afghanistan manufacturing sector analysis
TRANSCRIPT
Afghanistan Investment Support Agency
Research & Development Department
Afghanistan Manufacturing Sector Analysis
December, 2015
Author;
Ahmad Nawaz Research analyst AISA
Contact details;
Cell; 0093-788806374
Email; [email protected] / [email protected]
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Acknowledgement
This paper is completed with mercy of Allah almighty and with the continuous support and hard
work of my colleagues at AISA. I thankful to Mr. Mohammad Qurban Haqjo who is serving as
CEO of Afghanistan Investment support agency for his continuous support and guide line. I
would also like to thank to Mr. Ibrahim shams vice president for investment, for his keen interest
with the subject in providing me with confidence. I would also like to express my gratuities to
my colleagues in department especially Syed Saduddin, Nisar Ahmad Hassan.
It would have been difficult to complete this paper without continuous hard work of my dearest
colleagues, data collection assistants namely; Mr.Hanif Rostam, Mr. Hikmatullah Mehmmodi,
Mr. Naveed Gafori and Mr. Fazal Hadi,
At the end I would like to thank all regional offices colleagues for the collection of primary data
in provinces of Mazar, Kandahar, Nangarhar, and khost, Helmand, Faryab and Herat.
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The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily
reflect the official position of AISA (Afghanistan Investment Support Agency).
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List of abbreviation and currency exchange rate
S.no Abbreviation Description
1 CSO Central statistics organization
2 MOF Ministry of Finance
3 AISA Afghanistan investment support agency
4 IPDD Industrial parks development directorate
5 USSR Union of soviet socialist Russia
6 USA United states of America
7 GDP Gross domestic product
8 CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
9 DABS Da Afghanistan BrishnaShirkat
Currency;
1 US Dollar = 64 Afghani
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Table of Contents Executive summary ………………………………………………………………………………………...6
Chapter 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Historical background .................................................................................................................................. 9
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 9
Afghanistan industrial parks.………………………………..……………………………………...……..10
Research methodology…………………………………...…………………………………………..……11
Chapter 2 Provincial manufacturing industries ................................................................................... 13
Kabul Manufacturing industry ................................................................................................................... 14
Nangarhar manufacturing industry ............................................................................................................. 14
Khost Manufacturing Industry………………………………………………………………...…………..15
Kandahar manufacturing industry………………………………………………………….….…………..15
Balkh manufacturing industry………………………………………………………………….….………16
Helmand manufacturing industry………………………………………………………………….………16
Herat manufacturing industry………………………………………………………………………..……17
Chapter 3 Afghanistan Manufacturing Industry Analysis……………………...………….…...…….18
Afghanistan Manufacturing products……………………………………………………….……………..19
Raw Material…………………………………………………………………………………...………….20
Energy used in Firms…………………………………………………………………………...…………21
Investment years…………………………………………………………………………….…………….21
Initial investment………………………………………………………………………………………….22
Current capital…………………………………………………………………………………………….22
Average Growth Rate %.............................................................................................................................23
Employment and wages………………………………………………………………….……………….23
Capacity building………………………………………………………………………..………………..24
Sales of produced goods………………………………………………………………………….………24
Expansion plan for business…………………………………………………………………….………..25
Comparison domestic goods verses imported goods…………………………………………….……….26
Marketing strategies…………………………………………………………………………….………..26
Competition barriers…………………………………………………………………………….………..26
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Chapter 4 Investment opportunities and challenges………………………………………………...29
Investment opportunity in Manufacturing……………………………………………………………....30
Afghanistan private investment law………………………………………………………….……..…..30
Challenges to Afghanistan manufacturing sector……………………………………………..……..….31
Chapter 5 Recommendations……………………………………………...…...………………….….32
Recommendations on government……………………………………………………………..….……33
Recommendations on Afghanistan investment support agency………………………………….….…34
Recommendations on firms holders………………………………………………………………...….34
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….......…34
References …………………………………………………………………………………...……..….36
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………………........ 36
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Executive summary
Afghanistan is a natural corridor for trade west to east and from east to west. Current
Afghanistan territory is composed of 652.000 km2. Afghanistan has 600km mountains of Hindo--
Kush from north to southwest1. Afghanistan is indulged in civil wars since 40 years, after 9/11
Afghanistan is invaded by US and its allies for the elimination of terrorism. After 2001 a
democratic system came into being in Afghanistan, Afghanistan become focus of international
community during this time a huge amount of international aid and investment came to
Afghanistan, before this during civil wars all existing infrastructures were destroyed by civil
wars. In 2003 Afghanistan economy started its new journey from roots, today manufacturing
sector shares 18.7% in GDP in 2013--142. It becomes not enough but it’s slow and steady
movement towards self-reliance. 5047 Total manufacturing firms are registered in Afghanistan
investment support agency with the initial capital of $1,122,173,355.00 out of total registered
firms population 5% are surveyed from the different provinces of Afghanistan. For better
understanding here we have divided Afghanistan into seven zones Center, North East,
Northwest, East, South East, West and South west. Afghanistan has 20 industrial parks in
different province, some of them are operational and some of them under construction.43% of
the manufacturing firms produce plastic, P.V.C and different plastic products, 11% firms
manufactures ice cream, bakery and snacks, 8% firms produce non—alcoholic beverages, 6%
produce washing soap, washing powder and washing liquids, 5% produce construction steel ,
small turbine and wheat cleaning machines, 4% produce oxygen, pharmaceuticals and acids, 4%
produce marble outdoor stones, 4% manufacture tissue papers and stationery, 3% firms produce
iodized salt, 2% produce chicken and poultry food, 4% produce vegetable oil, 3% manufacture
Aluminum utensils & pressure cookers, 2% manufacture rag and foams, 1% firms produce wheat
flour, and graph shows 0% firm produce leather shoes which is actually one firm and 0% firms
process soybean seeds that is also actually one firm. Regarding raw materials 60% firms’ imports
raw material from the regional and extra—regional countries and 40% firms use domestic raw
material. Most of the firms perform their operations with the help of electricity and some of them
use solar, generators, coal and also gas. The average growth rate of the firms is measured with
the help of compound growth rate formula which shows the average growth rate of the
manufacturing firms is 102.03%. In manufacturing firms total 6887 are direct employees where
975 are females, 5912 are male and 1509 are skilled labors. The wages of the workers vary from
5000 Afghani to the 50,000 Afghani the average salary of the workers is calculated $159.63%
firms do not use kind of capacity building program to enhance the capabilities of the firm’s
workers and 43% use capacity building programs for their employees. 96% firms sales their
produced goods insides Afghanistan or even in their relevant zones while 4% of the firms
exports their product. According to the 65% firm holders there is no difference between
1Spanish institute for strategic studies/ Analysis document of the IEEE12/2011geopolitical analysis of Afghanistan/ 2Afghanistan statistical yearbook 2013-14
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domestically produced goods and imported goods, 17% firms holders believes only difference is
in quality of production, 12% respondents believes there is difference of price while 6%
respondent said there is only difference of brand.
Marketing is an important tool for business projection 56% of the Afghan manufacturing firm do
not use marketing for the promotion their respective products, 44% of the firms use marketing
tool for the promotion of their respective products.
Massive flow of illegal imports, corruption in government proceedings, less electric power, less
suitable industrial land, high tax on import of raw materials are the challenging barriers for
Afghanistan manufacturing sector. Regional dumping policy is an economical terrorism for
Afghanistan industries.
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Source; primary data
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Historical Back Round
Afghanistan is a natural corridor for trade west to east and vice versa. Alexander used this way
328 years before Christ. Afghanistan is a direct route between East Asia and central Asia.
Among the Asian countries Afghanistan is land luck country with having direct borders to the
Pakistan, china, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Current Afghanistan territory is
composed of 652.000 km2. Afghanistan has 600km mountains of Hindo Kush from north to
southwest.3 The external borders of Afghanistan are not natural and government has weak
control on borders. Unnatural borders prone of illegal trade and trafficking, in east of
Afghanistan there is Pakistan. North of the Afghanistan is connected with the central Asian
states. West part of Afghanistan has direct border with the Iran. Wakhan locates in north east of
Afghanistan which is a corridor to china.
During the 19th century there was dispute among the British and Russian empire on Afghanistan,
to be a colony of the empires but both of them got failed in controlling Afghanistan physically at
that time both of empires agreed to keep Afghanistan as a natural state. In 20th century during the
cold war Afghanistan become the rivalry of the two another empires USSR and USA. In 1979
USSR invaded Afghanistan to support the communist regime, after the 10 years of war USSR
disintegrated into the number of state and Russian troops got out of Afghanistan. Russia leaved
Afghanistan in civil war. These civil wars and Russian invasion destroyed Afghanistan
infrastructure and all institutions. After 9/11 Afghanistan is invaded by USA to demolish
terrorism which is still not completed. Nowadays situation is more complex because there is
more involvement of regional and extra—regional countries, geopolitical and geostrategic role is
enhanced. During civil wars and conflict regional countries developed them self’s by the
international aids as compare to Afghanistan. Regional countries are comparatively stable and
having strong institutions, where Afghanistan is in very beginning stages of development.
Afghanistan is positioned among the nuclear powers or among the Asian leaders like Pakistan,
Iran, India and china. The group of neighboring countries has competitions among them in
Afghanistan not only in influencing Afghanistan but also as a market for their production. In
economical prospective Afghanistan is completely colonized by the regional countries besides
strategic interests Afghanistan economy is always under the pressure of the regional dumping
Introduction
After the decades of war, Afghanistan is moving towards self-reliance by developing its
industries. Since 2003 infusion of international aid and investment brought a positive change in
economy of Afghanistan. Due to insecurity and instability Afghanistan industrialization process
is slow. Afghanistan is passing through initial stages of industrialization according to the central
statistics organization (CSO) Afghanistan has 94.4 % imports while 5.6% exports4,Afghanistan
manufacturing industry contributes 18.7% in GDP in 2013—14. Due to the geopolitics regional
3Spanish institute for strategic studies/ Analysis document of the IEEE12/2011geopolitical analysis of Afghanistan/ 4Afghanistan statistics yearbook 2013-14
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countries has an important market for their exports, so dumping is a normal tool which used by
the regional countries to keep control on Afghan market, besides this Afghanistan industry is
growing day by day. Table 1.1
In Afghanistan investment support agency total
5047 manufacturing firms are registered with the
total investment of USD 1,122,173,355.00.
Afghanistan manufacturing industry is divided
into 7 zones. Kabul is a congested city regarding
population, investment and other activities so
particularly Kabul has 2355firmsregistered with
investment of USD 677,269,943.00each zone is
composed number of provinces. Table 1.1
indicates name of zone, number of firms and total
investment in manufacturing sector. Following is
the composition of the zones
i. Center includes Kabul, Kapisa, Logar,
Panjshir, Parwan, Wardak
ii. North East includes Badakhshan, Baghlan, Kunduz, Takhar
iii. Northwest is composed of Balkh, Faryab, Jowzjan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol
iv. East Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nurestan
v. South East Ghazni, Khost, Paktia, Paktika
vi. West Badghis, Bamiyan, Farah, Ghor, Herat
vii. South west Daykundi, Helmand, Kandahar, Nimruz, Orazgan, Zabul5
Afghanistan Industrial Parks
Afghanistan has 34 provinces out of 34 provinces 14 provinces have industrial parks, some of
them are fully operational and some them are still under construction or not distributed among
the manufacturing firms. Those parks which are not yet distributed one of the major and common
problems of the parks is unavailability of electrical power, Following1.2 table have complete
information’s of existing industrial parks which indicates name of park, location of park, area of
park in hectors (converted from Girib) number of industrial plot, distribution status, and last cell
indicates the number of active firms. Table 1.2
S.
N
O
Name of park Province Area
(hectors) Industrial plots Distributed
plots
Active
Firms
1 Pol_e_ charkhi Kabul 270 1115 614 186
2 Juma Mohammad
Mohammadi
Kabul 20 53 52 31
3 Gosfandar Kabul 400 ----------- 0 0
5 World public library
No Zone Total
companies
Investments/$
1 Center 2406 691,449,522.00
2 North
east
141 15,781,460.00
3 North
west
501 120,600,823.00
4 East 699 75,332,478.00
5 South
east
85 9,021,950.00
6 south
west
454 63,157,682.00
7 West 748 146,547,512.00
Total 5047 1,122,173,355.00
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4 Nisaji Bagrami Kabul 6 13 13 7
5 Herat Industrial
Park
Herat 928 969 871 193
6 Gorimar Balkh 185 198 191 18 7 Shadiyan
Industrial park
Balkh 190 233 233 38
8 Hisarshahi
Industrial park
Nangarhar 207 300 101 0
9 SeikhMisry
Industrial park
Nangarhar 300 640 0 0
10 QaleenSeikhMisry
Industrial park
Nangarhar 131 110 0 0
11 Bolan Industrial
Park
Helmand 300 -------------- 47 0
12 Bust Industrial
Park
Helmand 32 47 0 0
13 ShorAndam
Industrial Park
Kahandar 900 930 407 75
14 Andkhoi Industrial
Park
Faryab 229 114 0 0
15 Logar Industrial
Park
Logar 100 160 0 0
16 Khost Industrial
Park
Khost 80 100 0 0
17 Sheermahi
Industrial Park
Kunduz 400 526 0 0
18 Sanjadara
Industrial Park
Parwan 116 130 0 0
19 Wardak Industrial
Park
Wardak 40 48 0 0
20 Agcha Industrial
Park
Jowzjan 83 72 0 0
21 Pirkah Industrial
Park
Gazni 200 ----------- 0 0
Research Methodology
Purpose
Purpose of this research paper is to collect information’s about manufacturing industry and to
evaluate the existing industry to find challenges, recommendations and investment opportunities
Research objective
Objective of this research is to find out major challenges to Afghan manufacturing industry; and
this paper is a guideline for domestic and foreign investors.
Research question
What is the current status of Afghan private manufacturing industry and what are the specific
recommendations for government?
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Scope and limitations
Scope of this study is limited to the Afghanistan manufacturing industry. Primary data on
manufacturing industry collected from Kabul industrial parks and different provinces of
Afghanistan including, Herat, Balkh, Kandahar and Nangarhar, khost and Helmand.
Survey is conducted from only from investors or firms holders, 134 questionnaires are filled
from Kabul industrial parks, Herat 32, Balkh 40, Kandahar 22,Nangarhar 7, from khost 7,
Helmand 9,total 251 Questionnaires are filled from mentioned provinces of Afghanistan
In survey investors were asked about their production, investments, (initial and current) number
of employees by the differentiation of gender challenges and recommendations.
Methodology This research paper is based on primary and secondary data, primary data is
collected with the help of questionnaires and secondary data is collected from different
government and non-government organization. The questionnaires are created to find the basic
information about Afghanistan manufacturing industry such as type of production, investment
current and initial, growth rate, and number of employees, marketing strategies, challenges and
recommendations. Quantitative research method is used to measure growth rate and basic
information about firms. Qualitative research method is used to measure marketing strategies,
barriers to compete in market etc.
Primary data is collected from Kabul industrial parks, Nangarhar, Khost, Balkh, Helmand,
Kandahar, and Herat while secondary data is collected from CSO, AISA industrial parks
department, Afghanistan investment law,
Primary Data Collection: Primary data is collected with the help of questionnaires and
251questionnairs are filled from the firms by the physical survey.
Secondary data collection; Secondary data is collected from the following government and
international agencies and articles
Afghanistan investment support agency data—base
Industrial parks department (AISA)
Central statistics organization (CSO)
Website investopedia
Analysis document of the IEEE12/2011geopolitical analysis of Afghanistan
Afghanistan private investment law,
World public library website
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Chapter# 2
Provincial manufacturing industries
Source; primary data
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Kabul manufacturing industry
In Kabul survey is conducted only in three industrial parks namely Pul-e-Charkhi, Juma
Mohammad Mohammadi and Nisagi Bagrami 103, 24, 7 questionnaires are filled respectively.
According to Afghanistan investment support agency 2355 manufacturing firms are registered
with the initial capital of USD 677,269,943.00three of the industrial parks consist of 1166
industrial plots. Kabul manufacturing industries 62% of them produce plastic and its different
products, 1% mineral water, 4% oxygen and pharmaceutical, 7% produce ice cream biscuits and
burger, 3% washing powder and washing liquid, rest of the firm produce 2, 2% like Iron bars,
ornamentals, leather shoes, marble stones, electric equipment’s, wood burning heaters, outdoor
stones, carton manufacturing, pressure cooker, aluminum utensil, spare parts, clothing and spare
parts etc.
98% of the firms operating in industrial parks are national and 2% of the firms are international.
38% of the firms use domestic raw material and 62% import from the regional and extra—
regional countries, of total imports 80% of raw material imports are from Iran, Pakistan, china
and turkey. 20% of raw material imports are from Gulf States, Europe and America. During firm
operations 93% of the firms use the electricity power transmission line while 7% of them use
generators as well. Initial investment in Kabul ranging $10,000 to the $1500000 and above, for
growth rate calculation total firms were divided in two categories of investments ranging from
10k – 100k which had 45% growth and 100k – above which had growth of 3.02% annually.
Surveyed firms in Kabul have 2542 male employees, 606 female employees and 668 skilled
labors. 96% of the Kabul firms distribute their productions inside Afghanistan and 4% of the
firm distribute domestically and also export. According to the survey 68% of the firms do not
have any marketing strategy and 32% use marketing tools for the promotion of their productions.
Nangarhar manufacturing industry
Nangarhar is an eastern province of Afghanistan. Nangarhar is composed of 7641 km2 area
which is 1.2% of total territory of Afghanistan6. According to geographical categorization east
zone is composed of Kunar ,Laghman ,Nangarhar and Nuristan.Total investment in
manufacturing industry in east is $75,332,478.00with the registration of 699 firms. During the
survey we were able to visit 7 firms of them our objective of the survey was to understand the
production and challenges and recommendation. Out of 7 industries 14% of them produce
nonalcoholic beverage, 14% produce PVC and other 72% of the firms produce mineral water ,
jam, washing liquid and etc. 55% of the firms use raw material domestic while 45% of them
imports raw material. During the production activity 57% of them use electricity provided and
the government and their private generators while 43% purely use the power transmission line
they do not use the private generators. Most of them have invested from 2008 to 2014; their
investment starts from $50,000__$500,000 and according to the conducted survey their current
capital ranging $60,000__$900,000. According to the calculation calculated with the compound
growth rate formula in Nangarhar growth rate is calculated 5.59 during the years of investment.
6Afghanistan statistical yearbook 2013-14
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In these firm total 161 people are working and 100% workers are male, there is not a single
women working in these particular firms, these surveyed firms have 19 skilled labor.89% of the
firms holders use to do capacity building of their employees while 11% of them don’t have any
particular capacity building program. 89% of the produce goods sales inside the country while
11% of them sales inside and export it to the regional countries. According to the firm holders
100% of customers likes domestically produce goods considering quality, on time delivery etc.
distribution of the finished goods takes place by two ways namely with help of transportation
and another through sub offices or through the representatives in different provinces. 86% of the
firms have planned to expand their business into the other provinces while 14% of firms do not
have any plan for the expansion. According to the 86% respondents domestically produce goods
are better than imported goods and 14% of the respondent believes imported goods are used to
manufacture with the help of machineries and they do not have such advance machines to
compete imported products. In Nangarhar firms holders use marketing strategy to promote
domestic goods with the help of visiting cards brochures and advertisement.
Khost Manufacturing Industry
Khost is a south eastern province of Afghanistan; in south eastern zone we have Ghazni, Khost,
Paktia and Paktika. In south east total 85 manufacturing firms are registered with initial
investment of, $9,021,950.00. In Khost seven firms are surveyed out of seven firms 29% of the
firms produce washing soap and powder, 29% produce iodized salt, 28% produce juice and non-
alcoholic beverages and 14% produce chips. 100% of the firms imports raw material. 71% of the
firms use generators, 29% use generator and solar energy. Most of the surveyed firms have
invested in 2015. Initial investment and current investment of the Khost ranging from 10,000---1,
30000, According to the calculation of growth rate there is zero growth rate in Khost province.
The surveyed firms have total 103 numbers of employees out of 103 employees 93 males, 10
females among these labors 27 are skilled labors. Average salary range of the employees is $150.
100% of the firms do not have any capacity building program for their employees. Firms
distributes their produced goods through transportation inside Afghanistan and most of the firms
have plan to expand their business to other provinces of Afghanistan. 71% firms use to do
marketing through advertisements and 29% are not doing any kind of marketing for their
produced goods.
Kandahar manufacturing industry,
According to the geographical division of Kandahar locates in southwest of Afghanistan. South
west is composed of Daykundi, Helmand, Kandahar, Nimruz, Oruzgan and Zabul. According to
Afghanistan investment support agency total 454 firms are registered with the initial investment
of $63,157,682.00 where 22 questionnaires on manufacturing industries are filled only from
Kandahar. Same question were asked from Kandahar manufacturing industries. Respondent were
mostly situated in Kandahar industrial park. Where 23% of the firms produce washing soap and
cooking oil, 18% manufacturing firms produce plastic and its different products, 14% firms
produce construction steel products, 9% produce poultry and chicken food, 9% produce wheat
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cleaning machines and spare parts, 9% of the firms are food processing, 9% firms produce
pharmaceuticals and acids and 4% of the firms produce papers.54% of the firms use domestic
raw material and 46% of the firms imports raw material from Iran, Pakistan, Russia, china,
Ukraine etc. 95% of the firms during industrial performance use power transmission line and
generators, additional coal and gas, 5% of the firms only use generators for the productions.
Average growth rate of the manufacturing firms of Kandahar is calculated by the compound
growth rate formula which shows the average growth rate of Kandahar is 29.49%. Total 609
people are working in manufacturing firm according to the data collected there is not a signal
women working in Kandahar manufacturing firms. Out of 609, 173 people are counted as a
skilled labor. 91% of the respondents do not any kind of skill development or capacity building
program for employees 9% firms have capacity building program. The average salary range of
the worker is $143.45. 91% manufactured goods distributes insides Afghanistan and 9% firms
also export the produced goods. Distribution in Kandahar take place through authorized dealers
and distributing through the transportation.82% firm have plan to expand their business through
the other provinces while 18% of firms do not have any plan for the expansion of the business.
59% of the Kandahar firms use to do marketing for the production while 41% people do not any
idea about the marketing of the products.
Balkh manufacturing industry,
Balkh is in North West of Afghanistan, North West includes Balkh, Faryab , Jowzjan, Samangan
and Sar-e Pol. According to the Afghanistan investment support agency total 501 firms are
registered with the initial investment of $120,600,823.00. The particular survey is only
conducted in Balkh province, 34 questionnaires are filled from manufacturing firms. 21% of the
surveyed firms are producing eating salt, dairy products, 7% firms manufacture cooking oil and
washing soap, 11% firms produce wheat flour, 18% firms produce different types of plastic
products, 7% firms manufacture rug, 7% produce non-alcoholic beverages, 7% produce tissue
papers, 4% produce electrical equipment, 7% produce gypsum 3% manufacture oxygen and 4%
are processing soybean.
The raw material used by the firm is 58% domestic and 42% imported. 100% firms use
electricity as energy for firm’s performance; additionally firms also use generators, coal and gas.
The average growth rate of the firms invested in Balkh is calculated 70.6%. Total 590 workers
are working in these firms where 81 workers are female. Where out of total workers 136 are
skilled labor, 64% of the firms do not have any capacity building program for their employees
while 36% firm are conducting capacity building programs according to needs. The average
salary of each individual worker is $ 157. 97% produced goods in Balkh province distributes
inside Afghanistan and 3% of them export to the other countries. 94% firms have planned to
expand their business while 4% do not have any plan for expansion of their business.
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Helmand manufacturing industry
Helmand is a province of Afghanistan also situated in south west. Helmand province is
composed of 58305.1km2 area.7 Total 9 questionnaires are filled from Helmand in manufacturing
industry, where the same questions are asked from the investors invested in Helmand. According
to the primary data collected from the mentioned province. Out of 10 firms 38% produce ice,
12% produce P.V.C and aluminums, 13% produce washing soap and vegetable oil, 12% certified
seeds and13%produce biscuits and food items.
100% of the firms imports raw material from regional and extra—regional countries. Regarding
electrical energy 62% use power transmission line and generator, meanwhile 38% only use
generators for electricity. Average growth rate of Helmand manufacturing industry is calculated
9.06%. In survey firms total 114 people are working where 33 people are skilled labor and there
is not a single female working in Helmand manufacturing industries. About the capacity building
75% respond negatively and 25% use to do capacity building of their employees. The average
wages of employees is $ 125.9. 87% of the produced goods distribute inside Afghanistan and
13% distributes domestically and also export to the other countries. Among the surveyed firm
87% of the firms holders are interested to expand their business through the other provinces of
Afghanistan and 13% do not have plan for the expansion of business. Marketing is a spirit of the
business 50% of the Helmand firms do not use marketing for the promotion of their production.
Herat manufacturing industry
Herat is a western province of Afghanistan. According to the Geographical division, west of
Afghanistan consist of Badghis, Bamiyan, Farah, Ghor and Herat. Afghanistan investment
support agency data base shows 748 firms are registered in west of Afghanistan with initial
capital of $146,547,512.00. In Herat 32 questions are answered by the investors or firms holders.
According to the primary data analysis 50% of the firms produce snacks which include biscuits,
salty snacks; chips etc. 18% firms’ manufactures fruit juice and non-alcoholic beverages, 11%
firms produce plastic and its different products like PVC, shopping bags etc. 7% firms
manufacture shampoo, washing soap and washing liquid, 7% produce small turbine and
electrical wires, 4% produce outdoor stone and 3% manufacture construction steel. Raw material
use to produce the mentioned goods 73% imports and 27% firms use raw material is domestic.
100% of the firms use electricity as an energy beside use of electricity majority of the firms use
coal and gas as a secondary source of energy. The surveyed firms provided job opportunity to
1322 people where 218 are female and 264 are skilled labor. 70% of the firms have capacity
building program for their employees and 30% do not any kind of capacity building program.
The averages wages of the workers is $190. Firm’s sales their produced goods inside Herat and
in different provinces of Afghanistan but none of them export. 89% firm use to do marketing for
promotion of manufactured goods while 11% do not have marketing strategy. The manufacturing
industry of Herat shows 8.38% growth rate. Growth rate is calculated by the formula of 7 Afghanistan statistics yearbook 2013-14
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compound growth rate, only those firms are considered among primary data whose have
answered the question of initial investment, current investment and years of investment.
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Chapter #3
Afghanistan Manufacturing Industry Analysis
Source; primary data
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Afghanistan Manufacturing products
Industry is a back bone of the nations, those nations who has strong industries they are self-
reliant. Nationally produced products reduce the imports which directly control flow of capital
outwards. Afghanistan was indulged almost for 40 years of wars and instability, after 2001
Afghanistan started its new ways towards unity, stability and modernization. Wars destroyed all
existing infrastructures. Now gradually Afghanistan is moving towards self-reliance, compare to
every year Afghanistan is moving ahead with the support of international community and
national hard work. Afghanistan manufacturing industry is composed of plastic , steel, vegetable
oils, Rags poultry, washing soap, washing powder, wheat flour, leather shoes, Ice cream biscuits
etc. 212 firms answered about their productions. Afghanistan industry is not able to fulfill the
required needs of Afghanistan but besides this Afghan manufacturing industry needs strong and
regular support from government. Due to the unnatural borders regional countries are destroying
and are threat for the new afghan industry. Afghanistan is only consumer economy regarding
manufacturing it’s completely new for Afghanistan. Since 2001 Afghanistan Manufacturing
industry is growing very slow as compare to every year there is positive change in
manufacturing. Besides this there are some key barriers which cause regular hindrance to the
growth. Out of 212 firms, 91 firms produce plastic products including PVC, water tanks,
shopping bags and foot wearing slippers. 18 firms produce mineral water and non-alcoholic
beverages, 8 firms produce pharmaceutical and oxygen, 23 firms produce ice cream, snacks and
biscuits, 3 firms produce wheat flour, 13 firms’ manufacture washing soap, washing liquid and
washing powders. Only 1 firm produce leather shoes, 9 firms are processing marble and outdoor
stones, 10 firms produce construction steel small turbines and wheat cleaning machines. 9 firms
manufacture tissue papers and stationary, 7 firms manufacture iodized salt, 4 firms produce
poultry, chicken food seeds, 9 firms produce vegetable oil, 3 firms produce Aluminum utensils
and pressure cookers, 3 firms manufacture rags and foams while 1 firm is processing soybean
seeds.
21 | P a g e
Raw Material
Raw material is often natural resource like crude
oil, wood, scraps and iron, these are things which
exist in Afghanistan but unfortunately due to the
weak control of state on whole Afghanistan it’s
difficult to utilize all local resources. Afghanistan
have more than 1400 minerals valued $3 trillion
but exploration and exploitation of these
resources waiting for peace and stability. The
60% of the firms import raw material while 40%
of firms use domestic raw material
Energy used in Firms
Electricity is a basic source of energy for the firms oprating in Afghanistan. Because electrical
energy is not available in all over the Afghanistan. Therefore it is tried to understand which kind
of energy resource is used by the firms. According to the primary data most of the firms use
power transmission line for the industrial process. most of them also use private genrators during
9118
823
313
19109
74
9331
0 20 40 60 80 100
PlasticMineral water & non--alcoholic beverages
Pharmaceuticals, oxygen and acidIce cream, biscuits and snacks
wheat flouresoap, washing powder and washing liquid
leather shoesMarbel and outdoor stones
steel, small turbain and cleaning machinesTissue papers and stationary production
salt productionpoltary and chickens food
vegitable oilAluminium utensils & pressure cookers
Rags and Foamssoyabean grain processing No. of Firms
Domestic40%Import
60%
Raw Material
Domestic Import
22 | P a g e
the time when there is loadshading in electricity. Some of the firms use coal and gas as a primary
source of energy and few of the firms use solar energy as a basic source of energy.
Investment years
According to the primary data firms has invested in Afghanistan since 1973, and some of the
firms surveyed were fresh and new in the market,. 1973—2002 are considered in one block
because this investment belongs to the privously regime, here the objective of this question was
to understand investment yearly. Since 1973—2002 , 17 firms have invested which are still
active. 22 firms have invested in 2003—2004, 25 firms invested in 2005—2006, 19 firms start
performing since 2007—2008, 38 firms invested in 2009—2010, 41 firms started working in
2011—2012, 55 firms invested in 2013—2014 which is most highest as compare to the other
years and still 26 firms invested in 2015.
Initial investment
Afghanistan market is the most profitable market compare to the region, because before 2001
negligible industry existed, everything was importing from the regional countries. Afghanistan
was only consumers’ economy. After 2001 people started investing in local manufacturing
industries, it has been seen in Afghan manufacturing sector the initial investment doubled or
even changed into 4, 5 times in the period of three to five years. Total 191 firm holders answered
to the question about the initial investment where 112 firms invested within5000--50,000
thousand dollars while most of them have investment less than 20 thousand dollars and 25 firms
invested from 50,000—100,000, 46 firms have invested from 100,000---500,000 and8 firms have
invested within 500,000---18000,000.
17 22 25 1938 41
55
26
0204060
1973--2002 2003--2004 2005--2006 2007--2008 2009--2010 2011--2012 2013--2014 oct. 2015
112
25
46
8
5000>50,000
50,000 >100,000
100,000 >500,000
500,000>18000000
No. of Firms
USD
Initial Investment
23 | P a g e
Current capital
Current capital of the firms is considered as growth or change in initial investment. Few of the
respondents’ does not answered to the question about the primary and current investment those
who answer the question they are included in the following data, chart explains the difference in
current and initial investment, from $5000>50,000. 56 firms have their current capital while in
initial investment there are 112 firms, $50,000>100,000 48 firms have their current capital in this
range while in initial investment there is 25 firms in this range. If we compare both graphs of
initial investment and current investment it shows the firms whose initial investment was less,
with the passage of time there investment increased vigorously, the graph indicates reduction of
number of firms in low investment and increase in number of firm in high investment.
Average Growth Rate %
Compound average growth rate formula is used to measure investment growth rate particularly
when number of years is variable. There are two values ending value and beginning value. We
have considered current investment as ending value while initial investment as beginning value.
Those firms which do not answered to the initial investment or current investment or any one of
them, they are neglected. According to the figures initial capital of the most firms got 2 times or
three times or even 4 time in some cases in time period of four to five years. A very little number
of firms were having reduction in their capital. After calculation of growth rate for each
individual firm the average of the total growth rate has been taken. According to the calculation
the average growth rate of Afghan manufacturing industry is 102.03%. Following is the formula
which used to measure the average growth rate.
8
8Investopedia compound growth rate
0 10 20 30 4050
60
5 0 0 0 > 5 0 , 0 0 0
5 0 , 0 0 0 > 1 0 0 , 0 0 0
1 0 0 , 0 0 0 > 5 0 0 , 0 0 0
5 0 0 , 0 0 0 > 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
56
48
59
20
Number of Firms
USD
CURRENT CAPITAL
24 | P a g e
Employment and wages
Industrialization means economic stability, growth of industry has many positive effects on
society, besides controlling flow of capital outwards, strengthening economy, making nation
economically independent, through an industrialization capital of an individual flow among the
nation which have direct and indirect benefiters. Afghanistan surveyed manufacturing industry
have total 6887 direct employees where 5912 are male and 975 are female while 1509 are skilled
labor, skilled labor includes males and females. Wages of the labors and skilled employees vary
from 5000AFN to the 50000AFN. The maximum and minimum salary rang was asked in
questionnaires, according to the primary data the average of the salary rang is calculated
$159/per month, which indicates cheap labor cost.
Capacity building
Capacity building is a tool which enhances capacity of
individuals; trend of capacity building in Afghanistan
manufacturing industries is compared weak. 63% of the
respondent has no capacity building program and plan while
37% of the respondent use to do capacity building of their
employees accordingly
Sales of produced goods
96% of the producers sales their products inside Afghanistan while 4% export to the Russia,
Ukraine and Pakistan, This question was asked to understand flow and circulation of
domestically produce goods. According to the respondent data most of the producers sales their
produced goods in their respective zones while few of the firms sales their products in other
provinces.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Total
Male
Female
skilled labor
6887
5912
975
1509
Employment
242
9
DOMESTIC EXPORT
Yes 37%
No63%
25 | P a g e
Customers’ response towards domestic goods
As graph shows majority of the respondents replied positive to the customers response towards
the domestically produce good, some of them said customers have not good response towards the
domestically produce goods. This question is also asked from the firms holders, it is not asked
from consumers.
Expansion plan for business
251 firms are asked about the expansion of their
business throughout of Afghanistan 70% of the
respondent, respond positively while 30% did not
have any plan for the expansion of the business. If
there is peace All over the Afghanistan and electrical
power I assume 100% people will be willing to
expand their business.
Comparison domestic goods verses imported goods
Comparison of the domestic goods with the imported goods is conducted from the perspective of
investors, here it was asked from the investors about the difference of the products locally
produce and imported. The objective of this question was to understand the major difference
between products. As a response we have received number of ideas about the difference but
some of the more important are as follows;
65% responded there is no difference between imported products and locally produce products
12% responded there is difference in
the price of the products, locally
produce goods are comparatively more
expensive because there is no
subsidize electricity, high tax on
import of raw material, and there is
corruption in government which
collectively affects the cost of finished
goods.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Good
Bad
Yes70%
No30%
Yes
No
No difference65%
Price 12%
Quality 17%
Brand 6%
No difference Price Quality Brand
26 | P a g e
17% said there is difference in quality of the products, locally produce goods are comparatively
low quality because there is no advance technology while regional countries utilize advance
technology.
6% said there is difference of brand. Most of the imported products are a well-known brands
while local firms are comparatively new.
Marketing strategies
Marketing is the spirit of the business;
marketing is the only thing which
enhances the awareness about the goods
produced. Marketing motivate people to
buy or use nationally produced goods.
Unfortunately when it is asked from the
firm holders about the their marketing
strategy, 56% of them responded
negatively, they are not doing any kind of
marketing and they do not have any plan for this while 44% of them were doing marketing and
they have marketing plan and they are allocating special budget for marketing.
Competition barriers
The question about the barriers to the competition was answered by 239 firms, There are many
barriers to the manufacturing
industry in Afghanistan, here
mentioned are pointed out by
the investors which are key
barriers and these barriers are
the main obstacles which are
slowing the growth of
manufacturing industry. 30%
of the firms are complaining
against the illegal imports and
open borders, the products
which are importing illegally
without paying tax to the customs the price of these products in market is always less than
nationally produced goods therefore this becomes a reason to fail the nationally produce product
in market. 23% of the firms holders complain against insecurity, 1% people complained against
corruption, the mentioned corruption are relevant to the three government organs interior
ministry, ministry of finance, customs department and DABS. Unfortunately corruption in
government is a blinking threat if government do not take appropriate action to mitigate
corruption in different government agencies, in near future it may have disastrous implications
on investment.8% of the investors complained against the lack industrial land. 1% of the
Yes44%
No56%
Marketing
Yes No
Insecurity 23%
Legal and Illegal
Imports 30%
Electric Power28%
Capital 1%
High tax on import of
Raw Material 6%
Industrial Land 8%
Industrial Loans
3%
Corruption 1%
27 | P a g e
responded complained of insufficient capital, there is no proper commercial bank or any
industrial support bank which can provide industrial loans to the firm holders to acquire the
updated technology. 28% people complained insufficiency and high price of electrical energy
while few of them was not happy with the professional attitude of DABS’s workers. 6% people
complaining high tax on imports of raw material. 3% of the respondent complain lack of
industrial loans to the firms, there is no bank and not any procedure existing which can provide
industrial loans to firms.
28 | P a g e
Chapter# 4
Investment opportunities and challenges
Source; primary data
29 | P a g e
Investment opportunity in Manufacturing
Afghanistan is a landlocked country with 30 million estimated populations. According to CSO
trade balance of last 5 years have 94.6% imports and 5.4% exports, Afghanistan can be covert
from consumer economy to an exporter country, and Afghanistan has 1400 different types of
mineral reserves. Afghanistan can be a corridor among central Asian countries and East Asian
countries, due to the new economy Afghanistan manufacturing sector is not able fulfill the
demand of the whole country. Analyses show the goods which are produced by most of the firms
is plastic and its different products. The remaining producers are too much limited or even they
are reserved to a province or zone. During the survey a single firm of sugar is not found while
consumption level of sugar is so high. According to CSO Afghanistan has imported during
2013—14, 155789 tons sugar from the neighboring countries. Same like sugar Vegetable oil is
imported during 2013—14, 408943 tons. Besides this there are many other goods which are still
not producing or manufacturing in Afghanistan. As according to the measurements afghan
market is more profit oriented as compare to the any other country, still Afghanistan export fresh
fruits and dry fruits and rug and different kinds of carpets and Afghanistan also exports raw
material for chemical industries. There are many strong points which support investment in
Afghanistan few of them are as following
1 Consumers market,
2 High demand of basic needs items in market.
3 Zero competition level
4 Required minimum investment
5 Cheap labor force
6 Favorable legal environment for investment.
7 Availability of cheap and local raw material
8 Government support investment
9 Government provides industrial land in industrial parks to the investors
10 International introduction of locally produced goods by organizing different events with
different nations.
Afghanistan private investment law,
Afghanistan investment law protect investors either they are local or foreigners. Afghanistan
investment law support investors to attract investment for the development of sustainable
economy. Few point from investment law and mentioned as following.
1 Investment law allow utilization of tangible and intangible capital in the form of cash,
credit, material goods, services trade mark etc. will be approve by high commission.
2 Qualified domestic and foreign firms can invest in mining, construction, production
and services related activities.
30 | P a g e
3 Domestic and foreign investors can do joint venture among themselves or even with
the government or even they can invest individually and independently.
4 Investors can transfer their capital out of Afghanistan.
5 Private investor can buy and sale their firm. Soled firm capital can be transfer out of
Afghanistan.
6 Investors can open the accounts in the banks
7 Foreigner and local investors can get loan, credit in advance etc.
8 Investor is bound to pay tax customs and bond to follow all internationally known
principles.
Challenges to Afghanistan manufacturing sector
Afghanistan manufacturing sector is facing number of challenges which are following
1 Insecurity
2 High tax on import of raw material
3 Massive flow of legal and illegal imports
4 Unavailability of industrial land
5 Lack of sufficient investment/capital
6 Lack of industrial law
7 Lack of industrial policy
8 Less electricity
9 Expansive electricity
10 Lack of industrial loans
11 Lack of skill labor
12 Corruption in government proceedings
13 Corruption in customs departments
14 Lack of updated technology
15 Tax on imports of capital goods
31 | P a g e
Chapter #5
Recommendations
Source; pharmaceutical inspection co-operation scheme, website http://www.picscheme.org/publication.php?id=8
32 | P a g e
Recommendations;
One of the major objectives of this paper was to collect strong and challenging recommendations
from firm holders. according to the findings recommendations are calculated from the primary
data and all those things which are supporting private investment or barrier for investment, that
are considered as recommendations and barriers are converted into recommendations in the form
of solutions. Recommendations are divided into three categories
1 Recommendations to the government
2 Recommendations to the Afghanistan investment support agency
3 Recommendations to the firm
Recommendations to the government
Recommendation on government or mostly relevant to the ministry of trade and industries,
ministry of finance, Interior ministry, DABS and high commission on investment, are as
following;
1 Insure security of the investors
2 Reduce tax on raw material
3 Stop illegal imports
4 Eliminate corruption in custom departments
5 Eliminate corruption from government proceedings particularly during tax collection
6 Impose high tariff on imports of all those things which are produced domestically
7 Eliminate bribes concept from police particularly when a firm or individual
transferring its finished goods or raw material from one place to another.
8 Provide subsidize and strong electricity especially to the manufacturing sector either
firm exist in industrial parks or out of industrial parks
9 DABS electricians stationed on different transformers or locations should not ask any
kind of bribes or extra money when there is need of investors for their help.
10 Introduce industrial banks which provide loans to the investors at very low interest
rate.
11 Introduce comprehensive private industrial law
12 Provide electricity to all provinces
13 Explore the mines to provide local raw material to the firms
14 Eliminate tax on imports of capital goods
15 Introduce quality control mechanism for domestically produce goods
16 Bound all government projects to utilize domestically produce goods
17 Government should announce a tax free period from 1-5 years, for all those firms
who are investing in manufacturing sector.
33 | P a g e
Recommendations on Afghanistan investment support agency
1 Introduce a mobile desk for investors which should be in coordination of all line
ministries and organs
2 Reform Afghanistan investment support agency data-base to measure and calculate actual
investment
3 Introduce a mechanism which can regularly evaluate every firm which is getting work
permit to understand the things which are said during the taking permit or not
4 Introduce investment policy yearly according to the situation of the state.
Industrial parks department
1 Evaluate the firms existing in industrial parks, those firms which are not
operational according to their business plan cancel their permits and provide to
the active firms
2 While providing industrial land evaluate business plan always keeping in view
trade deficit of Afghanistan, and prioritize according to the trade deficit
3 Provide industrial land to all those firms which can stop outwards flow of capital,
4 Introduce industrial policy document for every years.
5 Provide conditional time period for all those firms who are getting industrial land
to be operation otherwise the provided land will be cancelled
Recommendations on firm’s holders
1 Produce quality goods.
2 Update technology according to the need and requirements.
3 Use strong and strategic marketing techniques also specify budget for marketing.
4 Make your produce goods as a brands
Conclusion
After analysis of the primary and secondary data, Afghanistan manufacturing sectors still not
able to full fill needs of Afghanistan, where the existing industry needs special focus of Afghan
government. According to Afghanistan investment support agency data—base total 5049
manufacturing firms are registered with the total investment$ 1,122,173,355.00 survey covered
251 manufacturing firms in Kabul, Nangarhar, Balkh, Kandahar, Herat, Helmand and Khost,
Afghanistan manufacturing industry produce basic needs products but not covering all basic
needs products, producing few of them. According to CSO Afghanistan manufacturing sector
contributes 18.7% in GDP. There is big gap for investment opportunities in manufacturing sector
the existing firms are not able meet the existing demand, most the existing firms produce plastic
while very less number of firms produce, pharmaceutical and other products.
Illegal imports, corruption and high price of electricity are the challenging threats for Afghan
industries. The illegal imports which compose major part of the market are coming from Iran,
34 | P a g e
Pakistan and central Asian states. Regional dumping policy is an economical terrorism for
Afghanistan manufacturing sector.
Afghanistan industry can only be able to become an export oriented industry if Afghan
government removes all kind of corruption from its organs particularly from customs and
security agencies. Afghan government should have sovereign relations with regional countries to
adopt the policy of tit for tat same tariff and taxies as it exists on respective sides of border.
35 | P a g e
References
Afghanistan statistical year book 2013—14 CSO
Investopidiahttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cagr.asp
Spanish institute for strategic studies/ Analysis document of the IEEE12/2011geopolitical analysis of
Afghanistan/ http://www.ieee.es/en/Galerias/fichero/docs_analisis/2011/DIEEEA12-
2011_Geopolitica_AFganistan_GBBallesteros_ENGLISH.pdf
Michael Yon online Magazinehttp://www.michaelyon-online.com/geopolitical-analysis-of-
afghanistan.htm
Afghanistan investment support agency industrial parks directorate
Afghanistan private investment law
36 | P a g e
Appendix
List of firms surveyed
Number Name Name of product Address
1 Spin Ghar Plastic Mineral water bottles Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
2 pressure cooker product Pressure cooker Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
3 Aria koorer Maze Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
4 Five Star plastic shoes Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
5 Drown Lawd Steel production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
6 Afghan Shaheen Turk clothing powder Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
7 Hero plastic Plastic foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
8 Paktia Star shoes Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
9 Max proud Cake product Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
10 Tawana product plastic basket Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
11 Haronkhalil plastic materials Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
12 Hewad Right PVC Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
13 Sedaqat plastic Plastic foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
14 Sediq plastic Plastic foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
15 Kabul Kowser pipe Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
16 Sky shoes Leather shoes Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
17 Baqa plastic Plastic foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
18 Afghan National Leather shoes production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
19 SafaSahil Plastic Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
20 Tawfiq plastic Plastic foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
21 Sun rise plastic Plastic foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
22 Shuhrat plastic Plastic foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
23 Jawed yaserOryakhail Plastic production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
24 Sarhad plastic Plastic foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
25 Kabul Turk PVC Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
26 Auqab plastic Plastic products production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
27 Khalid Arab Aluminum utensils Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
28 Iftekhar chawla Foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
29 Zurmat plastic Plastic foot wears Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
30 Fakhr Afghan plastic production
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
31 Afshan plastic food materials
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
32 Bratheransadat PVC
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
33 Panel tech
Electrical Switch board,
electronic
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
37 | P a g e
34 Mumtaz food materials Food materials
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
35 BahadarAbid Doors and window production
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
36 Habib Gulzar Ice-cream production
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
37 Afghan polisterin Wall production
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
38 Food Azin food materials Food materials
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
39 Tarsianwilingy cloth production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
40 Kowser plastic Plastic foot wears production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
41 Khan engineering spare parts Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
42 Able plastic plastic Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
43 Nasir riaz Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
44 Fresh Masnowt Burger Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
45 HussainGulArouybi Plastic pipe Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
46 Uromex PVC Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
47 Hofianbastan Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
48 Bakhtiar Gull plastic Plastic Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
49 Behbood Bamyan Construction steel products Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
50 Ager Carton Manufacturing carton manufacturing Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
51 Bilal chardehi Cake ,Biscuit Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
52 Murtaza production Plastic packaging Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
53 Maihanshamal Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
54 watan plastic Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
55 sigma plastic Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
56 super hewad plastic Plastic box Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
57 Gulab plastic Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
58 Mustafa Khalid plastic Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
59 Etehad Afghan plastic Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
60 Yazed Iran plastic pipe Plastic pipe Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
61 Zarin jan plastic Plastic pitcher Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
62 Ariana Rail pipe Pipe plastic Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
63 Beroni Furniture Furniture production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
64 Arbakan PVC PVC Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
65 Botlle production Empty bottle Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
66 Adam Atlass plastic boxes Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
67 Biscuit and Ice cream production Ice-cream &biscuit Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
68 Turk Best Plastic color Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
69 AbasinSherzad Printing press Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
70 Etefaq Omar plastic foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
71 Alkozi plastic Pipe plastic Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
38 | P a g e
72 Raksahak Pipe PVC Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
73 Mutahedfooth wear Foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
74 Kamiabwatan Plastic foot wear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
75 Shaheen foam masnowat Foams pillows production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
76 Plastic materials production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
77 Sadaf production Washing liquid production
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
78 Plastic materials production Plastic production
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
79 Bakhtar pharmacy Medicine production
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
80 Sadat Glass production Glass
Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
Kabul
81 Plastic baskets production Fruit baskets Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
82 Outdoor stone cutting Outdoor Stone Production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
83 Tormko Company PVC & Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
84 Safa Juice Juice Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
85 Pirozi Plastic Plastic Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
86 Ramak Turk Chilik Heater Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
87 Haidari Brothers Production PVC Pipe Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
88 Maihan Dost Oxygen Oxygen production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
89 Sharam Raisins cleaning Raisin & Carton manufacturing Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
90 Dunia Internationl Group Liquid Washing Material Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
91 Jamshid Brothers Raisins cleaning Raisin Cleaning Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
92 Rahim Sahak Footwear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
93 Marcopolo Footwear Manufacturing Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
94 Shinwari Aluminum Aluminum Dishes Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
95 Abdul Rahman Sons Carving
Outdoor Stone Production &
Marble Stone Production Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
96 Khosh Qismat Aluminum Aluminum Dishes Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
97 Khorasan Plastic Footwear Manufacturing Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
98 Barakat Plastic Plastic Water Tank Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
99 Arezo Plastic Plastic Pipe Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
100 Nasir Reyaz Plastic Footwear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
101 Samimi Furniture Furniture manufacturing Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
102 Naw Bahar Plastic Footwear Footwear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
103 Naveed Mazlomyar PVC & Aluminum Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
104 Hilal Outdoor Stone Outdoor Stone Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
105 Amir Afghan Medicine Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
106 Pipe Manufacturing Pipe Manufacturing Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
107
Watan Ziba Pipe Manufacturing
& PVC PVC Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
108 Bumi Handicraft Handicraft Nisagi Bagrami Kabul
109 Goshaesh Nawin PVC Nisagi Bagrami Kabul
39 | P a g e
110 APG Wool Production Wool Production Nisagi Bagrami Kabul
111 Joya Company
Storing commercial Property
& Storing Place Nisagi Bagrami Kabul
112 Ahmad Printing Press Book , Posters & Newspaper Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
113 Amo Amiri Plastic Footwear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
114 Darkhil Footwear Manufacturing Footwear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
115 Bahador Obaid PVC Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
116
Sha Barat Toilet Paper
Manufacturing Toilet Paper Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
117 Qasemi Win House PVC Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
118 Zurmat Footwear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
119 Roshan Aria Footwear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
120 Rahimi Plastic Footwear Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
121 Tabiat Mineral Water Mineral Water Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
122 Royal Plastic Pipe Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
123 Khorasan Oxygen Production Oxygen Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
124
Ahsanullah Habib Carton
Manufacturing Carton Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
125 Ariana Ziba Iodine Salt Manufacturing Nisagi Bagrami Kabul
126 Golshan Shadab Soap Manufacturing Nisagi Bagrami Kabul
127 Tarsian and Blinkley Military clothes Manufacturing Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
128 Ganjlar Furniture Furniture manufacturing Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
129 Amir Gul Plastic Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
130 Chardihi Printing Press Book , Posters & Newspaper Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
131 Ayenda Drokhshan Iodine Salt Manufacturing Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
132 San Pharma Medicine Juma Mohammad Mohammadi
133 Sari Printing Press Book, Posters & Newspaper Pul-e-charkhi Kabul
134 Kabul Glaxi PVC Nisagi Bagrami Kabul
135 Qanadi Helmand Cake & Cookies Helmand
136 Hadal Nasri Company Ice Helmand
137 Etehad Nasri Oil , Soap Kandahar
138 SafaHelamand Ice Helmand
140 Horawi Company Ice Helmand
141 Best Hewad Shoes Helmand
142 Bost Cereal Seed Eggs Manufacturing Helmand
143 Etefaq Helmand Aluminum & PVC Helmand
144 GhafarAzizi Oil, Soap Helmand
145 SahatWaziri Iodine Salt Manufacturing Khost
146 Soap Company
Washing Powder & Soap
Manufacturing Khost
147 Khost HaidarKhil Pomegranate Juice Khost
148 Kawsar Shafa Non--Alcoholic Beverage Khost
149 Jawhar Iodine Iodine Salt Manufacturing Khost
40 | P a g e
150 Abas Afghan
Washing Powder & Soap
Manufacturing Khost
151 LowaCheps Food Material Kandahar
152 NawiKandhar Construction Steel Kandahar
153 Mahmood Satar Mills Construction Steel Kandahar
154 Mahmood Hanifi Outdoor Stone Kandahar
155 Mansoor Momin Acid Manufacturing Kandahar
156 Masood Hekmat Oil , Soap Kandahar
157 Ayenda Sazan Poultry Production Kandahar
158 Kawsar Food Material Cake & Cookies Kandahar
159 Keyor Pharma Medicine Kandahar
160 Abdulrahman baba Steel Mill Kandahar
161 Tariq Mateen Car material Kandahar
162 Safa Maiwand plastic bag Kandahar
163 Shah Abdali pipe , shoes Kandahar
164 Rise plastic Shoes Kandahar
165 Watan workshop Wheat cleaning machines Kandahar
166 Ariana kakar Vegetable oil production Kandahar
167 Aria Milat paper production Kandahar
168 Amin Salim Oil production Kandahar
169 Alfaqeer production oil production Kandahar
170 Afghan nisar pipe Kandahar
171 Food material chicken food material Kandahar
172 Malik juice production juice production Kandahar
173 Masroor food production juice, jam, wrench Kandahar
174 Meeru water Mineral water Nangarhar
175 Sahar food production juice, water, vinegar Nangarhar
176 Sidiq Kamran production PVC pipe Nangarhar
177 Arab Nishat dishwashing liquid Nangarhar
178 Khalil Raihan juice, jam, wrench Nangarhar
179 Khalid Faizad food production juice, jam, wrench Nangarhar
180 Hamidrahim powder, shampoo Nangarhar
181 Amir jaghal wheat, flour Balkh
182 Murtaza Huma macaroni Balkh
183 Afghan bazaar carpet, rug Balkh
184 Yusuf Zahid oil oil Balkh
185 Shamshad plastic Water tankers Balkh
186 Roshan plaster stone, plaster Balkh
187 Balkh oxygen oxygen Balkh
188 Super almas plaster plasters Balkh
189 Afghan soybean soybean peace Balkh
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190 Muhammad Mukhtar production PVC, Boiler Balkh
191 Pamir Blour Limited salt Balkh
192 Abdullah Sultani flour production flour Balkh
193 Ayinda Nilgun salt production iodized salt Faryab
194 Gahar Carpentry PVC window Balkh
195 Blour Afghan salt salt Balkh
196 Nasim Sahar production toilet, tissue paper Balkh
197 Hakim jan production Vegetable oil, soap Balkh
198 Almas juice product water, juice Balkh
199 Sadbarg isogam Outdoor stone production Balkh
200 Arash Mazar production carpet, rug Balkh
201 Afghan royal pipe Balkh
202 Tuyoor Balkh production chicken production
203 Kamyaab plastic Plastic foot wears Balkh
204 Pakiza farm milk , yogurt , dough , cheese Balkh
205 Aria Foam panel boards Balkh
206 Kardan Balkh production electric switch board Balkh
207 Nizame wrest production plastic Balkh
208 Hamid Sadat juice manufacturing juice product Balkh
209 Karimi food company macaroni Balkh
210 Khalid Haroon building material building material Balkh
211 Faizi storage flour Balkh
213 Shamal Sharq isogam Outdoor stone Balkh
214 Faiz Mohammad products oil Balkh
215 Ibrahimzada PVC PVC windows Balkh
216 Nasim Sahar production tissue papers Balkh
217 Shamal proofil Construction steel production Balkh
218 Aria cola juice product Herat
219 Shoko Ansar production juice product Herat
220 Milad Wais production pipe Herat
221 Aria Sehat washing liquid shampoo, liquid Herat
222 Rooz food production chocolate, salty snacks Herat
223 Sayed Samad production biscuit Herat
224 Shahin Shahang food production salty snacks Herat
225 Nimat Bahar food production salty snacks Herat
226 Heray Dunya production salty snacks Herat
227 Khuban cola juice production Herat
228 Jahan plastic plastic tools Herat
229 Noor said food production cake Herat
230 Habibqadir food company salty snacks Herat
231 Super cola juice product Herat
42 | P a g e
232 Asghari stone Outdoor stone production Herat
233 Kam food company biscuit Herat
234 Amini food company chocolate, cake Herat
235 Herat outdoor stone closed Herat
236 Harry food company biscuit Herat
237 Tuyoor Haidari slaughter house slaughter house Herat
238 Mandegar production PVC window Herat
239 Ufuq Cable production cable product Herat
240 Afghan Folad Construction steel production Herat
241 Pamir Cola juice product Herat
242 Shiba liquid company Soap Manufacturing Herat
243 Afrooz company plastic Herat
244 Zolal Mowafaq juice product Herat
245 Sadaf Dana production animal food Herat
246 Botheran Sadaat biscuit Herat
247 Lalai Production biscuit Herat
248 Darbaran chocolate chocolate, cake Herat
249 Shokoh Darya chocolate chocolate Herat
250 Azarsan production gas grill Herat