mitrovica (town, north central

Kosovo) : formerly Titova Mitrovica; to 1913Turkish Mitroviça (The first word of the namedistinguishes the town from Sremska Mitro-vica in Serbia.)

Kosów see KosivKosseir see QuseirKossovo see KosavaKossów see KosavaKosta-Khetagurovo see Nazran’Kosten see Ko¢cianKöstendil see KyustendilKostolac (town, eastern Serbia) : Roman Vimi-

naciumKostopil’ (city, northwestern Ukraine) : (Russian

Kostopol’ ); 1919–1939 Polish KostopolKostopol’ see Kostopil’Kostrzyn (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man KüstrinKostyantynivka (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Konstantinovka)Kostyantynivka see Yuzhnoukrayins’kKostyantynohrad see KrasnohradKosyorove see Stanychno-Luhans’keKoszalin (city, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German KöslinKâszeg (town, western Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-

man GünsKotabaru see ZhezdyKota Kinabalu (city, northeastern Malaysia) : to

1968 JesseltonKotel (town, east central Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish Kazan1Kotel’nikovo (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1929 Kotel’nikovskaya

KorVula 104

2Kotel’nikovo (village, western Russia) : to 1949Salyuzi

Kotel’nikovskaya see 1Kotel’nikovoKotor (town, southwestern Montenegro) : 1941–

1943 Italian CattaroKotovsk (town, western Russia) : 1930–1940

Krasny BoyevikKotovsk see (1) Hînce£ti; (2) Kotovs’kKotovs’k (city, southwestern Ukraine) : (Russian

Kotovsk); to 1935 BirzulaKotovskoye see Hînce£tiKotsmann see Kitsman’Kotsyubinskoye see Kotsyubyns’keKotsyubyns’ke (town, north central Ukraine) :

(Russian Kotsyubinskoye); to 1941 Berkovets’(Russian Berkovets) (Kotsyubyns’ke is now asuburb of Kiev.)

Kotzenau see ChocianówKounradsky see KonyratKousséri (city, northern Cameroon) : formerly

French Fort-FoureauKovel’ (city, central Ukraine) : 1919–1939 Polish

KowelKovno see KaunasKowary (town, southwestern Poland) : formerly

Krzy∞atka; to 1945 German SchmiedebergKowel see Kovel’Koza see OkinawaKozhikode (city, southwestern India) : dated

English Calicut (The city was long in Britishhands, and its English name was probablyinfluenced by Calcutta, now Kolkata.)

KoØle (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 GermanCosel

Kozlikha see SitnikiKozlov see MichurinskKozludzha see SuvorovoKoØmin (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German KoschminKo∞uchów (town, western Poland) : to 1945

German FreystadtKozyol see Mykhaylo-Kotsyubyns’keKrainburg see KranjKrakau see KrakówKraków (city, southern Poland) : conventional

English Cracow; 1795–1818, 1940–1945 Ger-man Krakau

Kraljevica (town, western Croatia) : to 1867 Ital-ian Porto Rè

Kraljevina Serba, Hrvata i Slovenaca seeYugoslavia

Kraljevo (city, south central Serbia) : 1949–mid–1960s RankoviWevo

Kralovan see Kral’ovanyKral’ovany (village, northern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Kralován

Kralovice (town, west central Czech Republic) :to 1918, 1939–1945 German Kralowitz

Královské Vinohrady (village, west centralCzech Republic) : to 1918 German KöniglicheWeinberge (The village was incorporated intoPrague in 1919 as district Praha XII.)

Král’ovskï Chlmec (town, southeastern Slovakia): to 1918, 1938–1944 Hungarian Királyhelmec

Kralowitz see KraloviceKralup an der Moldau see Kralupy nad

VltavouKralupy nad Vltavou (town, north central

Czech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanKralup an der Moldau

Kranj (city, northern Slovenia) : to 1918, 1941–1944 German Krainburg; Roman Carnium

Kranjska Gora (village, northwestern Slovenia) :to 1918 German Kronau

Kranz see ZelenogradskKrapkowice (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German KrappitzKrappitz see KrapkowiceKraskino (town, eastern Russia) : formerly No-

vokiyevskoyeKrIslava (town, southeastern Latvia) : to 1918

Russian KreslavkaKraslice (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German GraslitzKrasnaya Gora see 1KrasnogorskKrasnaya Sloboda see KrasnoslobodskKrasni Okny (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Krasnyye Okny); to 1919 Okny1Krasnoarmeysk (town, western Russia, near

Moscow) : 1928–1947 Krasnoarmeysky; to 1928Voznesenskaya Manufaktura (The earliest namewas that of a textile factory, originally renamedfabrika imeni Krasnoy Armii i Flota, “factorynamed for the Red Army and Navy.”)

2Krasnoarmeysk (town, western Russia, nearSaratov) : 1926–1942 Bal’tser; to 1926 GolyKaramysh (The name Bal’tser, first given byGerman settlers in the form Balzer at the endof the 18th century, existed in parallel withGoly Karamysh until 1926, when it became thesole name.)

3Krasnoarmeysk (town, southwestern Russia) :to 1920 Sarepta (The town, now a suburb ofVolgograd, evolved its former name from thebiblical name Zarephath. See Tsrifin.)

Krasnoarmeysk see (1) Krasnoarmiys’k;(2) Tayynsha

Krasnoarmeyskaya see PoltavskayaKrasnoarmeyskoye (village, western Russia) : to

1939 Peredniye TrakiKrasnoarmeyskoye see (1) Krasnoarmiys’k;

(2) Urus-Martan; (3) Vil’nyans’k

105 Krasnoarmeyskoye

Krasnoarmeysky see 1KrasnoarmeyskKrasnoarmeysky Rudnik see DobropillyaKrasnoarmiys’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Krasnoarmeysk); 1938–1964 Krasno-armiys’ke (Russian Krasnoarmeyskoye); 1934–1938 Postysheve (Russian Postyshevo); to 1934Hryshyne (Russian Grishino)

Krasnoarmiys’ke see Krasnoarmiys’kKrasnodar (city, southwestern Russia) : to 1920

YekaterinodarKrasnodon (city, eastern Ukraine) : to 1938

Sorokyne (Russian Sorokino)Krasnogorovka see Krasnohorivka1Krasnogorsk (city, western Russia) : to 1932

Optikogorsk; formerly Krasnaya Gora; origi-nally Banki (The settlement of Krasnaya Goraarose when an optical factory was moved toBanki in 1927. The two were then united asOptikogorsk.)

2Krasnogorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japanese Chinnai

1Krasnogorskoye (village, western Russia) : to1938 Baryshnikovo

2Krasnogorskoye (village, southern Russia) : for-merly Staraya Barda

Krasnogorsky (town, western Russia) : to 1938Ilet

Krasnogorsky Rudnik see KrasnohorivkaKrasnograd see KrasnohradKrasnogrigor’yevka see ChervonohryhorivkaKrasnogvardeysk see (1) Bulung’ur;

(2) Gatchina1Krasnogvardeyskoye (town, western Russia) :

early 1920s–1960s Budyonnoye; to early 1930sBiryuch

2Krasnogvardeyskoye (village, southwesternRussia, near Krasnodar) : formerly Nikolayev-skoye

3Krasnogvardeyskoye (village, southwesternRussia, near Stavropol’) : formerly Yevdoki-movskoye

Krasnogvardeyskoye see Krasnohvardiys’keKrasnogvardeysky (town, west central Russia) :

to 1938 Irbitsky ZavodKrasnohirs’kyy Rudnyk see KrasnohorivkaKrasnohorivka (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Krasnogorovka); formerly Krasnohirs’kyyRudnyk (Russian Krasnogorsky Rudnik)

Krasnohrad (town, northeastern Ukraine) :(Russian Krasnograd); to 1922 Kostyantynohrad(Russian Konstantinograd)

Krasnohvardiys’ke (town, southern Ukraine) :(Russian Krasnogvardeyskoye); to 1945 Kurman-Kemelchi

Krasnokokshaysk see Yoshkar-OlaKrasnokutsk see Aktogay

Krasnomaysky (town, western Russia) : to 1940Klyuchinsky

Krasnooktyabr’sky (town, western Russia) : to1928 Khovrino (The town is now part of Mos-cow.)

Krasnooktyabr’sky see ShopokovKrasnooostrovsky (village, western Russia) :

1940–1948 Byorksky (The previous name is aRussian adjectival form of the former Finnishname Björko.)

Krasnopartizansk see BelogorskKrasnorechenskoye see Krasnorichens’keKrasnorichens’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Krasnorechenskoye); formerly Kaban’yeKrasnosel’sk see ChambarakKrasnoslobodsk (town, southwestern Russia) :

to 1955 Krasnaya SlobodaKrasnoturansk (town, southern Russia) : for-

merly AbakanskoyeKrasnotur’insk (town, west central Russia) : to

1944 Tur’inskiye RudnikiKrasnoural’sk (town, western Russia) : 1929–

1932 Uralmedstroy; to 1929 BogomolstroyKrasnoural’sky Rudnik see NovoasbestKrasnovodsk see TurkmenbashiKrasnoyarsk (city, east central Russia) : origi-

nally Krasny YarKrasnoye see 2ChervoneKrasnoye Ekho (town, western Russia) : to 1925

NovogordinoKrasnoye Selo (town, western Russia) : formerly

Krasny (The former village was incorporatedinto Leningrad in 1973.)

Krasnoye Znamya see RubizhneKrasnozavodsk (town, western Russia) : to 1940

ZagorskyKrasnoznamensk (town, western Russian) :

1938–1945 German Haselberg; to 1938 Ger-man Lasdehnen

Krasnoznamenskoye see Yegindykol’Krasny see (1) Krasnoye Selo; (2) MozhgaKrasny Bor (village, western Russia) : formerly

P’yany BorKrasny Boyevik see KotovskKrasny Kamyshanik see 1Komsomol’skyKrasny Klyuch (town, southwestern Russia) :

formerly Bely KlyuchKrasny Liman see Krasnyy LymanKrasny Luch see Krasnyy LuchKrasny Mayak (town, western Russia) : to 1925

YakunchikovKrasny Oktyabr’ (village, western Russia, near

Kirzhach) : to 1919 VoznesenskyKrasny Oktyabr’ see BaranKrasny Profintern (town, western Russia) :

c.1926–1945 Gruzitsino; to c.1926 Ponizovkino

Krasnoarmeysky 106

Krasny Steklovar (town, western Russia) : to1939 Kuzhery

Krasny Sulin (city, southwestern Russia) : to1926 Sulin

Krasny Tekstil’shchik (town, southwestern Rus-sia) : to 1929 Saratovskaya Manufaktura

Krasny Ural see UraletsKrasny Yar see KrasnoyarskKrasnyye Okny see Krasni OknyKrasnyy Luch (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Krasny Luch); to 1926 Kryndachivka (RussianKrindachyovka)

Krasnyy Lyman (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Krasny Liman); to 1938 Lyman (RussianLiman)

Kratovo (village, northern Macedonia) : to 1913Turkish Karatova

Kratske see PodchinnyKrava†e (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1919, 1938–1945 German Deutsch-KrawarnKremenets see Kremenets’Kremenets’ (city, western Ukraine) : 1919–1939

Polish Krzemieniec; to 1918 Russian KremenetsKremges see Svitlovods’kKremhes see Svitlovods’kKremnica (town, central Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Körmöcbánya; to 1867 GermanKremnitz

Kremnitz see KremnicaKremsier see Kromfi†í±Krenau see ChrzanówKreslavka see KrIslavaKressendorf see KrzeszowiceKreuz see (1) Kri±evci; (2) Krzy∞Kreuzberg see SlavskoyeKreuzburg see (1) Kluczbork; (2) KrustpilsKreuzingen see BolshakovoKrindachyovka see Krasny LuchKrinichansky see Chervonogvardiys’keKristiania see OsloKristiinankaupunki (town, western Finland) :

formerly Swedish Kristinestad (The town isgenerally known by its Swedish name and itsinhabitants are largely Swedish-speaking.)

Kristinehamn (town, west central Sweden) : to1642 Bro

Kristinestad see KristiinankaupunkiKristinopol’ see ChervonohradKritsim see StamboliyskiKriva Palanka (village, northern Macedonia) : to

1913 Turkish EgripalankaKrivaya Kosa see SyedoveKrivoy Rog see Kryvyy RihKri±evci (town, central Croatia) : to 1867 Ger-

man KreuzKrk (town, northwestern Croatia) : to 1918,

1941–1943 Italian Veglia (The town lies on theisland of the same name.)

Krkono§e see RiesengebirgeKrn (mountain, northwestern Slovenia) : 1919–

1947 Italian NeroKrnjaja see KljajiWevoKrnov (town, northeastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1939 German JägerndorfKrólewska Huta see ChorzówKromfi†í± (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1867, 1939–1945 German KremsierKronau see Kranjska GoraKronshlot see KronshtadtKronshtadt (town, western Russia) : to 1723

Kronshlot (The former name is a Russiantransliterated form of Swedish Kronslott,“crown castle.” The present name representsGerman Kronstadt, “crown city,” as formerlyfor Bra£ov, Romania.)

Kronstadt see Bra£ov1Kropotkin (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1921 Romanovsky Khutor2Kropotkin (town, southern Russia) : to 1930

Tikhono-ZadonskyKrosno (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945

German CrossenKrosno Odrzaüskie (town, western Poland) : to

1945 German CrossenKrotoschin see KrotoszynKrotoszyn (town, west central Poland) : 1793–

1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German KrotoschinKr§ko (town, southern Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger-

man GurkfeldKruglyakov see 7Oktyabr’skyKrujë (town, north central Albania) : to 1912

Turkish AkhisarKrumau an der Moldau see Teskï KrumlovKrummhübel see KarpaczKrumovgrad (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1934

Turkish Koshu-KavakKrumovo (village, south central Bulgaria) : to

1893 Turkish Pasha MakhalaKrung Thep see BangkokKrupina (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian KorponaKrustpils (town, central Latvia) : to 1918 Ger-

man KreuzburgKrylovkskaya (village, southwestern Russia) :

formerly YekaterinovskayaKrym see CrimeaKrymsk (town, southwestern Russia) : formerly

KrymskayaKrymskaya see KrymskKryndachivka see Krasnyy LuchKrynica Morska (village, northern Poland) : to

1945 German Kahlberg

107 Krynica Morska

Krynychans’kyy see Chervonogvardiys’keKrystynopil’ see ChervonohradKrystynopol see ChervonohradKryva Kosa see SyedoveKryvyy Rih (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Krivoy Rog)Krzemieniec see Kremenets’Krzeszów (town, southeastern Poland) : to 1945

German GrüssauKrzeszowice (town, southern Poland) : 1940–

1945 German KressendorfKrzy∞ (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1945 German KreuzKrzy∞atka see KowaryKsar Chellala (town, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French ReïbellKsar el Boukhari (town, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French BoghariKsar el Kebir (city, northern Morocco) : con-

ventional English Alcazarquivir (The Englishname is a Spanish corruption of the Arabicoriginal.)

Ksar es Souk see Er RachidiaKsiR∞Wielkopolski (town, western Poland) :

1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 GermanXions

Kuala Sepetang (town, western Malaysia) : for-merly Port Weld

Kubrat (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878Turkish Balbunar

Kuckerneese see YasnoyeKuçovë (town, south central Albania) : 1950–

1991 Qyteti Stalin (Albanian qytet means “city,”and the former name corresponds to both Ro-manian Ora£ul Stalin, now Bra£ov, and Rus-sian Stalingrad, now Volgograd.)

Kudelka see AsbestKudinovo see ElektrougliKudirkos Naumiestis (town, southwestern

Lithuania) : to 1918 German Neustadt-Schir-windt; earlier Vladislavovas (The town lies onthe Russian border across the Sheshupe Riverfrom Kutuzovo, sharing its former Germanname, with Lithuanian Naumiestis correspon-ding to German Neustadt, “new town.”)

Kudowa Zdróy (town, southwestern Poland) : to1945 German Bad Kudowa

Kugaaruk (village, Nunavut, northern Canada) :to 1999 Pelly Bay

Kugluktuk (village, Nunavut, northern Canada): to 1999 Coppermine

Kuito (town, central Angola) : to 1976 Portu-guese Silva Porto; earlier Belmonte

Kukarka see 2SovetskKukkus see PrivolzhskoyeKukshik see 2Pervomaysky

Kükü£ see KilkisKulan (village, southern Kazakhstan) : formerly

Russian Lugovoye (The new name avoids con-fusion with the town of Lugovoy, a few miles tothe northeast.)

Kuldiga see KuldngaKuldnga (town, western Latvia) : (Russian

Kuldiga); to 1918 German GoldingenKuleli-Burgas see PithionKüleliburgaz see PithionKulm see (1) Cheùmno; (2) ChlumecKulmsee see Cheùm∞aKumanova see KumanovoKumanovo (city, northern Macedonia) : to 1913

Turkish KumanovaKumayri see GyumriKunersdorf see KunowiceKungrad see QunghirotKunming (city, southwestern China) : to 1912

YunnanfuKunowice (village, western Poland) : to 1945

German KunersdorfKuokkala see RepinoKuolayarvi (village, northwestern Russia) :

1937–1940 Salla (In 1940 the original Finnishvillage of Salla was ceded to the USSR and itspopulation resettled in the village of Kursu, 30miles to the southwest, which was then re-named Salla.)

Kurakhivdres see KurakhoveKurakhivdresbud see KurakhoveKurakhove (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Kurakhovo); 1943–1956 Kurakhivdres; earlierKurakhivdresbud (Russian Kurakhovstroy)

Kurakhovo see KurakhoveKurakhovstroy see KurakhoveK≠rdzhali (town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878,

1885–1913 Turkish KqrcalqKuressaare (town, western Estonia) : 1952–1988

Kingisepp; to 1918 German ArensburgKurgal’dzhinsky see KorgalzhynKurganinsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1961 Kurgannaya stanitsaKurgannaya stanitsa see KurganinskKurganovka (town, southern Russia) : to 1944

Zaboyshchik (The town is now a suburb ofBeryozovsky.)

Kuril Islands (eastern Russia) : 1875–1945 Japa-nese Chishima-retto

Kuril’sk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Shana

Kurman-Kemelchi see Krasnohvardiys’keKursu see SallaKurtbunar see TervelKuryk (town, southwestern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Yeraliyev

Krynychans’kyy 108

Kushnarenkovo (village, western Russia) : to1930s Topornino

Kushunnai see Il’inskyKussen see VesnovoKüstenja see Constan´aKüstrin see KostrzynKus’ye-Aleksandrovsky (town, western Russia) :

to 1946 Kus’ye-Aleksandrovsky ZavodKus’ye-Aleksandrovsky Zavod see Kus’ye-

AleksandrovskyKutelna see ChuchelnáKutná Hora (city, central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German KuttenbergKuttenberg see Kutná HoraKutuzov see IaloveniKutuzovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German Schirwindt (The former town lies onthe Lithuanian border across the SheshupeRiver from Kudirkos-Naumiestis, sharing itsformer German name.)

Kuujjuaq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :formerly Fort Chimo

Kuujjuarapik (village, Quebec, eastern Canada): alternate Cree Whapmagoostui; formerlyPoste-de-la-Baleine; to 1965 Great Whale River

Kuvango (town, south central Angola) : formerlyPortuguese Vila da Ponte

Kuybyshev see (1) Bolgar; (2) SamaraKuybysheva, imeni see Rishtan1Kuybysheve (town, southeastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Kuybyshevo); to 1926 Tsarekostyanty-nivka (Russian Tsarekonstantinovka)

2Kuybysheve (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Kuybyshevo); to 1944 Albat

Kuybyshevka-Vostochnaya see BelogorskKuybyshevo see (1) 1,2Kuybysheve; (2) RishtanKuzhery see Krasny SteklovarKuznetsk (city, western Russia) : to 1780

NaryshkinoKuznetsk-Sibirsky see NovokuznetskKuznetsovo see KonakovoKuØnica (village, northeastern Poland) : 1772–

1919, 1939–1945 German CeynowaKvirily see ZestafoniKwando see CuandoKwango see CuangoKwaZulu-Natal (province, eastern South Africa)

: to 1994 NatalKweisui see HohhotKwekwe (city, central Zimbabwe) : to 1980 Que

QueKwidzyn (town, northern Poland) : to 1919,

1939–1945 German MarienwerderKyaikkami (town, southern Myanmar) : for-

merly AmherstKyakhta (city, southern Russia) : to 1935 Troits-

kosavsk (The city was formed by combiningthe town of Troitskosavsk with the village ofKyakhta, taking the latter’s name.)

Kyiv see KievKyjov (town, southeastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German GayaKyomip’o see SongnimKypros see CyprusKyrenia (town, northern Northern Cyprus) :

Turkish Girne (Kyrenia should not be con-fused with Cyrene, northern Africa.)

Kyrgyzstan (republic, west central Asia) : to 1991Kirghizia

Kyrylivka see 2ShevchenkoveKy§perk see LetohradKysucké Nové Mesto (town, northwestern Slo-

vakia) : to 1918 Hungarian KiszucaújhelyKythrea (town, northern Cyprus) : Turkish

Degirmenlik; ancient Greek ChythriKyupriya see PrimorskoKyustendil (city, southwestern Bulgaria) : to

1878 Turkish KöstendilKyzyl (city, southeastern Russia) : 1918–1926

Khem-Beldyr; to 1918 BelotsarskKyzyl-Adyr (town, northwestern Kyrgyzstan) :

formerly Russian Kirovskoye; to 1937 RussianAleksandrovskoye

Kyzyl-Asker (village, northern Kyrgyzstan) : to1944 Chalakazaki (The village is now a suburbof Bishkek.)

Kyzyl-Burun see SiyäzänKyzylorda (city, south central Kazakhstan) :

1925–1991 Kzyl-Orda; 1917–1925 Ak-Mechet’;1853–1917 Russian Perovsk; to 1853 Ak-Mechet’

Kyzyl-Suu (village, eastern Kyrgyzstan) : for-merly Pokrovka

Kzyl-Mazar see SovetKzyl-Orda see KyzylordaKzyltu see Kishkenekol’Labacum see LjubljanaLaband see úabddyLa Barge see Deer LodgeLa Baye see Green BayLabdah (historic site, northwestern Libya) :

Roman Leptis Magnaúabddy (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man Laband (The town is now part of Gli-wice.)

Labes see úobezLabiau see PolesskLabicanan Way see ViaLabinsk (city, southwestern Russia) : to 1947

LabinskayaLabinskaya see LabinskLabuan (town, eastern Malaysia) : formerly Vic-

109 Labuan

toria (The town lies on the island of the samename.)

La Calle see El KalaLacasaigh see LaxayLacasdal see LaxdaleLaccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands see

LakshadweepLac des Quatre Cantons see Lucerne, LakeLacedaemon see SpartaLa Chapelle see 2AbbevilleLa Charqueada see General Enrique MartínezLachin (town, southern Azerbaijan) : to 1926

AbdalyarLachine see La SalleLackawanna (city, New York, northeastern

United States) : to 1909 Limestone HillLac La Martre see Wha TiLacobriga see LagosLa Concepción see RiabaLaconia (town, New Hampshire, northeastern

United States) : formerly Meredith BridgeLa Coruña (city, northwestern Spain) : [Galician

A Coruña]; traditional English Corunna; Me-dieval Latin Coronium; Roman Brigantium.(The traditional name is associated with theEnglish victory over the French in 1809 duringthe Peninsular War.)

Lactodurum see TowcesterLacus Lemanus see Geneva, LakeLRdek Zdróy (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Bad LandeckLadrones Islands see Mariana IslandsLadushkin (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man LudwigsortLa Estrelleta (province, western Dominican Re-

public) : to 1965 San RafaelLafayette (city, Louisiana, southern United

States) : to 1884 VermilionvilleLafayette see BougaaLafayette, Mt. (New Hampshire, northeastern

United States) : to 1825 Great HaystackLagan’ (town, southwestern Russia) : 1944–1991

KaspiyskyLagentium see CastlefordLaggan see Lake Louiseúagiewniki (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German ElvershagenLago dei Quattro Cantoni see Lucerne, LakeLago di Patria (village, south central Italy) :

Roman LiternumLagos (city, southern Portugal) : Roman Laco-

brigaLa Goulette see Halq el OuedLa Granja see San IldefonsoLa Guadeloupe (village, Quebec, southeastern

Canada) : to 1949 St.-Évariste Station

La Guingette see Bourg-MadameLa Habana see HavanaLa Haye-Descartes see DescartesLa Haye-en-Touraine see DescartesLahij (town, southwestern Yemen) : in 1960s Al-

HawtahLähn see WleüLaibach see LjubljanaLajeado see GuiratingaLa Junta (town, Colorado, west central United

States) : originally OteroLake (or Lake of) : for names beginning thus,

see next word, as Constance, LakeLake City (town, Florida, southeastern United

States) : to 1859 AlligatorLakefield (village, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1874 Herriott’s FallsLake Harbour (village, Nunavut, northeastern

Canada) : alternate Inuit KimmirutLakehead see Thunder BayLake Louise (village, Alberta, southwestern

Canada) : to 1914 Laggan; originally HoltCity

Lake’s Crossing see RenoLake Station (town, Indiana, north central

United States) : formerly East GaryLakeview see Winter Park1Lakewood (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : formerly Bricksburg; previ-ously Bergen Iron Works; earlier Washington’sFurnace; originally Three Partners’ Mill

2Lakewood (city, Ohio, north central UnitedStates) : 1871–1889 East Rockport; to 1871 Rock-port

Lakhdaria (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962French Palestro

Lakinsk (town, western Russia) : to 1969 Lakin-sky

Lakinsky see LakinskLakshadweep (union territory, southwestern

India) : to 1973 Laccadive, Minicoy and Amini-divi Islands (The first of the multiple names, inan improved form, gave the present name.)

La Laguna see PadillaLa Manche see English ChannelLambaesis see Tazoult-LambèseLambertville (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : originally Coryel’s Ferry (Thetown lies across the Delaware River from NewHope, and the original ferry plied between thetwo.)

Lambly’s Landing see EnderbyLamía (city, central Greece) : to 1830 Turkish

ZeytunLamoricière see Ouled MimounLa Motte-Montfort see La Motte-Servolex

La Calle 110

La Motte-Servolex (town, eastern France) : to1802 La Motte-Montfort

Lampedusa (island, central Mediterranean) : an-cient Greek Lopadusa

Lampeter (town, west central Wales) : WelshLlanbedr Pont Steffan

Lamphey (village, southwestern Wales) : WelshLlandyfái

Lamta (historic site, eastern Tunisia) : RomanLeptis Minor

Lancaster (city, Pennsylvania, northeasternUnited States) : originally Gibson’s Pasture

Lancaster see 3LincolnLanchester (town, northeastern England) :

Roman Longoviciumúaücut (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945

German LandshutLandeck see LddyczekLandeshut see Kamienna GóraLandsberg see Górowo IùaweckieLandsberg an der Warthe see Gorzów

WielkopolskiLand’s End (peninsula, southwestern England) :

Roman Antivestaeum Promontorium; earlierRoman Belerium

Landshut see úaücutLandskron see Lan§krounLandwarów see LentvarisLangenbielau see BielawaLangfuhr see WrzeszczLangres (town, east central France) : Roman

AndemattunnumLangtry (village, Texas, southern United States) :

formerly VinegaroonLansing (city, Michigan, north central United

States) : to 1848 MichiganLan§kroun (town, east central Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 German LandskronLanuvio (village, central Italy) : Roman LanuviumLanuvium see LanuvioLaodicea ad Mare see LatakiaLaoighis see LaoisLaois (county, central Ireland) : alternate

Laoighis; formerly Leix; 1557–1920 EnglishQueen’s County

Laon (town, northern France) : Roman LugdunumLa Palma (town, California, southwestern

United States) : to 1965 DairylandLa Pampa (province, central Argentina) :

1952–1955 Eva PerónLa Panne see De PanneLa Parida see Bolívar, CerroLa Park see Huntington ParkLa Paz (city, western Colombia) : formerly La

Paz de Ayacucho; to 1825 Nuestra Señora de laPaz

La Paz de Ayacucho see La PazLa Piedad Cavadas (city, northwestern Mexico)

: to 1871 Zula la ViejaLa Planche see AmherstLapland (region, northern Europe) : [Swedish

Lappland; Finnish Lappi; Russian Laplandiya](English generally prefers the Norwegian formof the name. The region extends over northernScandinavia and the Kola Peninsula in north-western Russia.)

Laplandiya see LaplandLa Plata (province, eastern Argentina) : 1946–

1955 Eva PerónLa Plata see SucreLappeenranta (city, southeastern Finland) : for-

merly Swedish VillmanstrandLappi see LaplandLappland see LaplandLaptevo see YasnogorskLaptev Sea (northeastern Russia) : to 1913 Nor-

denskjöld SeaLapu-Lapu (city, central Philippines) : formerly

OponLapurdum see 1BayonneLarache (city, northwestern Morocco) : Arabic El

Araïche; Roman Lixus (The Spanish corruptionof the Arabic name persists in general use.)

Laranjal see Laranjal PaulistaLaranjal Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 LaranjalLaranjeiras see (1) Alagoa Nova; (2) Laran-

jeiras do SulLaranjeiras do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : 1944–

1948 Iguaçu; to 1944 LaranjeirasLa Ravardière see CayenneL’Arbaa Naït Irathen (town, northern Algeria) :

to c.1962 French Fort-NationalLargeau see FayaLarino (town, south central Italy) : Roman Lari-

numLarinsky see NeverLarinum see LarinoLa Rioja (autonomous region, northern Spain) :

to 1980 LogroñoLárissa (city, northern Greece) : to 1881 Turkish

Yeni£ehirLarne (town, northeastern Northern Ireland) :

Irish LatharnaLa Rochelle (city, western France) : Medieval

Latin RupellaLa Roche-sur-Yon (town, western France) :

1848–1870 Napoléon-Vendée, 1814–1848 Bour-bon-Vendée, 1804–1814 Napoléon-Vendée

La Salle (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : to1912 Lachine; originally St. Sulpice (The city,now a southern suburb of Montreal, received

111 La Salle

its current name when a group of inhabitantsmoved to the site of the present western sub-urb of Lachine and took that name with them,allowing the original Lachine to become incor-porated as a city.)

Lasdehnen see KrasnoznamenskLa§ko (village, east central Slovenia) : to 1918

German TüfferLas Mulatas see San Blas IslandsLas Peñas see Puerto VallartaLas Rosas (town, southern Mexico) : to 1934

PinolaLatakia (city, western Syria) : [Arabic Al

LIdhiqnyah]; Roman Laodicea ad Mare (This isnot the biblical Laodicea, which was RomanLaodicea ad Lycum near modern Denizli inwestern Turkey.)

Laterrière (town, Quebec, eastern Canada) :originally Grand-Brûlé

Latharna see LarneLatina (city and province, south central Italy) :

to 1947 LittoriaLatinum see MeauxLatin Way see ViaLatium see LazioLa Toma (town, west central Argentina) : for-

merly Cuatro de JunioLa Tranche see 2ThamesLa Trinitaria (town, southern Mexico) : to 1934

ZapalutaLatvia (republic, northwestern Europe) : [Lat-

vian Latvija]; (Russian Latviya); 1941–1944German Lettland. (None of these namesshould be confused with those of neighboringLithuania.)

Latvija see LatviaLauban see LubaüLauenburg see LdborkLaugharne (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

TalacharnLauis see LuganoLaun see LounyLaunceston (city, Tasmania, southeastern Aus-

tralia) : originally PatersoniaLaurahütte see Siemianowice ¡lRskieLaurana see LovranLauriacum see LorschLausanne (city, western Switzerland) : Italian

Losanna; Roman LausodunumLausitz see LusatiaLausodunum see LausanneLautenburg see LidzbarkLauzon (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :

to 1867 Cap-de-Lévy (In 1989 the townmerged with Lévis to form the city of Lévis-Lauzon.)

Lavarande see Sidi LakdarLavatris see BowesLavinium see Pratica di MareLavras see Lavras da MangabeiraLavras da Mangabeira (city, northeastern Brazil)

: to 1944 LavrasLawnsville see LoganLawrence (town, southern New Zealand) : for-

merly TuapekaLaxay (village, Western Isles, northwestern Scot-

land) : Gaelic LacasaighLaxdale (village, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic LacasdalLazio (region, central Italy) : Roman Latium

(The Roman name of this district aroundRome gave that of the Latin language, firstspoken here.)

Láznfi Jeseník (village, western Czech Republic): to 1918, 1938–1945 German Gräfenberg

Lazovsk see SîngereiLbishchensk see ChapayevLeaf Bay see TasiujaqLeba see úebaúeba (town, northern Poland) : to 1945 German

Leba1Lebanon (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic

LubnIn]2Lebanon (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : originally SteitztownLdbork (city, northern Poland) : to 1945 German

LauenburgLebyazh’ye see AkkuLecce (city, southeastern Italy) : Roman LupiaeLe Center (town, Minnesota, northern United

States) : to 1931 Le Sueur Centerúdczyca (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-

man Lentschütz; to 1915 Russian LenchitsaLedeV nad Sázavou (town, central Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Ledetschan der Saaz

Ledengskoye see Babushkina, imeniLedetsch an der Saaz see LedeV nad SázavouLedo Salinarius see Lons-le-SaunierLedra see NicosiaLddyczek (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German LandeckLeeds (city, northern England) : Roman Cambo-

dunum (The Roman name was that of an asyet unlocated Roman fort. Given the meaningof the name, itself of Celtic origin, as “fort at abend,” it may have been at the confluence ofthe Sheepscar Beck with the Aire River.)

Leeu-Gamka (town, southern South Africa) :formerly Fraserburg Road

Leeville see AssiniboiaLefko£a see Nicosia

Lasdehnen 112

Le Fleur’s Bluff see 2JacksonLeger Corner see DieppeLeghorn see LivornoLegnano (city, northern Italy) : Roman Leuna-

niumLegnica (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Liegnitz (The German name is associ-ated with the 1760 Prussian defeat of the Aus-trians during the Seven Years’ War.)

Legnickie Pole (village, southwestern Poland) :to 1945 German Wahlstatt

Legohli see Norman WellsLe Havre (city, northern France) : originally Le

Havre-de-Grâce (The English knew the port asNewhaven for a time following its founding in1517.)

Le Havre-de-Grâce see Le HavreLeicester (city, central England) : Roman Ratae

CorieltauvorumLeiden (city, western Netherlands) : English Ley-

den; Roman Lugdunum (The Roman namealso appears in the expanded form LugdunumBatavorum. The English spelling is tradition-ally associated with the 1574 siege of the cityduring the Netherlands War of Independence,in which the Dutch were attacked by Walloonand German troops.)

Léim an Bhradáin see LeixlipLéim an Mhadaidh see LimavadyLeintwardine (village, western England) :

Roman BranogeniumLeipe see LipnoLeitir Ceannain see LetterkennyLeitmeritz see Litomfi†iceLeitomishl see Litomy§lLeitrim (county, northwestern Ireland) : Irish

LiatroimLeix see LaoisLeixlip (village, eastern Ireland) : Irish Léim an

BhradáinLe Kef (town, northern Tunisia) : Roman Sicca

VeneriaLeksura see LentekhiLemberg (village, Saskatchewan, southern Can-

ada) : to 1905 SiftonLemberg see L’vivLemeshensky see OrgtrudLempira (department, western Honduras) : to

1943 GraciasLemsal see Limba±iLenchitsa see údczycaLençóis see Lençóis PaulistaLençóis Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Ubirama; to 1944 LençóisLendava (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1944 Hungarian Alsólendva

Lengwethen see LuninoLenin (town, western Tajikistan) : formerly

Leninsky; c.1960–1970 imeni Sardarova Kara-khana; to c.1960 Koktash

Lenina, imeni see Lenina, imenyLenina, imeny (town, south central Ukraine) :

(Russian imeni Lenina); to c.1926 Kalachevs’kyyRudnyk (Russian Kalachevsky Rudnik) (Thetown is now a suburb of Kryvyyh Rih.)

Leninabad see (1) Khujand; (2) Qanliko’lLeninakan see GyumriLenine (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian

Lenino); to 1957 Sim Kolodyaziv (Russian Sem’Kolodezey)

Leningrad (town, southwestern Tajikistan) : for-merly Russian Leningradsky; to 1973 M≠’mino-bod (Russian Muminabad)

Leningrad see St. PetersburgLeningradskaya (village, southwestern Russia) :

to 1930s UmanskayaLeningradsky see Leningrad1Lenino (town, western Russia) : formerly Tsari-

tsyno (The town is now incorporated intoMoscow.)

2Lenino (town, southern Russia) : to 1930s Inno-kent’yevskaya (The town is now part of the cityof Irkutsk.)

Lenino see (1) Lenine; (2) Leninsk-KuznetskyLeninobod see (1) Khujand; (2) Qanliko’lLeninogorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1955

Novaya Pis’myankaLeninogorsk see RidderLenin Peak (mountain, southern Kyrgyzstan/

northern Tajikistan) : to 1928 Kaufman PeakLeninsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1919

PrishibLeninsk see (1) Akdepe; (2) 1Asaka;

(3) Baykonyr; (4) TaldomLeninskaya Sloboda (town, western Russia) : to

1935 KadnitsyLeninsk-Kuznetsky (city, southern Russia) :

1922–1925 Lenino; to 1922 Kol’chuginoLeninskoe (village, southern Kyrgyzstan) : to

1937 Russian Pokrovka1Leninskoye (town, western Russia) : 1917–

c.1940 Shabalino; to 1917 Bogorodskoye2Leninskoye (town, eastern Russia) : formerly

Mikhaylovo-Semyonovskoye; to 1939 Blyukher-ovo

Leninskoye see (1) Kazygurt; (2) Uzynkol’Leninsk-Turkmensky see Türkmenabat1Leninsky (town, western Russia, near Tula) : to

1935 Domman-Asfal’tovy Zavod2Leninsky (town, western Russia, near Koz’-

modem’yansk) : to 1941 MarinoLeninsky see Lenin

113 Leninsky

Lenínváros see (1) Pesterzsébet; (2) Tiszaúj-város

Lenox (town, Massachusetts, northeasternUnited States) : to 1767 Yokuntown

Lens (town, northern France) : Roman LentiumLensk (city, eastern Russia) : to 1963 MukhtuyaLentekhi (town, northwestern Georgia) : to 1938

LeksuraLentia see LinzLentini (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek

LeontiniLentium see LensLentschütz see údczycaLentvaris (town, southeastern Lithuania) : 1919–

1939 Polish Landwarów; to 1918 RussianLyandvarovo

Leobschütz see GùubczyceLeodocia see Red BluffLeón see CotopaxiLeón de los Caballeros de Huánuco see

HuánucoLeonidovo (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese Kami-shikukaLeontini see LentiniLeopold, Lake see Mai-Ndombe, LakeLeopoldina see (1) Aruanã; (2) Colonia Leo-

poldina; (3) ParnamirimLeopoldov (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Lipótvár; to 1867 German Leopold-stadt

Leopoldsburg (town, northeastern Belgium) :French Bourg-Léopold

Leopoldstadt see LeopoldovLéopoldville see KinshasaLeopolis see L’vivLepanto see NávpaktosLe Port (town, northwestern Réunion) : formerly

Port-des-GaletsLeptis Magna see LabdahLeptis Minor see LamtaLe Puy (city, south central France) : Medieval

Latin PodiumLérida (city, northeastern Spain) : Catalan

Lleida; Roman IlerdaLermontov (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1956 LermontovskyLermontovsky see LermontovLes Borges Blanques see Borjas BlancasLesbos (island, eastern Greece) : alternate Myti-

lene (The alternate name is in regular use forthe island’s chief town, often in its Greek formMitilíni.)

Leschnitz see Le§nicaLeselidze see GyachrypshLes Grandes Fourches see 1Grand ForksLeskhimstroy see Syeverodonets’k

Leskovac (city, southeastern Serbia) : to 1878Turkish Leskovaç

Leskovaç see LeskovacLeslau see WùocùawekLe§nica (town, southern Poland) : 1937–1945

German Bergstadt; to 1937 German LeschnitzLesnoy see UmbaLesogorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese NayoshiLesogorsky (town, northwestern Russia) : 1940–

1948 Yaski; to 1940 Finnish Jääski (The townpassed from Finland to the USSR in 1940 butwas not renamed until 1948.)

Lesotho (kingdom, southern Africa) : to 1966Basutoland

Lesovka see Ukrains’kLesozavodsky see NovovyatskLes Petites Côtes see St. CharlesLessen see LessinesLessine (town, west central Belgium) : Flemish

LessenLesten see CzerninaLes Trembles see Sidi HamadoucheLe Sueur Center see Le CenterLeszno (city, west central Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German LissaLethbridge (city, Alberta, southwestern Canada)

: to 1885 CoalbanksLetocetum see WallLetohrad (town, north central Czech Republic) :

to 1950 Ky§perk; to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanGeiersberg

Letterkenny (town, northwestern Ireland) : IrishLeitir Ceanainn

Letterston (village, southwestern Wales) : WelshTreletert

Letzeburg see 2LuxembourgLeubus see LubiR∞Leucarum see LoughorLeunanium see LegnanoLeutensdorf see LitvínovLeuthen see LutyniaLeutschau see LevoVaLeuven see LouvainLéva see LeviceLeverburgh (village, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic An t-Òb; to 1918 ObbeLeverger see Santo Antônio do LevergerLeverville see LusangaLevice (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918, 1938–

1958 Hungarian Léva; to 1867 GermanLewentz

Le Vieux Village see Sainte GenevieveLévis (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : to

1861 Aubigny (In 1989 the town merged withLauzon to form the city of Lévis-Lauzon.)

Lenínváros 114

Levittown see WillingboroLevkás (town, western Greece) : formerly Italian

Santa Maura (The town is on the island of thesame name.)

Levkosía see NicosiaLevoVa (town, north central Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Lâcse; to 1867 German Leutschau1Levski (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1897

Turkish Karaa∑aç2Levski (mountain, north central Bulgaria) : to

1942 AmbaritsaLevskigrad see KarlovoLev Tolstoy (town, western Russia) : to 1927

AstapovoLewentz see LeviceLewes (town, Delaware, northeastern United

States) : to c.1685 ZwaanendaelLewin Brzeski (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German LöwenLewin Kùodski (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German HummelstadtLewis see Isle of LewisLexington (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1713 Cambridge FarmsLexington Park (town, Maryland, northeastern

United States) : to 1950 JarboesvilleLeyden see LeidenLiakoura (mountain, central Greece) : formerly

ParnassusLiatroim see LeitrimLibau see LiepIjaLibava see LiepIjaLiberalitas Julia see ÉvoraLiberec (city, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German ReichenbergLibertador see DajabónLiberty Island (New York, northeastern United

States) : to 1956 Bedloe’s IslandLnbnyah see LibyaLiburnum see LivornoLibya (republic, northern Africa) : [Arabic

Lnbnyah]Licata (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek

PhintiasLichinga (town, northwestern Mozambique) : to

1982 Vila CabralLidzbark (town, north central Poland) : 1772–

1919, 1939–1945 German Lautenburg (The fullname Lidzbark Wielkopolski distinguished thetown from Lidzbark Warmiüski.)

Lidzbark Warmiüski (town, northern Poland) :1772–1945 German Heilsberg

Liebau see LubawkaLiebenau bei Schwiebus see LubrzaLiebenfelde see Zales’yeLiebenthal see Lubomierz

Liebenwerde see KdtyLiège (city, eastern Belgium) : Flemish Luik; for-

merly German Lüttich (English always uses theFrench name, formerly spelled Liége, with anacute accent, and in official use in BelgianFrench until 1946. The city was part of Francefrom 1792 to 1815, part of the Netherlandsfrom 1815 to 1830, and under German occupa-tion in both world wars.)

Liége see LiègeLiegnitz see LegnicaLiepIja (city, western Latvia) : (Russian Liepaya);

1941–1945 German Libau; to 1918 RussianLibava

Liepaya see LiepIjaLier (town, northern Belgium) : French LierreLierre see LierLietuva see LithuaniaLietzenburg see CharlottenburgLievenhof see LnvIniLifudzin see RudnyLiger see LoireLigovo see UritskLiidli Kue see Fort SimpsonLikasi (city, southeastern Democratic Republic

of the Congo) : to 1966 French JadotvilleLikér see Hnú§t’aLikhachyovo see Pervomays’kyyLikhovskoy (town, western Russia) : to 1930

LikhayaLikhvin see ChekalinLilienthal see BettendorfLille (city, northern France) : formerly L’Isle;

earlier Flemish Rijssel; Medieval Latin In-sula

Lillebonne (town, northern France) : RomanJuliobona

Lilybaeum see MarsalaLiman (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1944

DolbanLiman see Krasnyy LymanLimanowa (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945

German IlmenauLimavady (town, northern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Léim an MhadaidhLimbazhi see Limba±iLimba±i (town, northern Latvia) : (Russian Lim-

bazhi); to 1918 German LemsalLimbe (town, southwestern Cameroon) : to 1982

VictoriaLimbourg see LimburgLimburg (province, northeastern Belgium) :

French LimbourgLimeira (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly

Nossa Senhora das Dores de TatuibiLimeira see Joaçaba

115 Limeira

Limerick (town, southwestern Ireland) : IrishLuimneach

Limestone see MaysvilleLimestone Hill see LackawannaLimìn Vathéos see SamosLimoeiro see (1) Limoeiro do Anadia;

(2) Limoeiro do NorteLimoeiro do Anadia (city, northeastern Brazil) :

to 1944 LimoeiroLimoeiro do Norte (city, northeastern Brazil) :

to 1944 LimoeiroLimoges (city, west central France) : Roman

AugustoritumLimonum see PoitiersLimpopo (province, northern South Africa) :

1995–2002 Northern; 1993–1995 NorthernTransvaal

Linares (city, central Chile) : 1794–1875 SanAmbrosio de Linares; to 1794 San Javier de BellaIsla

1Lincoln (city, eastern England) : Roman Lin-dum

2Lincoln (town, Illinois, north central UnitedStates) : to 1853 Postville

3Lincoln (city, Nebraska, central United States) :to 1867 Lancaster

Lincolnwood (village, Illinois, north centralUnited States) : to 1935 Tessville (The village isnow a residential suburb of Chicago.)

Lindiacum see LintgenLindinis see IlchesterLindisfarne (island, northeastern England) : al-

ternate Holy IslandLindsay (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

originally Purdy’s MillsLindum see 1LincolnLinkville see Klamath FallsLinlithgowshire see West LothianLins (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly Albu-

querque Lins; originally Santo Antônio doCampestre

Lintgen (town, south central Luxembourg) :Roman Lindiacum

Linz (city, northern Austria) : Roman LentiaLion, Golfe du (sea inlet, southern France) :

dated English Gulf of Lions; Roman Sinus Gal-licus

Lions, Gulf of see Lion, Golfe duLios Dúin Bhearna see LisdoonvarnaLios Mór see LismoreLios na gCearrbhach see LisburnLios Tuathail see ListowelLipari Islands (southern Italy) : English tradi-

tional Aeolian Islands; Italian Isole Eolie or IsoleLipari; Roman Aeoliae Insulae (Lipari is thelargest island of the group.)

Lipiany (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Lippehne

Lipno (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-man Leipe

Lipótvár see LeopoldovLipová (village, northern Czech Republic) : to

1945 German HainspachLippehne see LipianyLiptószentmiklós see Liptovskï Mikulá§Liptovskï Mikul᧠(city, northern Slovakia) : to

1952 Liptovskï Svätï Mikulá§; to 1918 Hungar-ian Liptószentmiklós

Liptovskï Svätï Mikul᧠see LiptovskïMikulá§

Lisboa see LisbonLisbon (city, western Portugal) : [Portuguese Lis-

boa]; Roman OlisipoLisburn (town, eastern Northern Ireland) : Irish

Lios na gCearrbhachLisdoonvarna (town, western Ireland) : Irish Lios

Dúin BhearnaLisichansk see Lysychans’kLisieux (city, northwestern France) : Roman

NoviomagusLisivka see Ukrains’kLiski (city, western Russia) : 1965–1991 Georgiu-

Dezh; 1943–1965 Liski; 1928–1943 Svoboda(The city first took its present name on ab-sorbing the village of Liski in 1943.)

L’Isle see LilleLismore (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Lios

MórLissa see (1) Leszno; (2) VisLissoy see 3AuburnListowel (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Lios

TuathailLitauen see LithuaniaLiternum see Lago di PatriaLithuania (republic, northwestern Europe) :

[Lithuanian Lietuva]; (Russian Litva); 1941–1944 German Litauen. (None of these namesshould be confused with those of neighboringLatvia.)

Litomfi†ice (town, northern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1938–1945 German Leitmeritz

Litomy§l (town, east central Czech Republic) : to1918, 1939–1945 German Leitomischl

Litovel (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,1939–1945 German Littau

Littau see LitovelLittle Barrier Island (northeastern New Zea-

land) : Maori HauturuLittleborough (village, east central England) :

Roman SegelocumLittle Fort see WaukeganLittle Muddy see 1Williston

Limerick 116

Little Placentia see ArgentiaLittle Rest see 2KingstonLittle Russia see UkraineLittle Thames see 1StratfordLittleton see BradfordLittoria see LatinaLitva see LithuaniaLitvino see SosnovoborskLitvínov (city, northwestern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 German Leutensdorf (Thepresent city was formed in c.1948 from theunion of Horní Litvínov and Dolní Litvínov,formerly German Ober-Leutensdorf andNieder-Leutensdorf.)

Litzmannstadt see úódØLnvIni (town, southeastern Latvia) : to 1917 Ger-

man LievenhofLivermore Falls (town, Maine, northeastern

United States) : to 1930 East LivermoreLiverpool (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) :

to 1759 Port Senior; earlier Port Rossignol; origi-nally Ogumkiqueok

Livingston (town, Montana, northwesternUnited States) : originally Clark’s City

Livingstone see MarambaLivland see LivoniaLivonia (region, Estonia/Latvia) : [German Liv-

land ]Livorno (city, northwestern Italy) : traditional

English Leghorn; Roman LiburnumLivramento see (1) José de Freitas; (2) Livra-

mento do Brumado; (3) Nossa Senhora doLivramento

Livramento do Brumado (city, eastern Brazil) :to 1944 Livramento

Lixus see LaracheLizard, The (peninsula, southwestern England) :

Roman Dumnonium Promontorium; earlierRoman Ocrinum Promontorium

Ljubljana (city, central Slovenia) : 1941–1944Italian Lubiana; to 1918 German Laibach; Me-dieval Latin Labacum; Roman Emona

Ljutomer (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to1918, 1941–1945 German Luttenberg

Llanandras see PresteigneLlanbedr Gwynllwg see Peterstone WentloogLlanbedr Pont Staffan see LampeterLlanbedr-y-fro see Peterston-super-ElyLlanddewi Nant Hodni see LlanthonyLlanddunwyd see Welsh St. DonatsLlandeilo Ferwallt see BishopstonLlandovery (town, southern Wales) : Welsh

LlanymddyfriLlandrillo-yn-Rhos see Rhos-on-SeaLlandudoch see St. DogmaelsLlandyfái see Lamphey

Llanelli (town, northern Wales) : formerly oftenLlanelly

Llanelly see LlanelliLlanelwy see St. AsaphLlanerch Banna see PenleyLlaneurgain see NorthopLlanfair-ym-Muallt see Builth WellsLlanfihangel Troddi see Mitchel TroyLlanfihangel-yng-Ngheri see 2KerryLlanfihangel-y-Pwll see Michaelston-le-PitLlangatwg Nedd see Cadoxton-juxta-NeathLlanilltud Faerdref see Llantwit FardreLlanilltud Fawr see Llantwit MajorLlanilltud Gwyr see IlstonLlansanffraid-ar-Ogwr see St. Brides MinorLlansanffraid-yn-Elfael see Llansantfraed-in-

ElwellLlansantffraed-in-Elwell (village, east central

Wales) : Welsh Llansanffraid-yn-ElfaelLlansawel see Briton FerryLlanthony (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Llanddewi Nant HodniLlantwit Fardre (village, southern Wales) :

Welsh Llanilltud FaerdrefLlantwit Major (town, southern Wales) : Welsh

Llanilltud FawrLlanymddyfri see LlandoveryLlan-y-Tair-Mair see KnelstonLleida see LéridaLleyn (peninsula, northwestern Wales) : Welsh

LlynLlyn see LleynLlyn Tegid see BalaL.M. Kaganovicha, imeni see PopasnaLöbau (town, eastern Germany) : formerly Sor-

bian (Wendish) LubijLöbau see LubawaLoben see Lubliniecúobez (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German LabesLobivka see Yasenivs’kyyLobovka see Yasenivs’kyyLobva (town, west central Russia) : to 1928

Lobinsky ZavodLobvinsky Zavod see LobvaLocarno (town, southern Switzerland) : German

LuggarusLoch Baghasdail see LochboisdaleLochboisdale (village, Western Isles, northwest-

ern Scotland) : Gaelic Loch BaghasdailLoch Garman see WexfordLochmaddy (village, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic Loch nam MadachLochmoor see Grosse Pointe WoodsLoch nam Madach see LochmaddyLocri Epizephyrii see Gerace

117 Locri Epizephyrii

Lâcse see LevoVaLod (city, central Israel) : biblical LyddaLodi (city, California, western United States) : to

1873 Mokelumne StationLodi see Draa EsmarLodz see úódØúódØ (city, central Poland) : 1940–1945 German

Litzmannstadt; 1939–1940 German Lodz; to1915 Russian Lodz’

Lodz’ see úódØLofça see LovechLogan (town, West Virginia, east central United

States) : 1852–1907 Aracoma; to 1852 Lawns-ville

Logan, Mt. (Yukon Territory, northwesternCanada) : formerly Mt. Pierre E. Trudeau (Onthe death in 2000 of Canadian premier PierreE. Trudeau, it was proposed to rename Can-ada’s highest mountain for him. The nameproved controversial, however, and in 2006was instead assigned to an unnamed peak inthe Cariboo Mountains, British Columbia.)

Logstown see AliquippaLoire (river, central and western France) :

Roman LigerLoire-Atlantique (department, western France) :

to 1957 Loire-InférieureLoire-Inférieure see Loire-AtlantiqueLoíza (town, northeastern Puerto Rico) : for-

merly CanóvanasLoket (town, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German ElbogenLombardia see LombardyLombardy (region, north central Italy) : [Italian

Lombardia]Lomonosov (town, western Russia) : to 1948

German OranienbaumLomza see úom∞aúom∞a (town, northeastern Poland) : 1941–1945

German Lomza; 1939–1941 BelarussianLomzha; to 1915 Russian Lomzha; 1795–1807German Lomza

Lomzha see úom∞aLondinium see LondonLondon (city, southeastern England) : Roman

Londinium (London was also known by thehonorific Roman title Augusta. It is not knownwhen the title was conferred but it may havebeen on the occasion of the visit of the em-peror Constantius I in A.D. 306. The originalRoman settlement was established in c. A.D.50.)

Londonderry (city, northern Northern Ireland) :Irish Doire; to 1613 (and still alternate) EnglishDerry (Londonderry, the official name, is pre-ferred by Protestants and Unionists, the latter

supporting the union of Northern Ireland withGreat Britain as part of the United Kingdom,while Derry, without the London prefix, is fa-vored by Catholics and Nationalists or Repub-licans.)

Londres see CatamarcaLong Beach (city, California, southwestern

United States) : to 1888 Willmore CityLongford (town, north central Ireland) : Irish An

LongfortLongobriga see FreixoLongovicium see LanchesterLons-le-Saunier (town, eastern France) : Roman

Ledo SalinariusLopadusa see LampedusaLopasnya see 2ChekhovLopatino see VolzhskLópez de Filippis see Mariscal EstigarribiaLopusha see Georgi DamyanovoLorain (city, Ohio, north central United States) :

1836–1874 Charlestown; to 1836 Black RiverLorca (town, southeastern Spain) : Roman

EliocrocaLord Hood Island see Marutea SouthLorena (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1782 Pôrto

de Guaipacaré; originally Freguesia de NossaSenhora da Aparecida

Lorient (city, western France) : formerly L’OrientL’Orient see LorientLorraine (region, northeastern France) : formerly

German Lothringen; Roman Lotharingia (In1871 the northeastern quarter of the formerprovince of Lorraine was ceded to Germanyand united with Alsace as French Alsace-Lor-raine, German Elsass-Lothringen. The territoryreturned to France in 1919 but was again heldby Germany from 1940 to 1944. Lorraine isnow a department of northeastern France.)

Lorraine see BakerLorsch (town, central Germany) : Roman Lauri-

acumLos Angeles (city, California, southwestern

United States) : to 1850 formally El Pueblo dela Reyna de Los Angeles (The formal name isoften confused with that of the river here, nowknown by the same name as that of the citybut originally called the Porciúncula in honorof Nuestra Señora la Reyna de los Angeles dePorciúncula, “Our Lady the Queen of Angelsof Porciúncula.” This last word, meaning “Lit-tle Portion,” is the title of a chapel near Assisi,Italy. In early years the city was long infor-mally known as simply El Pueblo.)

Losanna see LausanneLosantiville see CincinnatiLosinoostrovskaya see 1Babushkin

Lâcse 118

Losino-Petrovsky (town, western Russia) : to1928 Petrovskaya Sloboda

Loslau see Wodzisùaw ¡lRskiLos Llanos see Santa Rosa de CopánLos Llanos de Santa Rosa see Santa Rosa de

CopánLosonc see LuVenecLotharingia see LorraineLötzen see Gi∞yckoLoubomo (town, southwestern Congo) : to 1975

DolisieLoughor (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Casllw-

chwr; Roman LeucarumLoughrea (town, western Ireland) : Irish Baile

Locha RiachLouisbourg (town, Nova Scotia, southeastern

Canada) : to 1966 LouisburgLouisbourg see HarrisburgLouisburg see LouisbourgLouisburgh (town, western Ireland) : Irish Clu-

ain CearbánLouis-Gentil see YoussoufiaLouis Trichardt see MakhadoLouisville see OttumwaLouny (city, northwestern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German LaunLourenço Marques see MaputoLouth (village, northeastern Ireland) : Irish LúLouvain (city, central Belgium) : Flemish Leuven

(The city is in the Flemish-speaking part ofBelgium but its cultural fame has given itsFrench name preference among English speak-ers. The Catholic University of Louvain is di-vided into two distinct bodies: the KatholiekeUniversiteit te Leuven, in Louvain itself, wherethe language of instruction is Flemish, and theUniversité Catholique de Louvain, in the newtown of Louvain-la-Neuve, some 15 miles tothe southwest, where the language is French.)

Lovech (city, northern Bulgaria) : to 1918 TurkishLofça

Lovich see úowiczLovnidol (village, north central Bulgaria) : for-

merly ChiflikLovran (town, western Croatia) : 1919–1947 Ital-

ian LauranaLowell (city, Massachusetts, northeastern United

States) : to 1826 East ChelmsfordLöwen see Lewin BrzeskiLöwenberg see Lwówek ¡lRskiLöwenhagen see Komsomol’skLöwenstadt see BrzezinyLöwentin see Niegocin, LakeLower Canada see QuebecLower Ferry see QueensferryLower King’s Ferry see Queensferry

úowicz (town, central Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-man Lowitsch; to 1915 Russian Lovich; 1793–1807 German Lowitsch

Lowitsch see úowiczLozengrad see KqrklareliLozno-Aleksandrovka see Lozno-Oleksan-

drivkaLozno-Oleksandrivka (town, eastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Lozno-Aleksandrovka); to mid–1930sOleksandrivka (Russian Aleksandrovka)

Lú see LouthLuanda (city, northern Angola) : formerly Por-

tuguese São Paulo de LuandaLuangwa (town, southeastern Zambia) : for-

merly Portuguese FeiraLuau (town, west central Angola) : 1930s–c.1976

Portuguese Vila Teixeira de SouzaLuba (town, northwestern Equatorial Guinea) :

formerly Spanish San CarlosLubaczów (town, southeastern Poland) : 1939–

1941 Ukrainian Lyubachiv (Russian Lyubachev)Lubaü (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man LaubanLubango (city, southwestern Angola) : to 1975

Portuguese Sá da BandeiraLubawa (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German LöbauLubawka (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German LiebauLübben (town, eastern Germany) : formerly

Wendish (Sorbian) LubinLüben see LubinLubiana see LjubljanaLubiR∞ (village, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German LeubusLubij see LöbauLubin (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German LübenLubin see LübbenLubliniec (town, southern Poland) : 1939–1945

German Loben; to 1921 German LublinitzLublinitz see LubliniecLubnIn see 1LebanonLubomierz (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German LiebenthalLuboml see Lyuboml’Lubrza (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man Liebenau bei SchwiebusLubsko (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man SommerfeldLubumbashi (city, southeastern Democratic Re-

public of the Congo) : to 1966 French Élisa-bethville

Luca see LuccaLucania see BasilicataLucca (city, north central Italy) : Roman Luca

119 Lucca

LuVenec (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918,1938–1945 Hungarian Losonc

Lucentum see AlicanteLucera (town, southeastern Italy) : Roman Luce-

riaLuceria see LuceraLucerna see LucerneLucerne (city, central Switzerland) : German

Luzern; Italian Lucerna (English invariablyprefers the French form of the city’s name.)

Lucerne, Lake (central Switzerland) : [FrenchLac des Quatre Cantons; German Vierwaldstät-ter See; Italian Lago dei Quattro Cantoni] (Thecontinental languages name the lake for thefour Forest Cantons that surround it. Three ofthese, Schwyz, Uri, and Unterwalden, formedthe original alliance of 1291 from which mod-ern Switzerland evolved. English names thelake for Lucerne, which joined the alliance in1332.)

úuck see Luts’kLucus Augusti see LugoLüda see DalianLudchurch (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Yr Eglwys LwydLüderitz (town, southwestern Namibia) : for-

merly Portuguese Angra PequenaLudington (town, Michigan, north central

United States) : to 1871 MarquetteLuditz see ≥ luticeLudlow (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1775 Stony HillLudwigshafen (city, southwestern Germany) : to

1843 RheinschanzeLudwigsort see LadushkinLudza (town, eastern Latvia) : to 1918 Russian

LyutsinLueluz see Conselheiro LafaieteLugano (town, southern Switzerland) : German

Lauis (The town, on the lake of the samename, should not be confused with Locarno,further north on Lake Maggiore.)

Lugansk see (1) Luhans’k; (2) Stanychno-Luhans’ke

Lugdunum see (1) Laon; (2) Leiden; (3) LyonLugdunum Batavorum see LeidenLugdunum Convenarum see St.-Bertrand-de-

CommingesLuggarus see LocarnoLugo (town, northwestern Spain) : Roman Lucus

AugustiLugoj (city, western Romania) : to 1918 Hungar-

ian Lugos; to 1867 German LugoschLugos see LugojLugosch see LugojLugovaya Proleyka see 3Primorsk

Lugovoye see KulanLuguvalium see CarlisleLuhans’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Lu-

gansk); 1970–1990 Voroshylovhrad (RussianVoroshilovgrad ); 1958–1970 Luhans’k (RussianLugansk); 1935–1958 Voroshylovhrad (RussianVoroshilovgrad)

Luhans’k see Stanychno-Luhans’keLuik see LiègeLuimneach see LimerickLuís Correia (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1939

Portuguese AmarraçãoLukiv (town, northwestern Ukraine) : (Russian

Lukov); to 1946 Matseyiv (Russian Matseyevo)Lukov see LukivLüleburgaz (town, northwestern Turkey) : 1920–

1922 modern Greek Arkadioúpolis; to 1913 Bul-garian Lyule-Burgas

Luling see Ji’anLuluabourg see KanangaLumbala N’guimbo (town, southeastern An-

gola) : to 1975 Portuguese Gago CoutinhoLumby (village, British Columbia, southwestern

Canada) : to 1894 White ValleyLundenburg see B†eclavLuninets (town, southern Belarus) : 1919–1939

Polish úuniniecúuniniec see LuninetsLunino (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945

German Hohensalzburg; to 1938 German Leng-wethen

Lun’yevka (town, west central Russia) : to c.1928Lun’yevskiye Kopi

Lun’yevskiye Kopi see Lun’yevkaLupatia see AltamuraLuperón (town, northern Dominican Republic)

: to 1927 BlancoLupiae see LecceLupilichi (town, northwestern Mozambique) :

to 1980 Portuguese OlivençaLurgan (town, east central Northern Ireland) :

Irish An LorgainLusanga (town, southwestern Democratic Re-

public of the Congo) : to 1972 French Lev-erville

Lusatia (region, eastern Germany) : [GermanLausitz]

Lusavan see Ch’arents’avanLüshun (city, northeastern China) : traditional

English Port Arthur; 1905–1945 Japanese Ryo-jun (The English name is associated with theJapanese victory over the Russians here in 1905during the Russo-Japanese War.)

Lusitania see PortugalLü-ta see DalianLutetia see 1Paris

LuVenec 120

úutselk’e (village, Northwest Territories, centralCanada) : to 1999 Snowdrift

Lutsk see Luts’kLuts’k (city, northwestern Ukraine) : (Russian

Lutsk); 1919–1939 Polish úuck (The Russianname is historically associated with the fight-ing between Austrian and Russian forces inand around the fortified town during WorldWar I.)

Luttenberg see LjutomerLüttich see LiègeLutynia (village, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Leuthen (The German name is associ-ated with the Prussian defeat of Austria in1757 during the Seven Years’ War.)

1Luxembourg (grand duchy, western Europe) :German Luxemburg (The German spelling ofthe name is sometimes used to avoid undueFrench emphasis.)

2Luxembourg (city, south central Luxembourg) :[Luxemburgian Letzeburg]

Luxemburg see 1LuxembourgLuxor (town, northern Egypt) : [Arabic Al-

Qusur]Luzern see LucerneL≠zhene see MalchikaLuzhou see HefeiLuziânia (city, central Brazil) : to 1944 Santa

LuziaLuzilândia (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Pôrto AlegreL’viv (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian L’vov);

1941–1944 German Lemberg; 1919–1941 PolishLwów; to 1918 German Lemberg; MedievalLatin Leopolis (The German name was promi-nent for the scene of fighting between Austrianand Russian forces in World War I.)

L’vov see L’vivLwów see L’vivLwówek (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man Neustadt bei PinneLwówek ¡lRski (town, western Poland) : to 1945

German LöwenbergLyakhivtsi see BilohiryaLyakhovtsy see BilohiryaLyallpur see FaisalabadLyandvarovo see LentvarisLychidnos see OhridLyck see EùkLycopolis see AsyutLydda see LodLykhachive see Pervomays’kyyLyman see Krasnyy LymanLympne (village, southeastern England) : Roman

Portus LemanisLynchville see 2Rome

Lyndon Village see CaribouLynn (town, Massachusetts, northeastern United

States) : to 1637 SaugusLynn see King’s LynnLynn Regis see King’s LynnLyon (city, southeastern France) : conventional

English Lyons; Roman Lugdunum (A moreclassical form of the Roman name is Lugudu-num, recorded for an unlocated site in En-gland, perhaps in the north of the country.The French city’s full formal Roman title wasColonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum.)

Lyons see LyonLysa Hora see ShevchenkoLysaya Gora see ShevchenkoLysychans’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Lisichansk)Lyttelton (town, southeastern New Zealand) : to

1858 Port CooperLyubachev see LubaczówLyubachiv see LubachówLyubinsky (town, southern Russia) : to 1947 No-

volyubinoLyuboml’ (town, northwestern Ukraine) : 1919–

1939 Polish LubomlLyudvipol’ see SosnoveLyudvypil’ see SosnoveLyuksemburg see (1) Bolnisi; (2) RozivkaLyuksemburgi see BolnisiLyule-Burgas see LüleburgazLyutsin see LudzaMaarianhamina (town, southwestern Finland) :

to 1809 Swedish Mariehamn (The town is inÅland, where the predominance of Swedishmeans that its Swedish name is preferred.)

Maas see MeuseMaastricht (town, southeastern Netherlands) :

Roman Trajectum ad Mosam (The Romanname locates the town at a crossing of theMeuse, just as Utrecht arose by a ford over theRhine.)

Macabu see Conceição de MacabuMacaloge (town, northwestern Mozambique) :

to 1976 MirandaMacapá see Peri MirimMacarsca see MakarskaMacassar see Ujung PandangMacatuba (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

BocaiúvaMacaubal (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

MacaúbasMacaúbas see MacaubalMcCarty’s Mills see 2AuroraMcClelland’s Station see 2GeorgetownMcCook (town, Nebraska, central United States)

: originally Fairview

121 McCook

McDonald’s Bridge see OneontaMacedonia (republic, southern Europe) : [Mace-

donian Makedonija] (When Macedonia se-ceded fromYugoslavia in 1992, neighboringGreece objected to its name, claiming it exclu-sively for its northern region. Macedonia ac-cordingly joined the United Nations in 1993 asthe Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, aname acceptable to Greece. The first twowords were later dropped, giving Republic ofMacedonia as a name of continuing concern toGreece. The matter was addressed by theWorld Council of Hellenes Abroad in a full-page ad headed “What’s in a Name?” in theLondon Times of April 2, 2008.*)

Maceriae see MézièresMacguire’s Punt see SheppartonMachaire Fíolta see MagherafeltMcHattiesburg see BalfourMachigonne see PortlandMacías Nguema Biyogo see BiokoMackeim see Maków MazowieckiMackensen see OrlyakMcKinley, Mt. (Alaska, northwestern United

States) : alternate (Koyukon) Denali (In 1975the Alaska legislature officially adopted thename Denali for the mountain and a bill wasintroduced to Congress on the matter in 1977.See James Kari, “The Tenada-Denali-MountMcKinley Controversy,” in Names, Vol. 84,No. 3, September 1986, pp. 347–351.)

Macleod see Fort MacleodMcLoughlin, Mt. (Oregon, northwestern

United States) : formerly Mt. PittMacMahon see Aïn ToutaMacomb (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1830 Washington

Macon (city, Georgia, southeastern UnitedStates) : to 1823 Newtown

Mâcon (city, east central France) : Roman MatiscoMacoraba see MeccaMacPherson see KapuskasingMacroom (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish

Maigh ChromthaMadagascar (island republic, western Indian

Ocean) : 1960–1975 Malagasy RepublicMadang (town, north central Papua New

Guinea) : originally German Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen

Madauros see M’daourouchMadhya Pradesh (state, central India) : to 1947

Central Provinces and BerarMadinat ash Sha’b (town, southwestern Yemen)

: to 1967 al-IttihadMadison (town, New Jersey, northeastern United

States) : to 1834 Bottle HillMadison see 3OrangeMadona (town, east central Latvia) : formerly

German ModohnMadras see (1) Chennai; (2) Tamil NaduMadre de Deus see Brejo da Madre de DeusMaeander see MenderesMaenam see Chao PhrayaMaenorbyr see ManorbierMaeotis Palus see Azov, Sea ofMaerun see MarshfieldMaes-glas see GreenfieldMaesyfed see New RadnorMafeking see MafikengMafikeng (town, northern South Africa) : to

1980 Mafeking (The former spelling becamewidely known from a famous Boer War siegehere. The announcement of the town’s reliefby British troops on May 17, 1900 brought

McDonald’s Bridge 122

*The following is a transcript of the text:Why is the Macedonian question so delicate and complex? The term “Macedonia” is not exclusively related to a specific

state. Rather, it has always been used to delineate a wider geographical area, approximately 51 percent of which is part of Greece,37 percent is in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 11 percent in Bulgaria and 1 percent in Albania. The choice of onestate alone to monopolize the name “Macedonia”—the largest part of which lies outside its borders—neither reflects geographi-cal and political reality, nor contributes to stability in the Balkans.

Why does Greece oppose the name “Republic of Macedonia”? “Republic of Macedonia,” or just “Macedonia,” fails to solvethe problem, as it does not distinguish the new country from the Northern Greek region of Macedonia, or from the parts of thewider Macedonia, which are also in Bulgaria and Albania. Furthermore, it is associated with the argument for the unificationof “Greater Macedonia”—a policy conceived by Stalin and Tito and pursued by the leadership in FYROM to the present day.The name is therefore linked with an ongoing policy that foresees territorial claims to a part of Greek teritory, that has had aGreek identity for more than three millennia, and is associated with immense pain and suffering by the peoples in the region.

Why does Greece favor a compound name? Greece unlike FYROM has made great strides to try and resolve the name issueunder U.N. auspices and has gone more than half-way to find a solution. It has sat at the negotiating table since 1995 and hasshown willingness to consider a compound name such as “North Macedonia,” which includes the term “Macedonia” but attachesan adjective to it to distinguish it from the Greek province with the same name. This is sensible, reasonable and fair for bothsides. A win-win situation.

Why is it time to end the debate? Today, the conditions for achieving a breakthrough are better than ever. Greece is the sin-gle largest investor in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). Athens supports FYROM’s bids for NATO andEU membership, but this crucial issue must be resolved first. Alliances and partnerships can only be fostered among countries ifthere is good will, mutual trust and good neighbourly relations.

scenes of riotous revelry in London and re-sulted in the temporary coining of the verbmaffick to mean “to celebrate joyously.”)

Magallanes see Punta ArenasMagdalena Island see Fatu HivaMagherafelt (town, central Northern Ireland) :

Irish Machaire FíoltaMaghnia (town, northwestern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French MarniaMagnesia see ManisaMagnus Portus see 1PortsmouthMaguntan-hama see PugachyovoMagyarkanizsa see Kanji±aMagyarország see HungaryMagyaróvár (former town, northwestern Hun-

gary) : to 1867 German Ungarisch-Altenburg(In 1945 the town combined with Moson toform the city of Mosonmagyaróvár.)

Mahabad (town, northwestern Iran) : to 1930sSaujbulagh

Mahilyow (city, eastern Belarus) : (RussianMogilyov); to 1918 Russian Mogilyov

Mahón (town, eastern Balearic Islands, Spain) :traditional English Port Mahon; Roman PortusMagonis

Mährisch-Budwitz see Moravské BudfijoviceMährisch-Kromau see Moravskï KrumlovMährisch-Ostrau see OstravaMährisch-Schönberg see ¶umperkMährisch-Trübau see Moravská T†ebováMährisch-Weisskirchen see 1HraniceMahto see PierreMaidstone see 1East HamptonMaigh Chromtha see MacroomMaighean Rátha see MountrathMaigh Eo see MayoMaigh Nuad see MaynoothMaimachin see AltanbulagMain Camp see West WyalongMai-Ndombe, Lake (western Democratic Re-

public of the Congo) : to 1973 Lake LeopoldMainistir Fhear Maí see FermoyMainistir Laoise see AbbeyleixMainistir na Búille see BoyleMainistir na Corann see MidletonMainland (island, Orkney Islands, northern

Scotland) : alternate literary PomonaMainz (city, western Germany) : 1792–1793,

1797–1816, 1918–1930 French Mayence; RomanMogontiacum (The French name was long theusual form in English.)

Mairiporã (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1948Juqueri

Maison Blanche see (1) Casablanca; (2) Dar elBeida

Maison-Carrée see El Harrach

Maisons-Laffitte (town, northern France) : for-merly Maisons-sur-Seine. (The town, whichadded the name of a French banker in the 19thcentury, is now a Paris suburb.)

Maisons-sur-Seine see Maisons-LaffitteMaitland (city, New South Wales, southeastern

Australia) : originally Wallis Plains (The citywas formed in 1944 when the two towns ofEast Maitland, earlier Maitland and originallyWallis Plains, and West Maitland, originallyMolly Morgan’s Plains, combined with nearbyMorpeth.)

Majorca (island, central Balearic Islands, westernMediterranean) : [Spanish Mallorca]

Major Isidoro (town, northeastern Brazil) : to1944 Sertãozinho

Makanza (town, northwestern Democratic Re-public of the Congo) : to 1972 French NouvelleAnvers

Makarov (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Shiritoru

Makarska (town, southern Croatia) : to 1918Italian Macarsca

Makedonija see MacedoniaMakeyevka see MakiyivkaMakhachkala (city, southwestern Russia) : 1857–

1922 Petrovsk-Port; to 1857 PetrovskoyeMakhado (town, northeastern South Africa) : to

2003 Louis TrichardtMakharadze see Ozurget’iMakhlata see PelovoMakhmuzlii see Todor IkonomovoMakhnivka see 2Komsomol’s’keMakhnovka see 2Komsomol’s’keMakhsudabad see MurshidabadMakinka see MakinskMakinsk (city, northern Kazakhstan) : to 1944

MakinkaMakiyivka (city, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Makeyevka); 1920–1931 Dmytriyevs’k (Rus-sian Dmitriyevsk)

Makkah see MeccaMakov see Maków MazowieckiMaków Mazowiecki (town, east central Poland)

: 1940–1945 German Mackeim; to 1915 RussianMakov

Mala see MallowMalabo (town, northwestern Equatorial Guinea)

: to 1973 Spanish Santa IsabelMalaca see MálagaMalacka see MalackyMalacky (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-

garian MalackaMaladzyechna (town, west central Belarus) :

(Russian Molodechno); 1919–1939 PolishMoùodeczno; to 1918 Russian Molodechno

123 Maladzyechna

Málaga (city, northern Spain) : Roman MalacaMalagasy Republic see MadagascarMalahide (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Mullach

ÍdeMalatya (city, east central Turkey) : ancient

Greek MeliteneMalawi (republic, southeastern Africa) : to 1964

NyasalandMalawi, Lake (southeastern Africa) : alternate

Lake NyasaMalaya see MalaysiaMalaya Znamenka see Kam’yanka-

Dniprovs’kaMalay Peninsula (southeastern Asia) : Roman

Chersonesus Aurea (The Roman name trans-lates as Golden Chersonese, as which the penin-sula was at one time known to English speak-ers. Chersonesus is a name of Greek originapplied to various European peninsulas, one ofthe best known being the Crimea.)

Malaysia (independent country, southeasternAsia) : to 1963 Malaya (The former federationof Malaya, comprising nine states on theMalay peninsula, became independent in 1957and in 1963 combined with three other statesto form the federation of Malaysia.)

Mala Znam’yanka see Kam’yanka-Dniprovs’ka

Malbergen see GeorgsmarienhütteMalbork (city, northern Poland) : 1772–1945

German MarienburgMalchika (village, northern Bulgaria) : to 1950

L≠zheneMalebo Pool (southwestern Democratic Repub-

lic of the Congo) : to 1972 Stanley PoolMalema (town, north central Mozambique) :

1921–1980 Portuguese Entre RiosMaleventum see BeneventoMali (republic, western Africa) : 1958–1960 Su-

danese Republic; 1920–1958 French SudanMalines see MechlinMalinovoye Ozero (town, southern Russia) :

formerly MikhaylovskyMalko TQrnovo (town, southeastern Bulgaria) :

to 1913 Turkish TqrnovaMalles Venosta (village, northern Italy) : to 1919

German MalsMallorca see MajorcaMallow (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish

MalaMallwen see MayskoyeMallwischken see MayskoyeMalo (island, north central Vanuatu) : formerly

Bartholomew IslandMalobaranivka see IvanivkaMalobaranovka see Ivanivka

Malokuril’skoye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japanese Shakotan

Malpaís see San Nicolás de Buenos AiresMals see Malles VenostaMalta (island republic, central Mediterranean) :

Roman and biblical MelitaMalton (town, northern England) : Roman Der-

ventio (The Roman name was that of the Der-went River here.)

Maùuowice (village, southwestern Poland) : to1945 German Mollwitz

Malvérnia see ChicualacualaMalvinas, Islas see Falkland IslandsMaly Taymyr (island, northern Russia) : to

c.1918 Tsarevicha AlekseyaMamonovo (town, western Russia) : to 1945

German HeiligenbeilMamucium see 1ManchesterMan, Isle of (Irish Sea, British Isles) : Roman

Monapia (The Roman name, which may origi-nally have been Manavia, derives from a rootmeaning simply “mountain,” as for Anglesey,but here referring to the island’s central moun-tain of Snaefell.)

Manáos see ManausManaus (city, northwestern Brazil) : 1850–1939

Manáos; formerly Villa da Barra; originally SãoJosé do Rio Negrinho

Manavia see Man, Isle ofMancetter (village, central England) : Roman

Manduessedum1Manchester (city, northwestern England) :

Roman Mamucium (The Roman name waslong misspelled Mancunium, giving “Mancun-ian” as the adjectival form of the city’s name.)

2Manchester (city, New Hampshire, northeast-ern United States) : 1751–1810 Derryfield; ear-lier Tyngstown; originally Old Harry’s Town

Manchester see (1) College Park; (2) Virden;(3) Yazoo City

Manchukuo see ManchuriaManchuria (historical region, northeastern

China) : alternate Chinese Dongbei; 1932–1945Manchukuo

Mandala, Mt. (eastern Indonesia) : formerly Ju-liana Top

Mandidzuzure see ChimanimaniManduessedum see MancetterManduria see IonioMangaung see BloemfonteinMangoche (town, southern Malawi) : to 1964

Fort JohnstonManguaba see 1PilarMangush see PershotravneveManhattan (city, Kansas, central United States) :

to 1856 Boston

Málaga 124

Manhattan see New YorkManhush see PershotravneveManica (town, western Mozambique) : to 1976

Portuguese Vila PeryManihiki (atoll, northern Cook Islands) : for-

merly Humphrey IslandManiitsoq (village, southwestern Greenland) :

formerly Danish SukkertoppenManisa (city, western Turkey) : ancient Greek

MagnesiaManitou (village, Manitoba, central Canada) : to

1881 Manitou CityManitou City see ManitouManorbier (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

MaenorbyrManorhamilton (town, northwestern Ireland) :

Irish CluainínManra (island, central Kiribati) : formerly Sydney

IslandMansa (town, northern Zambia) : to 1964 Fort

RoseberyMansfield (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1702 Ponde TownMantes-Gassicourt see Mantes-la-JolieMantes-la-Jolie (city, northern France) : for-

merly Mantes-Gassicourt; Medieval LatinMedanta

Mantova see MantuaMantua (city, northern Italy) : [Italian Mantova]

(English has preserved the Roman name of thecity.)

1Manuae (atoll, southeastern Cook Islands) : for-merly Hervey Island

2Manuae (atoll, northwestern French Polynesia) :formerly Scilly Island

Manuel Urbano (town, western Brazil) : to 1944Portuguese Castelo

Manyame, Lake (north central Zimbabwe) : for-merly Lake Robertson

Manzini (city, central Swaziland) : to 1960 Bre-mersdorp

Manzovka see SibirtsevoMao (city, northwestern Dominican Republic) :

to 1959 ValverdeMaoka see KholmskMaputo (city, southern Mozambique) : to 1976

Portuguese Lourenço MarquesMaracaibo (city, northwestern Venezuela) : orig-

inally Nueva ZamoraMaraisburg see HofmeyrMarakanda see SamarkandMáramarossziget see Sighetu-Marma´ieiMaramba (city, southern Zambia) : alternate

LivingstoneMarandellas see MaronderaMarathus see Amrit

Marawi (city, southern Philippines) : formerlyDansalan

Marburg see MariborMarchand see RommaniMarche (region, central Italy) : traditional En-

glish The Marches (The English name for aborder country is found elsewhere, as theWelsh Marches between England and Wales.)

Marchena, Isla (island, northern Galápagos Is-lands, Ecuador) : formerly Bindloe Island

Marches, The see MarcheMarchlewsk see DovbyshMarcodurum see DürenMare Adriaticum see Adriatic SeaMare Cantabricum see Biscay, Bay ofMarechal Deodoro (city, northeastern Brazil) :

to 1939 AlagoasMarechal Floriano see PiranhasMareeba (town, Queensland, northeastern Aus-

tralia) : originally Granite CreekMare Germanicum see North SeaMare Internum see Mediterranean SeaMarek see DupnitsaMare Mortuum see Dead SeaMarengo see HadjoutMare Nostrum see Mediterranean SeaMare Rubrum see Red SeaMarganets see (1) Marhanets’; (2) ZhezdyMargecany (town, east central Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian MargitfaluMarggrabowa see OleckoMargherita, Lake see Abaya, LakeMargitfalu see MargecanyMarhanets’ (city, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Marganets); c.1926–1938 Komintern; toc.1926 Horodyshche (Russian Gorodishche)

Mari (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 AraçáMariana (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly

Vila de AlbuquerqueMariana Islands (western Pacific) : to 1668

Ladrones IslandsMariánské Láznfi (town, western Czech Repub-

lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German MarienbadMaria Pereira see MombaçaMaria Rast see Ru§eMaria-Theresiopel see SuboticaMari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

see Mari ElMaribor (city, northern Slovenia) : to 1945 Ger-

man MarburgMaridunum see CarmarthenMariehamn see MaarianhaminaMari El (republic, western Russia) : to 1992 Mari

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (The sec-ond word of the present name is Mari el,“land.”)

125 Mari El

Marienbad see Mariánské LáznfiMarienburg see (1) Al¨ksne; (2) MalborkMarienhausen see Vi lakaMarienhof see NikitovkaMariental see 1SovetskoyeMarienwerder see KwidzynMarignano see MelegnanoMariinskoye see Mar’yevkaMariinsk Water System see Volga-Baltic Wa-

terwayMarijampolc (city, southern Lithuania) : (Rus-

sian Mariyampole) 1955–1989 KapsukasMarino see 2Leninsky1Marion (city, Ohio, north central United States)

: to 1822 Jacob’s Well2Marion (town, Alabama, southeastern United

States) : originally Muckle RidgeMariscal Estigarribia (town, northern Paraguay)

: to 1945 López de FilippisMaritsa see (1) Ognyanovo; (2) Simeonov-

gradMariupol’ (city, southeastern Ukraine) : 1948–

1989 Russian ZhdanovMariyampole see MarijampolcMark Creek Crossing see KimberleyMarkhlevsk see DovbyshMärkisch Friedland see MirosùawiecMarkovo (town, western Russia) : to 1940

Markovo-SbornoyeMarkovo-Sbornoye see MarkovoMarks (city, western Russia) : 1920–1941

Marksshtadt; to 1920 Yekaterinenshtadt (Theformer names are Russian forms of the respec-tive German names Marxstadt, “Marx city,”and Katharinenstadt, “Catherine city.” The re-gion here was settled in the 18th century byGermans invited by decree of Catherine theGreat and from 1924 to 1941, in the USSR,was organized as the Volga German Autono-mous Soviet Socialist Republic, with capitalat Engel’s, 30 miles down the Volga River.)

Marksshtadt see MarksMarmara, Sea of (northwestern Turkey) : an-

cient Greek Propontis (The sea’s Greek namemeans “before the sea,” as it lies on the routeto the Black Sea via the Bosporus.)

Marmaroschsiget see Sighetu-Marma´ieiMarne (river, northeastern France) : Roman Ma-

tronaMarneuli (city, southern Georgia) : to 1947 Bor-

chaloMarnia see MaghniaMaroc see MoroccoMarondera (city, east central Zimbabwe) : to

1982 MarandellasMarosvásárhely see Târgu Mure£

Marquês de Valença (city, southeastern Brazil) :to 1943 Portuguese Valença

Marquette (town, Michigan, north centralUnited States) : originally Worcester

Marquette see LudingtonMarracuene (town, southern Mozambique) : to

1975 Portuguese Vila LuísaMarruás see PôrtoMarsala (town, southern Italy) : Roman Lily-

baeumMarsa Matruh (town, northwestern Egypt) :

Roman ParaetoniumMarseille (city, southern France) : conventional

English Marseilles, Roman Massilia; ancientGreek Massalia (The r in the French name issaid to have entered by association with theRoman god Mars.)

Marseilles see MarseilleMarshfield (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

MaerunMarshfield see Coos BayMarthasville see AtlantaMartil (town, northwestern Morocco) : formerly

Spanish Río MartínMartimprey-du-Kiss see AhfirMartin (city, northwestern Slovakia) : formerly

TurViansky Svätï Martin; to 1918 HungarianTurócszentmárton

Martinsborough see 1GreenvilleMartins Ferry (town, Ohio, north central

United States) : formerly Martinsville; origi-nally Jefferson

Martin’s Point see CampbelltonMartinsville see Martins FerryMartvili (town, western Georgia) : 1939–1991

GegechkoriMartynovka see Bol’shaya MartynovkaMartyropolis see SilvanMarutea North (atoll, central French Polynesia) :

formerly Furneaux IslandMarutea South (atoll, southeastern French Poly-

nesia) : formerly Lord Hood IslandMarvão see Castelo do PiauíMarxwalde see NeuhardenbergMary (city, southeastern Turkmenistan) : to 1937

Russian Merv (The present city was foundedin 1884 and took its name from the ancientcity of Merv, 19 miles to the east.)

Maryborough (town, Victoria, southeasternAustralia) : originally Simson’s Ranges

Maryborough see Port LaoiseMar’yevka (village, northern Kazakhstan) : to

1939 Russian MariinskoyeMar’yino see Pristen’Maryport (town, northwestern England) :

Roman Alauna (The Roman fort stood at the

Marienbad 126

mouth of the Ellen River here and was namedfor it.)

Marystown (town, Newfoundland and Labra-dor, eastern Canada) : formerly Mortier Bay

Marysville see CorvallisMás Afuera see Alejandro SelkirkMás a Tierra see Robinson CrusoeMason City (city, Iowa, north central United

States) : formerly Masonic Grove; earlier Shib-boleth

Masonic Grove see Mason CityMassa-Carrar (province, central Italy) : c.1938–

1945 ApuaniaMassacre Island see Dauphin IslandMassalia see MarseilleMassawa (former administrative region, central

and southeastern Eritrea) : to 1941 ItalianBassopiano Orientale

Massilia see MarseilleMassow see MaszewoMasuren see MasuriaMasuria (region, northeastern Poland) : [Polish

Mazury]; formerly German MasurenMasvingo (town, south central Zimbabwe) :

1980–1982 Nyanda; to 1980 Fort VictoriaMaszewo (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German MassowMata Grande (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1939

Portuguese Paulo AffonsoMatala (town, southwestern Angola) : formerly

Portuguese Artur de PaivaMatamoros (city, northeastern Mexico) : alter-

nate Heroica Matamoros; to 1851 San Juan delos Esteros

Matau see CluthaMataúna see Palmeiras de GoiásMatisco see MâconMatões see ParnaramaMatrona see MarneMatrosovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German UggehnenMatseyevo see LukivMatseyiv see LukivMatsumae (town, northern Japan) : to 1930s

FukuyamaMatterhorn (mountain, northwestern Italy/

southern Switzerland) : French Mont Cervin;Italian Monte Cervino (English prefers theGerman name.)

Mattersburg (town, eastern Austria) : to 1924Mattersdorf; to 1919 Hungarian Nagymárton

Mattersdorf see MattersburgMauch Chunk see Jim ThorpeMaura Gefura see UzunköprüMauretania see MautitaniaMauritania (republic, western Africa) : formerly

French Mauritanie (The name is also an alter-nate spelling for Mauretania, the ancient re-gion of northern Africa that was the locationof the Roman provinces of Mauretania Cae-sariensis and Mauretania Tingitana.)

Mauritanie see MauritaniaMauritius (island state, eastern Indian Ocean) :

1721–1810 Ïle de FranceMauritius, Cape see Zhelaniya, CapeMauritzstad see RecifeMavromati (village, southern Greece) : ancient

Greek MesseneMawlamyine (city, southeastern Myanmar) :

conventional MoulmeinMaxambamba see Nova IguaçuMayagüez (city, western Puerto Rico) : originally

Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de MayagüezMayakovsky see Baghdat’iMayence see MainzMaynesborough see 2BerlinMaynooth (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Maigh

NuadMayo (county, northwestern Ireland) : Irish

Maigh EoMayskoye (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945

German Mallwen; to 1938 German Mallwisch-ken

Maysville (town, Kentucky, east central UnitedStates) : originally Limestone

Mazagan see El JadidaMa±eikiai (city, northwestern Lithuania) : to

1918 Russian Murav’yovoMazovetsk see Wysokie MazowieckieMazsalaca (town, northern Latvia) : to 1917 Ger-

man SalisburgMazury see MasuriaMazyr (town, southeastern Belarus) : (Russian

Mozyr’); 1919–1939 Polish Mozyrz; to 1918Russian Mozyr’

Mbala (town, northeastern Zambia) : to 1968Abercorn

Mbalabala (town, southwestern Zimbabwe) : to1982 Balla Balla

Mbandaka (town, western Democratic Republicof the Congo) : to 1966 French Coquilhatville

Mbanza-Congo (town, northwestern Angola) :to 1980 São Salvador do Congo

Mbanza-Ngungu (town, western DemocraticRepublic of the Congo) : to 1966 FrenchThysville

Mberengwa (town, southern Zimbabwe) : to1982 Belingwe

1Mbini (river, eastern Equatorial Guinea) : for-merly Spanish Río Benito

2Mbini (region, eastern Equatorial Guinea) : al-ternate Spanish Río Muni

127 Mbini

Mbuji-Mayi (city, south central Democratic Re-public of the Congo) : to 1966 Bakwanga

Mchinji (town, western Malawi) : to c.1966 FortManning

M’daourouch (village, northeastern Algeria) :ancient Greek Madauros

Meath (county, eastern Ireland) : Irish An MhíMeathas Troim see EdgeworthstownMeaux (city, northern France) : Roman LatinumMecca (city, western Saudi Arabia) : [Arabic

Makkah]; ancient Greek MacorabaMechanics Grove see MundeleinMechanicsham see GretnaMechelen see MechlinMechlin (city, northern Belgium) : [Flemish

Mechelen; French Malines]Mechtal see MiechowiceMecklenburg see ShepherdstownMedanta see Mantes-la-JolieMedeia see MidyeMedgyes see Media£Media Atropatene see AzerbaijanMedia£ (city, central Romania) : to 1918 Hungar-

ian Medgyes; to 1867 German MediaschMediasch see Media£Medina (city, western Saudi Arabia) : [Arabic Al

Madnnah]; formerly Arabic Yathrib (The Ara-bic name, meaning simply “the city,” is ashort form of Madnnat an-Nabiy, “city of theprophet,” to which the name was changed fol-lowing the arrival of Muhammad here in A.D.622 in flight from Mecca.)

Mediolanum see (1) Évreux; (2) Milan;(3) 1Whitchurch

Mediolanum Santonum see SaintesMediomatricum see MetzMediterranean Sea (between Europe, Asia, and

Africa) : Roman Mare Internum; alternateRoman Mare Nostrum (The sea borders Ara-bic-speaking countries in Asia and Africa andits Arabic names include Al Ba∏r al-Abyaö,“the white sea,” Al Ba∏r al-Mutawassi™, “themiddle sea,” and Al Ba∏r ar-R¨m, “the sea ofRome.” In Turkey, to the northeast, the seais known as Akdeniz, “white sea,” like theArabs.)

Medma see RosarnoMednogorsk (city, southwestern Russia) : to

1939 MednyMedny see MednogorskMedvezh’ya Gora see Medvezh’yegorskMedvezh’yegorsk (town, northwestern Russia) :

to 1938 Medvezh’ya Gora; formerly FinnishKarhumäki

Medvode (town, central Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger-man Zwischenwässern

Medzilaborce (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918Hungarian Mezâlaborc

Meeks Field see Keflavík FieldMeftah (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French RivetMegisti see KastellorizonMegrut see Gugark’Mehlauken see Zales’yeMehomie see RazlogMeirionnydd see MerionethMeklong see Samut SongkhramMelbourne (city, Florida, southeastern United

States) : originally Crane CreekMelegnano (town, northern Italy) : formerly

MarignanoMelekess see 2DimitrovgradMelenik see MelnikMelfort (town, Saskatchewan, south central

Canada) : to 1904 Stoney CreekMelilla (city, northern Morocco) : formerly Ara-

bic Russ Adir (The city has been a Spanishpossession since 1497.)

Melita see MaltaMelitene see MalatyaMelitopol’ (town, southern Ukraine) : to 1841

Novooleksandrivka (Russian Novo-Aleksan-drovka

Melnik (city, southwestern Bulgaria) : to 1913Turkish Melenik

Melnik see MfilníkMfilník (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 German MelnikMelodunum see MelunMelsetter see ChimanimaniMelun (town, northern France) : Roman Melo-

dunumMelville Island (Northern Territory, northern

Australia) : Aboriginal YermalnerMemel see KlaipcdaMemmate see MendeMemphis (historic city, northern Egypt) : bibli-

cal Noph (The ancient city is now partly cov-ered by the modern village of Mit Rahina.)

Menai Bridge (town, northwestern Wales) :Welsh Porthaethwy

Menai Strait (northwestern Wales) : Welsh YFenai

Menapia see St. David’sMende (town, southern France) : Roman Mem-

mateMendeleyevsk (town, western Russia) : to 1967

Bondyuzhsky1Menderes (river, western Turkey) : ancient

Greek Maeander (The river, also known asBüyükmenderes, “Great Menderes,” for distinc-tion from 2Menderes, was famous in ancient

Mbuji-Mayi 128

legend for its wanderings and its Greek namegave English meander.)

2Menderes (river, northwestern Turkey) : ancientGreek Scamander (The river is also known asKüçükmenderes, “Little Menderes,” for distinc-tion from 1Menderes.)

Menen (town, southwestern Belgium) : FrenchMenin

Ménerville see TheniaMenevia see St. David’sMenin see MenenMenongue (town, south central Angola) : to

1975 Portuguese Serpa PintoMenorca see MinorcaMenotomy see 2ArlingtonMentana (town, western Italy) : Roman Nomen-

tumMenton (town, southeastern France) : formerly

Italian MentoneMentone see MentonMenunketuck see GuilfordMenzel Bourguiba (town, northern Tunisia) : to

1963 French FerryvilleMeran see MeranoMerano (town, northern Italy) : to 1918 German

MeranMercedes (city, west central Argentina) : to 1861

Fuerte ConstitucionalMeredith Bridge see LaconiaMerény see Vondri§elMérida (town, southwestern Spain) : Roman

Emerita AugustaMerioneth (county, western Wales) : Welsh

Meirionnydd (The county was abolished in1974 and the Welsh name alone is now that ofan administrative district.)

Meriti Station see Duque de CaxiasMerlin’s Bridge (village, southwestern Wales) :

Welsh Pont Myrddin (The village is now essen-tially a suburb of Haverfordwest. The apparentname of the Arthurian wizard Merlin is a cor-ruption of Mary Magdalen, to whom a formerchapel here was dedicated.)

Merlo (city, eastern Argentina) : originally Villade San Antonio del Camino (The city is now asuburb of Buenos Aires.)

Merouana (town, northeastern Algeria) : toc.1962 French Corneille

Merrittsville see WellandMerry Mount see 2QuincyMerthyr Tudful see Merthyr TydfilMerthyr Tydfil (town, southern Wales) : Welsh

Merthyr TudfulMerthyr Vale (village, southern Wales) : Welsh

Dyffryn Taf; alternate Welsh Ynysowen.Merv (historic city, southeastern Turkmenistan) :

Roman Antiochia Margiana (The ancient citygave the original name of the modern city ofMary.)

Mesembria see Neseb≠rMeseritz see MiddzyrzeczMeshed-e Sar see BIbol SarMesolóngion (town, west central Greece) : to

1830 Turkish MisolongiMessana see MessinaMessene see MavromatiMessina (city, southern Italy) : ancient Greek

Messana; originally ancient Greek ZancleMestia (village, northwestern Georgia) : to

c.1955 SetiMetangula (village, northwestern Mozambique)

: to 1980 Portuguese Augusto CardosaMetapa see Ciudad DaríoMetapontion see MetapontumMetapontum (ancient city, southern Italy) : an-

cient Greek MetapontionMetlika (village, southern Slovenia) : to 1918

German MöttlingMetz (city, northeastern France) : Roman

Mediomatricum; earlier Roman DivodurumMeuse (river, western Europe) : Dutch Maas;

Roman Mosa (English speakers prefer theFrench form of the river’s name. The Dutchform is found in the name of Maastricht.)

Meyers’ Creek see BellevilleMexico (republic, southern North America) :

[Spanish México]México see (1) Mexico; (2) Mexico CityMexico City (city, south central Mexico) :

[Spanish México]; to 16th century NahuatlTenochtitlán

Mezhdurechensk (city, southern Russia) : to1955 Ol’zheras

Mezhdurech’ye see ShaliMézières (town, northeastern France) : Roman

Maceriae (In 1966 Mézières amalgamated withneighboring Charleville to form the city ofCharleville-Mézières.)

Mezimfistí (town, northeastern Czech Republic): to 1918, 1939–1945 German Halbstadt

Mezâfalva (town, west central Hungary) : to1951 Hercegfalva

Mezâlaborc see MedzilaborceMezâszilas (town, west central Hungary) : to

1942 SzilasbalhásM’fumbiro see VirungaMiadzioù see MyadzelMiami (town, Oklahoma, south central United

States) : to 1890 JimtownMiami Beach (city, Florida, southeastern United

States) : to 1916 Ocean BeachMiamisport see Peru

129 Miamisport

Miarritze see BiarritzMiastko (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German RummelsburgMiava see MyjavaMichaelston-le-Pit (village, southeastern Wales)

: Welsh Llanfihangel-y-PwllMichalovce (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian NagymihályMichelet see Aïn el HammamMiches (town, eastern Dominican Republic) : to

1936 Spanish El JoveroMichigan see LansingMichurin see TsarevoMichurinsk (city, western Russia) : to 1932 Koz-

lovMiddle Congo see Congo, Republic of theMiddle East (countries of southwestern Asia/

northwestern Africa) : to 1940s Near EastMiddle Island see South IslandMiddle Plantation see WilliamsburgMiddletown (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh

TreberfeddMiddletown see FairmontMiddlewich (town, northwestern England) :

Roman Salinae (The Roman name referred tothe saltworks here, as it did at Droitwich.)

Midilli see MytileneMidiya see MidyeMidleton (town, southern Ireland) : Irish Maini-

stir na CorannMidway see RockfordMidway Islands (central Pacific) : to 1967 Brooks

IslandsMidye (village, northwestern Turkey) : 1920–

1922 modern Greek Medeia; to 1913 BulgarianMidiya

Miechowice (town, southern Poland) : to 1945German Mechtal

Middzybórz (town, southwestern Poland) : to1945 German Neumittelwalde

Middzychód (town, western Poland) : to 1945German Birnbaum

Middzylesie (town, southwestern Poland) : to1945 German Mittelwalde

Middzyrzecz (town, western Poland) : to 1945German Meseritz

Middzyzdroje (town, northwestern Poland) : to1945 German Misdroy

Mielau see MùawaMielno (village, northern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man Gross-MöllenMiercurea-Ciuc (city, east central Romania) : to

1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian CsikszeredaMieroszów (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German FriedlandMiess see St†íbro

Mihidjan see ChittaranjanM.I. Kalinina, imeni (town, western Russia) : to

1938 Kartonnaya FabrikaMikashevichi (town, southern Belarus) : 1919–

1939 Polish MikaszewiczeMikaszewicze see MikashevichiMikha Tskhakaya see SenakiMikhaylo-Kotsyubinskoye see Mykhaylo-

Kotsyubyns’keMikhaylovgrad see MontanaMikhaylovka see (1) Kimovsk; (2) SarykemerMikhaylovo (village, south central Bulgaria) :

formerly GokpalaMikhaylovo see Zhelyu VoivodaMikhaylovo-Semyonovskoye see 2LeninskoyeMikhaylovsk (town, west central Russia) : to

1942 Mikhaylovsky ZavodMikhaylovskoye see ShpakovskoyeMikhaylovsky see Malinovoye OzeroMikhaylovsky Zavod see MikhaylovskMikkeli (city, southeastern Finland) : to 1918

Russian Sankt-Mikhel; to 1809 Swedish SanktMichel

Mikoùajów see 2MykolayivMikoyan see YeghegnadzorMikoyana, imeni see 1Oktyabr’skyMikoyanovka see 2Oktyabr’skyMikoyan-Shakhar see KarachayevskMikulczyce (town, southern Poland) : 1935–

1945 German Klausberg; to 1935 GermanMikultschütz

Mikuliüce see MykulynciMikulintsy see MykulynciMikulov (town, southeastern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 German NikolsburgMikultschütz see MikulczyceMiladinovci (town, north central Macedonia) :

1913–1914 Serbian AleksandrovoMilan (city, northern Italy) : [Italian Milano];

Roman MediolanumMilano see MilanMilazzo (town, southern Italy) : Roman MylaeMildenhall (village, southern England) : Roman

Cunetio (This Mildenhall, near Marlborough,should not be confused with the village of thesame name near Newmarket in eastern En-gland, despite the latter’s fame for the hoard ofRoman silver found there.)

Milevsko (town, west central Czech Republic) :to 1918, 1939–1945 German Mühlhausen

Milford Haven (town, southwestern Wales) :Welsh Aberdaugleddau

Mili (atoll, southeastern Marshall Islands) : for-merly Mulgrave Islands

Milicz (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945German Militsch

Miarritze 130

Militsch see MiliczMilkovitsa (town, northern Bulgaria) : formerly

GavrenMillau (town, southern France) : Roman Aemil-

ianumMilltown see MiltonMilo see KelloggMilton (town, southern New Zealand) : formerly

Milltown (The perception of the name as liter-ary led to the naming of the town’s streets forpoets.)

Milverton (village, Ontario, southeastern Can-ada) : to 1871 West’s Corner

Mimidanum see MindenMimoso do Sul (city, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 João PessoaMinami-nayoshi see ShebuninoMinatitlán (city, south central Mexico) : origi-

nally Paso de la FabricaMindelo (city, northwestern Cape Verde) : alter-

nate Porto GrandeMinden (city, northwestern Germany) : Roman

MimidanumMineiros see Mineiros do TietêMineiros do Tietê (town, southeastern Brazil) :

to 1944 MineirosMinera (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

MwynglawddMinnedosa (town, Manitoba, southern Canada)

: to 1880 Tanner’s CrossingMinni see ArmeniaMinorca (island, eastern Balearic Islands, western

Mediterranean) : [Spanish Menorca]Miüsk Mazowiecki (town, east central Poland) :

to 1915 Russian NovominskMin’yar (town, southwestern Russia) : to c.1928

Min’yarsky ZavodMin’yarsky Zavod see Min’yarMirabeau see Draa Ben KheddaMirabel (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) : to

1973 Ste.-ScholastiqueMiracatus (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

PrainhaMiracema see Miracema do NorteMiracema do Norte (city, north central Brazil) :

1944–1948 Cherente; to 1944 MiracemaMiramar (town, eastern Argentina) : formerly

Spanish General AlvaradoMiranda see MacalogeMirandópolis (city, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 Portuguese Comandante ArbuesMir-Bashir see TärtärMirnoye see MyrneMirosùawiec (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Märkisch FriedlandMirsk (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Friedeberg (For a time after 1945 thetown took the Polish name Spokojna Góra,“peaceful mountain,” translating the German.)

Mirzachul see GulistonMirzoyan see TarazMisamis see OzamizMisdroy see MiddzyzdrojeMisericórdia see ItaporangaMisivri see Neseb≠rMiskin (village, southern Wales) : Welsh MeisgynMisolongi see MesolóngionMi•r see (1) Cairo; (2) EgyptMission (village, British Columbia, southwest-

ern Canada) : 1922–1973 Mission City; to 1922Mission Junction; originally St. Mary’s Mission

Mission City see MissionMission Junction see MissionMissoula (city, Montana, northwestern United

States) : originally HellgateMissouri see BozemanMístek see Frï dek-MístekMitau see JelgavaMitava see JelgavaMitchell Island see NukulaelaeMitchell’s Corners see 3AuroraMitchelstown (town, south central Ireland) :

Irish Baile MhistéalaMitchel Troy (village, southeastern Wales) :

Welsh Llanfihangel TroddiMitilíni see MytileneMitizirovo see Vasil LevskiMit Rahina see MemphisMitroviça see Kosovo MitrovicaMitrowitz see Sremska MitrovicaMittelwalde see MiddzylesieMitterburg see PazinMittimatalik see Pond InletMladá Boleslav (town, northern Czech Repub-

lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German JungbunzlauMladá Vo±ice (town, central Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German JungwoschitzMùawa (town, north central Poland) : 1940–1945

German MielauMnichovo Hradi§tfi (town, northern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanMünchengrätz

Moehau see Colville, CapeMoeris, Lake see Birkat QIr¨nMoba (town, southeastern Democratic Republic

of the Congo) : formerly French BaudouinvilleMobayi-Mbongo (town, northwestern Democ-

ratic Republic of the Congo) : to 1972 FrenchBanzyville

Mobilong see Murray BridgeMobutu Sese Seko, Lake see Albert, LakeMoçambique see Mozambique

131 Moçambique

Moçâmedes see NamibeMocha (city, southwestern Yemen) : [Arabic Al

M¨kha’]Modena (town, western Italy) : Roman MutinaModern see ModraModica (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek

MotycaModicia see MonzaModimolle (town, northeastern South Africa) :

to 2002 NylstroomModlin (town, east central Poland) : to 1915 Rus-

sian Novogeorgiyevsk (The town is now part ofthe city of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki.)

Modohn see MadonaModor see ModraModos see Ja§a TomiWModra (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-

garian Modor; to 1867 German ModernModrï Kameû (town, southern Slovakia) : to

1918 Hungarian Kékâ

Moeskroen see MouscronMogador see EssaouiraMogilyov see MahilyowMogilyov Podol’sky see Mohyliv Podil’s’kyyMogontiacum see MainzMohammadia (town, northwestern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French PerrégauxMohammedia (town, western Morocco) : to

1960 FedalaMohammerah see KhorramshahrMohrin see MoryüMohrungen see MorRgMohyliv Podil’s’kyy (town, western Ukraine) :

(Russian Mogilyov Podol’sky)Mokelumne Station see LodiMokopane (town, northeastern South Africa) :

to 2002 PotgietersrusMoksobomyo see ShweboMokvin see MokvynMokvyn (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Mokvin); formerly Pershotravneve (Russian Per-shotravnevoye) (The former Russian name doesnot translate the Ukrainian, which corre-sponds to Russian Pervomayskoye, but simpletransliterates it.)

Mola di Gaeta see FormiaMold (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Yr

WyddgrugMoldau see (1) Moldava nad Bodvou; (2) Mol-

dova; (3) VltavaMoldautein see Tï n nad VltavouMoldava nad Bodvou (town, southeastern Slo-

vakia) : to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Szepsi;to 1867 German Moldau

Moldavia see MoldovaMoldova (republic, southeastern Europe) : to

1991 English Moldavia; to 1918 GermanMoldau

Molenbeek-St.-Jean (town, central Belgium) :Flemish Sint-Jans-Molenbeek (The town isnow a suburb of Brussels.)

Molles see Carlos ReylesMollwitz see MaùujowiceMolly Morgan Plains see MaitlandMolodechno see MaladzyechnaMoùodeczno see MaladzyechnaMolotov see Perm’Molotova, imeni see UchkuprikMolotovabad see Uch-KorgonMolotovo see UchkuprikMolotovsk see (1) Kayyngdy; (2) Nolinsk;

(3) SeverodvinskMolvitino see SusaninoMolyneux see CluthaMombaça (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Maria PereiraMomchilgrad (town, southern Bulgaria) : to

1934 Turkish M≠stanliMomchilovtsi (village, southern Bulgaria) : to

1934 Gorno Derekoi (The first part of the ear-lier name is Bulgarian, the second part Turk-ish.)

Môn see AngleseyMona see AngleseyMonaghan (town, northern Ireland) : Irish

MuineachánMonapia see Man, Isle ofMonastir (town, northeastern Tunisia) : Roman

RuspinaMonastir see BitolaMönchengladbach (city, western Germany) :

1951–1960 Mönchen-Gladbach; to 1951München-Gladbach (The earlier name was al-tered to avoid confusion with Munich.)

Mönchen-Gladbach see MönchengladbachMoncton (city, New Brunswick, eastern Canada)

: to 1855 The BendMoneron (island, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese Kaiba-toMonett (town, Missouri, central United States) :

to 1877 Plymouth; originally BillingsMonfestino in Serra Mazzoni see Serramaz-

zoniMongalla see EquatoriaMongibello see EtnaMongolia (republic, east central Asia) : to 1921

Outer Mongolia (The earlier name arose bycontrast with Inner Mongolia, or Nei Mongol,now an autonomous region of northern China,but formerly the southern part of the more ex-tensive historic region of Mongolia.)

Monmouth (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Moçâmedes 132

Trefynwy; Roman Blestium (The originalcounty of Monmouthshire, Welsh Sir Fynwy,was abolished in 1974 but restored in 1996.)

Monod see Sidi Allal BahraouiMonoticut see Braintree1Monroe (city, Louisiana, southern United

States) : to 1819 Fort Miro2Monroe (city, Michigan, north central United

States) : to 1817 FrenchtownMonroeville (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to 1951 Patton TownshipMons (town, southwestern Belgium) : Flemish

BergenMonsanto see Monte Santo de MinasMons Brisiacus see BreisachMonschau (town, western Germany) : to 1918

MontjoieMontagnac see RemchiMontagne de la Grande Traverse see Edith

Cavell, Mt.Montagu Island see NgunaMontaigu see ScherpenheuvelMontana (city, northwestern Bulgaria) : 1945–

1990 Mikhaylovgrad; 1891–1945 Ferdinand;earlier Golyama Kutlovitsa; Roman Montanen-sia

Montana see BooneMontanensia see MontanaMont Cervin see MatterhornMonte Alegre see TimbirasMonte Azul (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1939

TremedalMonte Azul see Monte Azul PaulistaMonte Azul do Turvo see Monte Azul PaulistaMonte Azul Paulista (town, southeastern Brazil)

: 1944–1948 Monte Azul do Turvo; to 1944Monte Azul

Monte Cervino see MatterhornMonteleone di Calabria see Vibo ValentiaMontellum Aymardi see Montélimar1Montenegro (republic, southeastern Europe) :

[Serbo-Croat Crna Gora]2Montenegro (city, southern Brazil) : to 1930s

Portuguese São João de MontenegroMontenegro see AmapáMonte Nevoso see Sne±nikMontenotte see Sidi AkachaMonte Perdido see Perdido, MonteMonterey see MonterreyMontería (city, northwestern Colombia) : origi-

nally San Jerónimo de BuenavistaMonterrey (city, northern Mexico) : traditional

English Monterey (The English spelling is pre-served in the name of Monterey, California,United States.)

Monte San Giuliano see Erice

Monte Santo de Minas (town, southeasternBrazil) : 1944–1948 Monsanto

Montezuma see WinonaMontgolfier see RahouiaMontgomery (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh Tre-

faldwynMontgomery see SahiwalMontgomery Court House see RockvilleMonticello see HelenaMontjoie see MonschauMontmorency (town, northern France) : 1689–

1789 Enghien (The town took its former namefrom the dukes of Enghien in Belgium.)

Montmorency-Beaufort (village, north centralFrance) : to 1689 Beaufort (In the year statedthe village added the name of Montmorencywhen that town was renamed, retaining itwhen the town regained its original name in1789.)

Montpelier see MontpellierMontpellier (city, southern France) : traditional

English Montpelier (The English spelling ispreserved in the name of Montpelier, Califor-nia, United States.)

Mont Perdu see Perdido, MonteMontreal (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :

officially French Montréal; to 1724 FrenchVille-Marie-de-Montréal

Montréal see MontrealMonument see BourneMonza (city, northern Italy) : Roman ModiciaMoodyville see North VancouverMookgophong (town, northeastern South

Africa) : to 2002 NaboomspruitMoorea (island, west central French Polynesia) :

formerly EimeoMoore’s Bluff see SelmaMoorhead (city, Minnesota, north central

United States) : originally BurbankMoose Island see EastportMoose River see ClementsportMoquegua (city, southern Peru) : originally Villa

de Santa Catalina del Guadalcázar del Valle deMoquegua

MorRg (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Mohrungen

Morava see MoraviaMoravia (region, eastern Czech Republic) :

[Czech Morava]Moravská Ostrava see OstravaMoravská T†ebová (town, eastern Czech Repub-

lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Mährisch-Trübau

Moravské Budfijovice (town, southern CzechRepublic) : 1929–1945 German Mährisch-Bud-witz; to 1918 German Budwitz

133 Moravské Budfijovice

Moravskï Beroun (town, eastern Czech Repub-lic) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Bärn

Moravskï Krumlov (town, southern Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanMährisch-Kromau

Mordovskaya Bokla see 2SovetskoyeMorea see PeloponneseMorelia (city, west central Mexico) : originally

ValladolidMorgan City (town, Louisiana, southern United

States) : to 1876 Brashear CityMorgannwg see GlamorganMorgan’s Landing see IlionMorganstown (village, southern Wales) : Welsh

Treforgan; alternate Welsh Pentre-poethMorgenroth see Ruda ¡lRskaMôr Hafren see Bristol ChannelMoridunum see CarmarthenMorocco (kingdom, northwestern Africa) : [Ara-

bic Al-Maghrib]; formerly French Maroc (Mostof present Morocco was known as French Mo-rocco from 1912 to 1956, when the countrygained its independence.)

Morón (city, east central Argentina) : 1930–1943Seis de Septiembre

Morozov see BratanMorris (village, Manitoba, southern Canada) :

formerly Scratching RiverMorriston (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Tre-

forys (The village is now a district of Swansea.)Morristown (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1740 West HanoverMorristown see AshevilleMorro Grande see Barão de CocaisMortier Bay see MarystownMoryü (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German MohrinMosa see MeuseMo¢ciska see Mostyska1Moscow (city, western Russia) : [Russian

Moskva]2Moscow (town, Idaho, northwestern United

States) : to 1876 Hog HeavenMosel see MoselleMosella see MoselleMoselle (river, northeastern France/western Ger-

many) : German Mosel, Roman MosellaMoses Lake (town, Washington, northwestern

United States) : to 1938 NeppelMosi-oa-Tunya see Victoria FallsMoskovsky see ShahrihonMoskva see 1MoscowMoson (town, northwestern Hungary) : to 1867

German Wieselburg (In 1945 the town com-bined with Magyaróvár to form the city ofMosonmagyaróvár.)

Mosonmagyaróvár see (1) Magyaróvár;(2) Moson

Mossoró (city, northeastern Brazil) : originallySanta Luiza de Mossoró

Most (city, northwestern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1938–1945 German Brüx

Mostrim see EdgeworthstownMostyska (town, western Ukraine) : to 1939 Pol-

ish Mo¢ciskaMosty Wielkie see Velyki MostyMosul (city, northern Iraq) : [Arabic Al Maw•il]Motodomari see VostochnyMöttling see MetlikaMotu One (atoll, western French Polynesia) :

formerly Bellingshausen IslandMotyca see ModicaMoulmein see MawlamyineMound City see MoundsvilleMoundsville (town, West Virginia, east central

United States) : to 1865 Mound City (In theyear stated the town merged with the nearbysettlement of Grave Creek, renamed Eliza-bethville in 1798.)

Mount (or Mount of or Mount of the) : fornames beginning thus, see the next word, asMcKinley, Mt. or Olives, Mount of or HolyCross, Mount of the

Mountain Ash (town, southern Wales) : WelshAberpennar

Mountain Home (town, Idaho, northwesternUnited States) : originally Rattlesnake Station

Mount Brydges (village, Ontario, southeasternCanada) : to 1856 Carradoc

Mount Holly (town, New Jersey, northeasternUnited States) : formerly Bridgetown; origi-nally Northampton

Mt. McKinley National Park see Denali Na-tional Park and Preserve

Mount Marie see Pine BluffMount Pleasant see Richmond HillMountrath (town, central Ireland) : Irish

Maighean RáthaMount Shasta (town, California, western United

States) : to 1925 SissonMount Wollaston see 2QuincyMouscron (town, western Belgium) : Flemish

MoeskroenMoylgrove (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

TrewyddelMoyobamba (city, north central Peru) : origi-

nally Santiago de los Valles de MoyobambaMoyynkum (town, southern Kyrgyzstan) : for-

merly Russian FurmanovkaMozambique (republic, southeastern Africa) :

[Portuguese Moçambique]; formerly PortugueseEast Africa (The present name was current for

Moravskï Beroun 134

some time before the country achieved inde-pendence in 1975. The Portuguese name isnow generally on the map for Moçambique, theseaport town in the northeast of the countryand its capital until 1907.)

Mozhga (city, western Russia) : c.1920–1926Krasny; to c.1920 Syuginsky (The city wasformed in 1926 on incorporating nearby Syug-insky Zavod.)

Mozirje (village, northern Slovenia) : to 1918German Prassburg

Mozyr’ see MazyrMozyrz see MazyrMpumalanga (province, northeastern South

Africa) : 1994–1995 Eastern TransvaalMrRgowo (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German SensburgMrewa see MurewaMrkonjiW-Grad (town, central Bosnia-Herze-

govina) : to 1930s Varcar VakufMstislavl’ see MstislawMstislaw (town, eastern Belarus) : (Russian

Mstislavl’); to 1918 Russian Mstislavl’Muar (city, southwestern Malaysia) : formerly

Bandar MaharaniMuckle Ridge see 2MarionMuconda (town, northeastern Angola) : formerly

Portuguese Nova ChavesMud Creek see AbileneMuddy River see BrooklineMud River see PaisleyMud Town see WattsMühlbach see Sebe£Mühlhausen see MilevskoMuineachán see MonaghanMuine Bheag (town, eastern Ireland) : alternate

BagenalstownMukaVevo see MukacheveMukacheve (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Mukachevo); 1919–1938, 1944–1945 CzechMukaVevo; to 1918, 1938–1945 HungarianMunkács; to 1867 German Munkatsch (Thecity was under German-Hungarian occupationin World War II.)

Mukachevo see MukacheveMukden see ShenyangMukhtuya see LenskMulgrave Islands see MiliMülhausen see MulhouseMulhouse (city, northeastern France) : 1871–

1918, 1940–1944 German MülhausenMullach Íde see MalahideMullingar (town, central Ireland) : Irish An

Muileann gCearrMulungu (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–

1948 Camarazal

Mumbai (city, western India) : to 1995 BombayMumbles (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Y

Mwmbwls (The village is now a district ofSwansea.)

Muminabad see LeningradM≠’minobod see LeningradMünchen see MunichMünchen-Gladbach see MönchengladbachMünchengrätz see Mnichovo Hradi§tfiMundelein (town, Illinois, east central United

States) : originally Mechanics Grove (The vil-lage was successively named Holcomb, Rocke-feller, and Area before gaining its present namein 1924.)

Mundo Novo see UrupêsMunich (city, southern Germany) : [German

München]Munkács see MukacheveMunkatsch see MukacheveMünsterberg see ZidbiceMuqui (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese São João do MuquiMurang’a (town, south central Kenya) : to 1963

Fort HallMuraszerdahely see Mursko Sredi§WeMuraszombat see Murska SobotaMurav’yovo see Ma±eikiaiMurchison (town, central New Zealand) : for-

merly HampdenMurchison Falls see Kabalega FallsMurewa (town, eastern Zimbabwe) : to 1982

MrewaMurgap (town, east central Tajikistan) : to

c.1929 Russian Pamirsky PostMurmansk (city, northwestern Russia) : to 1917

Romanov-na-MurmaneMurphy’s Station see SunnyvaleMurray Bridge (town, South Australia, southern

Australia) : to 1940 MobilongMurshidabad (city, northwestern India) : to

1704 MakhsudabadMurska Sobota (town, northeastern Slovenia) :

to 1918, 1941–1944 Hungarian MuraszombatMursko Sredi§We (town, northern Croatia) : to

1918, 1941–1944 Hungarian MuraszerdahelyMurviedro see SaguntoMusala (mountain, southwestern Bulgaria) :

1949–1962 Stalin PeakMuscat and Oman see OmanMuscatine (city, Iowa, north central United

States) : to 1850 BloomingtonMusketaquid see 2ConcordMussolinia di Sardegna see ArboreaMustafakemalpa£a (town, northwestern Turkey)

: formerly KirmastiMustafapa£a see Svilengrad

135 Mustafapa£a

M≠stanli see MomchilgradMustayevka see MustayevoMustayevo (village, southwestern Russia) : to

c.1940 MustayevkaMutare (town, eastern Zimbabwe) : to 1982 Um-

taliMutina see ModenaMutum (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1939 Por-

tuguese São Manuel do MutumMuxaluando (town, southern Angola) : to

c.1976 Portuguese General FreireMuy Vavi see AyoMuztor see ToktogulMvuma (town, central Zimbabwe) : to 1982

UmvumaMwenezi (town, southern Zimbabwe) : to 1982

NuanetsiMwynglawdd see MineraMyadel’ see MyadzelMyadzel (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Russian

Myadel’); 1919–1939 Polish Miadzioù; to 1918Russian Myadel’

Myall Creek Station see DalbyMyanmar (republic, southeastern Asia) : to 1989

Burma (The former name is still widely currentin the media and everyday speech, and is some-times preferred on political grounds by thosewho object to the country’s military regime.)

Myjava (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-garian Miava

Mykhaylo-Kotsyubyns’ke (town, northernUkraine) : (Russian Mikhaylo-Kotsyubinskoye);to c.1935 Kozyol

1Mykolayiv (city, southern Ukraine) : (RussianNikolayev); to 1918 Russian Nikolayev

2Mykolayiv (town, western Ukraine) : (RussianNikolayev); to 1919 Polish Mikoùajów (Thetown is formally known as Mykolayiv naDnistri, Russian Nikolayev na Dnestre, denot-ing its location on the Dniester, for distinc-tion from 1Mykolayiv.)

Mykolayivka see NovovorontsovkaMykolayivka-Vyrivs’ka see 2ZhovtneveMykulynci (town, western Czech Republic) :

(Russian Mikulintsy); to 1939 Polish MikuliüceMykytine see Nikopol’Mykytin Rih see Nikopol’Mylae see MilazzoMymensingh (city, north central Bangladesh) :

formerly NasirabadMynydd Du see Black MountainsMyrne (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Mirnoye); to 1958 Karans’kyy Kam’yanyy Kar’yer(Russian Karansky Kamenny Kar’yer)

Myrzakent (town, southern Kazakhstan) : for-merly Russian Slavyanka

My¢libórz (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Soldin

Mysùowice (town, southern Poland) : to 1921,1939–1945 German Myslowitz

Myslowitz see MysùowiceMysore see KarnatakaMysovka (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man KarkelnMysovsk see 2BabushkinMytilene (town, eastern Greece) : modern Greek

Mitilíni; to 1913 Turkish MidilliMytilene see LesbosNaas (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish An NásNabadwip (city, northeastern India) : formerly

NadiaNaberezhnyye Chelny (city, western Russia) :

1982–1988 Brezhnev; to 1930 ChelnyNabeul (town, northeastern Tunisia) : Roman

NeapolisNIblus (town, northern West Bank) : Roman

Neapolis (Some scholars identify Neapolis asthe biblical city of Shechem, but its site is nowusually located around a mile east.)

Naboomspruit see MookgophongNabresina see AurisinaNa Buirgh see BorveNa Cealla Beaga see KillybegsNachod see NáchodNáchod (town, northeastern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German NachodNaciria (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French HaussonvillersNa Clocha Liatha see GreystonesNadezhda (town, western Bulgaria) : formerly

Gerdima (The town is now a residential dis-trict of Sofia.)

Nadezhdinsk see SerovNadezhdinsky Priisk see Aprel’skNadezhdinsky Zavod see SerovNadia see NabadwipNadterechnaya (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1944 Nizhny NaurNadvirna (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Nadvornaya); to 1939 Polish NadwórnaNadvornaya see NadvirnaNadwórna see NadvirnaNaga (city, north central Philippines) : to 1914

Spanish Nueva CaceresNagahama see OzyorskyNagybánya see Baia MareNagybecskerek see ZrenjaninNagybittse see BytVeNagykanizsa (city, southwestern Hungary) : to

1867 German GrosskanischaNagykapos see Vel’ké Kapu§anyNagykároly see Carei

M≠stanli 136

Nagykikinda see KikindaNagymárton see MattersburgNagymegyer see Vel’kï MederNagymihály see MichalovceNagyrâce see RevúcaNagyszalonta see SalontaNagyszeben see SibiuNagyszöllös see VynohradivNagyszombat see TrnavaNagytapolcsány see Topol’VanyNagyvárad see OradeaNahanni Butte (village, Northwest Territories,

northwestern Canada) : alternate InuitTthenaagoo

Na h-Eileanan an Iar see Western IslesNahr al- ‘A•n see OrontesNaibo see DobroyeNaibuchi see NaybaNaihoro see 1GornozavodskNairo see GastelloNaissus see Ni§Nakambe (river, western Africa) : to 1986 White

Volta, formerly alternate Volta Blanche (Thenative name is mostly used in Burkina Faso.)

Nakel see Nakùo nad NoteciRNakhrachi see KondinskoyeNakùo nad NoteciR (town, north central Poland)

: 1939–1945 German NakelNaldrug see OsmanabadNálepkovo see Vondri§elNalubaale Falls (south central Uganda) : to

2000 Owen FallsNamaland see NamaqualandNamaqualand (region, southwestern Africa) : al-

ternate NamalandNamen see NamurNámestó see NámestovoNámestovo (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian NámestóNamibe (town, southwestern Angola) : to 1982

Portuguese MoçâmedesNamibia (republic, southwestern Africa) : 1915–

1968 South West Africa; 1884–1915 GermanSouth West Africa

Namslau see NamysùówNamur (city, south central Belgium) : Flemish

NamenNamysùów (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German NamslauNanaimo (city, British Columbia, southwestern

Canada) : to 1860 Colville TownNanhyfer see NevernNaniwa see OsakaNanjing (city, east central China) : conventional

English Nanking; 1644–1912 JiangningNanking see Nanjing

Nanning (city, southern China) : 1913–1945Yongning

Nanterre (town, northern France) : RomanNemetodurum

Nantes (city, northwestern France) : BretonNaoned; Roman Condivincum

Nantong (city, eastern China) : to 1724 Tongzhou(The city was renamed to avoid confusionwith Tongzhou near Beijing.)

Nanumanga (island, northern Tuvalu) : formerlyHudson Island

Naoned see NantesNaples (city, southwestern Italy) : [Italian

Napoli]; Roman NeapolisNapoléon-Vendée see La Roche-sur-YonNapoléonville see PontivyNapoli see NaplesNaracoorte (town, South Australia, southern

Australia) : to 1869 KincraigNarberth (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

ArberthNarbo Martius see NarbonneNarbonne (city, southern France) : Roman

Narbo Martius (The full title of the firstRoman colony in Gaul, following its enlarge-ment by the emperor Claudius, was ColoniaJulia paterna Claudia Narbo Martius de-cumanorum.)

Narborough Island see FernandinaNarda see ArtaNardò (town, southern Italy) : Roman NeretumNarimanov (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1984 NizhnevolzhskNarimanova, imeni see BankäNarni (town, central Italy) : Roman NarniaNarnia see NarniNartkala (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1967

DokshukinoNarva-Jõesuu (town, northeastern Estonia) : to

1917 German HungerburgNar’yan-Mar (city, northwestern Russia) : 1933–

1935 imeni Dzerzhinskogo; to 1933 Beloshchel’ye1Naryn (administrative region, central Kyrgyzs-

tan) : to 1990 Tyan’-Shan’ (The region’s formername derives from the Tien Shan mountainchain that extends east into China.)

2Naryn (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerlyKhakkulabad

Naryshkino see KuznetskNQsQud (town, north central Romania) : to 1918,

1940–1944 Hungarian Naszód; to 1867 Ger-man Nussdorf

Na Sceirí see SkerriesNash (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Tre-

fonnenNashua (city, New Hampshire, northeastern

137 Nashua

United States) : to 1837 Dunstable (The citywas formed in the year stated by merging witha village of its present name, itself known until1803 as Indian Head.)

Nashville (city, Tennessee, east central UnitedStates) : to 1784 Fort Nashborough

Nasirabad see MymensinghNasrat see NawabshahNaszód see NQsQudNatal see KwaZulu-NatalNatchez (town, Mississippi, southeastern United

States) : originally Fort RosalieNatchitoches (city, Louisiana, southern United

States) : originally Fort St. Jean BaptisteNatividade see Natividade da SerraNatividade da Serra (town, southeastern Brazil)

: to 1944 NatividadeNaugatuck (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : originally Salem BridgeNaugatuck see SeymourNaujaat see Repulse BayNaumburg am Queis see NowogrodziecNaumiestis (town, southwestern Lithuania) : to

1918 Polish WùadysùawówNauportus see VrhnikaNauru (island republic, southwestern Pacific) :

formerly Pleasant IslandNauvoo (town, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1840 CommerceNavabad (town, west central Tajikistan) : (Rus-

sian Novabad); to 1950 Shul’makNavahrudak (town, western Belarus) : (Russian

Novogrudok); 1919–1939 Polish NowogródekNavan (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish An UaimhNavarino see PylosNavarra see NavarreNavarre (region, northern Spain) : [Spanish

Navarra] (English prefers the French form ofthe name for the ancient kingdom, which ex-tended into southern France, keeping Navarrafor the modern Spanish province.)

Navio see 2BroughNavoiy (city, central Uzbekistan) : to 1958 KermineNávpaktos (town, western Greece) : to 1830

Turkish jnebahti; formerly Italian Lepanto(The Italian form of the name is preserved forthe naval battle of 1571, in a nearby strait, inwhich the Turks were defeated by the HolyLeague.)

Návplion (town, southern Greece) : to 1830Turkish Navpliya

Navpliya see NávplionNawabshah (city, southern Pakistan) : originally

NasratNayba (river, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-

nese Naibuchi

Nayoshi see LesogorskNazerat see NazarethNazaré (city, eastern Brazil) : formerly NazarethNazaré see Nazaré da MataNazaré da Mata (city, northeastern Brazil) : to

1944 NazaréNazareth (town, northern Israel) : [Hebrew Naz-

erat; Arabic An NI•irah] (Nazareth was thechildhood home of Jesus and Arabic na•rInn

means “Christian.”)Nazareth see NazaréNazimovo see PutyatinNazran’ (town, southwestern Russia) : 1944–

1967 Kosta-Khetagurovo; earlier Georgiye-Osetinskoye

Nazyvayevsk (town, southern Russia) : c.1935–1945 Novonazyvayevka; to c.1935 Sibirsky

N’dalatando (town, northwestern Angola) : to1975 Portuguese Vila Salazar

N’Djamena (city, southwestern Chad) : to 1973French Fort-Lamy

Neal’s Station see ParkersburgNeapolis see (1) Nabeul; (2) NIblus; (3) NaplesNear East see Middle EastNeath (town, southern Wales) : Welsh Castell-

nedd; Roman NidumNéau see EupenNebitdag (city, western Turkmenistan) : to late

1930s Nefte-DagNedenes see Aust-AgderNederland see NetherlandsNedvigovka (village, southwestern Russia) : an-

cient Greek and Roman Tanais (The villagestands at the mouth of the Don River, itselfknown by the same classical name.)

Ñeembucú see 2PilarNeenah (city, Wisconsin, north central United

States) : to 1856 Winnebago RapidsNeftçala (town, southeastern Azerbaijan) : (Rus-

sian Neftechala); formerly Russian imeni 26Bakinskikh Kommunarov

Neftechala see NeftçalaNefte-Dag see NebitdagNeftekamsk (city, western Russia) : formerly

KasevoNefteyugansk (city, central Russia) : to 1967

Ust’-BalykNeftezavodsk see SeydiNegotin (village, central Macedonia) : 1913–1941

Serbian Sveti DjordjeNegroponte see EuboeaNeidenburg see NidzicaNeidín see KenmareNeisse see NysaNejdek (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German Neudeck

Nashville 138

Nekhayevskaya (village, southwestern Russia) :1956–1992 Nekhayevsky (The village had townstatus under the former name.)

Nekhayevsky see NekhayevskayaNekrasovskoye (town, western Russia) : to 1938

Bol’shiye SoliNelepovsky Khutor see ArtemoveNelipivs’kyy Khutir see Artemove1Nelson (city, central New Zealand) : Maori

Wakatu2Nelson (town, British Columbia, southwestern

Canada) : to 1888 StanleyNelsonville see CowansvilleNeman (town, western Russia) : to 1945 German

RagnitNemausus see NîmesNfimeckï Brod see HavlíVkÀv BrodNemetacum Atrebatum see ArrasNemetocenna see ArrasNemetodurum see NanterreNémetpróna see Nitrianske PravnoNémetújvár see GüssingNemours see GhazaouetNen see NeneNenagh (town, south central Ireland) : Irish An

tAaonachNene (river, central and eastern England) : alter-

nate Nen (The alternate spelling strictly appliesto the river’s upper reaches and the main nameto its lower, better-known course.)

Neocaesarea see NiksarNeokastro see PylosNepisiguit see BathurstNepolocQu´ii see NepolokivtsiNepolokivtsi (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Nepolokovtsy); 1919–1940 Romanian Nepolo-cQu´ii; to 1918 German Nepolokoutz

Nepolokoutz see NepolokivtsiNepolokovtsy see NepolokivtsiNeppel see Moses LakeNeretum see NardòNerium Promontorium see Finisterre, CapeNero see KrnNeseb≠r (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk-

ish Misivri; ancient Greek Mesembria (Theoriginal Greek name, or a form of it, was cur-rent until 1934.)

Nesselsdorf see Kop†ivniceNesterov (town, western Russia) : 1938–1945

German Ebenrode; to 1938 German Stallupö-nen

Nesterov see ZhovkvaNesvetevich see Proletars’kNesvitovych see Proletars’kNesvizh see NyasvizhNetherby (village, northern England) : Roman

Castra Exploratorum (This is the only examplein England of Latin castra, “camp,” in aRoman name although there are several incontinental Europe, as Castres in France. As aregular word, however, it gave the modernnames of English cities such as Manchester,Rochester, and Winchester.)

Netherlands (kingdom, western Europe) :[Dutch Nederland]; conventional English Hol-land (The name Holland strictly applies onlyto the two western provinces of North Hol-land and South Holland, Dutch Noord-Hol-land and Zuid-Holland.)

Netherlands Antilles (island federation, south-ern West Indies) : to 1954 Dutch West Indies

Netherlands East Indies see IndonesiaNetum see NotoNeubentschen see ZbRszynekNeubidschow see Novï Byd±ovNeuchâtel (town, western Switzerland) : German

NeuenburgNeudamm see DdbnoNeudeck see NejdekNeuenburg see NeuchâtelNeuenburg an der Elbe see NymburkNeufahrwasser see Nowy PortNeugard see NowogardNeugradisca see Nova Gradi§kaNeuhardenberg (town, eastern Germany) :

1949–1990 MarxwaldeNeuhaus see (1) Dobrna; (2) Jind†ichÀv

HradecNeuhäusel see Nové ZámkyNeuhausen see Gur’yevskNeukirch see TimiryazevoNeukuhren see PionerskyNeu-Langenburg see TukuyuNeumagen (village, western Germany) : Roman

NoviomagusNeumarkt see (1) Nowy Targ; (2) ¡roda ¡lRskaNeumarktl see Tr±iVNeu-Mecklenburg see New IrelandNeumittelwalde see MiddzybórzNeupaka see Nová PakaNeu-Pommern see New BritainNeurode see Nowa RudaNeusalz see Nowa SólNeusandez see Nowy SRczNeusatz see Novi SadNeuschwanenburg see GulbeneNeusiedl am See (town, eastern Austria) : to 1919

Hungarian NeziderNeusohl see Banská BystricaNeuss (city, western Germany) : Roman Novae-

siumNeustadt see (1) Eberswalde; (2) Prudnik

139 Neustadt

Neustadt an der Haardt see Neustadt an derWeinstrasse

Neustadt an der Mettau see Nové Mfisto nadMetují

Neustadt an der Weinstrasse (city, southwesternGermany) : to 1936, 1945–1950, Neustadt ander Haardt; Medieval Latin Nova Civitas

Neustadt bei Pinne see LwówekNeustädtel see Nowe MiasteczkoNeustadt in Westpreussen see WejherowoNeustadtl see Nové Mfisto na MoravfiNeustadt-Schirwindt see Kudirkos Naumies-

tisNeustettin see SzczecinekNeuteich see Nowy StawNeutitschein see Novï JiVínNeutomischl see Nowy Tomy§lNeutra see NitraNeuville (village, Quebec, southeastern Canada)

: to 1919 Pointe-aux-TremblesNeuwarp see Nowe WarpnoNeuwedell see DrawnoNevdubstroy see 2KirovskNevel’sk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese HontoNever (town, eastern Russia) : formerly LarinskyNevern (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Nyfer, alternate Welsh NanhyferNevers (town, central France) : Roman Novio-

dunumNeves see Neves PaulistaNeves Paulista (town, southeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Iboti; to 1944 NevesNevrokop see Gotse DelchevNevskoye (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945

German Schlossbach; to 1938 German Pillupö-nen

New Amsterdam see (1) Buffalo; (2) New YorkNew Anzac-on-Sea see PeacehavenNewark (city, New Jersey, northeastern United

States) : formerly New Milford; originallyPesayak Towne

Newark see Niagara-on-the-LakeNew Barbadoes see HackensackNew Beverly see 2BurlingtonNewborough (village, northwestern Wales) :

Welsh NiwbwrchNewbridge (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

TrecelynNewbridge see Droichead NuaNewbridge-on-Wye (village, eastern Wales) :

Welsh Y Bontnewydd-ar-WyNew Britain (island, eastern Papua New Guinea)

: 1884–1920 German Neu-PommernNew Britain see Ormond BeachNew Brookland see West Columbia

New Brunswick (city, New Jersey, northeasternUnited States) : formerly Inian’s Ferry; origi-nally Prigmore’s Swamp

Newburyport see St. JosephNew Butler see ButlerNew Caledonia (island territory, southwestern

Pacific) : French Nouvelle-Calédonie (The is-lands were named by the British in 1774 butannexed by France in 1853.)

New Caledonia see British ColumbiaNew Cambridge see Bristol1Newcastle (city, northeastern England) : Roman

Pons Aelii2Newcastle (village, southern Wales) : Welsh

Castell-newydd (The village is now a district ofBridgend.)

3Newcastle (town, southeastern Northern Ire-land) : Irish An Caisleán Nua

Newcastle see Webster CityNew Castle (town, Delaware, northeastern

United States) : 1655–1664 Dutch NieuwAmstel; originally Santhoeck

Newcastle Emlyn (town, southwestern Wales) :Welsh Castellnewydd Emlyn

New Connecticut see VermontNew Delhi see DelhiNew Denver (village, British Columbia, south-

western Canada) : to 1892 EldoradoNew Edinburgh see DunedinNewfield see BridgeportNew Forest (southern England) : Medieval Latin

Nova Foresta (As elsewhere in British place-names, forest here means specifically “huntingpreserve” rather than just “region of trees.”)

New France see CanadaNew Harmony (town, Indiana, north central

United States) : originally German HarmonieNewhaven see Le HavreNew Haven (city, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1640 QuinnipiacNew Hebrides see VanuatuNew Helvetia see SacramentoNew Holland see AustraliaNew Hope (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : originally Coryel’s Ferry (Thetown lies across the Delaware River from Lam-bertville, and the original ferry plied betweenthe two places.)

New Inverness see DarienNew Ireland (island, eastern Papua New Guinea)

: 1884–1914 German Neu-Mecklenburg (Politi-cally, the province of New Ireland includesother islands, notably New Hanover.)

New Johnston see 2CornwallNew Liskeard (town, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : originally Thornloe

Neustadt an der Haardt 140

New London (city, Connecticut, northeasternUnited States) : to 1658 Pequot

Newmarket (town, Ontario, southeasternCanada) : to c.1810 Beman’s Corners

New Market (town, Virginia, eastern UnitedStates) : to 1796 Crossroads

New Milford see NewarkNew Moat (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Y MôtNew Norfolk (town, Tasmania, southeastern

Australia) : to 1827 Elizabeth TownNew Orleans (city, Louisiana, southern United

States) : to 1803 French Nouvelle-OrléansNew Orleans Village see Torrington1Newport (city, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Cas-

newydd-ar-Wysg2Newport (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Trefdraeth3Newport (town, western Ireland) : Irish Baile Uí

FhiacháinNewport see Newport BeachNewport Beach (city, California, southwestern

United States) : formerly NewportNew Quay (village, western Wales) : Welsh

CeinewyddNew Radnor (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh

Maesyfed (The village was the original countytown of Radnorshire, Welsh Sir Faesyfed, abol-ished in 1974.)

New Ross (town, southeastern Ireland) : IrishRhos Mhic Thriúin

Newry (town, southeastern Northern Ireland) :Irish An tIúr

Newry Station see AtwoodNew Sarum see SalisburyNew Siberian Islands (northeastern Russia) :

[Russian Novosibirskiye Ostrova]New Site see 2AndalusiaNew South Wales see AustraliaNewstead (village, southeastern Scotland) :

Roman TrimontiumNewton (city, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1691 New TowneNewton see (1) 2Picton; (2) RidgewoodNewtonferry (village, Western Isles, northwest-

ern Scotland) : Gaelic Port nan LongNewton in Makerfield see Newton-le-WillowsNewton-le-Willows (town, northwestern En-

gland) : formerly Newton in Makerfield (Thetown’s adoption of the current name causespotential confusion with a village of the samename in Yorkshire.)

Newton’s Station see Glen EllynNewtown (town, east central Wales) : Welsh Y

DrenewyddNewtown see (1) Elmira; (2) Macon

New Town see 2WilmingtonNewtownards (town, eastern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Baile Nua na hArdaNewtownbarry see BunclodyNew Towne see (1) 2Cambridge; (2) NewtonNew Tredegar (town, southern Wales) : Welsh

Tredegar NewyddNew Westminster (city, British Columbia,

southwestern Canada) : originally Queensbor-ough

New Windsor see 1WindsorNew York (city, New York, northeastern United

States) : to 1664 New Amsterdam (DutchNieuw Amsterdam) (The city’s name is appliedby many only to the borough of Manhattan, ascoextensive with New York County, althoughit is properly that of the whole of New YorkCity, or Greater New York, including the“outer boroughs” of the Bronx, Brooklyn,Queens, and Staten Island.)

New Zealand (independent state, southwesternPacific) : Maori Aotearoa; formerly DutchStaaten Landt

Ney-Val’ter see SverdlovoNezametny see AldanNezider see Neusiedl am SeeNgaru see Port HedlandNguna (island, central Vanuatu) : formerly Mon-

tagu IslandNgunza see SumbeNhlangano (town, southwestern Swaziland) :

formerly GoedgegunNiagara see Niagara-on-the-LakeNiagara Falls (city, Ontario, southeastern Can-

ada) : 1856–1881 Clifton; to 1856 ElginNiagara-on-the-Lake (town, Ontario, south-

eastern Canada) : to 1906 Niagara; earlierNewark (The addition to the name distin-guished the town from nearby Niagara Falls.)

Nicaea see (1) jznik; (2) NiceNicaragua see RivasNice (city, southern France) : 1814–1860 Italian

Nizza; Roman NicaeaNicephorium see Ar RaqqahNicholas II Land see Severnaya ZemlyaNicomedia see jzmitNico Pérez see José Batlle y OrdoñezNicopolis see NikopolNicosia (city, north central Cyprus) : [modern

Greek Levkosía; Turkish Lefko£a]; formerlyLedra (In 1974 the city was divided by the At-tila Line, with the southern sector in theGreek-speaking Republic of Cyprus and thenorthern in the Turkish Republic of NorthernCyprus. In 2008 the border checkpoint inLedra Street, the city’s main shopping street,

141 Nicosia

was reopened, leading to hopes of reunificationfor the island as a whole.)

Nidaros see TrondheimNidum see NeathNidzica (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German NeidenburgNiegocin, Lake (northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German LöwentinNiemcza (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German NimptschNiemodlin (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German FalkenbergNie¢wie∞ see NyasvizhNieuport see NieuwpoortNieuw Amstel see New CastleNieuw Amsterdam see New YorkNieuwpoort (town, western Belgium) : French

NieuportNihon see JapanNiitoi see NovoyeNijmegen (city, eastern Netherlands) : 1939–

1944 German Nimwegen; Roman NoviomagusNijvel see NivellesNikel’ (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1944

Finnish KolosjokiNikitino see Nikopol’Nikitin Rog see Nikopol’Nikitinskiye Promysly see 1KirovskyNikitovka (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German MarienhofNikolainkaupunki see VaasaNikolaistad see VaasaNikolayev see 1,2MykolayivNikolayevka see NovovorontsovkaNikolayevka-Vyrevskaya see 2ZhovtneveNikolayevsk see PugachyovNikolayevskoye see 2KrasnogvardeyskoyeNikolsburg see MikulovNikol’sk (city, western Russia) : to 1954

Nikol’skaya PestravkaNikol’sk see UssuriyskNikol’skaya Pestravka see Nikol’skNikol’skaya Sloboda see OsaNikol’skoye see SheksnaNikol’sk-Ussuriysky see UssuriyskNikol’sky see SatpayevNikol’sky Khutor see SurskNikopol (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish Nyebol; Roman NicopolisNikopol’ (city, east central Ukraine) : to 1782

Mykytyne (Russian Nikitino); earlier MykytynRih (Russian Nikitin Rog)

Niksar (town, north central Turkey) : RomanNeocaesarea

Nik§iW (city, central Montenegro) : formerlyOnogo§t; Roman Anagastum

Nikumaroro (atoll, central Kiribati) : formerlyGardner Island

Nikunau (island, western Kiribati) : formerlyByron Island

Nile (river, eastern and northeastern Africa) :[Arabic An Nnl]

Niles (city, Ohio, north central United States) :1834–1843 Nilestown; to 1834 Heaton’s Furnace

Niles Center see SkokieNilestown see NilesNimburg see NymburkNîmes (city, southern France) : Roman NemaususNimptsch see NiemczaNimrud (ancient city, northern Iraq) : biblical

CalahNimwegen see NijmegenNin (village, southern Croatia) : 1941–1943 Ital-

ian Nona; Roman AenonaNinety Mile Beach see Eighty Mile BeachNingbo (city, eastern China) : 1911–1949 Nin-

gzianNingxian see NingboNiquelândia (city, east central Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese São José do TocantinsNi§ (city, southeastern Serbia) : Roman NaissusNísia Floresta (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1948

PapariNisibis see NusaybinNiterói (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1836 Portuguese

Villa Real da Praia GrandeNitra (city, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Nyitra; to 1867 German NeutraNitrianske Pravno (village, west central Slova-

kia) : to 1918 Hungarian Németpróna; to 1867German Deutsch-Proben

Niuafo’ou (island, northern Tonga) : formerlyProby Island

Niuatoputopu (island, northern Tonga) : for-merly Boscawen Island

Nivelles (town, central Belgium) : Flemish NijvelNivenskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German WittenbergNiwbwrch see NewboroughNizhnegorsky see Nyzhn’ohirs’kyyNizhnesaraninsky see SaranaNizhneserginsky Zavod see Nizhniye SergiNizhnetroitsky (town, western Russia) : to 1928

Nizhnetroitsky ZavodNizhnetroitsky Zavod see NizhnetroitskyNizhneturinsky Zavod see Nizhnyaya TuraNizhnevolzhsk see NarimanovNizhniye Kresty see CherskyNizhniye Sergi (town, west central Russia) : to

1928 Nizhneserginsky ZavodNizhniye Ustriki see Ustrzyki DolneNizhny Agdzhakend see Goranboy

Nidaros 142

Nizhnyaya Dobrinka see DobrinkaNizhnyaya Tura (city, west central Russia) : to

1929 Nizhneturinsky ZavodNizhny Naur see NadterechnayaNizhny Novgorod (city, western Russia) : 1932–

1990 Gor’ky (The city’s name, “Lower Nov-gorod,” distinguishes it from Veliky Nov-gorod, to the north near St. Petersburg, theadjective describing its status rather than itsrelative geographical position.)

Nizov’ye (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-man Waldau

Nizza see NiceNo see ThebesNocera Inferiore (town, southern Italy) : Roman

Nuceria AlfaternaNocera Umbra (town, central Italy) : Roman

NuceriaNoda see 1ChekhovNogales (town, Arizona, southwestern United

States) : to 1882 IsaacsonNogaysk see Prymors’kNoginsk (city, western Russia) : 1781–1930 Bogo-

rodsk; originally RogozhaNohays’ke see Prymors’kNolinsk (town, western Russia) : 1940–1957

MolotovskNome (town, Alaska, northwestern United

States) : originally Anvil CityNomentum see MentanaNona see NinNonouti (atoll, western Kiribati) : formerly

Sydenham IslandNoph see MemphisNorakert see BaghramyanNorashen see ßärurNorba see NormaNor-Bayazet see GavarrNordenskjöld Sea see Laptev SeaNordkapp see North CapeNord-Ostsee Kanal see Kiel CanalNorfolk (town, Nebraska, central United States)

: formerly Norfork; originally North ForkNorfolk Broads see Broads, TheNorfork see NorfolkNorge see NorwayNorinberga see NürnbergNorma (village, western Italy) : Roman NorbaNormal (town, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1857 North BloomingtonNormandie see NormandyNormandy (region, northern France) : [French

Normandie]Normanton see Port ElginNorman Wells (village, Northwest Territories,

northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit Legohli

Northampton see (1) Allentown; (2) MountHolly

North Bloomington see NormalNorth Borneo see SabahNorth Bridgewater see BrocktonNorth Cape (northern Norway) : [Norwegian

Nordkapp]North Chelsea see RevereNorth East Frontier Agency see Arunachal

PradeshNorthern see LimpopoNorthern Ireland (territory, western United

Kingdom) : colloquially Ulster (The colloquialname is properly that of the province of ninecounties that existed before the 1922 divisionof Ireland into an independent state in thesouth and a region of the United Kingdom inthe north. The present Northern Ireland hasonly six counties.)

Northern Rhodesia see ZambiaNorthern Transvaal see LimpopoNorth Fork see NorfolkNorth Greenfield see West AllisNorth Island (northern New Zealand) : Maori

Te Ika a Maui (The Maori name, meaning “thefish of Maui,” contrasts with those of SouthIsland and Stewart Island.)

North Land see Severnaya ZemlyaNorth Little Rock (city, Arkansas, south central

United States) : to 1901 Argenta; earlierHuntersville; to 1853 De Cantillon (Argentawas annexed by the city of Little Rock in1890.)

Northop (village, northeastern Wales) : WelshLlaneurgain

North Sea (northwestern Europe) : formerlyusually German Ocean; Roman Mare German-icum

North Tarrytown see Sleepy HollowNorthton (village, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic Taobh TuathNorth Uist (island, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic Uibhist a’ TuathNorth Vancouver (city, British Columbia,

southwestern Canada) : 1872–1907 MoodyvilleNorthwich (town, northwestern England) :

Roman CondateNorth Yakima see YakimaNorton de Matos see BalomboNorusovo see KalininoNorwalk (city, California, southwestern United

States) : originally CorvallisNorway (kingdom, northwestern Europe) :

[Norwegian Norge]Norwood (village, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1838 Keeler’s Mills

143 Norwood

Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Campinas deMatto Grosso see Campinas

Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhossee Guarulhos

Nossa Senhora das Dores de Tatuibi seeLimeira

Nossa Senhora do Livramento (town, north-eastern Brazil) : 1944–1948 Portuguese SãoJosé dos Cocais; to 1944 Portuguese Livra-mento

Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres de Itapetiningasee Itapetininga

Nosy Boraha (island, eastern Madagascar) : for-merly French Ste.-Marie

Nöteborg see Shlissel’burgNoto (town, southern Italy) : Roman NetumNotre-Dame-de-Foy see Ste.-FoyNotre-Dame-des-Hermites see EinsiedelnNottaway see SenneterreNouadhibou (town, northwestern Mauritania) :

to 1960s French Port-ÉtienneNouméa (town, southern New Caledonia, South

Pacific) : formerly French Port-de-FranceNouvelle Anvers see MakanzaNouvelle-Calédonie see New CaledoniaNouvelle-France see CanadaNouvelle-Lambèse see BatnaNouvelle-Orléans see New OrleansNouvelles-Hébrides see VanuatuNovabad see NavabadNová Baûa (town, south central Slovakia) : to

1918 Hungarian ÚjbányaNova Chaves see MucondaNova Civitas see Neustadt an der WeinstrasseNova Dantzig see CambéNova Era (town, southeastern Brazil) : 1930–

1944 Portuguese Presidente Vargas; to 1930Portuguese São José da Lagoa

Novaesium see NeussNova Freixo see CuambaNova Gaia see Cambundi-CatemboNova Gorica (town, western Slovenia) : 1919–

1947 Italian Gorizia Montesanto (See note forGorizia.)

Nova Gradi§ka (town, eastern Croatia) : to 1867German Neugradisca

Nova Iguaçu (city, eastern Brazil) : formerlyMaxambamba (The city is now a suburb ofRio de Janeiro.)

Nova Khrestivka see 1Kirovs’keNova Lamego see GabúNova Lisboa see HuamboNova Nadezhda (village, southeastern Bulgaria) :

to 1948 Knyaginya Nadezhda (The earliername, meaning “Princess Nadezhda,” becameunacceptable following the abolition of the

monarchy, so the authorities shrewdly adaptedit to a form meaning “New Hope.”)

Novantarum Peninsula see Rinns of GallowayNová Paka (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German NeupakaNova Prata (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 PrataNovara (city, northwestern Italy) : Roman No-

variaNovaria see NovaraNova Sintra see CatabolaNova Siri (town, southern Italy) : ancient Greek

SirisNova Sofala see SofalaNova Vicenza see FarroupilhaNovaya Aleksandriya see PuùawyNovaya Bukhara see KogonNovaya Derevnya see NovosibirskNovaya Eushta see TimiryazevskyNovaya Krestovka see 1Kirovs’keNovaya Lyalya (town, west central Russia) : to

c.1928 Novolyalinsky ZavodNovaya Nikol’skaya see OsaNovaya Pis’myanka see LeninogorskNovaya Zemlya (island group, northwestern

Russia) : formerly English Nova ZemblaNovaya Zhizn’ see KazankaNova Zagora (city, east central Bulgaria) : to

1878 Turkish Yeniza∑raNova Zembla see Novaya ZemlyaNové Mfisto nad Metují (town, northern Czech

Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Neu-stadt an der Mettau

Nové Mesto nad ¶atorom see Slovenské NovéMesto

Nové Mesto nad Váhom (town, western Slova-kia) : to 1918 Hungarian Vágújhely; to 1867German Waag-Neustadt

Nové Mfisto na Moravfi (town, east centralCzech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanNeustadtl

Nové Zámky (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Érsekújvár; to1867 German Neuhäusel

Novgorod see Veliky NovgorodNovgradets see SuvorovoNovi see (1) Bosanski Novi; (2) Sidi GhilesNovi Kritsim see StamboliyskiNoviodunum see (1) Nevers; (2) NyonNoviomagus see (1) Chichester; (2) Crayford;

(3) Lisieux; (4) Neumagen; (5) Nijmegen;(6) Noyon; (7) Speyer

Noviomagus Regnorum see Chichester1Novi Pazar (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish Yenipazar2Novi Pazar (city, southwestern Serbia) : to 1913

Turkish Yenipazar

Nossa Senhora da Conceição 144

Novi Sad (city, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941–1944 Hungarian Újvidék; to 1867 GermanNeusatz

Novi Travnik (town, central Bosnia-Herzego-vina) : formerly Pucarevo

Novo-Aleksandrovka see Melitopol’1Novoaleksandrovsk (city, southwestern Russia)

: to 1971 Novoaleksandrovskaya2Novoaleksandrovsk (town, eastern Russia) :

1905–1945 Japanese KonumaNovoaleksandrovsk see ZarasaiNovoaleksandrovskaya see 1Novoaleksan-

drovskNovoalekseyevka see KhobdaNovoaltaysk (town, southern Russia) : to 1962

ChesnokovkaNovoarkhangelsk see SitkaNovoasbest (town, west central Russia) : to 1933

Krasnouralsky RudnikNovoazovsk see Novoazovs’kNovoazovs’k (town, southeastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Novoazovsk); 1959–1966 Novoazovs’ke(Russian Novoazovskoye); 1923–1959 Bud’on-nivka (Russian Budyonnovka); to 1923 Novo-mykolayivka (Russian Novonikolayevka)

Novoazovs’ke see Novoazovs’kNovoazovskoye see Novoazovs’kNovobureysky (town, southeastern Russia) : for-

merly Bureya-Pristan’Novocheremshansk (town, western Russia) :

formerly Stary SalavanNovodvinsk (city, northwestern Russia) : to 1977

PervomayskyNovoekonomicheskoye see DymytrovNovoekonomichne see DymytrovNovogeorgiyevsk see (1) Modlin; (2) Svit-

lovods’kNovogordino see Krasnoye EkhoNovograd-Volynsk see Novohrad-Volyns’kyyNovograd-Volynsky see Novohrad-Volyn

s’kyyNovogroznensky see OyskharaNovogrudok see NavahrudakNovoheorhiyivs’ke see Svitlovods’kNovohrad-Volyns’kyy (city, northwestern

Ukraine) : (Russian Novograd-Volynsky); to1925 Russian Novograd-Volynsk (The earlierRussian name was adjusted to conform withUkrainian usage.)

Novokashirsk (town, western Russia) : c.1935–c.1957 Kaganovich; 1932–c.1935 Ternovsk; to1932 Ternovsky (The town was incorporatedinto the city of Kashira in 1963.)

Novokaterynoslav see SvatoveNovokazalinsk see Ayteke BiNovokiyevskoye see Kraskino

Novokubansk (city, southwestern Russia) : to1966 Novokubansky

Novokubansky see NovokubanskNovokuznetsk (city, southern Russia) : 1932–

1961 Stalinsk; to 1931 Kuznetsk-SibirskyNovolakskoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to

1944 Yaryksu-AukhNovolyalinsky Zavod see Novaya LyalyaNovolyubino see LyubinskyNovo-Mariinsk see Anadyr’Novo Mesto (town, southeastern Slovenia) : to

1918 German RudolfswerthNovominsk see Miüsk MazowieckiNovomoskovsk (city, western Russia) : 1934–

1961 Stalinogorsk; to 1934 BobrikiNovomykolayivka see (1) Chkalove;

(2) Novoazovs’kNovonazyvayevka see NazyvayevskNovonikolayevka see (1) Chkalove; (2) Novo-

azovs’kNovonikolayevsk see NovosibirskNovonikolayevsky see NovosibirskNovooleksandrivka see Melitopol’Novopashiysky see 2GornozavodskNovopavlovsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1981 NovopavlovskayaNovopavlovskaya see NovopavlovskNovopetrovskoye see Fort-ShevchenkoNovoradomsk see RadomskoNovo Redondo see SumbeNovorossiysk see Dnipropetrovs’kNovoselivka see 2FrunzeNovoselivs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Novosyolovskoye); to 1944 Fraidorf (Thetown was a Jewish settlement from themid–1920s to World War II.)

Novo Selo see D≠lgopolNovosel’skoye see Achkhoy-MartanNovoseltsi see Elin PelinNovoshakhtinsk (city, southwestern Russia) :

1929–1939 Komintern; earlier imeni III Inter-natsionala

Novosibirsk (city, southern Russia) : 1903–1926Novonikolayevsk; 1895–1903 Novonikolayevsky;1894–1895 Aleksandrovsky; to 1894 NovayaDerevnya (The current name of the Siberiancity was selected by readers of a regional news-paper. Other proposals were Krasnograd, Kras-nokuznetsk, Krasnosibirsk, Obgorod, Oktyabr’-grad, Sibgrad, and Sibkraygrad.)

Novosibirskiye Ostrova see New Siberian Is-lands

Novo-Starobinsk see SalihorskNovostroyevo (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German TrempenNovosyolovka see 2Frunze

145 Novosyolovka

Novosyolovskoye see Novoselivs’keNovotroitskoye see (1) Sokuluk; (2) Tole BiNovourgench see UrganchNovovoronezh (city, western Russia) : to 1987

NovovoronezhskyNovovoronezhsky see NovovoronezhNovovorontsovka (town, south central Ukraine)

: to 1821 Mykolayivka (Russian Nikolayevka)Novovyatsk (city, western Russia) : 1939–1955

Lesozavodsky; to 1939 Grukhi (The former citywas incorporated into Kirov in 1989.)

Novoye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Niitoi

Novoyekaterinoslav see SvatoveNovy Afon see Akhali Ap’oniNovï Bor (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1946 Bor u Teské LípyNovï Byd±ov (town, north central Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Neubid-schow

Novy Donbass see DymytrovNovï JiVín (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German NeutitscheinNovy Margelan see Farg’onaNovy Uzen’ see ZhanaozenNovy Yarychev see Novyy YarychivNovyy Donbas see DymytrovNovyye Aldy see Chernorech’yeNovyye Aneny see Anenii NoiNovyye Kholmogory see Arkhangel’skNovyye Petushki see PetushkiNovyy Yarychiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Novy Yarychev) : 1349–1772, 1919–1939Polish Jaryczów Nowy

Novy Zay see ZainskNowa Ruda (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German NeurodeNowa Sól (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man NeusalzNowawes see BabelsbergNowe Miasteczko (town, western Poland) : to

1945 German NeustädtelNowe ¡widciany see ¶venVioncliaiNowe Warpno (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German NeuwarpNowogard (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German NeugardNowogródek see NavahrudakNowogrodziec (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Naumburg am QueisNowy Bytom see Ruda ¡lRskaNowy Dwór Gdaüski (town, northern Poland) :

1772–1945 German TiegenhofNowy Port (suburban district, northern Poland)

: 1793–1945 German Neufahrwasser (NowyPort is a port area of Gdaüsk.)

Nowy SRcz (city, southeastern Poland) : to 1945German Neusandez

Nowy Staw (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1945German Neuteich

Nowy Targ (town, southern Poland) : to 1918,1940–1945 German Neumarkt

Nowy Tomy§l (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Neu-tomischel

Noyon (town, northern France) : Roman Novio-magus

Nozhay-Yurt (village, southwestern Russia) :1940s–1950s Andalaly

Nsanje (city, southern Malawi) : to 1964 PortHerald

Ntshingwayo Dam (eastern South Africa) : to2000 Chelmsford Dam

Nuanetsi see MweneziNuceria see Nocera UmbraNuceria Alfaterna see Nocera InferioreNuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Ponce see

PonceNuestra Señora de la Candelaria de El Banco

see El BancoNuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez

see MayagüezNuestra Señora de la Paz see La PazNuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo Zuñiga see

GoliadNuestra Señora del Puerto de las Conchas see

1San FernandoNueva Buenos Aires see Bahía BlancaNueva Caceres see NagaNueva Ciudad de San Salvador see Nueva San

SalvadorNueva Córdoba see CumanáNueva Filipina see Pinar del RíoNueva Isabela see Santo DomingoNueva Madrid see OcañaNueva San Salvador (city, west central El Salva-

dor) : originally Nueva Ciudad de San SalvadorNueva Valencia del Rey see 2ValenciaNueva Villa de Salamanca see San GermánNueva Zamora see MaracaiboNukha see ßäkiNukulaelae (atoll, southern Tuvalu) : formerly

Mitchell IslandNukunonu (atoll, central Tokelau) : formerly

Duke of Clarence IslandNumantia see GarrayNunap Isua see Farewell, CapeNunnepog see EdgartownNurabad see NurobodNuremberg see NürnbergNuristan (region, eastern Afghanistan) : formerly

Kafiristan

Novosyolovskoye 146

Nürnberg (city, south central Germany) : tradi-tional English Nuremberg; Medieval LatinNorinberga (The traditional spelling becamefamiliar from the “Nuremberg trials” of Ger-man war criminals after World War II.)

Nurobod (town, east central Uzbekistan) : (Rus-sian Nurabad); to 1983 Sovetabad

Nusaybin (town, southeastern Turkey) : ancientGreek Nisibis

Nussdorf see NQsQudNuuk (town, southwestern Greenland) : to 1979

GodthåbNyagan’ (town, west central Russia) : formerly

NyakhNyahururu (town, central Kenya) : to 1975

Thomson’s FallsNyakh see Nyagan’Nyanda see MasvingoNyando see RooseveltownNyasa, Lake see Malawi, LakeNyasaland see MalawiNyasvizh (city, western Belarus) : (Russian

Nesvizh); 1919–1939 Polish Nie¢wie∞; to 1918Russian Nesvizh

Nyebol see NikopolNyfer see NevernNyitra see NitraNyitrabánya see HandlováNyland see UudenmaanNylstroom see ModimolleNymburk (town, west central Czech Republic) :

1939–1945 German Neuenburg an der Elbe; to1918 German Nimburg

Nyon (town, western Switzerland) : RomanNoviodunum

Nysa (city, southern Poland) : to 1945 GermanNeisse

Nystad see UusikaupunkiNyzhn’ohirs’kyy (town, southern Ukraine) :

(Russian Nizhnegorsky); to 1944 SeitlerN’zeto (town, northwestern Angola) : formerly

AmbrizeteOak Bluffs (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1907 Cottage CityOak Glen see GlenviewOak Park (town, Illinois, north central United

States) : originally Oak RidgeOak Ridge see Oak ParkOban (town, southern New Zealand) : alternate

Half-Moon BayObbe see LeverburghObdorsk see SalekhardÓbecse see BeVejObedinenie (village, northern Bulgaria) : 1941–

1978 Knyaz SimeonovoObedovo see 4Oktyabr’sky

Oberdorf see RemennikovoOberglogau see GùogówekOberhaid see Horní Dvo†i§tfiOberlaibach see VrhnikaObernick see ObornikiObernigk see Oborniki ¡lRskieObernik see ObornikiOberpahlen see PõltsamaaOber-Radkersburg see Gornja RadgonaOberwart (town, eastern Austria) : to 1919 Hun-

garian FelsâârObiralovka see 1ZheleznodorozhnyOborniki (town, western Poland) : 1939–1945

German Obernick; 1815–1919 German ObernikOborniki ¡lRskie (town, southwestern Poland) :

to 1945 German ObernigkObruchevo see DashtobodObukhivka see 2Kirovs’keObukhovka see 2Kirovs’keOcaña (city, northern Colombia) : originally

Nueva MadridOcean Beach see Miami BeachOcean Island see BanabaOcean Springs (town, Mississippi, southeastern

United States) : 1853–1854 Lynchburg; to 1853Fort Maurepas

Ochiai see DolinskOcriculum see OtricoliOcrinum Promontorium see Lizard, TheOctapitarum Promontorium see St. David’s

HeadÖdenburg see SopronOdenpäh see OtepääOder (river, northeastern Czech Republic/south-

western Poland/northeastern Germany) :Czech and Polish Odra (For much of its coursethe river forms the border between Poland andGermany.)

Oderberg see BohumínOdertal see ZdzieszowiceOderzo (town, northeastern Italy) : Roman

OpitergiumOdesa see OdessaOdessa (city, southern Ukraine) : [Ukrainian

Odesa]; (Russian Odessa); to 1918 Russian OdessaOdessus see VarnaOdolanów (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German AdelnauOdorheiu Secuiesc (city, central Romania) : to

1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian SzékelyudvarhelyOdra see OderOdrin see EdirneOea see 2TripoliOels see Ole¢nicaOfanto (river, southeastern Italy) : Roman

Aufidus

147 Ofanto

Offaly (county, east central Ireland) : Irish UíbhFhailí; 1577–1920 English King’s County

Offa’s Dyke (entrenchment, eastern Wales) :Welsh Clawdd Offa (The linear earthwork thattoday approximately corresponds to the borderbetween England and Wales was built in the8th century by Offa, king of Mercia, to markthe western boundary of his territory.)

Offutt Air Force Base (Nebraska, central UnitedStates) : to 1924 Fort Crook

Ogasawara-gunto see Bonin IslandsOgden (city, Utah, western United States) : orig-

inally BrownsvilleOglethorpe, Mt. (Georgia, southeastern United

States) : to 1929 Grassy MountainOgmore-by-Sea (village, southern Wales) :

Welsh OgwrOgmore Vale (village, southern Wales) : Welsh

Cwm OgwrOgnyanovo (village, south central Bulgaria) : to

1948 MaritsaOgumkiqueok see LiverpoolOgwr see Ogmore-by-SeaÓgyalla see HurbanovoO’Higgins Land see Antarctic PeninsulaOhlau see OùawaOhri see OhridOhrid (town, southwestern Macedonia) : 1915–

1918 Bulgarian Okhrida; to 1913 Turkish Ohri;ancient Greek Lychidnos

Okchelar see 2AleksandrovoOkhrida see OhridOkiato see RussellOkinawa (city, southern Japan) : formerly KozaOkny see Krasni OknyOko see YasnomorskyOkonek (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German RatzebuhrOkotoks (town, Alberta, southwestern Canada) :

to 1897 DewdneyOktemberyan see ArmavirOktyabr’sk see KandyagashOktyabrs’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Oktyabr’skoye); to 1945 Biyuk-Onlar1Oktyabr’skoye (village, southwestern Russia,

near Vladikavkaz) : formerly Kartsa; to 1944Sholkhi

2Oktyabr’skoye (village, southwestern Russia,near Meleuz) : 1923–1937 Kashirinskoye; to1923 Isayevo-Dedovo

3Oktyabr’skoye (village, west central Russia,near Nyagan’) : to 1963 Kondinskoye

4Oktyabr’skoye (village, western Russia, nearMariinsky Posad) : to 1939 Ismeli

Oktyabr’skoye see (1) Oktyabrs’ke; (2) 1Zhovt-neve

1Oktyabr’sky (town, eastern Russia, near Ust’-Bol’sheretsk) : formerly imeni Mikoyana

2Oktyabr’sky (town, southwestern Russia, nearBelgorod) : 1938–1960 Mikoyanovka; to 1938Voskresenovka

3Oktyabr’sky (town, western Russia, near Bor) :to 1957 imeni V.M. Molotova

4Oktyabr’sky (town, western Russia, nearIvanovo) : to 1941 Obedovo

5Oktyabr’sky (town, western Russia, nearGalich) : to 1939 Brantovka

6Oktyabr’sky (town, western Russia, nearMikhaylov) : to 1927 Sapronovo

7Oktyabr’sky (town, southwestern Russia, nearVolgograd) : formerly Kruglyakov

8Oktyabr’sky (village, western Russia, near Kras-noufimsk) : formerly Chad

Oktyabr’sky see (1) Aktsyabrski; (2) Takhta-mukay

Oùawa (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-man Ohlau

Olbia (town, northeastern Sardinia, Italy) : to1939 Terranova Pausania

Olcinium see UlcinjOld Delhi see DelhiOld Harry’s Town see 2ManchesterOld Hickory (village, Tennessee, east central

United States) : to 1923 JacksonvilleOld Sarum see SalisburyOldtown see HarrodsburgOlecko (town, northeastern Poland) : 1938–1945

German Treuburg; 1928–1938 GermanOletzko; to 1928 Marggrabowa

Oleksandrivka see Lozno-OleksandrivkaOleksandrivs’k see ZaporizhzhyaOleksiyeve-Leonove see TorezOleksiyeve-Orlivka see Shakhtars’kOleksiyivka see TorezOlenacum see IlkleyOlenegorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to

1957 Olen’yaOlenivka see Zoryns’kOlenivs’ki Kar’yery see Dokuchayevs’kOlen’ya see OlenegorskOleshky see Tsyurupyns’kOle¢nica (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German OelsOlesno (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man RosenbergOletzko see OleckoOl’ginskoye see KochubeyevskoyeOlicana see IlkleyOlifantshoek see 4AlexandriaOlisipo see LisbonOlita see AlytusOliva see Oliwa

Offaly 148

Olivença see LupilichiOlives, Mount of (ridge, south central West

Bank) : alternate biblical OlivetOlivet see Olives, Mount ofOliwa (city district, northern Poland) : 1772–

1919, 1939–1945 German Oliva (Oliwa is a res-idential distict of Gdaüsk.)

Olkhivchyk see Shakhtars’kOl’khovchik see Shakhtars’kOl’khovsky see ArtyomovskOlkusz (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945

German IlkenauOllila see SolnechnoyeOlmütz see OlomoucOlomouc (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German OlmützOlonets (town, northwestern Russia) : formerly

Finnish AunusOlsztyn (city, northeastern Poland) : 1772–1945

German AllensteinOlsztynek (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German HohensteinÓlubló see Stará L’ubovûaOl’viopil’ see 2Pervomays’kOl’viopol’ see 2Pervomays’kOlympia (city, Washington, northwestern

United States) : originally SmithfieldOlympus, Mt. see (1) Troodos; (2) Ulu DagOl’zheras see MezhdurechenskOmagh (town, west central Northern Ireland) :

Irish An ÓmaighOman (sultanate, southeastern Arabia) : to 1970

Muscat and OmanOmdurman (city, east central Sudan) : [Arabic

Umm DurmIn] (The English name is associ-ated with the 1898 Anglo-Egyptian victoryover the Sudanese tribesmen of the khalifah‘Abd Allah.)

Omi§ (town, southern Croatia) : to 1918 ItalianAmissa

Omurtag (town, east central Bulgaria) : to 1878Turkish Osmanpazar

On see HeliopolisOndjiva (town, southern Angola) : formerly Por-

tuguese Vila Pereira de EçaOneonta (town, New York, northeastern United

States) : to 1832 McDonald’s BridgeOne£ti (city, eastern Romania) : to 1990 Gheorge

Gheorgiu-DejOnogo§t see Nik§iWOnslow Courthouse see 2JacksonvilleOntario (province, southern Canada) : 1841–

1867 Canada West; 1791–1841 Upper Canada(The historical names for the province were es-sentially interchangeable. Cp. Quebec.)

Oostende see Ostend

Ootacamund see UdagamandalamOothcaloga see CalhounOpatija (town, western Croatia) : to 1947 Italian

AbbaziaOpava (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German TroppauÓpazova see Stara PazovaOpitergium see OderzoOpole (city, southern Poland) : to 1945 German

OppelnOpon see Lapu-LapuOporto (city, northwestern Portugal) : [Por-

tuguese Porto] (English generally prefers thecity’s earlier Portuguese name, itself simplyrepresenting o porto, “the port.”)

Oppeln see OpoleOptikogorsk see 1KrasnogorskOradea (city, northwestern Romania) : to 1918,

1940–1944 Hungarian Nagyvárad; to 1867German Grosswardein

Oral (city, northwestern Kazakhstan) : to 1991Russian Ural’sk

Oran (city, northwestern Algeria) : [ArabicWahrIn] (The city has retained the French co-lonial spelling of the Arabic name.)

1Orange (town, southeastern France) : RomanArausio

2Orange (city, California, southwestern UnitedStates) : to 1875 Richland

3Orange (town, Texas, southern United States) :1852–1856 Madison; to 1852 Green’s Bluff

Orange see HillsboroughOrange Free State see Free StateOranienbaum see LomonosovOrany see VarcnaOra£ul Stalin see Bra£ovOrcades see Orkney IslandsOrchard Park (town, New York, northeastern

United States) : to 1934 East HamburgOrdona (village, southeastern Italy) : Roman

HerdoniaOrdzhonikidze see (1) Denisovka; (2) Khara-

gauli; (3) Vladikavkaz; (4) YenakiyeveOrdzhonikidzeabad see KofarnihonOrdzhonikidzegrad see BezhitsaOrdzhonikidze Kray see Stavropol’ KrayOrdzhonikidzevskaya see SleptsovskayaOrekhi-Vydritsa see ArekhawskOrekhovsk see ArekhawskOre Mountains see ErzgebirgeOrenburg (city, southwestern Russia) : 1938–

1957 Chkalov (The city, founded on the site ofpresent-day Orsk, moved to its present loca-tion in 1743, keeping its original name.)

Orense (city, northwestern Spain) : RomanAquae Originis

149 Orense

Oreshek see Shlissel’burgOrestiada (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish EmirliØresund (strait, western Denmark/southern

Sweden) : dated English The SoundOrgeyev see OrheiOrgtrud (town, western Russia) : 1927-c.1940

LemeshenskyOrhanie see (1) Botevgrad; (2) KaVanikOrhei (city, central Moldova) : (Russian

Orgeyev); to 1918 Russian OrgeyevOrientale (province, northeastern Democratic

Republic of the Congo) : 1997 Haut-Congo;1971–1997 Haut-Zaïre; 1947–1971 Orientale;1933–1947 Stanleyville; to 1933 Orientale

Orizaba see CitlaltépetlOrizona (city, east central Brazil) : to 1944

Campo FormosoOrjonikidzeobod see KofarnihonOrkhaniye see BotevgradOrkney Islands (northern Scotland) : Roman

OrcadesOrlando (city, Florida, southeastern United

States) : to 1857 JerniganOrlau see OrlováOrleans see OrléansOrléans (city, north central France) : English

Orleans; Roman Aurelianum; earlier RomanGenabum (The English form of the name isassociated with the English siege of the townin 1429 relieved by Joan of Arc, the “Maidof Orleans,” during the Hundred Years’War.)

Orléansville see Ech ChélifOrlov (town, western Russia) : 1923–1992 Khal-

turinOrlová (town, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939–

1945 German Orlau; 1918–1919, 1938–1939Polish Orùowa; to 1918 German Orlau

Orlovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Ushiro

Orùowa see OrlováOrlyak (village, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1947

Mackensen (The former name is that of theGerman World War I commander August vonMackensen, with his own name of Scottishorigin.)

Ormond Beach (city, Florida, southeasternUnited States) : to 1880 New Britain

Ormo± (village, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918German Friedau

Orneta (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Wormditt

Orolaunum see ArlonOrona (island, central Kiribati) : formerly Hull

Island

Orono (town, Maine, northeastern UnitedStates) to 1840 Stillwater

Orontes (river, western Syria) : [Arabic Nahr al-‘A•n]

Orontes see AlwandOroszvár see RusovceOrschowa see Or£ovaOrsk (city, southwestern Russia) : originally

Orenburg (The city stands on the original loca-tion of Orenburg.)

Orsona see OsunaOrsova see Or£ovaOr£ova (town, southwestern Romania) : to

1918 Hungarian Orsova; to 1867 GermanOrschowa

Ortaköy see IvaylovgradOrtelsburg see SzczytnoOr¨mnyeh (city, northwestern Iran) : alternate

dated Urmia; 1930s-1979 RezI’nyeh (The samenames apply to the lake near which the citystands.)

Orvieto (town, central Italy) : Medieval LatinUrbs Vetus

Orzysz (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Arys

Osa (town, western Russia) : to 1737 Osinskaya;earlier Novaya Nikol’skaya; originallyNikol’skaya Sloboda

Osaka (city, southern Japan) : formerly NaniwaOsca see HuescaOsceola see Winter ParkÖsel see SaaremaaOshawa (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : to

1842 Skea’s CornersOshkosh (city, Wisconsin, north central United

States) : to 1840 AthensOshmyany see AshmyanyOsijek (city, eastern Croatia) : to 1867 German

EssegOsimo (town, central Italy) : Roman AuximumOsinskaya see OsaOsipenko see Berdyans’kÖskemen (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : alternate

Russian Ust’-KamenogorskOslo (city, southeastern Norway) : 1877–1924

Kristiania; 1624–1877 Christiania; MedievalLatin Asloga (The city’s original site was east ofthe Aker River. After a disastrous fire in 1624,it was rebuilt on its present site at the head ofOslo Fjord.)

Osmanabad (district, south central India) : toc.1900 Naldrug

Osmanpazar see OmurtagOsnabrück (city, northwestern Germany) : for-

merly English OsnaburgOsnaburg see Osnabrück

Oreshek 150

O¢no Lubuskie (town, western Poland) : to 1945German Drossen

Osoblaha (village, eastern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1939–1945 German Hotzenplotz

Ossersee see ZarasaiOssining (town, New York, northeastern United

States) : to 1901 Sing Sing (The former namecontinued for the state prison here, renamedOssining Correctional Facility in 1969.)

Ostenburg see PuùtuskOstend (town, western Belgium) : [Flemish Oos-

tende; French Ostende] (The English form ofthe name is regularly used not only for theport but in a historical context for the raid in1918 by British naval forces on the Germansubmarine base here.)

Ostende see OstendOsterode see OstródaÖsterreich see AustriaÖsterreich-Ungarn see Austria-HungaryOstgeym see Tel’manoveOstheym see Tel’manoveOstian Way see ViaOstrava (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German Mährisch-Ostrau (TheCzech equivalent of the German name isMoravská Ostrava, “Moravian Ostrava,” thecity west of the Ostravice River. East of theriver is Slezská Ostrava, “Silesian Ostrava.”)

Ostróda (city, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Osterode (When in East Prussia, thecity was known as Osterode in Ostpreussen, dis-tinguishing it from Osterode am Harz in cen-tral Germany, now usually known as simplyOsterode.)

Ostrog see OstrohOstróg see OstrohOstroh (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Os-

trog); 1919–1939 Polish OstrógOstroùdka (city, northeastern Poland) : 1939–

1945 German Scharfenwiese; to 1915 RussianOstrolenka

Ostrolenka see OstroùdkaOstrov see Ostrów MazowieckaOstrovo see ArnissaOstrovskoye (town, western Russia) : to 1956

SemyonovskoyeOstrów Mazowiecka (town, east central Poland)

: to 1915 Russian OstrovOstrowo see Ostrów WielkopolskiOstrów Wielkopolski (city, west central Poland)

: 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 GermanOstrowo

Ostrzeszów (town, southwestern Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Schildberg

Ostyako-Vogul’sk see Khanty-Mansiysk

Osuna (city, southwestern Spain) : Roman Or-sona; earlier Roman Urso

O¢widcim (town, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945 German Auschwitz (The German namecontinues in use, even among Poles, to refer tothe World War II concentration camp here,formally Auschwitz-Birkenau, Polish O¢widcim-Brzezinka.)

Osypenko see Berdyans’kOszmiana see AshmyanyOtaihape see TaihapeOtani see SokolOtdykh see ZhukovskyOtegen Batyr (town, southeastern Kazakhstan) :

formerly Russian EnergeticheskyOtepää (town, southeastern Estonia) : to 1917

German OdenpähOtero see La JuntaOtmuchów (town, southern Poland) : to 1945

German OttmachauOtoVac (town, western Croatia) : to 1867 Ger-

man OttochaczOtomari see KorsakovOtpor see Zabaykal’skOtradnoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German Georgenswalde (This Otradnoye, nearKaliningrad, should not be confused with thelarger Otradnoye near St. Petersburg.)

Otradnoye see OtradnyOtradny (city, western Russia) : to 1956 Otrad-

noyeOtranto (town, southeastern Italy) : Roman Hy-

druntumOtricoli (village, central Italy) : Roman Ocricu-

lumOtrogovo see StepnoyeOtrokovice (town, southeastern Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1939–1945 German OtrokowitzOtrokowitz see Otrokovice1Ottawa (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : to

1854 Bytown2Ottawa (town, Illinois, north central United

States) : originally CarboniaOttlukköy see PanagyurishteOttmachau see OtmuchówOttochacz see OtoVacOttumwa (town, Iowa, north central United

States) : to 1845 LouisvilleOtvazhnoye see ZhigulyovskOtvazhny see ZhigulyovskOudenaarde (town, western Belgium) : French

AudenardeOudergem see AuderghemOudh see AyodhyaOued el Abtal (town, northwestern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French Uzès-le-Duc

151 Oued el Abtal

Oued Rhio (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962French Inkermann

Ouessant (island, northwestern France) : tradi-tional English Ushant; Roman Uxantis; alter-nate Roman Uxisama (The English form of thename is associated with the naval battle of1794 between the British and French fleets.Both sides claimed victory, but the Englishsubsequently dubbed the encounter the “Glo-rious First of June.”)

Oughterard (town, western Ireland) : IrishUachtar Ard

Ouidah (town, southern Benin) : conventionalEnglish Whydah

Ouled Mimoun (town, northwestern Algeria) :to c.1962 French Lamoricière

Ouled Moussa (town, northern Algeria) : toc.1962 French St.-Pierre-St.-Paul

Oulmès (village, northwestern Morocco) : for-merly Tarmilate

Oulu (city, western Finland) : to 1809 SwedishUleåborg

Oulx (village, northwestern Italy) : 1937–1960Ulzio

Ourinhos (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerlyJacarézinho

Ouro Prêto (city, eastern Brazil) : originally VilaRica

Outer Hebrides see Western IslesOuter Mongolia see MongoliaOver-the-River see San AngeloOverton (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

OwrtynOvetum see OviedoOviedo (city, northern Spain) : Roman OvetumOvilava see WelsOwando (town, central Congo) : to 1977 French

Fort-RoussetOwen Falls see Nalubaale FallsOwensboro (city, Kentucky, east central United

States) : to 1866 RossboroughOwen Sound (town, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1857 SydenhamOwrtyn see OvertonOxford (city, south central England) : Medieval

Latin OxoniaOxford see WoodstockOxonia see OxfordOxus see Amu DaryaOyrot see AltayOyrot-Tura see Gorno-AltayskOysangur see OyskharaOyskhara (town, southwestern Russia) : 1944–

1989 Novogroznensky; to 1944 OysangurOyster Island see Ellis IslandOyster River see 2Durham

Özalp (village, southeastern Turkey) : formerlyKarakalli

Ozamiz ( city, southern Philippines) : to late1940s Misamis

Oznachennoye see SayanogorskOzurget’i (town, southwestern Georgia) : 1934–

1991 MakharadzeOzyorki (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man Gross-LindenauOzyorsk (town, western Russia) : 1938–1945

German Angerapp; to 1938 German Dark-ehmen (The name Angerapp, from the riverhere, was adopted because the Nazis felt theearlier name was “not German enough.”)

Ozyorsky (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Nagahama

Paamiut (settlement, southern Greenland) : for-merly Danish Frederikshåb

Pabianice (city, central Poland) : 1940–1945German Pabianitz

Pabianitz see PabianicePabradc (town, eastern Lithuania) : 1921–1939

Polish Podbrodzie; to 1921 Russian Podberez’yePacaca see Ciudad ColónPacajus (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

GuaraniPacific City see Huntington BeachPacific Ocean (between Arctic and Antarctic) :

formerly South Sea (The Pacific, so named byMagellan in 1520, was earlier named South Seaby Balboa on sighting it in 1513.)

Paczków (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945German Patschkau

Padali see AmurskPaderno (village, northern Italy) : to 1950

Paderno OssolaroPaderno Ossolaro see PadernoPadilla (town, south central Bolivia) : to 1900s

La LagunaPadova see PaduaPadre Las Casas (town, southwestern Domini-

can Republic) : to 1928 TúbanoPadre Miguelinho see 1Santo AntônioPadua (city, northeastern Italy) : [Italian Padova];

Roman PataviumPadus see PoPaestum see PestoPag (town, western Croatia) : to 1918 Italian

Pago (The town is on the island of the samename.)

Pagalu see AnnobónPagcgiai (town, southwestern Lithuania) : to

1945 German Pogegen (The Lithuanian andGerman names were equally valid over the pe-riod 1923–1939.)

Pago see Pag

Oued Rhio 152

Pago Pago (town, southern American Samoa) :formerly Pango-Pango

Pahlavi Dezh see Aq QalehPaide (town, central Estonia) : to 1918 German

WeissensteinPainesville (town, Ohio, north central United

States) : to 1816 ChampionPainscastle (village, eastern Wales) : Welsh

Castell-paenPaisley (village, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1856 Mud RiverPaís Vasco see 1Basque CountryPaituk see VosePakhtaabad see PaxtaobodPaklay see XaignabouliPaknam see Samut PrakanPalaestina see PalestinePalánka see BaVka PalankaPalantia see PalenciaPalárikovo (town, southern Slovakia) : 1945–

1948 Slovenskï Meder; to 1918, 1938–1945Hungarian Tótmegyer

Palashi (village, eastern India) : English Plassey(The English name became familiar from thedecisive victory of British forces over thenawab of Bengal here in 1757, so preparing theway for British dominion over eastern India.)

Palawan (island, southwestern Philippines) : for-merly Paragua

Paldiski (city, northwestern Estonia) : formerlyEnglish Baltic Port; 1917–1939 GermanBaltisch-Port; 1783–1917 Russian Baltiysky port;1723–1783 Rogervik

Palencia (city, north central Spain) : RomanPalantia

Palermo (city, southern Italy) : Roman PanormusPalestina see JordâniaPalestine (territory, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic

Fila•tnn]; Roman Palaestina; biblical Canaan;alternate biblical Zion (The present name wasintroduced by the Roman emperor Hadrian inthe 2d century A.D. as Syria Palaestina, fromPhilistia, a small area on the Mediterraneancoast north of Gaza occupied by the Philistinesin the 12th century B.C. The Jewish name ofPalestine is Eretz Yisra’el, “land of Israel.” Seealso Jerusalem.)

Palestrina (town, central Italy) : Roman Praen-este

Palestro see LakhdariaPalikao see TighenifPalissy see Sidi KhaledPalma see (1) Coreaú; (2) ParanãPalm Beach (town, Florida, southeastern United

States) : to 1887 Palm CityPalm City see Palm Beach

Palmeira see Palmeira das MissõesPalmeira das Missões (city, southern Brazil) : to

1944 PalmeiraPalmeirais (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese BelémPalmeiras see (1) Palmeiras de Goiás; (2) Santa

Cruz das PalmeirasPalmeiras de Goiás (town, central Brazil) :

1944–1948 Mataúna; to 1944 PalmeirasPalmer Land see Antarctic PeninsulaPalmer Peninsula see Antarctic PeninsulaPalmerston see (1) Darwin; (2) Palmerston

NorthPalmerston North (city, north central New

Zealand) : to 1873 Palmerston (The addition tothe name obviated confusion with the existingtown of Palmerston to the south. A change ofname to Manawatu was proposed but this alsoexisted as a river and district name.)

Palmnicken see YantarnyPalm Springs (city, California, southwestern

United States) : to c.1890 Agua CalientePalmyra see (1) Santos Dumont; (2) TadmurPalomar, Mt. (California, southwestern United

States) : to 1901 Smith MountainPamirsky Post see MurgapPampeluna see PamplonaPamplona (city, northern Spain) : Basque Iruña;

formerly Pampeluna; Roman PompaeloPamukkale (village, southwestern Turkey) : an-

cient Greek HierapolisPamyati 13 Bortsov (village, southern Russia) :

formerly ZnamenskyPanagyurishte (town, west central Bulgaria) : to

1878 Turkish OttlukköyPanaji (city, western India) : to 1961 Portuguese

Nova Goa (The former name, “New Goa,” de-scribes the city’s status as capital of PortugueseIndia after the decline of Old Goa.)

PanVevo (city, north central Serbia) : to 1918Hungarian Pancsova

Pancsova see PanVevoPandaklii see TenevoPando (department, northwestern Bolivia) : to

1938 Spanish ColoniasPándorf see ParndorfPaneas see BaniasPanevezhis see Panevc±ysPanevc±ys (city, north central Lithuania) : (Rus-

sian Panevezhis); to 1918 Russian PonevezhPanfilov see ZharkentPango-Pango see Pago PagoPanj (town, southwestern Tajikistan) : (Russian

Pyandzh); 1936–1963 Russian Kirovabad; 1931–1936 Russian Baumanabad; to 1931 Saray-Komar

153 Panj

Pannonhalma (village, northwestern Hungary) :to 1965 Gyârszentmárton

Panopolis see AkhmnmPanormus see PalermoPanticapaeum see KerchPapari see Nísia FlorestaPapcastle (village, northwestern England) :

Roman Derventio (The Roman name derivedfrom the Derwent River here.)

Papua (province, eastern Indonesia) : formerlyIrian Jaya; 1963–1969 Irian Barat; to 1963Dutch New Guinea (Papua occupies the west-ern part of the island of New Guinea. Theeastern part is occupied by the independentstate of Papua New Guinea. In 2003 the west-ern part of Papua was demarcated as the prov-ince of West Papua.)

Papua Barat see West PapuaPará see BelémParadise Island (north central Bahamas) : for-

merly Hog IslandParaetonium see Marsa MatruhParagua see PalawanParaguaçu see Paraguaçu PaulistaParaguaçu Paulista (city, southeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Araguaçu; to 1944 ParaguaçuParaíba see João PessoaParaibuna see Juiz de ForaParaná (city, northeastern Argentina) : originally

Bajada de Santa FeParanã (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Portu-

guese PalmaParanaíba (city, western Brazil) : to 1939 Portu-

guese Santana do ParanaíbaParati see AraquariParatinga (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 Portu-

guese Rio BrancoParavadq see ProvadiyaParchwitz see ProchowiceParco see SinclairPardubice (town, north central Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1939–1945 German PardubitzPardubitz see PardubiceParedón see AnzaldoParion see Kemer1Paris (city, northern France) : Roman Parisii;

earlier Roman Lutetia2Paris (town, Kentucky, east central United

States) : to 1790 Bourbontown; originally Hope-well

Parisii see 1ParisParium see KemerParizhskaya Kommuna see Pereval’s’kPárkány see ¶túrovoPark City (village, Kentucky, east central United

States) : to 1938 Glasgow Junction

Parkersburg (city, West Virginia, east centralUnited States) : originally Neal’s Station

Park Ridge (city, Illinois, north central UnitedStates) : to 1873 Brickton; originally Pennyville

Parma (city, Ohio, east central United States) :to 1826 Greenbriar (The city is now a suburbof Cleveland.)

Parmentier see Sidi Ali BoussidiParnamirim (town, northeastern Brazil) : to

1944 Portuguese LeopoldinaParnarama (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–

1948 Portuguese Matões; to 1944 PortugueseSão José dos Matões

Parnassus see LiakouraParndorf (village, eastern Austria) : to 1918 Hun-

garian PándorfPärnu (city, southwestern Estonia) : (Russian

Pyarnu); to 1918 Russian PernovParral see Hidalgo del ParralParramatta (city, New South Wales, southeast-

ern Australia) : to 1791 Rose Hill (The city isnow a suburb of Sydney.)

Parreiras see CaldasPars see FIrsParsonstown see BirrPartenit see Frunzens’kePartizansk (city, eastern Russia) : 1932–1972

Suchan; to 1932 Suchansky RudnikPartizánske (town, western Slovakia) : 1948–

1949 Bat’ovany; to 1948 ¶imonovanyPartizanskoye (village, southern Russia) : to

1930s PerovoParyz’ka Komuna see Pereval’s’kPasadena (city, California, southwestern United

States) : to 1875 Indiana ColonyPasarofça see Po±arevacPas de Calais see Dover, Strait ofPasha Makhala see KrumovoPashiya (town, western Russia) : to 1929

Arkhangelo-Pashiysky ZavodPashmakli see SmolyanPa§iWevo see ZmajevoPasùdk (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German Preussisch-HollandPaso de la Fabrica see MinatitlánPassaic (city, New Jersey, northeastern United

States) : to 1854 AcquackanonkPassarowitz see Po±arevacPassau (city, southeastern Germany) : Roman

Castra Batava; Celtic BojodurumPassenheim see PasymPasso di Resia (village, northern Italy) : to 1918

German Reschen-Scheideck (The name is prop-erly that of an Alpine pass on the border withAustria.)

Pastor Montero see Girardot

Pannonhalma 154

Pasym (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Passenheim

Pataliputra see PatnaPatavium see PaduaPatersonia see LauncestonPatna (city, northeastern India) : to 1541 Patal-

iputraPatos see Patos de MinasPatos de Minas (city, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 PatosPatrae see PatrasPatras (city, central Greece) : ancient Greek and

Roman PatraePatriarsheye see 2DonskoyePatrimônio dos Inocentes see PiratiningaPatrocínio see Pio IXPatschkau see PaczkówPatton Township see MonroevillePau d’Alho see IbiraremaPau Gigante see IbiraçuPaulis see IsiroPaulista see PaulistanaPaulistana (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

PaulistaPaulo Affonso see Mata GrandePaulus Hook see Jersey CityPavia (town, northern Italy) : Roman TicinumPavlodar (city, northeastern Kazakhstan) : to

1861 Russian Koryakovsky Forpost (Unlike manytowns in Kazakhstan, Pavlodar has retained itsRussian name.)

Pavlograd see PavlohradPavlohrad (city, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Pavlograd)Pavlovsk (town, northwestern Russia) : 1918–

1944 Slutsk; to 1796 PavlovskoyePavlovskoye see PavlovskPawellau see PawlówPawlów (village, eastern Poland) : 1793–1919,

1939–1945 German PawellauPayne see KangirsukPayo Obispo see ChetumalPays Basque see 2Basque CountryPayshanba (town, east central Uzbekistan) : to

1960 Kara-DaryaPax Augusta see BadajozPax Julia see BejaPaxtaobod (town, central Uzbekistan) : (Russian

Pakhtaabad); to 1975 KokankishlakPazardzhik (town, west central Bulgaria) : 1878–

1934 Tatar-Pazardzhik; to 1878 TurkishTatarpazarcik

Pazin (town, western Croatia) : 1919–1945 ItalianPisino; to 1918 German Mitterburg (The Italianname was also in official use under Austrianrule.)

Peabody (city, Massachusetts, northeasternUnited States) : to 1868 South Danvers

PeW (city, western Kosovo) : 1941–1944 AlbanianPeja; to 1913 Turkish jpek

Peacehaven (town, southeastern England) : to1917 New Anzac-on-Sea

Pecan Grove see GrovesPechenga (town, northwestern Russia) : 1920–

1944 Finnish PetsamoPechory (town, western Russia) : 1919–1940 Es-

tonian PetseriPécs (city, southwestern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-

man FünfkirchenPedra Azul (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

FortalezaPedras Brancas see GuaíbaPedro Avelino (town, northeastern Brazil) : to

1948 Epitácio PessoaPeiping see BeijingPeipus, Lake (eastern Estonia/northwestern Rus-

sia) : Russian Chudskoye (The Russian name isadjectival and in that language followed byozero, “lake.”)

Peiskretscham see PyskowicePeja see PeWPejepscot see BrunswickPekin see DearbornPeking see BeijingPeklevskaya see TroitskyPeùczyce (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man BernsteinPelh†imov (town, south central Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1939–1945 German PilgramsPelican Waterholes see WintonPelly Bay see KugaarukPeloponnese (peninsula, southern Greece) : me-

dieval MoreaPelotas (city, southern Brazil) : to 1830 São Fran-

cisco de PaulaPelovo (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1950

MakhlataPelsâc see Ple§ivecPelusium see Tell el-FaramaPemba (town, northeastern Mozambique) : to

1976 Portuguese Porto AméliaPembroke (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

PenfroPembroke Dock (town, southwestern Wales) :

Welsh Doc PenfroPenacook Plantation see 3ConcordPenally (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

PenalunPenalun see PenallyPenang (island, western Malaysia) : formerly

Prince of Wales IslandPenang see George Town

155 Penang

Pen-ar-Bed see FinistèrePenarlâg see HawardenPendine (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

PentywynPenetangore see KincardinePenfro see PembrokePengelli see GrovesendPenley (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

Llannerch BannaPenmaen Dewi see St. David’s HeadPennocrucium see Water EatonPennyville see Park RidgePenrith (city, New South Wales, southeastern

Australia) : formerly Castlereagh; originallyEvan (The city is now an outer suburb of Syd-ney.)

Pensky Sakharny Zavod see KarlaLibknekhta, imeni

Penthièvre see Aïn BerdaPentre-poeth see MorganstownPentywyn see PendinePen-y-Bont ar Ogwr see BridgendPenzig see PieüskPeoria (city, Illinois, north central United States)

: 1814–1825 Fort ClarkPeparethos see SkópelosPepperellboro see SacoPequoiag see AtholPequot see New LondonPeravia (province, southern Dominican Repub-

lic) : to 1961 Spanish Trujillo ValdézPerdido, Monte (northeastern Spain) : French

Mont Perdu (The peak is on the border withFrance.)

Perdigão (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944Portuguese Saúde

Perdizes see VideiraPerdu, Mont see Perdido, MontePeredniye Traki see KrasnoarmeyskoyePeremyshl’ see Przemy¢lPeremyshlyany (town, western Ukraine) : to

1939 Polish PrzemysùanyPereval’sk see Pereval’s’kPereval’s’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Pereval’sk); 1926–1964 Paryz’ka Komuna (Rus-sian Parizhskaya Kommuna); to 1926 Selez-nivs’kyy Rudnyk (Russian Seleznevsky Rudnik)(The city is now part of Alchevs’k.)

Perevoz (town, western Russia) : to 1962 P’yan-sky Perevoz

Pereyaslav see Pereyaslav-Khmel’nyts’kyyPereyaslav-Khmel’nitsky see Peryaslav-

Khmel’nyts’kyyPereyaslav-Khmel’nyts’kyy (city, central

Ukraine) : (Russian Pereyaslav-Khmel’nitsky);to 1953 Pereyaslav

Pereyaslavl’, Lake see Pleshcheyevo, LakePereyaslavl’-Ryazansky see Ryazan’Pergamon see BergamaPergamum see BergamaPérigotville see Aïn el KebiraPérigueux (city, southwestern France) : Roman

VesunaPeri Mirim (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

MacapáPerlepe see PrilepPerm’ (city, central Russia) : 1940–1957 Molo-

tovPërmeti (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921

modern Greek PremetìPernambuco see RecifePernik (city, west central Bulgaria) : 1949–1963

DimitrovoPernov see PärnuPerovo see PartizanskoyePerovsk see KyzylordaPerrégaux see MohammadiaPerry’s Corners see WhitbyPerserin see PrizrenPershotravensk see 1,2Pershotravens’k1Pershotravens’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Pershotravensk); 1960–1966 Pershotravneve(Russian Pershotravnevoye), to 1960 Shakh-tars’ke (Russian Shakhtyorskoye) (The Russianname does not translate the Ukrainian as Ok-tyabr’sk but merely transliterates it.)

2Pershotravens’k (town, west central Ukraine) :(Russian Pershotravensk); to 1934 Tokarivka(Russian Tokaryovka)

Pershotravnene (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Pershotravnevoye); to 1946 Manhush (Rus-sian Mangush)

Pershotravneve see (1) Mokvyn; (2) 1Pershotra-vens’k

Pershotravnevoye see (1) Mokvyn; (2) 1Persho-travens’k; (3) Pershotravneve

Persia see IranPersian Gulf (southwestern Asia) : alternate Ara-

bian Gulf or The Gulf; Roman Sinus Persicus(The arm of the Arabian Sea, between Iranand Arabia, is named simply The Gulf bymany Western writers to avoid offending Iraqisand some other Arabs.)

Persis see FarsPerth Amboy (city, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : originally AmboyPeru (town, Indiana, north central United

States) : to 1834 MiamisportPerugia (city, central Italy) : Roman PerusiaPerusia see PerugiaPervomay (village, northern Kyrgyzstan) : for-

merly Russian Pervomaysky

Pen-ar-Bed 156

Pervomaysk (town, western Russia) : to 1941Tashino

Pervomaysk see 1,2Pervomays’k1Pervomays’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Pervomaysk); to 1920 Petromar’yivka (RussianPetromar’yevka)

2Pervomays’k (town, south central Ukraine) :(Russian Pervomaysk); to 1920 Ol’viopil’ (Rus-sian Ol’viopol’) (The town arose on the mergerof Ol’viopil’ with two other villages.)

Pervomays’ke (town, southern Ukraine, nearDzhankoy) : (Russian Pervomayskoye); to 1944Dzurchi

1Pervomayskoye (village, southwestern Russia,near Yershov) : to 1941 Gnadenflyur (The vil-lage lies in the former Volga German Au-tonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and itsearlier name is a Russian transliteration ofGerman Gnadenflur.)

2Pervomayskoye (village, southern Russia, nearTomsk) : formerly Pyshkino-Troitskoye

3Pervomayskoye (village, southern Russia, nearBarnaul) : formerly Srednekrayushkino

4Pervomayskoye (village, western Russia, nearKanash) : to 1939 Bol’shiye Arabuzy

Pervomayskoye see Pervomays’ke1Pervomaysky (town, western Russia, near

Michurinsk) : formerly Bogoyavlenskoye2Pervomaysky (village, western Russia) : to 1943

Kukshik (The village is now part of the city ofSterlitamak.)

3Pervomaysky (town, western Russia) : to1938 Spas (The town is a suburb of Slobod-skoy.)

Pervomaysky see (1) Novodvinsk; (2) Pervo-may; (3) Pervomays’kyy

Pervomays’kyy (town, east central Ukraine) :(Russian Pervomaysky); formerly Lykhachive(Russian Likhachyovo)

Pervoural’sk (city, western Russia) : 1928–1933Pervoural’sky; 1920–1928 Shaytansky Zavod; to1920 Vasil’yevsko-Shaytansky

Pesaro (city, central Italy) : Roman PisaurumPesayak Towne see NewarkPescado see Villa SerranoPescara (city, eastern Italy) : Roman AternumPeschanoye see Yashkul’Pesochnya see KirovPessinus see BalqhisarPesterzsébet (town, north central Hungary) :

1919–1924 Lenínváros; to 1919 Erzsébetfalva(The town is now a suburb of Budapest.)

Pesto (village, southern Italy) : Roman Paestum;ancient Greek Poseidonia

Pestovo see Zavolzh’yePetelia see Strongoli

1Peterborough (city, Ontario, southeasternCanada) : to 1825 Scott’s Plains

2Peterborough (town, South Australia, southernAustralia) : to 1917 Petersburg

Petergof see PetrodvoretsPeterhof see PetrodvoretsPetersburg see 2PeterboroughPetersdorf see PiechowicePeterstone Wentlooge (village, southeastern

Wales) : Welsh Llanbedr GwynllwgPeterston-super-Ely (village, southern Wales) :

Welsh Llanbedr-y-froPétervárad see PetrovaradinPeterwardein see PetrovaradinPetitjean see Sidi KacemPetit-Sault see EdmundstonPetra Stuchki, imeni see AizkrauklePetre see WanganuiPetrikau see Piotrków TrybunalskiPetroaleksandrovsk see To’rtko’lPetrodvorets (town, western Russia) : to 1944

Petergof; former alternate German Peterhof(The town is administratively part of St. Pe-tersburg.)

Petrograd see St. PetersburgPetrokov see Piotrków TrybunalskiPetrokrepost’ see Shlissel’burgPetrolândia (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1939–

1943 Itaparica; to 1939 JatobáPetromar’yevka see 1Pervomays’kPetromar’yivka see 1Pervomays’kPetropavlovsk see Petropavlovsk-Kamchat-

skyPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (city, eastern Rus-

sia) : to 1924 PetropavlovskPetropavlovsky see Severoural’skPetro£ani (city, west central Romania) : to 1918

Hungarian PetrozsényPetroskoi see PetrozavodskPetrovaradin (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918,

1941–1944 Hungarian Pétervárad; to 1867 Ger-man Peterwardein (The town is now a suburbof Novi Sad.)

Petrove-Krasnosillya see Petrovs’kePetroverovka see 2Zhovten’Petrovgrad see ZrenjaninPetrovice u Karviné (town, eastern Czech Re-

public) : 1939–1945 German Petrowitz; 1918–1919, 1938–1939 Polish Piotrowice; to 1918German Petrowitz bei Arnoldsdorf

Petrovo-Krasnosel’ye see Petrovs’kePetrovskaya Sloboda see Losino-PetrovskyPetrovs’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Petrovskoye); 1920–1963 Petrove-Krasnosillya(Russian Petrovo-Krasnosel’ye); to 1920Shterivs’ke (Russian Shterovskoye)

157 Petrovs’ke

Petrovskoye see (1) Makhachkala;(2) Petrovs’ke; (3) Svetlograd

Petrovsk-Port see MakhachkalaPetrovsky Zavod see Petrovsk-ZabaykalskyPetrovsk-Zabaykalsky (town, southern Russia) :

to 1926 Petrovsky ZavodPetrovyrivka see 2Zhovten’Petrowitz bei Arnoldsdorf see Petrovice u

KarvinéPetrozavodsk (city, northwestern Russia) : for-

merly local Petroskoi (The local name camefrom Petrovskoilinna, from Russian Petrovsky,“of Peter,” and Karelian linna, “town.”)

Petrozsény see Petro£aniPetrØalka (town, southwestern Slovakia) : 1938–

1945 German Engerau; to 1918 HungarianPozsonyligetfalu; to 1867 German Engerau(The town is now a district of Bratislava.)

Petsamo see PechengaPetseri see PechoryPettau see PtujPetuaria see 3BroughPetukhovo (town, southern Russia) : to 1944

YudinoPetushki (town, western Russia) : to 1965 Novyye

PetushkiPevensey (village, southeastern England) :

Roman AnderitumPezinok (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-

garian Bazin; to 1867 German BösingPharnacia see GiresunPharos see HvarPhasis see (1) Poti; (2) RioniPhazania see FezzanPhenix City (city, Alabama, southeastern United

States) : to 1889 BrownvillePhiladelphia see (1) Ala£ehir; (2) AmmanPhilippeville see SkikdaPhilippopolis see PlovdivPhilipstown see DaingeanPhillips Landing see Van BurenPhilomelion see Ak£ehirPhintias see LicataPhocaea see FoçaPhuthaditjhaba (town, east central South

Africa) : originally WitsieshoekPiacenza (city, northern Italy) : Roman Placen-

tiaPiatã (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 AnchietaPibrans see P†íbramPicardie see PicardyPicardy (region, northern France) : [French

Picardie]Pico (Spanish, “peak”) : for names beginning

thus, see the next word, as Duarte, PicoPicos see Colinas

1Picton (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :originally Hallowell

2Picton (town, central New Zealand) : to 1859Newton

Pidhaytsi (town, western Ukraine) : (RussianPodgaytsy); to 1939 Polish Podhajce

Pidvolochys’k (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Podvolochisk); to 1929 Polish Podwoùoczyska

Piechowice (town, southwestern Poland) : to1945 German Petersdorf

Piedmont (region, northwestern Italy) : [ItalianPiemonte]

Piedras Negras (city, northeastern Mexico) :1888–1911 Ciudad Porfirio Díaz

Piemonte see PiedmontPieüsk (village, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man PenzigPierre (town, South Dakota, north central

United States) : originally Mahto (The originalname was current from June to December1880.)

Pierre E. Trudeau, Mt. see Logan, Mt.Pie§t’any (city, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-

garian Pöstyén; to 1867 German PistyanPietarsaari (town, western Finland) : formerly

Swedish Jakobstad (The town was at one timemainly Swedish-speaking.)

Pietas Julia see PulaPietersburg see PolokwanePignataro Interamna (village, central Italy) :

Roman Interamna LirenasPig’s Eye Landing see St. PaulPik 20 let VLKSM see Pobeda PeakPike Creek see KenoshaPiùa (city, west central Poland) : 1772–1945 Ger-

man Schneidemühl1Pilar (city, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948

Manguaba2Pilar (town, southwestern Paraguay) : originally

ÑeembucúPilar see Pilar do SulPilar do Sul (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

PilarPilawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German BielauPilenkovo see Gant’iadiPile O’Bones see ReginaPilevne see PlevenPilgrams see Pelh†imovPillau see BaltiyskPillkallen see Dobrovol’skPillupönen see NevskoyePilsen see (1) Pilzno; (2) PlzeûPilten see PiltenePiltene (town, northwestern Latvia) : to 1917

German Pilten

Petrovskoye 158

Pilzno (town, southeastern Poland) : 1939–1945German Pilsen

Pinang see George TownPinar del Río (city, western Cuba) : formerly

Nueva FilipinaPinciacum see PoissyPine Bluff (city, Arkansas, south central United

States) : to 1832 Mount MariePines, Isle of see Juventud, Isla de laPine Tree Hill see 3CamdenPinkiang see HarbinPinola see Las RosasPinsk (city, southern Belarus) : 1919–1939 Polish

PiüskPiüsk see PinskPinta, Isla (island, northern Galápagos Islands,

Ecuador) : formerly Abingdon IslandPioner (town, southern Russia) : to 1936

Ishanovo (The town is now incorporatedinto the city of Kemerovo.)

Pionersky (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-man Neukuhren

Pio IX (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 PatrocínioPiotrków Trybunalski (city, central Poland) :

1940–1945 German Petrikau; to 1915 RussianPetrokov

Piotrowice see Petrovice u KarvinéPiperno see PrivernoPiqua (city, Ohio, north central United States) :

to 1816 WashingtonPiracanjuba (town, central Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese Pouso AltoPiracicaba (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly

Vila Nova da Constituição; originally Santo An-tônio de Piracicaba

Piraí see Piraí do SulPiraí do Sul (town, southern Brazil) : 1944–1948

Piraí Mirim; to 1944 PiraíPiraí Mirim see Piraí do SulPirajaí see Cabrália PaulistaPiran (town, southwestern Slovenia) : 1918–1947

Italian PiranoPiranhas (town, northeastern Brazil) :

1939–1948 Portuguese Marechal FlorianoPirano see PiranPirapora see Pirapora do Bom JesusPiraporo do Bom Jesus (town, southeastern

Brazil) : to 1944 PiraporaPiraquara (city, southern Brazil) : to c.1935 Por-

tuguese DeodoroPiratininga (town, southeastern Brazil) : for-

merly Patrimônio dos InocentesPirchevan see ZängilanPiriápolis (town, southern Uruguay) : formerly

Spanish Puerto del InglésPirineos see Pyrenees

Pirogovsky (town, western Russia) : to 1928 Pro-letarskaya Pobeda

Pirot (city, southeastern Serbia) : to 1878 Turkishßarköy

Pisa (city, northwestern Italy) : Roman PisaePisae see PisaPisaurum see PesaroPiscataqua see 2PortsmouthPiscataqua Plantation see KitteryPisek see PísekPísek (city, southwestern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German PisekPishpek see BishkekPisino see PazinPisiquid see 2WindsorPistoia (city, north central Italy) : Roman Pisto-

riaPistoria see PistoiaPistyan see Pie§t’anyPisz (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man JohannisburgPithecusae see IschiaPithion (village, northeastern Greece) : 1915–

1919 Bulgarian Kuleli-Burgas; to 1915 TurkishKüleliburgaz

Pitschen see ByczynaPitt, Mt. see McLoughlin, Mt.Pittsburgh (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : 1758–1764 Fort Pitt; to 1758Fort Duquesne

Pittsfield (city, Massachusetts, northeasternUnited States) : to 1761 Pontoosuc Plantation

Pivka (village, southwestern Slovenia) : to 1945Italian San Pietro del Carso; to 1918 German St.Peter am Karst

Placentia see PiacenzaPlacerville (town, California, western United

States) : formerly Hangtown; originally DryDiggings

Plage des Contrebandiers see Sidi el AbedPlQine£ti see Generalissimul SuvorovPlan see PlanáPlaná (town, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German PlanPlano (city, Texas, southern United States) : to

1851 FillmorePlaridel (town, northern Philippines) : to 1936

QuinguaPlasencia (city, western Spain) : to 12th century

AmbrozPlassey see PalashiPlata, Río de la (estuary, southeastern South

America) : conventional English River Plate(The English name of the estuary of theParaná and Uruguay rivers is associated in mil-itary history with the battle of 1939 between a

159 Plata, Río de la

British cruiser squadron and the Germanpocket battleship Graf Spee, as reenactedin the 1956 movie The Battle of the RiverPlate.)

Plate, River see Plata, Río de laPlathe see PùotyPlavinas (town, south central Latvia) : to 1917

German StockmannshofPlavsk (town, western Russia) : to c.1928

SergiyevskoyePleasant, Mt. see Eisenhower, Mt.Pleasantburg see 2GreenvillePleasant Island see NauruPleschen see PleszewPleshcheyevo, Lake (western Russia) : formerly

Lake Pereyaslavl’Ple§ivec (village, southern Slovakia) : to 1918,

1938–1945 Hungarian PelsâcPless see PszczynaPleszew (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German PleschenPleven (city, northern Bulgaria) : alternate

Plevna; to 1878 Turkish Pilevne (The alternatename is associated with the Russian victoryover the Turks in 1877 during the Russo-Turkish War.)

Plevna see PlevenPlezzo see BovecPljevlja (town, northern Montenegro) : to 1913

Turkish Ta£likaPloVe (town, southern Croatia) : 1949–1991

KardeljevoPùock (city, east central Poland) : 1939–1945

German SchröttersburgPlöhnen see PloüskPlokhino see 1Ul’yanovoPloüsk (town, east central Poland) : 1940–1945

German PlöhnenPloskiriv see 1Khmel’nyts’kyyPloskirov see 1Khmel’nyts’kyyPloskoye see StanovoyePloskyriv see 1Khmel’nyts’kyyPùoty (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German PlathePlovdiv (city, southern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk-

ish Filibe; Roman Trimontium; ancient GreekPhilippopolis (The original Greek settlementhad a mixed population of dubious repute,earning it the nickname Poneropolis, “Crook-ville,” from poneros, “wicked.”)

Plymouth (village, Vermont, northeasternUnited States) : to 1797 Saltash

Plymouth see MonettPlymouth Dock see DevonportPlynlimon (mountain, western Wales) : Welsh

Pumlumon

Plzeû (city, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,1939–1945 German Pilsen

Po (river, northern Italy) : Roman Padus; alter-nate Roman Eridanus (The Eridanus was orig-inally a purely mythical river but wasidentified by later classical authors with the Po.The mythical Eridanus had islands at itsmouth, but the Po has none.)

Poage’s Settlement see AshlandPobeda Peak (eastern Kyrgyzstan) : to 1943 Rus-

sian Pik 20 let VLKSM (The mountain is onthe border with China, where it is known asJengish Chokusu. Its earlier Russian name wasgiven in 1938 to mark the 20th anniversary ofthe Komsomol.)

Pobedinsky see ZarechnyPocasset see 3PortsmouthPodberez’ye see PabradcPodbo†any (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German PodersamPodbrodzie see PabradcPodchinny (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1941

KratskePodfibrady (town, north central Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1939–1945 German PodiebradPodersam see Podbo†anyPodgaytsy see PidhaytsiPodgorica (city, south central Montenegro) :

1946–1992 TitogradPodhajce see PidhaytsiPodiebrad see PodfibradyPodillya see PodoliaPodium see Le PuyPodlein see PodolínecPodlesnoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to

1941 Untervalden (The earlier name of the vil-lage, in the former Volga German Autono-mous Soviet Socialist Republic, is a Russianform of German Unterwalden.)

Podlipki see KorolyovPodmokly (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German Bodenbach (In 1950the town was incorporated into the city ofDfiVín.)

Podolia (region, western Ukraine) : (RussianPodol’ye) [Ukrainian Podillya]

Podolin see PodolínecPodolínec (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Podolin; to 1867 German PodleinPodol’ye see PodoliaPodvolochisk see Pidvolochys’kPodwoùoczyska see Pidvolochys’kPoetovio see PtujPofadder (town, western South Africa) : 1917–

1936 TheronsvillePogegen see Pagcgiai

Plate, River 160

Pogranichny (town, southeastern Russia) : to1958 Grodekovo

Pohnpei (island, eastern Micronesia) : formerlyAscension Island

Poictiers see PoitiersPoint de Galle see GallePointe-aux-Trembles see NeuvillePoint Edward (village, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1860 HuronPoissy (town, northern France) : Roman Pinci-

acumPoitiers (city, south central France) : formerly

Poictiers; Roman Limonum (The earlierspelling was long associated with the 1356 En-glish victory over the French during the Hun-dred Years’ War.)

Pokrovka see (1) Engel’s; (2) LeninskoePokrovka Druha see Pryazovs’kePokrovka Vtoraya see Pryazovs’kePokrovsk see EngelsPokrovs’ke (town, south central Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Pokrovskoye); formerly imeny KarlaLibknekhta (Russian imeni Karla Libknekhta);to c.1926 Shmakivs’kyy Rudnyk (RussianShmakovsky Rudnik) (The town is now a sub-urb of Kryvyy Rih.)

Pokrovs’ke see Pryazovs’kePokrovskoye see (1) Pokrovs’ke; (2) Prya-

zovs’ke; (3) Velikooktyabr’skyPola see PulaPoland (republic, central Europe) : [Polish

Polska]Polanica Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Bad AltheidePolanów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German PollnowPolatovo see StamboliyskiPolaun see PolubnïPoùczyn Zdrój (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Bad PolzinPolessk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 German

LabiauPolesskoye see Polis’kePolevskoy (city, west central Russia) : to 1928

Polevskoy ZavodPolevskoy Zavod see PolevskoyPolicastro Bussentino (village, southern Italy) :

formerly Policastro del Golfo; Roman BuxentumPolicastro del Golfo see Policastro BussentinoPolice (city district, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Pölitz (Police was incorporatedinto Szczecin in 1939.)

PoliVka (town, east central Czech Republic) : to1918, 1939–1945 German Politschka

Policoro (town, southern Italy) : ancient GreekHeraclea

Poliny Osipenko, imeni (village, eastern Russia): to 1939 Kerbi (The aviatrix Polina Osipenkoalso gave the former name of Berdyans’k.)

Polis’ke (town, northern Ukraine) : (Russian Po-lesskoye); 1940–1958 Russian Kaganovichi Per-vyye; 1935–1940 Kaganovich; to 1935 Khabne(Russian Khabnoye)

Politschka see PolitVkaPölitz see PolicePolkowice (town, northern Poland) : 1938–1945

German Heerwegen; to 1938 German PolkwitzPolkwitz see PolkowicePollentia see PollenzaPollenza (town, central Italy) : Roman PollentiaPollnow see PolanówPologi see PolohyPolohy (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Pologi); 1928–1937 Chubarivka (RussianChubarovka)

Polokwane (town, northeastern South Africa) :to 2003 Pietersburg

Polovinka see (1) Ugleural’sky; (2) Umal’tin-sky

Polska see PolandPoltavka see BashtankaPoltavskaya (village, southwestern Russia) : for-

merly KrasnoarmeyskayaPoltoratsk see A£gabatPõltsamaa (town, central Estonia) : to c.1920

German OberpahlenPolubnï (village, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German PolaunPolyanovgrad see KarnobatPolyarny (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1930

AleksandrovskPomabamba see AzurduyPomachi see KomsomolabadPomba see Rio PombaPomerania (region, northeastern

Germany/northwestern Poland) : [GermanPommern; Polish Pomorze]

Pomfret see PontefractPommern see PomeraniaPomona see MainlandPomoriye (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1934

Ankhialo; Roman AnchialusPomorze see PomeraniaPompaelo see PamplonaPompano see Pompano BeachPompano Beach (city, Florida, southeastern

United States) : to 1945 PompanoPompei (town, southern Italy) : to 1928 Valle de

Pompei (The town is near the ancient city ofPompeii, destroyed by the eruption of Vesuviusin A.D. 79. Italian does not differentiate be-tween the two names.)

161 Pompei

Pompeii see PompeiPompeiopolis (historic city, southern Turkey) :

formerly SoliPonce (city, southern Puerto Rico) : originally

Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de PoncePond Bay see Pond InletPonde Town see MansfieldPond Inlet (village, Nunavut, northeastern

Canada) : alternate Inuit Mittimatalik; to 1951Pond Bay

Ponevezh see Panevc±ysPonferrada (city, northwestern Spain) : Roman

Interamnium FlaviumPonizovkino see Krasny ProfinternPons Aelii see 1NewcastlePons Isarae see PontoisePons Vetus see PontevedraPontafel see PontebbaPont-du-Chéliff see Sidi Bel AttarPont-du-Fahs see El FahsPontebba (town, northeastern Italy) : to 1918

German PontafelPontefract (town, northern England) : formerly

Pomfret (The present name is actually nearerits origin in Latin ponte fracto, “[at] the brokenbridge.”)

Pontevedra (city, northwestern Spain) : RomanPons Vetus

Ponthierville see UbunduPontibus see StainesPontivy (town, northwestern France) : 1805–

1814, 1848–1871 Napoléonville (The formername was properly that of a new town builthere by Napoleon I as the military headquar-ters for Brittany. The second use of the namehonored Napoleon III.)

Pontoise (town, northern France) : Roman PonsIsarae; earlier Roman Briva Isarae

Pontoosuc Plantation see PittsfieldPontsenni see SennybridgePontus Euxinus see Black SeaPontypool (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Pont-y-pwlPont-y-pwl see PontypoolPoona see PunePopasna (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Popas-

naya); c.1935–1943 Russian imeni L.M. Kaga-novicha

Popasnaya see PopasnaPopilian Way see ViaPopivka see 2Kirovs’kPopköy see PopovoPoplar Fields see EmmitsburgPoplar Head see DothanPopovichskaya see KalininskayaPopovka see 2Kirovs’k

Popovo (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878Turkish Popköy

Popovo see IskraPoprad (city, northern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-

garian Poprád; to 1867 German DeutschendorfPoprád see PopradPordenone (city, northeastern Italy) : Roman

Portus NaonisPorech’ye see DemidovPori (city, southwestern Finland) : formerly

Swedish BjörneborgPoronaysk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese ShikukaPóros (island, southeastern Greece) : ancient

Greek CalauriaPorretta Terme (town, north central Italy) : to

c.1931 Bagni della PorrettaPorsy see BoldumsazPorta do Sertão see Campina GrandePortadown (town, south central Northern Ire-

land) : Irish Port an DúnáinPortalegre (town, eastern Portugal) : Roman

AmoeaPort an Dúnáin see PortadownPort Angeles (town, Washington, northwestern

United States) : originally Puerto de NuestraSeñora de los Angeles

Portarlington (town, east central Ireland) : IrishCúil an tSúdaire

Port Arthur (town, Ontario, southern Canada) :to 1882 Prince Arthur’s Landing (In 1970 PortArthur merged with Fort William and twoother towns to form Thunder Bay.)

Port Arthur see LüshunPort Báros see Su§akPort Brabant see TuktoyaktukPort Burwell see KilliniqPort Byron Junction see East MolinePort-Cartier (town, Quebec, eastern Canada) :

to 1962 Shelter BayPortchester (town, southern England) : Roman

Portus Ardaoni (The Roman name is oftenspelled Portus Adurni, but the form given hereis thought to be more accurate.)

Port Colborne (town, Ontario, southeasternCanada) : originally Gravelly Bay

Port Cooper see LytteltonPort-de-France see NouméaPort-des-Galets see Le PortPort Dinorwic see Y FelinheliPort Durnford see Bur GavoPort Einon see Port EynonPort Elgin (town, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : formerly NormantonPortersville see ValparaisoPort-Étienne see Nouadhibou

Pompeii 162

Port Eynon (village, southwestern Wales) :Welsh Port Einon

Port Fairy (town, Victoria, southeastern Aus-tralia) : originally Belfast

Port Florence see KisumuPort-Francqui see IleboPort Gilbert see RacinePorthaethway see Menai BridgePort Hawkesbury (town, Nova Scotia, eastern

Canada) : to 1860 Ship HarbourPort Harrison see InukjuakPort Hedland (town, Western Australia, north-

western Australia) : Aboriginal NgaruPort Herald see NsanjePorthmadog (town, northwestern Wales) : for-

merly Portmadoc (The name derives fromWilliam Akexander Madocks, owner of theland on which the town was built, but thepresent spelling also reflects the tale that thelegendary prince Madog ab Owain Gwyneddset off from here to discover America in c.1170,some three centuries before Columbus.Madocks also developed and gave his name tothe nearby village of Tremadog.)

Port Hope (town, Ontario, southeastern Can-ada) : to 1817 Smith’s Creek

Porthsgiwed see PortskewettPorth Tywyn see Burry PortPort Hueneme (city, California, southwestern

United States) : to 1940 HuenemePort Jackson see SydneyPort Kelang (city, western Malaysia) : formerly

Port SwettenhamPort Láirge see WaterfordPort la Joie see CharlottetownPortland (city, Maine, northeastern United

States) : to 1786 Falmouth (Successive namesprior to Falmouth were Machigonne, Indigreat,Elbow, The Neck, and Casco.)

Port Laoise (town, east central Ireland) : to 1920Maryborough

Port Louis see 2ScarboroughPort-Lyautey see KenitraPort Macquarie see BluffPortmadoc see PorthmadogPort Mahon see MahónPort nan Long see NewtonferryPort Natal see DurbanPort Nicholson see WellingtonPort Nis see Port of NessPort-Nouveau-Québec see KangiqsualujjuaqPorto see OportoPôrto (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1930s–1944

João Pessoa; to 1930s MarruásPôrto Alegre (city, southern Brazil) : originally

Pôrto dos Casais

Pôrto Alegre see LuzilândiaPorto Alexandre see TombuaPorto Amélia see PembaPorto Azzurro (town, central Italy) : to 1949

Porto LongonePortobello see PortobeloPortobelo (town, northern Panama) : traditional

English Portobello; originally Puerto Bello (Thetown gained its English name from its repeatedsacking by English pirates, notably in 1668 and1739. Sir Francis Drake was buried in the har-bor here.)

Pôrto de Guaipacaré see LorenaPôrto dos Casais see Pôrto AlegrePorto Edda see SarandëPorto Farina see Ghar al-MilhPort of Ness (village, Western Isles, northwest-

ern Scotland) : Gaelic Port NisPorto Grande see MindeloPorto Longone see Porto AzzurroPorto Maurizio see ImperiaPort Omna see PortumnaPorto Rè see KraljevicaPôrto Real see IguatamaPorto Rico see Puerto RicoPorto Torres (town, northwestern Sardinia,

Italy) : Roman Turris LibisonisPort Perry (village, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1852 Scugog VillagePort Phillip District see 1VictoriaPort Radium see Echo BayPort Razoir see 2ShelburnePort Rex see East LondonPort Rois see PortrushPort Roseway see 2ShelburnePort Rossignol see LiverpoolPort Royal see Annapolis RoyalPortrush (town, northern Northern Ireland) :

Irish Port RoisPort St. John’s (town, southeastern South

Africa) : 1976–1993 UmzimvubuPort St.-Louis see AntsohimbondronaPort Sarnia see SarniaPort Senior see LiverpoolPortskewett (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Porthsgiwed1Portsmouth (city, southern England) : Roman

Magnus Portus (The Roman name, mean-ing “great port,” properly applied to the har-

bor here, and the present city arose at itsmouth.)

2Portsmouth (city, New Hampshire, northeast-ern United States) : to 1653 Strawbery Banke;originally Piscataqua

3Portsmouth (town, Rhode Island, northeasternUnited States) : to 1640 Pocasset

163 Portsmouth

Port Swettenham see Port KelangPortugal (republic, southwestern Europe) :

Roman LusitaniaPortugália see ChitatoPortuguese East Africa see MozambiquePortuguese Guinea see Guinea-BissauPortuguese Timor see East TimorPortuguese West Africa see AngolaPortumna (town, west central Ireland) : Irish

Port OmnaPortus Ardaoni see PortchesterPortus Gaditanus see Puerto RealPortus Lemanis see LympnePortus Magnus see AlmeríaPortus Magonis see MahónPortus Naonis see PordenonePortus Veneris see Port-VendresPort-Vendres (town, southern France) : Roman

Portus VenerisPort Victoria see TarfayaPort-Vila (town, central Vanuatu) : alternate

VilaPort Weld see Kuala SepetangPorvoo (city, southern Finland) : formerly

Swedish Borgå (Around 40% of the city’s pop-ulation are Swedish-speaking.)

Posadas (city, northeastern Argentina) : 1869–1879 Trinchera de San José; to 1869 Trinchera delos Paraguayos

Poscheg see Po±egaPoseidonia see PestoPosen see PoznaüPoshekhon’ye (town, western Russia) : 1918–

1992 Poshekhon’ye-Volodarsk (The second partof the former name is not that of a place but ofthe revolutionary V. Volodarsky.)

Poshekhon’ye-Volodarsk see Poshekhon’yePossum Town see 2ColumbusPoste-de-la-Baleine see KuujjuarapikPostojna (town, southwestern Slovenia) : to 1945

Italian Postumia; to 1918 German AdelsbergPostumia see PostojnaPostumian Way see ViaPostville see 2LincolnPöstyén see Pie§t’anyPostysheve see Krasnoarmiys’kPostyshevo see Krasnoarmiys’kPotentia see PotenzaPotenza (town, southern Italy) : Roman PotentiaPotgietersrus see MokopanePoti (town, western Georgia) : ancient Greek

PhasisPottsgrove see PottstownPottstown (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to to 1815 PottsgrovePouso Alto see Piracanjuba

Pova±ská Bystrica (city, western Slovakia) : to1918 Hungarian Vágbeszterce; to 1867 GermanWaag-Bistritz

Po±arevac (town, east central Serbia) : to 1867German Passarowitz; to 1833 Turkish Pasarofça

Po±ega (town, eastern Croatia) : formerlySlavonska Po±ega; to 1867 German Poscheg

Pozharskoye (village, southeastern Russia) : to1939 Tikhonovka

Poznaü (city, western Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Posen

Pozsony see BratislavaPozsonyligetfalu see PetrØalkaPozzuoli (city, southwestern Italy) : Roman and

biblical Puteoli; ancient Greek Dicaearchia(The name occurs in the Bible as that of thetown where Paul spent seven days with Chris-tians en route to Rome.)

Prabuty (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Riesenburg

Prachatice (town, southwestern Czech Republic): to 1918, 1938–1945 German Prachatitz

Prachatitz see PrachaticePraeneste see PalestrinaPraesidium Julium see 1SantarémPrag see PraguePragerhof see PragerskoPragersko (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to

1918, 1941–1945 German PragerhofPrague (city, north central Czech Republic) :

[Czech Praha]; to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanPrag (English has adopted the French form ofthe name.)

Praha see PraguePrainha see MiracatuPrairie Rapids see WaterlooPrairieville see WaukeshaPraschnitz see PrzasnyszPrassburg see MozirjePrata see Nova PrataPratica di Mare (village, western Italy) : Roman

LaviniumPrausnitz see PrusicePraust see Pruszcz GdaüskiPrävali see PrevaljePravda (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-

nese HirochiPravdino (village, western Russia) : c.1930–1945

German Grumbkowfelde; to c.1930 GermanGrumbkowkeiten

Pravdinsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-man Friedland (The German name is associ-ated with the battle of 1807 during theNapoleonic Wars in which the allied Prussianand Russian forces were defeated by theFrench.)

Port Swettenham 164

Pravishta see EleftheroupolisPremetì see PërmetiPreobrazhenskaya see KikvidzePrerau see P†erovP†erov (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German PrerauPrescelly see PreseliPreseli (region, southwestern Wales) : dated En-

glish Prescelly (The English name is usually as-sociated with the Prescelly Hills or PrescellyMountains, Welsh Mynydd Preseli, from whichbluestones were transported to build Stone-henge in southern England.)

Presidencia de la Plaza (town, southern Argen-tina) : to early 1940s Presidente de la Plaza

Presidente de la Plaza see Presidencia de laPlaza

Presidente Dutra (city, northeastern Brazil) : to1948 Curador

Presidente Juán Perón see ChacoPresidente Penna see 2RondôniaPresidente Vargas see (1) Itabira; (2) Nova EraPreslav see Veliki PreslavPre§ov (city, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar-

ian EperjesPresque Isle (town, Maine, northeastern United

States) : to 1859 FairbanksPressburg see BratislavaPresteigne (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh

LlanandrasP†e§tice (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German PscheschtitzPretoria see TshwanePretoria-Witwatersrand-Vaal see GautengPreussen see PrussiaPreussisch-Eylau see BagrationovskPreussisch-Friedland see DebrznoPreussisch-Holland see PasùdkPreussisch-Stargard see Starogard GdaüskiPrevalje (town, northern Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1945 German PrävaliPréveza (town, northwestern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish Preveze; ancient Greek BereniciaPreveze see PrévezaPriargunsk (town, southeastern Russia) : to 1962

TsurukhaytuyPriazovskoye see Pryazovs’keP†íbor (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1919,

1939–1945 German FreibergP†íbram (city, west central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German PibransPriestholm see Puffin IslandPriest’s Mills see 3AlexandriaPriest’s Valley see VernonPrievidza (city, west central Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Privigye; to 1867 German Privitz

Prigmore’s Swamp see New BrunswickPrikumsk see BudyonnovskPrilep (city, south central Macedonia) : to 1913

Turkish PerlepePrimkenau see Przemków1Primorsk (town, western Russia, near Kalin-

ingrad) : to 1946 German Fischhausen2Primorsk (town, western Russia, near St. Pe-

tersburg) : to 1940 Finnish Koivisto; to 1809Swedish Björkö

3Primorsk (town, western Russia, near Volgo-grad) : formerly Lugovaya Proleyka

Primorsk see Prymors’kPrimorsko (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : for-

merly KyupriyaPrimorskoye see SartanaPrince Arthur’s Landing see Port ArthurPrince Edward Island (province, eastern

Canada) : locally (Algonquian) Abegweit;1759–1799 St. John’s Island; to 1759 French ÎleSt.-Jean (In 1962 the local name was given tothe passage between New Brunswick andPrince Edward Island plied by the car ferryMV Abegweit.)

Prince George (city, British Columbia, westernCanada) : to 1915 Fort George

Prince of Wales Island see PenangPrinceton (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1724 Stony BrookPriozyorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1940

Finnish Käkisalmi; to 1809 Swedish KexholmPrishib see LeninskPristen’ (town, western Russia) : formerly

Mar’yinoPri§tina (city, central Kosovo) : to 1913 Turkish

Pri£tinePri£tine see Pri§tinaPriverno (town, south central Italy) : to 1928

PipernoPrivigye see PrievidzaPrivitz see PrievidzaPrivolzhsk (city, western Russia) : to 1928

YakovlevskoyePrivolzhskoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to

1941 KukkusPrivolzhsky (town, southwestern Russia) : 1936–

1944 Kanukov; to 1936 Kalmytsky Bazar (Thetown is now within the city of Astrakhan.)

Prizren (city, southern Kosovo) : to 1913 TurkishPerserin

Proby Island see Niuafo’ouProchowice (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German ParchwitzProfesor Ishirkovo (town, northern Bulgaria) :

to 1942 KochinaProkhod na Republikata see Republic Pass

165 Prokhod na Republikata

1Proletarsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to1970 Proletarskaya

2Proletarsk (town, northwestern Tajikistan) :formerly Russian Dragomirovo

Proletarsk see Proletars’kProletars’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Proletarsk); formerly Nesvitovych (RussianNesvetevich) (The town was incorporated intothe city of Lysychans’k in 1965.)

Proletarskaya see 1ProletarskProletarskaya Pobeda see Pirogovsky1Proletarsky (town, western Russia, near Belgo-

rod) : formerly Gotnya2Proletarsky (town, western Russia, near Ser-

pukhov) : to 1928 ProletaryProletary see 2ProletarskyPromzino see SurskoyePropontis see Marmara, Sea ofPropoysk see SlawharadProskuriv see 1Khmel’nyts’kyyProskurov see 1Khmel’nyts’kyyProskurów see 1Khmel’nyts’kyyProspect Park see Glen EllynProssnitz see ProstfijovProstfijov (city, east central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German ProssnitzProvadiya (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish Paravadq

Provence (region, southeastern France) : RomanProvincia

Providence see (1) Annapolis; (2) FairfaxProvince Lands see ProvincetownProvincetown (town, Massachusetts, northeast-

ern United States) : to 1727 Province LandsProvincia see ProvenceProvo (city, Utah, west central United States) : to

1850 Fort UtahPrudhon see Sidi BrahimPrudnik (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German NeustadtPrusia ad Olympum see BursaPrusice (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German PrausnitzPrussia (former state, north central Germany) :

[German Preussen]Pruszcz Gdaüski (town, northern Poland) :

1772–1945 German PraustPru∞ana see PruzhanyPruzhany (town, western Belarus) : 1919–1939

Polish Pru∞anaPryazovs’ke (town, southeastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Priazovskoye); 1864–1935 PokrovkaDruha (Russian Pokrovka Vtoraya) orPokrovs’ke (Russian Pokrovskoye); to 1864 Siyut-Dzheret

Prymors’k (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Primorsk); to 1967 Nohays’ke (RussianNogaysk)

Prymors’ke see SartanaPrzasnysz (town, northeastern Poland) : 1940–

1945 German PraschnitzPrzemków (town, western Poland) : to 1945

German PrimkenauPrzemysl see Przemy¢lPrzemy¢l (city, southeastern Poland) : 1941–1944

German Przemysl; 1939–1941 Russian Pere-myshl’; to 1918 German Przemysl (In the earlyyears of World War II, 1939–41, the city wasdivided by the German-Soviet frontier.)

Przemy¢lany see PeremyshlyanyPrzheval’sk see KarakolPscheschtitz see P†e§ticePsedakh see AlanskoyePsirtskha see Akhali Ap’oniPszczólki (village, northern Poland) : 1772–1945

German HohensteinPszczyna (towm, southwestern Poland) : to 1921,

1939–1945 German PlessPtolemaïs (town, north central Greece) : to 1913

Turkish KaylarPtolemaïs see (1) Acre; (2) TolmetaPtuj (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1945 German Pettau; Roman PoetovioPucarevo see Novi TravnikPuchó see PúchovPúchov (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-

garian PuchóPuck (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,

1939–1945 German PutzigPuebla (city, east central Mexico) : alternate

Puebla de Zaragoza; to 1862 Puebla de los Ánge-les (The city’s full alternate name is HeroicaPuebla de Zaragoza. It owes its “heroic” title tothe battle of 1862, in which the Mexicansunder General Ignacio Zaragoza were victori-ous over the French. A year later the city wasoccupied by the French but was recaptured byGeneral Porfirio Díaz in 1867.)

Puebla de los Ángeles see PueblaPuebla de Zaragoza see PueblaPueblo de la Capilla see Sauce del YíPueblo de San José de Guadalupe see San JosePueblo Viejo see Villa CanalesPuerto Acosta (town, western Bolivia) : to 1908

HuaichoPuerto Aguirre see Puerto IguazúPuerto Bello see PortobeloPuerto Caballos see Puerto CortésPuerto Cortés (city, northwestern Honduras) :

to 1869 Puerto CaballosPuerto de Cabras see Puerto del RosarioPuerto del Inglés see Piriápolis

Proletarsk 166

Puerto del Rosario (town, eastern Canary Is-lands, Spain) : to 1957 Puerto de Cabras

Puerto de Nuestra Señora de los Angeles seePort Angeles

Puerto Flor de Lis see Ciudad del EstePuerto Francisco de Orellana see CocaPuerto Iguazú (town, northeastern Argentina) :

to 1940s Puerto AguirrePuerto México see CoatzacoalcosPuerto Pérez (town, western Bolivia) : to 1900

ChililayaPuerto Presidente Stroessner see Ciudad del

EstePuerto Princesa (city, western Philippines) : for-

merly CuyoPuerto Príncipe see CamagüeyPuerto Real (town, southwestern Spain) :

Roman Portus GaditanusPuerto Rico (island state, central West Indies) :

locally (Arawakan) Borinquén; formerly PortoRico; originally San Juan (The island’s originalname came to give that of its capital city, 2SanJuan, while over time the port town’s namepassed to that of the state.)

Puerto Sandino (town, western Nicaragua) : to1980 Puerto Somoza

Puerto Somoza see Puerto SandinoPuerto Vallarta (city, west central Mexico) : for-

merly Las PeñasPuffin Island (northwestern Wales) : alternate

Priestholm; Welsh Ynys SeiriolPugachyov (town, western Russia) : to 1918

NikolayevskPugachyovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese Maguntan-hamaPuglia (region, southeastern Italy) : alternate and

Roman ApuliaPula (city, western Croatia) : to 1947 Italian Pola;

to 1918 German Pola; Roman Pietas JuliaPuùawy (town, eastern Poland) : to 1915 Russian

Novaya AleksandriyaPulgan see PülgönPülgön (village, western Kyrgyzstan) : 1940–1991

Frunzenskoye; to 1940 PulganPulin see Chervonoarmiys’kPullman (city, Washington, northwestern United

States) : originally Three ForksPuùtusk (town, east central Poland) : 1940–1945

German OstenburgPulyny see Chervonoarmiys’kPumlumon see PlynlimonPune (city, western India) : formerly English

PoonaPuncheston (village, southwestern Wales) :

Welsh Cas-maelPungarabato see Ciudad Altamirano

Punkapoag see 2CantonPuno (city, southern Peru) : originally San Carlos

de PunoPunta Arenas (city, southern Chile) : 1927–1937

MagallanesPuntarenas (city, western Costa Rica) : originally

BruselasPurdy’s Mills see LindsayPurtuniq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :

formerly Asbestos HillP≠rvenets (village, south central Bulgaria) : to

1945 FerdinandovoP≠rvomay (town, south central Bulgaria) : 1891–

1945 Borisovgrad; 1878–1891 Khadzhi-Eles; to1878 Turkish Hacieles

Pushkin (city, western Russia) : 1918–1937 Det-skoye Selo; to 1918 Tsarskoye Selo (The city hasnow been incorporated into St. Petersburg.)

1Pushkino (village, western Russia, near Kalin-ingrad) : to 1945 German Dosmahlen

2Pushkino (village, western Russia, near Engel’s): to 1941 Urbakh (The earlier name of the vil-lage, in the former Volga German Autono-mous Soviet Socialist Republic, is a Russianform of German Urbach.)

Pushkino see BiläsuvarPutao (town, northern Myanmar) : formerly Fort

HertzPuteoli see PozzuoliPutyatin (town, southeastern Russia) : formerly

NazimovoPutzig see PuckPyandzh see (1) Panj; (2) D≠stíP’yansky Perevoz see PerevozP’yany Bor see Krasny BorPyarnu see PärnuPyatikhatka see PyatykhatkyPyatikhatki see PyatykhatkyPyatykhatka see PyatykhatkyPyatykhatky (town, east central Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Pyatikhatki); to 1944 Pyatykhatka (RussianPyatikhatka)

Pylos (town, southern Greece) : locallyNeokastro; formerly Italian Navarino (The Ital-ian name is associated with the naval battle of1827 between European and Turkish fleets offthe coast here during the Greek War of Inde-pendence.)

Pyramus see CeyhanPyrenees (mountains, northeastern Spain/south-

western France) : [French Pyrénées; SpanishPirineos]

Pyrénées see PyreneesPyrénées-Atlantiques (department, southwest-

ern France) : to 1969 Basses-PyrénéesPyrgi see San Severa

167 Pyrgi

Pyritz see PyrzycePyrzyce (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German PyritzPyshkino-Troitskoye see 2PervomayskoyePyshma see Verkhnyaya PyshmaPyshminsky Zavod see StaropyshminskPyskowice (town, southern Poland) : to 1945

German PeiskretschamPytalovo (town, western Russia) : 1938–1945

Latvian Abrene; 1925–1938 Latvian JaunlatgaleQamanittuaq see Baker LakeQanliko’l (village, western Uzbekistan) : for-

merly Leninobod (Russian Leninabad)Qaqortoq (town, southwestern Greenland) : to

1985 Danish JulianehåbQarshi (city, southern Uzbekistan) : 1926–1937

Bek-BudiQausuittuq see ResoluteQazbegi (town, northern Georgia) : to 1921

StepantsmindaQazimImmId (town, eastern Azerbaijan) : for-

merly Kazi-Mahomed; to 1939 AdzhibakulQena (city, eastern Egypt) : ancient Greek Caene1Qeqertarsuaq (island, western Greenland) : for-

merly Disko2Qeqertarsuaq (town, western Greenland) : for-

merly Danish GodhavnQift (village, eastern Egypt) : ancient Greek

CoptosQikiqtarjuaq (island, Nunavut, northeastern

Canada) : to 1999 Broughton IslandQingaq see Bathurst InletQomsheh (town, west central Iran) : to 1979

ShahrezaQuaqtaq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : for-

merly KoartacQuartzsite (town, Arizona, southwestern United

States) : originally Fort TysonQuatre Cantons, Lac des see Lucerne, LakeQuattro Cantoni, Lago dei see Lucerne, LakeQuebec (province and city, eastern Canada) : al-

ternate French Québec; 1841–1867 CanadaEast; 1791–1841 Lower Canada (The historicalnames for the province were essentially inter-changeable. Cp. Ontario.)

Québec see QuebecQuébec-Ouest see 1VanierQuebec West see 1VanierQueen Elizabeth National Park see Ruwenzori

National ParkQueensborough see New WestminsterQueen’s County see LaoisQueensferry (town, northeastern Wales) : 1828–

1837 King’s Ferry; 1826–1828 Lower King’sFerry; to 1826 Lower Ferry

Queenstown see Cóbh

Quelpart see CheguQuemoy (island, southeastern China) : alternate

JinmenQue Que see KwekweQuesnel (town, British Colombia, southwestern

Canada) : to 1864 Quesnelle MouthQuesnelle Mouth see QuesnelQuezon (province, northern Philippines) : to

1946 TayabasQuibdó (city, western Colombia) : originally San

Francisco de QuibdóQuimper (town, northwestern France) : [Breton

Kemper]1Quincy (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1825 Bluffs2Quincy (city, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1792 Merry Mount; origi-nally Mount Wollaston

Quingua see PlaridelQuinnipiac see New HavenQunghirot (town, western Uzbekistan) : 1969–

1991 Russian Kungrad; to 1969 Russian Zhel-eznodorozhny

Qusantnnah see ConstantineQuseir (town, eastern Egypt) : formerly often

KosseirQyteti Stalin see KuçovëRaab see GyârRab (village, western Croatia) : 1941–1943 Italian

Arbe; to 1918 German Arbe (The village is onthe island of the same name.)

Rabbah see AmmanRabbath-Ammon see AmmanRaVa (city district, western Slovakia) : to 1946

RaVistorf. (RaVa is a northern district of Brati-slava.)

Rachov see RakhivRacibórz (city, south central Poland) : to 1945

German RatiborRacine (city, Wisconsin, north central United

States) : to 1837 Port GilbertRaVistorf see RaVaRQdQu´i (town, northern Romania) : to 1918

German RadautzRadautz see RQdQu´iRadekhiv (town, western Ukraine) :

(Russian Radekhov); to 1939 Polish RadziechówRadekhov see RadekhivRadili Ko see Fort Good HopeRadimin see RadzyminRadin see Radzyü PodlaskiRadków (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German WünschelburgRadmannsdorf see RadovljicaRadnor Forest (eastern Wales) : Welsh Fforest

Clud (As elsewhere in British placenames, for-

Pyritz 168

est here means specifically “hunting preserve”rather than just “region of trees.”)

Radnorshire see New RadnorRadomir (mountain, southwestern Bulgaria) : to

1967 KalabakRadomsko (town, central Poland) : to 1915 Rus-

sian NovoradomskRadovljica (town, northwestern Slovenia) : to

1918, 1941–1945 German RadmannsdorfRadyvyliv (town, western Ukraine) : 1940–1991

Chervonoarmiys’k (Russian Chervonoarmeysk);1919–1940 Polish Radziwillów; to 1919 RussianRadzivilov

Radziechów see RadekhivRadzivilov see RadyvylivRadziwillów see RadyvylivRadzymin (town, east central Poland) : to 1915

Russian RadiminRadzyü Podlaski (town, eastern Poland) : to

1915 Russian RadinRae Lakes (village, Northwest Territories, north

central Canada) : alternate Inuit GametiRaglan (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

RhaglanRagnit see NemanRagusa see DubrovnikRahaeng see TakRahó see RakhivRahouia (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French MontgolfierRahuipukeko see HuntlyRainier, Mt. (Washington, northwestern United

States) : alternate Mt. Tacoma (The mountain’sIndian name gave that of the city of Tacoma,45 miles to the northwest.)

Rajasthan (state, northwestern India) : to 1948Rajputana (The former name applied to a re-gion approximating to that of the presentstate, which later added other small areas.)

Rajputana see RajasthanRajshahi (city, western Bangladesh) : formerly

Rampur BoaliaRakhine (state, western Myanmar) : formerly

ArakanRakhiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Rakhov); 1944–1945 Czech Rachov; 1939–1944Hungarian Rahó; 1919–1939 Czech Rachov; to1918 Hungarian Rahó

Rakhmanlare see RozinoRakhov see RakhivRakishki see Roki§kisRakiura see Stewart IslandRakonitz see RakovnikRakovets see GrozdyovoRakovnik (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German Rakonitz

Rakovski see 1DimitrovgradRakvere (town, northern Estonia) : to 1918 Ger-

man WesenbergRalston’s Colony see Rapid CityRampur Boalia see RajshahiRamsey (island, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Ynys DewiRancagua (city, north central Chile) : originally

Villa Santa Cruz de TrianaRancho Rodeo de las Aguas see Beverly HillsRand see Des PlainesRand, The see WitwatersrandRandolph (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1793 CochatoRanenburg see ChaplyginRangitoto see D’Urville IslandRangoon see YangônRankin Inlet (village, Nunavut, north central

Canada) : alternate Inuit KangiqcliniqRankoviWevo see (1) Banatski Karlovac;

(2) KraljevoRann see Bre±iceRantomari see YablochnyRapa Nui see Easter IslandRaphoe (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish Ráth

BhothRapid City (town, Manitoba, southern Canada)

: to 1877 Ralston’s ColonyRapids City see Cedar RapidsRappoltsweiler see RibeauvilléRaritan see EdisonRaseiniai (town, west central Lithuania) : (Rus-

sian Raseynyay); to 1918 Russian RossiyenyRas el Ma (town, northwestern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French BedeauRas el Oued (town, northeastern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French TocquevilleRaseynyay see RaseiniaiRashnd (city, northern Egypt) : alternate tradi-

tional Rosetta (The traditional name becamewidely known from the Rosetta stone, discov-ered here in 1799.)

Rasony (town, northern Belarus) : (RussianRossony); to c.1940 Stanislavovo

Rastenburg see KdtrzynRastorguyevo see VidnoyeRastyapino see DzerzhinskRatae Corieltauvorum see LeicesterRáth Bhoth see RaphoeRáth Caola see RathkealeRathkeale (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish

Ráth CaolaRáth Luirc (town, southern Ireland) : to 1939

Charleville (The town’s shorter Irish name isAn Ráth.)

Ráth Mealtain see Rathmelton

169 Ráth Mealtain

Rathmelton (town, northwestern Ireland) : IrishRáth Mealtain

Ratibor see RacibórzRatisbon see RegensburgRatmanov Island see Diomede IslandsRat Portage see KenoraRattlesnake Station see Mountain HomeRatzebuhr see OkonekRaudnitz an der Elbe see Roudnice nad

LabemRauschen see SvetlogorskRautenberg see UzlovoyeRautu see SosnovoRava-Rus’ka (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Rava Russkaya); to 1939 Polish Rawa RuskaRava Russkaya see Rava-Rus’kaRavenglass (village, northwestern England) :

Roman GlannoventaRawa Ruska see Rava-Rus’kaRawicz (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German RawitschRawitsch see RawiczRawlins (town, Wyoming, western United

States) : originally Rawlins SpringsRawlins Springs see RawlinsRazdan see HrazdanRazdol’noye see Rozdon’neRazgrad (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish HezargradRazino (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man DoristhalRazlog (town, southwestern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish MehomieReate see RietiRechitsa see RechytsaRechytsa (city, southeastern Belarus) : (Russian

Rechitsa); to 1918 Russian RechitsaRecife (city, eastern Brazil) : formerly Pernam-

buco; 17th century Dutch MauritzstadReculver (village, southeastern England) :

Roman RegulbiumRecz (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man ReetzReda (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,

1939–1945 German RhedaRed Bluff (town, California, western United

States) : originally LeodociaRedding see Elizabeth CityRedenção see Redenção da SerraRedenção da Serra (town, southeastern Brazil) :

to 1944 RedençãoRed Jacket see CalumetRedriff see RotherhitheRed River (southeastern Asia) : alternate Chinese

Yuan or Vietnamese HongRed Sea (northeastern Africa/western Saudi Ara-

bia) : Roman Mare Rubrum; alternate RomanSinus Arabicus (The Red Sea lies between Ara-bic-speaking countries and its Arabic name isAl Ba∏r al-A∏mar, meaning the same as theEnglish.)

Redwood City (city, California, western UnitedStates) : to 1858 Embarcadero

Reetz see ReczRegar see TursunzadeRegele Carol II see SuvoroveRegele Mihai I see SuvoroveRegensburg (city, southeastern Germany) : for-

merly Ratisbon; Roman Castra ReginaRegenwalde see ReskoReggio di Calabria (city, southern Italy) :

Roman Regium Julium (The Roman name oc-curs in the Bible as Rhegium, the town wherePaul waited for a wind en route to Rome.)

Reggio nell’Emilia (city, northern Italy) :Roman Regium Lepidum

Reghin (town, central Romania) : to 1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian Szászrégen; to 1867 GermanSächsisch-Regen

Regina (city, Saskatchewan, southern Canada) :1857–1882 Wascana; originally Pile O’Bones

Regium Julium see Reggio di CalabriaRegium Lepidum see Reggio nell’EmiliaRegulbium see ReculverReïbell see Ksar ChellalaReichenau see BogatyniaReichenau an der Knieschna see Rychnov nad

Knfi±nouReichenau bei Gablonz see Rychnov u

GablonceReichenbach see Dzier∞oniówReichenberg see LiberecReichenstein see Zùoty StokReichshof see RzeszówReichstadt see ZákupyReims (city, northeastern France) : conventional

English Rheims; Roman DurocortorumReivilo (town, west central South Africa) : to

1927 Klein BoetsapRemchi (town, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962

French MontagnacRemennikovo (village, southwestern Russia) : to

1941 Oberdorf (The town’s earlier Germanname is due to its location in the former VolgaGerman Autonomous Soviet Socialist Repub-lic.)

Remington’s Corners see IlionRenaix see RonseRenault see Sidi Mohammed Ben AliRenier see Aïn MakhloufRennes (city, northwestern France) : Breton

Roazhan; Roman Condate

Rathmelton 170

Reno (city, Nevada, western United States) : to1868 Lake’s Crossing

Repelen-Baerl see RheinkampRepino (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Finnish

KuokkalaReppen see RzepinRepublic Pass (central Bulgaria) : [Bulgarian

Prokhod na Republikata], to 1950 KhainboazRepulse Bay (village, Nunavut, northern

Canada) : alternate Inuit NaujaatRerigonius Sinus see Ryan, LochReriutaba (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Santa CruzResan see ResenReschen-Scheideck see Passo di ResiaResen (village, western Macedonia) : 1913–1941

Serbian Resan; to 1913 Turkish ResneResiczabánya see Re£i´aResina see ErcolanoResistencia (city, northeastern Argentina) : to

1876 San Fernando del Rio Negro (The earliername was that of a Jesuit mission abandonedin 1773 after the order was suppressed.)

Re£i´a (city, western Romania) : to 1918 Hungar-ian Resiczabánya

Resko (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Regenwalde

Resne see ResenResolute (village, Nunavut, northern Canada) :

alternate Inuit QausuittuqResülayn see CeylanpqnarReszel (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German RösselRéunion (island, western Indian Ocean) : 1810–

1848 Bourbon; 1801–1810 Bonaparte; 1793–1801Réunion; 1649–1793 Bourbon; 1642–1649 IsleMascareigne, to 1642 Santa Apollonia (The is-land has been a French possession since 1642with the exception of the years 1810–15, whenit was taken by the British, who restored theearlier name Bourbon.)

Reutov (city, western Rusia) : to 1940 ReutovoReutovo see ReutovReval see TallinnRevel’ see TallinnRevelstoke (town, British Columbia, southwest-

ern Canada) : formerly Farwell; originally Sec-ond Crossing (The original settlement was on aslightly different site.)

Revere (city, Massachusetts, northeastern UnitedStates) : 1846–1871 North Chelsea; originallyRumney Marsh (The settlement was part ofBoston until 1739, when it became part ofChelsea.)

Revúca (town, south central Slovakia) : to 1918Hungarian Nagyrâce

RezI’nyeh see Or¨mnyehRezekne see R`zekneR`zekne (city, eastern Latvia) : (Russian

Rezekne); 1939–1945 German Rositten; 1772–1918 Russian Rezhitsa

Rezhitsa see R`zekneRha see VolgaRhaeadr Gwy see RhayaderRhaglan see RaglanRhayader (town, central Wales) : Welsh Rhaeadr

GwyRheda see RedaRhegium see Reggio di CalabriaRheims see ReimsRhein see RhineRheinkamp (city, western Germany) : formerly

Repelen-BaerlRheinschanze see LudwigshafenRhenus see RhineRhin see RhineRhine (river, central and western Europe) : [Ger-

man Rhein; French Rhin; Dutch Rijn]; RomanRhenus

Rhinocolura see Al ‘ArnshRhisca see RiscaRhiwabon see RuabonRhodanus see RhôneRhode Island (Rhode Island, northeastern

United States) : to 1644 Aquidneck (This is thepast and present name of the island on whichthe state of Rhode Island, officially Rhode Is-land and Providence Plantations, was formedand ratified the U.S. Constitution in 1790.)

Rhodes (city, southeastern Greece) : [modernGreek Rodos]; to 1947 Italian Rodi; to 1912 Turk-ish Rodos (The city lies on the island of thesame name, known to the Romans as Rhodus.)

Rhodesia see ZimbabweRhodus see RhodesRhône (river, southern France) : Roman Rho-

danusRhoose (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Y RhwsRhos Mhic Thriúin see New RossRhos-on-Sea (town, northern Wales) : Welsh

Llandrillo-yn-RhosRhum see RumRhuthun see RuthinRhydaman see AmmanfordRhymney (town, southern Wales) : Welsh

RhymniRhymni see RhymneyRiaba (village, northwestern Equatorial Guinea)

: formerly Portuguese La ConcepciónRiachão see Riachão do DantasRiachão do Dantas (town, northeastern Brazil) :

to 1944 Riachão

171 Riachão do Dantas

Ribas do Rio Pardo (town, western Brazil) : to1944 Rio Pardo

Ribeauvillé (town, eastern France) : alternateGerman Rappoltsweiler

Ribchester (village, northwestern England) :Roman Bremetenacum Veteranorum

Ribeirão see GuapóRibeirão Prêto (city, southeastern Brazil) : for-

merly Entre Rios; originally São Sebastião doRibeirão Prêto

Richborough Port (village, southeastern En-gland) : Roman Rutupiae

Richland see 2Orange1Richmond (town, southeastern England) : to

1501 Sheen (The full name of the town nearLondon is Richmond upon Thames, distin-guishing it from Richmond, Yorkshire, forwhich it is named, thanks to Henry VII, earlof Richmond, who built his palace here.)

2Richmond (city, Indiana, north central UnitedStates) : to 1818 Smithville

Richmond see (1) Staten Island; (2) 3WindsorRichmond Hill (town, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1819 Mount PleasantRicomagus see RiomRidder (city, eastern Kazakhstan) : 1941–2002

Russian LeninogorskRidgeville see EvanstonRidgewood (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : 1829–1866 Godwinville; to1829 Newton

Riduna see AlderneyRiedsburg see 2KentRiesenburg see PrabutyRiesengebirge (mountains, southwestern

Poland/northern Czech Republic) : [PolishKarkonosze; Czech Krkono§e]; alternate EnglishGiant Mountains (The German name predom-inates because on the Polish side the moun-tains were formerly in Germany.)

Rieti (town, central Italy) : Roman ReateRijeka (city, northwestern Croatia) : to 1943

Italian Fiume (The city was successivelyunder Austrian, Croatian, Hungarian, French,and Italian rule from 1471 to 1943, duringwhich time the Italian name was mostlydominant. It then remained in general En-glish use.)

Rijn see RhineRijssel see LilleRijswijk (town, northwestern Netherlands) : En-

glish Ryswick (The English name is historicallypreserved for the two treaties of 1697 endingthe War of the Grand Alliance.)

Rimaszombat see Rimavská SobotaRimavská Sobota (town, south central Slovakia)

: to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Rimaszombat;to 1867 German Gross-Steffelsdorf

Rimini (city, northern Italy) : Roman AriminumRimmon see SeymourRimske Toplice (village, central Slovenia) : to

1918 German RömerbadRincón de Zárate see ZárateRinns of Galloway (peninsula, southwestern

Scotland) : Roman Novantarum PeninsulaRío Benito see 1MbiniRio Bonito see (1) Caiapônia; (2) TangaráRío Branco (town, northeastern Uruguay) : to

1909 ArtigasRio Branco see (1) Arcoverde; (2) Paratinga;

(3) Roraima; (4) Visconde do Rio BrancoRio Brilhante (town, western Brazil) : 1944–

1948 Caiuás; to 1943 Entre RiosRio Claro (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerly

São João Batista do Morro Azul; originally SãoJoão Batista da Beira do Ribeirão Claro

Rio da Dúvida see 2RooseveltRio das Flores (town, southeastern Brazil) : to

1943 Santa TeresaRio do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : formerly Ita-

jahy do Sul; earlier Bela AliançaRio Grande (city, southern Brazil) : originally

São Pedro do Rio Grande do SulRiom (town, central France) : Roman RicomagusRío Martín see MartilRío Muni see 2MbiniRioni (river, western Georgia) : ancient Greek

PhasisRio Novo see IpiaúRio Pardo see (1) Iúna; (2) Ribas do Rio

Pardo; (2) Rio Pardo de MinasRio Pardo de Minas (city, southeastern Brazil) :

to 1944 Rio PardoRio Pomba (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1948

PombaRio Prêto see São José do Rio PrêtoRío Seco see Villa de MaríaRippin see RypinRipton see SheltonRisca (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh RhisgaRishtan (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : c.1940–

1977 Russian Kuybyshevo; 1937–c.1940 Russianimeni Kuybysheva

Risingham (historic locality, northeastern En-gland) : Roman Habitancum

Ritlyab see SayasanRivas (town, southwestern Nicaragua) : origi-

nally NicaraguaRiver Forest (town, Illinois, north central

United States) : to 1870 Thatcher (The town isnow a residential suburb of Chicago.)

River Junction see Chattahoochee

Ribas do Rio Pardo 172

River Plate see Plata, Rio de laRiverside (city, California, southwestern United

States) : originally JurupaRiverton (town, Wyoming, western United

States) : originally WadsworthRivet see MeftahRivière-du-Loup (town, Quebec, eastern

Canada) : to 1919 FraservilleRivne (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian Rovno);

1919–1939 Polish RówneRivoli see Hasei NamecheRiyadh (city, east central Saudi Arabia) : [Arabic

Ar RiyIö]Rizdvyans’ke see Syvas’keRoanne (town, east central France) : Roman Ro-

dumnaRoanoke (city, Virginia, eastern United States) :

to 1882 Big LickRoazhon see RennesRobber’s Roost see EllensburgRobertson, Lake see Manyame, LakeRobertstown (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Baile

RiobairdRobinson Crusoe (island, eastern Juan Fer-

nández, South Pacific) : formerly Más aTierra

Robur see BaselRoburnia see 2AmsterdamRoçadas see XangongoRoch (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Y

Garn1Rochester (city, southeastern England) : Roman

Durobrivae2Rochester (hamlet, northern England) : Roman

Bremenium3Rochester (city, New York, northeastern United

States) : to 1822 RochestervilleRochesterville see 3RochesterRockefeller see MundeleinRockford (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : originally MidwayRock Island (city, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1841 StephensonRockland (town, Maine, northeastern United

States) : to 1850 East ThomastonRockport see 2LakewoodRock Springs (village, Wisconsin, northern

United States) : to 1947 AblemanRockville (city, Maryland, northeastern United

States) : to 1801 Williamsburg; originally Mont-gomery Court House

Rockwood (village, Ontario, southeasternCanada) : to c.1848 Brotherstown

Rodez (town, southern France) : Roman Sego-dunum

Rodi see Rhodes

Rodos see RhodesRodosto see TekirdagRodumna see RoanneRoeselare (town, western Belgium) : French

RoulersRofreit see RoveretoRoga§ka Slatina (town, eastern Slovenia) : to

1918 German Rohitsch-SauerbrunnRogatin see RohatynRoger Simpson Island see AbemamaRogerstone (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Ty-du (The village is now an industrial suburbof Newport.)

Rogervik see PaldiskiRogozha see NoginskRohatyn (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Ro-

gatin); to 1939 Polish RohatynRohe Potae see King CountryRohitsch-Sauerbrunn see Roga§ka SlatinaRoki§kis (town, northeastern Lithuania) : to 1918

Russian RakishkiRokitzan see RokycanyRokycany (town, west central Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German RokitzanRolândia (city, southern Brazil) : 1944–1948

CaviúnaRoma see 1RomeRomania (republic, southeastern Europe) : [Ro-

manian România]; formerly English Roumaniaor Rumania

România see RomaniaRomanov see 2Dzerzhyns’kRomanov-Borisoglebsk see TutayevRomanovka see BasarabeascaRomanov-na-Murmane see MurmanskRomanovsky Khutor see 1Kropotkin1Rome (city, western Italy) : [Italian Roma];

Roman Roma2Rome (city, New York, northeastern United

States) : to 1819 LynchvilleRömerbad see Rimske TopliceRömerstadt see Rïma†ovRomit (village, western Tajikistan) : to c.1935

UramirRommani (town, northwestern Morocco) : for-

merly French MarchandRoncesvalles (village, northern Spain) : alternate

French RoncevauxRoncevaux see RoncesvallesRondeau see 2Blenheim1Rondônia (state, western Brazil) : to 1956 Gua-

poré2Rondônia (town, western Brazil) : formerly

Presidente PennaRonne Ice Shelf (northwestern Antarctica) : for-

merly Edith Ronne Land

173 Ronne Ice Shelf

Ronse (town, west central Belgium) : French Re-naix

1Roosevelt (village, New Jersey, northeast-ern United States) : formerly Jersey Home-steads

2Roosevelt (river, northwestern Brazil) : to 1914Rio da Dúvida

Roosevelt Island (New York, northeasternUnited States) : 1921–1973 Welfare Island; to1921 Blackwell’s Island

Rooseveltown (village, New York, northeasternUnited States) : to 1934 Nyando

Roraima (state, northern Brazil) : to 1962 RioBranco

Rosário see (1) Rosário do Catete; (2) Rosáriodo Sul

Rosário do Catete (town, northeastern Brazil) :to 1944 Rosário

Rosário do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944Rosário

Rosarno (town, southern Italy) : ancient GreekMedma

Roscianum see RossanoRos Comáin see RoscommonRoscommon (town, north central Ireland) : Irish

Ros ComáinRos Cré see RoscreaRoscrea (town, central Ireland) : Irish Ros CréRoseau see Dominion CityRoseburg (town, Oregon, northwestern United

States) : originally Deer CreekRose Hill see ParramattaRosenau see Ro±ûavaRosenberg see (1) Olesno; (2) Ru±omberok;

(3) SuszRosetta see RashndRoshchino (town, western Russia) : to 1948

Finnish Raivola (The town passed from Fin-land to the USSR in 1940 but retained itsFinnish name until 1948.)

Rositten see R`zekneRossano (town, southern Italy) : Roman Ros-

cianumRossbach see 2HraniceRossborough see OwensboroRössel see ReszelRossett (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh Yr

OrseddRossiten see RybachyRossiya see RussiaRossiyeny see RaseiniaiRossland (town, British Columbia, southwestern

Canada) : to 1894 ThompsonRossony see RasonyRoss’s Landing see ChattanoogaRostovtsevo see Bulung’ur

Rota (island, southern Northern Mariana Is-lands) : formerly Sarpan

Rot-Front see DobropillyaRotherhithe (district of London, southeastern

England) : formerly RedriffRotomagus see RouenRottweil (city, southwestern Germany) : Roman

Arae Flaviae (The rottweiler dog, named forthe city, descended from the cattle dog left bythe Roman legions here.)

Rotuma (island, northern Fiji) : formerlyGrenville Island

Roudnice nad Labem (town, northwesternCzech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanRaudnitz an der Elbe

Rouen (city, northern France) : Roman Rotoma-gus

Roulers see RoeselareRoumania see RomaniaRovereto (town, northern Italy) : to 1919 Ger-

man RofreitRovigno see RovinjRovinj (town, western Croatia) : to 1945 Italian

RovignoRovno see RivneRovnoye (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1941

Zelman (The town’s earlier German name isdue to its location in the former Volga GermanAutonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.)

Równe see RivneRoxas (city, central Philippines) : formerly CapizRoycroft see RycroftRó∞ana see RuzhanyRozdol’ne (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian

Razdol’noye); to 1944 Ak-SheikhRozenberg see RozivkaRozhdestvenskoye see (1) Dzerzhinskoye;

(2) Syvans’keRozino (village, central Bulgaria) : 1934–1951

Bozhidar; to 1934 Turkish RakhmanlareRozivka (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Rozovka); c.1935–1941 Lyuksemburg; to c.1935Rozenberg (The town was founded by Germancolonists as Rosenberg, a name that later fortu-itously adapted well to that of the German so-cialist agitator Rosa Luxemburg.)

Ro±ûava (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918,1938–1945 Hungarian Rozsnyó; to 1867 Ger-man Rosenau

Rozovka see RozivkaRózsahegy see Ru±omberokRozsnyó see Ro±ûavaRuabon (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

RhiwabonRuanda see RwandaRubezhnaya see Rubizhne

Ronse 174

Rubezhnoye see RubizhneRubizhna see RubizhneRubizhne (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Rubezhnoye) : 1930–c.1940 Rubizhna (RussianRubezhnaya); 1923–1930 Chervonyy Prapor(Russian Krasnoye Znamya); to 1930 Rus’ko-Kraska (Russian Russko-Kraska)

Rückers see SzczytnaRuda ¡lRska (town, southern Poland) : alternate

Nowy Bytom; to 1945 German MorgenrothRudki see RudkyRudky (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Rudki); to 1939 Polish RudkiRudnaya Pristan’ (town, eastern Russia) : to

1972 Tetyukhe-Pristan’ (The town, on the Seaof Japan, should not be confused with theidentically named place further down thecoast.)

Rudnichny (town, west central Russia) : to 1933Auerbakhovsky Rudnik

Rudnik imeni Karla Libknekhta see SoledarRudnik imeni Shvartsa see Zhovti VodyRudnik-Ingichka see IngichkaRudny (town, eastern Russia) : to 1972 LifudzinRudnyk imeny Karla Libknekhta see SoledarRudnyk imeny Shvartsa see Zhovti VodyRudolf, Lake see Turkana, LakeRudolfswerth see Novo MestoRügenwalde see DarùowoRukhlovo see SkovorodinoRum (island, western Scotland) : 1888–1957

popularly RhumRumania see RomaniaRumburg see RumburkRumburk (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German RumburgRummelsburg see MiastkoRumney (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

Tredelerch (The village is now a district of thecity of Cardiff.)

Rumney Marsh see RevereRumyantseva see Vladimira Il’icha Lenina,

imeniRupella see La RochelleRusçuk see RuseRuse (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk-

ish RusçukRu§e (town, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918

German Maria RastRushan see RushonRushon (village, east central Tajikistan) : (Rus-

sian Rushan); to c.1935 Kalay-ValmarRus’ko-Kraska see RubizhneRusovce (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1947

Hungarian Oroszvár; to 1867 German Karl-burg (The town is now a district of Bratislava.)

Ruspina see MonastirRuss Adir see MelillaRussell (town, northeastern New Zealand) :

originally OkiatoRussellville (town, Kentucky, east central United

States) : to 1798 Big Boiling SpringsRussia (republic, eastern Europe/western Asia) :

[Russian Rossiya]; 1922–1991 Soviet Union (Theformer name, in full Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics, abbreviated USSR, was used notonly for the territory of the present country,historically the Russian Soviet Federated Social-ist Republic, abbreviated RSFSR, but for thelarger republic that included present Armenia,Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kaza-khstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mol-dova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, andUzbekistan. The name Russia was widely usedduring the Soviet period for each of these geo-graphical entities.)

Russian America see AlaskaRussko-Kraska see RubizhneRust see El CerritoRutaka see AnivaRutek see VrútkyRuth (village, North Carolina, eastern United

States) : to 1939 HamptonRuthenia see Transcarpathian OblastRutherford (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1875 Boiling SpringsRuthin (town, northern Wales) : Welsh RhuthunRutland Water (artificial lake, east central En-

gland) : to 1976 Empingham ReservoirRuttka see VrútkyRutupiae see Richborough PortRuwenzori National Park (southwestern Uganda)

: formerly Queen Elizabeth National ParkRuzhany (town, western Belarus) : to 1939 Pol-

ish Ró∞anaRu±omberok (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian Rózsahegy; to 1867 German Rosen-berg

Rwanda (republic, east central Africa) : formerlyusually Ruanda

Ryan, Loch (sea inlet, southwestern Scotland) :Roman Rerigonius Sinus (A Roman fort orcamp Rerigonium was nearby, perhaps wherethe town of Stranraer now stands.)

Ryazan’ (city, western Russia) : to 1778Pereyaslavl’-Ryazansky

Rybachy (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-man Rossitten

Rybach’ye see BalykchyRybinsk (city, western Russia) : 1984–1989 An-

dropov; 1957–1984 Rybinsk; 1946–1957 Shcher-bakov

175 Rybinsk

Rychnov nad Knfi±nou (town, northeasternCzech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanReichenau an der Knieschna

Rychnov u Jablonce (village, northern CzechRepublic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanReichenau bei Gablonz

Rycroft (village, Alberta, western Canada) :1920–1933 Roycroft; to 1920 Spirit River

Rykovo see YenakiyeveRïma†ov (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German RömerstadtRyojun see LüshunRypin (town, north central Poland) : 1940–1945

German RippinRyswick see RijswijkRzepin (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German

ReppenRzeszów (city, southeastern Poland) : 1940–1945

German ReichshofSaar an der Sazava see ≥ d’ár nad SázavouSaarbruck see SaarbrückenSaarbrücken (city, western Germany) : 1793–

1815 French Sarrebruck (A “compromise” En-glish spelling Saarbruck was formerly oftenfound. The river here rises in France as theSarre then flows into Germany as the Saar.)

Saaremaa (island, western Estonia) : formerlySwedish and German Ösel (The island, origi-nally in German hands, passed to Denmark in1560, Sweden in 1645, and Russia in 1710, be-fore becoming part of Estonia in 1917. Allnames mean basically “island.”)

Saarlautern see SaarlouisSaarlouis (city, southwestern Germany) : 1935–

1945 German Saarlautern (The city, foundedin France in 1680 but awarded to Prussia in1815, was administered by France from 1919 to1935 and from 1945 to 1957, after which it re-tained its French name.)

Saaz see ≥ atecSabaneta see Santiago RodríguezSabah (state, eastern Malaysia) : to 1963 North

BorneoSabaria see SzombathelySabinov (town, northeastern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian KisszebenSablino see 2Ul’yanovkaSabra (town, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962

French TurenneSabrina see SevernSachsen see SaxonySachs Harbour (village, Northwest Territories,

northwestern Canada) : alternate Inuit Ikaa-huk

Sächsisch-Bereg see BerehoveSächsisch-Regen see Reghin

Saco (town, Maine, northeastern United States) :1762–1805 Pepperellboro; 1718–1762 Biddeford(The name Biddeford, originally that of a sin-gle plantation either side of the Saco River,was retained by the city now so named whenthe two communities separated in 1762.)

Sacramento (city, California, western UnitedStates) : to 1848 New Helvetia

Sacramento see ItatupãSacred Way see ViaSá da Bandeira see LubangoSadovo (town, south central Bulgaria) : formerly

CheshnegirSadovoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to 1944

KegultaSRdowa Wisznia see Sudova VyshnyaSaepinum see AltiliaSaetabicula see Alzira®afIkis see Sfax¶afárikovo see Tornal’aSagan see ÕagaüSagunto (town, eastern Spain) : to 1877 Murvie-

dro; Roman Saguntum (The town’s modernname is a deliberate revival of the Roman one.)

Saguntum see SaguntoSahiwal (city, east central Pakistan) : formerly

MontgomerySaida (city, southwestern Lebanon) : [Arabic

®aydI’]; biblical SidonSaigon see Ho Chi Minh CitySain Dunwyd see St. DonatsSain Ffagan see St. FagansSt. Albans (city, southeastern England) : Roman

Verulamium (The Roman city stood on thewest side of the present one, not where thecathedral now stands, as sometimes stated.Writing in A.D. 731, the Venerable Bede re-ferred to the city by names which today wouldbe spelled Verulamchester or Watlingchester.The Anglo-Saxons who gave the latter namealso gave that of Watling Street, the Romanroad from London to St. Albans.)

St.-André see Sint-AndriesSt. Andrews see ThamesfordSt.-Arnaud see El EulmaSt. Asaph (village, northern Wales) : Welsh

LlanelwySt. Athan (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Sain

TathanSain Tathan see St. AthanSt.-Bertrand-de-Comminges (village, southern

France) : Roman Lugdunum ConvenarumSt. Brides Major (village, southern Wales) :

Welsh Saint-y-brid (Major refers to the statusof the church, not the size of the village, whichis half as big as St. Brides Minor.)

Rychnov nad Knfi±nou 176

St. Brides Minor (town, southern Wales) :Welsh Llansanffraid-ar-Ogwr

St. Charles (city, Missouri, central UnitedStates) : 1771–1804 Spanish San Carlos Bor-romeo; to 1771 French Les Petites Côtes

St. Charles see DenverSt. Christopher and Nevis see St. Kitts and

NevisSt. Clair see East LiverpoolSt.-Claude (town, eastern France) : Roman Con-

dateSt. Clears (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

SanclêrSt.-Cloud see GdyelSt. Croix (island, eastern West Indies) : to 1674

Santa CruzSt.-Dalmas-de-Tende (village, southeastern

France) : to 1947 Italian San Dalmazzo diTenda

St. David’s (city, southwestern Wales) : WelshTyddewi, Medieval Latin Menevia. (The com-munity, a famous religious center with a cathe-dral, officially became a city in 1994.)

St. David’s Head (peninsula, southwesternWales) : Welsh Penmaen Dewi; Roman Octapi-tarum Promontorium

St.-Denis-du-Sig see SigSt. Dogmaels (village, southwestern Wales) :

Welsh LlandudochSt.-Domingue see (1) Haiti; (2) Hispaniola;

(3) Santo DomingoSt. Donats (village, southern Wales) : Welsh

Sain DunwydSte.-Foy (city, Quebec, eastern Canada) : origi-

nally Notre-Dame-de-FoySainte Genevieve (town, Missouri, central

United States) : originally Le Vieux VillageSte.-Marie see Nosy BorahaSaintes (city, western France) : Roman Medio-

lanum SantonumSte.-Scholastique see MirabelSt.-Eugène see BologhineSt.-Évariste Station see La GuadeloupeSt. Fagans (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Sain

FfaganSt. Ferdinand see FlorissantSt. Francis see HelenaSt. Gall (town, northeastern Switzerland) :

[French St.-Gall; German Sankt-Gallen; Ital-ian San Gallo]

St.-Gall see St. GallSt.-Gilles (town, central Belgium) : Flemish

Sint-Gillis (The town is now a suburb of Brus-sels.)

St.-Gilles-lez-Termonde see Sint-Gillis-bij-Dendermonde

St.-Gilles-Waas see Sint-Gillis-WaasSt.-Jean d’Acre see AcreSt.-Jerôme (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada)

: originally DumontvilleSt. John’s Island see Prince Edward IslandSt. Joseph (town, north central United Sates) :

to 1833 Newburyport; earlier Saranac; origi-nally Fort Miami

St.-Joseph-d’Alma see AlmaSt. Kitts and Nevis (island state, eastern West

Indies) : alternate St. Christopher and NevisSt. Leonard (city, Quebec, southeastern Canada)

: to 1962 St.-Léonard-de-Port-Maurice (Thecity is now a suburb of Montreal.)

St.-Léonard-de-Port-Maurice see St. LeonardSt.-Louis see BoufatisSt. Mary’s Mission see MissionSt. Michael’s Town see 1BridgetownSt.-Moritz (town, eastern Switzerland) : German

Sankt Moritz; locally (Romansh) San Murez-zan

St.-Nicolas see Sint-NiklaasSt. Patrick’s Plain see SingletonSt. Paul (city, Minnesota, northern United

States) : to 1841 Pig’s Eye LandingSt. Peter am Karst see PivkaSt. Peters see BathurstSt. Petersburg (city, western Russia) : [Russian

Sankt-Peterburg]; 1924–1991 Leningrad; 1914–1924 Petrograd (The name Leningrad is histori-cally associated with the 900-day Germansiege of the city in World War II, when arounda million persons lost their lives.)

St.-Pierre-de-la-Pointe-aux-Esquimaux seeHavre-St.-Pierre

St.-Pierre-du-Lac see Val-BrillantSt.-Pierre-St.-Paul see Ouled MoussaSt.-Stanislas (village, Quebec, southeastern

Canada) : to 1962 Deux-RivièresSt.-Sulpice see La SalleSt. Thomas (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada)

: formerly Sterling; originally Kettle Creek Vil-lage

St. Thomas see Charlotte AmalieSt.-Trond see Sint-TruidenSaint-y-brid see St. Brides MajorSajókazinc see KazincbarcikaSakaehama see StarodubskoyeSakakawea, Lake (North Dakota, northern

United States) : formerly Garrison ReservoirSak’art’velo see GeorgiaSakarya (river, northwestern Turkey) : ancient

Greek SangariusSakha (republic, northeastern Russia) : to 1992

usually YakutiaSakhalin (island, eastern Russia) : formerly Japa-

177 Sakhalin

nese Karafuto (Although the Japanese namewas sometimes applied to the whole island, itproperly denoted the part south of latitude50°00´N, assigned to Japan in 1905 but trans-ferred to the USSR in 1945.)

ßäki (city, northern Azerbaijan) : (RussianSheki); to 1968 Nukha¶akiai (town, southwestern Lithuania) : (Russian

Shakyay); to 1918 Russian ShakiSakqz see KhíosSakulka see Sokólka¶al’a (city, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918,

1930–1943 Hungarian VágsellyeSalacgriva (town, northern Latvia) : to 1917 Ger-

man SalismündeSalamanca (city, western Spain) : Roman Sal-

manticaSalarian Way see ViaSalaspils (town, central Latvia) : to 1917 German

KirchholmSaldae see BejaïaSaldus (town, southwestern Latvia) : to 1918

German FrauenburgSalé (city, northwestern Morocco) : formerly En-

glish SalleeSalekhard (city, northern Russia) : to 1933 Ob-

dorskSalem see (1) Bardstown; (2) JerusalemSalem Bridge see NaugatuckSalem Village see DanversSalerno (city, southern Italy) : Roman SalernumSalernum see SalernoSalihorsk (city, south central Belarus) : (Russian

Soligorsk); to 1959 Novo-StarobinskSalinae see (1) Droitwich; (2) MiddlewichSalinas see SalinópolisSalinópolis (city, northern Brazil) : to 1944 Sali-

nasSalisburg see MazsalacaSalisburgum see SalzburgSalisbury (city, southern England) : alternate

dated Sarum (The city’s official name is NewSarum, as against Old Sarum, the nearby siteof the Roman town of Sorviodunum, whichtook its own name from the Iron Age hillforthere. Sarum itself is not a Roman name, butan abbreviation of an early form of the presentname with the Latin ending -um.)

Salisbury see HarareSalismünde see SalacgrivaSalla (village, northeastern Finland) : to 1940

Kursu (In 1940 the original village of Salla,30 miles to the northeast, was transferredto the USSR and renamed Kuolayarvi. Thepopulation was then evacuated to this newsite.)

Salla see KuolayarviSallee see SaléSalliq see Coral HarbourSalmantica see SalamancaSalmas (town, northwestern Iran) : 1930–1980

ShahpurSalonica see SalonikaSalonika (city, northwestern Greece) : [modern

Greek Thessaloniki]; alternate English Salonica;Roman and biblical Thessalonica

Salonta (town, western Romania) : to 1918,1940–1945 Hungarian Nagyszalonta

Salop see ShropshireSal’sk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1926 Tor-

govayaSalta (city, northwestern Argentina) : originally

San Felipe de LermaSaltash see PlymouthSalt Lake City (city, Utah, west central United

States) : to 1868 Great Salt Lake CitySaltrou see Belle-AnseSalt Sea see Dead SeaSaluciae see SaluzzoSaluzzo (town, northwestern Italy) : Roman

SaluciaeSalvador (city, eastern Brazil) : formerly Bahia

(The former name is still that of the state ofwhich the city is capital.)

Salvador see El SalvadorSalyuzi see 2KotelnikovoSalzburg (city, western Austria) : Roman Salis-

burgumSalzburgen see Château-SalinsSalzgitter (city, north central Germany) : to 1951

Watenstedt-Salzgitter (The city was founded in1942 on the amalgamation of 28 villages, oneof which was Watenstedt.)

Samanala see Adam’s PeakSamara (city, southwestern Russia) : 1935–1991

KuybyshevSamarkand (city, southeastern Uzbekistan) : an-

cient Greek MarakandaSamarkandsky see TemirtauSamarobriva see AmiensSambir (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Sam-

bor); to 1939 Polish SamborSambor see Sambirßämkir (town, western Azerbaijan) : (Russian

Shamkhor); c.1928–1937 AnnenfeldSamoa (island monarchy, South Pacific) : to 1997

Western Samoa¶amorin (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918,

1938–1945 Hungarian SomorjaSamos (town, southeastern Greece) : formerly

Limìn Vathéos (The town, on the island of thesame name, had a name meaning “harbor of

ßäki 178

Vathy,” for a nearby port, itself known by theTurkish name of Vatq to 1912.)

Samsun (city, northern Turkey) : ancient GreekAmisus

Samter see SzamotuùySamut Prakan (town, south central Thailand) :

locally PaknamSamut Songkhram (town, western Thailand) :

locally Meklong®an‘I’ see SanaaSanaa (city, western Yemen) : [Arabic ®an‘I’]San Ambrosio de Linares see LinaresSan Angelo (city, Texas, southern United States)

: formerly Santa Angela; originally Over-the-River

San Antonio, Mt. (California, southwesternUnited States) : formerly Mt. Baldy

San Antonio de Cortés (town, west centralHonduras) : to early 1930s Talpetate

San Antonio de Padua de Guayama seeGuayama

San Bartolo see General Simón BolívarSan Bartolomé see Venustiano CarranzaSan Beise see ChoybalsanSan Bernardo de la Frontera de Tarija see Tar-

ijaSan Blas Islands (northeastern Panama) : for-

merly Las MulatasSan Buenaventura see VenturaSan Candido (town, northern Italy) : to 1918

German InnichenSan Carlos see LubaSan Carlos de Puno see PunoSan Carlos Borromeo see St. CharlesSanchursk (town, western Russia) : to 1918

TsaryovosanchurskSanclêr see St. Clears1San Cristóbal (province, south central Domini-

can Republic) : to 1961 Trujillo2San Cristobal (island, eastern Galápagos Is-

lands, Ecuador) : formerly Chatham IslandSan Cristóbal de las Casas (city, southeastern

Mexico) : 1934–1948 Ciudad de las Casas;1848–1934 San Cristóbal de las Casas; 1829–1848 Ciudad de San Cristóbal; 1536–1829 Ciu-dad Real de Chiapa; 1535–1536 San Cristóbalde los Llanos; originally Villarreal de Chiapa delos Españoles

San Cristóbal de los Llanos see San Cristóbalde las Casas

San Dalmazzo di Tenda see St.-Dalmas-de-Tende

Sandalwood Island see SumbaSan Daniele del Carso see ¶tanjel na KrasuSandanski (town, southwestern Bulgaria) : to

1949 Sveti Vrach

Sand Hill see KitchenerSandhills see DeniliquinSandhurst see BendigoSan Diego (city, California, southwestern United

States) : formerly San Diego de Alcalá deHenares; to 1602 San Miguel

San Diego de Alcalá de Henares see SanDiego

Sandomierz (town, southeastern Poland) : to1915 Russian Sandomir

Sandomir see SandomierzSand Point see TitusvilleSandwich Island see ÉfatéSandwich Islands see HawaiiSandwick (village, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic SanndabhaigSandy Lane (village, southern England) : Roman

VerlucioSan Eugenio see ArtigasSan Felipe de Lerma see SaltaSan Felipe del Rio see Del Rio1San Fernando (city, eastern Argentina) : for-

merly San Fernando de Buena Vista; to 1806Nuestra Señora del Puerto de las Conchas (Thecity is now part of Greater Buenos Aires.)

2San Fernando (city, southwestern Spain) : to1813 Isla de León

San Fernando de Buena Vista see San Fer-nando

San Fernando del Rio Negro see ResistenciaSan Francisco (city, California, western United

States) : to 1847 Yerba BuenaSan Francisco de Quibdó see QuibdóSan Francisco Gotera (town, eastern El Sal-

vador) : to 1887 GoteraSan Fructuoso see TacuarembóSan Gabriel see Ciudad Venustiano CarranzaSan Gallo see St. GallSangarius see SakaryaSan Germán (town, western Puerto Rico) : to

1570 Nueva Villa de Salamanca (The presentname was assumed from an earlier settlementin a different location.)

San Germano see CassinoSan Giorgio see GiurgiuSan Giovanni di Medua see ShëngjinSan Giuliano Terme (town, central Italy) : to

1935 Bagni San Giuliano; Roman Aquae Cali-dae Pisanorum

Sango (village, southeastern Zimbabwe) : for-merly Portuguese Vila Salazar

Sangorodok see Ust’-VorkutaSan Ignacio (town, western Belize) : formerly

CayoSan Ildefonso (town, central Spain) : alternate

La Granja

179 San Ildefonso

Sanirajak see Hall BeachSan Isidro (city, eastern Argentina) : to 1816

Costa de Monte Grande (The city is now a dis-trict of Greater Buenos Aires.)

San Javier de Bella Isla see LinaresSan Jerónimo de Buenavista see MonteríaSan Jerónimo Ixtepec see Ciudad IxtepecSan Jose (city, California, western United States)

: originally Pueblo de San José de GuadalupeSan José (city, central Costa Rica) : originally

Villa NuevaSan José de Buena Vista de Curicó see CuricóSan José de Cúcuta see CúcutaSan José de Guasimal see CúcutaSan Jose de la Isla see Genaro CodinaSan José de los Amoles see Cortazar1San Juan (province, west central Dominican

Republic) : to 1961 Benefactor (The presentprovince is smaller in area than the original.)

2San Juan (city, northern Puerto Rico) : origi-nally Puerto Rico (The city’s original name,Spanish for “rich port,” gave that of PuertoRico, the state of which it is now the capital,while the island’s original name passed to thatof the city.)

3San Juan (city, west central Argentina) : origi-nally San Juan de la Frontera

San Juan see Puerto RicoSan Juan Bautista see VillahermosaSan Juan de la Frontera see 3San JuanSan Juan de la Frontera de los Chachapoyas

see ChachapoyasSan Juan de los Esteros see MatamorosSan Juan de Vera de las Siete Corrientes see

CorrientesSankt Gallen see St. GallSankt Gotthard see SzentgotthárdSankt Ilgen see ¶entiljSankt Joachimsthal see JáchymovSankt Michel see MikkeliSankt-Mikhel see MikkeliSankt Moritz see St.-MoritzSankt-Peterburg see St. Petersburgßanlqurfa (city, southeastern Turkey) : formerly

Urfa; to 1637 EdessaSan Martin Land see Antarctic PeninsulaSan Miguel see (1) Diez y Ocho de Julio; (2)

San DiegoSan Murrezan see St.-MoritzSanndabhaig see SandwickSan Nicolás de Buenos Aires (town, central

Mexico) : to 1941 MalpaísSan Paolo di Civitate (village, south central

Italy) : Roman Teanum ApulumSan Pablo del Monte see Vicente GuerreroSan Pedro Remate see Bella Vista

San Pietro del Carso see PivkaSan Rafael see La Estrelleta1San Salvador (island, eastern Bahamas, West In-

dies) : formerly Watling Island (When Colum-bus landed on the island in 1492 he recordedits native name as Guanahani.)

2San Salvador (island, central Galápagos,Ecuador) : alternate Santiago or James Island

San Salvador see El SalvadorSan Severa (village, western Italy) : ancient

Greek PyrgiSan Stefano see Ye£ilköySanta Angela see San AngeloSanta Ana de Coriana see CoroSanta Apollonia see RéunionSanta Bárbara see Santa Bárbara d’OesteSanta Bárbara d’Oeste (city, southeastern

Brazil) : to 1944 Santa BárbaraSanta Barbara Islands (California, southwestern

United States) : alternate Channel IslandsSanta Catalina del Saltadero del Guaso see

GuantánamoSanta Cruz (island, central Galápagos Islands,

Ecuador) : formerly Indefatigable IslandSanta Cruz see (1) Aracruz; (2) Corumbalina;

(3) Reriutaba; (4) St. Croix; (5) Santa Cruzdo Sul

Santa Cruz das Palmeiras (town, southeasternBrazil) : to 1944 Palmeiras

Santa Cruz de Bravo see Felipe CarrilloPuerto

Santa Cruz de Galeana see Juventino RosasSanta Cruz do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to

1944 Santa CruzSanta Fe (city, New Mexico, southwestern

United States) : originally Villa Real de laSanta Fé de San Francisco de Asis

Santa Fé de Bacatá see BogotáSanta Isabel see (1) General Trías; (2) MalaboSanta Luiza de Mossoró see MossoróSanta Luzia see LuziâniaSanta María (island, southern Galápagos,

Ecuador) : alternate Charles IslandSanta María Asunción Tlaxiaco see TlaxiacoSanta María del Puerto del Príncipe see Cam-

agüeySanta Maria di Capua Vetere (village, southern

Italy) : Roman Capua (The Roman city, whosemodern name means “St. Mary of OldCapua,” gave the name of nearby Capua.)

Santa Marinella (town, western Italy) : RomanCastrum Novum

Santa Maura see LevkásSantana see UruaçuSantana do Paranaíba see ParanaíbaSantander see Cantabria

Sanirajak 180

1Santarém (city, central Portugal) : Roman Prae-sidium Julium; earlier Roman Scalabis

2Santarém (city, northern Brazil) : originallyTapajós

Santarém see ItuberáSanta Rita do Araguaia see GuiratingaSanta Rita do Paranaíba see ItumbiaraSanta Rosa see (1) Bella Unión; (2) Ciudad

Mendoza; (3) Santa Rosa do ViterboSanta Rosa de Copán (city, northwestern Hon-

duras) : 1812–1869 Los Llanos de Santa Rosa; to1812 Los Llanos

Santa Rosa do Viterbo (town, southeasternBrazil) : 1944–1948 Icaturama; to 1944 SantaRosa

Santa Teresa see Rio das FloresSanta Ursula y las Once Mil Virgines see Vir-

gin IslandsSanthoeck see New Castle1Santiago (city, central Chile) : originally Santi-

ago del Nuevo Extremo2Santiago (city, southern Brazil) : to 1938 Santi-

ago do BoqueirãoSantiago see (1) 2San Salvador; (2) Santiago de

los CaballerosSantiago de Guayaquil see GuayaquilSantiago del Nuevo Extremo see 1SantiagoSantiago de los Caballeros (city, northern Do-

minican Republic) : to 1504 SantiagoSantiago de los Valles de Moyobamba see

MoyobambaSantiago do Boqueirão see 2SantiagoSantiago Rodríguez (town, northwestern Do-

minican Republic) : to 1936 SabanetaSantiponce (town, southwestern Spain) : Roman

ItalicaSanti Quaranta see SarandëSantiváñez (town, central Bolivia) : to 1900s

CarazaSanto see KimSanto Amaro see (1) General Câmara; (2)

Santo Amaro da Imperatriz; (3) SantoAmaro das Brotas

Santo Amaro da Imperatriz (town, southernBrazil) : 1944–1948 Cambirela; to 1944 SantoAmaro

Santo Amaro das Brotas (town, northeasternBrazil) : to 1944 Santo Amaro

1Santo Antônio (town, northeastern Brazil) :1944–1948 Padre Miguelinho

2Santo Antônio (city, southern Brazil) : to 1938Santo Antônio da Patrulha

Santo Antônio see Santo Antônio do LevergerSanto Antônio da Cachoeira see ItaguatinsSanto Antônio da Patrulha see 2Santo An-

tônio

Santo Antônio de Balsas see BalsasSanto Antônio de Piracicaba see PiracicabaSanto Antônio do Campestre see LinsSanto Antônio do Jaguari see São João da Boa

VistaSanto Antônio do Leverger (town, western

Brazil) : 1944–1948 Leverger; 1939–1943Santo Antônio; to 1939 Santo Antônio do RioAbaixo

Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo see Santo An-tônio do Leverger

Santo Domingo (city, southern Dominican Re-public) : 1936–1961 Ciudad Trujillo; to 1502Nueva Isabela (The original city, in an adjacentlocation, was destroyed by a hurricane. TheFrench form of the city’s name, St.-Domingue,was formerly applied both to Haiti and some-times also to the entire island of Hispaniola ofwhich the Dominican Republic now occupiesthe eastern two thirds.)

Santo Domingo see (1) Dominican Republic;(2) Hispaniola

San Tomás de la Nueva Guayana de la Angos-tura see Ciudad Bolívar

Santorini see TheraSantos Apóstoles San Simón y Judas see Gila

BendSantos Fumont (city, southeastern Brazil) : to

1930s PalmyraSanto Tomé de Guayana see Ciudad GuayanaSan Vincente de la Ciénaga see Silver CitySão Benedito see (1) Beneditinos; (2) São

Benedito do Rio PretoSão Benedito do Rio Preto (town, northeastern

Brazil) : to 1944 São BeneditoSão Bento see (1) São Bento do Sul; (2) São

Bento do UnaSão Bento do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : 1944–

1948 Serra Alta; to 1944 São BentoSão Bento do Una (city, northeastern Brazil) : to

1944 São BentoSão Bernardo see São Bernardo do CampoSão Bernardo do Campo (city, southeastern

Brazil) : formerly Borda do Campo; originallySão Bernardo

São Carlos (city, southeastern Brazil) : formerlySão Carlos do Pinhal

São Carlos do Pinhal see São CarlosSão Felipe see IçanaSão Francisco see (1) Itapagé; (2) São Fran-

cisco do Conde; (3) São Francisco doMaranhão; (4) São Francisco do Sul

São Francisco de Paula see PelotasSão Francisco do Conde (town, eastern Brazil) :

to 1944 São FranciscoSão Francisco do Maranhão (town, northeast-

181 São Francisco do Maranhão

ern Brazil) : 1944–1948 Iguaratinga; to 1944São Francisco

São Francisco do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to1944 São Francisco

São Gonçalo see São Gonçalo dos CamposSão Gonçalo dos Campos (city, eastern Brazil) :

to 1944 São GonçaloSão Gonçalo dos Campos see AraripinaSão João Batista da Beira do Ribeirão Claro

see Rio ClaroSão João Batista do Morro Azul see Rio ClaroSão João da Boa Vista (city, southeastern Brazil)

: formerly São João do Jaguari; originally SantoAntônio do Jaguari

São João da Bocâina see BocâinaSão João de Camaquã see CamaquãSão João de Montenegro see 2MontenegroSão João do Jaguari see São João da Boa VistaSão João do Muqui see MuquiSão Joaquim see (1) São Joaquim da Barra;

(2) São Joaquim do MonteSão Joaquim da Barra (city, southeastern Brazil)

: to 1944 São JoaquimSão Joaquim do Monte (town, northeastern

Brazil) : 1944–1948 Camaratuba; to 1944 SãoJoaquim

São Jorge da Mina see ElminaSão José da Lagoa see Nova EraSão José das Aldeias Altas see CaxiasSão José do Campestre (town, northeastern

Brazil) : to 1944 CampestreSão José do Rio Negrinho see ManausSão José do Rio Prêto (city, southeastern Brazil)

: to 1944 Rio PrêtoSão José dos Campos (city, southeastern Brazil)

: formerly Vila de São José do Paraíba; earlierVila de São José do Sul; originally Vila Nova deSão José

São José dos Cocais see Nossa Senhora doLivramento

São José dos Matões see ParnaramaSão José do Tocantins see NiquelândiaSão Lourenço see (1) São Lourenço da Mata;

(2) São Lourenço do SulSão Lourenço da Mata (city, northeastern

Brazil) : to 1944 São LourençoSão Lourenço do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to

1944 São LourençoSão Luís (city, northeastern Brazil) : formerly

São Luiz do MaranhãoSão Luiz de Cáceres see CáceresSão Luiz do Maranhão see São LuísSão Manuel see EugenópolisSão Manuel do Mutum see MutumSão Mateus see (1) Jucás; (2) São Mateus do

Sul

São Mateus do Sul (city, southern Brazil) : to1943 São Mateus

São Miguel see São Miguel das MatasSão Miguel das Matas (town, eastern Brazil) : to

1944 São MiguelSão Paulo see Frei PauloSão Paulo de Luanda see LuandaSão Pedro see São Pedro do SulSão Pedro do Cariry see CaririaçuSão Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul see Rio

GrandeSão Pedro do Sul (town, southern Brazil) : to

1944 São PedroSão Roque see São Roque do ParaguaçuSão Roque do Paraguaçu (town, eastern Brazil)

: to 1944 São RoqueSão Salvador do Congo see Mbanza-CongoSão Sebastião see São Sebastião do PasséSão Sebastião da Grama (town, southeastern

Brazil) : to 1948 GramaSão Sebastião do Passé (city, eastern Brazil) : to

1944 São SebastiãoSão Sebastião do Ribeirão Prêto see Ribeirão

PrêtoSão Vicente see (1) Araguatins; (2) General

VargasSapé see SapeaçuSapeaçu (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 SapéSapronovo see 6Oktyabr’skySarabuz see 1Hvardiys’keSarafand see TsrifinSaragossa (city, northeastern Spain) : [Spanish

Zaragoza]; Roman CaesaraugustaSarajevo (city, southeastern Bosnia-Herzegovina)

: to 1878 Turkish Bosna-SaraySarana (town, western Russia) : to 1933 Nizhne-

saraninskySaranac see St. JosephSaranbey see SeptemvriSarandë (town, southern Albania) : 1940–1943

Italian Porto Edda; 1939–1940 Italian Santi Qua-ranta; 1919–1921 modern Greek Hagioi Saranta

Saran≠ovo see SeptemvriSaratovskaya Manufaktura see Krasny Tek-

stil’shchikSaray-Komar see PanjSarbinowo (village, western Poland) : to 1945

German ZorndorfSardarabad see ArmavirSardarova Karakhana, imeni see LeninSardegna see SardiniaSardinia (island, western Mediterranean) : [Ital-

ian Sardegna]Sarepta see (1) 3Krasnoarmeysk; (2) TsrifinSarh (city, southern Chad) : formerly French

Fort-Archambault

São Francisco do Sul 182

Sark see JerseySarnia (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) : to

1836 Port Sarnia; originally The Rapids (Thecity is now officially Sarnia-Clearwater.)

Sarnia see GuernseySarpan see RotaSarrebruck see SaarbrückenSarq£aban see Khrisoupolisßarköy see PirotSars (town, western Russia) : to 1939 Sarsinsky

ZavodSarsinsky Zavod see SarsSartana (town, southeastern Ukraine) : 1946–

1992 Prymors’ke (Russian Primorskoye)Sarum see Salisburyßärur (town, southwestern Azerbaijan) : 1964–

1990 Russian Il’ichyovsk; to 1964 NorashenSaryar see Khadzhi-DimitrovoSarykemer (village, southeastern Kazakhstan) :

formerly Russian MikhaylovkaSarykol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : formerly

Russian Uritsky; earlier Uritskoye; to 1923 Rus-sian Vsekhsvyatskoye

Sassmacken see ValdemIrpilsSátoraljaújhely see Slovenské Nové MestoSatpayev (town, central Kazakhstan) : formerly

Russian Nikol’skySatu Mare (city, northwestern Romania) : to

1867, 1940–1944 Hungarian SzatmárnémetiSauce see Juan LacazeSauce del Yí (town, south central Uruguay) : to

1924 Spanish Pueblo de la CapillaSaudakent (village, southern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly BaykadamSaúde see PerdigãoSaudi Arabia (kingdom, southwestern Asia) :

[Arabic Al ‘Arabnyah as-Sa‘¨dnyah]Saugeen see SouthamptonSaugus see LynnSaujbulagh see MahabadSaumalkol’ (town, northern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian VolodarskoyeSaurimo (town, northeastern Angola) : formerly

Portuguese Vila Henrique de CarvalhoSaverne (town, northeastern France) : Roman

Tres TabernaeSavoie see SavoySavoy (region, southeastern France) : [French

Savoie]Saxony (region, southeastern Germany) : [Ger-

man Sachsen]Sayanogorsk (city, southern Russia) : to 1975

OznachennoyeSayasan (village, southwestern Russia) : 1944–

c.1957 RitlyabSaybrook see Deep River

Saybusch see Õywiec®aydI’ see SaidaSazanovka see Anan’evoSazonovo (town, western Russia) : to 1947 Belyye

KrestySbeïtla (town, north central Tunisia) : Roman

SufetulaScalabis see 1SantarémScaldis see ScheldtScamander see 2Menderes1Scarborough (city, Ontario, southeastern Can-

ada) : to 1793 Glasgow (The city is now a bor-ough of Metropolitan Toronto.)

2Scarborough (town, southern Tobago, Trinidadand Tobago) : formerly Port Louis

Scardona see SkradinScarpanto see KarpathosSchaarbeek see SchaerbeekSchaerbeek (town, central Belgium) : Flemish

Schaarbeek (The town is now an industrialsuburb of Brussels.)

Schaffhausen (town, northern Switzerland) :French Schaffhouse; Italian Sciaffusa

Schaffhouse see SchaffhausenScharfenwiese see Ostroù dkaScharnikau see CzarnkówSchässburg see Sighi£oaraSchatzlar see ≥ aclé†Schefferville (village, Newfoundland and Labra-

dor, eastern Canada) : to 1955 Knob LakeSchelde see ScheldtScheldt (river, western Europe) : French Escaut;

Flemish Schelde; Roman ScaldisSchemnitz see Banská ¶tiavnicaScherpenheuvel (town, east central Belgium) :

French MontaiguSchieratz see SieradzSchildberg see OstrzeszówSchippenbeil see Sdpolno KraiüskieSchirwindt see KutuzovoSchivelbein see ¡widwinSchlan see SlanïSchlawa see SùawaSchlawe see SùawnoSchlesien see SilesiaSchlesiersee see SùawaSchlesisch-Schumbarg see Haví†ovSchlettstadt see SélestatSchlichtingsheim see SzlichtyngowaSchlochau see CzùuchówSchloppe see CzùopaSchlossbach see NevskoyeSchlossberg see Dobrovol’skSchluckenau see ¶luknovSchlüsselburg see Shlissel’burgSchmiedeberg see Kowary

183 Schmiedeberg

Schmiegel see ¡migielSchneidemühl see PiùaSchömberg see Cheùmsko ¡lRskieSchönau see ¡wierzawaSchönberg see SulikówSchöneck see SkarszewySchönlanke see TrzciankaSchönstein see ¶o§tanjSchreckenstein see St†ekovSchreiberhau see Sklarska PordbaSchrimm see ¡remSchroda see ¡roda WielkopolskaSchröttersburg see PùockSchubin see SzubinSchwaben see SwabiaSchwanenburg see GulbeneSchwarzheide (town, eastern Germany) : to 1936

Wendish Zschornegosda (The Wendish name,in modern form Torny Hózd, was translatedinto German in 1936 and the original village,which grew in the 1920s into a dormitory forworkers at Lauchhammer and in the lignitemines near Senftenberg, was raised to townstatus in 1967.)

Schwarzwald see Black ForestSchwarzwasser see Czarna WodaSchweidnitz see ¡widnicaSchweiz see SwitzerlandSchwerin an der Warte see SkwierzynaSchwetz see ¡wiecieSchwiebus see ¡wiebodzinSciaffusa see SchaffhausenScilly Island see 2ManuaeScilly Isles (southwestern England) : Roman

Silina; ancient Greek Cassiterides (The form ofthe Roman name is conjectural, and an alter-nate form, Silimnus, recorded by Pliny, is al-most certainly corrupt. The Greek name,meaning “tin islands,” from Greek kassiteros,“tin,” is usually applied to the Scillies but mayhave had a more general reference to lands inwestern Europe where tin was mined.)¡cinawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Steinau an der OderScitis see SkyeScodra see ShkodërScone (town, New South Wales, southwestern

Australia) : originally InvermeinScoresbysund see IttoqqortoormiitScotia see ScotlandScotland (country, northern Great Britain) :

Gaelic Alba; Medieval Latin Scotia; RomanCaledonia (The Gaelic name is related to Al-bion as an ancient name of Britain as a whole.The Roman name, also spelled Calidonia, ap-plied generally to Scotland north of a line

from the Firth of Forth in the east to the Firthof Clyde in the west, although it was alsosometimes used for the whole of northernBritain. The name is present today in theCaledonian Canal, which extends diagonallyacross northern Scotland from the Moray Firthin the northeast to Loch Linnhe in the south-west, while traces of the classical name survivein the town of Dunkeld and nearby castle Ro-hallion, northwest of Perth, and the mountainSchiehallion, near Kinloch Rannoch. See alsoNew Caledonia. The Medieval Latin name ispreserved in that of Nova Scotia, Canada.)

Scottish Borders (administrative region, south-eastern Scotland) : to 1996 Borders

Scott’s Plains see 1PeterboroughScranton (city, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : 1850–1851 Scrantonia; 1845–1850 Harrison; to 1845 Slocum Hollow; earlierUnionville; originally Deep Hollow

Scrantonia see ScrantonScratching River see MorrisScugog Village see Port PerryScutari see (1) Shkodër; (2) ÜsküdarScylacium see SquillaceScythopolis see Bet She’anSeabra see TarauacáSea Mills (village, southwestern England) :

Roman Abona (The Roman name is that of theAvon River here. Sea Mills is now a district ofBristol.)

Sea of : for names beginning thus, see the nextword, as Azov, Sea of

Searcy (town, Arkansas, south central UnitedStates) : to 1835 White Sulphur Springs

Sebastea see SivasSebastopol see Sevastopol’Sebastopolis see SokhumiSebenico see ¶ibenikSebe£ (town, central Romania) : to 1918 Hungar-

ian Szászsebes; to 1867 German MühlbachSechenovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945

Tyoply StanSeckenburg see ZapovednoyeSecond Crossing see RevelstokeSedalia (town, Missouri, central United States) :

originally SedvilleSedlVany (town, west central Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German SeltschanSedlets see SiedlceSedovo see SyedoveSedunum see SionSedville see SedaliaSeeburg see JezioranySeelowitz see ≥ idlochoviceSegaon see Sevagram

Schmiegel 184

Segeberg see Bad SegebergSegedunum see WallsendSegelocum see LittleboroughSegesvár see Sighi£oaraSegewold see SiguldaSegni (town, western Italy) : Roman SigniaSegodunum see RodezSegontium see CaernarfonSegovia see CocoSeguntia see SigüenzaSeibersdorf see Zebrzydowice DolneSeidenberg see ZawidówSeine (river, northern France) : Roman SequanaSeine-Inférieure see Seine-MaritimeSeine-Maritime (department, northern France) :

to 1955 Seine-InférieureSeis de Septiembre see MorónSeitenberg see Stronie ¡lRskieSeitler see Nyzhn’ohirs’kyySejny (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1915 Rus-

sian SeynySeldzhikovo see KaloyanovoSélestat (town, northeastern France) : 1870–1918

German SchlettstadtSeleznevsky Rudnik see Pereval’s’kSeleznivs’kyy Rudnyk see Pereval’s’kSellafield (village, northwestern England) : to

1971 Windscale (Both names are associatedwith the nuclear power station and reprocess-ing plant here.)

Selma (town, Alabama, southeastern UnitedStates) : to c.1819 Moore’s Bluff

Selmecbánya see Banská ¶tiavnicaSeltschan see SedlVanySelukwe see ShurugwiSelvi see SevlievoSemey (city, northeastern Kazakhstan) : to 1991

SemipalatinskSemibratovo (town, western Russia) : to 1948

IsadySemil see SemilySemily (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German SemilSemiozyornoye see Auliyekol’Semipalatinsk see SemeySem’ Kolodezey see LenineSemlin see ZemunSemyonovka see ArsenyevSemyonovskoye see (1) Bereznik; (2) Ostrov-

skoyeSena Gallica see SenigalliaSena Julia see SienaSenaki (town, western Georgia) : 1976–1991

Tskhakaya; 1933–1976 Mikha TskhakayaSeneca see West SenecaSenftenberg see ≥ amberk

Senhor do Bonfim (city, eastern Brazil) : to 1944Bonfim

Senica (city, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar-ian Szenic

Senigallia (city, central Italy) : Roman Sena Gal-lica

Senir see Hermon, Mt.Senj (town, western Croatia) : to 1918 German

ZenggSenneterre (town, Quebec, southeastern Can-

ada) : to 1918 NottawaySennybridge (village, south central Wales) :

Welsh PontsenniSens (town, north central France) : Roman

AgedincumSensburg see MrRgowoSenta (city, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941–1944

Hungarian Zenta¶entilj (village, northeastern Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1945 German Sankt IlgenSentosa (island, southern Singapore) : to 1970

Blakang MatiSentyanivka see 2FrunzeSentyanovka see 2FrunzeSdpólno Krajeüskie (town, northwestern

Poland) : 1772–1919, 1939–1945 German Zem-pelburg

Sepopol (village, northeastern Poland) : to 1945German Schippenbeil

Sepsiszentgyörgy see Sfîntu GheorgheSeptemvri (town, west central Bulgaria) : to 1950

Saran≠ovo; to 1878 Turkish SaranbeySept-Îles (city, Quebec, eastern Canada) : alter-

nate English Seven IslandsSequana see SeineSeradz see SieradzSerafimovich (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1933 Ust’-MedveditskayaSerbia (republic, southeastern Europe) : [Serbian

Srbija]; formerly English ServiaSerbs, Croats, and Slovenes, Kingdom of see

YugoslaviaSerdica see SofiaSerdobol’ see SortavalaSerebryanyye Prudy (town, western Russia) : to

c.1928 Sergiyevy PrudySereda see FurmanovSerendip see Sri LankaSeres see SerresSereth see SiretSerfice see ServiaSergiopol’ see AyagozSergiyev see Sergiyev PosadSergiyev Posad (city, western Russia) : 1930–1991

Zagorsk; 1919–1930 Sergiyev; to 1918 SergiyevskyPosad

185 Sergiyev Posad

Sergiyevskoye see PlavskSergiyevsky see FakelSergiyevsky Posad see Sergiyev PosadSergiyevy Prudy see Serebryanyye PrudySergo see StakhanovSerov (city, west central Russia) : 1938–1939

Nadezhdinsk; 1935–1939 Kabakovsk;1934–1935 Nadezhdinsk; to 1934 NadezhdinskyZavod

Serpa Pinto see MenongueSerpets see SierpcSerra Alta see São Bento do SulSerra Branca (town, eastern Brazil) : 1944–1948

ItamorotingaSerramazzoni (village, north central Italy) : to

1948 Monfestino in Serra MazzoniSerra Negra see Serra Negra do NorteSerra Negra do Norte (town, northeastern

Brazil) : to 1944 Serra NegraSerra Talhada (city, northeastern Brazil) : to

1939 Villa BellaSerravalle Libarna see Serravalle ScriviaSerravalle Scrivia (village, northern Italy) : for-

merly Serravalle LibarnaSerres (city, northeastern Greece) : to 1913 Turk-

ish SeresSerrinha see JuripirangaSertânia (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 Por-

tuguese Alagoa de BaixoSertãozinho see Major IsidoroServia (town, north central Greece) : to 1913

Turkish SerficeServia see SerbiaSesana see Se±anaSessa Aurunca (town, central Italy) : Roman

Suessa AuruncaSessions’ Settlement see BountifulSète (town, southern France) : to 1936 CetteSeti see MestiaSeto-naikai see Inland SeaSevagram (town, west central India) : to 1940

SegaonSevan (town, central Armenia) : to c.1935 Rus-

sian YelenovkaSevastopol’ (city, southern Ukraine) : formerly

English Sebastopol (The English name is his-torically associated with the siege of the townin 1854–55 during the Crimean War and withthe Soviet stand against German forces here in1942 during World War II.)

Seven Islands see Sept-ÎlesSeven Sisters (village, southern Wales) : Welsh

BlaendulaisSevern (river, southern Wales/western England) :

Welsh Hafren; Roman SabrinaSevernaya Zemlya (archipelago, northern Rus-

sia) : occasional alternate English North Land;to 1926 Russian Zemlya Imperatora Nikolaya II(English Nicholas II Land)

Severnoye (village, western Russia) : formerlySok-Karmala

Severn Sea see Bristol ChannelSeverny Rudnik see KiroveSeverny Suchan see UglekamenskSeverodonetsk see Syeverodonets’kSeverodvinsk (city, northwestern Russia) :

1938–1957 Molotovsk; to 1938 SudostroySevero-Kuril’sk (town, eastern Russia) :

1905–1945 Japanese KashiwabaraSeveromorsk (city, northwestern Russia) : to

1951 VayengaSeveroural’sk (town, western Russia) : to 1944

Petropavlovsky (The mining town arose in 1944on the union of Petropavlovsky with Sever-oural’skiye Boksitovyye Rudniki, “NorthernUrals Bauxite Mines,” taking its name fromthe latter.)

Seversk see Sivers’kSevilla see SevilleSeville (city, southwestern Spain) : [Spanish

Sevilla]; Roman HispalisSevlievo (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish SelviSevlu§ see VynohradivSevlyush see VynohradivSeydi (town, northeastern Turkmenistan) : for-

merly Russian NeftezavodskSeymour (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : 1805–1850 Humphreyville;1735–1805 Chusetown; 1670–1735 Rimmon;originally Naugatuck

Seyny see SejnySe±ana (town, southwestern Slovenia) : to 1947

Italian SesanaSfax (city, eastern Tunisia) : [Arabic ®afIqis]Sfîntu Gheorghe (city, central Romania) : to

1918, 1940–1945 Hungarian Sepsiszentgyörgy’s-Gravenbrakel see Braine-le-Comte’s-Gravenhage see Hague, TheShaanxi (province, east central China) : alternate

Shensi (The first syllables of this name and thatof the neighboring province of Shanxi soundidentical in Chinese except in tone. Hence thearbitrary alteration of a to e in the alternatespelling and the doubling of a in the standardPinyin transliteration.)

Shaarihan see ShahrihonShaba see KatangaShabalino see 1LeninskoyeShabani see ZvishavaniShabbaz see BeruniyShade’s Mills see Galt

Sergiyevskoye 186

Shafirkan see ShofirkonShIhIbId see EslImIbId-e GharbSha∏∏It (village, northeastern Libya) : ancient

Greek and biblical CyreneShahi see Gha’em ShahrShahjahanabad see DelhiShahpur see SalmasShahreza see QomshehShahrihon (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian

Shakhrikhan); 1961–1970 Russian Moskovsky;c.1940–1961 Russian Stalino; 1937–c.1940 Rus-sian imeni Stalina; to 1937 Shaarikhan

Shahsavar see TonekabonShaidan (town, northern Tajikistan) : to 1945 AshtShakhimardan see HamzaShakhrikhan see ShahrihonShakhtars’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Shakhtyorsk); 1945–1953 Katyk (The town wasformed in 1953 on the merger of Oleksiyeve-Orlivka [Russian Alekseyevo-Orlovka], Katyk[to 1945 Russian Zapadno-Gruppsky], andOlkhivchyk [Russian Ol’khovchik].)

Shakhtars’ke see 1Pershotravens’kShakhty (city, southwestern Russia) : to 1920

Aleksandrovsk-GrushevskyShakhty see GusinoozerskShakhtyorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese ToroShakhtyorsk see Shakhtars’kShakhtyorskoye see 1Pershotravens’kShaki see ¶akiaiShakotan see MalokurilskoyeShakyay see ¶akiaiShali (town, southwestern Russia) : 1944–1957

Mezhdurech’yeShamkhor see ßämkirShamo see GobiShamva (town, northeastern Zimbabwe) : for-

merly AbercornShana see KurilskShangdu (town, northern China) : formerly po-

etic XanaduShansi see ShanxiShanxi (province, east central China) : alternate

Shansi (See the comments for Shaanxi.)Sharapkino see Sverdlovs’kSharapkyne see Sverdlovs’kSharjah see Ash ShIriqahSharypovo (town, southern Russia) : 1985–1988

ChernenkoShatilki see SvyetlahorskShatura (city, western Russia) : to 1928 Shatur-

torfShaturtorf see ShaturaShaumiani (town, southern Georgia) :

1925–1936 Shaumyan; to 1925 Shulaveri

Shaumyan see ShaumianiShaumyanovsk see GoranboyShavgar see TurkestanShavli see ¶iauliaiShawnee (city, Kansas, central United States) :

originally Gum SpringsShaytansky Zavod see Pervoural’skShcheglovsk see KemerovoShcherbakov see RybinskShcherbinovka see 1Dzerzhyns’kShcherbynivka see 2Dzerzhyns’kShchors (town, northern Ukraine) : to 1935

SnovskShchorsk see Shorchs’kShchors’k (town, east central Ukraine) : (Russian

Shchorsk); to 1939 Bozhedarivka (RussianBozhedarovka)

Shchuchin see (1) Shchuchyn; (2) SzczuczynShchuchinsk (city, northern Kazakhstan) : to

1939 Russian Shchuch’yeShchuch’ye see ShchuchinskShchuchyn (town, western Belarus) : (Russian

Shchuchin); 1919–1939 Polish SzczuczynNowogródski; to 1918 Russian Shchuchin

Shchuchyn see SzczuczynShebunino (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese Minami-nayoshiShechem see NIblusSheen see 1RichmondSheep Mountain see Coolidge, Mt.Sheki see ßäkiSheksna (town, western Russia) : formerly

Nikol’skoye1Shelburne (town, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1865 Jelly’s Corner2Shelburne (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Can-

ada) : 1713–1783 Port Roseway; to 1713 Port Ra-zoir

Shelekhovo (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Kakumabetsu

Shell Beach see Huntington BeachShelter Bay see Port-CartierShelton (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1789 RiptonShëngjin (town, northwestern Albania) : for-

merly Italian San Giovanni di MeduaShensi see ShaanxiShenyang (city, northeastern China) : formerly

Manchu Mukden (The Manchu name is asso-ciated with the 1931 “Mukden Incident,” whenthe Japanese army used an explosion on therailroad near Shenyang as an excuse to occupythe city and the rest of Manchuria.)

Shepherdstown (town, West Virginia, east cen-tral United States) : to 1798 Mecklenburg

Sheppard’s Fall see Almonte

187 Sheppard’s Fall

Shepparton (town, Victoria, southeastern Aus-tralia) : 1853–1855 Sheppartown; to 1853Macguire’s Punt.

Sheppartown see Shepparton’s-Hertogenbosch (city, southern Netherlands) :

commonly Den Bosch; 1794–1814 French Bois-le-Duc

Shetland (island group, northern Scotland) : al-ternate Zetland

Shevchenko (town, eastern Ukraine) : to 1921Lysa Hora (Russian Lysaya Gora)

Shevchenko see Aktau1Shevchenkove (town, northeastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Shevchenkovo); to 1922 Bulatselivka(Russian Bulatselovka)

2Shevchenkove (town, central Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Shevchenkovo); to 1929 Kyrylivka (RussianKirillovka)

Shevchenkove see Dolyns’kaShevchenkovo see (1) Dolyns’ke; (2)

1,2ShevchenkoveShexian (city, eastern China) : to 1912 HuichengShibboleth see Mason CityShibetoro see SlavnoyeShikhirdany see 1ChkalovskoyeShikhrany see KanashShikirlikitai see SuvoroveShikuka see PoronayskShilute see ¶iluteShimba see DachnoyeShip Harbour see Port HawkesburyShiraura see 2Vzmor’yeShirenewton (village, southeastern Wales) :

Welsh Drenewedd Gelli-farchShiritoru see MakarovShirley City see WoodburnShirokolanovka see ShyrokolanivkaShkodër (city, northwestern Albania) : formerly

Italian Scutari; to 1913 Turkish j£kodra; RomanScodra

Shlissel’burg (town, western Russia) : 1944–1991Petrokrepost’; 1702–1944 German Schlüsselburg;1612–1702 Swedish Nöteborg; to 1612 RussianOreshek

Shmakivs’kyy Rudnyk see Pokrovs’keShmakovsky Rudnik see Pokrovs’keShofirkon (town, central Uzbekistan) : (Russian

Shafirkan); c.1935–1937 Bauman; to c.1935Khodzhaarif

Sholkhi see 1Oktyabr’skoyeShopokov (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) : to 1985

Russian Krasnooktyabr’skyShpakovskoye (village, southwestern Russia) :

formerly MikhaylovskoyeShqipëri see AlbaniaShropshire (county, western England) : alternate

Salop (The alternate name was official for thecounty from 1974 to 1980.)

Shtefan Vode see ßtefan VodQShterivs’ke see Petrovs’keShterovskoye see Petrovs’keShulaveri see ShaumianiShul’mak see NavabadShumanay (town, western Uzbekistan) : to 1950

Taza-BazarShumen (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1950–

1965 KolarovgradShumnu Bokhchalar see KaolinovoShurugwi (town, central Zimbabwe) : to 1982

SelukweShushan see SusaShvenchyonelyay see ¶venVioncliaiShvenchyonis see ¶venVionysShwebo (town, north central Myanmar) : to

c.1753 MoksobomyoShyaulyay see ¶iauliaiShykyrlykytay see SuvoroveShymkent (town, southern Kazakhstan) : to 1991

Russian ChimkentShyrokolanivka (village, southern Ukraine) :

(Russian Shirokolanovka); c.1935–1945 imenyKarla Libknekhta (Russian imeni KarlaLibknekhta); to c.1935 Landau

Siam see ThailandSianów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Zanow¶iauliai (city, northern Lithuania) : (Russian

Shyaulyay); to 1918 Russian ShavliSiazan’ see SiyäzänSibari (village, southern Italy) : ancient Greek

Thurii; earlier ancient Greek Sybaris (The vil-lage is now part of the town of Cassano alloIonio. Its original Greek name gave Englishsybaritic, from the wealth and luxury of thecity’s inhabitants.)¶ibenik (town, southern Croatia) : to 1943 Ital-

ian SebenicoSiberia (region, eastern Russia) : [Russian Sibir’]Sibir’ see SiberiaSibirsky see NazyvayevskSibirtsevo (town, southeastern Russia) : to 1972

ManzovkaSibiu (city, central Romania) : to 1918 Hun-

garian Nagyszeben; to 1867 German Hermann-stadt

Sicca Veneria see Le KefSichelberg see SierpcSichirlichitai see SuvoroveSicilia see SicilySicily (island, southern Italy) : [Italian Sicilia]Sidi Akacha (village, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French Montenotte

Shepparton 188

Sidi Ali (village, northwestern Algeria) : toc.1962 French Cassaigne

Sidi Ali Ben Youb (village, northwestern Alge-ria) : to c.1962 French Chanzy

Sidi Ali Boussidi (village, northwestern Algeria): to c.1962 French Parmentier

Sidi Allal Bahraoui (village, northwestern Mo-rocco) : formerly French Monod

Sidi Bel Attar (village, northwestern Algeria) : toc.1962 French Pont du Chéliff

Sidi Ben Adda (village, northwestern Algeria) :to c.1962 French Trois-Marabouts

Sidi Ben Yekba (village, northwestern Algeria) :to c.1962 French Kléber

Sidi Brahim (village, northwestern Algeria) : toc.1962 French Prudhon

Sidi el Abed (village, northwestern Morocco) :formerly French Plage des Contrebandiers

Sidi Ghiles (village, northern Algeria) : to c.1962French Novi

Sidi Hamadouche (village, northwestern Alge-ria) : to c.1962 French Les Trembles

Sidi Kacem (city, northern Morocco) : formerlyFrench Petitjean

Sidi Khaled (village, northwestern Algeria) : toc.1962 French Palissy

Sidi Lahssen (village, northwestern Algeria) : toc.1962 French Détrie

Sidi Lakhdar (village, northern Algeria) : toc.1962 French Lavarande

Sidi Mohammed Ben Ali (village, northern Al-geria) : to c.1962 French Renault

Sidi Rafa (village, northern Libya) : formerlyItalian Beda Littoria

Sidirókastro (town, northeastern Greece) : to1913 Turkish Demirhisar

Sidon see SaidaSiebenbürgen see TransylvaniaSiedlce (town, east central Poland) : to 1915 Rus-

sian SedletsSiemianowice ¡lRskie (city, southern Poland) :

1939–1945 German LaurahütteSiena (city, central Italy) : Roman Sena JuliaSieradz (town, central Poland) : 1949–1945 Ger-

man Schieratz; to 1915 Russian SeradzSieraków (town, western Poland) : 1939–1945

German ZirkeSierpc (town, north central Poland) : 1940–1945

German Sichelberg; to 1915 Russian SerpetsSifton see LembergSig (town, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962

French St.-Denis-du-SigSighetu-Marma´iei (city, northern Romania) :

to 1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian Mára-marossziget; to 1867 German Marmaroschsiget

Sighi£oara (town, central Romania) : to 1918

Hungarian Segesvár; to 1867 German Schäss-burg

Signia see SegniSigüenza (town, central Spain) : Roman SeguntiaSigulda (town, north central Latvia) : to 1017

German SegewoldSihanoukville (city, southern Cambodia) : for-

merly Kompong SomSilberberg see Srebrna GóraSilchester (village, southern England) : Roman

Calleva AtrebatumSilesia (region, southwestern Poland/northern

Czech Republic/southeastern Germany) :[German Schlesien] (Most of Silesia is today inPoland, but the German name remains currentas the region was formerly in Germany.)

Sili see SullySilia Hermia see CovilhãSilina see Scilly IslesSilistra (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish Silistre; Roman DurostorumSilistre see SilistraSillein see ≥ ilina¶ilutc (city, western Lithuania) : (Russian

Shilute); 1921–1939, 1939–1945 German Hei-dekrug (Both German and Lithuanian nameswere in official use from 1821 to 1939.)

Silva Jardim (town, southeastern Brazil) : to1943 Capivari

Silvan (town, eastern Turkey) : ancient GreekMartyropolis; originally ancient Greek Tigra-nocerta

Silvânia (town, central Brazil) : to 1944 BonfimSilva Porto see KuitoSilver City (town, New Mexico, southwestern

United States) : to 1876 Spanish San Vincentede la Ciénaga

Sim (town, west central Russia) : to c.1928 Sim-sky Zavod

Simão Dias (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944Anápolis

Simbirsk (city, western Russia) : 1924–1991Ul’yanovsk

Simeonovgrad (town, south central Bulgaria) :1945–1989 Maritsa; to 1945 Zlaten Dol (Thetown arose in 1933 on the union of two vil-lages either side of the Maritsa River.)

Simferopol’ (city, southern Ukraine) : to 1783Ak-Mechet’

Sim Kolodyaziv see Lenine¶imonovany see PartizánskeSimsky Zavod see SimSimson’s Ranges see MaryboroughSin see Tell el-FaramaSinai, Mt. (northeastern Egypt) : alternate Gebel

Musa; biblical Mt. Horeb

189 Sinai, Mt.

Sinclair (village, Wyoming, west central UnitedStates) : to 1943 Parco

Sinegorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Kawakami

Sinel’nikovo see Synel’nykoveSîngerai (village, north central Moldova) : for-

merly Russian LazovskSingidunum see BelgradeSingleton (town, New South Wales, southeastern

Australia) : to 1822 St. Patrick’s PlainSing Sing see OssiningSinkiang Uighur see Xinjiang UygurSinop (town, northern Turkey) : ancient Greek

Sinope (The classical name is associated withthe Russian naval victory over the Turks in1853 during the Russo-Turkish War, an eventleading to the Crimean War of 1854–56.)

Sinoya see ChinhoyiSint-Andries (village, northwestern Belgium) :

French St.-AndréSint-Gillis see St.-GillesSint-Gillis-bij-Dendermonde (village, northern

Belgium) : French St.-Gilles-lez-TermondeSint-Gillis-Waas (town, northern Belgium) :

French St.-Gilles-WaasSint-Jans-Molenbeek see Molenbeek-St.-JeanSint-Katelijne-Waver (town, northern Belgium)

: French Wavre-Ste.-CatherineSint-Niklaas (town, northern Belgium) : French

St.-NicolasSintra (city, western Portugal) : formerly mostly

CintraSint-Truiden (town, east central Belgium) :

French St.-TrondSinus Arabicus see Red SeaSinus Gallicus see Lion, Golfe duSinus Persicus see Persian GulfSion (town, southwestern Switzerland) : German

Sitten; Roman SedunumSioux City (city, Iowa, north central United

States) : to 1857 ThompsonvilleSipolilo see GuruveSiponzh see BartangSiqueira Campos (town, southern Brazil) : to

c.1935 Colonia MineiraSiqueira Campos see GuaçuíSiracusa see SyracuseSirdaryo (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : (Russian

Syrdar’ya); formerly Russian Syrdar’insky; to1947 Russian Syrnovorossiysk

Siret (town, northern Romania) : to 1918 Ger-man Serethßiria (village, western Romania) : to 1918 Hun-

garian VilágosSirion see Hermon, Mt.Siris see Nova Siri

Sisak (town, northern Croatia) : to 1867 GermanSissek

Sissek see SisakSisson see Mount ShastaSitka (city, Alaska, northwestern United States) :

to 1867 NovoarkhangelskSitniki (town, western Russia) : to 1946 KozlikhaSitten see SionSittwe (city, western Myanmar) : formerly AkyabSivas (city, central Turkey) : Roman SebasteaSivashskoye see Syvas’keSivers’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Sev-

ersk); to 1973 YamaSiyäzän (town, northeastern Azerbaijan) : (Rus-

sian Siazan’); to 1954 Kyzyl-BurunSiyut-Dzheret see Pryazovs’keSizebolu see SozopolSjælland (island, eastern Denmark) : formerly

English Zealand (The English form of thename lies behind that of New Zealand.)

Skalica (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-garian Szakolca; to 1867 German Skalitz

Skalitz see SkalicaSkanderoon see jskenderunSkarszewy (town, northern Poland) : to 1945

German SchöneckSkawina (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945

German KonradshofSkea’s Corners see OshawaSkenfrith (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

YnysgynwraiddSkernevitsy see SkierniewiceSkerries (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Na SceiríSkerries, The (island, northwestern Wales) :

Welsh Ynysoedd y Moelrhoniaid (The islandcomprises a number of interconnecting rocks.Hence its plural English and Welsh names.)

Skibbereen (town, southwestern Ireland) : IrishAn Sciobairín

Skierniewice (town, east central Poland) : to1915 Russian Skernevitsy

Skikda (city, northeastern Algeria) : to c.1962French Philippeville

Skit see DivnogorskSkobelev see Farg’onaSkoczów (town, southern Poland) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German Skotschau¶kofja Loka (town, western Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1945 German BischoflackSkokie (village, Illinois, east central United

States) : to 1940 Niles CenterSkópelos (island, eastern Greece) : ancient Greek

PeparethosSkopje (city, northern Macedonia) : 1913–1941

Serbian Skoplje; to 1913 Turkish ÜskübSkoplje see Skopje

Sinclair 190

Skotovataya see Verkhn’otorets’keSkotschau see SkoczówSkotuvata see Verkhn’otorets’keSkovorodino (town, southeastern Russia) : to

c.1940 RukhlovoSkradin (village, southern Croatia) : to 1918,

1941–1944 Italian ScardonaSkuratovsky (town, western Russia) : to 1948

YuzhnySkwierzyna (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1945 German Schwerin an der WarteSkye (island, northwestern Scotland) : Roman

ScitisSlane (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Baile ShláineSlanï (town, west central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German SchlanSlaughter see 2AuburnSlavgorod see SlawharadSlavkov u Brna (town, eastern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German Austerlitz (TheGerman name is noted for the battle of 1805in which the French defeated the combinedRussian and Austrian forces.)

Slavnoye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Shibetoro

Slavonia (region, northern Croatia) : [Serbo-Croat Slavonija]

Slavonija see SlavoniaSlavonska Po±ega see Po±egaSlavonski Brod (city, eastern Croatia) : to 1867

German BrodSlavsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 German

HeinrichswaldeSlavskoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German KreuzbergSlavyanka see MyrzakentSlavyanogorsk see Slov’yanohirs’kSlavyanovo (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1934

Turski Tr≠stenikSlavyansk see Slov’yans’kSlavyanskaya see Slavyansk-na-KubaniSlavyansk-na-Kubani (city, southwestern Rus-

sia) : to 1958 SlavyanskayaSùawa (town, western Poland) : 1937–1945 Ger-

man Schlesiersee; to 1937 German SchlawaSlawentzitz see SùawidciceSlawharad (town, eastern Belarus) : (Russian

Slavgorod); to 1945 PropoyskSùawidcice (village, southern Poland) : c.1935–

1945 German Ehrenforst; to c.1935 GermanSlawentzitz

Sùawno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Schlawe

Sleepy Hollow (village, New York, northeasternUnited States) : 1874–1996 North Tarrytown;originally Beekmanton

Sleptsovskaya (village, southwestern Russia) :formerly Ordzhonikidzevskaya

Sligeach see SligoSligo (town, northwestern Ireland) : Irish

SligeachSliven (city, east central Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turk-

ish jslimieSloboda see EzhvaSlobodskoye see ChaplyginSlocum Hollow see ScrantonSlomikhino see ZhalpaktalSlonim (city, western Belarus) : 1913–1939 Polish

SùonimSùonim see SlonimSùoüsk (town, western Poland) : to 1945 German

SonnenburgSlovakia (republic, central Europe) : [Slovak

Slovensko] (The country was formed in 1993from the eastern part of Czechoslovakia, thewestern part becoming the Czech Republic.)

Slovenia (republic, southeastern Europe) :[Slovene Slovenija]

Slovenija see SloveniaSlovenj Gradec (town, northern Slovenia) : to

1918, 1941–1945 German WindischgrätzSlovenské Nové Mesto (town, southeastern Slo-

vakia) : to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Sátoral-jaújhely (The town lies in two communities ei-ther side of the border with Hungary, hereformed by the Sátor River. The Hungariantown, bearing the old Hungarian name, isknown to the Slovaks as Nové Mesto nad¶atorom. Both of these names mean “new townon the Sátor,” while the name of the Slovakiancommunity means “Slovakian new town.”)

Slovensko see SlovakiaSlovenskï Meder see PalárikovoSlov’yanohirs’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Slavyanogorsk); to 1964 Banivs’ke (RussianBannovsky)

Slov’yans’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (RussianSlavyansk)¶luknov (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German SchluckenauSùupca (town, west central Poland) : 1940–1945

German Slupka; to 1915 Russian SluptsySlupka see SùupcaSùupsk (city, northern Poland) : to 1945 German

StolpSluptsy see SùupcaSlutsk see PavlovskSmaldeel see TheunissenSmarhon’ (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Rus-

sian Smorgon’); 1919–1939 Polish Smorgonie; to1918 Russian Smorgon

Smidovich (town, eastern Russia) : formerly In

191 Smidovich

¡migiel (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Schmiegel

Smirnenski (village, northeastern Bulgaria) :1934–1950 Knyazheva Polyana; to 1934 TurkishBei-alan.

Smirnovo (town, northern Kazakhstan) : to 1973Smirnovsky

Smirnovsky see SmirnovoSmithfield see OlympiaSmith Mountain see Palomar, Mt.Smith’s Creek see Port HopeSmith’s Crossroads see DaytonSmithton see 1ColumbiaSmithville (village, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : formerly GriffintownSmithville see 2RichmondSmolyan (city, southern Bulgaria) : to 1934

Turkish PashmakliSmorgon’ see Smarhon’Smorgonie see Smarhon’Smychka (town, western Russia) : to 1929 Ivan-

ovskoye (The town is now part of Voloko-lamsk.)

Smyrna (town, Delaware, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1806 Duck Creek Cross Roads

Smyrna see jzmirSnare Lakes see WekwetìSnegurovka see TetiyivSne±nik (mountain, southern Slovenia) : 1919–

1947 Italian Monte Nevoso¡niardwy (lake, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German Spirding¡niatyn see SnyatynSnieVkus see VisaginasSnina (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar-

ian SzinnaSnovsk see ShchorsSnowdon (mountain, northwestern Wales) :

Welsh Yr WyddfaSnowdonia (mountain region, northwestern

Wales) : Welsh Eryri (The region centers onSnowdon.)

Snowdrift see úutselk’eSnyatyn (town, western Ukraine) : to 1939 Pol-

ish ¡niatynSobidcin (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German HermsdorfSobinka (town, western Russia) : early 1920s

KomavangardSobótka (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German ZobtenSobradinho (town, southern Brazil) : to 1938

JacuíSobrance (town, eastern Slovakia) : to 1918,

1939–1945 Hungarian SzobráncSocorro see Fronteiras

Södertälje (town, east central Sweden) : origi-nally Tälje

Sofia (city, west central Bulgaria) : [BulgarianSofiya]; to 1878 Turkish Sofya; to 1376 Bulgar-ian Sredets; Roman Serdica

Sofiya see SofiaSofiyevka see (1) Karlo-Marksove; (2)

Vil’nyans’kSofiyevsky Rudnik see Karlo-MarksoveSofiyivka see (1) Karlo-Marksove; (2) Vil’n-

yans’kSofiyivs’kyy Rudnyk see Karlo-MarksoveSoflu see SoufliSofulu see SoufliSofya see SofiaSohrau see ÕorySoignies (town, southwestern Belgium) : Flem-

ish ZinnikSoissons (city, northern France) : Roman Sues-

sionaeSokhumi (city, northwestern Georgia) : (Russian

Sukhumi); 1848–1935 Russian Sukhum; 17th–19th century Turkish Sukhum-Kale; earlierTskhum; Roman Sebastopolis; ancient GreekDioscurias

Sok-Karmala see SevernoyeSokol (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-

nese OtaniSokolka see SokólkaSokólka (town, northeastern Poland) : 1939–

1941 Belarussian Sakulka; to 1918 RussianSokolka

Sokolov (town, western Czech Republic) : 1945–1948 Falknov; to 1918, 1938–1945 German Fal-kenau (The full former Czech and Germannames were Falknov nad Oh†í and Falkenau ander Eger, for the river here.)

Sokuluk (town, northern Kyrgyzstan) : 1937–1957 Kaganovich; to 1937 Russian Novotroits-koye

Solda (village, northern Italy) : to 1918 GermanSuldenßoldQne£ti (town, northeastern Moldova) :

1985–1988 ChernenkoSoldatsky (town, northeastern Uzbekistan) : to

c.1930 Yangi-BazarSoldau see DziaùdowoSoldin see My¢libórzSoledade (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–

1948 IbiapinópolisSoledade see Soledade de MinasSoledade de Minas (town, southeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Ibatuba; to 1944 SoledadeSoledar (town, eastern Ukraine) : 1961–1991

Karlo-Libknekhtivs’k (Russian Karlo-Libknekhtovsk); 1938–1965 imeny Karla

Smigiel 192

Libknekhta (Russian imeni Karla Libknekhta);early 1920s–1938 Rudnyk imeny Karla Lib-knekhta (Russian Rudnik imeni Karla Lib-knekhta); to early 1920s Bryantsivs’kyy Rudnyk(Russian Bryantsovsky Rudnik)

Soletto see SolothurnSoleure see SolothurnSolfach see SolvaSoli see PompeiopolisSoligorsk see SalihorskSol’-Iletsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1945

Iletsk; earlier Iletskaya ZashchitaSolnechnogorsk (city, western Russia) : to 1938

Solnechnogorsky (The city was formed in 1928from the merger of the villages of SolnechnayaGora and Podsolnechnoye.)

Solnechnoye (town, western Russia) : to 1948Finnish Ollila

Solnechny see GornySolntsevo (town, western Russia) : formerly

KorovinoSolonópole (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

CachoeiraSolothurn (town, northwestern Switzerland) :

French Soleure; Italian SolettoSolva (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh Sol-

fachSombak’e see YellowknifeSombor (city, northwestern Serbia) : to 1918,

1941–1944 Hungarian ZomborSomers Islands see BermudaSomersworth (town, New Hampshire, north-

eastern United States) : to 1893 Great FallsSomerville (city, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : originally Cow CommonsSommerfeld see LubskoSomorja see ¶amorinSompallón see El BancoSon see SonskySong Da see Black RiverSongjin see Kimch’aekSongnim (city, southwestern North Korea) :

1910–1945 Kyomip’oSonnenburg see SùoüskSonsky (town, southern Russia) : to 1940 Son1Sopot (town, central Bulgaria) : 1950–1965

Vazovgrad2Sopot (city, northern Poland) : 1772–1945 Ger-

man ZoppotSopron (city, northwestern Hungary) : to 1921

German ÖdenburgSorau see ÕarySord see SwordsSorel (town, Quebec, southeastern Canada) :

1787–1845 William HenrySoroca (city, northern Moldova) : (Russian

Soroki); 1918–1940, 1941–1944 RomanianSoroca; to 1918 Russian Soroki

Sorochinsk (town, southwestern Russia) : toc.1935 Sorochinskoye

Sorochinskoye see SorochinskSoroka see BelomorskSoroki see SorocaSorokino see KrasnodonSorokyne see KrasnodonSorrento (town, southern Italy) : Roman Surren-

tumSorsk (town, southern Russia) : formerly Dzer-

zhinskySortavala (city, northwestern Russia) : to 1918

Serdobol’ (The present name is Finnish.)Sorviodunum see SalisburySosnogorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to

1957 IzhmaSosnove (town, northwestern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Sosnovoye); to 1946 Lyudvypil’ (RussianLyudvipol’)

Sosnovitsy see SosnowiecSosnovo (village, western Russia) : to 1948

Finnish Rautu (The village was transferredfrom Finland to the USSR in 1940 but re-tained its Finnish name until 1948.)

Sosnovoborsk (town, western Russia) : to c.1940Litvino

Sosnovoye see SosnoveSosnowiec (city, southern Poland) : 1940–1945

German Sosnowitz; to 1915 Russian SosnovitsySosnowitz see Sosnowiec¶o§tanj (village, northern Slovenia) : to 1918

German SchönsteinSosva (town, west central Russia) : to 1938

Sosvinsky ZavodSosvinsky Zavod see SosvaSotsgorodok see HirnykSotshorodok see HirnykSoudan see SudanSoufli (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1919 Bul-

garian Soflu; to 1913 Turkish SofuluSouk el Arba de l’Oued Beth (village, north-

western Morocco) : formerly French Camp-Bataille

Souk Eltnine (village, northwestern Morocco) :formerly French Valgravé

Souk Jemaâ Oulad Abbou (village, northwest-ern Morocco) : formerly French Foucauld

Souk Tleta Loulad (village, northwestern Mo-rocco) : formerly French Venet-Ville

Sound, The see ØresundSoure see CaucaiaSour el Ghozlane (town, northern Algeria) : to

c.1962 French AumaleSousse (city, northeastern Tunisia) : [Arabic

193 Sousse

S¨sI]; 6th century Roman Justinianopolis; 5thcentury Roman Hunericopolis, earlier RomanHadrumetum (The modern city should not beconfused with the ancient city of Susa in pres-ent-day Iran.)

South Abington wee WhitmanSouth Africa (republic, southern Africa) : [Afri-

kaans Suid-Afrika] (There are various indige-nous names for South Africa, one of the best-known being Azania. The Dutch form of thename, Zuid-Afrika, gave ZA as the country’sinternational vehicle registration.)

South African Republic see TransvaalSouthampton (town, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1895 SaugeenSouth Bend (city, Indiana, east central United

States) : to 1830 Southold; earlier Big St. JosephStation

South Danvers see PeabodySouth-Eastern see Cross RiverSouthern Ocean see Antarctic OceanSouthern Rhodesia see ZimbabweSouth Floral Park (village, New York, north-

eastern United States) : to 1931 Jamaica SquareSouth Holland (town, Illinois, north central

United States) : to 1870 Dutch De LaagePrairie (The town is now a southern suburb ofChicago.)

South Island (central and southern New Zea-land) : Maori Te Waka a Maui; formerly Mid-dle Island (The Maori name, meaning “thecanoe of Maui,” contrasts with those of NorthIsland and Stewart Island. South Island is stillcolloquially known as “the Middle” for its lo-cation between these two.)

South Lawn see HarveySouth Malden see EverettSouth Northfield see GlenviewSouthold see South BendSouthport see KenoshaSouth Riverside see CoronaSouth Sea see Pacific OceanSouth Shields (town, northeastern England) :

Roman ArbeiaSouth Uist (island, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic Uibhist a’ DeasSouth West Africa see NamibiaSovet (village, southwestern Tajikistan) : for-

merly Kzyl-MazarSovetabad see (1) Ghafurov; (2) Nurobod;

(3) XonobodSovetobod see Ghafurov1Sovetsk (city, western Russia, near Kaliningrad)

: to 1945 German Tilsit2Sovetsk (town, western Russia, near Vyatka) : to

1937 Kukarka

Sovetskaya (village, southwestern Russia) : for-merly Urupskaya

Sovetskaya Gavan’ (city, eastern Russia) : for-merly Imperatorskaya Gavan’

1Sovetskoye (town, western Russia, near Engel’s): to 1941 Mariental

2Sovetskoye (village, western Russia, near Bugu-ruslan) : formerly Mordovskaya Bokla

Sovetskoye see (1) Kashkatau; (2) Ketchenery;(3) Khebda; (4) Zelenokumsk

Sovetsky (town, western Russia) : to 1948 Fin-nish Johannes (The town passed from Finlandto the USSR in 1940 but retained its Finnishname until 1948.)

Sovetsky see Sovyets’kyySoviet Union see RussiaSovyets’kyy (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian

Sovetsky); to 1950 Ichki-GrammatikovoSozopol (city, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878 Turkish

Sizebolu; ancient Greek Apollonia (There weremany ancient cities of the Greek name, thechief being in Illyria, where it was Caesar’sheadquarters during his assualt on Dyrrha-cium, now Dürres.)

Spaccaforno see IspicaSpain (kingdom, southwestern Europe) : [Span-

ish España]; Roman Hispania; alternateRoman Iberia (The alternate Roman namesurvives in the name of the peninsula occupiedby modern Spain and Portugal.)

Spalato see SplitSpalatum see SplitSpanish Guinea see Equatorial GuineaSpanish Netherlands see BelgiumSpanish Sahara see Western SaharaSparnacum see ÉpernaySparta (historic city, southern Greece) : alternate

LacedaemonSpas see 3PervomayskySpassk see (1) Bednodem’yanovsk; (2) Bolgar;

(3) Spassk-Dal’ny; (4) Spassk-RyazanskySpassk-Dal’ny (city, southeastern Russia) : to

c.1930 SpasskSpassk-Ryazansky (town, western Russia) : to

1929 SpasskSpassk-Tatarsky see BolgarSpeen (village, southern England) : Roman Spi-

nis (The Roman settlement here was probablymore exactly at Woodspeen, just west ofSpeen, itself now a suburb of Newbury.)

Spence Bay see TaloyoakSpeyer (city, southwestern Germany) : formerly

English Spires; Roman Augusta Nemetum; ear-lier Roman Noviomagus

Spinis see SpeenSpirding see ¡niardwy

South Abington 194

Spires see SpeyerSpirit River see RycroftSpi§ská Nová Ves (city, east central Slovakia) : to

1918 Hungarian Igló; to 1867 German Zipser-Neudorf

Spi§ska Stara Ves (town, northern Slovakia) : to1918 Hungarian Szepesófalu; to 1867 GermanAltendorf

Spi§ské Podhradie (town, east central Slovakia) :to 1918 Hungarian Szepesváralja; to 1867 Ger-man Kirchdrauf

Spitak (town, northwestern Armenia) : to 1948Amamlu

Spitsevka (village, southwestern Russia) : toc.1940 Spitsevskoye

Spitsevskoye see SpitsevkaSplit (city, western Croatia) : to 1918, 1941–1943

Italian Spalato; Roman SpalatumSpokane (city, Washington, northwestern

United States) : originally Spokane FallsSpokane Falls see SpokaneSpokojna Góra see MirskSpoletium see SpoletoSpoleto (town, central Italy) : Roman SpoletiumSprings of Palomas see Truth or Conse-

quencesSprottau see SzprotawaSquillace (village, southern Italy) : ancient Greek

ScylaciumSrbija see SerbiaSrbobran (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918,

1941–1944 Hungarian SzenttamásSrebrna Góra (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German SilberbergSredets (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : 1950–

1989 Grudovo; 1934–1950 Sredets; to 1934Turkish Karabunar

Sredets see SofiaSrednekrayushkino see 3Pervomayskoye¡rem (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815–

1919, 1939–1945 German SchrimmSremska Mitrovica (town, western Serbia) : to

1867 German Mitrowitz; Roman Sirmium(The first word of the name distinguishes thetown from Kosovska Mitrovica in Kosovo.)

Sremski Karlovci (town, north central Serbia) :to 1867 German Karlowitz

Srikakulam (town, southeastern India) : for-merly Chicacole

Sri Lanka (island republic, northern IndianOcean) : to 1972 Ceylon; formerly literarySerendip; Roman Taprobane (Serendip, whichgave English serendipity, is an Arabic corrup-tion of a Sanskrit name.)¡roda ¡lRska (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Neumarkt

¡roda Wielkopolska (town, west central Poland): 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 GermanSchroda

Srpski Itebej see ItebejStaaten Landt see New ZealandStabiae see Castellammare di StabiaStablo see StavelotStabroek see 1GeorgetownStacy’s Corners see Glen EllynStadtroda (town, west central Germany) : to

1925 Roda (In the year stated German Stadt,“town,” was added to the name of the river onwhich the town stands.)

Stahlheim see AmnévilleStaines (town, southeastern England) : Roman

Pontibus (The Roman name means “[at] thebridges.” Staines arose by a crossing of theThames River.)

Stakhanov (city, eastern Ukraine) : 1943–1978Kadiyivka (Russian Kadiyevka); 1937–1943Sergo; to 1937 Kadiyivka (Russian Kadiyevka)

Stakhanovo see ZhukovskyStalin see (1) Bra£ov; (2) VarnaStalina, imeni see ShahrihonStalinabad see DushanbeStalindorf see 3ZhovtneveStalingrad see VolgogradStaliniri see Ts’khinvaliStalinka see Chervonozavods’keStalino see (1) Donets’k; (2) ShahrihonStalinogorsk see NovomoskovskStalinogród see KatowiceStalin Peak see (1) Gerlachovskï Peak;

(2) Ismoili Somoni, Peak; (3) MusalaStalinsk see NovokuznetskStalins’ke see 3ZhovtneveStalinskoye see 3ZhovtneveStalinsky see Bol’shevoStallupönen see NesterovStamboliyski (town, southern Bulgaria) : 1969–

1979 Novi Kritsim; 1964–1969 Kritsim; 1926–1964 Gára Kritsim; to 1926 Polatovo (Bulgariangára means “railroad station.”)

Stamboul see IstanbulStamora Moravi´a (village, western Romania) :

to 1918 Hungarian TemesmóraStampae see ÉtampesStanbridge Falls see BedfordStanhope (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1815 Andover ForgeStanichno-Luganskoye see Stanychno-Luhan-

s’keStanimaka see AsenovgradStanislau see Ivano-Frankivs’kStanislav see Ivano-Frankivs’kStanislaviv see Ivano-Frankivs’k

195 Stanislaviv

Stanislavovo see RasonyStanisùawów see Ivano-Frankivs’kStanitsa Luganskaya see Stanychno-Luhans’ke¶tanjel na Krasu (village, western Slovenia) : to

1947 Italian San Daniele del CarsoStanke Dimitrov see DupnitsaStanley see 2NelsonStanley Falls see Boyoma FallsStanley Pool see Malebo PoolStanleyville see (1) Kisangani; (2) OrientaleStann Creek see DangrigaStanovoye (village, western Russia) : formerly

PloskoyeStantsiya-Regar see TursunzadeStanwix (village, northwestern England) :

Roman Uxelodunum (Stanwix is now a districtof Carlisle.)

Stanychno-Luhans’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) :(Russian Stanichno-Luganskoye); 1935–1938Kosyorove (Russian Kosiorovo); earlier StanytsyaLuhans’ka (Russian Stanitsa Luganskaya); origi-nally Luhans’k (Russian Lugansk).

Stanytsya-Luhans’ka see Stanychno-Luhan-s’ke

Staoinebrig see StoneybridgeStará Dala see HurbanovoStará L’ubovûa (town, northern Slovakia) : to

1918 Hungarian Ólubló; to 1867 German Alt-lublau

Stara Pazova (town, northern Serbia) : to 1918,1941–1944 Hungarian Ópazova

Stara Planina see Balkan MountainsStaraya Barda see 2KrasnogorskoyeStara Zagora (city, central Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish Eskizagra; Roman Augusta TrajanaStarbuck Island (eastern Kiribati) : formerly Vol-

unteer IslandStargard in Pommern see Stargard SzczeciüskiStargard Szczeciüski (city, northwestern Poland)

: to 1945 German Stargard in PommernStari BeVej see BeVejStaritsy see KirawskStarkenbach see JilemniceStarodubskoye (village, eastern Russia) :

1905–1945 Japanese SakaehamaStarogard Gdaüski (town, northern Poland) :

1772–1919, 1939–1945 German Preussisch-Star-gard

Starokonstantinov see StarokostyantynivStarokostyantyniv (city, west central Ukraine) :

(Russian Starokonstantinov); to 1918 RussianStarokonstantinov

Staromar’yevka (village, southwestern Russia) :to c.1940 Staromar’yevskoye

Staromar’yevskoye see Staromar’yevkaStaromlinovka see Staromlynivka

Staromlynivka (village, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Staromlinovka); to 1946 Staryy Kermenchyk(Russian Stary Kermenchik)

Staropyshminsk (town, west central Russia) : to1943 Pyshminsky Zavod

Staroutkinsk (town, west central Russia) : to1933 Utkinsky Zavod

Stary Dashev see DashivStary Kermenchik see StaromlynivkaStary SRcz (town, southern Poland) : 18th–19th

century, 1940–1945 German AltsandezStary Salavan see NovocheremshanskStary Sambor see Staryy SambirStary Smokovec (town, northern Slovakia) : to

1918 Hungarian Tátrafüred; to 1867 GermanAltschmecks (The town was formed from theseparate villages of Dolnï Smokovec, Hornï

Smokovec, and Starï Smokovec, respectivelyLower, Upper, and Old Smokovec.)

Staryy Dashiv see DashivStaryy Kermenchyk see StaromlynivkaStaryy Sambir (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Stary Sambor); to 1939 Polish Stary Sam-bor

State Line see HammondStaten Island (borough, New York, northeastern

United States) : to 1975 Richmond (The formername of the New York City borough is stillcurrent for the county with which Staten Is-land is coextensive.)

Statesville (city, North Carolina, eastern UnitedStates) : to 1789 Fourth Creek

Stavelot (town, eastern Belgium) : Flemish Sta-blo

Stavropol’ (city, southwestern Russia) : 1935–1943 Voroshilovsk

Stavropol’ see Tol’yattiStavropol’ Kray (region, southwestern Russia) :

1937–1943 Ordzhonikidze KrayStdbark (village, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German Tannenberg (The German name is as-sociated with two battles. The first, betweenthis village and Grünfelde or Grünwald, afterwhich it is also named, was a Polish-Lithuan-ian victory in 1410 over the Teutonic Knights.The second led to a German victory over theRussians in 1914.)

Stefanie, Lake see Ch’ew Bahirßtefan VodQ (village, eastern Moldova) : (Rus-

sian Shtefan Vode); formerly Suvorovo; earlierBiruintsa

Stegman see Artesiaßtei (town, western Romania) : formerly Doctor

Petru GrozaSteiermark (state, central and southeastern Aus-

tria) : English conventional Styria

Stanislavovo 196

Stein see KamnikSteinamanger see SzombathelySteinau an der Oder see ¡cinawaSteinbrück see Zidani MostSteinschönau see Kamenickï ¶enovSteitztown see 2LebanonStellarton (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) :

to 1889 Albion MinesSteornabhagh see StornowayStepanakert see XankändiStepanavan (town, northern Armenia) : to 1924

Dzhalal-oglyStepantsminda see QazbegiStephenson see Rock IslandStepnogorsk see Stepnohirs’kStepnohirs’k (town, southeastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Stepnogorsk); to 1987 Sukhoivanivs’ke(Russian Sukhoivanovskoye)

Stepnoy see ElistaStepnoye (town, southwestern Russia) : formerly

Otrogovo (This Stepnoye should not be con-fused with the more southerly town of thesame name east of Georgiyevsk.)

Steptoeville see Walla WallaSterling see St. ThomasSternberg see ¶ternberk¶ternberk (town, eastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German SternbergSterzing see VipitenoStettin see SzczecinStettler (town, Alberta, west central Canada) : to

1906 BlumenauStewart Island (southern New Zealand) : Maori

Rakiura; earlier Maori Te Punga a Maui. (Theearlier Maori name, meaning “the anchor ofMaui,” contrasts with those of North Islandand South Island.)

Stidia (village, northwestern Algeria) : to c.1962French Georges Clemenceau

Stillwater see Orono¶tip (town, east central Macedonia) : to 1913

Turkish j£tip; ancient Greek AntibosStockmannshof see PlavinasStockton (city, California, western United

States) : to 1850 TuleburgStolp see SùupskStoùpce see StowbtsyStolpmünde see UstkaStolptsy see StowbtsyStonefort (village, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1934 BoltonStoneybridge (village, Western Isles, northwest-

ern Scotland) : Gaelic StaoinebrigStoney Creek see MelfortStony Brook see PrincetonStony Hill see Ludlow

Storms, Cape of see Good Hope, Cape ofStornoway (town, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic SteornabhaghStorojine´ see Storozhynets’Storozhinets see Storozhynets’Storozhynets’ (town, western Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Storozhinets); 1919–1940 Romanian Storo-jine´; to 1918 German Storozynetz

Storozynetz see Storozhynets’Stowbtsy (town, west central Belarus) : (Russian

Stolptsy); 1919–1939 Polish Stoùpce; to 1918 Rus-sian Stolptsy

Strabane (town, northwestern Northern Ireland): Irish An Srath Bán

Stradbally (town, east central Ireland) : Irish AnSráidbhaile

Strait of Dover see Dover, Strait ofStrakonice (town, southwestern Czech Republic)

: to 1918, 1939–1945 German StrakonitzStrakonitz see StrakoniceStralsund (city, northeastern Germany) : 1648–

1815 Swedish StrålsundStrålsund see StralsundStrasbourg (city, northeastern France) : formerly

English Strasburg; 1871–1919, 1940–1944 Ger-man Strassburg; Roman Argentoratum

Strasburg see StrasbourgStrasburg in Westpreussen see BrodnicaStrassburg see StrasbourgStrass-Somerein see HegyeshalomStratfield see Bridgeport1Stratford (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1835 Little Thames2Stratford (town, northwestern New Zealand) :

formerly Stratford-on-PateaStratford-on-Patea see 2StratfordStratonicea see EskihisarStrato’s Tower see CaesareaStrawbery Banke see 2Portsmouth¶trba (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-

garian CsorbaStreator (town, Illinois, north central United

States) : to 1872 Unionville; originally Hard-scrabble

Strehlen see StrzelinSt†ekov (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German Schreckenstein(The town is now a district of Ústí nadLabem.)

Strelno see StrzelnoSt†íbro (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German MiessStriegau see StrzegomStrigonium see EsztergomStrokestown (village, north central Ireland) :

Irish Béal na mBuillí

197 Strokestown

Stromboli (island, Lipari Islands, Italy) : ancientGreek Strongyle

Strongoli (village, southern Italy) : Roman PeteliaStrongyle see StromboliStronie ¡lRskie (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German SeitenbergStropkov (town, northeastern Slovakia) : to 1918

SztropkóStrumica (town, southeastern Macedonia) : to

1913 Turkish jstrumcaStry see StryyStryj see StryyStryy (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Stry);

to 1939 Polish StryjStrzegom (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German StriegauStrzelce (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man Gross-StrehlitzStrzelce Krajeüskie (town, western Poland) : to

1945 German FriedebergStrzelin (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German StrehlenStrzelno (town, central Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German StrelnoStuart see Alice Springs¶tubnianske Teplice see TurVianske TepliceStuchka see AizkraukleStuhlweissenburg see SzékesfehérvárStuhm see SztumStupino (city, western Russia) : c.1935–1938

Elektrovoz¶túrovo (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918,

1938–1945 Hungarian PárkányStutthof see SztutowoStyria see SteiermarkSubiaco (town, central Italy) : Roman Subla-

queumSublaqueum see SubiacoSubotica (city, northern Serbia) : to 1918, 1941–

1944 Hungarian Szabadka; to 1867 GermanMaria-Theresiopel

Suceava (city, northeastern Romania) : to 1918German Suczawa (The German name adoptedits Polish form.)

Sucha Góra Orawska see Suchá HoraSuchá Hora (town, northern Slovakia) : 1920–

1924, 1938–1939 Polish Sucha Góra Orawska;to 1918 Hungarian Szuchahora

Suchan (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Zachan

Suchan see PartizanskSuchansky Rudnik see PartizanskSucre (city, south central Bolivia) : to 1840

Chuquisaca; originally La PlataSudan (republic, northeastern Africa) : [Arabic

As S¨dIn]; formerly English Soudan; to 1956

officially Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (The Englishname, from the French, also applied to themuch larger Sudan that extended across Africafrom the west coast to the mountains ofEthiopia.)

Sudanese Republic see MaliSudauen see SuwaùkiSudest Island see TagulaSudostroy see SeverodvinskSudova Vyshnya (town, western Ukraine) :

(Russian Sudovaya Vyshnya); to 1939 PolishSRdowa Wisznia

Sudovaya Vyshnya see Sudova VyshnyaSuessa Aurunca see Sessa AuruncaSuessionae see SoissonsSuessula see CancelloSuez (city, northeastern Egypt) : [Arabic As

Suways]Sufetula see SbeïtlaSuffolk (city, Virginia, eastern United States) : to

1742 Constant’s WarehouseSufikishlak see AkhunbabayevSug-Aksy (village, southern Russia) : formerly

Sut-Khol’ßuhut (village, west central Turkey) : ancient

Greek SynnadaSuid-Afrika see South AfricaSuisse see SwitzerlandSukarnapura see JayapuraSukarno, Mt. see Jaya, Mt.Sukhoivanivs’ke see Stepnohirs’kSukhoivanovskoye see Stepnohirs’kSukhum see SokhumiSukhumi see SokhumiSukhum-Kale see SokhumiSukkertoppen see ManiitsoqSulawesi (island, eastern Indonesia) : to 1945

Celebes (The earlier name remains current forthe Celebes Sea, between Sulawesi and thePhilippines.)

Sulden see SoldaSulechów (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man ZüllichauSuldcin (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man ZielenzigSulików (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German SchönbergSulimov see CherkesskSulin see Krasny SulinSully (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Sili (The

village is now a suburb of Barry.)Sultanabad see ArIkSumba (island, southern Indonesia) : formerly

Sandalwood IslandSumbe (town, western Angola) : 1975–1981

Ngunza; to 1975 Novo Redondo

Stromboli 198

Summerside (town, Prince Edward Island, east-ern Canada) : originally Green’s Shore

¶umperk (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,1938–1945 German Mährisch-Schönberg

Sumter (city, South Carolina, southeasternUnited States) : to 1856 Sumterville

Sumterville see SumterSunbury see 2BangorSunderland (village, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1868 BrockSunnyvale (city, California, western United

States) : to 1912 Encinal; originally Murphy’sStation

Suomenlinna (island fortress, southern Finland): to 1809 Swedish Sveaborg

Suomi see FinlandSur (town, southern Lebanon) : biblical Tyre

(This name, representing Arabic ®¨r, shouldnot be confused with that of Sur, also Arabic®¨r, eastern Oman.)®¨r see SurSurendranagar (town, western India) : to c.1950

WadhwanSurinam (republic, northeastern South America)

: to 1975 Dutch GuianaS¨rnyah see SyriaSurrentum see SorrentoSursk (town, western Russia) : to 1955 Nikol’sky

KhutorSurskoye (town, west central Russia) : to c.1930

PromzinoSusa (ancient city, southwestern Iran) : biblical

ShushanS¨sI see SousseSu§ak (town, western Croatia) : 1941–1943 Ital-

ian Borgonovo; to 1918 Hungarian Port Báros(From 1934 to 1941 Su§ak was a separate portbelonging to Yugoslavia, the main port beingthat of the Italian city of Fiume, now Rijeka,with which it reunited in 1947.)

Susanino (town, western Russia) : to 1938 Mol-vitino

Suschitz see Su§iceSusiana see KhuzestanSu§ice (town, southwestern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German SuschitzSusz (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man RosenbergSut-Khol’ see Sug-AksSuvalki see SuwaùkiSuvorove (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian

Suvorovo); 1941–1944 Romanian Regele MihaiI; c.1930–1940 Romanian Regele Carol II; toc.1930 Ukrainian Shykyrlykytay (RussianShikirlikitai; Romanian Sichirlichitai) (Thetown was founded in 1815 by Bulgarian settlers

from the future Romania, and the names withRomanian regele, “king,” are of Romaniankings.)

Suvorovo (town, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1950 Nov-gradets; earlier Kozludzha

Suvorovo see (1) ßtefan VodQ; (2) SuvoroveSuwaùki (city, northeastern Poland) : 1940–1945

German Sudauen; to 1918 Russian SuvalkiSuyetikha see BiryusinskSvalava see SvalyavaSvalyava (town, western Ukraine) : 1944–1945

Czech Svalava; 1939–1944 Hungarian Szolyva;1919–1939 Czech Svalava; to 1918 HungarianSzolyva

Svatove (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian Sva-tovo); 1825–1923 Novokaterynoslav (RussianNovoyekaterinoslav); earlier Svatova Luchka

Svatovo see SvatoveSveaborg see Suomenlinna¶venVioncliai (town, eastern Lithuania) : (Rus-

sian Shvenchyonelyay); 1919–1939 Polish Nowe¡widciany

¶venVionys (town, eastern Lithuania) : (RussianShvenchyonis); 1919–1938 Polish ¡widciany; to1918 Russian Sventsyany

Sventsyany see ¶venVionysSverdlova, imeni see Sverdlovs’kSverdlova, imeny see Sverdlovs’kSverdlovo (village, southwestern Russia) : to 1941

Ney-Val’ter (The earlier name of the village, inthe former Volga German Autonomous SovietSocialist Republic, is a Russian transliterationof German Neu-Walter.)

Sverdlovo see SverdlovskySverdlovsk see (1) Sverdlovs’k; (2) Yekaterin-

burgSverdlovs’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Sverdlovsk); 1930s–1938 imeny Sverdlova (Rus-sian imeni Sverdlova); earlier Sharapkyne (Rus-sian Sharapkino); originally Dovzhykove-Orlovs’ke (Russian Dolzhikovo-Orlovskoye)

Sverdlovsky (town, western Russia) : to 1928Sverdlovo

Sverdlovsky Priisk see IsSverige see SwedenSveta Anastasiya (island, southeastern Bulgaria) :

formerly BolshevikSveti Djordje see NegotinSveti Konstantin (village, eastern Bulgaria) : for-

merly DruzhbaSveti Vrach see SandanskiSvetlogorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945

German RauschenSvetlogorsk see SvyetlahorskSvetlograd (town, southwestern Russia) : to 1965

Petrovskoye

199 Svetlograd

Svetlovodsk see Svitlovods’kSvetloye see SvetlySvetly (town, western Russia) : 1945–1955 Svet-

loye; to 1945 German KobbelbudeSvetogorsk (town, northwestern Russia) : 1918–

1948 Finnish Enso (The town passed from Fin-land to the USSR in 1940 but retained its Fin-nish name until 1948.)

Svetozarevo see JagodinaSvidník (town, northeastern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian SzvidnikSvilengrad (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to

1913 Turkish Mustafapa£aSvishtov (town, northern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish Zi£tovSvitavy (town, east central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German ZwittauSvitlovods’k (city, east central Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Svetlovodsk); 1962–1969 Kremhes (RussianKremges); 1961–1962 Khrushchov (RussianKhrushchyov); formerly Novoheorhiyivs’ke (Rus-sian Novogeorgiyevsk) (The town was floodedby the Kremenchug reservoir from 1954 to1960 and its residents moved to a new site nearthe dam. Hence the name Kremhes, an abbre-viation meaning “Kremenchug hydroelectricpower plant.”)

Svizzera see SwitzerlandSvoboda (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man JanichenSvoboda see LiskiSvobodny (city, southeastern Russia) : to 1924

AlekseyevskSvrVinovec (town, northwestern Slovakia) :

1938–1939 Polish ¡wierczynowiecSvyatogorovsky Rudnik see DobropillyaSvyatoy Krest see BudyonnovskSvyetlahorsk (town, southeastern Belarus) :

(Russian Svetlogorsk); to 1961 ShatilkiSwabia (region, southwestern Germany) : [Ger-

man Schwaben]Swansea (city, southern Wales) : Welsh AbertaweSwaziland (kingdom, southeastern Africa) : lo-

cally KaNgwane (The local name was that ofa South African bantustan or “homeland”for Swazi people that existed from 1977 to1994.)

Sweden (kingdom, northwestern Europe) :[Swedish Sverige]

Sweetsburg (village, Quebec, southeasternCanada) : formerly Churchville (The villagewas annexed to Cowansville in 1964.)¡widnica (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Schweidnitz¡widwin (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Schivelbein

¡wiebodzice (town, southwestern Poland) : to1945 German Freiburg in Schlesien¡wiebodzin (town, western Poland) : to 1945

German Schwiebus¡widciany see ¶venVionys¡wiecie (town, north central Poland) :

1772–1919, 1939–1945 German Schwetz¡wieradów Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) :

to 1945 German Bad Flinsberg¡wierczynowiec see SvrVinovec¡wierzawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German SchönauSwindon (administrative district, southern En-

gland) : to 1997 Thamesdown (The presentunitary authority was created from the formerdistrict council of the town of Swindon.)

Swinemünde see ¡winouj¢cieSwinford (town, western Ireland) : Irish Béal

Átha na Muice¡winouj¢cie (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German SwinemündeSwitzerland (republic, west central Europe) :

[French Suisse; German Schweiz; ItalianSvizzera]; Roman Helvetia

Swords (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish SordSybaris see SibariSyców (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German Gross-WartenbergSydenham see Owen SoundSydenham Island see NonoutiSydney (city, New South Wales, southeastern

Australia) : earlier Sydney Cove; originally PortJackson (The original name remains for the seainlet now usually known as Sydney Harbour,which the city surrounds, while Sydney Cove,as part of the harbor, still exists under thename Circular Quay.)

Sydney Cove see SydneySydney Island see ManraSyedove (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Sedovo); 1938–1955 imeny H.Ya. Syedova (Rus-sian imeni G.Ya. Sedova); to 1938 Kryva Kosa(Russian Krivaya Kosa)

Syene see AswanSyevernyy Rudnyk see KiroveSyeverodonets’k (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Severodonetsk); to 1958 Russian Leskhim-stroy

Syktyvkar (city, western Russia) : to 1930 Ust’-Sysol’sk

Symnes Landing see 1AylmerSynel’nykove (city, east central Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Sinel’nikovo); mid–1930s imeny TovaryshaKatayevycha (Russian imeni TovarishchaKhatayevicha)

Synnada see ßuhut

Svetlovodsk 200

Syn’ovyds’ko-Vyzhnye see VerkhnyeSyn’ovydne

Synowódsko-Wy∞nie see VerkhnyeSyn’ovydne

Syracusae see SyracuseSyracuse (city, southern Italy) : [Italian Siracusa];

Roman Syracusae (The English name of thecity stems from its fame as a Greek colony andits mention in the Bible as the port where Paulstayed three days during his journey to Rome.)

Syrdar’insky see SirdaryoSyrdar’ya (river, southern Kazakhstan) : ancient

Greek JaxartesSyrdar’ya see SirdaryoSyria (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic

S¨rnyah; alternate Arabic Ash ShIm] (The al-ternate Arabic name is the same as that forDamascus.)

Syria Palaestina see PalestineSyrnovorossiysk see SirdaryoSyuginsky see MozhgaSyvas’ke (town, southern Ukraine) : (Russian

Sivashskoye); to 1935 Rizdvyans’ke (RussianRozhdestvenskoye)

Szabadka see SuboticaSzakolca see SkalicaSzamosújvár see GherlaSzamotuùy (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German SamterSzászsebes see Sebe£Szászrégen see ReghinSzatmárnémeti see Satu MareSzczawno Zdrój (town, southwestern Poland) :

to 1945 German Bad SalzbrunnSzczecin (city, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German StettinSzczecinek (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German NeustettinSzczuczyn (town, northeastern Poland) :

1939–1941 Belarussian Shchuchyn; to 1918 Rus-sian Shchuchin

Szczuczyn Nowogródski see ShchuchynSzczytna (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German RückersSzczytno (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German OrtelsburgSzeged (city, southern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-

man SzegedinSzegedin see SzegedSzékelyudvarhely see Odorheiu SecuiescSzékesfehérvár (city, west central Hungary) : to

1867 German Stuhlweissenburg; Medieval LatinAlba Regalis

Szenic see SenicaSzentgotthárd (town, western Hungary) : to

1867 German Sankt Gotthard

Szenttamás see SrbobranSzepesófalu see Spi§ska Stara VesSzepesváralja see Spi§ské PodhradieSzepsi see Moldava nad BodvouSzilasbalhás see MezâszilasSzinna see SninaSzklarska Pordba (town, southwestern Poland) :

to 1945 German Schreiberhau (The hamlets ofSzklarska Pordba Górna, Szklarska PordbaDolna, and Szklarska Pordba ¡rednia had theGerman names Ober-Schreiberhau, Nieder-Schreiberhau, and Mittel-Schreiberhau, respec-tively Upper, Lower, and Middle, but nearbySzklarska Pordba Huta, “Factory,” was Josephi-nenhütte.)

Szlichtyngowa (town, western Poland) : to 1945German Schlichtingsheim

Szobránce see SobranceSzolyva see SvalyavaSzombathely (city, western Hungary) : to 1867

German Steinamanger; Roman SabariaSzâny (village, northern Hungary) : Roman

BrigetioSzprotawa (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German SprottauSztálinváros see DunaújvárosSztropkó see StropkovSztum (town, northern Poland) : 1793–1945

German StuhmSztutowo (village, northern Poland) : 1793–1945

German StutthofSzubin (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German SchubinSzuchahora see Suchá HoraSzumbark ¡lRski see Haví†ovSzvidnik see SvidníkTaal, Lake (north central Philippines) : formerly

Lake BombonTabaiana see ItabaianaTable Cape see WynyardTabor see TáborTábor (city, south central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German TaborTabuaeran (island, northeastern Kiribati) : to

1979 Fanning IslandTacape see GabèsTacarigua see Valencia, LakeTachov (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German TachowTachow see TachovTacoma (city, Washington, northwestern United

States) : originally Commencement CityTacoma, Mt. see Rainier, Mt.T’aVovo see TyachivTacuarembó (city, north central Uruguay) : for-

merly Spanish San Fructuoso

201 Tacuarembó

Tacurupucú see HernandariasTadcaster (town, northern England) : Roman

CalcariaTadmor see PalmyraTadmur (city, south central Syria) : ancient

Greek and Roman Palmyra; biblical Tadmor(The Greek name is thought to have evolvedfrom the biblical one.)

Taehan see KoreaTafahi (island, northern Tonga) : formerly

Boscawen IslandTaff ’s Well (village, southern Wales) : Welsh

Ffynnon TafTagdempt see TiaretTagula (island, southeastern Papua New Guinea)

: formerly Sudest IslandTagus (river, central Spain and Portugal) : [Span-

ish Tajo; Portuguese Tejo] (English speakersgenerally know the river by its Roman name.)

Taiei see Ugol’nyTaihape (town, north central New Zealand) :

formerly Otaihape (The name dropped theoriginal Maori prefix o meaning “place of.”)

Taihei see UdarnyTairbeart see TarbertTaiwan (island state, western Pacific) : formerly

Portuguese FormosaTajikabad see TojikobodTaiyuan (city, northeastern China) : formerly

YangkuTajo see TagusTak (town, western Thailand) : locally RahaengTakhtamukay (village, southwestern Russia) :

formerly Oktyabr’sky; to 1938 KhakurateTalacharn see LaugharneTalas (city, northwestern Kyrgyzstan) : to 1937

Russian DmitriyevskoyeTalavera de la Reina (city, central Spain) :

Roman CaesarobrigaTaldom (town, western Russia) : 1921–1929

LeninskTaldykorgan (city, southeastern Kazakhstan) :

(Russian Taldy-Kurgan); to 1920 GavrilovkaTaldy-Kurgan see TaldykorganTalin (town, western Armenia) : to 1978 Verin-

TalinTalitsa (town, west central Russia) : to c.1928

Talitsky ZavodTalitsky Zavod see TalitsaTälje see SödertäljeTalley (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

TalyllychauTallin see TallinnTallinn (city, northern Estonia) : (Russian

Tallin); 1941–1944 German Reval; to 1918 Rus-sian Revel’

Taloyoak (village, Nunavut, northern Canada) :to 1999 Spence Bay

Talpetate see San Antonio de CortésTalsen see TalsiTalsi (town, northwestern Latvia) : to 1918 Ger-

man TalsenTalybont-on-Usk (village, east central Wales) :

Welsh Tal-y-Bont ar Wysg (The additions tothe name were made in c.1960 to distinguishthis Tal-y-Bont from the many others.)

Talyllychau see TalleyTamalameque see El BancoTaman Negara National Park (northwestern

Malaysia) : to 1957 King George V NationalPark

Tamanrasset (town, southern Algeria) : to c.1962French Fort-Laperrine

Tamar (river, southwestern England) : RomanTamarus (The modern and Roman names ofthe river are directly related to those of the1Thames.)

Tamarus see TamarTamatave see ToamasinaTamesis see 1ThamesTamil Nadu (state, southeastern India) : to 1969

MadrasTamise see TemseTammerfors see TampereTampere (city, southwestern Finland) : to 1809

Swedish TammerforsTanais see (1) Don; (2) NedvigovkaTananarive see AntananarivoTanatis see Thanet, Isle ofTangar see HuangyuanTangará (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944 Rio

BonitoTangier (city, northern Morocco) : formerly (and

still alternate) English Tangiers; Roman TingisTangiers see TangierTanis (ancient city, northern Egypt) : biblical

ZoanTannenberg see StdbarkTanner’s Crossing see MinnedosaTannu-Tuva see TyvaTaobh Tuath see NorthtonTaormina (town, southern Italy) : Roman Tau-

romeniumTapajós see 2SantarémTaperoá (town, northeastern Brazil) : 1944–1948

Portuguese BatalhãoTapiau see GvardeyskTapolyvarannó see Vranov nad Topl’ouTaprobane see Sri LankaTaquari see TaquaritubaTaquarituba (town, southeastern Brazil) : to

1944 Taquari

Tacurupucú 202

©arIbulus al-Gharb see 2Tripoli©arIbulus ash-ShIm see 1TripoliTaranaki see Egmont, Mt.Taranovskoye (town, northern Kazakhstan) :

formerly ViktorovkaTaranto (city, southern Italy) : Roman TarentumTarauacá (town, western Brazil) : to 1944 SeabraTaraz (city, southeastern Kazakhstan) : 1991–1997

Zhambyl; 1938–1991 Russian Dzhambul; 1936–1938 Mirzoyan; 1856–1936 Aulie-Ata

Tarbert (village, Western Isles, northwesternScotland) : Gaelic Tairbeart

Tarentum see TarantoTarfaya (town, southwestern Morocco) : 1950–

1958 Villa Bens or Cabo Yubi; earlier Port Vic-toria

Târgu Mure£ (city, north central Romania) : to1918, 1940–1944 Hungarian Marosvásárhely

Tarifa (town, southern Spain) : Roman JuliaJoza; alternate Roman Julia Traducta

Tarija (city, southern Bolivia) : originally SanBernardo de la Frontera de Tarija

Tarmilate see OulmèsTârnQveni (town, central Romania) : to 1930

Diciosânmartin (The earlier name transliteratesHungarian Dicsâszentmárton, “St. Martin theGlorious,” meaning Martin of Tours, born inHungary.)

Tarnopil’ see Ternopil’Tarnopol see Ternopil’Tarnopol’ see Ternopil’TQrnovo see Veliko TQrnovoTarnow see TarnówTarnów (city, southern Poland) : 1940–1945 Ger-

man TarnowTarnowitz see Tarnowskie GóryTarnowskie Góry (town, southern Poland) : to

1921, 1939–1945 German TarnowitzTarquinia (town, central Italy) : to 1922 Corneto;

Roman Tarquinii (The town’s present name isa deliberate revival of the Roman one.)

Tarquinii see TarquiniaTarracina see TerracinaTarraco see TarragonaTarragona (city, northeastern Spain) : Roman

TarracoTarrant see ArunTarta (town, western Turkmenistan) : formerly

KianlyTärtär (town, central Azerbaijan) : formerly Mir-

Bashir; to 1949 TerterTartu (city, eastern Estonia) : 1893–1918 Russian

Yur’yev; 1224–1893 German Dorpat; 1030–1224 Russian Yur’yev

Tarvedunum see Dunnet HeadTarvis see Tarvisio

Tarvisio (town, northeastern Italy) : to 1918 Ger-man Tarvis

Tarvisium see TrevisoTashauz see Da£oguzTashino see PervomayskTashir (town, northwestern Armenia) : formerly

Kalinino; to 1935 VorontsovkaTashkent (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : [Uzbek

Toshkent]Tasiujaq (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) : for-

merly Leaf BayTa£lica see PljevljaTasmania (island state, southeastern Australia) :

to 1856 Van Diemen’s LandTata (town, northern Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-

man TotisTatarpazarcik see PazardzhikTatar-Pazardzhik see PazardzhikTátrafüred see Stary SmokovecTátra-Lomnic see Tatranská LomnicaTatra-Lomnitz see Tatranská LomnicaTatranská Lomnica (village, northern Slovakia) :

to 1918 Hungarian Tátra-Lomnic; to 1867 Ger-man Tatra-Lomnitz

Tatsienlu see KangdingTauragc (town, western Lithuania) : to 1918 Rus-

sian Tavrogi; to 1793 German TauroggenTaurasia see TurinTaurida see CrimeaTauroggen see TauragcTauromenium see TaorminaTaus see Doma±liceTavastehus see HämeenlinnaTavau see DavosTavrida see CrimeaTavrogi see TauragcTavus see TayTay (river, central Scotland) : Roman TavusTayabas see QuezonTayncha see TayynshaTayynsha (town, northern Kazakhstan) : (Rus-

sian Tayncha); formerly Russian KrasnoarmeyskTaza-Bazar see ShumanayTaza-Kala see GubadagTazoult-Lambèse (town, northeastern Algeria) :

Roman LambaesisTazovskoye see TazovskyTazovsky (town, northern Russia) : formerly

Tazovskoye; earlier Khal’mer-SedeT’bilisi (city, east central Georgia) : to 1936 TiflisTbilisskaya (village, southwestern Russia) : to

1936 TiflisskayaTchikala-Tcholohanga (town, central Angola) :

formerly Portuguese Vila NovaTczew (town, north central Poland) : 1772–1919,

1949–1945 German Dirschau

203 Tczew

Teano (town, southern Italy) : Roman TeanumSidicinum

Teanum Apulum see San Paolo di CivitateTeanum Sidicinum see TeanoTeate see ChietiTébessa (town, eastern Algeria) : Roman ThevesteTecsâ see TyachivTeesville see WaynesboroTeet’lit Zhen see Fort McPhersonTeggiano (town, southern Italy) : Roman Tegia-

numTegianum see TeggianoTegucigalpa see Francisco MorazánTeheran see TehranTehran (city, northern Iran) : alternate TeheranTe Ika a Maui see North IslandTeixeira Pinto see CanchungoTejo see TagusTejuco see DiamantinaTekirdag (city, northwestern Turkey) : to 1923

Rodosto; ancient Greek BisantheTel Aviv-Jafo see JaffaTelford (town, western England) : to 1968 Daw-

leyTelford and Wrekin (administrative district,

western England) : to 1998 The WrekinTell el-Farama (village, northeastern Egypt) :

Roman Pelusium; biblical SinTell es Sultan see JerichoTel’manove (town, southeastern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Tel’manovo); to 1935 Ostheym (RussianOstgeym) (The earlier name represents GermanOstheim.)

Tel’mansk see GubadagTel’novsky (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese Kita-kozawaTelo Martius see ToulonTel’shi see Tel§iaiTel’shyay see Tel§iaiTel§iai (city, northwestern Lithuania) : (Russian

Tel’shyay); to 1918 Russian Tel’shiTelukbayur (town, western Indonesia) : formerly

EmmahavenTembershchina see UzynTembershchyna see UzynTemeschwar-Josephstadt see Timi£oaraTemesmóra see Stamora Moravi´aTemesvár see Timi£oaraTemir-Khan-Shura see BuynakskTemirtau (city, east central Kazakhstan) : to 1945

Russian SamarkandskyTempe (city, Arizona, southwestern United

States) : to 1880 Hayden’s FerryTempelburg see CzaplinekTemplemore (town, south central Ireland) : Irish

An Teampall Mór

Templeton (village, southwestern Wales) : WelshTredeml

Temse (town, northern Belgium) : French TamiseTenby (town, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Dinbych-y-pysgodTenda see TendeTende (village, southeastern France) : to 1947

Italian TendaTenedos see BozcaadaTenevo (village, southeastern Bulgaria) : 1934–

1950 Tervel; to 1934 PandakliiTen Eyck see DearbornTenge (town, southwestern Kazakhstan) : to 1977

UzenTengi-Kharam see DehqonobodTeniente Bullaín (town, western Bolivia) : to

early 1940s DalenceTenochtitlán see Mexico CityTent Town see DouglasTentyra see DenderaTepelenë (town, southern Albania) : 1919–1921

modern Greek TepelenionTepelenion see TepelenëTepl see TepláTeplá (town, western Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1938–1945 German TeplTeplice (city, northwestern Czech Republic) :

formerly Teplice-¶anov; to 1918, 1938–1945German Teplitz-Schönau

Teplice nad Metují (town, northeastern CzechRepublic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanWekelsdorf

Teplice-¶anov see TepliceTeplitz-Schönau see TepliceTeplogorsk see Teplohirs’kTeplohirs’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Teplogorsk); to 1977 Irmine (Russian Irmino);formerly Irmins’kyy Rudnyk (Russian IrminskyRudnik)

Teploozyorsk (town, southeastern Russia) : for-merly Tyoploye Ozero

Te Punga a Maui see Stewart IslandTeraina (island, northeastern Kiribati) : to 1979

Washington IslandTeramo (city, central Italy) : Roman Interam-

niumTerebovlya (town, western Ukraine) : to 1939

Polish TrembowlaTerekty (town, eastern Kazakhstan) : formerly

Russian AlekseyevkaTerezín (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German TheresienstadtTergeste see TriesteTerijoki see ZelenogorskTermini Imerese (town, southern Italy) : Roman

Thermae Himerenses

Teano 204

Terminus see (1) Atlanta; (2) DillonTermonde see DendermondeTerni (city, central Italy) : Roman Interamna

NaharsTernopil’ (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Ternopol’ ); to 1938 Polish Tarnopol; 1918–1919Ukrainian Tarnopil’; 1914–1917 RussianTarnopol’ (The earlier Russian name is associ-ated with the 1917 Austro-German victoryover the Russians here during World War I.)

Ternopol’ see Ternopil’Ternovsk see NovokashirskTernovskoye see TrunovskoyeTernovsky see NovokashirskTerracina (town, western Italy) : Roman Tarra-

cinaTerranova di Sicilia see GelaTerranova Pausania see OlbiaTerter see TärtärTervel (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1913–1940

Romanian Curt-Bunar; to 1878 Turkish Kurt-bunar

Tervel see TenevoTeschen see (1) Teskï Tfi§ín; (2) CieszynTessin see TicinoTessville see LincolnwoodTeterboro (village, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : to 1943 BendixTetiyev see TetiyivTetiyiv (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian

Tetiyev); formerly SnegurovkaTetovo (city, northwestern Macedonia) : to 1913

Turkish KalkandelenTetri-Tskaro (town, southern Georgia) : to

c.1945 AgbulakhTetschen see DfiVínTetyukhe see Dal’negorskTetyukhe-Pristan’ see Rudnaya Pristan’Teuchezhsk see AdygeyskTevere see TiberTevis Bluff see BeaumontTe Waka a Maui see South IslandTezebazar (town, northern Turkmenistan) : for-

merly Russian AndreyevskThailand (kingdom, southeastern Asia) : to

1939, 1945–1948 Siam1Thames (river, southern England) : Roman

Tamesis (The latter part of the Roman namegave Isis as an alternate name for the Thamesin its course through Oxford.)

2Thames (river, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :to 1792 La Tranche

Thames see WaihouThamesdown see SwindonThamesford (village, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : formerly St. Andrews

Thamugadi see TimgadThanet, Isle of (peninsula, southeastern En-

gland) : Roman Tanatis (The peninsula was atone time a proper island.)

Thatcher see River ForestThe Aqueduct see WellandThebacha see Fort SmithThebae see ThebesTheben see 2DevínThe Bend see MonctonThebes (historic city, northern Egypt) : [Arabic

©nbah]; Roman Thebae; ancient Greek Diospo-lis; biblical No; ancient Egyptian Waset

The Camp see MaitlandThe Corners see (1) Clinton; (2) Walnut CreekThe Crushers see KatoombaThedford (village, Ontario, southeastern

Canada) : to 1859 Widder StationThe Falls see 1TrentonThe Ferry see 3WindsorThe Forks see WallaceburgThe Grove see GlenviewThe Gulf see Persian GulfThe Hague see Hague, TheThe Lizard see Lizard, TheThe Neck see PortlandThenia (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French MénervilleTheodosia see FeodosiyaThera (island, southeastern Greece) : alternate

SantoriniThe Rapids see SarniaTheresienstadt see TerezínTherma see Eagle NestThermae Himerenses see Termini ImereseTheronsville see PofadderThessalonica see SalonikaThessaloniki see SalonikaThe Swamp see ToowoombaThetford Mines (town, Quebec, southeastern

Canada) : formerly KingsvilleTheunissen (town, central South Africa) : for-

merly SmaldeelTheveste see TébessaThe Wrekin see Telford and WrekinThiersville see GhrissThionville (town, northeastern France) : 1870–

1919 German DiedenhofenThomastown (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish

Baile Mhic AndáinThompson see RosslandThompsonville see Sioux CityThomson’s Falls see NyahururuThorburn (village, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada)

: to 1886 Vale CollieryThorn see Toruü

205 Thorn

Thorn Grove see Chicago HeightsThornloe see New LiskeardThoune see ThunThourout see TorhoutThree Forks see PullmanThree Partners’ Mill see 1LakewoodThree Rivers see Trois-RivièresThun (town, west central Switzerland) : French

ThouneThunder Bay (city, Ontario, southern Canada) :

alternate Lakehead (The city was created in1970 on the amalgamation of the twin cities ofFort William and Port Arthur and adjacenttownships. Lakehead is properly the areaaround the bay that gave the city’s name.)

Thurgau (canton, northeastern Switzerland) :French Thurgovie

Thurgovie see ThurgauThurii see SibariThüringen see ThuringiaThuringia (region, southern Germany) : [Ger-

man Thüringen]Thurles (town, south central Ireland) : Irish

DurlasThyatira see AkhisarThysdrus see El DjemThysville see Mbanza-NgunguTiaret (city, northern Algeria) : formerly Tagdempt©nbah see ThebesTiber (river, central Italy) : [Italian Tevere];

Roman TiberisTiberias, Sea of see Galilee, Sea ofTiberis see TiberTibet (autonomous region, southwestern China)

: [Tibetan Bod; Chinese Xizang]Tibur see TivoliTicino (canton, southern Switzerland) : French

TessinTicinum see PaviaTiconderoga (village, New York, northeastern

United States) : to 1759 Fort CarillonTiegenhof see Nowy Dwór GdaüskiTienen (town, central Belgium) : French Tir-

lemontTierra de O’Higgins see Antarctic PeninsulaTiflis see T’bilisiTiflisskaya see TbilisskayaTigh a Ghearraidh see TigharryTigharry (village, Western Isles, northwestern

Scotland) : Gaelic Tigh a GhearraidhTighenif (town, northwestern Algeria) : formerly

PalikaoTighina (city, southeastern Moldova) : 1940–

1991 Russian Bendery; 1919–1940 RomanianTighina; 1538–1918 Russian Bendery (The al-ternate form Bender was also current.)

Tigranocerta see SilvanTigris (river, southeastern Turkey/northern Iraq)

: [Arabic Ad Dijla]; biblical HiddekelTikhon’kaya see BirobidzhanTikhonovka see PozharskoyeTikhono-Zadonsky see 2KropotkinTikirarjuaq see Whale CoveTilbury (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1895 Tilbury CentreTilbury Centre see TilburyTiligulo-Berezanka see BerezankaTilsit see 1SovetskTiltonsville (village, Ohio, north central United

States) : to 1930 GroverTimashyovsk (town, southwestern Russia) : to

1966 TimashyovskayaTimashyovskaya see TimashyovskTimbiras (town, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Monte AlegreTimbuctoo see TimbuktuTimbuktu (city, central Mali) : alternate French

Tombouctou; traditional English Timbuctoo(The traditional form entered the English lan-guage as a generic name for a remote place.)

Timgad (town, northeastern Algeria) : RomanThamugadi

Timiryazevo (village, western Russia) : to 1945German Neukirch

Timiryazevsky (town, southern Russia) : to 1940Novaya Eushta

Timi£oara (city, western Romania) : to 1918Hungarian Temesvár; to 1867 GermanTemeschwar-Josephstadt

Timon (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944 FloresTimor Timur see East TimorTinea see TyneTingis see TangierTingvalla see KarlstadTintern (village, southeastern Wales) : Welsh

TyndyrnTiobraid Árann see TipperaryTipp City (town, Ohio, north central United

States) : formerly Tippecanoe CityTippecanoe City see Tipp CityTipperary (town, south central Ireland) : Irish

Tiobraid ÁrannTiptona see 1ColumbusTirana see TiranëTiranë (city, central Albania) : alternate TiranaTqrhala see TrikalaTirlemont see TienenTqrnova see (1) Malko TQrnovo; (2) Veliko

TQrnovoTirol see TyrolTirolo see TyrolTirschtiegel see Trzciel

Thorn Grove 206

Tiruchchirappalli (city, southern India) : for-merly (and still also alternate) Trichinopoly

Tischnowitz see Ti§novTi§nov (town, southeastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German TischnowitzTisovec (town, south central Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian TiszolcTissemsilt (town, northern Algeria) : to c.1962

French VialarTiszaszederkény see TiszaújvárosTiszaújváros (town, northeastern Hungary);

1970–1990 Lenínváros; to 1970 Tiszaszeder-kény

Tiszolc see TisovecTiticut see BridgewaterTitograd see PodgoricaTitova Korenica (village, western Croatia) : to

c.1945 KorenicaTitova Mitrovica see Kosovska MitrovicaTitovo U±ice see U±iceTitovo Velenje see VelenjeTitov Veles see VelesTitov Vrbas see VrbasTitusville (city, Florida, southeastern United

States) : to 1874 Sand PointTivoli (city, central Italy) : Roman TiburTlaxiaco (town, southeastern Mexico) : alternate

formal Heroica Ciudad de Tlaxiaco; formerlySanta María Asunción Tlaxiaco

Tùuste see TovsteTmolus see Boz DagToamasina (city, eastern Madagascar) : formerly

French TamataveTobias Barreto (city, northeastern Brazil) : to

1944 CamposToblach see DobbiacoTobruk (city, northern Libya) : ancient Greek

AntipyrgosTocantinópolis (city, north central Brazil) : to

1944 Boa VistaTocqueville see Ras el OuedTodi (town, central Italy) : Roman TuderTodor Ikonomovo (village, northeastern Bul-

garia) : to 1934 MakhmuzliiTodos Santos see 1ConcordTogliattigrad see Tol’yattiTojikobod (town, central Tajikistan) : (Russian

Tajikabad); to 1949 Kalay-LyabiobTokarivka see 2Pershotravens’kTokaryovka see 2Pershotravens’kTokelau (island group, central Pacific) :

1919–1946 Union IslandsTöketerebes see Trebi§ovTokmak (city, southeastern Ukraine) : to 1962

Velykyy Tokmak (Russian Bol’shoy Tokmak)Toktogul (town, west central Kyrgyzstan) : for-

merly Muztor; 1940–1944 Toktogul; to 1940Akchi-Karasu

Tokyo (city, east central Japan) : to 1868 EdoTôlanaro (town, southeastern Madagascar) : for-

merly French Fort-DauphinTolbiacum see ZülpichTolbukhin see DobrichTole Bi (village, southeastern Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian NovotroitskoyeToledo (city, central Spain) : Roman ToletumTolentino (town, central Italy) : Roman Tolenti-

numTolentinum see TolentinoToletum see ToledoToliary (town, southwestern Madagascar) : to

1978 TuléarTolkemit see TolkmickoTolkmicko (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1945

German TolkemitTolmeta (town, northeastern Libya) : ancient

Greek PtolemaïsTolosa see ToulouseTolstoye see TovsteTol’yatti (city, western Russia) : to 1964 Stav-

ropol’ (The city, named for the Italian Com-munist politician Palmiro Togliatti, becameknown to Italians as Togliattigrad, translatingRussian gorod Tol’yatti, “city of Tol’yatti,” fol-lowing construction of the Italian-backedFIAT automobile manufacturing plant here,the largest in Russia.)

Tomanivi (mountain, western Fiji) : formerlyMt. Victoria

Tomari (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-nese Tomarioru

Tomari see GolovninoTomarikishi see VakhrushevTomarioru see TomariTombiacum see ZülpichTombouctou see TimbuktuTombua (town, southwestern Angola) : formerly

Portuguese Porto AlexandreTomesha see Death ValleyTomi see Constan´aTomislavgrad (town, southwestern Bosnia-

Herzegovina) : 1945–1991 DuvnoTønder (town, southwestern Denmark) : 1864–

1920 German TondernTondern see TønderTonekabon (town, northern Iran) : to 1980

ShahsavarTonga (island kingdom, southwestern Pacific) :

formerly Friendly IslandsTongeren (town, northeastern Belgium) : French

TongresTongking see Hanoi

207 Tongking

Tongres see TongerenTongzhou see NantongTonkin see HanoiTonquin see HanoiToowoomba (city, Queensland, eastern Aus-

tralia) : originally The SwampTopol’Vany (city, western Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian NagytapolcsányTopolovgrad (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : to

1934 Kavaklii; to 1878 Turkish KavaklqTopolya see BaVka TopolaTopornino see KushnarenkovoTorda see TurdaTorez (city, southeastern Ukraine) : 1870s–1964

Chystyakove (Russian Chistyakovo); 1840–1870sOleksiyeve-Leonove (Russian Alekseyevo-Leonovo); earlier Oleksiyivka (Russian Alek-seyevka)

Torgovaya see Sal’skTorhout (town, western Belgium) : French

ThouroutTorino see TurinTorlak see Tsar KaloyanTornal’a (town, southern Slovakia) : 1949–1990

¶afárikovo; to 1918, 1938–1945 Hungarian Tor-nalja

Tornalja see Tornal’aTorneå see TornioTornio (town, western Finland) : to 1809

Swedish TorneåToro see ShakhtyorskToronto (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

1793–1834 York (The earlier name remainsrepresented in the metropolitan borough ofYork.)

Torrington (city, Connecticut, northeasternUnited States) : to 1732 New Orleans Village

To’rtko’l (town, western Uzbekistan) : (RussianTurtkul’); to c.1920 Russian Petroaleksandrovsk

Tortona (town, northwestern Italy) : RomanDertona

Toruü (city, northern Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Thorn

Toscana see TuscanyToscanella see TuscaniaToshkent see TashkentTotis see TataTótmegyer see PalárikovoToul (town, northeastern France) : Roman Tul-

lumToulon (city, southeastern France) : Roman Telo

MartiusToulouse (city, southern France) : Roman TolosaTourane see Da NangTournai (city, southwestern Belgium) : Flemish

Doornik; Roman Turnacum

Tours (city, west central France) : Roman Caesar-odunum

Tovarishcha Khatayevicha, imeni see Synel’-nykove

Tovarkovo see TovarkovskyTovarkovsky (town, western Russia) : 1932–1957

Kaganovich; to 1932 TovarkovoTovarysha Katayevycha, imeny see Synel’ny-

koveTovste (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Tol-

stoye); to 1939 Polish TùusteTowcester (town, south central England) :

Roman LactodurumTown of Kansas see 1Kansas CityTowyn see TywynToyohara see Yuzhno-SakhalinskToyota (city, central Japan) : to 1938 KoromoTrabzon (city, northeastern Turkey) : formerly

Trebizond; ancient Greek Trapezus (The formername is historically valid for the Greek empire,with the city as its capital, that existed from1204 to 1461.)

Tracadigetche see CarletonTrachenberg see ÕmigródTragurium see TrogirTrail (town, British Columbia, southwestern

Canada) : to 1897 Trail CreekTrail Creek see TrailTrajani Portus see CivitavecchiaTrajan Way see ViaTrajectum ad Mosam see MaastrichtTrajectum ad Rhenum see UtrechtTrakai (town, southeastern Lithuania) : (Russian

Trakay); to 1918 Russian TrokiTrakay see TrakaiTralee (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish Trá LíTrá Lí see TraleeTranscarpathian Oblast (administrative region,

western Ukraine) : (Russian ZakarpatskayaOblast’); [Ukrainian Zakarpats’ka Oblast’]; for-merly Ruthenia

Transilvania see TransylvaniaTransjordan see JordanTransvaal (region, northeastern South Africa) :

1857–1877, 1884–1902 South African Republic(The former name should not be confusedwith that of the present Republic of SouthAfrica.)

Transylvania (region, western and central Roma-nia) : [Romanian Transilvania]; 1867–1918Hungarian Erdély; earlier German Siebenbür-gen

Trapani (city, southern Italy) : Roman DrepanumTrapezus see TrabzonTrau see TrogirTraù see Trogir

Tongres 208

Trautenau see TrutnovTrbovlje (town, central Slovenia) : to 1918, 1941–

1945 German TrifailTreamlod see AmblestonT†ebechovice pod Orebem (town, east central

Czech Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 GermanHohenbruck

Treberfedd see MiddletownT†ebíV (town, southern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German TrebitschTrebi§ov (city, southeastern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian TöketerebesTrebitsch see T†ebíVTrebizond see TrabzonTrebnitz see TrzebnicaT†eboû (town, southern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German WittingauTrecelyn see NewbridgeTredegar Newydd see New TredegarTredelerch see RumneyTredeml see TempletonTrefaldwyn see MontgomeryTrefdraeth see 2NewportTreffynnon see HolywellTrefonnen see NashTreforgan see MorganstownTreforys see MorristonTrefyclo see KnightonTrefynwy see MonmouthTregatwg see CadoxtonTre-groes see 3WhitchurchTre-gwyr see GowertonTreletert see LetterstonTrembowla see TerebovlyaTremedal see Monte AzulTremessen see TrzemesznoTrenWianske Teplice (town, western Slovakia) :

to 1918 Hungarian Trencsén-Teplic; to 1867German Trentschiner Bad

TrenVín (town, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-garian Trencsén; to 1867 German Trentschin

Trencsén see TrenVínTrencsén-Teplic see TrenWianske TepliceTrent (river, east central England) : Roman

TrisantonaTrent see TrentoTrentino-Alto Adige (region, northeastern Italy)

: 1919–1947 Venezia TridentinaTrento (city, northern Italy) : to 1918 German

Trient; formerly English Trent; Roman Triden-tum (The English name is historically pre-served for the Council of Trent, the ecumeni-cal council of the Roman Catholic church,which met here in the 16th century.)

1Trenton (city, New Jersey, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1721 The Falls

2Trenton (city, Michigan, northern UnitedStates) : 1837–1847 Truago; to 1837 Truaxton

3Trenton (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :formerly Trent Town; originally Trent Port

Trent Port see 3TrentonTrentschin see TrenVínTrentschiner Bad see TrenWianske TepliceTrent Town see 3TrentonTreptow see AltentreptowTreptow an der Rega see TrzebiatówTrês Rios (city, southeastern Brazil) : to 1943

Entre RiosTres Tabernae see SaverneTresimwn see BonvilstonIII Internatsionala, imeni see NovoshakhtinskTreuburg see OleckoTreurfontein see ColignyTreves see TrierTrèves see TrierTreviso (city, northeastern Italy) : Roman Tarvi-

siumTrewyddel see MoylgroveTrichinopoly see TiruchchirappalliTridentum see TrentoTrient see TrentoTrier (city, western Germany) : 1801–1815 French

Trèves; formerly English Treves; Roman Au-gusta Treverorum

Triest see TriesteTrieste (city, northeastern Italy) : to 1919 German

Triest; Roman TergesteTrifail see TrbovljeTrigo de Morais see ChókwéTrikala (town, northern Greece) : to 1881 Turk-

ish TqrhalaTrikora (mountain, western Indonesia) : to 1963

Wilhelmina TopTrim (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Baile Átha

TroimTrimontium see (1) Newstead; (2) PlovdivTrinchera de los Paraguayos see PosadasTrinchera de San José see PosadasT†inec (town, eastern Czech Republic) : 1939–

1945 German Trzynietz; 1918–1919, 1938–1939Polish Trzyniec; to 1918 German Trzynietz

1Tripoli (city, northwestern Lebanon) : [Arabic©arIbulus ash-ShIm]; ancient Greek Tripolis.(The Greek name was that of the capital of afederation of three cities: Sidon [now Saida],Tyre [now Sur], and Aradus [now Arwad]. TheArabic name, meaning “northern Tripoli,” dis-tinguishes the city from 2Tripoli.)

2Tripoli (city, northwestern Libya) : [Arabic©arIbulus al-Gharb]; ancient Greek Tripolis.(The Greek name was originally that of a fed-eration of three cities: Leptis Magna (now Lab-

209 Tripoli

dah), Sabrata, and Oea, which last alone sur-vived into medieval times and became iden-tified with the present city. The Arabic name,meaning “western Tripoli,” distinguishes thecity from 1Tripoli.)

Tripolis see 1,2TripoliTrisantona see (1) Arun; (2) TrentTrnava (city, western Slovakia) : to 1918 Hungar-

ian Nagyszombat; to 1867 German TyrnauTrogir (town, southern Croatia) : 1941–1943 Ital-

ian Traù; to 1918 German Trau; Roman Tra-gurium

Troia see 1TroyTrois-Marabouts see Sidi Ben AddaTrois-Rivières (city, Quebec, southeastern

Canada) : English Three RiversTroitskosavsk see KyakhtaTroitsky (city, west central Russia) : to 1928

PeklevskayaTroki see TrakaiTrondheim (city, central Norway) : 1930–1931

Nidaros; 1537–1930 Trondhjem; 1016–1537Nidaros; originally Kaupangr (The earlier namelives on in the city’s Nidaros cathedral.)

Trondhjem see TrondheimTroodos (mountain, southwestern Cyprus) : for-

merly Mt. Olympus (This is not the famousMt. Olympus, home of the Greek gods, whichis in northeastern Greece.)

Troppau see OpavaTrotsk see (1) Chapayevsk; (2) GatchinaTroupsville see CarrolltonTroupville see Valdosta1Troy (historic city, western Turkey) : Roman

Troia; alternate Roman Ilium; ancient GreekIlion (The precise site of ancient Troy wasdefinitively identified only in the 19th centuryas a large mound south of the Dardanellesknown by the Turkish name Hisarlqk.)

2Troy (city, New York, northeastern UnitedStates) : to 1789 Vanderheyden’s Ferry

Troy see (1) 2Aylmer; (2) Fall RiverTroyes (city, northeastern France) : Roman Civi-

tas Tricassium; earlier Roman AugustobonaTrstená (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918 Hun-

garian TrsztenaTrsztena see TrstenáTruago see 2TrentonTruaxton see 2TrentonTrucial Oman see United Arab EmiratesTrucial States see United Arab EmiratesTrud (village, south central Bulgaria) : to 1943

Klimentina; to 1889 ChiripliiTrudovaya Kommuna imeni Dzerzhinskogo

see DzerzhinskyTrujillo (town, western Spain) : Roman Turgalium

Trujillo see 1San CristóbalTrujillo, Monte see Duarte, PicoTrujillo Bajo see CarolinaTrujillo Valdéz see PeraviaTruk see ChuukTrunovskoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to

1936 TernovskoyeTruth or Consequences (town, New Mexico,

southwestern United States) : 1916–1950 HotSprings; to 1916 Springs of Palomas (The town’soriginal name was that of the springs by whichit arose.)

Trutnov (town, northern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1938–1945 German Trautenau

Trzcianka (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Schönlanke

Trzciel (town, western Poland) : to 1945 GermanTirschtiegel

Trzciüsko Zdrój (town, northwestern Poland) :to 1925 Bad Schönfliess in Neumark

Trzebiatów (town, northwestern Poland) : to1945 German Treptow an der Rega

Trzebnica (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945German Trebnitz

Trzemeszno (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Tremessen

Tr±iV (town, northern Slovenia) : to 1918,1941–1945 German Neumarktl

Trzyniec see T†inecTrzynietz see T†inecTsarekonstantinovka see 1KuybysheveTsarekostyantynivka see 1KuybysheveTsarevicha Alekseya see Maly TaymyrTsarevo (town, southeastern Bulgaria) : 1950–

1989 Michurin; 1934–1950 Tsarevo; to 1934Vasiliko

Tsaritsyn see VolgogradTsaritsyno see 1LeninoTsar Kaloyan (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : to

1934 Torlak; earlier KhlebarovoTsarskoye Selo see PushkinTsaryovokokshaysk see Yoshkar-OlaTsaryovosanchursk see SanchurskTschaslau see TáslavTschechische Teschen see Tesky Tfi§ínTschenstochau see CzdstochowaTschirnau see CzerninaTselinograd see AstanaTsementny see FokinoTsentrosoyuz see Komsomol’s’kyyTshwane (city, northeastern South Africa) : to

2007 Pretoria (The new name was officiallyapplied to the metropolitan area of Pretoriarather than the inner city.)

Tsiigehtchic (village, Northwest Territories,northwestern Canada) : to 1999 Arctic Red River

Tripolis 210

Tskhakaya see SenakiTs’khinvali (city, north central Georgia) : 1934–

1961 StaliniriTskhum see SokhumiTsulukidze see KhoniTsurukhaytuy see PriargunskTsyurupinsk see Tsyurupyns’kTsyurupy, imeni (town, western Russia) : to

1935 VanilovoTsyurupyns’k (town, southern Ukraine) : (Rus-

sian Tsyurupinsk); to 1928 Oleshky (RussianAlyoshki)

Tthedzeh Koe see WrigleyTthenaagoo see Nahanni ButteTuaim see TuamTuam (town, western Ireland) : Irish TuaimTuapeka see LawrenceTúbano see Padre Las CasasTuchel see TucholaTuchola (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,

1939–1945 German TuchelTucuruí (city, northeastern Brazil) : to 1944

AlcobaçaTuczno (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German TützTuder see TodiTüffer see La§koTuktoyaktuk (village, Northwest Territories,

northwestern Canada) : 1939–1950 Port Bra-bant

Tukum see TukumsTukums (town, northern Latvia) : to 1918 Rus-

sian TukumTukuyu (town, southwestern Tanzania) : for-

merly German Neu-LangenburgTulach Mhór see TullamoreTulatovo see IristonTulça see TulceaTulcea (city, southeastern Romania) : to 1878

Turkish TulçaTuléar see ToliaryTuleburg see StocktonTulita (village, Northwest Territories, northwest-

ern Canada) : to 1999 Fort NormanTullamore (town, central Ireland) : Irish Tulach

MhórTullum see ToulTumanyan (town, northern Armenia) : to 1951

DzagidzorTun see FerdowsTunes see TunisTunis (city, northeastern Tunisia) : Roman TunesTunis see TunisiaTunisia (republic, northern Africa) : formerly

TunisTupaciretã see Tupanciretã

Tupanciretã (city, southern Brazil) : to 1938Tupaciretã

Tupelo (city, Mississippi, southern UnitedStates) : originally Gum Pond

Tura (town, central Russia) : to 1938 Tur’inskayaKul’tbaza

Turanga see GisborneTurar Ryskulov (town, southern Kazakhstan) :

formerly Russian VannovkaTurVianske Teplice (town, west central Slovakia)

: to 1945 ¶tubnianske TepliceTurViansky Svätï Martin see MartinTurda (city, northwestern Romania) : to 1918

Hungarian TordaTurdossin see Tvrdo§ínTurenne see SabraTurgalium see TrujilloT≠rgovishte (city, east central Bulgaria) : 1878–

1909 Eski Dzhumaya; to 1878 Turkish Eski-cumaa (The city should not be confused withTârgovi£te, south central Romania.)

Turin (city, northeastern Italy) : [Italian Torino];Roman Augusta Taurinorum; earlier RomanTaurasia

Tur’inskaya Kul’tbaza see TuraTur’inskiye Rudniki see Krasnotur’inskTurkana, Lake (northern Kenya) : to 1975 (and

still alternate) Lake RudolfTurkestan (city, southern Kazakhstan) : formerly

Yasi; earlier ShavgarTurkey (republic, southeastern Europe/south-

western Asia) : [Turkish Türkiye] (EuropeanTurkey represents only about 3 percent of thecountry’s area. Asian Turkey is also known asAnatolia.)

Turkey Hill see FitchburgTürkiye see TurkeyTürkmenabat (city, eastern Turkmenistan) :

1940–1999 Chardzhou; 1927–1940 Chardzhuy;1924–1927 Leninsk-Turkmensky

Turkmenbashi (city, northwestern Turkmeni-stan) : to 1994 Russian Krasnovodsk

Turku (city, southwestern Finland) : to 1809Swedish Åbo

Turnacum see TournaiTurnau see TurnovTurnov (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German TurnauTurócszentmárton see Martin Turris Libisonis

see Porto TorresTurski Tr≠stenik see SlavyanovoTursunzade (town, western Tajikistan) : 1952–

1978 Regar; to 1952 Russian Stantsiya-RegarTurtkul’ see To’rtk’olTurtucaia see TutrakanTuscania (town, central Italy) : to 1911 Toscanella

211 Tuscania

Tuscany (region, central Italy) : [Italian Toscana]Tusket Wedge see WedgeportTutayev (city, western Russia) : to 1918 Romanov-

Borisoglebsk (The former name represents thetwo sections of the town, either side of theVolga.)

Tutrakan (town, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1913–1940 Romanian Turtucaia

Tütz see TucznoTuva see TyvaTuvalu (island republic, southwestern Pacific) :

to 1978 Ellice Islands (In 1916 the islands be-came part of the British Gilbert and Ellice Is-lands colony, with the Gilbert Islands givingthe name of Kiribati.)

Tver’ (city, western Russia) : 1931–1991 KalininTvrdo§ín (town, northern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian TurdossinTwardogóra (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German FestenbergTwickenham see HuntsvilleTyachev see TyachivTyachiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Tya-

chev); 1944–1945 Czech T’aVovo; 1938–1944Hungarian Tecsâ; 1919–1938 Czech T’aVovo; to1918 Hungarian Tecsâ

Tyan’-Shan’ see 1NarynTyatino (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese ChinomijiTyddewi see St. David’sTy-du see RogerstoneTylyhulo-Berezanka see BerezankaTymovskoye (town, eastern Russia) : to 1949

DerbinskoyeTynda (city, eastern Russia) : to 1975 TyndinskyTyndinsky see TyndaTyndyrn see TinternTyne (river, northeastern England) : Roman

TineaTyngstown see 2ManchesterTï n nad Vltavou (town, southern Czech Repub-

lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German MoldauteinTyoploye Ozero see TeploozyorskTyoply Klyuch see KlyuchevskTyoply Stan see SechenovoTyras see (1) Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy;

(2) DniesterTyre see SurTyrisevä see UshkovoTyrnau see TrnavaTyrol (region, western Austria/northern Italy) :

alternate Tirol; [Italian Tirolo] (The northernpart of the region is now the Austrian state ofTirol, with the German form of the name. In1919 the southern part became the Italian dis-trict of Alto Adige, now Trentino-Alto Adige.)

Tyuriseva see UshkovoTyva (republic, southern Russia) : (Russian

Tuva); formerly Russian Tannu-Tuva; to 1921Mongolian Uriankhai

Tywyn (village, western Wales) : formerly mostlyTowyn (The present spelling distinguishes thevillage from Towyn in northern Wales. Bothare seaside resorts.)

Uachtar Ard see OughterardUbaíra (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 AreiaUbaitaba (town, eastern Brazil) : to 1944 ItapiraUbangi-Shari see Central African RepublicUbirama see Lençóis PaulistaUbundu (town, northeastern Democratic Repub-

lic of the Congo) : to 1966 French PonthiervilleUccle (town, central Belgium) : Flemish Ukkel

(The town is now a suburb of Brussels.)Uch-Korgon (village, western Kyrgyzstan) :

1938–1957 Russian Molotovabad; to 1938 Uch-Kurgan (The village should not be confusedwith the town of Uchkurgan, eastern Uzbek-istan.)

Uchkuprik (village, eastern Uzbekistan) :c.1940–1957 Russian Molotovo; 1937–c.1940Russian imeni Molotova; to 1937 Uchkupryuk

Uchkupryuk see UchkuprikUch-Kurgan see Uch-KorgonUdagamandalam (town, southern India) : for-

merly English OotacamundUdarny (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945 Japa-

nese TaiheiUdd see ChkalovUdine (province, northeastern Italy) : 1923–

c.1945 FriuliUdmurt Autonomous Oblast see Udmurt Re-

publicUdmurt Autonomous Republic see Udmurt

RepublicUdmurtia see Udmurt RepublicUdmurt Republic (western Russia) : alternate

Udmurtia; 1934–1991 Udmurt Autonomous Re-public; 1932–1934 Udmurt Autonomous Oblast;1920–1932 Votyak Autonomous Oblast (Thevarious names involve a change in political sta-tus or ethnic appellation.)

Ugernum see BeaucaireUggehnen see MatrosovoUglegorsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese EsutoruUglegorsk see Vuhlehirs’kUglekamensk (village, southeastern Russia) : to

1972 Severny SuchanUgleural’sky (town, west central Russia) : to 1951

PolovinkaUglezavodsk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese Higashi-naibuchi

Tuscany 212

Ugnev see UhnivUgodsky Zavod see ZhukovoUgol’ny (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese TaieiUgol’ny see KarpinskUgol’nyye Kopi see KopeyskUherské Hradi§tfi (city, southeastern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Un-garisch-Hradisch

Uherskï Brod (town, southeastern Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Ungar-isch-Brod

Uherskï Ostroh (town, southeastern Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Un-garisch-Ostra

Uhniv (town, western Ukraine) : (RussianUgnev); to 1939 Polish Uhnów

Uhnów see UhnivUhtua see KalevalaUíbh Fhailí see OffalyUibhist a’ Deas see South UistUibhist a’ Tuath see North UistUíge (town, northwestern Angola) : formerly

Portuguese Vila Marechal CarmonaUjazd (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 German

BischofstalÚjbánya see Nová BaûaUji-yamada see IseUjlak see Vel’ké Zálu±ieUjung Pandang (city, central Indonesia) : for-

merly MacassarÚjverbász see VrbasÚjvidék see Novi SadUK see United KingdomUkhta (city, northwestern Russia) : to 1939

ChibyuUkhta see KalevalaUkkel see UccleUkmergc (town, east central Lithuania) : to 1918

Russian VilkomirUkraina see UkraineUkraine (republic, central Europe) : (Russian

Ukraina); [Ukrainian Ukrayina]Ukrainsk see Ukrains’kUkrains’k (town eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Ukrainsk); to 1963 Lisivka (Russian Lesovka)Ukrayina see UkraineUkrepleniye Kommunizma see IvanishchiUku (village, western Angola) : formerly Por-

tuguese Vila Nova do SelesUlaanbaatar see Ulan BatorUlala see Gorno-AltayskUlan Bator (city, north central Mongolia) :

[Mongolian Ulaanbaatar]; to 1924 UrgaUlan-Ude (city, southeastern Russia) : to 1934

Verkhneudinsk

Ulcinj (town, southern Montenegro) : formerlyItalian Dulcegno; to 1880 Turkish Ülgün

Uleåborg see OuluÜlgün see UlcinjUlongue (village, northwestern Mozambique) :

1945–1975 Portuguese Vila CoutinhoUlster see Northern IrelandUlu Dag (mountain, northwestern Turkey) : for-

merly Mt. Olympus. (This is not the famousMt. Olympus, home of the Greek gods, whichis in northeastern Greece.)

Ulugbek (town, northeastern Uzbekistan) : for-merly Khodzhaakhrar

Uluqsaqtuua see HolmanUluru see Ayers Rock1Ul’yanovka (town, south central Ukraine) : to

1924 Hrushka (Russian Grushka)2Ul’yanovka (town, western Russia) : to 1923

Sablino1Ul’yanovo (village, western Russia, near

Sukhinichi) : to 1938 Plokhino2Ul’yanovo (village, western Russia, near Kalin-

ingrad) : to 1945 German BreitensteinUl’yanovo see DashtobodUl’yanovsk see SimbirskUlzio see OulxUmal’tinsky (village, eastern Russia) : to 1942

PolovinkaUmanskaya see LeningradskayaUmba (town, northwestern Russia) : formerly

LesnoyUmm DurmIn see OmdurmanUmtali see MutareUmvuma see MvumaUmzimvubu see Port St. John’sUna see IbiúnaUngarisch-Altenburg see MagyaróvárUngarisch-Brod see Uherskï BrodUngarisch-Hradisch see Uherské Hradi§tfiUngarisch-Ostra see Uherskï OstrohUngarn see HungaryUngeny see UngheniUngheni (city, western Moldova) : (Russian

Ungeny); 1919–1940 Romanian Ungheni; to1918 Russian Ungeny

Ungvár see UzhhorodUnião see (1) Jaguaruana; (2) União dos Pal-

maresUnião dos Palmares (city, northeastern Brazil) :

to 1944 União1Union (town, New Jersey, northeastern United

States) : originally Connecticut Farms2Union (town, South Carolina, southeastern

United States) : originally UnionvilleUnion Colony see GreeleyUnion Islands see Tokelau

213 Union Islands

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics see RussiaUniontown (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : originally Beeson’s TownUnionville see (1) Scranton; (2) Streator;

(3) 2UnionUnited Arab Emirates (federation, southwestern

Asia) : to 1971 Trucial States or Trucial Oman(Oman itself is not one of the seven emiratesthat comprise the federation.)

United Arab Republic see EgyptUnited Kingdom (kingdom, western Europe) :

formally United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland; colloquially UK (The infor-mal name Britain, more commonly applied toGreat Britain, is also sometimes used for theUnited Kingdom, as also is England, properlythe southern part of the country, but also itschief and largest part.)

United Kingdom of Great Britain and North-ern Ireland see United Kingdom

United Provinces of Agra and Oudh see UttarPradesh

United States (federal republic, southern NorthAmerica) : formally United States of America;colloquially USA; informally America

United States of America see United StatesUnruhstadt see KargowaUntervalden see PodlesnoyeUpland see 2ChesterUpper Canada see OntarioUpper Canisteo see HornellUpper Peru see BoliviaUpper Volta see Burkina FasoUqsuqtuq see Gjoa HavenUr (ancient city, southern Iraq) : biblical Ur of

the ChaldeesUralets (town, west central Russia) : to 1933

Krasny UralUralmedstroy see Krasnoural’skUral’sk see OralUramir see RomitUrbakh see 2PushkinoUrbino (town, central Italy) : Roman Urbinum

HortenseUrbinum Hortense see UrbinoUrbs Vetus see OrvietoUrfa see ßanlqurfaUrga see Ulan BatorUrganch (city, southern Uzbekistan) : to 1929

Russian Novourgench (The city, formerly Ur-gench, should not be confused with Keneur-gench, Turkmenistan, 85 miles to the north-west.)

Urgench see UrganchUriankhai see TyvaUriconium see Wroxeter

Uritsk (town, western Russia) : to 1925 Ligovo(The town is now part of St. Petersburg.)

Uritskoye see Sarykol’Uritsky see Sarykol’Urmia see Or¨mnyehUr of the Chaldees see UrUro§evac (village, southern Kosovo) : to 1913

Turkish FirusbeyUrsat’yevskaya see XovosUrso see OsunaUruaçu (city, central Brazil) : to 1944 Portuguese

SantanaUrumyenikoy see B≠lgarevoUrundi see BurundiUrupês (town, southeastern Brazil) : to 1944

Portuguese Mundo NovoUrupskaya see SovetskayaUrus-Martan (city, southwestern Russia) : 1944–

1957 KrasnoarmeyskoyeUryu see KirillovoUSA see United StatesU¢ciùug see UstyluhUshant see OuessantUshiro see OrlovoUshkovo (village, northwestern Russia) : to 1948

Finnish Tyrisevä (The village passed to theUSSR in 1940, but retained its Finnish name,in russianized form Tyuriseva, until 1948.)

Usk (town, southeastern Wales) : Welsh Bryn-buga; Roman Burrium (The river on which thetown stands, and from which it takes its pres-ent name, was known to the Romans as Isca.The same river flows through Caerleon.)

Üsküb see SkopjeÜsküdar (town, northwestern Turkey) : formerly

Scutari; ancient Greek Chrysopolis (The town isnow a district of Istanbul.)

Usol’ye see Usol’ye-SibirskoyeUsol’ye-Sibirskoye (city, southern Russia) : to

1940 Usol’yeUsol’ye-Solikamskoye see BereznikiUspenka see 2KirovskyUSSR see RussiaUssuriysk (city, eastern Russia) : 1935–1957

Voroshilov; 1926–1935 Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky; to1926 Nikol’sk

Ust’-Abakanskoye see AbakanUst’-Balyk see NefteyuganskUst’-Belokalitvenskaya see Belaya KalitvaUst’-Borovaya see BorovskUst’-Dvinsk see DaugavgrnvaUstilug see UstyluhÚstí nad Labem (city, northwestern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1948–1945 German Aussig ander Elbe

Ústi nad Orlicí (town, northeastern Czech Re-

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 214

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Wilden-schwert

Ustinov see IzhevskUstka (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German StolpmündeUst’-Katav (city, western Russia) : to 1943 Ust’-

Katavsky ZavodUst’-Katavsky Zavod see Ust’-KatavUst’-Kamenogorsk see ÖskemenUst’-Medveditskaya see SerafimovichUst’-Orda see Ust’-OrdynskyUst’-Ordynsky (town, eastern Russia) : to 1941

Ust’-OrdaUst’-Penzhino see KamenskoyeUstronie Morskie (village, northern Poland) : to

1945 German HenkenhagenUstrzyki Dolne (town, southeastern Poland) :

1939–1951 Russian Nizhniye UstrikiUst’-Sysol’sk see SyktyvkarUst’-Vorkuta (town, northwestern Russia) : for-

merly SangorodokUstyluh (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Ustilug); to 1939 Polish U¢ciùugUsumbura see BujumburaUszor see HviezdoslavovUtah (state, western United States) : to 1850

Deseret (The original name was given in 1849to the state proclaimed by Mormon settlers inSalt Lake City. The U.S. government did notrecognize it, and in 1850 instead legislated theUtah Territory, which in 1896 took its presentname, applied to a much reduced area.)

Utena (city, eastern Lithuania) : to 1918 RussianUtsyany

Utkinsky Zavod see StaroutkinskUtrecht (city, central Netherlands) : Roman Tra-

jectum ad Rhenum (The Roman name locatesthe city at a crossing of the Rhine, just asMaastricht arose by a crossing of the Meuse.)

Utsyany see UtenaUttar Pradesh (state, northern India) : 1902–

1950 United Provinces of Agra and OudhUudenmaan (province, southern Finland) : for-

merly Uusimaa; to 1809 Swedish NylandUuras see VysotskUusikaupunki (town, southwestern Finland) :

to 1809 Swedish Nystad (The Swedish name ispreserved historically for the 1721 treaty be-tween Russia and Sweden.)

Uusimaa see UudenmaanUvalde (town, Texas, southern United States) :

to 1856 EncinaUxantis see OuessantUxelodunum see StanwixUxisama see OuessantUzen see Tenge

Uzenitsa see UzynUzenytsa see UzynUzès-le-Duc see Oued el AbtalUzhgorod see UzhhorodUzhhorod (city, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Uzhgorod); 1944–1945 Czech U±horod; 1938–1944 Hungarian Ungvár; 1919–1938 CzechU±horod; to 1918 Hungarian Ungvár (The citywas under Hungarian control from the late11th century to 1918 and was under Hungarianoccupation during World War II.)

U±horod see UzhhorodU±ice (city, western Serbia) : 1947–1992 Titovo

U±iceUzin see UzynUzlovoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man RautenbergUzunköprü (town, northwestern Turkey) :

1920–1922 modern Greek Maura GefuraUzyn (town, central Ukraine) : (Russian Uzin);

1773–c.1800 Tembershchyna (Russian Tember-shchina); originally Uzenytsa (Russian Uze-nitsa)

Uzynkol’ (village, northern Kazakhstan) : for-merly Russian Leninskoye; earlier RussianDem’yanovka

Vaasa (city, southwestern Finland) : 1855–1917Nikolainkaupunki; to 1809 Swedish Vasa (TheSwedish equivalent of the earlier Finnish namewas Nikolaistad.)

Vác (city, northern Hungary) : to 1867 GermanWaitzen

Vacca see BéjaVadinsk (village, western Russia) : to c.1940

KerenskVadodara (city, western India) : formerly Baroda

(This Baroda, in Gujarat state, should not beconfused with the cities of the same name inMadhya Pradesh and Rajasthan states.)

Vagarshapat see EjmiatsinVágbeszterce see Pova±ská BystricaVágsellye see ¶al’aVágújhely see Nové Mesto nad VáhomVajdahunyad see HunedoaraVakhrushev (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese TomarikishiVakhsh (town, southeastern Tajikistan) : to 1950s

Russian VakhstroyVakhstroy see VakhshValahia see WallachiaVala§ské Mezi†íVí (town, eastern Czech Repub-

lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Wallachisch-Meseritsch

Val-Brillant (village, Quebec, southeasternCanada) : 1913–1916 St.-Pierre-du-Lac; to 1913Cedar Hall

215 Val-Brillant

ValdemIrpils (town, northwestern Latvia) : to1917 German Sassmacken

Valdez (town, Alaska, northwestern UnitedStates) : to 1898 Copper City

Val’dgeym see DobropillyaValdosta (city, Georgia, southeastern United

States) : to 1859 Troupville; originally Frank-linville (The original town was renamed whenmoved east to its present site.)

Vale Colliery see ThorburnValegotsulovo see Dolyns’keValença see (1) Marquês de Valença;

(2) Valença do PiauíValença do Piauí (town, northeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Portuguese Berlengas; to 1944 Por-tuguese Valença

Valence (town, southeastern France) : RomanValentia

1Valencia (city, eastern Spain) : Roman Valentia2Valencia (city, northwestern Venezuela) : origi-

nally Nueva Valencia del Rey3Valencia (island, southern Ireland) : alternate

Valentia; Irish Dairbhre (Valencia is a corrup-tion of Irish Béal Inse, the name of the soundbetween the island and the mainland.)

Valentia see (1) Valence; (2) 1,3ValenciaVale of Glamorgan (county, southern Wales) :

Welsh Bro Morgannwg (The county wasformed in 1996 in the historic region of Glam-organ. Welsh bro, “vale,” is the opposite ofbryn, “hill.”)

Valerian Way see ViaValga (town, southern Estonia) : alternate Lat-

vian Valka; to 1918 Russian Valk (The town lieson the border with Latvia.)

Valgravé see Souk EltnineValinhos see GuaraúnaValk see ValgaValka see ValgaValladolid see MoreliaValladolid de Santa María de Comayagua see

ComayaguaValle di Pompei see PompeiValley (village, northwestern Wales) : Welsh Y

FaliValley City (town, North Dakota, northern

United States) : to 1881 WorthingtonValley Junction see West Des MoinesValmiera (town, northern Latvia) : to 1917 Ger-

man WolmarValozhyn (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Rus-

sian Volozhin); 1919–1939 Polish Woùo∞yn; to1918 Russian Volozhin

Valparaíba see Cachoeira PaulistaValparaiso (city, Indiana, north central United

States) : originally Portersville

Valverde see MaoVanadzor (city, northern Armenia) : 1935–1992

Kirovakan; to 1935 KaraklisVan Buren (town, Arkansas, south central

United States) : to 1838 Phillips LandingVan Buren see KetteringVancouver (city, British Columbia, southwestern

Canada) : to 1886 GranvilleVanderheyden’s Ferry see 2TroyVan Diemen’s Land see TasmaniaVandsburg see Widcbork1Vanier (town, Quebec, eastern Canada) : to

1966 Quebec West or French Québec-Ouest2Vanier (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1969 EastviewVanilovo see Tsyurupy, imeniVannes (town, northwestern France) : Breton

GuenedVannovka see Turar RyskulovVannovsky see HamzaVanuatu (island republic, southwestern Pacific) :

to 1980 New Hebrides; alternate former FrenchNouvelles-Hébrides (The island territory wasnamed by the British in 1774 but gained itsjoint French name in 1906 when a condo-minium was set up.)

Vapincum see GapVaranasi (city, northeastern India) : formerly

BenaresVarapayeva (town, northwestern Belarus) : (Rus-

sian Voropayevo); 1919–1939 PolishWoropajewo; to 1918 Russian Voropayevo

Vara±din (city, central Croatia) : to 1867 GermanWarasdin

Varcar Vakuf see MrkonjiW-GradVarcna (town, southern Lithuania) : to 1920

Russian Orany (From 1920 to 1939 the townitself remained in Lithuania but its railroadstation, named Orany, was in Poland.)

Vardenis (town, eastern Armenia) : to 1969Basargechar

Varna (city, northeastern Bulgaria) : 1949–1956Stalin; ancient Greek Odessus

Varnsdorf (town, northern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1938–1945 German Warnsdorf

Varttirayiruppu see WatrapVasa see VaasaVasconia see (1) 1Basque Country; (2) Gas-

conyVasiliko see TsarevoVasil Levski (village, south central Bulgaria) : to

1934 MitizirovoVasil’yevsko-Shaytansky see Pervoural’skVasilyova Sloboda see ChkalovskVasilyovo see ChkalovskVasto (town, eastern Italy) : Roman Histonium

ValdemIrpils 216

Vasvár (town, western Hungary) : formerly Ger-man Eisenburg

Vathy see SamosVatq see SamosVatican (papal state, western Italy) : [Italian Vati-

cano]Vaticano see VaticanVatra Dornei (town, northern Romania) : to

1918 German Dorna WatraVaud (canton, western Switzerland) : German

WaadtVawkavysk (town, western Belarus) : (Russian

Volkovysk); 1919–1939 Polish Woùkowysk; to1918 Russian Volkovysk

Vayenga see SeveromorskVazovgrad see 1SopotVealtown see BernardsvilleVectis see Wight, Isle ofVedi (town, southern Armenia) : to c.1935

Beyuk-VediVedra see WearVeedersburg see 1AmsterdamVeglia see KrkVeii see Isola FarneseVejprty (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 German WeipertVeldes see BledVelenje (town, northern Slovenia) : formerly

Titovo VelenjeVeles (town, central Macedonia) : 1946–1991

Titov Veles; 1913–1946 Veles; to 1913 TurkishKöprülü

Velia see CastellammareVelika Kikinda see KikindaVelikaya Bagachka see Velyka BahachkaVelikaya Mikhaylovka see Velyka

MykhaylivkaVelikaya Novosyolka see Velyka NovosilkaVeliki BeVkerek see ZrenjaninVeliki Preslav (town, eastern Bulgaria) : formerly

Preslav; earlier Turkish Eski StambulVelikiye Mosty see Velyki MostyVelikoalekseyevsky see BaxtVelikooktyabr’sky (town, western Russia) : to

1941 PokrovskoyeVeliko TQrnovo (city, north central Bulgaria) : to

1965 TQrnovo; to 1878 Turkish TqrnovaVeliky Novgorod (city, western Russia) : to 1998

Novgorod; originally Scandinavian Holmgard(The city’s current name, distinguishing itfrom Nizhny Novgorod, derives from its me-dieval title Gospodin Veliky Novgorod, “LordGreat Novgorod.”)

Velingrad (city, southwestern Bulgaria) : to 1949Kamenitsa (The city was formed on the amalga-mation of Kamenitsa with two other villages.)

Velitrae see VelletriVelká Bíte§ (town, east central Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-BiteschVelká De§tná (mountain, northeastern Czech

Republic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Desch-naer Kuppe

Velké B†ezno (village, northern Czech Republic): to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Priesen

Velké Hamry (town, northern Czech Republic) :to 1918, 1939–1945 German Grosshammer

Velké Karlovice (village, eastern Czech Repub-lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Kar-lowitz

Vel’ké Kapu§any (town, eastern Slovakia) : to1938–1945 Hungarian Nagykapos

Velké Losiny (village, northeastern Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Ullersdorf

Velké Mezi†íVí (town, south central Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Meseritsch

Velké Opatovice (town, east central Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Opatowitz

Velké Pavlovice (town, southeastern Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Pawlowitz

Velké Popovice (village, central Czech Republic): to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Popowitz

Vel’ké Zálu±ie (village, southwestern Slovakia) :to 1948 Ujlak

Vel’kï Meder (town, southwestern Slovakia) :1948–1990 Talovo; to 1918, 1938–1945 Hun-garian Nagymegyer

Velkï ¶enov (town, northern Czech Republic) :to 1918, 1939–1945 German Gross-Schönau

Velletri (town, central Italy) : Roman VelitraeVelunia see CarridenVelvary (town, northwestern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German WelwarnVelyka Bahachka (town, west central Ukraine) :

(Russian Velikaya Bagachka); to 1925 Bahachka(Russian Bagachka)

Velyka Mykhaylivka (town, southern Ukraine) :(Russian Velikaya Mikhaylovka); to 1945Hrosulove (Russian Grosulovo)

Velyka Novosilka (town, southeastern Ukraine) :(Russian Velikaya Novosyolka); to 1946 VelykyyYanysol’ (Russian Bol’shoy Yanisol’)

Velyka Seydemynukha see Kalinins’keVelyki Mosty (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Velikiye Mosty); 1919–1939 Polish Mosty WielkieVelykyy Tokmak see TokmakVelykyy Yanysol’ see Velyka NovosilkaVenedig see VeniceVenetia see (1) Venezia; (2) Venice

217 Venetia

Venet-Ville see Souk Tleta LouladVenezia (historical region, northern Italy) :

Roman Venetia (The Italian name is now boththat of a province of the autonomous region ofVeneto and of its capital, the city of Venice.)

Venezia see VeniceVenezia Tridentina see Trentino-Alto AdigeVengrov see WdgrówVenice (city, northeastern Italy) : [Italian Vene-

zia]; 1815–1866 German Venedig; 1805–1815French Venise; 1797–1805 German Venedig;Roman Venetia

Venise see VeniceVenosa (town, southern Italy) : Roman VenusiaVenta Belgarum see 1WinchesterVenta Icenorum see Caistor St. EdmundVenta Silurum see CaerwentVentspils (city, western Latvia) : 1939–1945 Ger-

man Windau; to 1918 Russian VindavaVentura (city, California, southwestern United

States) : officially San BuenaventuraVenusia see VenosaVenustiano Carranza (town, southern Mexico) :

to 1934 San BartoloméVeracruz (city, east central Mexico) : originally

Villa Rica de la Vera CruzVeranópolis (town, southern Brazil) : to 1944

Alfredo ChavesVerbeia see WharfeVerblyud see ZernogradVercovicium see HousesteadsVerebély see VrábleVergel see Bom JardimVerin-Talin see TalinVerkhneavzyano-Petrovsk see Verkhny AvzyanVerkhnedvinsk see VyerkhnyadzvinskVerkhnesaldinsky Zavod see Verkhnyaya

SaldaVerkhneserginsky Zavod see Verkhniye SergiVerkhnetoretskoye see Verkhn’otorets’keVerkhneturinsky Zavod see Verkhnyaya TuraVerkhneudinsk see Ulan-UdeVerkhneufaleysky Zavod see Verkhny UfaleyVerkhneye Sinevidnoye see Verkhnye

Syn’ovydneVerkhniye Sergi (town, west central Russia) : to

1938 Verkhneserginsky ZavodVerkhn’otorets’ke (town, eastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Verkhnetoretskoye); to 1978 Skotuvata(Russian Skotovataya)

Verkhnya Khortytsya (town, southeasternUkraine) : (Russian Verkhnyaya Khortitsa); to1930s Khortytsya (Russian Khortitsa) (The townis now a suburb of Zaporizhzhya.)

Verkhny Avzyan (town, west central Russia) : to1942 Verkhneavzyano-Petrovsk

Verkhnyaya Kortitsa see Verkhnya KhortytsyaVerkhnyaya Pyshma (city, west central Russia) :

to 1946 PyshmaVerkhnyaya Salda (city, west central Russia) : to

1928 Verkhnesaldinsky ZavodVerkhnyaya Tura (town, west central Russia) : to

to c.1928 Verkhneturinsky ZavodVerkhny Dashkesan see Da£käsänVerkhnye Syn’ovydne (town, western Ukraine) :

(Russian Verkhneye Sinevidnoye); to 1946 Syn-o’vyds’ko Vyzhnye (Polish Synowódsko-Wy∞nie)

Verkhny Ufaley (city, west central Russia) : to1940 Verkhneufaleysky Zavod

Verkhovina see VerkhovynaVerkhovyna (town, southwestern Ukraine) :

(Russian Verkhovina); to 1962 Zhab’ye; 1919–1939 Polish Õabie

Verlucio see Sandy LaneVermilion (town, Alberta, west central Canada) :

to 1906 BreageVermilionville see LafayetteVermont (state, northeastern United States) :

originally New ConnecticutVernal (town, Utah, west central United States) :

to 1893 Ashley CenterVernon (city, British Columbia, southwestern

Canada) : 1885–1887 Centreville; originallyPriest’s Valley

Verny see AlmatyVéroia (town, northeastern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish Karaferya; biblical BereaVerro see VõruVershino-Darasunsky (town, eastern Russia) :

formerly DarasunVerteris see 4BroughVertis see WorcesterVerulamium see St. AlbansVerwoerdburg see CenturionVerzhbolovo see VirbalisVeselí nad Lu±nicí (town, southern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Wesselian der Lainsitz; earlier Frohenbruck an derLainsitz

Veselí nad Moravou (town, southeastern CzechRepublic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Wesselian der March

Vesnovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-man Kussen

Vesontio see BesançonVesuna see PérigueuxVesuvio see VesuviusVesuvius (volcano, southwestern Italy) : [Italian

Vesuvio]Veszprém (city, western Hungary) : to 1867 Ger-

man WesprimVetluzhsky (town, western Russia) : to 1960

Venet-Ville 218

Golyshi (This Vetluzhsky, northwest of Sharya,should not be confused with the one furthersouth, just north of Krasnyye Baki.)

Veurne (town, northwestern Belgium) : FrenchFurnes

Vevey (town, western Switzerland) : RomanVibiscum

Via : For ease of reference, Italy’s main Romanroads are grouped together here. The roadswere built to link Rome with the Roman prov-inces, so that “All roads lead to Rome.” TheEnglish equivalent name usually adds n to theLatin name followed by Way to translate Via,so that the first great road, the Via Appia, is theAppian Way. (Exceptions are the Via Latina, orLatin Way, Via Ostiensis, or Ostian Way, andthe Via Trajana, or Trajan Way.) Rome itselfhad the Via Sacra, or Sacred Way. For roadroutes, see either a map of Roman Italy, as inMuir’s Historical Atlas: Ancient and Classical,plates 12–13, or a written description, as inHornblower and Spawforth, pp. 1594–6 (seeBibliography, p. 255).

Via Aemilia, Via Annia, Via Appia, Via Au-relia, Via Cassia, Via Clodia, Via Domitia, ViaFlaminia, Via Julia, Via Labicana, Via Latina,Via Ostiensis, Via Popilia, Via Postumia, ViaSalaria, Via Trajana, Via Valeria

Vialar see TissemsiltVibiscum see VeveyViborg see VyborgVibo Valentia (town, southern Italy) : to 1928

Monteleone di Calabria; Roman Vibo Valentia;earlier Roman Hipponium (The town’s presentname is a deliberate revival of the Romanname.)

Vicente Guerrero (town, central Mexico) : to1940 San Pablo del Monte

Vicente Noble (town, southwestern DominicanRepublic) : to 1943 Alpargatal

Vicentia see VicenzaVicenza (city, northeastern Italy) : Roman Vicen-

tiaVich (town, northeastern Spain) : Roman Vicus

Ausonensis; earlier Roman AusaVichy (town, central France) : Roman Vicus

CalidusVictor Hugo see Hamadia1Victoria (state, southeastern Australia) : to 1851

Port Phillip District2Victoria (city, British Columbia,

southwestern Canada) : formerly Fort Victoria;originally Fort Camosun

Victoria see (1) Labuan; (2) LimbeVictoria, Lake (east central Africa) : alternate

Victoria Nyanza

Victoria, Mt. see TomaniviVictoriacum see VitoriaVictoria Falls (southern Zambia/northwestern

Zimbabwe) : locally Mosi-oa-Tunya (The localname applies only to the falls, not to the townof Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.)

Victoria Nyanza see Victoria, LakeVictoriaville (town, Quebec, southeastern

Canada) : to 1861 DemersvilleVicus Ausonensis see VichVicus Calidus see VichyVicus Elbii see ViterboVicus Julii see Aire-sur-l’AdourVideira (city, southern Brazil) : to 1944 PerdizesVidin (city, northwestern Bulgaria) : Roman

BononiaVidnoye (city, western Russia) : to 1965 Rastor-

guyevoVienna (city, eastern Austria) : to 1918 Hungar-

ian Bécs; 1806–1867 German Wien; RomanVindobona (English has adopted the Italianform of the city’s name, although Vienna wasnever part of Italy. The distinctive Hungarianname is of Turkish origin.)

Vienna see VienneVienne (town, southeastern France) : Roman

ViennaVierwaldstätter See see Lucerne, LakeViesnte (town, southern Latvia) : to 1917 German

EckengrafVievis (town, southeastern Lithuania) : 1919–

1930 Polish Jewie; to 1918 Russian Yev’yeVigia see AlmanaraViipuri see VyborgVijni´a see VyzhnytsyaViktorovka see TaranovskoyeVila see Port-VilaVila Adolfo see CatanduvaVila Alferes Chamusca see (1) Chókwé;

(2) GuijáVila Arriaga see BibalaVila Bugaço see CamanongueVila Cabral see LichingaVila Coutinho see UlongueVila da Ponte see KuvangoVila de Albuquerque see MarianaVila de Aljustrel see CangambaVila de Almoster see ChiangeVila de João Belo see Xai-XaiVila de São José do Paraíba see São José dos

CamposVila de São José do Sul see São José dos Cam-

posVila Fontes see CaiaVila Formosa de Nossa Senhora do Destêrro

de Jundiaí see Jundiaí

219 Vila Formosa de Nossa Senhora

Vila General Machado see CamacupaVilágos see ßiriaVila Gouveia see CatandicaVila Henrique de Carvalho see SaurimoVi laka (town, eastern Latvia) : to 1917 German

MarienhausenVila Luísa see MarracueneVila Marechal Carmona see UígeVila Mariano Machado see GandaVila Nova see Tchikala-TcholohangaVila Nova da Constituição see PiracicabaVila Nova de Gaza see Xai-XaiVila Nova de São José see São José dos Cam-

posVila Nova do Seles see UkuVila Paiva de Andrada see GorongosaVila Pereira de Eça see OndjivaVila Pery see (1) Chimoio; (2) ManicaVila Rica see Ouro PrêtoVila Rica de Oropesa see HuancavelicaVila Robert Williams see CaálaVila Salazar see (1) N’dalatando; (2) SangoVila Teixeira da Silva see BailundoVila Teixeira de Sousa see LuauVila Trigo de Morais see ChókwéVileyka (town, northwestern Belarus) : 1919–

1939 Polish WilejkaViljandi (town, southern Estonia) : (Russian

Vil’yandi); to 1918 German FellinVilkavishkis see Vilkavi§kisVilkavi§kis (town, southwestern Lithuania) :

(Russian Vilkavishkis); to 1918 Russian Volko-vyshki

Vilkomir see UkmergcVilla Alba see General San MartínVilla Americana see AmericanaVilla Bella see (1) Ilhabela; (2) Serra TalhadaVilla Bens see TarfayaVilla Canales (town, south central Guatemala) :

to 1921 Pueblo Viejo (The town is now part ofGuatemala City metropolitan area.)

Villa Cisneros see DakhlaVilla Corregidora see El PueblitoVilla da Barra see ManausVilla de Carrión see AtlixcoVilla de Cecilia see Ciudad MaderoVilla de María (town, central Argentina) : to

c.1945 Río SecoVilla de Oropeza see CochabambaVilla de San Antonio del Camino see MerloVilla de Santa Catalina del Guadalcázar del

Valle de Moquegua see MoqueguaVilla do Forte da Assumpção see FortalezaVilla Felipe II see VillahermosaVilla General Pérez (town, western Bolivia) : to

1930s Charazani

Villaggio Mussolini see ArboreaVillahermosa (city, southeastern Mexico) : to

1915 San Juan Bautista; originally Villa FelipeII

Villa Hidalgo see Ciudad HidalgoVilla Juárez see Ciudad ManteVilla Nueva see San JoséVilla Real da Praia Grande see NiteróiVilla Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de

Asis see Santa FeVilla Rica de la Vera Cruz see VeracruzVillarreal de Chiapa de los Españoles see San

Cristóbal de las CasasVilla Sanjurjo see Al HoceimaVilla Santa Cruz de Triana see RancaguaVilla Serrano (town, southern Bolivia) : to 1940s

PescadoVillavieja see HerediaVilebois see Villebois-LavaletteVillebois-Lavalette (town, western France) : to

1622 Villebois (In the year stated the townadded the name of a famous admiral.)

Ville-Marie-de-Montréal see MontrealVillmanstrand see LappeenrantaVil’na see VilniusVilnius (city, southeastern Lithuania) : (Russian

Vil’nyus); 1919–1939 Polish Wilno; to 1918 Rus-sian Vil’na

Vil’nyans’k (town, east central Ukraine) : (Rus-sian Vol’nyansk); 1935–1966 Chervonoarmiys’ke(Russian Chervonoarmeyskoye); to 1935 Sofi-yivka (Russian Sofiyevka) (The Russian equiva-lent of the Ukrainian name, Krasnoarmeyskoye,was used from 1935 to 1944.)

Vil’nyus see VilniusVilvoorde (town, northern Belgium) : French

VilvordeVilvorde see VilvoordeVil’yandi see ViljandiViminacium see KostolacVindava see VentspilsVindobona see ViennaVindomora see EbchesterVindonissa see WindischVinegaroon see LangtryVinkovci (city, eastern Croatia) : to 1867 Ger-

man WinkowczeVinnitsa see VinnytsyaVinnytsya (city, west central Ukraine) : (Russian

Vinnitsa); to 1918 Russian VinnitsaVinodel’noye see IpatovoVinogradnoye (village, southwestern Russia) : to

1944 German Gnadenburg (The village was inthe former Volga German Autonomous SovietSocialist Republic.)

Vinogradov see Vynohradiv

Vila General Machado 220

Vipiteno (town, northeastern Italy) : to 1918German Sterzing

Viranteke see Kapitan AndreevoVirbalis (town, southwestern Lithuania) : to 1918

Russian VerzhbolovoVirden (town, Manitoba, southern Canada) :

formerly Manchester; to 1882 Gopher CreekVirgilio (town, northern Italy) : Roman AndesVirginia (town, northern Ireland) : Irish Achadh

an IúirVirgin Islands (northeastern West Indies) : orig-

inally Spanish Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Vir-gines (The islands are now politically dividedinto the British Virgin Islands and the VirginIslands of the United States.)

Virgin Islands of the United States (northeast-ern West Indies) : to 1917 Danish West Indies

Viroconium see WroxeterVirovitica (town, central Croatia) : to 1867 Ger-

man WirowititzVirunga (mountain range, east central Africa) :

alternate M’fumbiro (The range, mainly in theDemocratic Republic of the Congo, but ex-tending east into Rwanda, Burundi, andUganda, is usually known in the latter countryby the alternate name.)

Virunga National Park (eastern Democratic Re-public of the Congo) : to 1972 Albert NationalPark (The formal French name is Parc Na-tional des Virunga.)

Vis (island, southwestern Croatia) : to 1918 Ital-ian Lissa

Visaginas (city, eastern Lithuania) : to 1992SnieVkus

Visconde do Rio Branco (town, southeasternBrazil) : to 1944 Rio Branco

Visé (town, eastern Belgium) : Flemish WezetVishnyovka see ArshalyVishnyovoye see VyshneveVislinsky Zaliv see Vistula LagoonVistula (river, central Poland) : [Polish Wisùa]; to

1918, 1939–1945 German WeichselVistula Lagoon (northern Poland/western Rus-

sia) : [Polish Zalew Wi¢lany, Russian VislinskyZaliv]; to 1945 German Frisches Haff

Vitebsk see VitsyebskViterbo (city, central Italy) : Roman Vicus ElbiiVitkovice (town, northeastern Czech Republic) :

to 1918 German Witkowitz (The town is now adistrict of Ostrava.)

Vitodurum see WinterthurVitoria (city, northeastern Spain) : Medieval

Latin VictoriacumVitória see Vitória de Santo AntãoVitória da Conquista (city, northeastern Brazil)

: to 1891 Conquista

Vitória de Santo Antão (city, northeasternBrazil) : to 1944 Vítoria

Vitória do Alto Parnaíba see Alto ParnaíbaVitória do Baixo Mearim see Vitória do

MearimVitória do Mearim (city, northeastern Brazil) :

1944–1948 Baixo Mearim; to 1944 Vitória doBaixo Mearim

Vitsyebsk (city, northeastern Belarus) : (RussianVitebsk); to 1918 Russian Vitebsk

Vittorio see Vittorio VenetoVittoriosa (town, eastern Malta) : formerly BirguVittorio Veneto (town, northeastern Italy) : to

1923 VittorioVizcaya (province, northern Spain) : formerly

English Biscay (The former English name isstill current for the great bay that is named forthe province. See Biscay, Bay of.)

Vizhnitsa see VyzhnytsyaVlaanderen see FlandersVladikavkaz (city, southwestern Russia) : 1954–

1990 Ordzhonikidze; 1944–1954 Dzaudzhikau;1931–1944 Ordzhonikidze

Vladimira Il’icha Lenina, imeni (town, westernRussia) : to c.1938 Rumyantsevo

Vladimirovka see Yuzhno-SakhalinskVladimir-Volynsky see Volodymyr-Volyns’kyyVladislavovas see Kudirkos NaumiestisVla§ím (town, central Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German WlaschimVlasovo-Ayuta see AyutinskyVlissingen (town, southwestern Netherlands) :

dated English Flushing (The English name isassociated with the seaport’s strategic locationand the many battles there.)

Vlorë (city, southwestern Albania) : to 1913Turkish Avlonya; ancient Greek Aulon

Vlotslavek see WùocùawekVltava (river, west central Czech Republic) : to

1918 German MoldauV.M. Molotova, imeni see 3Oktyabr’skyVodena see EdessaVodnjan (town, western Croatia) : 1918–1945

Italian Dignano d’Istria; Roman AttinianumVodop’yanovo see 2DonskoyeVogelkop see DoberaiVolaterrae see VolterraVolcei see BuccinoVolga (river, western Russia) : ancient Greek RhaVolga-Baltic Waterway (western Russia) : to

1964 Mariinsk Water System (The network ofrivers and canals linking the Volga River withthe Baltic Sea was officially renamed Volgo-Baltiysky Vodny Put’ imeni V.I. Lenina.)

Volgograd (city, southwestern Russia) : 1925–1961 Stalingrad; to 1925 Tsaritsyn (The former

221 Volgograd

Russian name is preserved in history for thelong and bloody battle of 1942–43 whichfinally brought Soviet victory over the Germanoccupying army.)

Volhynia (region, eastern Europe) : [Ukrainianand Russian Volyn’; Polish Woùyü] (The nameof the historical region is now that of a westernprovince of Ukraine.)

Volkhov (city, western Russia) : 1936–1940Volkhovstroy; 1927–1936 Zvanka; 1923–1927Volkhov; to 1923 Gostinopolye

Volkhovstroy see VolkhovVolkovyshki see Vilkavi§kisVolkovysk see VawkavyskVolney see FultonVol’nyansk see Vil’nyans’kVolodarskoye see Saumalkol’Volodymyr-Volyns’kyy (town, northwestern

Ukraine) : (Russian Vladimir-Volynsky); 1919–1939 Polish Wùodzimierz

Volos (city, eastern Greece) : ancient Greek IolcusVolozhin see ValozhynVolsinii see BolsenaVolta Blanche see NakambeVolterra (town, western Italy) : Roman VolaterraeVolunteer Island see Starbuck IslandVolyn’ see VolhyniaVolzhsk (city, western Russia) : to 1940 LopatinoVondri§el (village, east central Slovakia) : 1948–

1990 Nálepkovo; to 1918 Hungarian Merény; to1867 German Wagendrüssel

Vorontsovka see TashirVorontsovo-Aleksandrovskoye see Zeleno-

kumskVoropayevo see VarapayevaVoroshilov see UssuriyskVoroshilovabad see KalininVoroshilovgrad see Luhans’kVoroshilovsk see (1) Alchevs’k; (2) Stavropol’Voroshylovhrad see Luhans’kVoroshylovs’k see Alchevs’kVorovskogo, imeni (town, western Russia) : to

1941 Khrapunovo (The town should not beconfused with the identically named smallertown near Gus’-Khrustal’ny, to the east.)

Vorst see ForestVõru (town, southeastern Estonia) : (Russian

Vyru); to 1918 Russian VerroVose (town, southwestern Tajikistan) : c.1935–

c.1960 Kolkhozobod (Russian Kolkhozabad ); toc.1935 Paituk

Voskresenovka see 2Oktyabr’skyVoskresensk see IstraVoskresenskoye see KirovoVostochny (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945

Japanese Motodomari

Votyak Autonomous Oblast see Udmurt Re-public

Voznesenskaya Manufaktura see 1Krasno-armeysk

Voznesensky see Krasny Oktyabr’Vráble (town, southwestern Slovakia) : to 1918,

1938–1945 Hungarian VerebélyVraça see VratsaVrakhóri see AgrínionVranov nad Topl’ou (city, eastern Slovakia) : to

1918 Hungarian TapolyvarannóVratsa (city, northwestern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish VraçaVrbas (town, northern Serbia) : formerly Titov

Vrbas; to 1918, 1941–1944 Hungarian Újverbász(The Hungarian name properly applies to NoviVrbas, “New Vrbas,” not Stari Vrbas, Hungar-ian Overbász, “Old Vrbas,” across the Danube-Risza canal.)

Vrbno pod Pradfidem (town, eastern Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Würben-thal

Vrchlabí (town, northern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1938–1945 German Hohenelbe

Vrchnika (town, western Slovenia) : to 1918 Ger-man Oberlaibach; Roman Nauportus

Vr§ac (city, northeastern Serbia) : to 1918 Ger-man Werschetz

Vrútky (town, northwestern Slovakia) : to 1918Hungarian Ruttka; to 1867 German Ruttek(The town is now a district of the city of Mar-tin.)

Vsekhsvyatskoye see Sarykol’Vsetín (city, eastern Czech Republic) : to 1918,

1939–1945 German WsetinVuhlehirs’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Uglegorsk); to 1958 Khatsapetivka (RussianKhatsapetovka)

Vukovar (city, eastern Croatia) : to 1867 GermanWukowar

V≠lkova Slatina see Doktor YosifovoVyatka (city, western Russia) : 1934–1991 Kirov;

to 1780 KhlynovVyborg (city, northwestern Russia) : 1918–1940

Finnish Viipuri; originally Swedish ViborgVyerkhnyadzvinsk (town, northern Belarus) :

(Russian Verkhnedvinsk); to 1962 DrissaVygoda see VyhodaVyhoda (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian Vy-

goda); to 1939 Polish WygodaVynohradiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Vinogradov); 1944–1945 Czech Sevlu§ (RussianSevlyush); 1939–1944 Hungarian Nagyszöllös;1919–1938 Czech Sevlu§; to 1918 HungarianNagyszöllös

Vyru see Võru

Volhynia 222

Vyshneve (town, east central Ukraine) : (RussianVishnyovoye); to 1961 Erastivka (Russian Eras-tovka)

Vy§kov (town, southeastern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1939–1945 German Wischau

Vysokaye (town, southwestern Belarus) : (Rus-sian Vysokoye); 1919–1939 Polish WysokieLitewskie; to 1918 Russian Vysoko-Litovsk

Vysoké Mï to (town, central Czech Republic) :to 1918, 1939–1945 German Hohenmauth

Vysoké nad Jizerou (town, northern Czech Re-public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Hoch-stadt

Vysoko-Litovsk see VysokayeVysokoye see VysokayeVysotsk (town, northwestern Russia) : to 1948

Finnish Uuras (The town passed from Finlandto the USSR in 1940 but retained its Finnishname until 1948.)

Vy§§í Brod (village, southern Czech Republic) :to 1918, 1939–1945 German Hohenfurth

Vyzhnytsya (town, western Ukraine) : (RussianVizhnitsa), 1919–1940 Romanian Vijni´a; to1918 German Wiznitz

1Vzmor’ye (village, western Russia) : to 1945German Grossheidekrug

2Vzmor’ye (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Shiraura

Waadt see VaudWaag-Bistritz see Pova±ská BystricaWaag-Neustadt see Nové Mesto nad VáhomWRbrzeØno (town, northern Poland) : 1772–

1919, 1939–1945 German BriesenWadhwan see SurendranagarWadowice (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945

German Frauenstadt; 18th–19th century, 1939–1940 German Wadowitz

Wadowitz see WadowiceWadsworth see RivertonWagendrüssel see Vondri§elWRgrowiec (town, west central Poland) : 1793–

1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Wongro-witz

Wagstadt see BílovecWahlstatt see Legnickie PoleWaihou (river, northern New Zealand) : for-

merly Thames (The earlier name is preservedin the town of Thames at the river’s mouth.)

Wainwright (town, Alberta, west centralCanada) : to 1909 Denwood

Wairoa (town, northeastern New Zealand) : for-merly Clyde

Wairoa see WaverleyWaitzen see VácWakatu see 1NelsonWakeham see Kangiqsujuaq

Waùbrzych (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945German Waldenburg

Waùcz (town, northwestern Poland) : 1772–1919,1939–1945 German Deutsch-Krone

Waldau see NizovyeWaldenburg see WaùbrzychWales (principality, western Great Britain) :

Welsh Cymru; Roman CambriaWalker Town see WalkervilleWalkerville (town, Ontario, southeastern Can-

ada) : to 1858 Walker Town (In 1935 the townwas annexed to the city of Windsor.)

Wall (village, central England) : Roman Letoce-tum. (The nearby town of Lichfield took theLich- of its name from the Roman name, itselffrom Celtic words meaning “gray wood,”adding Old English feld, modern -field, tomean “open land.”)

Wallaceburg (town, Ontario, southeasternCanada) : originally The Forks

Wallachia (region, southern Romania) : [Ro-manian Valahia]

Wallachisch-Meseritsch see Vala§ské Mezi†íVíWalla Walla (city, Washington, northwestern

United States) : to 1862 SteptoevilleWallingford (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1670 East RiverWallis Plains see MaitlandWallonia (region, southern Belgium) : [French

Wallonie]Wallonie see WalloniaWallsend (town, northeastern England) : Roman

Segedunum (The town lies at the eastern end ofthe Roman wall known as Hadrian’s Wall.)

Walnut City see Arkansas CityWalnut Creek (city, California, western United

States) : to 1860 The CornersWanganui (city, north central New Zealand) : to

1845 PetreWangerin see WdgorzynoWangkü see Chang’anWankie see HwangeWansen see WiRzówWantland’s Ferry see 2JacksonvilleWarasdin see Vara±dinWardsesson see 2BloomfieldWaremme (town, east central Belgium) : Flemish

BorgwormWarmbad see Bela-BelaWarmbaths see Bela-BelaWarner Robins (city, Georgia, southeastern

United States) : formerly Wellston (The origi-nal village was renamed when Robins AirForce base was established nearby in 1943.)

Warnsdorf see Varnsdorf1Warren (city, Michigan, north central United

223 Warren

States) : 1838–1839 Alba; originally Hickory(The city is now a suburb of Detroit.)

2Warren (town, Massachusetts, northeasternUnited States) : to 1834 Western

Warsaw (city, east central Poland) : [PolishWarszawa]; 1795–1807, 1939–1945 GermanWarschau

Warschau see WarsawWarszawa see WarsawWartenburg see BarczewoWartha see BardoWarthbrücken see KoùoWarthenau see ZawiercieWascana see ReginaWaset see Thebes1Washington (town, North Carolina, eastern

United States) : to 1776 Forks of Tar River2Washington (town, Pennsylvania, northeastern

United States) : to 1781 Bassett-town; originallyCatfish’s Camp

Washington see (1) Macomb; (2) PiquaWashington Court House see FayettevilleWashington Island see TerainaWashington’s Furnace see 1LakewoodWaskaganish (village, Quebec, eastern Canada) :

formerly Fort-Rupert; earlier Fort-St.-Jacques;originally Fort-Charles

WRsosz (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-man Herrnstadt

Watenstedt-Salzgitter see SalzgitterWater Eaton (village, central England) : Roman

Pennocrucium (This Water Eaton, near Penk-ridge, should not be confused with two othervillages of the same name, the first now part ofthe town of Bletchley, the other near Oxford.)

Waterford (town, southeastern Ireland) : IrishPort Láirge

Waterloo (city, Iowa, north central UnitedStates) : to 1851 Prairie Rapids

Waterloo see AustinWaterman Junction see BarstowWatertown (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1780 WestburyWatertown see WethersfieldWaterville (town, southwestern Ireland) : Irish

An CoireánWatkins Glen (village, New York, northeastern

United States) : to 1852 JeffersonWatling Island see 1San SalvadorWatrap (town, southeastern India) : to early

1920s VarttirayiruppuWatts (town, California, southwestern United

States) : to 1900 Mud Town (The town is nowa district of Los Angeles.)

Waukegan (city, Illinois, north central UnitedStates) : to 1849 Little Fort

Waukesha (city, Wisconsin, north central UnitedStates) : originally Prairieville

Wausau (city, Wisconsin, north central UnitedStates) : to 1872 Big Bull Falls

Waver see WavreWaverley (town, north central New Zealand) :

formerly Wairoa (The earlier Maori name waschanged as it already existed for Wairoa,among other places.)

Wavre (town, central Belgium) : Flemish WaverWavre-Ste.-Catherine see Sint-Katelijne-

WaverWayne (village, Ohio, north central United

States) : to 1931 FreeportWaynesboro (town, Virginia, eastern United

States) : to 1801 TeesvilleWear (river, northeastern England) : Roman

VedraWebster City (town, Iowa, north central United

States) : to 1856 NewcastleWedgeport (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada)

: to 1909 Tusket WedgeWdgliniec (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German KohlfurtWdgorzewo (town, northern Poland) : to 1945

German AngerburgWdgorzyno (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German WangerinWdgrów (town, eastern Poland) : to 1915 Russian

VengrovWehlau see ZnamenskWeichsel see VistulaWeipert see VejprtyWeissenburg see Alba IuliaWeissenfels see Fusine in ValromanaWeissenstein see PaideWeisskirchen see Bela CrkvaWeiss-stein see Biaùy KamieüWeisswasser see Bfilá pod BezdfizemWeistritz see BystrzycaWejherowo (town, northern Poland) : 1772–1919,

1939–1945 German Neustadt in WestpreussenWekelsdorf see Teplice nad MetujíWekwetì (village, Northwest Territories, north-

ern Canada) : to 1999 Snare LakesWelfare Island see Roosevelt IslandWelland (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

1842–1856 Merrittsville; to 1842 The AqueductWellington (city, central New Zealand) : origi-

nally Port Nicholson (The original name is pre-served for the harbor here, also known asWellington Harbour, much as Sydney, Aus-tralia, surrounds Port Jackson, itself alternatelyknown as Sydney Harbour.)

Wellsburg (town, West Virginia, east centralUnited States) : to 1816 Charles Town

Warren 224

Wellsford (village, northern New Zealand) :Maori Whakapirau

Wellston see Warner RobinsWels (city, north central Austria) : Roman

OvilavaWelshpool (town, eastern Wales) : Welsh Y

TrallwngWelsh St. Donats (village, southern Wales) :

Welsh Llanddunwyd (The first word of thename distinguishes this village, historically in amanor subject to Welsh law, from St. Donats,some 8 miles to the southwest.)

Welungen see WieluüWelwarn see VelvaryWelwitschia see KhorixasWenden see C`sisWenvoe (village, southern Wales) : Welsh GwenfôWerschetz see Vr§acWesenberg see RakvereWeseritz see Bezdru±iceWesermünde see BremerhavenWesleyville (village, Newfoundland and Labra-

dor, eastern Canada) : to 1884 Coal HarbourWesprim see VeszprémWesseli an der Lainsitz see Veselí nad Lu±nicíWesseli an der March see Veselí nad MoravouWest Allis (city, Wisconsin, north central United

States) : 1880–1902 North Greenfield; originallyHoney Creek (The city is now a suburb of Mil-waukee.)

Westbourne see ZanesvilleWestbury see WatertownWest Cambridge see 2ArlingtonWest Columbia (town, South Carolina, south-

eastern United States) : to 1938 New BrooklandWest Des Moines (city, Iowa, north central

United States) : to 1938 Valley JunctionWestern (province, western Zambia) : to 1969

Barotseland (The province’s present name washeld earlier by Copperbelt province, to thenorth.)

Western see 2WarrenWestern Isles (northwestern Scotland) : Gaelic

Eilean Siar; alternate Outer Hebrides (The is-lands, part of the Hebrides, bear the full for-mal Gaelic name Na h-Eileanan an Iar.)

Western Sahara (territory, northwestern Africa) :1958–1976 Spanish Sahara

Western Samoa see SamoaWestfalen see WestphaliaWest Hammond see Calumet CityWest Hanover see MorristownWest Hartford (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1806 West SocietyWest Hoosac see WilliamstownWest Irian Jaya see West Papua

West Lafayette (city, Indiana, north centralUnited States) : 1866–1888 Chauncey; to 1866Kingston

West Lake see KageraWest Lothian (administrative region, southeast-

ern Scotland) : formerly LinlithgowshireWest Maitland see MaitlandWestmeath (county, north central Ireland) : Irish

An IarmhíWest Memphis (city, Arkansas, south central

United States) : to 1927 Bragg’s SpurWeston under Penyard (village, west central En-

gland) : Roman AriconiumWest Orange (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : originally FairmountWest Papua (province, eastern Indonesia) : to

2007 West Irian Jaya (In 2003 the western partof the province of Papua was demarcated asthe new province of Irian Jaya Barat, or WestIrian Jaya. In 2007 it was renamed PapuaBarat, or West Papua.)

Westphalia (region, western Germany) : [Ger-man Westfalen]

West Point see ApalachicolaWestport (town, western Ireland) : Irish Cathair

na MartWestport Landing see 1Kansas CityWest’s Corner see MilvertonWest Seekonk see East ProvidenceWest Seneca (town, New York, northeastern

United States) : to 1852 SenecaWest Shefford see BromontWest Society see West HartfordWest Wyalong (town, New South Wales, south-

eastern Australia) : originally Main CampWethersfield (town, Connecticut, northeastern

United States) : to 1637 WatertownWexford (town, southeastern Ireland) : Irish

Loch GarmanWhakapirau see WellsfordWhale Cove (village, Nunavut, north central

Canada) : alternate Inuit TikirarjuaqWhapmagoostui see KuujjuarapikWharfe (river, northern England) : Roman Ver-

beia (The Roman name may also have beenthat of the fort at Ilkley, on this river.)

Whatcom see BellinghamWha Ti (village, Northwest Territories, northern

Canada) : to 1999 Lac la MartreWhitby (town, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :

to 1855 Perry’s Corners1Whitchurch (town, western England) : Roman

Mediolanum2Whitchurch (village, southeastern Wales) :

Welsh Yr Eglwys Newydd (The village is now adistrict of the city of Cardiff.)

225 Whitchurch

3Whitchurch (village, southwestern Wales) :Welsh Tre-groes

White Nile (river, southern Sudan) : [ArabicBa∏r al-Abyaö]

White Russia see BelarusWhite’s Fort see KnoxvilleWhite Sulphur Springs see SearcyWhite Valley see LumbyWhite Volta see NakambeWhitford (village, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

ChwitfforddWhitland (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Hendy-gwynWhitman (town, Massachusetts, northeastern

United States) : to 1886 South AbingtonWhyalla (city, South Australia, southern Aus-

tralia) : to 1920 Hummock HillWhydah see OuidahWiRzów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German WansenWick (village, southern Wales) : Welsh Y WigWicklow (town, eastern Ireland) : Irish Cill

MhantáinWidder Station see ThedfordWidcbork (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German VandsburgWielbark (town, northeastern Poland) : to 1945

German WillenbergWieleü (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German FilehneWieliczka (town, southern Poland) : 1940–1945

German Gross-SalzeWielka Wie¢ (town, southern Poland) : 1772–

1919, 1939–1945 German Grossendorf beiPutzig (The district of Wùadisùawowo wasnamed Hallerowo from 1919 to 1939.)

Wieluü (town, south central Poland) : 1940–1945 German Welungen

Wien see ViennaWierzchowo (village, northern Poland) : 1772–

1807, 1815–1945 German FirchauWiesbaden (city, western Germany) : Roman

Aquae MattiacaeWieselburg see MosonWiesengrund see Dob†anyWietstock see WysokaWietz see WitnicaWight, Isle of (southern England) : Roman Vec-

tisWildenschwert see Ústi nad OrlicíWildersburgh see BarreWilds see 2FlorenceWilejka see VileykaWilhelmina Top see TrikoraWilhelm-Pieck-Stadt see GubenWillenberg see Wielbark

William Henry see SorelWilliamsburg (town, Virginia, eastern United

States) : to 1699 Middle PlantationWilliamsburg see RockvilleWilliams Landing see GreenwoodWiliamstown (town, Massachusetts, northeast-

ern United States) : to 1765 West HoosacWillingboro (town, New Jersey, northeastern

United States) : 1959–1963 Levittown1Williston (town, North Dakota, northern

United States) : originally Little Muddy2Williston (town, southwestern South Africa) :

to 1919 AmandelboomWillmore City see Long BeachWill’s Creek see CumberlandWillyama see Broken Hill1Wilmington (city, Delaware, northeastern

United States) : 1655–1739 Altena; earlier FortChristina

2Wilmington (city, North Carolina, easternUnited States) : originally New Town

Wilno see VilniusWiltwyck see 1Kingston1Winchester (city, southern England) : Roman

Venta Belgarum2Winchester (city, Virginia, eastern United

States) : to 1752 FredericktownWindau see VentspilsWindisch (town, northern Switzerland) : Roman

VindonissaWindisch-Feistritz see Ilirska BistricaWindischgrätz see Slovenj GradecWindscale see Sellafield1Windsor (town, south central England) :

officially New Windsor (The town grew up byWindsor Castle, built near the original Wind-sor, now contrastingly named Old Windsor.)

2Windsor (town, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada) :to 1764 Pisiquid

3Windsor (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada) :to 1836 Richmond; originally The Ferry

Wing’s Falls see Glens FallsWinkowcze see VinkovciWinnebago Rapids see NeenahWinnipeg (city, Manitoba, southern Canada) :

to 1835 Fort Garry (This and earlier forts onthe site formed the nucleus of the new city, in-corporated in 1873.)

Winona (city, Minnesota, north central UnitedStates) : originally Montezuma

Wiüsko (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945German Winzig

Winter Haven (city, Florida, southeasternUnited States) : to 1884 Harris’ Corner

Winter Park (city, Florida, southeastern UnitedStates) : 1870–1881 Osceola; originally Lakeview

Whitchurch 226

Winterthur (city, northern Switzerland) :Roman Vitodurum

Winton (town, Queensland, east central Aus-tralia) : originally Pelican Waterholes

Wintonbury see 1BloomfieldWinzig see WiüskoWirbeln see ZhavoronkovoWirowititz see ViroviticaWirsitz see WyrzyskWischau see Vy§kovWisconsin Dells (town, Wisconsin, northern

United States) : to 1931 KilbournWisconsin Rapids (city, Wisconsin, northern

United States) : to 1920 Grand Rapids (GrandRapids and Centralia, either side of the Wis-consin River, were consolidated in 1900.)

Wise (town, Virginia, eastern United States) : to1924 Gladville; originally Big Glades

Wisùa see VistulaWiston (village, southwestern Wales) : Welsh

Cas-wisWitkowitz see VitkoviceWitkowo (town, west central Poland) : 1939–

1945 German WittingenWitnica (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man WietzWitsieshoek see PhuthaditjhabaWittenberg see NivenskoyeWittingau see T†eboûWittingen see WitkowoWitwatersrand (rocky ridge, northeastern South

Africa) : popularly The RandWiznitz see VyzhnytsyaWùadysùawów see NaumiestisWùadisùawowo see Wielka Wie¢Wlaschim see Vla§ímWleü (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German LähnWùocùawek (city, north central Poland) : 1939–

1945 German Leslau; 1815–1915 Russian Vlot-slavek

Wùodzimierz see Volodymyr-Volyns’kyyWodzisùaw ¡lRski (city, southern Poland) :

1939–1945 German LoslauWohlau see WolówWoùczyn (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man KonstadtWoldenberg see DobiegniewWolframs-Eschenbach (town, southwestern

Germany) : to 1917 Eschenbach (The presentname does not derive from a merger with an-other town but from the addition of the nameof the medieval poet Wolfram von Eschen-bach, who was born here.)

Wolf ’s Castle (village, southwestern Wales) :Welsh Cas-blaidd

Wolin (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945German Wollin

Woùkowysk see VawkavyskWollin see WolinWollstein see WolsztynWolmar see ValmieraWolów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German WohlauWoùo∞yn see ValozhynWolsztyn (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German WollsteinWoùyü see VolhyniaWongrowitz see WRgrowiecWoodbridge (town, Ontario, southeastern Can-

ada) : to 1854 Burwick (In 1971 Woodbridgemerged with the town of Vaughan.)

Woodburn (town, Indiana, north central UnitedStates) : to 1936 Shirley City

Woodland (city, California, western UnitedStates) : to 1859 Yolo City

Woodland Hills (town, California, southwesternUnited States) : to 1941 Girard (The town isnow a suburban section of Los Angeles.)

Woodstock (city, Ontario, southeastern Canada): originally Oxford

Worcester (city, west central England) : RomanVertis (The precise name of the originalRoman town is tentative, as in fact is itsidentification with the modern city.)

Worcester see MarquetteWormditt see OrnetaWorms (city, southwestern Germany) : Roman

Augusta Vangionum; Celtic BorbetomagusWoropajewo see VarapayevaWorthington see Valley CityWrecsam see WrexhamWrekin, The see Telford and WrekinWreschen see Wrze¢niaWrexham (town, northeastern Wales) : Welsh

WrecsamWright’s Ferry see 2ColumbiaWrightstown see 2HullWrigley (village, Northwest Territories, north-

western Canada) : alternate Inuit TthedzehKoe

Wrocùaw (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945German Breslau

Wroxeter (village, western England) : Roman Vi-roconium; alternate Roman Uriconium (TheRoman name may have originally been that ofthe fort on the Wrekin, a nearby hill.)

Wrze¢nia (town, west central Poland) : 1793–1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Wreschen

Wrzeszcz (town, northern Poland) : 1793–1945German Langfuhr (Wrzeszcz is now a districtof the city of Gdaüsk.)

227 Wrze¢nia

Wschowa (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,1815–1945 German Fraustadt

Wsetin see VsetínWukowar see VukovarWünschelburg see RadkówWuppertal (city, western Germany) : to 1930

Barmen-Elberfeld (The city was formed in1929 from the merger of Barmen and Elberfeldwith other towns.)

Würbenthal see Vrbno pod PradfidemWutsin see ChangzhouWyandotte see 2Kansas CityWye (river, southern Wales/western England) :

Welsh GwyWygoda see VyhodaWynyard (town, Tasmania, southeastern Aus-

tralia) : to 1861 Table CapeWyrzysk (town, northwestern Poland) : 1793–

1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German WirsitzWysoka (town, northwestern Poland) : 1793–

1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German WietstockWysokie Litewskie see VysokayeWysokie Mazowieckie (town, northeastern

Poland) : to 1915 Russian MazovetskXaignabouli (town, northwestern Laos) : to 1946

Paklay (Xaignabouli was in Thailand from 1941to 1946.)

Xai-Xai (town, southern Mozambique) : 1928–1976 Portuguese Vila de João Belo; 1922–1928Portuguese Vila Nova de Gaza

Xá-Muteba (village, northern Angola) : formerlyPortuguese Cinco de Outubro

Xanadu see ShangduXangongo (town, southern Angola) : formerly

Portuguese RoçadasXankändi (city, southwestern Azerbaijan) :

1923–1991 Stepanakert; to 1923 KhankendyXanlar (town, western Azerbaijan) : to 1938 Yele-

nendorfXánthi (city, northeastern Greece) : to 1913

Turkish EskiceXatl’o Dehe see Hay BeachXhora see ElliotdaleXiaguan see 1DaliXiamen (city, southeastern China) : alternate

dated AmoyXianggang see Hong KongXinjiang Uygur (region, western China) : alter-

nate Sinkiang Uighur; to 1878 Chinese Turke-stan (Both forms of the Chinese name areoften shortened, respectively as Xinjiang andSinkiang, omitting the ethnic name.)

Xinjing see ChangchunXions see KsiR∞WielkopolskiXiririca see EldoradoXizang see Tibet

Xonobod (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : (RussianKhanabad); formerly Russian Sovetabad; to1972 Karabagish

Xovos (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : (RussianKhavast); to 1963 Russian Ursat’yevskaya

Yablochny (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–1945Japanese Rantomari

Yafo see JaffaYakima (city, Washington, northwestern United

States) : to 1918 North YakimaYakova see DjakovicaYakovlevskoye see PrivolzhskYakunchikov see Krasny MayakYakutia see SakhaYaloven’ see IaloveniYama see Sivers’kYambol (city, southeastern Bulgaria) : to 1878

Turkish YamboluYambolu see YambolYamburg see KingiseppYanaw see IvanavaYangi-Bazar see (1) Kofarnihon; (2) SoldatskyYangiyer (town, eastern Uzbekistan) : formerly

Russian ChernyayevoYangiyul (city, eastern Uzbekistan) : to c.1935

KaunchiYangku see TaiyuanYangôn (city, south central Myanmar) : to 1989

Rangoon; to 1756 Dagon (The present form ofthe city’s name more accurately reflects itsBurmese pronunciation.)

Yangtze (river, China) : alternate Chang (Thename was formerly familiar in the expandedform Yangtze Kiang, where the second word,more correctly Jiang, means simply “river.”The alternate name may similarly appear onmaps as Chang Jiang.)

Yaniv see Ivano-FrankoveYanivka see IvanivkaYanov see (1) Ivanava; (2) Ivano-FrankoveYanovka see IvanivkaYantarny (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man PalmnickenYantsivs’kyy Kar’yer see 2Kam’yaneYantsovsky Kar’yer see 2Kam’yaneYanushpil’ see Ivanopol’Yanushpol see Ivanopil’Yanya see IoanninaYaryksu-Aukh see NovolakskoyeYasenivs’kyy (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Yasenovsky); to 1954 Lobivka (Russian Lobovka)Yasenovsky see Yasenivs’kyyYashkul’ (town, western Russia) : 1943–1957

PeschanoyeYasi see TurkestanYasinya (town, western Ukraine) : 1944–1945

Wschowa 228

Czech Jasiûa; 1939–1944 Hungarian Körömezâ;1919–1939 Czech Jasiûa; to 1918 HungarianKörömezâ

Yaski see LesogorskyYasnogorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1965

LaptevoYasnomorsky (village, eastern Russia) : 1905–

1945 Japanese OkoYasnoye (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945

German Kuckerneese; to 1938 KaukehmenYassqhüyük (village, northwestern Turkey) :

Roman Gordium; ancient Greek GordionYathrib see MedinaYavoriv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Yavorov); to 1919 Polish JaworówYavorov see YavorivYazoo City (town, Mississippi, southeastern

United States) : 1830–1839 Manchester; origi-nally Hanan’s Bluff

Y Bala see BalaY Barri see BarryY Bermo see BarmouthY Bont-faen see CowbridgeY Bontnewydd-ar-Wy see Newbridge-on-WyeY Clas-ar-Wy see GlasburyY Drenewydd see NewtownYeghegnadzor (town, south central Armenia) :

c.1935–1957 Mikoyan; to c.1935 KeshishkendYegindykol’ (village, north central Kazakhstan) :

formerly Russian KrasnoznamenskoyeYegorshino see ArtyomovskyYekabpils see J`kabpilsYekaterinburg (city, western Russia) : 1924–1991

SverdlovskYekaterinenshtadt see MarksYekaterinodar see KrasnodarYekaterinofeld see BolnisiYekaterinoslav see Dnipropetrovs’kYekaterinovskaya see KrylovskayaYelenendorf see XanlarYelenovka see (1) Sevan; (2) Zoryns’kYelenovskiye Kar’yery see Dokuchayevs’kYelgava see JelgavaYelizavetgrad see KirovohradYelizavetpol see GäncäYelizovo (city, eastern Russia) : to 1924 ZavoykoYellowknife (town, Northwest Territories, west

central Canada) : alternate Inuit Sombak’eYellow River see Huang HoYellow Sea (western Pacific) : [Chinese Huang

Hai; alternate Chinese Hwang Hai] (TheHuang Ho flows into the Yellow Sea throughthe Bo Hai or Gulf of Chihli.)

Yelyzavethrad see KirovohradYemen (republic, southwestern Asia) : [Arabic Al

Yaman]

Yemva (town, western Russia) : to 1985 Zhelez-nodorozhny

Yen see BeijingYenakiyeve (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Yenakiyevo); 1935–1943 Ordzhonikidze;c.1928–1935 Rykovo

Yenakiyevo see YenakiyeveYenice see GiannitsaYeni Derbent see D≠lgopolYenipazar see 1,2Novi PazarYeni§ehir see LárissaYeniza∑ra see Nova ZagoraYenukidze see AmbrolauriYeraliyev see KurykYerba Buena see San FranciscoYerevan (city, central Armenia) : to 1936 Russian

ErivanYermak see 1AksuYermalner see Melville IslandYermolovsk see GyachrypshYerushalayim see JerusalemYerzhar see 2GagarinYe£ilköy (village, northwestern Turkey) : for-

merly Italian San Stefano (The Italian name ishistorically preserved for the treaty betweenRussia and Turkey signed here in 1878.)

Yesman see 1ChervoneYevdokimovskoye see 3KrasnogvardeyskoyeYev’ye see VievisYezhovo-Cherkessk see CherkesskYezo see HokkaidoYezupil’ see 1Zhovten’Yezupol’ see 1Zhovten’Y Fali see ValleyY Felinheli (town, northwestern Wales) : for-

merly Port Dinorwic (The port town originallyexported slate from the nearby Dinorwicquarry.)

Y Fenai see Menai StraitY Fenni see AbergavennyY Fflint see FlintY Garn see RochY Gelli Gandryll see Hay-on-WyeY Grysmwnt see GrosmontYirga Alem (town, southern Ethiopia) : 1936–

1941 Italian DalleYisra’el see IsraelY Môt see New MoatY Mwmbwls see MumblesY Mynydd Du see Black MountainY Mynyddoedd Duon see Black MountainsYnys Byr see CaldeyYnys Dewi see RamseyYnys Echni see FlatholmYnys Enlli see BardseyYnys Gybi see Holy Island

229 Ynys Gybi

Ynysgynwraidd see SkenfrithYnysoedd y Moelrhoniaid see Skerries, TheYnysowen see Merthyr ValeYnys Seiriol see Puffin IslandYokuntown see LenoxYolo City see WoodlandYongning see Nanning1York (city, northern England) : Roman Ebo-

racum (The 2d-century A.D. geographer Ptol-emy recorded the name as Eborakon. Underthe Anglo-Saxons the city was known as Eofor-wic and then under the Vikings Jórvik, the lat-ter eventually giving the present name.)

2York (town, Maine, northeastern United States): to 1652 Gorgeana

York see TorontoYork River see BancroftYoshkar-Ola (city, western Russia) : 1919–1927

Krasnokokshaysk; to 1919 TsaryovokokshayskYoughal (town, southern Ireland) : Irish EochaillYoussoufia (town, west central Morocco) : for-

merly French Louis-GentilYouth, Isle of see Juventud, Isla de laYpres (town, western Belgium) : Flemish Ieper

(Although in the Flemish-speaking half of Bel-gium, the town is usually referred to by itsFrench name. It was held by France from 1678to 1716 and 1792 to 1814 and became widelyknown under this name as the scene of majorbattles in World War I, when English-speakingcombatants dubbed it “Wipers.”)

Yr Eglwys Lwyd see LudchurchYr Eglwys Newydd see 2WhitchurchYr Hôb see HopeY Rhws see RhooseYr Orsedd see RossettYr Wyddfa see SnowdonYr Wyddgrug see MoldY Trallwng see WelshpoolYuan see Red RiverYudino see PetukhovoYug (town, western Russia) : to 1943 Yugovskoy

ZavodYugo-Kamsky (town, western Russia) : to 1929

Yugokamsky ZavodYugokamsky Zavod see Yugo-KamskyYugorsk (town, west central Russia) : formerly

Komsomol’skyYugoslavia (historic republic, southeastern Eu-

rope) : [Serbian Jugoslavija]; to 1929 Kingdomof Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Serbo-CroatKraljevina Serba, Hrvata i Slovenaca) (In 1945the kingdom became a federation of Bosnia-Herzegovia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montene-gro, Serbia, and Slovenia. In 1991 four ofthese declared their independence, leaving just

Serbia and Montenegro to form a rump Fed-eral Republic of Yugoslavia. In 2006 they alsobecame independent, and the name Yugoslaviadisappeared from the map.)

Yugovskoy Zavod see YugYuma (city, Arizona, southwestern United States)

: 1862–1873 Arizona City; to 1862 ColoradoCity

Yumrukchal see Botev PeakYunnanfu see KunmingYunokommunarovsk see Yunokomunarivs’kYunokomunarivs’k (town, eastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Yunokommunarovsk); 1924–1965imeny Yunykh Komunariv (Russian imeni Yun-ykh Kommunarov); to 1924 Bunge Rudnyk(Russian Bunge Rudnik)

Yunykh Kommunarov, imeni see Yunokomu-narivs’k

Yunykh Komunariv, imeny see Yunokomuna-rivs’k

Yur’yev see (1) Bila Cerkva; (2) TartuYuryuzan’ (town, western Russia) : to 1943

Yuryuzansy ZavodYuryuzansky Zavod see Yuryuzan’Yutian see ChangningYuzhno-Kuril’sk (town, eastern Russia) : 1905–

1945 Japanese FurukamappuYuzhno-Sakhalinsk (town, eastern Russia) :

1905–1945 Japanese Toyohara; to 1905 RussianVladimirovka

Yuzhnoukrainsk see Yuzhnoukrayins’kYuzhnoukrayins’k (town, south central Ukraine)

: (Russian Yuzhnoukrainsk); to 1987 Kostyanty-nivka (Russian Konstantinovka)

Yuzhny see SkuratovskyYuzivka see Donets’kYuzovka see Donets’kYverdon (city, western Switzerland) : German

Iferten; Roman EburodunumY Waun see ChirkY Wig see WickZabaykal’sk (town, southern Russia) : formerly

OtporÕabie see VerkhovynaZRbkowice ¡lRskie (town, southwestern Poland)

: to 1945 German FrankensteinZaboyshchik see KurganovkaZáb†eh (town, east central Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German HohenstadtZabrze (city, southern Poland) : 1915–1945 Ger-

man HindenburgZachan see Suchan≥ aclé† (town, northeastern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1939–1945 German SchatzlarZadar (city, southern Croatia) : 1919–1945 Italian

Zara; Roman Jadera

Ynysgynwraidd 230

Õagaü (city, southwestern Poland) : to 1945 Ger-man Sagan

Zagorsk see Sergiyev PosadZagorsky see KrasnozavodskZagreb (city, central Croatia) : to 1867 German

AgramZahirabad (town, south central India) : formerly

EkeliZainsk (city, western Russia) : to 1978 Novy ZayZaire see CongoZaïre see Congo, Democratic Republic of theZakamensk (town, southern Russia) : to 1959

GorodokZakarpats’ka Oblast’ see Transcarpathian

OblastZakarpatskaya Oblast’ see Transcarpathian

OblastZakharivka see FrunzivkaZakharovka see FrunzivkaZákupy (town, northern Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German ReichstadtZakynthos (island, western Greece) : alternate

ZanteZalQu (city, northwestern Romania) : to 1918,

1940–1944 Hungarian ZilahZaleshchiki see ZalishchykyZales’ye (village, western Russia) : 1938–1945

German Liebenfelde; to 1938 GermanMehlauken

Zaleszczyki see ZalishchykyZalew Wi¢lany see Vistula LagoonZalishchyky (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Zaleshchiki); to 1939 Polish Zaleszczyki≥ amberk (town, northeastern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1938–1945 German SenftenbergZambia (republic, south central Africa) : to 1964

Northern RhodesiaZamo¢W (city, east central Poland) : to 1915 Rus-

sian Zamost’yeZamost’ye see Zamo¢WZancle see MessinaZanesville (city, Ohio, north central United

States) : to 1801 WestbourneZängilan (town, southern Azerbaijan) : to 1957

PirchevanZanow see SianówZante see ZakynthosZapadno-Gruppsky see Shakhtars’kZapaluta see La TrinitariaZaporizhzhya (city, southeastern Ukraine) :

(Russian Zaporozh’ye); to 1921 Oleksandriv’sk(Russian Aleksandrovsk)

Zaporozh’ye see ZaporizhzhyaZapotlán el Grande see Ciudad GuzmánZapovednoye (village, western Russia) : to 1945

German Seckenburg

Zara see ZadarZaragoza see SaragossaZarasai (town, northeastern Lithuania) : 1941–

1944 German Ossersee; to 1918 Russian Novo-aleksandrovsk

Zárate (city, eastern Argentina) : 1932–1946Spanish General Uriburu; earlier Rincón deZárate

Zaravecchia see Biograd na MoruZarechny (town, western Russia) : formerly

PobedinskyZaria (city, north central Nigeria) : to late 16th

century ZazzauÕary (city, western Poland) : to 1945 German

SorauZasieki (village, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man Forst (The village, originally a suburb ofthe city of Forst, eastern Germany, was trans-ferred to Poland in 1945.)

Zaslav see ZaslawyeZaslavl’ see ZaslawyeZaslawye (town, west central Belarus) : (Russian

Zaslavl’); to c.1935 Russian Zaslav; earlier Rus-sian Izyaslavl’

≥ atec (town, northwestern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1938–1945 German Saaz

Zatish’ye see Elektrostal’Zavitaya see ZavitinskZavitinsk (town, eastern Russia) : to 1954 Zavi-

tayaZavodoukovsk (town, west central Russia) : to

1960 ZavodoukovskyZavodoukovsky see ZavodoukovskZavodskoy see 2Komsomol’skyZavolzhsk (town, western Russia) : to 1954

Zavolzh’yeZavolzh’ye (city, western Russia) : to 1960 PestovoZavolzh’ye see ZavolzhskZavoyko see YelizovoZawidów (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German SeidenbergZawiercie (city, southern Poland) : 1940–1945

German WarthenauZazzau see ZariaZbRszyü (town, western Poland) : 1793–1807,

1815–1919, 1939–1945 German BentschenZbRszynek (town, western Poland) : to 1945

German Neubentschen≥ d’ár nad Sázavou (city, east central Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German Saar ander Sazava

Zdolbuniv (town, western Ukraine) : (RussianZdolbunov); 1919–1939 Polish Zdoùbunów; to1918 Russian Zdolbunov

Zdolbunov see ZdolbunivZdoùbunów see Zdolbuniv

231 Zdoùbunów

Zdzieszowice (village, southwestern Poland) : to1945 German Odertal

Zealand see SjællandZebrzydowice Dolne (town, southern Poland) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German SeibersdorfZeebrugge (town, northwestern Belgium) :

French Bruges-sur-Mer (The town is the portfor Bruges.)

Zehden see CedyniaZelaya (department, eastern Nicaragua) : for-

merly BluefieldsZelena see 2DruzhbaZelenodol’sk (town, western Russia) : to 1932

Zelyony DolZelenogorsk (town, western Russia) : to 1948

Finnish Terijoki (The town passed to theUSSR in 1940 but retained its Finnish nameuntil 1948.)

Zelenogradsk (town, western Russia) : to 1945German Kranz (The town should not be con-fused with the much larger Zelenograd, now asatellite suburb of Moscow.)

Zelenokumsk (city, southwestern Russia) :1963–1965 Sovetskoye; to 1963 Vorontsovo-Aleksandrovskoye

Zelensk see 1Asaka≥ elezná Ruda (village, southwestern Czech Re-

public) : to 1918, 1938–1945 German Eisenstein(The village lies on the German border oppo-site Bayerisch Eisenstein.)≥ eleznï Brod (town, northern Czech Republic) :

to 1918, 1939–1945 German Eisenbrod≥ eliezovce (town, southern Slovakia) : to 1918

Hungarian ZselizZelman see RovnoyeZelyony Dol see Zelenodol’skZemen (town, western Bulgaria) : formerly BelovoZemlya Imperatora Nikolaya II see Severnaya

ZemlyaZempelburg see Sdpólno KrajeüskieZemun (town, north central Serbia) : to 1867

German Semlin (Zemun is now incorporatedinto Belgrade.)

Zengg see SenjZenkovka see 2ChkalovskoyeZenta see SentaZernograd (city, southwestern Russia) : 1933–

1960 Zernovoy; to 1933 VerblyudZernovoy see ZernogradZestap’oni (town, west central Georgia) : to 1924

Kvirily; formerly alternate DzhugeliZetland see ShetlandZeugma see BalkisZeytun see LamíaZgorzelec (town, western Poland) : to 1945 Ger-

man Görlitz-Moys (The town was originally a

section of the city of Görlitz, eastern Germany,on the right bank of the Neisse River. In 1945it passed to Poland as a separate entity underthe equivalent Polish name.)

Zhab’ye see VerkhovynaZhahti Koe see Fort ProvidenceZhalpaktal (town, western Kazakhstan) : for-

merly Russian Furmanovo; to 1935 RussianSlomikhino

Zhambyl see TarazZhanaozen (town, southwestern Kazakhstan) :

formerly Russian Novy Uzen’Zhangaqazaly see Ayteke BiZhangde see AnyangZhangjiakou (city, northeastern China) : alter-

nate Mongolian KalganZhanjiang (city, southeastern China) : 1898–

1945 French Fort-BayardZharkent (city, southeastern Kazakhstan) : 1942–

1991 Russian Panfilov; to 1942 RussianDzharkent

Zhavoronkovo (village, western Russia) : to 1945German Wirbeln

Zhdanov see Mariupol’Zhdanovsk see BeyläqanZhelaniya, Cape (northwestern Russia) : for-

merly Cape Mauritius1Zheleznodorozhny (city, western Russia, near

Moscow) : to 1939 Obiralovka2Zheleznodorozhny (town, western Russia, near

Kaliningrad) : to 1945 German GerdauenZheleznodorozhny see (1) Qunghirot;

(2) YemvaZheleznogorsk see Zheleznogorsk-IlimskyZheleznogorsk-Ilimsky (city, southern Russia) :

to 1965 ZheleznogorskZhelyu Voivoda (village, eastern Bulgaria) : for-

merly MikhaylovoZhengxian see ZhengzhouZhengzhou (city, east central China) : 1913–1949

ZhengxianZherdevka (town, western Russia) : to 1954

ChibizovkaZhezdy (town, central Kazakhstan) : to 1962

Marganets, earlier KotabaruZhidachov see ZhydachivZhigulyovsk (city, western Russia) : 1949–1952

Otvazhny; 1946–1949 OtvazhnoyeZhilyanka see KargalinskoyeZhirnovsk (town, southwestern Russia) : 1954–

1958 Zhirnovsky; to 1954 ZhirnoyeZhirnovsky see ZhirnovskZhirnoye see ZhirnovskZhitomir see ZhytomyrZhivkovo (village, west central Bulgaria) : to

1878 Turkish Avliköy

Zdzieszowice 232

Zhob (town, southwestern Pakistan) : 1889–1970s Fort Sandeman

Zholkva see ZhovkvaZhovkva (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Zholkva); 1951–1991 Russian Nesterov; 1941–1944 German Zolkiew; to 1939 Polish Õóùkiew

Zhovta Richka see Zhovti Vody1Zhovten’ (town, western Ukraine) : to 1940

Yezupil’ (Polish Jezupol, Russian Yezupol’ )2Zhovten’ (village, southern Ukraine) : to c.1938

Petrovyrivka (Russian Petroverovka)Zhovti Vody (city, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Zhyoltyye Vody); 1939–1957 Zhovta Richka(Russian Zhyoltaya Reka); to 1939 Rudnyk imenyShvartsa (Russian Rudnik imeni Shvartsa)

1Zhovtneve (town, southern Ukraine) : (RussianZhovtnevoye); 1938–1961 Russian Oktyabr’skoye;to 1938 Ukrainian Bohoyavlens’ke (Russian Bo-goyavlensk) (The town became part of the cityof Mykolayiv in 1973.)

2Zhovtneve (town, northern Ukraine) : (RussianZhovtnevoye); to 1957 Mykolayivka-Vyrivs’ka(Russian Nikolayevka-Vyrevskaya)

3Zhovtneve (village, eastern Ukraine) : (RussianZhovtnevoye); 1944–1961 Stalins’ke (RussianStalinskoye); c.1928–1944 Stalindorf; to c.1928Russian Izluchistaya

Zhovtnevoye see 1,2,3ZhovtneveZhukovo (village, western Russia) : to 1974

Ugodsky ZavodZhukovsky (town, western Russia) : 1938–1947

Stakhanovo; to 1938 OtdykhZhydachiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Zhidachov); to 1939 Polish ÕydaczówZhyoltaya Reka see Zhovti VodyZhyoltyye Vody see Zhovti VodyZhytomyr (city, west central Ukraine) : (Russian

Zhitomir); to 1939 Polish Õytomierz; to 1918Russian Zhitomir

Zichenau see CiechanówZidani Most (village, central Slovenia) : to 1918,

1941–1945 German Steinbrück≥ idlochovice (town, southeastern Czech Repub-

lic) : to 1918, 1939–1945 German SeelowitzZidbice (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German MünsterbergZiebingen see CybinkaZiegenhals see GùuchoùazyZielenzig see SuldcinZielona Góra (city, western Poland) : to 1945

German GrünbergZighoud Youcef (town, northeastern Algeria) :

to c.1962 French Condé-SmendouZilah see ZalQu≥ ilina (city, northwestern Slovakia) : 1939–1945

German Sillein; 1867–1918 Hungarian Zsolna

Zimbabwe (republic, south central Africa) :1964–1980 Rhodesia; to 1964 Southern Rhodesia

Zimnitsa (village, eastern Bulgaria) : to 1878Turkish Kashlaköy

Zimogor’ye see Zymohir’yaZinnik see SoigniesZinov’yevsk see KirovohradZinov’yevs’k see KirovohradZinten see KornevoZion see (1) Israel; (2) Jerusalem; (2) PalestineZipser-Neudorf see Spi§ská Nová VesZirke see SierakówZi£tov see SvishtovZiwa Magharibi see KageraZlaté Hory (town, northeastern Czech Republic)

: to 1919, 1939–1945 German ZuckmantelZlaté Moravce (town, southwestern Slovakia) :

to 1918 Hungarian AranyoszmarótZlaten Dol see SimeonovgradZlatna (town, central Romania) : to 1920 Ger-

man Klein-SchlatternZlatograd town, southern Bulgaria) : to 1934

Dara Dere; to 1878 Turkish DarqdereZlín (city, southeastern Czech Republic) : 1948–

1990 GottwaldovZùocieniec (town, northwestern Poland) : to

1945 German FalkenbergZùoczów see ZolochivZlokuchen see IvanskiZùotoryja (town, southwestern Poland) : to 1945

German GoldbergZùotów (town, northwestern Poland) : to 1945

German FlatowZùoty Stok (town, southwestern Poland) : to

1945 German Reichenstein≥ lutice (town, western Czech Republic) : to

1918, 1938–1945 German LuditzZmajevo (village, northern Serbia) : to 1947

Pa§iWevoÕmigród (town, southwestern Poland) : 1793–

1807, 1815–1919, 1939–1945 German Trachen-berg

Zmiyiv (town, northeastern Ukraine) : (RussianZmiyov); 1976–1990 Hotval’d (Russian Got-val’d) (The earlier name represents that of theAustrian-born Czech president Kliment Gott-wald, who also gave the former name of Zlín.)

Zmiyov see ZmiyivZnaim see ZnojmoZnamensk (town, western Russia) : to 1945 Ger-

man WehlauZnamensky see Pamyati 13 BortsovZnin see ÕninÕnin (town, west central Poland) : 1940–1945

German Diefurt; 1793–1807, 1815–1919 Ger-man Znin

233 Õnin

Znojmo (city, southern Czech Republic) : to1918, 1948–1945 German Znaim

Zoan see TanisZobten see SobótkaZolkiew see ZhovkvaÕóùkiew see ZhovkvaZolochev see ZolochivZolochiv (town, western Ukraine) : (Russian

Zolochev); to 1939 Polish ZùoczówZolotushino see GornyakZólyom see ZvolenZombor see SomborZoppot see 2SopotZorinsk see Zoryns’kZorndorf see SarbinowoÕory (town, southern Poland) : to 1945 German

SohrauZoryns’k (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Zorinsk); to 1963 Olenivka (Russian Yelenovka)Zoug see ZugZrenjanin (city, northern Serbia) : 1930s–1947

Petrovgrad; 1918–1930s Veliki BeVkerek; to 1918Hungarian Nagybecskerek

Zschornegosda see SchwarzheideZselizs see ≥ eliezovceZsolna see ≥ ilinaZsombolya see JimboliaZuckmantel see Zlaté HoryZug (town, north central Switzerland) : French

ZougZuider Zee see IJsselmeerZula la Vieja see La Piedad Cavadas

Züllichau see SulechówZülpich (town, western Germany) : Roman Tol-

biacumZülz see BiaùaZurich (city, northern Switzerland) : German

Zürich; Italian ZurigoZürich see ZurichZurigo see ZurichZvanka see VolkhovZvenigovo (town, western Russia) : to c.1940

Zvenigovsky ZatonZvenigovsky Zaton see ZvenigovoZvishavane (town, south central Zimbabwe) :

formerly ShabaniZvolen (town, central Slovakia) : 1939–1945

German Altsohl; 1867–1918 Hungarian ZólyomZvornik (town, eastern Bosnia-Herzegovina) : to

1878 Turkish jzvornikZwaanendael see LewesZweibrücken (city, southwestern Germany) :

1801–1815 French Deux-Ponts; Medieval LatinBipontium

Zwischenwässern see MedvodeZwittau see SvitavyÕydaczów see ZhydachivZymohir’ya (town, eastern Ukraine) : (Russian

Zimogor’ye); to 1961 Cherkas’ke (RussianCherkasskoye)Õytomierz see ZhytomirÕywiec (town, southern Poland) : 1939–1945

German Saybusch

Znojmo 234

1. French

I. CONTINENTS

Africa : AfriqueAmerica : AmériqueAntarctica : AntarctiqueAsia : AsieEurope : Europe

II. COUNTRIES

Afghanistan : AfghanistanAlbania : AlbanieAlgeria : AlgérieAndorra : AndorreAngola : AngolaArgentina : ArgentineArmenia : ArménieAustralia : AustralieAustria : AutricheAzerbaijan : AzerbaïdjanBahrain : BahreïnBangladesh : BangladeshBelarus : BelarusBelgium : BelgiqueBelize : BelizeBenin : BéninBhutan : BhoutanBolivia : BolivieBosnia-Herzegovina : Bosnie-

HerzégovineBotswana : BotswanaBrazil : BrésilBrunei : Brunei

Bulgaria : BulgarieBurkina Faso : BurkinaBurundi : BurundiCambodia : CambodgeCameroon : CamerounCanada : CanadaCape Verde : Cap-VertCentral African Republic :

République CentrafricaineChad : TchadChile : ChiliChina : ChineColombia : ColombieCongo, Democratic Republic of

the : République Démocra-tique du Congo

Congo, Republic of the :République du Congo

Costa Rica : Costa RicaCôte d’Ivoire : Côte d’IvoireCroatia : CroatieCuba : CubaCyprus : ChypreCzech Republic : République

TchèqueDenmark : DanemarkDjibouti : DjiboutiDominica : DominiqueDominican Republic :

République DominicaineEcuador : ÉquateurEgypt : ÉgypteEl Salvador : Salvador

England : AngleterreEquatorial Guinea : Guinée

ÉquatorialeEritrea : ÉrythréeEstonia : EstonieEthiopia : ÉthiopieFiji : FijiFinland : FinlandeFrance : FranceFrench Guiana : Guyane

FrançaiseGabon : GabonGambia : GambieGeorgia : GéorgieGermany : AllemagneGhana : GhanaGreat Britain : Grande-BretagneGreece : GrèceGrenada : GrenadeGuadeloupe : GuadeloupeGuatemala : GuatemalaGuinea : GuinéeGuinea-Bissau : Guinée-BissauGuyana : GuyaneHaiti : HaïtiHonduras : HondurasHungary : HongrieIceland : IslandeIndia : IndeIndonesia : IndonésieIran : IranIraq : IraqIreland : Irlande

235

Appendix I:Names of Places

in Non-English Languages

Below is a selection of well-known placenames in their non–English forms, represented by

members of seven different language families: French (Romance), German (Germanic); Turk-

ish (Turkic), Finnish (Finno-Ugric), Polish (Slavic), Welsh (Celtic), and Chinese (Sino-Tibetan).

French has the fullest representation, with the names arranged by categories. The Chinese names

have their own preamble.

Israel : IsraëlItaly : ItalieJapan : JaponJordan : JordanieKazakhstan : KazakhstanKenya : KenyaKiribati : KiribatiKosovo : KosovoKuwait : KoweïtKyrgyzstan : KirghizstanLaos : LaosLatvia : LettonieLebanon : LibanLesotho : LesothoLiberia : LiberiaLibya : LibyeLiechtenstein : LiechtensteinLithuania : LituanieLivorno : LivourneLuxembourg : LuxembourgMacedonia : MacédoineMadagascar : MadagascarMalawi : MalawiMalaysia : MalaisieMaldives : MaldivesMali : MaliMalta : MalteMauritania : MauritanieMauritius : MauriceMexico : MexiqueMoldova : MoldovaMonaco : MonacoMongolia : MongolieMontenegro : MonténégroMorocco : MarocMozambique : MozambiqueMyanmar : MyanmarNamibia : NamibieNepal : NépalNetherlands : Pays-BasNew Zealand : Nouvelle-ZélandeNicaragua : NicaraguaNiger : NigerNigeria : NigeriaNorthern Ireland: Irlande du

NordNorth Korea : Corée du NordNorway : NorvègeOman : OmanPadua : PadouePakistan : PakistanPalestine : PalestinePanama : PanamáPapua New Guinea : Papouasie-

Nouvelle-GuinéeParaguay : ParaguayPeru : PérouPhilippines : PhilippinesPoland : Pologne

Polynesia : PolynésiePortugal : PortugalQatar : QatarRéunion : RéunionRomania : RoumanieRussia : RussieRwanda : RwandaSan Marino : Saint-MarinSão Tomé and Príncipe : São

Tomé et PríncipeSaudi Arabia : Arabie SaouditeScotland : ÉcosseSenegal : SénégalSerbia : SerbieSierra Leone : Sierra LeoneSingapore : SingapourSlovakia : SlovaquieSlovenia : SlovénieSomalia : SomalieSouth Africa : Afrique du SudSouth Korea : Corée du SudSpain : EspagneSri Lanka : Sri LankaSudan : SoudanSurinam : SurinameSwaziland : SwazilandSweden : SuèdeSwitzerland : SuisseSyria : SyrieTaiwan : TaïwanTajikistan : TadjikistanTanzania : TanzanieThailand : ThaïlandeTogo : TogoTunisia : TunisieTurin : TurinTurkey : TurquieTurkmenistan : TurkménistanTuvalu : TuvaluUganda : OugandaUkraine : UkraineUnited Arab Emirates : Émirats

Arabes UnisUnited Kingdom : Royaume-

UniUnited States : États-UnisUruguay : UruguayUzbekistan : OuzbékistanVanuatu : VanuatuVatican : VaticanVenezuela : VenezuelaVietnam : Viêt NamWales : Pays de GallesWestern Sahara : Sahara Occi-

dentalYemen : YémenZambia : ZambieZimbabwe : Zimbabwe

III. REGIONS AND

DISTRICTS

Algarve : AlgarveAnatolia : AnatolieAndalusia : AndalousieAragon : AragonAsturias : AsturiesBasque Country : Pays BasqueBavaria : BavièreBlack Forest : Forêt-NoireBohemia : BohèmeBritish Columbia : Colombie-

BrittaniqueBrittany : BretagneBurgundy : BourgogneCalabria : CalabreCalifornia : CalifornieCampania : CampanieCantabria : CantabriqueCarinthia : CarinthieCarolina : CarolineCastile : CastilleCatalonia : CatalogneCornwall : CornouaillesCrimea : CriméeDalmatia : DalmatieExtremadura : EstrémadureFlanders : FlandreFlorida : FlorideFranconia : FranconieFree State : État LibreFriesland : FriseGalicia : GaliceGascony : GascogneGeorgia : GéorgieGoa : GoaHolland : HollandeJutland : JyllandKarelia : CarélieLabrador : LabradorLa Mancha : La MancheLapland : LaponieLiguria : LigurieLombardy : LombardieLouisiana : LouisianeMarches : MarchesMoldavia : MoldavieMoravia : MoravieNew Brunswick : Nouveau-

BrunswickNew England : Nouvelle-

AngleterreNew Mexico : Nouveau-

MexiqueNew South Wales : Nouvelle-

Galles du SudNewfoundland : Terre-NeuveNormandy : Normandie

Names of Places in French 236

Northern Territory : Territoire-du-Nord

Northwest Territories : Territoiresdu Nord-Ouest

Nova Scotia : Nouvelle-ÉcossePatagonia : PatagoniePennsylvania : PennsylvaniePicardy : PicardiePiedmont : PiémontPomerania : PoméraniePrince Edward Island : Île du

Prince-ÉdouardPrussia : PrussePuglia : PouillePunjab : PendjabRhineland : RhénanieRuthenia : RuthénieSavoy : SavoieSaxony : SaxeSiberia : SibérieSilesia : SilésieSouth Australia : Australie-

MéridionaleSwabia : SouabeThuringia : ThuringeTransylvania : TransylvanieTuscany : ToscaneTyrol : TyrolUmbria : OmbrieVirginia : VirginieWallachia : ValachieWallonia : WallonieWestern Australia : Australie-Oc-

cidentaleWestphalia : WestphalieZeeland : Zélande

IV. TOWNS AND CITIES

Aachen : Aix-la-ChapelleAcre : AcreAdelaide : AdélaïdeAgrigento : AgrigenteAleppo : AlepAlessandria : AlexandrieAlexandria : AlexandrieAlgeciras : AlgécirasAlgiers : AlgerAncona : AncôneAndorra la Vella : Andorre-la-

VieilleAntwerp : AnversAosta : AosteAssisi : AssiseAthens : AthènesBaghdad : BagdadBarcelona : BarceloneBasel : BâleBeijing : PékinBeirut : Beyrouth

Belgrade : BelgradeBenevento : BénéventBergamo : BergameBerlin : BerlinBern : BerneBiel : BienneBologna : BologneBragança : BraganceBremen : BrêmeBrig : BrigueBruges : BrugesBrussels : BruxellesBucharest : BucarestBudapest : BudapestBuenos Aires : Buenos AiresCádiz : CadixCairo : Le CaireCanterbury : CantorbéryCape Town : Le CapCartagena : CarthagèneCaserta : CaserteCatania : CataneCologne : CologneComo : CômeCopenhagen : CopenhagueCórdoba : CordoueCremona : CrémoneDamascus : DamasDen Helder : Le HelderDover : DouvresDresden : DresdeDublin : DublinDunkirk : DunkerqueEdinburgh : ÉdimbourgFerrara : FerrareFlorence : FlorenceFrankfurt : FrancfortFreiburg : FribourgGaeta : GaèteGeneva : GenèveGenoa : GênesGerona : GéroneGhent : GandGranada : GrenadeGroningen : GroningueHague, The : La HayeHamburg : HambourgHanover : HanovreHavana : La HavaneHelsinki : HelsinkiIstanbul : IstanbulJerusalem : JérusalemKabul : KaboulKoblenz : CoblenceKraków : CracovieLa Coruña : La CorogneLatakia : LattaquieLeiden : LeydeLisbon : Lisbonne

London : LondresLucca : LucquesMadrid : MadridMainz : MayenceManila : ManilleMantua : MantoueMecca : La MecqueMessina : MessineMexico City : MexicoMilan : MilanModena : ModèneMontreal : MontréalMoscow : MoscouMunich : MunichMurcia : MurcieNaples : NaplesNew Orleans : La Nouvelle-Or-

léansNew York : New YorkNice : NiceNicosia : NicosieNijmegen : NimègueNovara : NovareNuremberg : NurembergOporto : PortoOstend : OstendeOstia : OstieOurense : OrensePalermo : PalermePamplona : PampeluneParis : ParisParma : ParmePavia : PaviePhiladelphia : PhiladelphiePiacenza : PlaisancePisa : PisePrague : PragueQuebec : QuébecRagusa : RaguseRavenna : RavenneRegensburg : RatisbonneRome : RomeSaarbrücken : SarrebruckSaarlouis : SarrelouisSt. Petersburg : Saint-Péters-

bourgSalamanca : SalamanqueSalerno : SalerneSalonika : ThessaloniqueSalzburg : SalzbourgSan Francisco : San FranciscoSan Sebastián : Saint-SébastienSantiago de Compostela : Saint-

Jacques-de-CompostelleSanto Domingo : Saint-

DomingueSão Paolo : São PaoloSaragossa : SaragosseSavona : Savone

237 Names of Places in French

Schaffhausen : SchaffhouseSegovia : SégovieSeoul : SéoulSeville : Séville’s-Hertogenbosch : Bois-le-DucSiena : SienneSofia : SofiaSolothurn : SoleureSparta : SparteSpeyer : SpireSplit : SplitSpoleto : SpolèteStockholm : StockholmTangier : TangerTaranto : TarenteTarragona : TarragoneThun : ThouneTimbuktu : TombouktouTokyo : TokyoToledo : TolèdeTrento : TrenteTreviso : TréviseTrier : TrèvesTunis : TunisValencia : ValenceVenice : VeniseVentimiglia : VintimilleVerona : VéroneVicenza: VicenceVienna : VienneViterbo : ViterbeVlissingen : FlessingueWarsaw : VarsovieZurich : Zurich

V. OCEANS

Arctic : ArctiqueAtlantic : AtlantiqueIndian : IndienPacific : Pacifique

VI. SEAS, LAKES, BAYS,GULFS, INLETS, AND CHANNELS

Adriatic Sea : Mer AdriatiqueAegean Sea : Mer ÉgéeAlbert, Lake : Lac AlbertBaltic Sea : Mer BaltiqueBarents Sea : Mer de BarentsBering Sea : Mer de BéringBiscay, Bay of : Golfe de

GascogneBlack Sea : Mer NoireBothnia, Gulf of : Golfe de Bot-

nieCaribbean Sea : Mer des AntillesCarpentaria, Gulf of : Golfe de

CarpentarieCaspian Sea : Mer Caspienne

Constance, Lake : Lac de Con-stance

Coral Sea : Mer de CorailDead Sea : Mer MorteDover, Strait of : Pas de CalaisEdward, Lake : Lac ÉdouardEnglish Channel : MancheErie, Lake : Lac ÉriéGarda, Lake : Lac de GardeGolden Horn : Corne d’OrGreat Australian Bight : Grande

Baie AustralienneGreat Bear Lake : Grand Lac de

l’OursGreat Lakes Grands LacsGreat Salt Lake : Grand Lac SaléGreat Slave Lake : Grand Lac des

EsclavesHuron, Lake : Lac HuronIrish Sea : Mer d’IrlandeLion, Gulf of : Golfe du LionLucerne, Lake : Lac des Quatre-

CantonsMaggiore, Lake : Lac MajeurMediterranean Sea : Mer

MéditerranéeMexico, Gulf of : Golfe du Mex-

iqueNorth Sea : Mer du NordOntario, Lac : Lac OntarioPersian Gulf : Golfe PersiquePigs, Bay of : Baie des CochonsRed Sea : Mer RougeReindeer Lake : Lac CaribouSuperior, Lake : Lac SupérieurTiberias, Lake : Lac de TibériadeTyrrhenian Sea : Mer Tyrrhéni-

enneWhite Sea : Mer BlancheYellow Sea : Mer Jaune

VII. RIVERS

Amazon : AmazoneCongo : ZaïreDanube : DanubeEbro : ÈbreEuphrates : EuphrateGanges : GangeIndus : IndusJordan : JourdainNile : NilPo : PôRhine : RhinRhône : RhôneSt. Lawrence : Saint-LaurentTagus : TageThames : TamiseTiber : TibreTicino : Tessin

Tigris : TigreVistula : VistuleVolga : Volga

VIII. ISLANDS

Admiralty Islands : Îles de l’Ami-rauté

Aeolian Islands : Îles ÉoliennesAlderney : AurignyAmirante Islands : Îles AmirantesAntigua : AntiquaAntilles : AntillesAscension : AscensionAzores : AçoresBahamas : BahamasBalearic Islands : BaléaresBarbados : BarbadeBermuda : BermudesBismarck Archipelago : Archipel

BismarckBorneo : BornéoBritish Isles : Îles BrittaniquesCanary Islands : Îles CanariesCape Breton Island : Île du Cap

BretonCapri : CapriChannel Islands : Îles Anglo-

NormandesChristmas Island : Île ChristmasComoros : ComoresCook Islands : Îles CookCorsica : CorseCrete : CrèteCuraçao : CuraçaoCyclades : CycladesDodecanese : DodécanèseEaster Island : Île de PâquesEstados, Isla de los : Île des ÉtatsFalkland Islands : Îles MalouinesFaroes : Îles FéroéFrisian Islands : Îles de la FriseGalápagos Islands : Îles Galápa-

gosGran Canaria : Grande CanarieGreenland : GroenlandGrenada : GrenadeGrenadines : Îles GrenadinesGuernsey : GuerneseyHebrides : Îles HébridesHispaniola : HispaniolaIonian Islands : Îles IoniennesJamaica : JamaïqueJava : JavaJersey : JerseyKuril Islands : Îles KourilesLeeward Islands : Îles Sous-le-

VentLoyalty Islands : Îles LoyautéMadeira : Madère

Names of Places in French 238

Majorca : MajorqueMariana Islands : Îles MariannesMarquesas Islands : Îles Mar-

quisesMarshall Islands : Îles MarshallMartinique : MartiniqueMascarene Islands : Îles Mas-

careignesMicronesia : MicronésieMinorca : MinorqueMoluccas : Îles MoluquesNew Britain : Nouvelle-BretagneNew Caledonia : Nouvelle-Calé-

donieNew Guinea : Nouvelle-GuinéeNew Ireland : Nouvelle-IrlandeNew Siberian Islands : Nouvelle-

SibérieNicobar Islands : Îles NicobarNovaya Zemlya : Nouvelle-Zem-

bleOceania : OcéanieOrkney : OrcadesPuerto Rico : Porto RicoSt. Helena : Sainte-HélèneSt. Kitts : Saint-KittsSt. Lucia : Sainte-LucieSt. Vincent : Saint-VincentSamoa : SamoaSardinia : SardaigneSark : SercqScilly Isles : SorlinguesSevernaya Zemlya : Terre du

NordShetland : ShetlandSicily : SicileSociety Islands : Îles de la SociétéStaten Island see Estados, Isla de

losSumatra : SumatraTasmania : TasmanieTierra del Fuego : Terre de FeuTortuga : Île de la TortueTrinidad and Tobago : Trinité-et-

TobagoTristan da Cunha : Tristan da

CunhaUshant : OuessantVirgin Islands : Îles ViergesWest Indies : Indes OccidentalesWindward Islands : Îles du VentZanzibar : Zanzibar

IX. MOUNTAINS

Alps : AlpesAndes : AndesApennines : ApenninAppalachian Mountains : Ap-

palaches

Ardennes : ArdennesAtlas : AtlasCarpathian Mountains : CarpatesCascade Range : Chaîne des Cas-

cadesCaucasus : CaucaseCoast Mountains : Chaîne

CôtièreDolomites : DolomitesHimalaya : HimalayaMatterhorn : Mont CervinOlympus : OlympePindus Mountains : PindePyrenees : PyrénéesRocky Mountains : Montagnes

RocheusesTable Mountain : Montagne de la

TableUrals : Oural

X. CAPES, PROMONTORIES, AND PENINSULAS

Agulhas, Cape : Cap des AiguillesCod, Cape : Cap CodGiant’s Causeway : Chaussée des

GéantsGood Hope, Cape of : Cap de

Bonne-EspéranceHorn, Cape : Cap HornHorn of Africa : Corne de

l’AfriqueLand’s End : Land’s EndPalmas, Cape : Cap des PalmesYork, Cape : Cap York

2. German

Adriatic Sea : Adriatisches MeerAegean Sea : Ägäisches MeerAfghanistan : AfghanistanAfrica : AfrikaAlbania : AlbanienAlgeria : AlgerienAlgiers : AlgierAlps : AlpenAlsace-Lorraine : Elsaß-Lothrin-

genAmazon : AmazonasAmerica : AmerikaAndes : AndesAndorra : AndorraAngola : AngolaAntarctica : AntarktisAntwerp : AntwerpenAppalachian Mountains : Ap-

palachenAragon : AragonArctic : ArktisArgentina : Argentinien

Armenia : ArmenienAsia : AsienAthens : AthenAtlantic : AtlantikAtlas : AtlasAustralia : AustralienAustria : ÖsterreichAzores : AzorenBaghdad : BagdadBahamas : BahamasBahrain : BahraïnBalearic Islands : BalearenBaltic Sea : OstseeBangladesh : BangladeshBarbados : BarbadosBarents Sea : BarentsseeBasel : BaselBavaria : BayernBeirut : BeirutBelgium : BelgiemBelgrade : BelgradBelize : BelizeBering Sea : BeringmeerBerlin : BerlinBermuda : BermudaBern : BernBiscay, Bay of : Golf von BiskayaBlack Forest : SchwarzwaldBlack Sea : Schwarzes MeerBohemia : BöhmenBolivia : BolivienBorneo : BorneoBosnia-Herzegovina : Bosnien-

HerzegowinaBothnia, Gulf of : Bottnischer

MeerbusenBotswana : BotswanaBrazil : BrasilienBritish Isles : Britische InselnBrittany : BretagneBruges : BrüggeBrunei : BruneiBrussels : BrüsselBucharest : BukarestBudapest : BudapestBuenos Aires : Buenos AiresBulgaria : BulgarienBurgundy : BurgundCairo : KairoCalifornia : KalifornienCambodia : KambodschaCameroon : KamerunCanada : KanadaCanary Islands : Kanarische In-

selnCape Town : KapstadtCape Verde : KapverdenCapri : CapriCaribbean Sea : Karibisches Meer

239 Names of Places in German

Carinthia : KärntenCarpathian Mountains : KarpatenCarthage : KarthagoCaspian Sea : Kaspisches MeerCastile : KastilienCaucasus : KaukasusCentral African Republic : Zen-

tralafrikanische RepublikChad : TschadChannel Islands : KanalinselnChile : ChileChina : ChinaChristmas Island : Weihnachtsin-

selCologne : KölnCongo : KongoCopenhagen : KopenhagenCoral Sea : KorallenmeerCornwall : CornwallCorsica : KorsikaCosta Rica : Costa RicaCôte d’Ivoire : ElfenbeinküsteCrete : KretaCrimea : KrimCroatia : KroatienCuba : KubaCuraçao : CuraçaoCyprus : ZypernCzech Republic : TschechienDalmatia : DalmatienDamascus : DamaskusDanube : DonauDead Sea : Totes MeerDenmark : DänemarkDolomites : DolomitenDominica : DominikaDominican Republic : Do-

minikanische RepublikDunkirk : DünkirchenEaster Island : OsterinselEgypt : ÄgyptenEngland : EnglandEnglish Channel : ÄrmelkanalEquatorial Guinea : Äquatorial-

GuineaEstonia : EstlandEthiopia : ÄthiopenEuphrates : EuphratEurope : EuropaFalkland Islands : FalklandinselnFaroes : FäröerFiji : FidschiinselnFinland : FinnlandFlanders : FlandernFlorence : FlorenzFrance : FrankreichFranconia : FrankenFrench Guiana : Französisch-

Guayana

Friesland : FrieslandFrisian Islands : Friesische Inseln1Galicia (in eastern Europe) :

Galizien2Galicia (in Spain) : GalicienGambia : GambiaGanges : GangesGeneva : GenfGenoa : Genua1Georgia (in USA) : Georgia2Georgia (in Europe) : GeorgienGermany : DeutschlandGhana : GhanaGhent : GentGibraltar : GibraltarGood Hope, Cape of : Kap der

guten HoffnungGran Canaria : Gran CanariaGreat Australian Bight : Große

Australische BuchtGreat Britain : GroßbritannienGreat Lakes : Große SeenGreece : GriechenlandGreenland : GrönlandGrenada : GrenadaGuadeloupe : GuadelupeGuatemala : GuatemalaGuernsey : GuernseyGuinea : GuineaGuyana : GuyanaHague, The : Den HaagHaiti : HaitiHanover : HannoverHavana : HavannaHebrides : HebridenHimalaya : HimalayaHolland : HollandHonduras : HondurasHorn, Cape : Kap HoornHungary : UngarnIceland : IslandIndia : IndienIndian Ocean : Indischer OzeanIndonesia : IndonesienIonian Sea : Ionisches MeerIran : IranIraq : IrakIreland : IrlandIrish Sea : Irische SeeIsrael : IsraelIstanbul : IstanbulItaly : ItalienJamaica : JamaikaJapan : JapanJava : JavaJersey : JerseyJerusalem : Jerusalem1Jordan (country) : Jordanien2Jordan (river) : Jordan

Jutland : JütlandKenya : KeniaKorea : KoreaKosovo : KosovoKraków : KrakauKuwait : KuwairKyrgyzstan : KirgistanLabrador : LabradorLaos : LaosLapland : LapplandLatvia : LettlandLebanon : LibanonLeeward Islands : Inseln über

dem WindeLesotho : LesothoLiberia : LiberiaLibya : LibyenLiechtenstein : LiechtensteinLiguria : LigurieLisbon : LissabonLithuania : LitauenLjubljana : LaibachLombardy : LombardeiLondon : LondonLucerne, Lake : Vierwaldstätter

SeeLuxembourg : LuxemburgMacedonia : MakedonienMadagascar : MadagaskarMadeira : MadeiraMadrid : MadridMajorca : MallorcaMalawi : MalawiMalaysia : MalaysiaMaldives : MaledivenMalta : MaltaMartinique : MartiniqueMauritius : MauritiusMecca : MekkaMediterranean Sea : MittelmeerMexico : MexikoMexico City : Mexiko CityMilan : MailandMinorca : MenorcaMoldova : MoldawienMoluccas : MolukkenMonaco : MonacoMongolia : MongoleiMontenegro : MontenegroMoravia : MährenMorocco : MarokkoMoscow : MoskauMozambique : MosambikMunich : MünchenMyanmar : MyanmarNamibia : NamibiaNaples : NeapelNepal : NepalNetherlands : Niederlande

Names of Places in German 240

Neu Delhi : Neu-DelhiNew England : NeuenglandNewfoundland : NeufundlandNew Guinea : NeuguineaNew Mexico : New MexicoNew Orleans : New OrleansNew South Wales : NeusüdwalesNew York : New YorkNew Zealand : NeuseelandNicaragua : NicaraguaNice : NizzaNiger : NigerNigeria : NigeriaNile : NilNormandy : NormandieNorthern Ireland : NordirlandNorth Korea : NordkoreaNorth Sea : NordseeNorway : NorwegenNova Scotia : NeuschottlandNuremberg : NürnbergOceania : OzeanienOlympus : OlympOman : OmanOrkney : OrkneyinselnOstend : OstendePacific : PazifikPakistan : PakistanPalestine : PalästinaPanama : PanamaPapua New Guinea : Papua-

NeuguineaParaguay : ParaguayParis : ParisPatagonia : PatagonienPennsylvania : PennsylvaniaPersian Gulf : Persischer GolfPeru : PeruPhilippines : PhilippinenPoland : PolenPolynesia : PolynesienPomerania : PommernPortugal : PortugalPrague : PragPrussia : PreußenPuerto Rico : Puerto RicoPunjab : PandschabPyrenees : PyrenäenQatar : KatarRed Sea : Rotes MeerRhine : RheinRhineland : RheinlandRhodes : RhodosRocky Mountains : Rocky

MountainsRomania : RumänienRome : RomRussia : RusslandRwanda : Ruanda

Samoa : SamoaSan Marino : San MarinoSardinia : SardinienSaudi Arabia : Saudi-ArabienSaxony : SachsenScilly Isles : ScillyinselnScotland : SchottlandSenegal : SenegalSerbia : SerbienSeville : Sevilla’s-Hertogenbosch : Herzogen-

buschShetland : ShetlandinselnSiberia : SibirienSicily : SizilienSierra Leone : Sierra LeoneSilesia : SchlesienSingapore : SingapurSlovakia : SlowakeiSlovenia : SlowenienSomalia : SomaliaSouth Africa : SüdafrikaSouth Australia : SüdaustralienSouth Korea : SüdkoreaSpain : SpanienSparta : SpartaSri Lanka : Sri LankaSudan : SudanSumatra : SumatraSwabia : SchwabenSweden : SchwedenSwitzerland : SchweizSyria : SyrienTable Mountain : TafelbergTaiwan : TaïwanTajikistan : TadschikistanTangier : TangerTanzania : TansaniaTasmania : TasmanienThailand : ThaïlandThames : ThemseTiber : TiberTibet : TibetTierra del Fuego : FeuerlandTogo : TogoTokyo : TokioTransylvania : SiebenbürgenTunis : TunesTunisia : TunesienTurkey : TürkeiTurkmenistan : TurkmenistanTuscany : ToskanaTyrol : TirolTyrrhenian Sea : Tyrrhenisches

MeerUganda : UgandaUkraine : UkraineUnited Arab Emirates : Vere-

inigte Arabische Emirate

United Kingdom : VereinigtesKönigreich

United States : Vereinigte StaatenUrals : UralUruguay : UruguayUzbekistan : UsbekistanVatican : VatikanVenezuela : VenezuelaVenice : VenedigVienna : WienVietnam : VietnameVirgin Islands : JungferninselnVirginia : VirginiaVistula : WeichselVolga : WolgaWales : WalesWarsaw : WarschauWest Indies : Westindische InselnWestphalia : WestfalenWhite Sea : Weißes MeerWindward Islands : Inseln über

dem WindeYellow Sea : Gelbes MeerYemen : JemenZambia : SambiaZanzibar : SansibarZimbabwe : SimbabweZurich : Zürich

3. Turkish

Africa : AfrikaAlbania : ArnavutlukAlgeria : CezayirAmerica : AmerikaAsia : AsyaAustralia : AvustralyaAustria : AvusturyaBelgium : BelçikaBlack Sea : KaradenizBrazil : BrezilyaBulgaria : BulgaristanCanada : KanadaChina : ÇinCrete : GiritCyprus : KqbrqsDenmark : DanimarkaEgypt : MqsqrEngland : jngiltereEthiopia : Habe£istanEurope : AvrupaFinland : FinlandiyaFrance : FransaGeorgia : GürcistanGermany : AlmanyaGreece : YunanistanHungary : MacaristanIceland : jzlandaIndia : Hindistan

241 Names of Places in Turkish

Israel : jsrailItaly : jtalyaJapan : JaponyaLebanon : LübnanMediterranean Sea : AkdenizMorocco : FasNorway : NorveçPacific Ocean : Büyük OkyanusPalestine : FilistinPoland : LehistanPortugal : PortekizRomania : RomanyaRussia : RusyaScotland : jskoçyaSpain : jspanyaSweden : jsveçSwitzerland : jsviçreSyria : SuriyeTurkey : TürkiyeUnited States : Birle£ik Devletler

4. Finnish

Africa : AfrikkaAmerica : AmerikkaAsia : AasiaAthens : AteenaAustria : ItävaltaBelgium : BelgiaBrazil : BrasiliaBritain : BritanniaCanada : KanadaChina : KiinaCopenhagen : KöopenhaminaCyprus : KyprosDenmark : TanskaEgypt : EgyptiEngland : EnglantiEurope : EurooppaFinland : SuomiFrance : RanskaGermany : SaksaGreece : KreikkaHungary : UnkariIceland : IslantiIndia : IntiaIreland : IrlantiIsrael : IsraelItaly : ItaliaJapan : JapaniLebanon : LibanonLondon : LontooMediterranean Sea : VälimeriNetherlands : AlankomaatNorway : NorjaPacific Ocean : Tyyni ValtameriPalestine : PalestiinaPoland : PuolaRomania : Romania

Rome : RoomaRussia : VenäjäScotland : SkotlantiSpain : EspanjaSweden : RuotsiSwitzerland : SveitsiTurkey : TurkkiUnited States : Yhdysvallat

5. Polish

Africa : AfrykaAmerica : AmerykaAsia : AzjaAthens : AtenyBelgium : BelgiaBrussels : BrukselaCairo : KairCanada : KanadaChina : ChinyDenmark : DaniaEgypt : EgiptEngland : AngliaEurope : EuropaFinland : FinlandiaFrance : FrancjaGermany : NiemiecGreece : GrecjaHungary : WdgryIndia : IndieIreland : IrlandiaIsrael : IzraelItaly : WùochyJapan : JaponiaLebanon : LibanLisbon : LisbonaLondon : LondynMadrid : MadrytMediterranean Sea : Morze

SródziemneMexico : MeksykMoscow : MoskwaMunich : MonachiumNewfoundland : Nowa Fundlan-

diaNew Mexico : Nowy MeksykNew Orleans : Nowy OrleanNew York : : Nowy JorkNew Zealand : Nowa ZelandiaNova Scotia : Nowa SzkocjaPacific Ocean : Ocean SpokoynyParis : Pary∞

Pennsylvania : PensylwaniaPhiladelphia : FiladelfiaPoland : PolskaRed Sea : Morze CzerwoneRhine : RenRome : RzymSpain : Hiszpania

Sweden : SzwecjaSwitzerland : SzwajcariaTexas : TeksasTurkey : TurcjaUnited States : Stany Zjednoc-

zoneVienna : Wiedeü

Wales : WaliaWarsaw : Warszawa

6 . Welsh

Africa : AffricaAlps : Yr AlpauAmerica : Yr AmerigArgentina : ArianninAthens : AthenAtlantic Ocean : Môr IweryddAustralia : AwstraliaAustria : AwstriaBaltic Sea : Môr LlychlynBath : CaerfaddonBelgium : Gwlad BelgBristol : BrysteBristol Channel : Môr HafrenBritain : PrydainBrittany : LlydawBurgundy : BwrgwynCambridge : CaergrawntCanterbury : CaergaintCarlisle : CaerliwelyddChester : CaerCornwall : CernywDanube : DonawDead Sea : Y Môr MarwDevon : DyfnaintDublin : DulynEdinburgh : CaeredinEgypt : Yr AifftEngland : LloegrEnglish Channel : Môr UddEurope : EwropFrance : FfraincGermany : Yr AlmaenGlastonbury : Ynys AfallonGloucester : CaerloywGreece : GroegHebrides : Ynysoedd HeleddHereford : HenfforddIceland : Ynys-yr-iâIreland : IwerddonIsle of Man : Ynys ManawIsle of Wight : Ynys WythIstanbul : CaergystenninItaly : Yr EidalJerusalem : CaersalemJordan : IorddonenKent : CaintLancashire : Sir Gaerhirfryn

Names in Finnish; Polish; Welsh 242

Lebanon : LibanusLeicester : CaerlyrLeominster : LlanllieniLiverpool : LerpwylLondon : LlundainLudlow : LlwydloManchester : ManceinionMediterranean Sea : Y Môr

CanoldirNetherlands : Yr IseldiroeddNewcastle : CastellnewyddNew York : Efrog NewyddNile : NilNorway : NorwyOrkney Islands : Ynysoedd ErchOswestry : CroesoswalltOxford : RhydychenPacific Ocean : Y Môr TawelPoland : Gwlad PwylPyrenees : PyrenauRed Sea : Y Môr CochRhine : RheinRome : RhufainRussia : RwsiaSalisbury : CaersallogScandinavia : LlychlynScotland : Yr AlbanSevern : HafrenShrewsbury : AmwythigSomerset : Gwlad-yr-hafSpain : Yr YsbaenSwitzerland : Y SwistirThames : TafwysTurkey : TwrciUnited States : Yr Unol

DalaethiauWest Indies : India’r GorllewinWinchester : Caer-wyntWorcester : CaerwrangonYork : Efrog

7. Chinese

Most Chinese names of non-Chinese places are phonetic ren-derings, given here in their ro-manized forms. Some arerecognisably close to the origi-nal, as dákÓ for Dhaka, lìmÓ forLima. Others are approxima-tions, allowing for the particu-larities of the Chinese language.Any name with r, for example,will usually have this letter ren-dered as l, as InkÓlI for Ankara,luÉmÓ for Rome. This resultsfrom the so-called “flied lice”phenomenon, occasioned by theabsence of r in Chinese. In other

cases, consonants are simplyomitted, as dInmài for Denmark,Iijí for Egypt. In some instancesthe name consists of a shortenedform of the non–Chinese place-name, usually that of the ac-cented syllable, followed by aChinese word. A well-known ex-ample is mfiizhÉu for America,where mfii is the stressed syllableof the name followed by ChinesezhÉu, “continent.” By contrast,the name of the United States ofAmerica is mfiiguó, with mfii fol-lowed by guó, “country,” “na-tion.” Chinese guó is found inother names, such as ynngguó forEngland, fÓguó for France (notethe omitted r.) Other “continent”names on the lines of mfiizhÉuare f`izhÉu for Africa, yàzhÉu forAsia, and ÉuzhÉu for Europe.

The Chinese ideograms usedfor transliteration purposes usu-ally have a meaning of theirown, although this is not under-stood in the placename. Thus,the mfii of America happens tomean “beautiful,” and the f`i ofAfrica means “wrong.” In niuyu`,the Chinese rendering of NewYork, niu properly means “but-ton,” while yu` is “to make anappointment,” and in bIlí, thetransliteration of Paris (with l forr), bI properly means “to hopeearnestly,” while lí is “multi-tude.” If taken literally, some ofthe Chinese meanings are hardlycomplimentary. America can beliterally interpreted as “beautifulcontinent,” but by the sametoken Asia could be understoodas “inferior continent,” sinceChinese yà means “inferior,”“second.” On the other hand,some names are descriptivelymeaningful, as for Antarctica, re-ferring to its location at theSouth Pole, or directly translate ageneric word, as for the PacificOcean, with its calm (“pacific”)waters.

Certain Chinese names do nottransliterate an internationalname but an indigenous one.The Chinese name of Korea, forexample, represents the Koreanname, while that of Belgium

phonetically represents the coun-try’s native French name.

The transliterations below,with parenthetical glosses whereappropriate, are printed lowercase to reflect the original, whilediacritics denote the four Chi-nese tones: (a) level (I), (b) ris-ing (á), (c) falling-rising (Ó), and(d) falling (à).

Accra : IkèlIAddis Ababa : yàdìsqyàbèibI

Aden : yàdnngchéngAfghanistan : Ifùhán (Persian

stan, “country,” omitted)Africa : f`izhÉu (zhÉu, “conti-

nent”)Alaska : IlIsnjiIAlbania : I’firbIníyàAlgeria : I’firjílìyàAlgiers : I’firjí’firAmerica : mfiizhÉu (zhÉu, “con-

tinent”)Amsterdam : ImusntèdInAngola : Ing`lIAnkara : InkÓlIAntarctica : nánjízhÉu (nán,

“south,” jí, “pole,” zhÉu, “con-tinent”)

Antarctic Regions : nánjídài(nán, “south,” jí, “pole,” dài,“belt”)

Arctic Ocean : bfiibnngyáng (bfii,“north,” bnng, “ice,” yáng,“ocean”)

Arctic Regions : bfiijídìdài (bfii,“north,” jí, “extreme,” dì,“land,” dài, “belt”)

Argentina : Ig`ntíngAsia : yàzhÉu (zhÉu, “continent”)Asunción : yàsÉngs`nAthens : yÓdiÓnAtlantic Ocean : dàxnyáng (dà,

“great,” xn, “west,” yáng,“ocean”)

Australia : àodàlìyàAustria : àodìlìBaghdad : bIgédáBalkan Mountains :

bI’firgInshIn (shIn, “moun-tains”)

Baltic Sea : bÉluódìhÓi (hÓi, “sea”)Bamako : bImÓk`

Bangkok : mànguBangladesh : mèngjiIlI (Bengali

desh, “country,” omitted)Bangui : bInjíBeirut : bèilutè

243 Names of Places in Chinese

Belgium : bqlìshí (representingFrench Belgique)

Belgrade : bèi’firgéláidéBenghazi : bInjiIxn

Berlin : bólínBerne : bó’firníBhutan : bùdInBlack Sea : h`ihÓi (h`i, “black,”

hÓi, “sea”)Bogotá: bÉg`dàBolivia : bÉlìwéiyàBonn : bÉ’`nBrasília : bIxnlìyàBrazil : bIxn

Brazzaville : bùlIcháiwéi’firBrussels : bùlusài’fir (representing

French Bruxelles)Bucharest : bùjiIlèsntèBudapest : bùdápèisnBuenos Aires : bùyínuòsn àilìsnBujumbura : bùqióngbùlIBulgaria : bÓojiIlìyàBurundi : bùlóngdíCairo : kIiluóCambodia: jiÓnpuzhàiCameroon : kImàilóngCanada : jiInádàCanberra : kInpéilICaracas : jiIlIjiIsnCaucasus : gIojiIsuÔ

Central African Republic : zhÉngf`i gònghéguó (zhÉng, “mid-dle,” f`i, “Africa,” gònghéguó,“republic,” from gòng “com-mon,” hé, “peace,” guó, “coun-try”)

Chad : zhàdéChile : zhìlìChina : zhÉngguó (zhÉng, “mid-

dle,” guó, “country”)Colombia : g`lúnbqyàColombo : k`lúnpÉ

Conakry : k`nàkèlqCongo : gIngguÔ

Copenhagen : g`bfinhIg`nCosta Rica : g`sndálíjiICrimea : kèlqmqyàCuba : gubI

Cyprus : sàipulùsnCzech Republic: jiékè gònghéguó

(gònghéguó, “republic”)Dakar : dákI’firDamascus : dámÓshìg`

Danube : duÉnÓohé (representingGerman Donau plus hé,“river”)

Dar es Salaam : dálèisn sàlImuDelhi : délqDenmark : dInmài

Dhaka : dákÓ

Dominican Republic :duÉmqníjiI gònghéguó(gònghéguó, “republic”)

Dublin : d¨bÓilínEcuador : èguIduÉ’firEgypt : IijíEngland : ynngguó (guó, “coun-

try”)English Channel : ynngjílì hÓixiá

(hÓixiá, “channel,” from hÓi,“sea,” xiá, “strait”)

Ethiopia :IisàiébqyàEurope : ÉuzhÉu (zhÉu, “conti-

nent”)Finland : f`nlánFrance : fÓguó (guó, “country”)Gabon : jiIpéngGambia: gIngbqyàGanges : hénghé (hé, “river”)Geneva : rìnèiwÓ

Germany : déyìzhì (representingGerman Deutschland but with-out -land )

Ghana : jiInàGibraltar : zhíbùluótuóGreat Britain : dàbùlièdiIn (dà,

“great”)Greece : xnlà (representing Greek

Hellas)Guatemala : w`idìmÓlIGuinea : jqnèiyàHague, The : hÓiyá (representing

French La Haye but withoutLa)

Haiti : hÓidìHavana : hIwÓnàHelsinki : hè’firxnnjnHimalayas : xqmÓlIyÓshIn (shIn,

“mountains”)Hiroshima : guÓngdÓo (guÓng,

“broad,” dÓo, “island,” trans-lating the Japanese)

Honduras : hóngd¨lIsnHong Kong : xiInggÓng (Hong

Kong is a corruption of Chi-nese xiIng, “fragrant,” gÓng,“harbor”)

Hungary : xiÉngyálìIceland : bnngdÓo (bnng, “ice,”

dÓo, “island”)India : yìndù (representing

Hindu)Indonesia : yìndùníxnyàIran : ynlÓngIraq : ynlIkèIreland : àifirlánIslamabad : ynsnlánbÓoIsrael : yqsèliè

Italy : yìdàlìJakarta : yÓjiIdáJapan : rìbfin (rì, “sun,” bfin, “ori-

gin,” translating the Japanese)Jordan : yu`dànKabul : kIbù’firKampala : kÓnpàlIKarachi : kÓlIqíKashmir : kèshímq’firKathmandu : jiIdémÓnd¨

Kenya : kfinníyàKhartoum : kItumùKigali : jnjiIlnKinshasa : jnnshIsàKolkata (Calcutta) : jiI’firgèdI

Korea : cháoxiIn (representingKorean Choson)

Kuala Lumpur : jílóngpÉ

Kuril Islands : qiIndÓo (qiIn,“thousand,” dÓo, “island,”translating Japanese name,from chi, “thousand,” shima,“island”)

Kuwait (country) : k`w`itèKuwait (city) : k`w`itèchéng

(chéng, “city”)Lagos: lIgèsnLaos : lÓowÉ

La Paz : lIbIsnLebanon : líbInùnLhasa : lIsàshìLiberia : lìbqlqyàLibreville : lìbówéi’firLibya : lìbqyàLima : lìmÓ

Lisbon : lqsnbfinLomé : luòmfiiLondon : lúndùnLuanda : luó’IndáLusaka : lúsàkÓ

Luxembourg : lús`nbÓoMadrid : mÓdélqMali : mÓlqMalaysia : mÓláixnyàMalta : mÓ’firtIManagua : mÓnàguI

Manila : mÓnílIMediterranean Sea : dìzhÉnghÓi

(dì, “land,” zhÉng, “middle,”hÓi, “sea”)

Mexico : mòxng`

Mexico City : mòxng`chéng(chéng, “city”)

Mogadishu : mójiIdíshI

Mongolia : mfingguMonrovia : mfingluówéiyàMontevideo : mfingdéwéidìyàMorocco : móluòg`

Moscow : mòsnk`

Names of Places in Chinese 244

Mozambique : mòsInbígfiiMumbai (Bombay) : mèngmÓiMyanmar (Burma) : miÓndiànNairobi : nèiluóbìNepal: níbó’firNetherlands : hélán (representing

Dutch Holland)New York : niuyu`

New Zealand : xnnxnlán (xnn,“new”)

Niamey : níyàmfiiNicaragua : níjiIlIguI

Nicosia : ník`xnyàNiger : nírì’firNigeria : nírìlìyàNorway : nuów`iOceania : dàyángzhÉu (dà,

“great,” yáng, “ocean,” zhÉu,“continent”)

Oslo : àosnlùOttawa : wòtàihuI

Pacific Ocean : tàipíngyáng (tài,“great,” píng, “smooth,” yáng,“ocean”)

Pakistan : bIjnsntÓnPalestine : bIl`sntÓnPanama : bInámÓ

Panama Canal : bInámÓ yùnhé(yùnhé, “canal,” from yùn,“transport,” hé, “river”)

Panama City : bInámÓchéng(chéng, “city”)

Paraguay : bIlIgun

Paris : bIlíPeru : mìluPhilippines : ffiilübìnPhnom Penh : jnnbiInPort-au-Prince : tàizqgÓng (tàizq,

“crown prince,” from tài,“greatest,” zq, “son,” gÓng,“port”)

Porto-Novo : bÉduÉnuòfúPortugal : pútÓoyáPrague : bùlIgéPuerto Rico : bÉduÉlígèQuito : jnduÉ

Rabat : lIbItèReykjavík : léikèyÓwèikèRiyadh : lìyÓdéRome : luÉmÓ

Russia : éluósnRwanda : lúwàngdáSana : sànàSan José : shèngyu`sèSan Juan : shènghú’InSan Salvador : shèngsà’firwÓduÉ

Santiago : shèngdìyàg`

Santo Domingo : shèng-duÉmínggè

Saudi Arabia : shItè IlIbóSenegal : sàinèijiI’firSeoul : hànchéng (hán, “Han

[River],” chéng, “city”)Siberia : xnbólìyàSingapore : xnnjiIpÉ

Slovakia : snluòfákèSofia : suÔf`iyàSomalia : suÔmÓlqSouth Africa : nánf`i (nán,

“south,” f`i, “Africa”)Spain : xnbInyá (representing

Spanish España)Sri Lanka : snlq lánkÓ

Stockholm : sndég`’firmóSudan : s¨dInSuez Canal : s¨ynshì yùnhé

(yùnhé, “canal”)Sweden : ruìdiÓnSwitzerland : ruìshì (representing

French Suisse)Syria : xùlìyàTaiwan : táiwIn

Tanzania : tÓnsIngníyàTegucigalpa : tèguxnjiI’firbI

Tehran : déh`ilánTel-Aviv : táilIwéif¨Thailand : tàiguó (guó, “land”)Tibet : xnzàng (xn, “west,” zàng,

“storehouse”)Tiranë : dìlInàTogo : duÉg`

Tokyo : dÉngjnng (dÉng, “east,”jnng, “capital,” translating theJapanese)

Tunis : t¨nísnTunisia : t¨nísnTurkey : tu’firqíUganda : w¨gàndáUlan Bator: w¨lánbItuÉ

United States of America :mfiiguó (mfii, “America,” guó,“country”)

Ural Mountains : w¨lI’fir shIn-mài (shInmài, “range,” fromshIn, “mountain,” mài,“veins”)

Uruguay : w¨lIgun

Valetta : wÓláitÓVenezuela : wfiinèiruìlIVienna : wéiyfinàVientiane : wànxiàngVietnam : yuènánVladivostok : fúlIdíwòsntuÉkèVolga : fú’firjiIhéWarsaw : huIshI

Washington : huIshèngdùnWellington : huìlíngdùnYangon (Rangoon) : yÓngguIngYaoundé : yÓw`ndéYemen : yfiménZambia : zànbqyà

245 Names of Places in Chinese

Abbotsbury (village, southernEngland) : Abbotsea (ThomasHardy)

Abingdon (town, southern En-gland) : Babington (DorothyRichardson)

Adelboden (town, southwesternSwitzerland) : Oberland(Dorothy Richardson)

Affpuddle (village, southern En-gland) : East Egdon (ThomasHardy

Aldershot (town, southern En-gland) : Quartershot (ThomasHardy)

Alton (town, southern England):Galton (Compton Macken-zie)

Ampthill (town, east central En-gland) : Cowfold (MarkRutherford)

Anoka (town, Minnesota, UnitedStates) : Lake Wobegon (Gar-rison Keillor)

Arbroath (town, eastern Scot-land) : (1) Fairport (WalterScott); (2) Redlintie ( J.M.Barrie)

Arbuthnott (village, eastern Scot-

land) : Kinraddie (Lewis Gras-sic Gibbon)

Ashbourne (town, central En-gland) : Oakbourne (GeorgeEliot)

Asheville (city, North Carolina,eastern United States) : (1) Al-tamont; (2) Libya Hill(Thomas Wolfe)

Astley (village, central England) :Knebley (George Eliot)

Auburn see 3Auburn in main en-tries.

Baltimore (city, Maryland, north-eastern United States) :Bridgepoint (Gertrude Stein)

Banbury (town, south centralEngland) : Candleford (FloraThompson)

Barnstaple (town, southwesternEngland) : Downstable(Thomas Hardy)

Basingstoke (town, southern En-gland) : Stoke-Barehills(Thomas Hardy)

Bay Roberts (town, Newfound-land, eastern Canada) : Peter-port (R.T.S. Lowell)

Beaminster (town, southern En-

gland) : Emminster (ThomasHardy)

Bedford (town, east central En-gland) : Eastthorpe (MarkRutherford)

Benicia (city, California, south-western United States) : SanSpirito (Sinclair Lewis)

Berau (village, northwestern NewGuinea) : Sambir ( JosephConrad)

Bere Regis (village, southern En-gland) : Kingsbere (ThomasHardy)

Berkshire (county, south centralEngland) : North Wessex(Thomas Hardy)

Birmingham (city, central En-gland) : (1) Birchester (W.H.Mallock); (2) North Brom-wich (Francis Brett Young);(3) Rummidge (David Lodge)

Birstall (village, northern En-gland) : Briarfield (CharlotteBrontë)

Blandford Forum (town, south-ern England) : ShottsfordForum (Thomas Hardy)

Blundeston (village, eastern

246

Appendix II:Fictional Names of Places

A number of places, some well known, others less so, appear under alternate names in

works of fiction. The following is a selection, based largely on the sources listed at the end.

Real names with identities and locations are given first, with their fictional names and the

author in whose works they occur. Different names for one and the same place are numbered

for distinction, as the three names for Birmingham, but where such names occur in the works

of a single author, the author’s name appears only once, following the enumeration, as the five

different names for Eastwood, all in the writings of D.H. Lawrence.

Some fictional places, such as Mark Twain’s Pikesville and Pokeville, cannot be precisely or

even partially identified with a real place, so cannot justifiably be included below.

A cross-referenced listing of fictional names to real names follows the main listing.

England) : Blunderstone(Charles Dickens)

Boscastle (village, southwesternEngland) : Castle Boterel(Thomas Hardy)

Bournemouth (city, southern En-gland) : Sandbourne (ThomasHardy)

Bradenham (village, south centralEngland) : Hurstley (BenjaminDisraeli)

Bradford (city, northern En-gland) : (1) Bruddersford ( J.B.Priestley); (2) Stradhoughton(Keith Waterhouse); (3) War-ley ( John Braine)

Bridlington (town, northeasternEngland) : Bretton (CharlotteBrontë)

Bridport (town, southern En-gland) : Port-Bredy (ThomasHardy)

Bromley (town, southeastern En-gland) : (1) Boystone (V.S.Pritchett); (2) Bromstead(H.G. Wells)

Brussels (city, central Belgium) :Villette (Charlotte Brontë)

Bude (town, southwestern En-gland) : Stratleigh (ThomasHardy)

Bulkington (village, centralEngland) : Raveloe (GeorgeEliot)

Burford (town, south central En-gland) : Wychford (ComptonMackenzie)

Burslem (town, central England): Bursley (Arnold Bennett)

Cairo (town, Illinois, north cen-tral United States) : Eden(Charles Dickens)

Camelford (town, southwesternEngland) : Camelton (ThomasHardy)

Canterbury (city, southeasternEngland) : (1) Cambry (RussellHoban); (2) Tercanbury (W.Somerset Maugham)

Capri (island, southwestern Italy): (1) Nepenthe (NormanDouglas); (2) Sirene (Comp-ton Mackenzie)

Cerne Abbas (village, southernEngland) : Abbot’s Cernel(Thomas Hardy)

Chapala (city, central Mexico) :Sayula (D.H. Lawrence)

Chapel Hill (town, North Car-

olina, eastern United States) :Pulpit Hill (Thomas Wolfe)

Charminster (village, southernEngland) : Charmley (ThomasHardy)

Chatham (town, southeasternEngland) : (1) Dullborough;(2) Mudfog (Charles Dickens)

Chilvers Cotton (village, centralEngland) : Shepperton(George Eliot)

Chipping Camden (town, southcentral England) : Northbridge(Angela Thirkell)

Church Stretton (town, west cen-tral England) : Shepwardine(Mary Webb)

Clovelly (village, southwesternEngland) : (1) Aberalva(Charles Kingsley); (2) Steep-ways (Charles Dickens)

Clun (village, west central En-gland) : Dysgwlfas-on-the-Wild Moors (Mary Webb)

Combray see Illiers-Combray inmain entries.

Corfe Castle (village, southernEngland) : Corvsgate Castle(Thomas Hardy)

Cornwall (county, southwesternEngland) : Nether Wessex(Thomas Hardy)

Cortland (city, New York, north-eastern United States) : Lycur-gus (Theodore Dreiser)

Cossall (village, central England): Cossethay (D.H. Lawrence)

Cottisford (village, south centralEngland) : Forflow (FloraThompson)

Coventry (city, central England) :(1) Middlemarch (GeorgeEliot); (2) Treby Magna(George Eliot)

Coyoacán (city, central Mexico) :Tlacolula (D.H. Lawrence)

Cranborne (village, southern En-gland) : Chaseborough(Thomas Hardy)

Cullen (village, northeasternScotland) : Portlossie (GeorgeMacdonald)

Cumnor (village, south centralEngland) : Lumsdon (ThomasHardy)

Darlington (town, northeasternEngland) : Stuffington (W.M.Thackeray)

Dartington (village, southwestern

England) : Darling ( James An-thony Froude)

Dent (town, northwestern En-gland) : Millfield (Ivy Comp-ton-Burnett)

Derby (city, central England) :Stoniton (George Eliot)

Derbyshire (county, central En-gland) : Loamshire (GeorgeEliot)

Devon (county, southwesternEngland) : Lower Wessex(Thomas Hardy)

Dewsbury (town, northern En-gland) : Cressley (StanBarstow)

Diss (town, eastern England) :Deerbrook (Harriet Mar-tineau)

Dorchester (town, southern En-gland) : Casterbridge (ThomasHardy)

Dorset (county, southern En-gland) : South Wessex(Thomas Hardy)

Dovedale (valley, north centralEngland) : Eagledale (GeorgeEliot)

Dunbeath (village, northeasternScotland) : Dunster (NeilGunn)

Dunster (village, southwesternEngland) : Markton (ThomasHardy)

Eastbourne (town, southeasternEngland) : Westbourne (SusanHill)

East Chaldon (village, southernEngland) : Folly Down (T.F.Powys)

Eastwood (town, central En-gland) : (1) Beldover; (2) Best-wood; (3) Eberwich; (4) Tev-ershall; (5) Woodhouse (D.H.Lawrence)

Eaton Socon (village, eastern En-gland) : Eton Slocomb(Charles Dickens)

Ecclefechan (town, southernScotland) : Entepfuhl (ThomasCarlyle)

Ellastone (village, central England): Hayslope (George Eliot)

Ethiopia (country, northeasternAfrica) : (1) Azania; (2) Ish-maelia (Evelyn Waugh)

Evershot (village, southern En-gland) : Evershead (ThomasHardy)

247 Real Names : Fictional Names

Exeter (city, southwestern En-gland) : (1) Chatteris (W.M.Thackeray); (2) Exonbury(Thomas Hardy)

Faroe Islands (northern Atlantic): Norlands ( John Buchan)

Fawley (village, southern En-gland) : Marygreen (ThomasHardy)

Fleet (hamlet, southern England): Moonfleet ( J. MeadeFalkner)

Fleetwood (town, northwesternEngland) : Sandyshore (MaryLouisa Molesworth)

Florida (village, Missouri, centralUnited States) : Hawkeye(Mark Twain)

Folkestone (town, southeasternEngland) : (1) Fork Stoan(Russell Hoban); (2) Pavilion-stone (Charles Dickens)

Fordington (suburb of Dorch-ester, southern England) :Durnover (Thomas Hardy)

Fortuneswell (town, southernEngland) : Street of Wells(Thomas Hardy)

Fowey (town, southwestern En-gland) : Troy Town (ArthurQuiller-Couch)

Frampton (village, southern En-gland) : Scrimpton (ThomasHardy)

Fredonia (town, New York,northeastern United States) :Hadleyburg (Mark Twain)

Gainsborough (town, east centralEngland) : St. Ogg’s (GeorgeEliot)

Glasgow (city, south centralScotland) : Unthank (AlasdairGray)

Gloucester (city, western En-gland) : Aldminster ( JoannaTrollope)

Gloucestershire (county, westernEngland) : Rutshire ( JillyCooper)

Grayshott (village, southern En-gland) : Heatherley (FloraThompson)

Great Bookham (village, south-eastern England) : Highbury( Jane Austen)

Great Clacton (town, eastern En-gland) : Millfield (Ivy Comp-ton-Burnett)

Greenville (city, South Carolina,

southeastern United States) :Blackstone (Thomas Wolfe)

Halifax (town, northern En-gland) : Annotsfield (PhyllisBentley)

Hampshire (county, southernEngland) : (1) Barset or Barset-shire (Anthony Trollope); (2)Upper Wessex (ThomasHardy)

Hanley (town, central England) :Hanbridge (Arnold Bennett)

Hannibal (city, Missouri, centralUnited States) : (1) Dawson’sLanding; (2) St. Petersburg(Mark Twain)

Harrisburg (city, Pennsylvania,northeastern United States) :Fort Penn ( John O’Hara)

Harrogate (town, northern En-gland) : Brawton ( James Her-riot)

Hartlepool (town, northeasternEngland) : Cockleton (W.M.Thackeray)

Hartshead (village, northern En-gland) : Nunnelly (CharlotteBronte)

Hastings (town, southeastern En-gland) : Mugsborough (RobertTressell)

Hathersage (village, north centralEngland) : Morton (CharlotteBrontë)

Hazelbury Bryan (village, south-ern England) : Nuttlebury(Thomas Hardy)

Henley-on-Thames (town, southcentral England) : (1) LowerBinfield (George Orwell); (2)Thames Lockenden (PatrickHamilton)

Herkimer County (New York,northeastern United States) :Cataraqui County (TheodoreDreiser)

Higham on the Hill (village, cen-tral England) : Tripplegate(George Eliot)

Holmbury St. Mary (village,southeastern England) : Sum-mer Street (E.M. Forster)

Huddersfield (town, northernEngland) : Annotsfield (PhyllisBentley)

Hugh Town (town, Isles of Scilly,southwestern England) :Giant’s Town (Thomas Hardy)

Illiers (town, north central

France) : Combray (MarcelProust)

Irvine (town, west central Scot-land) : Gudetown ( John Galt)

Isle of Portland (peninsula,southern England) : Isle ofSlingers (Thomas Hardy)

Isles of Scilly (southwestern En-gland) : Isles of Lyonesse(Thomas Hardy)

Jamestown (town, Tennessee, eastcentral United States) : Obed-stown (Mark Twain)

Jersey City (city, New Jersey,northeastern United States) :Packer City (Francis T. Field)

Juniper Hill (hamlet, south cen-tral England) : Lark Rise (FloraThompson)

Katha (town, north centralMyanmar) : Kyautada (GeorgeOrwell)

Kelmscott (village, south centralEngland) : Hurstcote(Theodore Watts-Dunton)

Kendal (town, northwestern En-gland) : Pencaster ( John Cun-liffe)

Kilbarrack (suburb of Dublin,eastern Ireland) : Barrytown(Roddy Doyle)

Kirkby Lonsdale (town, north-western England) : Lowton(Charlotte Brontë)

Kirriemuir (town, east centralScotland) : Thrums ( J.M. Bar-rie)

Knoxville (city, Tennessee, eastcentral United States) :Delisleville (Frances HodgsonBurnett)

Knutsford (town, northwesternEngland) : (1) Cranford; (2)Hollingford (ElizabethGaskell); (3) Mallingford(Mary Louisa Molesworth)

Lafayette County (Mississippi,southern United States) : Yok-napatawpha County (WilliamFaulkner)

Langar (village, central England): Battersby (Samuel Butler)

Laugharne (village, southernWales) : Llareggub (DylanThomas)

Launceston (town, southwesternEngland) : St. Launce’s(Thomas Hardy)

Leek (town, central England) : (1)

Appendix II 248

Axe; (2) Manefold (ArnoldBennett)

Letcombe Bassett (village, southcentral England) : Cresscombe(Thomas Hardy)

Little Easton (village, eastern En-gland) : Matchings Easy (H.G.Wells)

Longton (town, central En-gland) : Longshaw (ArnoldBennett)

Lykens (town, Pennsylvania,northeastern United States) :Lyons ( John O’Hara)

Lyme Regis (town, southern En-gland) : Buddlecombe (HenryHandel Richardson)

Lytchett Minster (village, south-ern England) : Flychett(Thomas Hardy)

Maiden Newton (village, south-ern England) : Chalk Newton(Thomas Hardy)

Maidstone (town, southeasternEngland) : Muggleton (CharlesDickens)

Manchester (city, north centralEngland) : (1) Doomington(Louis Golding); (2) Drum-ble; (3) Milton (ElizabethGaskell)

Marion (town, Massachusetts,northeastern United States) :Marmion (Henry James)

Marion City (village, Missouri,central United States) :Goshen (Mark Twain)

Marlborough (town, southernEngland) : Marlbury (ThomasHardy)

Marnhull (village, southern En-gland) : Marlott (ThomasHardy)

Martin (village, southern En-gland) : Winterbourne Bishop(W.H. Hudson)

Melbury Osmond (village,southern England) : GreatHintock (Thomas Hardy)

Midhurst (town, southern En-gland) : Wimblehurst (H.G.Wells)

Milborne Port (town, southernEngland) : Millpool (ThomasHardy)

Milton Abbas (village, southernEngland) : Middleton Abbey(Thomas Hardy)

Minneapolis (city, Minnesota,

northern United States) :Zenith (Sinclair Lewis)

Montacute (village, southwesternEngland) : Nevilton ( JohnCowper Powys)

Moorgreen Reservoir (central En-gland) : (1) Nethermere; (2)Willey Water (D.H. Lawrence)

Napoleon (town, Arkansas, southcentral United States) :Bricksville (Mark Twain)

Neuwied (city, western Ger-many) : Sarkeld (GeorgeMeredith)

New Brunswick (city, New Jer-sey, northeastern UnitedStates) : New Boynton (FrancisT. Field)

Newbury (town, southern En-gland) : Kennetbridge(Thomas Hardy)

Newcastle-under-Lyme (town,central England) : Oldcastle(Arnold Bennett)

Newchurch (village, northernEngland) : Goldshaw (Harri-son Ainsworth)

Norbury (village, central En-gland) : Norburne (GeorgeEliot)

Nottingham (city, central En-gland) : (1) Knarborough(D.H. Lawrence); (2) Not-twich (Grahame Greene)

Nuneaton (town, central En-gland) : Milby (George Eliot)

Oban (town, western Scotland) :Port (Alan Warner)

Ochiltree (village, western Scot-land) : Barbie (George DouglasBrown)

Ottery St. Mary (town, south-western England) : ClaveringSt. Mary (W.M. Thackeray)

Owermoigne (village, southernEngland) : Nether Moynton(Thomas Hardy)

1Oxford (city, south central En-gland) : Christminster(Thomas Hardy)

2Oxford (city, Mississippi, south-ern United States) : Jefferson(William Faulkner)

Palmyra (town, Missouri, centralUnited States) : Constantino-ple (Mark Twain)

Peebles (town, southern Scot-land) : Priorsford (O. Douglas)

Pentridge (village, southern En-

gland) : Trantridge (ThomasHardy)

Penzance (town, southwesternEngland) : Pen-Zephyr(Thomas Hardy)

Perth Amboy (city, New Jersey,northeastern United States) :Port Alby (Francis T. Field)

Piddletrenthide (village, southernEngland) : Longpuddle(Thomas Hardy)

Poole (town, southern England) :Havenpool (Thomas Hardy)

Port Jervis (town, New York,northeastern United States) :Whilomville (Stephen Crane)

Portofino (village, northwesternItaly) : Castagneto (“Elizabeth”[Elizabeth von Arnim])

1Portsmouth (city, southern En-gland) : Lymport (GeorgeMeredith)

2Portsmouth (city, New Hamp-shire, northeastern UnitedStates) : Rivermouth (T.B.Aldrich)

Pottsville (city, Pennsylvania,northeastern United States) :(1) Gibbsville ( John O’Hara);(2) Vermissa (Arthur ConanDoyle)

1Preston (town, northwestern En-gland) : Coketown (CharlesDickens)

2Preston (village, southern En-gland) : Creston (ThomasHardy)

Puddletown (village, southernEngland) : Weatherbury(Thomas Hardy)

Ramsgate (town, southeasternEngland) : Ram (RussellHoban)

Reading (town, south central En-gland) : (1) Aldbrickham(Thomas Hardy); (2) BelfordRegis (Mary Russell Mitford)

Redruth (town, southwesternEngland) : Redrutin (ThomasHardy)

Ringwood (town, southern En-gland) : Oozewood (ThomasHardy)

Robin Hood’s Bay (village,northeastern England) : Bram-blewick (Leo Walmsley)

Rocester (village, central En-gland) : Rosseter (GeorgeEliot)

249 Real Names : Fictional Names

Rochester (city, southeastern En-gland) : (1) Cloisterham; (2)Dullborough (Charles Dick-ens)

Roston (village, central England): Broxton (George Eliot)

Rye (town, southeastern En-gland) : Tilling (E.F. Benson)

St. Ives (town, southwestern En-gland) : Porthkerris(Rosamund Pilcher)

St. Juliot (village, southwesternEngland) : Endelstow(Thomas Hardy)

Salisbury (city, southern En-gland) : (1) Barchester (An-thony Trollope); (2) Melch-ester (Thomas Hardy)

Salisbury Plain (plateau, southernEngland) : Great Plain(Thomas Hardy)

Sandaig (hamlet, western Scot-land) : Camusfearna (GavinMaxwell)

Sandgate (village, southeasternEngland) : Bonnycliff(Dorothy Richardson)

Sandwich (town, southeasternEngland) : Sunwich Port(W.W. Jacobs)

Sauk Centre (town, Minnesota,northern United States) : (1)Gopher Prairie; (2) Joralemon(Sinclair Lewis)

Saverton (town, Missouri, centralUnited States) : Hookerville(Mark Twain)

Shaftesbury (town, southwesternEngland) : Shaston (ThomasHardy)

Sheffield (city, northern England): Hillsborough (Charles Reade)

Sherborne (town, southwesternEngland) : (1) Ramsgard ( JohnCowper Powys); (2) ShertonAbbas (Thomas Hardy)

Shifnal (town, west central En-gland) : Market Blandings(P.G. Wodehouse)

Shrewsbury (town, west centralEngland) : Silverton (MaryWebb)

Shropham (village, eastern En-gland) : Dulditch (MaryMann)

Sidmouth (town, southwesternEngland) : (1) Baymouth(W.M. Thackeray); (2) Sandi-ton ( Jane Austen)

Silverdale (village, northwesternEngland) : Abermouth (Eliza-beth Gaskell)

Silverton (village, southwesternEngland) : Silverthorn(Thomas Hardy)

Sint-Truiden (town, east centralBelgium) : Longres (AldousHuxley)

Sligo (town, northwestern Ire-land) : Ballah (W.B. Yeats)

Somerset (county, southwesternEngland) : Outer Wessex(Thomas Hardy)

Southampton (city, southern En-gland) : Bevishampton(George Meredith)

South Harting (village, southernEngland) : Siddermorton(H.G. Wells)

Southsea (town, southern En-gland) : Solentsea (ThomasHardy)

Southwold (town, eastern En-gland) : Hardborough (Pene-lope Fitzgerald)

Staffordshire (county, central En-gland) : Stonyshire (GeorgeEliot)

Stinsford (village, southern En-gland) : (1) Mellstock; (2) Tol-lamore (Thomas Hardy)

Stockingford (village, central En-gland) : (1) Paddiford; (2)Whittlecombe (George Eliot)

Stoke-on-Trent (town, centralEngland) : Knype (ArnoldBennett)

Stromness (town, northern Scot-land) : Hamnavoe (GeorgeMackay Brown)

Sturminster Newton (town,southern England) : Stourcas-tle (Thomas Hardy)

Sudbury (town, eastern England): Eatanswill (Charles Dickens)

Swanage (town, southern En-gland) : Knollsea (ThomasHardy)

Syston (village, east central En-gland) : Willingham (WalterScott)

Tarbert (village, western Scot-land) : Brieston ( John Mac-Dougall Hay)

Tarrant Hinton (village, southernEngland) : Trantridge(Thomas Hardy)

Taunton (town, southwestern

England) : Toneborough(Thomas Hardy)

Tewkesbury (town, western En-gland) : Nortonbury (DinahCraik)

Theale (village, south central En-gland) : Gaymead (ThomasHardy)

Thirsk (town, northern England): Darrowby ( James Herriot)

Tincleton (village, southern En-gland) : Stickleford (ThomasHardy)

Tiverton (town, southwesternEngland) : Tivworthy(Thomas Hardy)

Tolpuddle (village, southern En-gland) : Tolchurch (ThomasHardy)

Tonbridge (town, southeasternEngland) : Sawston (E.M.Forster)

Torquay (town, southwesternEngland) : Tor-upon-Sea(Thomas Hardy)

Trent (river, central England) :Floss (George Eliot)

Troy Town (hamlet, southernEngland) : Roy-Town(Thomas Hardy)

Truro (town, southwestern En-gland) : (1) Polchester (HughWalpole); (2) Trufal (ThomasHardy)

1Tunstall (town, central England): Turnhill (Arnold Bennett)

2Tunstall (village, northwesternEngland) : Brocklebridge(Charlotte Brontë)

Turville Heath (village, south-eastern England) : Rapstone( John Mortimer)

Underwood (village, central En-gland) : Nuttall (D.H.Lawrence)

Valencia (city, northernVenezuela) : Sulaco ( JosephConrad)

Wakefield (city, northern En-gland) : (1) Dunfield (GeorgeGissing); (2) Highfield (DavidStorey); (3) Mirefields (MorleyRoberts)

Wantage (town, south centralEngland) : Alfredston(Thomas Hardy)

Wareham (town, southern En-gland) : Anglebury (ThomasHardy)

Appendix II 250

Weimar (city, southern Ger-many) : (1) Kalbsbraten; (2)Pumpernickel (W.M. Thack-eray)

Wells (town, southwestern En-gland) : Fountall (ThomasHardy)

Weston under Lizard (village,west central England) : Bland-ings Parva (P.G. Wodehouse)

West Stafford (village, southernEngland) : Lew Everard(Thomas Hardy)

Weyhill (village, southern En-gland) : Weydon Priors(Thomas Hardy)

Weymouth (town, southern En-gland) : (1) Budmouth Regis;(2) Melport (Thomas Hardy)

Whitby (town, northeastern En-gland) : (1) Burnharbour (LeoWalmsley); (2) Monkshaven(Elizabeth Gaskell)

Whitstable (town, southeasternEngland) : Blackstable (W.Somerset Maugham)

Wiesbaden (city, western Ger-many) : Roulettenburg (Fyo-dor Dostoevsky)

Willenhall (town, central En-gland) : Wodgate (BenjaminDisraeli)

Wiltshire (county, southern En-gland) : (1) Barset or Barset-shire (Anthony Trollope); (2)Mid Wessex (Thomas Hardy)

Wimborne Minster (town,southern England) : Warborne(Thomas Hardy)

Winchester (city, southern En-gland) : (1) Barchester (An-thony Trollope); (2) Hillstone(Florence Marryat); (3)Thurchester ( Charles Palliser);(4) Wintoncester (ThomasHardy)

Wirksworth (town, central En-gland) : Snowfield (GeorgeEliot)

Wool (village, southern England): Wellbridge (Thomas Hardy)

Wychwood Forest (south centralEngland) : Witch Wood ( JohnBuchan)

Yeovil (town, south western En-gland) : Ivel (Thomas Hardy)

Zell am Zee (town, west centralAustria) : Kaprun (D.H.Lawrence)

Cross References—Fictional Names toReal Names

Abbot’s Cernel : Cerne AbbasAbbotsea : AbbotsburyAberalva : ClovellyAbermouth : SilverdaleAldbrickham : ReadingAldminster : GloucesterAlfredston : WantageAltamont : AshevilleAnglebury : WarehamAnnotsfield : (1) Halifax;

(2) HuddersfieldAxe : LeekAzania : EthiopiaBabington : AbingdonBallah : SligoBarbie : OchiltreeBarchester : (1) Salisbury;

(2) WinchesterBarrytown : KilbarrackBarset : (1) Hampshire; (2) Wilt-

shireBarsetshire : (1) Hampshire;

(2) WiltshireBattersby : LangarBaymouth : SidmouthBeldover : EastwoodBelford Regis : ReadingBestwood : EastwoodBevishampton : SouthamptonBirchester : BirminghamBlackstable : WhitstableBlackstone : GreenvilleBlandings Parva : Weston under

LizardBlunderstone : BlundestonBonnycliff : SandgateBoystone : BromleyBramblewick : Robin Hood’s BayBrawton : HarrogateBretton : BridlingtonBriarfield : BirstallBricksville : NapoleonBridgepoint : BaltimoreBrieston : TarbertBrocklebridge : 2TunstallBromstead : BromleyBroxton : RostonBruddersford : BradfordBuddlecombe : Lyme RegisBudmouth Regis : WeymouthBurnharbour : WhitbyBursley : BurslemCambry : CanterburyCamelton : Camelford

Camusfearna : SandaigCandleford : BanburyCastagneto : PortofinoCasterbridge : DorchesterCastle Boterel : BoscastleCataraqui County : Herkimer

CountyChalk Newton : Maiden NewtonCharmley : CharminsterChaseborough : CranborneChatteris : ExeterChristminster : 1OxfordClavering St. Mary : Ottery St.

MaryCloisterham : RochesterCockleton : HartlepoolCoketown : 1PrestonCombray : IlliersConstantinople : PalmyraCorvsgate Castle : Corfe CastleCossethay : CossallCowfold : AmpthillCranford : KnutsfordCresscombe : Letcombe BassettCressley : DewsburyCreston : 2PrestonDarling : DartingtonDarrowby : ThirskDawson’s Landing: HannibalDeerbrook : DissDelisleville : KnoxvilleDoomington : ManchesterDownstable : BarnstapleDrumble : ManchesterDulditch : ShrophamDullborough : ChathamDunfield : WakefieldDunster : DunbeathDurnover : FordingtonDysgwlfas-on-the-Wild-Moors :

ClunEagledale : DovedaleEast Egdon : AffpuddleEastthorpe : BedfordEatanswill : SudburyEberwich : EastwoodEden : CairoEmminster : BeaminsterEndelstow : St. JuliotEntepfuhl : EcclefechanEton Slocomb : Eaton SoconEvershead : EvershotExonbury : ExeterFairport : ArbroathFloss : TrentFlychett : Lytchett MinsterFolly Down : East ChaldonFordlow : CottisfordFork Stoan : Folkestone

251 Fictional Names : Real Names

Fort Penn : HarrisburgFountall : WellsFredonia : HadleyburgGalton : AltonGaymead : ThealeGiant’s Town : Hugh TownGibbsville : PottsvilleGoldshaw : NewchurchGopher Prairie : Sauk CentreGoshen : Marion CityGreat Hintock : Melbury

OsmondGreat Plain : Salisbury PlainGudetown : IrvineHamnavoe : StromnessHanbridge : HanleyHardborough : SouthwoldHavenpool : PooleHawkeye : FloridaHayslope : EllastoneHeatherley : GrayshottHighbury : Great BookhamHighfield : WakefieldHillsborough : SheffieldHillstone : WinchesterHollingford : KnutsfordHookerville : SavertonHutscote : KelmscottHurstley : BradenhamIshmaelia : EthiopiaIsle of Slingers : Isle of PortlandIsles of Lyonesse : Isles of ScillyIvel : YeovilJefferson : 2OxfordJoralemon : Sauk CentreKalbsbraten : WeimarKaprun : Zell am SeeKennetbridge : NewburyKingsbere : Bere RegisKing’s Hintock : Melbury

OsmondKnarborough : NottinghamKnebley : AstleyKnollsea : SwanageKnype : Stoke-on-TrentKyautada : KathaLake Wobegon : AnokaLark Rise : Juniper HillLew Everard : West StaffordLibya Hill : AshevilleLlareggub : LaugharneLoamshire : DerbyshireLongpuddle : PiddletrenthideLongres : Sint-TruidenLongshaw : LongtonLower Binfield : Henley-on-

ThamesLower Wessex : DevonLowton : Kirkby Lonsdale

Lumsdon : CumnorLycurgus : CortlandLymport : 1PortsmouthLyons : LykensMallingford : KnutsfordManefold : LeekMarket Blandings : ShifnalMarkton : DunsterMarlbury : MarlboroughMarlott : MarnhullMarmion : MarionMarygreen : FawleyMatchings Easy : Little EastonMelbury Osmond : Great Hin-

tockMelchester : SalisburyMellstock : StinsfordMelport : WeymouthMiddlemarch : CoventryMiddleton Abbey : Milton AbbasMid Wessex : WiltshireMilby : NuneatonMillfield : (1) Dent; (2) Great

ClactonMillpool : Milborne PortMilton : ManchesterMirefields : WakefieldMonkshaven : WhitbyMoonfleet : FleetMorton : HathersageMudfog : ChathamMuggleton : MaidstoneMugsborough : HastingsNepenthe : CapriNethermere : Moorgreen Reser-

voirNether Moynton : OwermoigneNether Wessex : CornwallNevilton : MontacuteNew Boynton : New BrunswickNorburne : NorburyNorlands : Faroe IslandsNorthbridge : Chipping Camp-

denNorth Bromwich : BirminghamNorth Wessex : BerkshireNortonbury : TewkesburyNottwich : NottinghamNunnelly : HartsheadNuttall : UnderwoodNuttlebury : Hazelbury BryanOakbourne : AshbourneObedstown : JamestownOberland : AdelbodenOozewood : RingwoodOuter Wessex : SomersetPacker City : Jersey CityPaddiford : StockingfordPavilionstone : Folkestone

Pencaster : KendalPen-Zephyr : PenzancePeterport : Bay RobertsPolchester : TruroPort : ObanPort Alby : Perth AmboyPort-Bredy : BridportPorth Kerris : St. IvesPortlossie : CullenPriorsford : PeeblesPulpit Hill : Chapel HillPumpernickel : WeimarQuartershot : AldershotRam : RamsgateRamsgard : SherborneRapstone : Turville HeathRaveloe : BulkingtonRedlintie : ArbroathRedrutin : RedruthRivermouth : 2PortsmouthRoulettenburg : WiesbadenRoy-Town : Troy TownRummidge : BirminghamRutshire : GloucestershireSt. Launce’s : LauncestonSt. Ogg’s : GainsboroughSt. Petersburg : HannibalSambir : BerauSanditon : SidmouthSan Spirito : BeniciaSandbourne : BournemouthSandyshore : FleetwoodSarkeld : NeuwiedSawston : TonbridgeSayula : ChapalaScrimpton : FramptonShaston : ShaftesburyShepperton : Chilvers CottonShepwardine : Church StrettonSherton Abbas : SherborneShottsford Forum : Blandford

ForumSiddermorton : South HartingSilverthorn : SilvertonSilverton : ShrewsburySirene : CapriSnowfield : WirksworthSolentsea : SouthseaSouth Wessex : DorsetSteepways : ClovellyStickleford : TincletonStoke-Barehills : BasingstokeStoniton : DerbyStonyshire : StaffordshireStourcastle : Sturminster NewtonStradhoughton : BradfordStratleigh : BudeStreet of Wells : FortuneswellStuffington : Darlington

Appendix II 252

Sulaco : ValenciaSummer Street : Holmbury St.

MarySunwich Port : SandwichTercanbury : CanterburyTevershall : EastwoodThames Lockenden : Henley-on-

ThamesThrums : KirriemuirThurchester : WinchesterTilling : RyeTivworthy : TivertonTlacolula : CoyoacánTolchurch : TolpuddleTollamore : StinsfordToneborough : TauntonTor-upon-Sea : TorquayTrantridge : PentridgeTrantridge : Tarrant HintonTreby Magna : CoventryTripplegate : Higham on the HillTroy Town : FoweyTrufal : TruroTurnhill : 1TunstallUnthank : GlasgowUpper Wessex : HampshireVermissa : PottsvilleVillette : BrusselsWarborne : Wimborne MinsterWarley : BradfordWeatherbury : PuddletownWellbridge : WoolWestbourne : EastbourneWeydon Priors : WeyhillWhilomville : Port JervisWhittlecombe : Stockingford

Willey Water : Moorgreen Reser-voir

Willingham : SystonWimblehurst : MidhurstWinterbourne Bishop : MartinWintoncester : WinchesterWitch Wood : Wychwood

ForestWodgate : WillenhallWoodhouse : EastwoodWychford : BurfordYoknapatawpha : LafayetteZenith : Minneapolis

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Komkov, A.M. ed.-in-chief. Slovar’ geograficheskikhnazvaniy zarubezhnykh stran (Dictionary of for-eign placenames). 3d ed. Moscow: Nedra, 1986.[A gazetteer of world placeames outside the for-mer Soviet Union.]

_____, et al. Nazvaniya SSSR, soyuznykh respubliki zarubezhnykh stran na 20 yazykakh (Names ofthe USSR, union republics and foreign coun-tries in 20 languages). Moscow: VINITI, 1974.

Mason, Oliver, comp. Bartholomew Gazetteer ofPlaces in Britain. 2d ed. Edinburgh: JohnBartholomew, 1986.

Matthews, C.M. Place-Names of the English-Speak-ing World. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson,1972.

Merriam-Webster’s New Geographical Dictionary. 3ded. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 1997.

Nelson, Derek. Off the Map: The Curious History ofPlace-Names. New York: Kodansha America,1997. [Pertinent for the present book is Chapter8: “Multiple Names Mean Confusion and Con-tention,” pp. 137–154.]

The New Encyclopædia Britannica. 30 vols. 15th ed.Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2002.

Owen, Hywel Wyn, and Richard Morgan. Dictio-nary of the Place-Names of Wales. Llandysul:Gomer, 2007.

Peterson, Charles B. “The Nature of Soviet Place-Names.” Names ( Journal of the American NameSociety). Vol. 25, No. 1, March 1977, pp. 15–24.

Raper, Peter E. New Dictionary of South AfricanPlace Names. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball, 2004.

Reed, A.W. Place Names of Australia. Sydney: ReedBooks, 1973. [Includes lists of Aboriginal namesand of renamed places.]

_____. The Story of New Zealand Place Names.Wellington: A.H & A.W. Reed, 1952.

Ritter, R.M. ed. and comp. The Oxford Dictionaryfor Writers and Editors. 2d ed. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 2000.

Rivet, A.L.F., and Colin Smith. The Place-Namesof Roman Britain. London: Batsford, 1979.

Room, Adrian. African Placenames.2d ed. Jeffer-son, NC: McFarland, 2008.

_____. A Dictionary of Irish Place-Names. Rev. ed.Belfast: Appletree Press, 1994.

_____. Dictionary of Translated Names and Titles.London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986.

_____. Nicknames of Places. Jefferson, NC: McFar-land, 2006.

_____, comp. Place-Name Changes 1900–1991.Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1993.

_____. Placenames of France. Jefferson, NC: McFar-land, 2004.

_____. Placenames of Russia and the Former SovietUnion. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1996.

_____. Placenames of the World. Jefferson, NC. Mc-Farland, 2005.

Rosenthal, Eric. Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa.7th ed. Cape Town: Juta, 1978.

Share, Bernard. Naming Names. Dublin: Gill &Macmillan, 2001. [A dictionary of Irish propernames of all types, with an Introduction that in-cludes a discussion of placenames, past and pres-ent, and the anglicization of indigenous names.]

Sivin, Nathan, Frances Wood, Penny Brooke, andColin Ronan (eds.). The Contemporary Atlas ofChina. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988.

Slovar’ geograficheskikh nazvaniy SSSR (Dictionaryof placenames of the USSR). 2d ed. Moscow:Nedra, 1983.

Spaull, Hebe. New Place Names of the World. Lon-don: Ward Lock, 1970. [A slim volume marredby many misprints but still of value if consultedwith care.]

Stewart, George R. American Place-Names. NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1970. [Coverage

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is confined to the continental United States andaccordingly omits Hawaii.]

_____. Names on the Globe. New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 1975. [A worldwide survey ofthe naming of places, although with little on al-ternate or changed placenames.]

_____. Names on the Land: A Historical Account ofPlace-Naming in the United States. Boston, MA:Houghton Mifflin, 1967

Stewart, John. African States and Rulers: An Ency-clopedia of Native, Colonial and IndependentStates and Rulers Past and Present. 3d ed. Jeffer-son, NC: McFarland, 2006.

Stielers Handatlas. 10th ed. Gotha: Justus Perthes,1920–25. [A major German atlas with a supple-mentary index, pp. 317–336, listing places re-named after World War I in Finland, the BalticStates, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hun-gary, Yugoslavia, South Tirol (now Alto Adige,Italy), Alsace-Lorraine (now in France), Eupen-Malmédy (now in Belgium), and Nord Slesvig(now South Jutland, Denmark).]

Sturmfels, Wilhelm, and Heinz Bischof. UnsereOrtsnamen (Our placenames). 3d ed. Bonn:

Dümmler, 1961. [A dictionary of world place-name origins, with due recognition of alternateand former names in European countries.]

The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World. 12thed. London: Times Books, 2007. [The index tothis atlas gives alternate names of various types,including placenames in use within the previ-ous 50 years, with an emphasis on particularlyprominent earlier names.]

Treharne. R.F., and Harold Fullard. Muir’s Histor-ical Atlas: Ancient and Classical. 6th ed. London:George Philip, 1963.

_____, and _____. Muir’s Historical Atlas: Medievaland Modern. 11th ed. London: George Philip,1969. [This title and that above were publishedin a single volume by Book Club Associates,London, in 1973.]

Warrington, John. Everyman’s Classical Dictionary.3d ed. London: J.M. Dent, 1969.

Where’s Where: A Descriptive Gazetteer. London:Eyre Methuen, 1974. [An anonymous so-called“Who’s Who of places” that includes former andfictional placenames.]

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