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CIRCLE 149 ON REAOER SERVICE CARD

September 1994Issue #408

THE TEAMPUBUSHERlEOlTORWayne Green W2NSO/ l

ASSOCIATE PUBUSHERIEDITORDavid Cassidy N1GPH

MANAGING EDITORHope Curriei'"

AmateurRadioToday

TABLE OF CONTENTSSENIORffECHNICAL enrroaCharles Warrington WA1RZW

EDITORIAL ASSOCIATEJoyce sawteae

CONTRIBunNG aorroeeSiRBrown WB8ELKMike Bryce WB8VGE

Joseph E. Carr K4lPVMichael Geier KB1UMJim Gray W1XunChuck Houghton WB6IGP

Arnie Johnson N1BACOf. Marc Leavey WA3AJAAndy MacA!hsler WA5ZfBJoe Moell KOOVCarole Perry WB2MGP

Jeffrey Sloman N1EWO

ADVERTISING SALES MANAGERDan Harper

ADVERTISING COORDINATORJudy Walker1~924-OO58

H lOO..274·7373

FAX: 1-603-924-9327

GRAPHIC DESIGNsuzaeoe Sell

GRAPHIC SERVICESFil rnWorlls. Inc.Antrim NH

GRAPHICS MANAG ERlinda Drew

CIRCULATION MANAGERHarvey Chandler

To subscOOe: 1-800-289-0088

FEATURES

10 Compact 160 Meter Transmitting loop AntennaYou don't need to move to a new OTH! , "" "" , G2BZO

16 The DiscriminatorA directional receiving antenna lor hams and SWLs G2BZO

22 Low-Cost Transmission L inesWhat you don't know can cost you " , K5DKZ

36 The Chal lenge o f 1750 Mete,.No license required WD4PL1I6

REVIEWS

24 The HOFI Antenna SwitchQuality at every turn ,." " WA4BLC

26 Computer Automation Technology's CAT 1000 and CAT 300Repe ater Contro llersAn outstanding value in a crowded marketplace K1ZJH

32 The Yaesu FT-11R MiniatureTiny gets tenific , KB1UM

DEPARTMENTS

64 Above and Beyond

73 Ad Indell

68 Ask Kllboom

62 ATV

79 Barter 'n° Buy

50 Carr's Corner57 Dealer Directory17 Feedback Indell

54 Hams with Class46 Hamsats

56 Homing In

6 Lette~

4 Never Say Ole

80 New Products61 Packet I< Computers

79 Propagation52 ORP

8 QRX

48 RTTYLoop

70 73 International76 Special Events

FEU)BACK_n:t:OB,\(:Kl

" ' , h le helng Ilw:rc-ti,hlhl:...: in our <>tTo:e, 1 ll "w ?J ~", IAe :"h'~m~ge of ourrr.FDB,\ CK c:lni .... p;l1I<'17. You' ll "",io..., ~ fC'Ntuelnumhe. :II ,he l>e~mnln~ de",,11 ~n"le """ c,~ un ....We'J h L~ }"U III r~le " h~(

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"Where/he heck are we going?- Tum to "Homing In" on page 5610 find out.

On /1'Ie cover: The new Comet HA-4$ Mobile HF Antenna (photo by wayne Holden}. Read aOOul it in "New PrOOucts.. page 80.

WAYNE GREEN, INC.

Edilorial Offices70 Aoule 202N

Peterborough NH 03458

1-603-924-<1058:FAX: 1-603..924,9327

Subscription Services1-8Ol).289-0388

Fomgn Subscribers' -609·461 ·8432

Reprinls: 53.00 per artide.~ i:ssI.e:54.00 eadl.

Write 10 73 Amateur Radio Today,Reprints, 70 Route202N,f'elerbor'tllJl1l. NH 03458.

Prinled in ttle U.S.A. by QuadGraphics. Thomaston. Georgia.

Editorial Offices70 Roule 202N

PeIertlorol.91 NH03458phone: 603-92<<lO58

Advertis ing Offices70 ...... _

f'etertlorough NH03458phone:~274·7373

Circulation OffICes70 AOlAe 202N

Peletborough NH 03458ph(M1e:603-924~

ManuK ,ipla Cont"butions in the Iorm 01 manuscripts WIlli draWO"lgs and/or pI1oIographs aro welcoma and wiIbe conSIdered lor possible publication. We ean assume no res.ponsibohty' to. loss o. damaoe to any material.Please encIoM a stamped. sel-MIdresso<l eowelope Wllh Nen ~1SSIOI"l. payment lor the use 01 any unsolOl­eo mat_I '" be made U(J<lO'l pucIoCalion. A premium ... be paid lor aocepIed artdes lhall'\aYe been submittedelaetroniea~ (CompuServe ppn 70310.n5) Of on d>Sk as an IBM-wmpatible ASCII hie. You ea... alSO eontacl ...at e e T3 SSS at (603) 924·9343, 300-2400 baud, B data Ms, no parity. one Slop bot Aneontrib\l1ions $I'IOUkl bed1teCted to lt1e T3 ed ~orill ( otlices "How to Wr~e tor 1:1" gui(le4ines are avalt.a.ble upon request. US c~iZ_ mUlli'Iducle lt1eir SOcial secunly n..mtle. _ sub'''''ted 1'I\&nUSCI'IPls-

n ......hrU' RMIio Todq (ISSN 1052·2522) is pul)liShed monti'll)' by Wayne Green Inc.. 70 Route 202 North,Peterborough NH 03458. Entire com~s e l 894 by Wir>/...e Green Inc , No part 0/ IIlIS pubbclllion may be rt!II'O'duced ...thoU! writlen perm isson of !he publisher. For S <lbIc.ipllQfl Servoees. wr~e to 13 Amate.... Radio Today.P.O. 80. 7693. R~ NJ O9On·7693. or eal 1·800-289-0388 , The subsc..,clOf1 .ale is _ year $2497. two~ars S39.97; Canada: SJ.I21 tor one yeal. S57.75 10. t..o years.~ post.oe and ~ GST. Foreigrlpostage: 519 00 surtaee or $42.00 a ilm a~ adl(l~ll)O,Il per year. AIlloreign orders must be accompa...ied by pay'ment in US l unds. S ocond class postage paiCIat Pelerborovgh, NH. and at additional maIling off ices Canaclllll1second class mail~iSlfaliOn fl 78101 , Ca.....d,an GST ~i5trtlbon " 25393314 Micro/i lm Editoon--lJn iversilyMielvf~ . Mtt AtbOf MI "8106 POSTlAASTER Send address changes to 13 Amaf_ R-oo Today. PO. Box7693. FWe<1on NJ O8On·7693

Com.aC1: W. ...tic be lamou s? Impress you. f.le...ds? Immortahze )'OU. talenls? Subm~ )'OU. bnl shoI lor a"uPCOfI1inll 13 ewer pholo. we migfllllYef1 pay you.

73 Amateur Radio Today . september, '994 3

Number 1 on your Feedback card

Wayne Green W2NSDjl

NEVER SAY DIE

Petertxlrough building I bou\tJt an oldfactory building in the neld lown, Han­cock, and just about rebuilt it , New

' roo!, new walls with insulation, and wedivided it into otlIces .

CD Review soon became the lead­ing m usic revie w magazine in thecountry, with ove r 200,000 read ersand some teburous success sto riesfrom adve rtisers . Reader su rveysshowed that our readers were spend-­ing over $250 million a month on com­cectcece.

It was along about Ihis time th attOG got led up with losing money on73 and cnerec to sell it back to me.We finally Slruck a cleal where I'd pub-­lish it fo r lOG on contract , and thisconlinued until a couple years agowhen lOG made an offer lor CD Re­\Iiew that I couldnl refuse. Part of thedeal was me getting back the owner­ship 01 73. TakIng back 73 was a chal­lenge. lOG had lost hall the reacersand angered most ct me advertisers. Ipicked a new team to handle it andcharged them to be first with reviewsof new ham gear, to publish a ton ofantenna artic les, and to find all of thesimple construction projects t he ycould. Also. I wanted them 10 try andcove r a s many 01 Ihe sub-hobbieswhich make up amateur radio as wecould. Plus I started writing editorialsagain.

II's been a slow climb back, butwe've been gaining readers steadily.Belore 73 did its nose dive it had hadthe most advertising 01any 01 the hammagazines, plus the highest ad rates.How did we get away with that? The73 readers were buying more stuff bya wide margin than the readers 01 theother magazines. We had a lock onthe active hams, with OST being moreof interest to retired hams who wanled"to support the League: We did a OSTreader survey and Iound thai 70% ofthe subscribers never even looked atthe ads in the I ront 01 the magazine,and 50% didn'l bother going throughwhat is essentially a catalog section inthe back. With half their readers unin­te rested in the advertising and noteven bothering 10 look at it, it was nowonder the 73 readers were buying somuch more ham gear.

The Music Business

Two things got me into the musicbusiness. Two thing~ besides publish-­ing a music review magazine, thai is.I've always loved music, so I was hav­ing a ba ll helping to review new CD re­leases. My specialties were classical.counlry, and ragtime.

When I heard s cott Joplin's musicin The Sting, I wondered how I'd man­aged 10 miss something so wonder1ul.I bought every LP of Joplin's music 1could l ind and played them night andday tor months. I got so I knew everynote of everything known of Joplin's.But the more I listened, the more I feltthat none of the performers really un­d erstood what Joplin hed wri llen.None of them were doing it right.

Whi le attending a musiC buSinessConIirlcJ9d onpage 74

ers wanted in. so it was either sell outfor the best d eal I could o r getcrunched. My fellow publishe rs whorefused to sell were blown away.

When I sold my mini-publ ishingempire, my production and ci rculationfacilities and everyth ing else wentwith it. Sure, I was promise4 any ser­vices I wanled to start new magaz­trees, butlhe minute I asked lor them,they were unavailable. I found I wouldhave to start aU OYer and build a newpublishing organization. Without thepubli shing support services there wasno way I could continue to publish 73,so even Ihough lOG didn't want tobe bothered with a crummy little hamradio magazine, they look it.

Unlortunately they handled 731hesame way they did trrf six other maga·nnes. pull ing corporate bumblers incharge. WJltin a couple years 73's adsales and circulation had been cut inhall. It was even worse with my com­puter magazines . 80 MiCro, which hadbeen running over 600 pages a monthand was the third tarpest magazine inthe country, quickly scseoeo and died.InCider (for the Apple) , which hadbeen zooming, was soon almost wipedout by Z iff 's A+. Microcomputing ,wh ich I'd started in 1976 a nd hadbeen a steady prout-maker lor sevenyears, was repositioned and died al­most immediately. And so it went withHoI Coca lor the Tandy Color Comput·er. Desktop Compuling, the first non­technica l computer magazine lor busi­nessmen, Selling MicrOS, a l1l898Zinetor compuler retailers, and so on. Run,lor the Commodore, gasped on for alew years.

Meanwhile I started from scratch,buying a bUilding in North eetertcr­ough where I started CD Review. Iknew that compact diSCS would quicklyre pla ce LP s, and I also knew Ihataround 99% 01 the new CDs Issuedwould be disappointing. so I figuredthat there was a need !of a magazinerating new CD releases, I was right.

I had to buy new typesetting equip­ment. I went with the state-cr-ue-anBedlord systern. II was expensive,costing nearly $1 million by the timewe got through. They had only deliv­ered part 01the equipmenl when Bed­ford wenf into Chapter 11. We nevergot the rest of the equipment, or anymoney back. When we outgrew the

the start ing 01 Byle, Kilobaud, Micro­computing. 80 Micro, Desktop Com­puting. InCit1er, Run, and so on.

Eventua lly microcomputers chal·lenged mai nframes and minicomput·era. In 1964 Gordon Moore, one of theIounders 01 Fairchild Semiconductor,and later Intel, predicted that computerch ips would get 30% cheaper eve ryyear, and that the number of i renee­tors thai could be bui lt on a siliconChip would double every 18 months,These are known as Moo re's Laws,and they are still valid 30 years later.

By 1983, eight yeers into the micro­computer revclu tlon, I'd watche<f theindustry grow at a steady rate of 235%a year. My own publishing mini-empirewas growing at 100% a year. I jokedtha t whenever there seemed like apossibi lity that we might be about tomake a profit t'd start a new magazineand lake care of that emergency. Wewere always operating right on theedge. Credit rating? When I decided 10try and buy a hou se I couldn't lind abank that would give me a mortgage. Ididol care much, I was happy wilh us­ing two rooms 01my 4o-room publish­ing house lor a sma ll apartment. ButSherry wanted a house. You knowhow women are. The nesting instinct,and all.

When it beca me obvious tha t nomatter how m uch microcomputerswere dism issed by the compuler in­dustry, they were going to win, I beganto get overtures to buy trrf publishingcompany. I had the largest collection01 magaz ines in me f ie ld , plus ahealthy book publishing business, anda scttware company with over 250 ti­ties. I also had around 220 employees,and every available building In lown. Ieven bought th e lo cal motel andturned it into 26 nice emcee. each witha shower. The restaurant was convert­ed into a computer lab with 30 micro-­computer development statcos.

Bil Ziti of Ziti-Davis was bidding, aswas Pat McGove rn 01 lOG (Compuler­world) Prent ice-Hall , and others. ABritish group even flew me 10 Londonon the ccoccree to see their opera­tion . Though Pre ntice-Halt had thehighest bid, once I met with their goll·cne-ortemec executives, I knew thatwasn't what I wanled. I opted for lOG.I knew I had .1IIe choice as far as sell-­ing was concerned. The megapublish-

RetrospectiveWith the 35th year or 73 starting

neld month, it almost got me to think­ing. Back in 1960, when I started themagazine I never would have guessedthat I'd still be at it oyer 30 years tater,I wasn't really thinking a lot about thefuture then. I Just knew that the mesa­zine was needed, so I went ahead andstarted II. CO was mosfly columns andco nt e sts ; OST was clu b news.Builders needed a magazine.

I'd been edi ting CO lor live yearsbefore tha t and be lieved that hamswanted a magazine devoted to homeconstruction. Having just been nree byCO 's publisher, who wanted to just runmont hly colu mns because It wascheaper, I sold everything I could , , ,trrf boat, my plane, and even my nmePorsch e Speedste r, and rounded upenough money to print the l irst issue01 73. It was an enormous gamble,and I had no backup In case it didn'tlIy_ It was a one-man operation, withme hustling subscriptions at hamfests.bending arms lor aructes. call ingprcspecnve advertisers, typing suo­SCfiber stencils, editing eeeee. cajol­ing columnists, and so on,

The worst time was in 1964 , whenthe AARt.:s so-called Incentive licens­ing proposa l to the FCC stopped thegrowth of the hobby dead for severalyealS. Within a year the over-85O hamstores selling 73 had lallen 10 around ahundred, with the rest being IofCed out01 business by tens of thousands 01hams selling their equipment at li re­sale prices in panic over the ARRL:sproposed new rules. This was whenover 90% 01 the ham manutacturerswent out 01 business. too. The main­stays such as ttaucraners. Hammar­lund, National. Johnson , Muni-Elmac,ocoset, Millen, sierccre. rrooeesco,and so on disappeared.

When I latched onto 2m and re­peate ra in 1969 as a way to build inter­est. at filSt the reacers hated it Then ,gradually, they found FM was fun andsuddenly there was a new $100 millionham in dustry. II was this succ ess,which only 73 promoted, and whichwe know today commercially as cellu­lar telephones, that gave me the idealor plunging tmo computers in 1975,when the urst microcomputer was in­trOduced by one of my advertisers,MITS, in Albuquerque. That triggered

4 73 Amateur Radio Today· September, 1994

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@

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I :~5~::~ 2 .__ = _ ~~._""' _

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446Mftz 38dBi 14 wave NMO style

@~~ SB·7/SB·7.MO Dual-Band 141Y446MHz w/fokl-Over, No GrooM Plane Required

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center·loaded NMO style4.ffiMHl 7.211 Bi 'A wa~ ~ 3

days unlIt I can wade through every­thing. 73 stays in rf'I iving room Jongerthan CO or OST. and gets better readthan any other magazine. as I wanl toeventually read all the many Ideas andCOllC6Pts you have to expound upon.

I would like 10 address a topic fromyour recent column; nemiests.

This pasl weekend my Iamily and I

participated in the Rochester Ham/est& Computer Show in Henrietta, NewYork. We drove the 85 miles fromCa millus on Friday ettemcon . looklodOing in a motel. and atteOOed theVIP dinner at ttle Marriott that evening.There , al ong with about 135 otherhams and their lamilies, we rubbed et­bows and COI'lY9fS8d with maoy 01 theorvani:Zers 01 the hamlesl, bigwigs fromthe ARRl and CO magazine, The"good 01' boys" were solidly In charge01 this one. Talk about the "mossbacks"in lhe hobby. They were an there, My10 ·year-old son and I were probablythe only no-codes in the room,

Th is Is me blggesl hamtest in theNortheast. The tacilities at the CountyFairgrounds are Inadequate to accom­modate all lhe events, so lhe seminarswere at Ihe Marr iott Inn, three miteslTom the other commercial activities. Idoubt that maoy 01 the aneooees lOOkmuch interest in the seminars.

Th is year, I look a stall in the Ileamarket to sell some unwanled equip­ment. I was one 01 hundreds of ven­dors. The amounl of old, used and un­wanted equjpment was absolutely fan·tasue. Unlortunately. the number 01

vendors outnumbered the bUyers. es­pecially during Saturday. There werel imes when you could have shot a can­non down any aisle and nol hit anyone.Prices came lumbling on compu teritems and great buys In complete corn­peter cutnts were 'inally down around$30 and still moving. Several vendorsnear me c:ommet .ted on how poor thesales were, and many were tok.ing upby earty anemccn on Saturday.

I have no official lally on the event,but I ha.ve heard thaI the tolal enen­dance was below previous years. As inthe recent past. Ihls hamlasl was co­sponsored by CO. For us, it wa s agreat disappointment, but we had luneven it we didn't sell mJdl. This tradi ·tcnat namtest seems to be going theway of othe rs in upstate New York. Re­ports Irom several earlier events in thiSarea this year indicate that ham inler·est is dropping rapidly. The economymay have somelhlng to do wilh it, bul Isuspect most 01 the cause is coveredin your editorial comments.

As you may surmise, I share maoyof your Ideas and alti tudes loward lheamaleur radio hobby. I 100 am con·cemad thaI the ARRl and the "good orboys· still dominating the hObby willcause us to lose much 01 our frequen ·cy speclrum. and lurther de'eat thegrOWing opportunities lor radio activi­l ies with the new lechnologies. I wiSh Icould do more, but you are doing quitea bit . Too ba d your circu lallon isn'tbetter. By lhe way, your magazine isgetting beller, and advertisers seem 10be increasing. ED

the brain, When you reach tfIlJl)OU aredeep tlto frttstration terri/Dry.

The fasl way to learn the code is tostarr listening to random code at thespeed you want 10 learn . Start listeningb' E's and wrile lhem down as !hey goby. Thers's no thinking whalever in­lIOllI8d. You are Iraining your hand towrits what your ears hear aUlomalical·Iy. This quickly becomes 8 sccccn­sdoos op8f<JtIon and lhtts is tar IaSlerlhan the Iook·up syslem. Once the E'sare automatic, add rs, and graduallywork your way through the alphabet.It"s eaSier 10 Jearn tile mosl-used let ·ters (/fSt: [£TAlON SHRDLU.

Most peopie can learn ' 3 per inabouI two days this way. 20 per doesn'ttalc8 mudllongef.

The wtJote idea is to make the oper.atiOn complelely automa'ic so the opdoesn 't have to think or even Iislen.Otherwise, one missed lel/er and aword is gone betore the hapless opcan get bact with it.

No, I naver noticed any rhythm toNavy Fox. It just came al 18 per ena­1essJy. 24 hours a aay. 365 days a year,in five-letter groups. Bur you know, withtoday's da ta transmisSion rates. wecould send 50 years ot Fox in 3 .35minules? I shll remember 1M BIMEK,CAOOF. and FUSAJ prefixes for Fox,telling us whal deciphering system touse. Cheers . . . W8)f1e

John W. luebs N2PMQ, CamillusNY Wayne. your June 1994 edilorialhas moved me 10 respond.

I get so disgusted w~h lhe lotal lack01 organizalion of your remarkS eachmonth, but ... have to~. I keep themagaZine near rrtf easy chair for many

RIch ard Mo lle nt i n. WAOKKC,Overland Park KS Wayne. your com­ment that some men lake ham radioloa seriously could upset their wives. Agood clue 10 the lady shOUld be whenthe minister says, "And do you lake lhisel'young-Iacly, elc.· and he answers.-rrne buSiness," and Ialer that nighl hekisses her and relorls, '73 and 88."

Pet e Blrtholomey KD4G KO ,Jack50nville Fl r would like 10 recoq­nne one 01 your feal ure writers.RiChard Togashi KN6PK. concerninghis "Fast Charger" article in the May1994 1ssu8,

When I attempted 10 gather up theparts lor this project I discovered thatDigi-Key had dlsconlinued sloclling the47).lH inductor (TK4355).

I mailed a Jetter to Mr. Togashi onMay 18, requesting a substitute. He 001only sent me a spare inductor that hehad on hand (whiCh I received on May31). bul also described how to modi/y aAadio Shack pari if I wanled to con­sttud the other version of the Chargerdescribed in the article. I wish 10 thankhim for his Instant response and for notleaving me high and dry without a re­placement part. I trust that the rest ofyour stall is as concerned aboul yourreaders as he is and look forward to allthe great projects 73 wiUcome up wilhin the luture. Keep up the good WOf1( .

Number 2 on your Feedback card

From the Ham Shack

a position to be a vltal resource inlimes 01weather emergency.

There is no Question in my mindthat our role in emergeocy comminu­tions is changing and we need to thinkabout our hilum and seek new and ln­noveuve ways to utilize our skills Inemel'geflCy work $0 we don' find ccr­setves on the outside looking in.

Phill ip Kaw;l KA1WJO. WeymouthMA Wayne, I have never heard of aoyof your code tapes but your ed itorialdescribed a "p rocess of eliminationmelhod'" which is certa inly a Iogicalsp­proach 10 learning coda because Itlehuman rrOnd wants to be logical. IIefygood. bul not a major break lhrough ;however, I would like to hear one 0'your tapes.

Now "MY Melhod' (which you laultme lor keeping a secret allhough it 'sbeen ecvernsec in 73 and Radio Funlor the last lhree years, is manurac­ture<! by IMPS, and is the only codataPe ever to get air play on corrmercialradio and Dayton TV 6 o'clock newsCha nnel 22) uses a simple rhythmmelhod lor character recognition and itis beller measured In "beats pe rminute" then characters per minute, IItakes students aboUt si~ minules to ta­m il iarl ze uiemsefves with 43 codecharacters, My tape is a major break­throug h! (Availa bl e /rom KawaRecords. P.O. Box 319·ST, WeymouthMA 02188.)

I have been workiog with a 75-year­old retired mathematics instructorlhighschool pr incipal 10 create fexl for anewe r and taster vers io n of "TheRhythm of the Code" at 20+ wpm andhe explained the IoIkJwing to me:

T he human mind re sponds torhythm. When we speak there is artlyttlm to iI. When we wrile (like youreditorials) there is a rhythm 10 it. Whena rhythm is applied 10 Morse code itbecomes simple to learn . The "Rhythmof the Code" tape does this.

When you were in the Navy. did youever notice a certa in rtlythm to a Navyship CW call, such as NEFM or NEAK(lap your loot wh i le you sound ou ttnese rhythms)? Get il? This is theprinciple I used in rrtf method and willuse in Mure versions of "Rhythm of IheCode" that I will create.

LETTERS

Bill Burden WB1 BRE, StraffordVT Wayne. I was talking with the PoliceAmateur Radio Team (PART) peopledown in Westford. Massachusetts. re­cently. They monitor 146.52 24 hoursper clay. covering parts 01Rte. 3 seemaOO 495 West . so thai hams can callemergencies directly in 10 the policestation. The inJormatiOn is then relayedimmediately to the appropriate servcevia the police comrrM,micalions system.

II has been interesting 10 walch theearretc change in the nurmer 01 callshandled through PART since the ad­vent 01ce llular telephones. When thisservice was started many years ago.almost all emergencies were cal led inthrough the PART system. Recently,Ihe drop in calls has been signi'icanland is pu lling the amateur radio re­source inlO a marginal value situalioo,

I have been here in Vermont forover two years now and have beenable to monitor emergency communi·cations acwnee on several occasionswhere amateur nets were activated lorsupport. My strongesl impfession hasbeen one 0' amateurs talking to otheramateurs with litIle or no contact with!he opefating agencies. I finally foundout why! It seems that here in lime Ver­mont they have installed a statewidemicrowave system with 200--300 chan­nel capability and agency intercornrt'l.l­wcaucn is a sla ndard thing. Further,the sites and system have been "hard ­ened'" 10 survive the harsh weather.loss 01 power. etc., so that the stateCOI'TUT-..nicatiOnS system functions wellIn all condit ions.

One rumor I gol 'rom the activitiessurroun ding the latest los Angele searlhquake was that many cellula rphone systems survived and operaledwe ll and tnet one of the telephoneBBSs wa s ha ndling larg e·volumeheallfl and wetIare traffIC tor the area.

Recent discussions among some 01us here in New England support thenotion that our role in emergency com­rn.Jnieations is changing. While we willst~1 need the capabilily to provide sup­port in some extraordina ry ctrcum­stances, much of the wor1I we used 10do is handled on a more routine baSisby the serving agencies now, Th eyhave put more money tntc developingsophisticated and "hardened" systems.In some ways. we may be viCtims 01

haYing done a good Job of COI'IYincing Phillip-My code tapes aren ', anythese people. by word and example , 01 different from most others, or from ran-the value 0' a good emergency com· dom code generated by a computermunications system. We are lind ing fJIOfTSrn. The ddfereflC8lJas to do withthaI we need to torm more alliances not learning the cIlarael8t's before )OU

with groups lhat, lor reason 01 cosl or start. This is insidious in thai il sets upskills, simply do not have good emer· a Iook·up table in one side or the brain.gency support communi cations . A The ear output is fed inro rhe otherclear example is th e American Red Side. The next step is to send the dotsCross. Our relationsh ip Is very good and dashes over and look up the char·and we can pI"OYide a valuable service aeler. Then the character is senl backIn setting up communications networks to be wriNen. It's this bact and Iorth Be-

between she lters. The Skywarn pro- tivi ty which causes rhe s o-ca lledgram promises to put amatelJ" radio in plaleau al 10 Itpm. That's the speed of

6 73 Amateur Radio Today . September, 1994

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LNG·(*)ONLY $59- -

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HELICAL RESONATORPREAMPSGaAs FET preamps ~_.WIttI helical re$Ol'l' .ators reduce inter-mod .. cross-bandinterference in criIicaI eppIicationsMODEL HRG.i·), $.10 vhf, $1fO uhf,'$p«i1y luning " 1lQ<J: j(;>.r50, 150- ItJl, ItJl·11~, 1 1J-1JJ, JlOlfO.

FEATURES:_ Very 10'" nols, :O.7da vhf, Q,SdB uI1I_ High gain: 13-2OdB, depends on Iraq- Wide dynamie range · resist overload• Stable: Iow·leedback dualilBte FET"Sl>eclY IlnO>g' _ ' 2S-~ .o&-!i6, IJ, -15:l..~ "'. l lO-lJO. 0100 J to. 80J0.\lSO 1.I>t<.

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COR·3 REPEATER CONTROLLER.features aqusf:able lall and l ime-outtimers. soltd-state relay, courtesy beep.and local speaker ampllf'ef kit $49

CWID. OKXlll programmable any lime IIIthe field . ad,ustat:ile lone, speed. andIJrne< . Iut S59COR.... Complete COR and CWiD allon one board CMOS log iC for lOIN powerconsumption EPROM programmed;speofy call .. ..k'l S99, w&t $159

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Versatile DVR·1 DIGITAL VOICERECORDER Module , As a voice 100erfor ~eate ra ,. records your VOice , USingthe 111·m microphone or external mI(:.Jus1 the thing for 10J! hun' xmtr i(l ' Mayalso be used as a contul cai lltr to playbad< one or more messages ltlroug. )'Ol6transml1ter al Itle press of a SWllctl Usedas a [!ldi9 nolep'd, It can record theeenc output Of a receiver _ up to 20 sacof anything you might want 10 recall latef

Play bad<. asoIten as youhke Ihrough asmali externalspeaker Ex­lensive man­ual tel ls howto use rruIIiplemes$3g8S andadapt 10 manyBpplicaliQ(ls

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pealer, eoable either open or closedaccess lor repealer or aulopatctl, lindenable lal! calls, reverse patch, ker·chunk ulter, site alarm, eux rcvr.

oChange r:w speed and tone, beepOOIay, tall bmer, aod OOl¥Iesy beeptype -' any time by owner~protected cllmf CO'\"IITlaI"l.

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o R76 ECONOMY FM RCVR for 28-30, 50-54, 73-76. 143-174, 213-233 MHz.w/o helical res, If selectivi ty > lClOdS at t 12kHz . Kil s $129, w&t $21 9

~~ R76 MONITOR FM ReVR Ia lor 10M, 6M. 73 MHz, 2M, hi-banct, or 220

NEW MHz. IF selectlvl!y 60dB at t12kHz Great tor rJJ()r'If!()rWl repeaters,amateur caIing 1rllQlJE!l"lCleS, or packel: radio ffequenaes. arx::llor isIefl.

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Kit $1095; w&t only $12951

-1

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• FCC type accepled lor o~"'.TI'_~""eevce in150 & 450 bands.

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can be ccoecued by 4-dl!Jrt dlmfcommand. via radio or lelephone.

• Owner can inhibit ao..rtopatch or re-

a REP-200T Voice Message Repeater. As above, exceptNEW incllJdes Oigrtal v oce Pecoroer Allows message up 10 20 sec. to be

remotely re<:o<ded off Ihe ai' and played bacl< at user request byDTMF command, or as II per ioOcal voice id . or boIh. ...... k it Sl145, w&1 only $1395

e ~~~~~.I ,;!;~~~~.~~~;.~~'~~~I~)::&·~:~;~~=REP-200N Repeater. WanllOuse )'Ol.or M;C CQrltroler, etc.? No problem!We1 make you a repeater WIttI If modules any . . Kit only S695, w&1$995

QRX. • • Number 3 on)'OlJr Feedback card

73 Publisher Wayne Green is entering his own 73rd yearth is month with no end in s ight. fn fact, repor ts o fbuzzards circling overhead are greatly exaggerated. The..-anerable entrepreneur is marking another milestone thisSeptember as welf-73 magazine is entering its 35thyear of publication. Time marches on! (Photo by CharlesWarrington WA IRZW)

Photo SearchUncle Wayne wants you to shoot our

next cover photo! Suitable subjects wouldinclude ham rad io equipment, amazingantenna arrays, o r better yet, catchyideas of your own . Keep in mind thatour format calls for a color photo which is:1. Vertically-oriented: 2. Sharply focused;3. Leaves extra room at the top and lettside ; and 4. Not too b usy. We pre ler35mm prints.

Send your color prints 10 73 Ph otoSearch, 70 Route 202 North, Peterbor­ough, NH 03458. Please include a briefdescription of your photograph, yourlull name and callsign , and your per­mission to publish . We cannot returnphotos without an appropriately-sizedSASE. If we do not use your photo onthe co ver, perhaps we 'll find a spotinside. We've even been known to occa­sionally pay money for a good job. Goodluck!

What's YourExpiration Date?

Amateurs receiving new or modi­f ied FCC licenses after Ju ne 8,1994, should look carefully at thei rexpiration date. On ly new, first li ­censes or specific renewals are be­ing given a full to-year term. li­ce nse upgrades, change o f ad ­dress, callsign, or name are nowbeing processed with the origi nalexp iration date intact, instead of anautomatic t o-veer extension.

New software in the FCC's com­puters is now processing amateurradio licenses the same way as oth­er Private Radio Service licenses.You should still submit renewal ap­plications 60 to 90 days before expi­rat ion. Eventually, the FCC intendsto mail expi ration notices to ama­teurs. Renewals require a complet­ed Form 610 sent to the FCC's li­cens ing divis ion in Getty sburg ,Pennsy lvania. TN X West/ink Re ­port, No. 676, Jufy 19, 1994; ARRL

Going UpIf you plan on buy ing a new piece

of ham gear that is made in Japan,you may want to do it now. Pricesare expected to skyrocket soon dueto the changi ng value of th e yenversus the US dollar.

At press time, the US dollar has fallento a new post-WW II exchange low. Aye a r ago, a dolla r wou ld buy 125Japanese yen. Currently, a dollar will on­ly buy about 97 yen. Add to tha t thedeep recession in the Japanese econo­my and you can see that it is unli kelythat manufacturers can afford to cutp rices to keep up with the exchangerate. TNX West/ink Report, No. 6 76, July19, 1994; Newsfine.

Less is MoreVice President AI Gore's call for the

government to reinvent itself is leadingto a reorganization at the Federal Com­munications Commission. What exactlywill change is as yet unclear, bu t theFCC's Private Radio Bureau and licens­ing procedures are likely to be invo lved.

Rumors persist that the re will be anew Wire less Services Bureau, possiblyheaded by current Private Radio BureauChief Ralph Halle r, A new International

Bureau, designed to coordinate globalcommunications issues may also be inthe works.

Whatever form the real igned FCCtakes, it wi ll have to be financed withless than ant icipated revenues. Thecommission had hoped to get a S188.4million budget approved for fiscal year1995, but the Ho use Appropr iationsCommittee lowered that figure by nearly520 million . TNX W5 YI Report, Issue# 14, Jufy 15, 1994.

Enter the DBS EraIt is being touted as the b iggest

launch o f new consumer e lect ro n icstechnology in history. With most of thenation still totally unaware, the age ofhigh-power Direct Broadcast Satell ites(D BS) has begun. DBS is expected tobe available na tionwide by the end ofthis yearl

C able com pan ies should be co n­cerned, because DirecTV (GM Hughes

Electronics) and USSS (Hubbard'sUS Satel lite Broadcast ing) havequietly rolled out their DSS offer­ings-a f irst step toward a 500­channel service. Currently, the DBSservices are being test-marketed inShrev eport , Louis iana, and Jack­son, Mississippi.

To receive DBS, you need a set­top digita l satelli te receiver/decoderbox that links the TV to a small 18­dish antenna. To ta l cost of theneeded equipment , includ ing re ­mote control, ranges from $650 to5900, depending on fe atures. Amajor television ad campaign pro­moti ng DBS is set to launch th ismonth . TNX W5YI Report, Issue#14, July 15, 1994.

TNX •••... to all our cont ributors! You

can reach us by phone a t (603)924-0058, or by mail at 73 Maga­zine, 70 Route 202 North, Peterbor­ough, NH 03458. Or you can reachus on CompuServe ppn 70310,775@compuserve.com; o r at the 73BBS at (603) 924-9343 (300-2400bps) , 8 data bits, no parity, one-stopbit. News items that don't make il in­to 73 are often put in our othermonthly publicat ion, Radio Fun. Youcan also send news items by FAX at(603) 924·9327. iii

8 73 Amateur Radio Today - September, 1994

Data Controllers Put You In Control• Ouolsimulroneous pom.• Automo~( signal idenficotion.• 9600 bps modem oplioo CMlilobo.• ~l, Ch,byshev bandposs filler.• Ouofport Gol,woy:Pork,l loAMTOR, Pock'l ro

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Compact 160 Meter

Transmitting Loop AntennaYou don 't need to move to a new QTH!

by Richard Q. Marris G2BZQ

The 160 meter band (1800-2000 kHz) isbeyond the reac h of a high percen tage of

transmitting amateurs. Yct. this band can bemost enjoyab le. usually with a very highstandard of operating. But-thcre are prob­lems!

Thc fact is that most TXers have near-im­possible antenna problems. These are: I ) alack of suITiciently large real es­tate 10 erect an anten na; 2) localantenna restrictions regardingputting up a large antenna: 3)the impossibility of installingthe necessar y effic ient groundsyste m : 4 ) the apa rtmen tdweller 's lack of antenna space;or 5) the "no TX antennas here"syndrome. Probab ly over half o fthe licen sed amateu rs live inapartment s. o r ha ve very re­strictcd space fo r a la rge out ­door ante nna. or face " rules andregulatio ns: ' or other rest ri c­tions.

The answer 10 "getting on theai r" on 160 is a small indoorve rtical multi-turn tuned loopwhich. though small in size. isd iffi cult to load and match tothe TX. If a ba lanced configura­tion is used, it will operate with­OUI a ground connection. Prop­erly designed. such a loop wi llgive yeoman se rvic e. II o bvi­ously will not co mpete wit h a160 meter dipole or a Beverage,however. which few have spacefor.

The size of the loop will be dictated bythe domestic space available, the amount ofwire requi red (in turn st ). and the absolutenecessity to finish up with a design with (Ill

exact number of complete t lln u . i.e. no ha lfturn s. quarte r turn s o r o the r pa rt turn s .Stnungely enough. the proximity effec t is farless critical than on l:ID meter or higher bandloops.

Thc circuit is simple bUI novel (sec Figu reI ). and shows six square loop turn s resonat­ed by variable capacito r C I (with C 2 in

10 73 Amateur Radio Today · Se ptember, 1994

seri es), and loaded with coil L2, with a50-ohm impedance matching tapping point.An o ptional ground connection is show nbut . unless a really good radial ground isavailable , it is better nOI to usc one at allat the loop. I use OJ water pipe as a ground,c o n nec te d to the T X/R X i nput socke t .and not the loop. The loop has been used

Photo A. The finished J60 meter loop.

with about 7 watts CWoFigure 2 sho ws the neal profile of the

loo p. II consists o f six wire turns woundaround a 36 N x 36N limber fram e, mountedon a p las tic box contain ing mercsonat ing/loading/matching c ircui try.

AI this QTH the loop stands on a tablealongside the operating position. with theluning knob (C I ) within easy reach. Opcrat­ing ts made easier with a large instrumentkno b . T he roo m is about 20 feel aboveground level. No dou bt the more ingenious

could stand the loop on the I loor of a loft,wi th a conventional remote control turningmechanism.

C I is a robust ISO pF variable capacitor,wh ich was avail ab le, with a 150 pF h ig hvoltage (2KV) capacitor (C2) in series. De­pending on availability, Ct and C l could bere placed w irh a single 75 pF variable.

Construction

The main frame (Figure 3) ismade of I_1 14M

II: 3l8N _lhick sea­soned timber. This is assembled.a s shown. 10 give a 36 N x 36"sq ua re frame . rein forced withwood comer blocks and glued to­ge ther. Th e ..... hol e frame isrubbed down with line glass pa­per. and Fini shed with teak woodstain. Onto th is frame arc woundsix turns of 16/0.2mm PVC-cov­ered wi re (old = t .Smrm. Thiswire is ra ted as :\ amps at 1000volts RMS . The wire turns aree qu i-spac ed to app rox imately114" apart. from center conductorto center conductor. T he loopturns are terminated as shown inFigures 3 and 4C.

T he tuning/match ing unit (C I+ C2 + Lli is bui lt into a gray(see the safety note at the end ofthe Pans Li:<-I) plastic box 7_ 114 N

II: 318 M

X 2· 3/8 M (see Figures 4Aand B I. The box is bolted (withthe lid to the rea r) to a solid woodbase 12" x 8" x IIr.

L2 is a se lf-su ppo rting c oilconsisting o f 30 slightly-spaced I" d iameterturns of le-gauge tinned copper wi re. T hetop end of L2 is soldered to a Ihin brass boltthrough the box top. and hangs down. so thatthe boucm end is soldered to a thi n brassstri p used to connect the frame of C t to thecurer o f the coaxial socket. The socket centerconductor is tapped. via a snort lead. to L2(described later in this art icle ).

The loop frame/winding (sec Figure 3) isbolted to the top of the pla.stic box. using ny­lon bottsznutszwashers (see Figure 4C) which

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Here's why . . . toroid cores and is wou nd withMesslve Tr-.In'imitting Capacitors Teflon" wire ~nnecled ~o high

You get two massiw! 250 pf voltage ceramic feedthru In'iU~.transmitt ing variabl e capacitors II lets you ope!"le hl~h power 1010with detailed logging scales. They balanced feedlmes Without corecan handle amps of RF cu rrent and saturation or voltage breakdown.withstand 6000 RF volts because Ceramic Antenna Switchthe plates are smoothed and polish - A two wafer 6 position ceramiced and have extra w ide spacing . antcnn.a switch with extra large C?O""

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digit turns counter and spinner knob with this rolle r inductor. Cross-Needle Meter You also get a 300 watt du m mygives yo u exact inductance control Finn spring s put high MFJ-989C You ge t a lighted peak and load, fu ll on~ year unconditionalfor absolute m inimum SWR. p ressure on a pl ated contact wheel average reading Cross-Needle guarantee. flip stand. all aluminum

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You gel a lighted Pf'ak and average readingCross-Needle SWRlwaltmeter, antenna switch, 4: Ibalun for balanced lines. 1.8-30 MHz coverage andafull size dummy load that easily handles 300 wattsof abusive tunc-up power.

New 8 posit ion antenna switch lets youpre-tune into dummy load to minimize QRM .

The inductor switch is designed for high RFvoltages and currents-Irs not a plastic switch madefor small signals and wired with tiny gauge wire.

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CIRCLE 86 ON REA DER SERVICE CARD

FIgure J. The ctrcun.

14 36" .1

Loop L1 6 Turn Loop(Ll) •

36"

~

C2 , == =15.

= L08cllngllh lching Coli L'

e l =4 T @I 5-1 /4 " .c 4 Tuning/Matching Unit150 - cp L~Z T. T"""

Coax ial

...L Soc ke t 4 Wood e ase

~ 'o-

.

pass through between turns th ree and four ofthe windi ng. Do nol usc metal bolts as thesemay partially RF short adjucent tum s.

The loop is connected to the TX/RX witha short length (5 feet ) o f RG 58 reednne.

Getti ng On The Air

The top lap on L2 (from end of LI) will

determine the freque ncy range . For maxi ­mum efficiency. CI should be set as near ze­ro pF capacity as possible. fit the HF end ofthe band (i.e. 2000 kHz).

The impedance matching lap from thecoax ia l socke t is co nnec ted fo r the bestimpedance match ing for 50 ohms. On theprototy pe this was at 19 turns up from the

bottom of L2. and th is should be used in i­tially while the loop frequency range is ad­justed .

Checking: the frequency range on a rcceiv­er turned to 2030 kHz. try shorting out turns.from the top of L2. On the prototype it wasnecessary to short OUI the top two turns. toresonate the loop. on the RX. at 2030 kHz

_ - - - 3."-----j.j1-1 /4"

-+1 1+

3."

...J L

Corner Blocks /( Gl ue)

4 3/8 ~ Wood

Nylon BoltsThru FrameAnd Box

-,, ~ r

/ 1/2",

LoopTurn s ~~

End Of LoopWire Turn

Figure 3. Main f rame and loop winding,

12 73 Amateur Radio tcaev»September, 1994

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Signature

53rd Annual Convention MexicanFederation of Radio Experimenters

For further information, please write to :FEDERACION MEXICANA DE

RADiOEXPERIMENTADORES, A.C.Molinos 51, Dcsp. 307 Y 308,

Col. Mixcoac Mex ico D.F. CP 03910Or send us a fax to :+ 011 (525) 273-1 01 9

During this celebration , the " Ham of theYear," as well as the " Azteca de Oro"and " Azteca de Plata" awards will bepresented.

Don't miss the opportunity to enjoyMexico's most beautiful vacation resort,Puerto Vallarta, and have fun joining ourHam Group from all over the nalion!

The Mexican Federation of Ham RadioExperimenters (Federaci6n Mexicana deRadio Experimentors invites all amateurradio operators to our 53rd AnnualConvention, which will be held in thebeautiful paradise of Puertovallarta,JaJisco, Mexico, from October 6th thru 9th.

The Fiesta Americana Vallarta Hotel willhost this event In its main conventioncenter and exhibit room. Your purchaseIncludes 3 nights and 4 days (If you wishto extend your stay, more days areavailable-just contact the hotel), freebeverages from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m., aswell as daily breakfast and lunchthroughout the duration of theconvention. To top It off, on the firstevening, you will enjoy a Mexican NightDinner; on the closing evening, dine anddance at the Gala Dinner. Earlyreservations will give you a preferredrate, as Indicated.

If you plan to attend with your family ,great! Two children can stay for free ineach room and children's programs areoffered . There will also be specialenterta inment programs available forspouses, so everyone can have fun.

Guided tours of Vallarta are available foranyone who is interested in purchasingMexican arts, crafts, and souvenirs. TheFiesta Americana Vailarta Hotel Is a';'c X ;'c ;'n 'c beach hotel and all roomshave an ocean view.

For exhibit space quotes and rates, please contact us via fax or mail.

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with ze ro c a pacity onC I. It follows that to res­onate at th e 2000 kH zHF band edge. it will re­quire a small amount o fca pacity on CI. T he loopwill now re son atethro ug hout the band byadjus ting Ct . wit h n ofurther coil adjustmentnecessary.

App ly a few waus tothe loop a nd it sho uldlo ad quite e asily 011 theTX frequency. Due to thepossi-bility of minor di f­fe re nces in ind ividu a lc o ns tru ct io n. th eimpedance matching tap.on l2. sho uld be tried+/. a lillie to obtain bestmatching.

T he loop is now readyto try " o n-the-air: ' Theusab le bandwidth , on afix ed sc n iug of C l. isabou t II kHz o n the pro­totype. The ad vantage ofthis narrow bandwidth istwofold : T he loop act sas a comparatively nar­row ba ndwi dt h band­pass filt er e li minatingharmonics and TVI; it al­so reduces ambient noiseand general ma n-m adeinte rfe rence o n the re­ccivcr. The loop has beenused wi th about 7 wattsCW with the T X havinga Pi-output ci rcuit.

Rem em be r: TX fre ­quency = loop resonantfrequency = RX frequen­cy. Have fun! iii

Wood Bil se12" x 8" x 1/2"

"'-SO-239

i4-3/8"

1

Wood FrameBottom

Brass Strip

L2

araee Boil/Nul/' (Solder To 1.2)

7·114 "

Tuna

(b) Rear View

Cl

To loop End'

(a) Front View

(c) Top View

Figure 4. Tuning/matching unit.

loop End Thru Box Top

<D<S>

NylonNul , /Bolt ,

'4_--------,,"---------.

50·239 •

Plasl ic Box ..7-1f4 " • 4-318" • 2-318"

C'Y.1,,,Loop wire,2,,

Parts ListPortVariable cepeetor (el l 150 pF wide space receiving type (see lext)Capaci tor (C2) 150 pF silver mica or ceramic disc (2 kV)2 oz. reel 0116 gauge l imed copper Wire.Coaxial scoet161O.2mm high lemperalure PVC wire tc.c.• t.amrm. 3 amps at 1000 volts AMSPlastic box t-rot black) 7· 1/4' x 4-318'. 2-m" minimumLengths of dry seasoned urcer 6'0" x 1·1/4' x 318'Small l in 01 leak wood dye and glueBaseboard 12' x 8" x l f2"limber

'Safety-Plasl ie BOlles; It has been suggested thai some btac/( molded plastic boxes are made using recycled ptaslic. and thaI carbon btad( is used lot btad(

coloring (obviously nol good at RF) . II has been irfllO$Sille 10 dlec:k this as many boxes are molded in Taiwan, ere.• so; Safety FIrst.

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14 73 Amaleur Radio Today . September. 1994

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CIRCU 51 (lfoI READER SERVICECAIIO

Number 5 on your Feedback eard

The DiscriminatorA directional receiving antenna for hams and SWLs.

by Richard Q. Marris G2BZQ

T he Discriminator is a ferrite loop highperformance e xperime ntal di rectional

receiving antenna. designed for use between1600 kH z and 4000 k Hz. Ttus freq ue ncyrange covers lhe 80 and 160 meter amateurbands. marine beaco n and co mmu nic ationba nds . so me a irc raft activi tie s and . ofcourse. a large number of broadcast stationsworldwi de . It should be of interest to boththe TXing and SWUng amateu r.

The circui t is pictured in Figure I . Thedesig n will produce a perfect figure-eightpolar diagram with acute nulling at 90 and270 degrees (Figure 2A). In addition. with

the aid of an optional sens ing rod antenna .the polar diagram ca n be changed to a ca r­dioid configuration. as shown in Figure 2B.

Mounted on a turntable. the Discriminatorwill eli minate QRM and QRN. and also,with so me prac tice. will. i f required. give di­rection-fl nding facilities.

The Figure I circu it shows a balanced fer­rite rod loop L1 tuned by C IA and C I B.coupled to the receiver's 50 ohm input viaL2. T he nicke l zinc ferri te rod is unu sually15- long and In - ind ia me te r. T h is lo ngrod substa ntia lly in-

creases the RF signal voltage. The windingwidth of L I is about one ninth o f the tota lrod length. so very acute nulli ng is achieved.to a far greater ex tent than would he expect­ed with a single 7- 1/2~ or shorter ferrite rod,For these not requiring se nsing faci lities. theferri te loop L I. C IA. C 1B. and L2 can beused as an efficient entity (see the right sideof the assembl y profile in Figu re 3).

To produce an o pti o nal card io id po la rContinued oil /mgt.' /8

Ferrlle Rod

. ,"

...

.,"(a) Plrfect Fig u re ' 8' Loo p Po lar Dilgrlm

C3

...Telesc opingSensing Rod

P I

SKT

sw...

Figure 2. Polar diagrams.

.,"

L2

10K

ZQ",SO

Chass isGround

C2 _4 10pFCJ_182pF

-----------------------------------------------------

Figurr t, Circuit.

16 73 Amateur Radio Today · Septembe r, 1994

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In our contiruing etIoft 10 present the best In ama­leUf radio features and columns, we recognize theneed to go directly 10 the SOUfCe-yllU, \he reader. Ar­ticles and columns are aSSigned feedback numbers,wtich appear on eadl arvd&'column and are also es­ad hete . These runbers correspond to those on theleedbXk card qltlOSide Itis page. On the card. pleasecheck the box wtlidl honeslIy represents yf:A1I opnon01 each article or column.

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73 Amateur Radio Today· September. 1994 17

tJ 500 Coax

See Fig 7

U ,L1/L2-,

Tune L.1

C1b

C 10

Tune L1

L3

eo

nSW

Phasing

Figure $. Underview.

Figure 4. Layout,

Phasing

(b) Top View

Ins ula tedBra c kel

C 2

0 0 CO J 500 Coax

Tune L3 Phasing Tune L1

0 " ~I(aJ Front View

-r-

Tune L3

Tune L2

SKT

." @

t14 6 ·114 -

G:=>SW

In su lltedS hl tt ---",

SKT

14

L1 I l2~ft-- See Fig. 7

C3

Rod -.E.• r-

1/4"

Plug ....,1/4- SKT

...........~:!.....-_..c::!:!::L..-------l_L,

t

0"

-~===-!.:..:====!:::=

Construction

The whole fi nal assembly was built on analuminum chassls size 8- wide x 2·112- deepx 2-1 /2- high. T he pro file (Fig ure 3) andlayout (Figure 4 ) shows the horizontal IS"ferri te rod on the right, with the contro l knobof resonat ing capacitor C IA and B to therighthand fro nt, T he vertical se nsing rodplugs into extreme len with the resonatingcapaci tor CC21knob in front . The phasing re­sistor knob is in the center front. with switchSW above on the chassis. A very essentia ldimension is the 6-1 /4- distance between thesensing rod and ferrite rod. If the cardioidsensing faciliti es are nOI required. then thechassis width could be reduced to r or so.If necessary, there is room for a wid cbandRF amplifier unde r the c hassis. which has aremovable bcuom plate.

The chassi s underside (Figure ~ ) is se lf­explanatory. C IA+ B is a conven tional 500 +500 pF Ij -frume variable capacitor. mountedon the chassis front. C2 + C3 is a si milar~~O pF + ISO pF variabl e mounted on an in­su lating bracket. w ith insu lated co n trolshaft. Variable resisto r R is di rect on thechassis front.

L2 consi sts of 30 close-wound turns of 22gauge enamel copper wi re wound on the endofa 1-112" x 1/2" di ameter paxolln tube, andfi ned with Flex ends. The 3/8" diameter fer­rite rod was cut to 1-112" from a le ngth ofsalvaged rod from an o ld radio.

The step-by-step fabrica tion of the ferriterod L I and L2 assembly is shown in Figures6 and 7. Two 7-112" long x l /r d iameternickel vine ferrite rod s, type R6 1-050-750.arc adhered end to end (see Figure 6A). Therods' ends are c leaned with fine g lass paper,and adhered togethe r with a cyanoacrtateadhesive (e. g , Su pe rg lue). It se ts withina fe w seconds . Ne xt , w ind one tu rn o f4"-wide se lf-adhesive label at the rod center(see Fia ure 6 B). L2 is dose-wound usina• •36 tu rn s of 0 .9mm o. d . PVC -c o ve re dI(YO. l mm connection wire (see Figure 6C),with the ends held in position 4" apart by 1"­wide masking tape . Over this wind two turnso f l "-widc masking tape at the center ofL I , over which wind fo ur turns o f PVC

d iagra m (Fig ure 28). the se ns in g ci rcui tconsists of a short vertical sensing rod res­onated to a quarter wave by LJ/C2, with a10 kilohm variable phasing control resistorR. The switch SW enables this sens ing cir­cuit 10 be swi tched in/out when required (de­scribed later in th is article).

The origi nal very e xperimental provingmodel was assembled on a shee t of circui tboard. with the sensing rod stuck out o n awood boom ann. Two things became imme­diately apparent: A IS" horizontal ferri te rodwas very vulnerable to damage and wouldrequire protection: and the verti cal sensingrod, on its horizo ntal boom together with a15- rod. produced a most ungainly and un­wieldy contraption . The problem was so lvedwith chassis construction: a robustly protect­ed ferrite rod assembly, and a plug- in tele­scopic sensing antenna rod.

18 73 Amateur Radio Today . Septembe r, 1994

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30 Tum .22 Gauge

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TO C1b

tu ne CIA + 8 (0 the required frequency.Maximum signal is broadside 10 the ferriteloop. and min imu m sig na l is on therod ends. The nulling is extremely sharpand eliminates most QRM and QRN. Thechass is bottom pla te mu st be fill ed fo rfull sc reening. With a high RF gain receivera prea mpli fi er has not been necessary but. ifrequired . a wideband RF amplifier c ircuit

Fe"Ue AlMlLl I U(s.. FiO 6 )

n '

1-611" • 31." --_Wood

,.,

.... '"PI• • lle",..' • 3/8'

r-'i/ '..

•

-

Figure 6A, B. C. D: Ferrite LI and U assembly: £: coil assembly.

'"

Figure 7. Ferrite rod coil and support assembly.

(bl l =====~~;,,;,~,;,~w;;~;;::';~;;::';';'ffi;";;::~;"';:=====~ Cl__"d T.......

/ (PVC 101.1m m COM.ctlO" WI..

,., 1===== 1= _ :::::J -" I\: L1 ;;..........s.c" .. "'''d. Wil liTo C1. To C1b 1" WI,", "'ul<l" O T....

C=====~=:L1 UL1

,,'

,.

OperattonIn operatio n with the ferrite loop used

with the sensing circuit in the OFF position.

rod with hot cand le wax. The sensing rodci rcuit should no w operate between 4000and 1600 kHz. It can be extended down fre­quency by connecting C3 in parallel withC2.

I- - I•

1/1 ' t ' GIU

--I. ,"I

T' ·3'.

.!.

Setting Up

Th e un it s hould be co nnect ed to th ereceiver input wit h not more tha n 36" o fRG58 coaxial feedline. Set-up procedure isas follows.

( I) Ferrit e Rod lL1 /L2 Assemb ly: Withthe sensing rod removedand the switch OFF. setthe receive r to a signalaro und 2000 kHz androtate C IA and 8 to res­o nance. Rotate the unitfor max imum signal­see the polar diagram inFi gure lA . Rotate theuni t to check the acutenulli ng. Repeal this op-e ra tio n at 1600 a nd4000 kHz. and spot fre­quenci e s in be twe en .T he protot ype coversfrom .l IDO kHz to below1600 kHz. This pan ofthe un it can. as pre vi­ously mentioned. form asel f-containe d. highlyefficient fe rri te rod an-tenna on a red uced 3"wide chassis. producin gthe polar diagram shown in Figure 2A.

(2) Sensing Rod Circuit : Plug in the tete­scopic whip. pUI the switch to OFF and ro­tate C2 to near minimum capacity. Tunc thefe rrite loop to a sig nal at 4000 kH z withCI A+8 : put swi tch SW to ON and. with thephasing resistor at around midposition. slideL3 along the short ferri te rod (sec Figure 6)until resonance is found. then seal U to the

hookup wire. with the ends twi sted lightlytogether. as shown in Figure 60.

T he above a ssembly is p ro tected andmounted. as shown in Figure 7A. in a 16"length of 7/8" o.d. Pv 'C pipe used in plumb­ing. mounted and held in place on a robu st"Tv-shape wood frame and held to the mainchassis with wood screws. Three 1/4" diam­eter wire exit holes are drilled in the tubing.one at the center and the others 4" apart asshown in Figure 7C. The rodIwinding as­se mbly is inserted into the tubing and thecoil wire ends pulled through the 1/4M holes.The rod ends are supported by coils of 2"­wide thin coi led card. inserted into the endsof the tube around the rod e nds. The •.,...support. shown in Figure 78. is made o f drytimber. varnished. with two plastic tubingwall clips screwed on either end (shown inFigure 78).

The plug-in sensing antenna rod is a stan­dard 20" te lescopic whip. The end is so l­dered to a 1/4" plastic-s leeved jack plug ccn­rer connection. A correspond ing jack socketis fined to the main chass is (see Figures 4Aand Figure 5). The distance from this socketto the center of the ferrite rod assembly wascalculated by experime nt and is 6, 1/4" (seeFigures 48 and 4A).

The whole underc hassis asse mbly a ndwiring is shown in Figure 5.

20 73 Amateur Radio Today . September, 1994

board can be fitted underchassis.With sharp nulling and a figure-eight po­

lar diagram, it is possi ble that a station onthe 180 degree reciprocal bearing cou ld in­te rfere with the wanted sta tion. If thi s oc­CUTS, the sensing switch can be switched onto change the polar diagram to the cardioidpattern (Figure 28 ), with a large sing le for­ward lobe, and the null now at the back .Wit h e 2l 3 tuned to resonance and the tele­scopic whip I T long, the phasing resi sto rshoul d bc adjusted so that s ig nals from

<>y.2

1,,,,,,,,,,,Wood

Wn

the sensing rOO and ferri te are equal in am­pli tude. In prac tice, the cardioid null is notas pronounced as that shown in Figu re 2A,but the forward lobe is larger. So, in prac­tice, with a flick of the switch it is po ss ibleto c hange f ro m one polar d iag ram to theother.

Introductio n o f the sensing rod also en­ables the user to find the di rectiona l beari ngof a s tat io n, assuming a simple turntable isplaced u nder the uni t. 11 will a lso indica tethe bearing of persistent QRN. Ii3

Parts ListDe.criptionFernIe I'lXl$. 7-1/2" tong II 1/2" diame1er, type A6H I50-750 (Available fromAmidon ASSOOa'll$ Inc., 2216 East GIadwicX Slreet. OOi lliolique Hills CA 90220 USA2-gang 500 + 500 pF variable capacilor wiItl knob2-gang 4 10. 182 pF variable cecececr or singfe-gang 400 pF(suchas 500 pF w~h series capacitor) insulaled coupler shaft and knob10k ohm carbon tradt variable resISTor wilh knob1·1I2"-long . 318"~er terr~a rod (cut IlOfne Be receiYer·type rod)1· 112" • 11.."o.d. paxolin or plaslic lubingAlOOlinum chassis with bottom plala. 8" • 6" • 2·112"2O"-Iong lelascoplc antenna wtlip1/" " (6 1TVTl) mono Jad< plug w~h plastic (nol metal) sleeve

1''''mono jack sod<etMn Qt«>FF IoggIe 5WitdlOlassis rnotroling coaxial socket plus 36" maxm..n RGSS teedline wilhsu~able plugs16" length 01718' o.d. UPVC plumbing piping w~h two standoff wan clips1·314" x 3/4", one piece 6" long and one piece 718'Iong1-3/..' .3/4" .318' hardwood22 gauge enamel copper 'oIII'ire lor l3PVC 100.1rrm connection wire O.9mm overall o.d.1or L1l ' ·wio;le masking Cape: cyanual;r)'late dle$ive ($uperglue or similar):nul S, cons . washers and roundhead brass wood screws

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73 Amateur Radio Today . September, 1994 21

Number 6 011 your Feedback eard

Low-Cost Transmission LinesWhat you don't know can cost you.

by Frank Kamp K5DKZ

A t first alancc. this tit le seems to containa conflict o f terms. Transmission lines

are the more significan t part of the cost inmost simple antenna sy stems. We all like theconvenience o f using coax, even if it is notrhe most e co no mic al solution. A fter a ll,what else is there '? Ope n-wire line and twinlead require an antenna tuner. That at leastgives us a choice , but the expense is stil lthere , eit her in the cost of coax or the pur­chase of an antenna tuner. Bargai n-styl ecoax is not it good solution. II is usually ei­ther of very questionab le q uality and haspoor shield ing, or ir 's embriulcd with age.

For medium and high power use, RG8 oreq uival ent is the rnosrlogical choice in coax.It's heavy en ough to hand le the power. It 'sa lso heavy e nough to require so me preuySIOUI wire and supports if used in a Oat ­topped d ipol e in stallation with no centersupport. Then. if you want 10 add a ba lun atthe antenna feed po int, you compound theweight problem.

Twin lead is the most obvious soluuon. Itcan be matched 10 a short length o f coaxthrough a 4: I balun for easy routing 10 theshack. That hel ps the situation so mewhat.bUI what if our antenna docs not ma tch 300ohms and we don' t want to use a balun atthe ele vated feed point? We could alwaysconstruct the dipole from twin lead, givingus ou r im pedance match and broadband per­rorrnancc at thc same time. Thai sonnion al·100 h:1 10 it s drawbacks. Twin lead docs notweather 310 we!l as s imple wire and coax .T he cheaper. receiving ty pe o f twin leadmay not handle the full legal power limi t

T he variations and perm utations of th isdeci sion-making process seem endless be­cause there are so many variables involved.What we really need here is some magic do­everything transmission li ne that can pro­vide more options 10 deal with these va ri­ab les. Chief among these options would be aline made from inexpensive materials rhurc an be u se d without wo rry re g ard in gimpedance match to the antenna. Such a de­vice docs exist : it can be mad e fro m inex­pensive materials. or from almost any typeof wire or cab le. You cou ld even use thail.()()().. foo l roll o f la mp cord that was suc han irresistible bargai n two years ago.

An electr ica l half-wave section of trans­mission line has the unique property of mir­roring i mpedance from on e end to the other.Fo r a ll pract ica l purpo ses . the electricalproperties seen at one end arc the same as atthe other end. The reaction o f most peoplewhen they are first introduced to th is well ­known fact is "50 what?" The conventional

22 73 Amateur Radio Today · September, 1994

use of transmissio n lines takes advantage ofthe fact that such a line has a characteristicsurge im pedance for ( Illy physical length. Allthat is needed is termination in that charac­terist ic impedan ce at both ends. Howe ver.the m irroring ability of a half-wave tran s­mission line becomes infinite ly more usefulwhen we re alize that it has not hing to dowith the su rge impedance of the line. Thi smeans that we can use vi rtua lly any t woconducto r lines available 10 physically bringthe electrical equivalent of the antenna feedpoi nl down to gro und level where we canmore e ffecti ve ly de al wi th our matc hingproblem.

The ProcedureThe key here is 10 ensure that the nonce­

script line is equal 10 a multiple of electricalhalf waves in length. The dow nside is thatthis trick will only work on exact multiplesof a fundamen tal frequency. A line cut for3.5 MHz will also wo rk on 7.0 M Hz, 14.0MH/. . and 28.0 MH z. A line cut for 3.9 ~l Hz

will .....o rk best on 7.8 MHz, 15.6 !\.t Hz. and31.2 ~tHz. As you can see. multiband opera­tion usin g th is concept is somewhat limitedunless we use an anten na tuner. The otherproblem is determining what physical lengthof cable corresponds to an e lectrical halfwave at yo ur chosen frequency.

T he electrical half-wa ve le ngth of anytransmission line wi ll alll"(I.\"$ be physicallyshon er than the length calculated from thefo rm ula : ha lf-w avelen gt h in feel = 4 68/frequency, in MH z. The ra tio between itsshon er physical length and the length fro mthe fo rmula is known as the ve locity factorof the line. veloci ty factors for various pop­ular transm ission lines can be found in TheARRL Handbook. You won't lind lamp cordlisted there.

You can calculate the velocity factor o fany line w ilh nothing more than your stationeq uip ment using the fo llo wing procedure(use a fre quency in the 10 mete r band toavoid wasting any more o f you r valuablelamp cord than nece ssary ): From the formu­la above . calculate the hal f wavelength infeet for the frequency yo u are using . Cut asection o f lamp cord to this length. Con nectthe ou tput of you r transmitter 10 a du mmyload using :I short length o f coax in se rieswith your SW R meier. Tune up on frequen ­cy using as litt le power as possi ble. Not eand record the SWR into the dummy load­it should be very close 10 I to I. If it isn't .check your hook up and verify tha t you rdummy load is indeed 50 to 75 ohms. Nowreplace the short len gth of coax with your

lamp cord transmission line (Figure I ). Donot readj ust your trans miucr except for driveto the final. i f needed. App ly power lind tnkean SWR rcading-il will probably be higherthan I to I . Trim a few inches o ff the lampcord section and try again. Conti nue this un­til you gel the lo we st poss ib le S WR-itshou ld he close 10 .....hal you experiencedwith rnc dummy load connected through thecoax. Measure the fina l length of the lampcord and divide il by its orig inal length. Theresult will be less th an one and will representthe ve loci ty factor o r you r line cord. Nowyou can use that va lue 10 calculate the physi­cal length of lamp cord required to give anelectrical half wavelength on any frequency.

Qualil1catlons

You might be tempted to do this test at 2met ers if you ha ve the equ ipme nt. Thaiwould waste even less cable, bUI it may alsogive you bogu s in forma tion thai will nOIscale down 10 HF frequencies. The formulawe used is only good for frequen cies up 1030 !'.t Hz.

Of course. you are not restricted 10 usinglamp cord. Almost any line having two con­ducto rs will wo rk , us long as its physicalmakeup is un iform throughout its length. Forins tan ce . using alte rnate secuons o f tw inlead and lam p cord where each section isless than an electrical half wavelength mightnOI be a good idea. The surge impedance ofthe line is nor a factor. but I don' t think thatallo ws it 10 be a variable through its electri­cal hal f .....aveleugth. You could even use atwisted pa ir. as long as the pitch o f the twistis unifo rm throughout its length. We al soneed 10 exerci se a lill ie common sense here.You can' t bury a section of lamp cord in Iheground like yo u would coax. A twisted pairmade fro m #24 enameled wire might workfo r a receiving application. bUI I wouldn' tuse it for tra nsmit ting.

An othe r e xamp le app licatio n o f thisprinci ple is m y recent e xpe rience with adual dipole phased array for -Kl meters. Thisis an active array: each leg of each d ipol erecei ve s po wer. So me sort of ba lan cedfee d wa s requ ired . bUI I wanted to useshie lded cable to redu ce no ise pickup on thevertical sections o f the transmission lines.I ended up using four el ectrical half-wavesections of surplus RG6 2 coax. IWO sectionspe r di pole. T he center conductors of the coaxwere connected to the dipole legs. The shieldof the coax was tied together at both e ndso f the transmission lin e an d gro u nded atthe phasing network located in a box belowthe array. iii

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73 Reviewby Bill Clarke IVA4BLC

The HOFIAntenna SwitchQuality at every turn.

Number 7 on your Feedback CiJI'CI

Electronic Switch Co., Inc.4343 ShalJowford Road, Suite E-6

Marietta GA 30062Telephone: (404) 518-4634

Price Class: HOFI 605-$94.95;lightning surge prcrecior-csterts at $59.

I ike most hams, I switch fromLone antenna to another on aregular bas is. Generall y, my an­tenna selec tions are made forband-change reasons; however, Ialso use switching as a means ofcomparing one antenna to anoth­er.

Over the past 25 years I havegone through quite a few antennaswitches . Some were made ofcast white meta l , wh ile otherswere wafers in project boxes. Afew were of fair quality and lastedfor several years. However, mostjust couldn't stand up to the con­stant use.

Among the failures, I found thaithe contacts would wear thin orthe shafts became loose in theirhousings. All the switches had ac ommon th read : poo r physicalconstruction. Unfortunately, th eywere all expensive.

I am a believer in paying forqua li ty. II the price is high, thequality should be equally as high.T he general app earance 01 theproduct should reek of quality, theoperation shOuld be smooth , andthe product should last indefinitely.

HOFI RF Switches

The HOFI manual coax anten­na switch, called a "ttcscba," isconstructed of a luminum andstainless steel. It is round, with alarge knob, and has connectionsfor five antennas. This one reeksof quality.

T h e switching ac tion of thehoscha is smooth and very posi ­tive , yet requires little ellort. As itis a new product to me, I don'tknow if it will last indefinitely; how­ever, after disassembly and exam­ination, I think it will be around fora long time with no failures . In oth-er words, the MTBF (mean time between fail­ure) will be measured in large increments ofyears.

HOFI switches are built in G ermany, acountry famous for its engineering prowess.The company produces a number of different

24 73 Amateur Radio Today- September, 1994

Photo A. The HOFI Mode/ 60S antenna switch.

Photo B. The HOFf lightning surge protector.

switch configu rations, including remotely-con­troll ed antenna switches. This review coversonly the manual version.

Co nst ruction

T h e manual series 01 HO FI antenna

switches Is available with UHF orN connectors-straight from theswitch or at right angles (a yet-to­be-released model wi ll have theconnectors exiting directly fromthe rear plate of the switch):

Model 605: UHF connectorsModel 2005: N connectorsModel 606: UHF right-angle

connectorsModel 2006: N right-angle

connectorsThe outer shell of the switch is

formed by an aluminum drum witha flat fear cover and a spun/raisedfront cover con taini ng the switch­ing shaft. The shell th ickness isnearly 3/16'. The knob is over 2"in diameter. The six SO-239s arefaste ned to the d rum with ma­chine screws. The rear plate isd rilled and tapped fo r mountingpurposes.

Th e inner worki ngs of theswitch consist of self-cleani ngdouble-knife type contacts. Thistype of construction pro v ide slong-te rm consistent operation ,even at high-power operations. Apositive detent provides lockingaction.

Operation

The switch tested, Model 605,was usecl to select between fivea nten na, g round , an d d umm yload combinations. At no timewere any problems rctec. howev­er, it is fair to say that it could takeyears for problems to appear.

I should note that the switchleaves un set e c ted a ntennasopen, rathe r than switching toground . Some manufacturers doswitch all unselected antennas 10ground. When switched topo siti o n · 0,- no antenna is se ­lected and a ll l ine s are open .

I view this as a -nDn1'roblem" in that a directl ig htning st rike w l1l dest roy any type ofswitch. lightning protection cannol be sane­factorUy accomplished by merely switching toground (or grounding an antenna through aswitch) .

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AugaVAJcosw'Id I ' ~PE206NMiniature [)POT, puslVon pushIoI! swok:h.Splashprool ().Iing on shoulcle< and insidemovable shalt p:n:.oW:Ies moisture sealRated 6 amps 0 125 Vac REO D.••llIamete< cap, D.25- lkame1.... Ihreadedbust1ng. D.8" betlincl panel de¢1. Solde<lug tenninal$. UL and CSA IIsled.

25.0. CAT . MPB·20

$ each I 2S tor $53.75 (52.15 e ach)

IMINIATURE TOGGLE IS.P.D.T. (ON-ON)Righ•....-.gIe. pc mount.O.2!!>- lIveaded bus/wIgRated 5~ 0 125 Vac.

CAT MTS-4RT

10 lor $7.00 - 100 for $65.00

FAST SERVICE - DISCOUNT PRICES

MINIATURE .D.P.D.T.PUSH/ON PUSH/OFF

r\..'\..'1~" HiIJI'l quaJlty. lIexibIII. doth

~ cxwe<oo red and bIlId< ktst leadsVIIth telecom industry standard 5

way mu~ljlOII11leSI dips on one endand apaOa lugs on lhe Olhe. end, 5 ways 10 ceo ­oecI d ips t) U·shaped no&e lot ClC tenniflll ls ; 2)NoIched jaw lor goitlPoog 1IC.8WS, WIres 01' lenni·nal$; 3) Seotated 1eelh lor lIYeadIld 01' -e '*""P181.......1&: . ) CIus'~ of smell "esites lor ..... tilIjjsmell gauge WIres; 5) LafQ8 poe.caog r>eedIe lotpiflrdng lerl1'" witM. • teellong . At one end oI 1tle

00Id it a 1500 ohm msislOt 350lh;d can be ....i..., ...., in and $ - -OUI of ciIa.oI . CAT' TL-200 per set

liton . rn aatc . 8MMIdeal lot ey<H:atchong indicIItors anetd1~A receOl quantl!y purchase ot these BIG, Bmmd1amel..... red dIlIused LEOs -'lies us to~

""'"" ""'l' lI(l86al ptICII'lQ 100The leads on Ihese _icu.I 5 for $ ­I'IaV9 been tnmmed to D.32!!>·.lea~it'ljj p1ef1ly ot room lot CAT ' LED-23soldering . Notmally these 100 IOf $ l S 00palls ""OUkl sel lot •more 1haIl1WlO8 our pOC:e 1000 tor $120.00

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Availability

HOFI antenna switches and surge pro­tectors are available from Electronic SwitchCo., Inc., at the address above, and throughmany well-stocked a mateur radio su pplystores. iii

able for powe r ranges from 500 watts to 7 kW.Note that the surge protector is not includ·

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Specifications

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Lightn ing Protectio n

Included with the revew unit HOFI antennaswitch was a sman (about f " square) lightningsurge protector with an 50-239 mounted oneecn end. On one side is a removable metalplug that allows replacement of the gas-dis­charge tube, and on another is a lug lor con­nection of the case to DC ground. The basicheavy-duty construction is similar to the an­tenna switctl. The su rge protectors are avail-

CIRCLE 1&4 ON READER S ERVICE CARD

73 ReviewNumber 8 on your Feedback card

by Peter J. Bertini KIZJH

Computer Automation Technology4631 N.W. 31st Avenue. Su ite 142

Fort lauderdale Fl 33309Telephone ; (305) 976-6171

Price Class: CAT 1000--$679;CAT 30G-$299;

CAT 300 Deluxe--$399.

Comput er AutomationTechnology's CAT 1000 andCAT 300 Repeater ControllersAn outstanding value in a crowded marketplace.

When my radio club, the MI. Tom Ama­leur Repeater Assn . Inc., decided 10

upgrade our repeaters to newer controllers, Iembarked on a search for the best value andbest controller for our needs. I made severalinquiries via packet BBSs throughout theUSA, seeking comments from other repeatergroups, and was surprised at the favorablecomments and fierce loyalty of the CAT con­troller owners, a controller which had previ­ously escaped my notice.

A Different B reed of CAT

What makes the CAT controller stand outfrom others in a saturated and highly com­petitive market? Many things . First, price:The CAT 1000 is the mosl powerful controllerin any price class. Its design is a year old,and thus it uses the latest in technology. Wehave found the people behind the CAT prod­ucts to be extremely attentive to our needsand p roblems. Software upgrades, whichsimply require that you swap out an EPROMchip on the controller with the latest revision,are periodically released- usually withoutCharge to CAT owners.

I had the opportunity to beta test a CAT300, and this review will cover that controlleras well. But, since the CAT 300 is a scaledversion of the CAT 1000, I will deal with theCAT 1000 first , and then briefly cover the dif·terences between the CAT 300 and CAT1000 controllers. It would be almost impossi­ble to cover in great detail what these con­trollers can do, so this review will be limitedto a brie f synopsis of their main features.

Control Channels

The main control functions of the CAT1000 are broken down into eight zones witheight control Channels in each zone, for a to­tal of 64 offlon commands. The zones breakdown the commands into logical groups ofei ght commands each , dealing with au­iocatcn. repeater, etc. , control.

26 73 Amateur Radio Today . September, 1994

Voice Messages

A 40-position voice message table permitsstotage of synthesized voice messages con­structed from the 475 word and sound effectvocabulary. Time variable selections are alsooffered. Up to 31 'words" from the vccebu­lary list may be stored in each table location.The digitized voice vocabulary uses the tat­est Texas Instruments voice set, and soundsnoticeably better than the first generation TIversion used by many other makes of con­trollers. Digital Voice Recorder (DVR) trackselections may be used in the voice mesosage coding, permitting voice tracks to be in­te rmixed with the synthesi zed messages.More on the optional OVR unit later. Includedin the 475-word vocabulary table are alsocodes for courtesy tones, OTMF tones, the16 OVR tracks, CW IDs. and control of theeight user input and outputs provided on theCAT 1000.

The Scheduler Is Inc luded

A 50-position scheduler is Included. Thescheduler may be set to control various re­peater functions at preset hours, days andmonths, and may be preprogrammed for spe­cial events a year in advance. Besides beingable to controllhe zone channels, the sched­uler can fire selected voice messages, OVRtracks, macro commands (more on these lat­er), paging tone groups made up from Mo­torola two-tone sequential pag ing tones, andDTMF tones groups from respective eo-post­tion tables.

Software pointers enable the programmerto select whether scheduled events (includ­ing macro or memory file loads, etc.) occurbased on repeater usage. For example, youmay elect to have a scheduled houny-butlengthy-club bulletin skipped over if thescheduler command is set up to do so whenthe repeater is in use. On the other hand, ascheduled ' must go!· net announcement,macro or memory file swap maybe pro-

grammed to occur regardless of whether therepeater is in use.

Macro Commands link Operations

The macro commands allow several oper­ations to be combined tcgelt1er. Each of lt1e40 table positions is given a cconor number(up to seven digits) that can be initiated ei­ther from the repeater or control receiver in­put via OTMF commands, or the macro maybe initiated by the scheduler to perform a se­ries of tasks at certain times, or by the ecnonof one of the eight user inputs. Up 10 10macros may be included in a macro string,including the abili ty to cascade macros bycalling another macro set as the last com­mand.

Contro l Security

The CAT 1000 employs two DTMF de­coders. Control may be done via lt1e repeaterinput, but one decoder is used only for con­trol co mmands entered via either the UHFcontrol receiver or telephone. Telephone con­trol takes priority over the UHF control inputAll of the user functions, and control operatorpasswo rds, macro control codes, autopatchcodes, etc.. are easily changed and may beset up to seven digits in length.

A control operator password is needed toChange or to re ad back the status of thechannels in any 01 the eight zones. An unlockcode is needed to "enter- the control ler to domore involved programming. such as chang­ing passwords, patch codes, or programmingthe macro, scheduler, autopatch , voice mes­sage, OVA or other tables.

Control operators can access the CAT viatelephone, the repeater input, or through aUHF receiver link lor DTMF programming. A300 baud onboard modem allows accessingthe controller through your home computerlor single-line command edits. Using the co­tiooal editor program ($39), the complete set01 eight OOS files can be edited at home and

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Photo A. The CAT 1000 repeater controller board.

•

uploaded (or downloaded from) 10 the CAT1000. Modem access is password-protected.An on-site 4800 baud AS232 jack is provid­ed. All CAT 1000 RAM memory is stored in anonvolatile Dallas t ime and 64k memoryChip.

c conot operators, besides having the abil·ity 10 easily edit the scheduler, macro andother tables, can also check the contents orstatus of any 01 th e tables, t imers, l onechannels, auto dialer numbers, etc. in a VOo

cauzed format!

Memory Files

An extremely powerful abili ty of the CAT1000 is the ability to recall any of eight pre­programmed memory files into active memo­ry. The memory file loaded into active memo­ry can be easily ehanged and restored in its

28 73 Amateur Radio Today - September, 1994

new configuration , Memory files maybe re­caned by repeater users, if so permitted to doso, or via scheduler or macro commandstrings. New memory files can be createdfrom scratch in active memory, and thenstored to the appropriate memory file. Eachmemory file can give the repealer an entirelynew cerscoants-c-eacn memory file containsa un ique se tup tor the 64 control channels,1B repealer timer values, and the 25 controlcodes governing the autopatch, control oper­ator codes, speed and emergency telephonedialers. The "loading" of a memory file 10 ac­tive memory is completely transparent to therepeater users when it occurs.

Cou rtesy Tones

Courtesy tones are made up of from oneto three sequential tones. The frequency, du-

ra tion a nd spacin g of the tones a re s e­lectable, and you may store the values for 10di fferent courtesy tones in a special table.Each of the 10 table positions is assigned avalue in the 475 'word" vocabu lary listing.The link or remote base COR has ilS ownunique courtesy tone.

IDs

Two CW IDs are included. One will auto ­matically execute if someone attempts to talkover one of the synthesized voice 10 mes­sages. The CW IDs may be sel ected as theprimary IDs if so desired. Six different voiceIDs may be preset and stored in voice mes­sage tables one through six. OVR tracks maybe used as voice IDs in any 01 the six voicemessage slots allocated k>r these positions.

The Autopatch

The autopatch may be run open, or closedand protected with up 10 a seven-digit accesscode. A zc-pcsmon phone number lockoutlable is provided. and with the • wildcard al llour- and tnree-crqrt numbers ( _ )may be locked out. Another zc-posmon areacode lockout table is provided, and aga in the.. wild card may be used to expand the lock­out fea tures. For instance, entering 9... inthis Iable would lock out all area codes be­ginning with the digit nine . The autopatch willvocalize the phon e number entered in amanual autopatch operation, unless the fea­ture is disabled.

Up to 10 emergency speed-dial numbersmay be stored. and up to 300 membershipphone n um b e rs mayb e stored in th reegroups of memory. Each memory dialing po­sition also can be used to store and vocalizewhat is being autodialed; lor example. thecontroller would say -autopetcn. K1ZJH" ifthat in formation was stored along w ilh myphone number in memory. Each of the threegroups 01100 sets of telephone memory. andaccess to the emergency speed dial. can beprotected by unique access codes. Reverseautopatch is available, last number redial andDTMF regenerated dialing or pulse dialing isalso available.

User Inputs and Outputs

The CAT 1000 has eight inputs and out­puts. T he inpu ts lo ok for a positive-goingtransition, and may be prog rammed to exe­cute macros. voice messages, lile joecs. us­er outputs, or other controller actions whenactivated. The input signal leve ls ate TIL,CMOS or supply voltage compatible. Eightopen collector outputs are provided to controlon -site equipment.

Other Featu res

DTMF muting , DTMF windows . DTMFpad test, time 01 day request and grand­lathe r clock, and OTMF paging regenerationa re o ther features 01 the CAT 1000 . Therepeater may be put into either/or DTM F orCTCSS a cc e ss , with a programmabl ewindow for open access once eithe r is de­tected. The ARAL LiTZ emergency alert issupported.

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• Change bonds in a second.Just plug in ~ired module!

The OVA

The digital voice recorder has 16 soft-par­titioned channels with up to two minutes oftotal recording time and is an option. Serialcard #2 must be installed on the CAT 1000lor the OVA option. The serial card costsS59, the Ming OVA unit is S99, and the inter­connect ing cable is $20. Serial card 2 willsupply eight additional user outputs.

Other Options

C31, Inc. makes accessories that supportthe CAT controllers. One is an audio delayboard (Model ADB, $94.95) that will delaythe incoming receiver audio up to 150 mS.This will mask the first blip 01a DTM F tone,and also eliminates the repeater squelch tailnoise burst Another C31 product is their APMboard, an audio processor which sells for$43 .25. The APM board allows the repeateropera tor to ta ilor the repeater audio re­sponse by either enhancing or reducing thehigh and low frequency passbands. C31alsop rovides optional enclo sures fo r the CAT1000. These ilems are available factory­direct.

Aemote Base Operation and linking

The CAT 1000 will fully support mUltipleradio VHF/ U H F remote bases or linksthrough a Doug Hall inte rlace. Link serial tun­ing is available through serial card #1 when

installed. Forty preset link frequencies canbe stored in memory. Frequencies may bestored in BCD format. The CAT 1000 is alsoan HF remote base controller, and will direct­ly interlace to and provide full control overeither the Kenwood T8440 Of Yaesu 767GXHF transceivers.

CAT 1000 Manual

The CAT 1000 manual is complete , al­though the beginning user will most likely belost trying to figure out all the features of hisnew controller. The problem is that the CAT1000 is so powerlul it is impossible to lullylearn it without playing with it for a few weeksand learning as you go. There are usuallyseveral ways one can program the controllerto do various tasks, due to the programmingpower ollered by the scheduler and macrocommands. Programming examples given inthe manual are complete, but in my opinion atraining section is badly needed to help oneget started . However, should problems orquestions arise , the facto ry telephone sup­port is without equal.

Interfacing the CAT controllers to an exist­ing repeater is a simple and painless task.All external connections to the outside worldare done through as-om connectors, whichinclude internal EMI fillering . Compleletu rnkey repeater systems incorporating theCAT controllers are available from Maggiore

Electronics Labs (see the sidebar).

CAT 300 vs. CAT 1000

Th e biggest difference be tween th emodels is the ability to support links, cross­band repeaters or remote base operation.The CAT 300 does not support these fea­tures; for a budget-minded club not needingthem, it is a top-notch choice. The base priceof the CAT 300 controller is $299. With theoptional clock and scheduler the CAT 300Deluxe costs an additional $99. There is nomodem, RS232 jack, or DTMF or pagingtones available in the CAT 300. But, the CAT300 does include a full-featured autopatchwith 100 speed dial and five emergency diallocations. Iii

Per ipheral CAT Support Products:

C31 , Inc.406 North Pin StreetAlexandria VA 22314(703) 684-1382

Turn key Repeater Systems Using theCAT Controllers:

Maggiore Electronic Labs600 Westtown Road WestChester PA 19382(215) 436·6051

•

Sell your product in 73 Amateur Radio Today. Call Dan Harper today at }-800-274-7373.

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73 Reviewby Michael Jay Geier KB IUM

Number 9 on your Feedback card

The Yaesu FT·llRM iniature HT

Tiny gets terrific.

For several years now,ham walkies have been

evolving slowly, each new ra­dio just a little smaller and alittle more sophisticated thanthe last model. Suddenly, allkinds of very small rigs haveappeared, heralding a newgeneration. Evolut ion hasgiven way to revolution, andthe new FT-11 R is a remark­able example of the trend.

Basics

like most 01 the offer­ings from the Big Three ,this radio does everything

under the sun. In addition

32 73 Amateur Radio TOday · September, 1994

to the now-standard autodialer memories.generous memory capacity (150 01 them!),cress encode (decode is optional) and digi.tal paging features, this diminutive pocketfulincorporates a few new goodies: alphanumar­ic labels lor each memory, message paging,and knobless vo lume and squelch adjust­ment.

With the supplied 4.8-voJt battery, poweroutput is 1.5 watts, which is less than youusually get with full-sized HTs but in line withmany other m in iatu re r igs. It shou ld beenough for most repeater operations. But, ifyou need more power, higher-voltage better­res will get you all the way up to 5 watts out,which occurs at 9.6 volts DC input. And, youcan get an AA·cell holder, so you'll never beout of power in a pinch. Naturally, the rig willget bigger with a larger pad< hanging out thebottom. Although the radio is rated up to 12volts, that really means 12 volts in this case,not 13.8 to 15 as is commonly found with carpower. Consequently, there is no direct DCinput jack ; a special adapter is requi red to runthis radio from your car's electrical system oran external supply. The adapter is pretty slid<,though--it's a cradle which includes an 11·volt regulator and a cooling fan. Most of to­day's HTs will put out 5 walls, but they'll getso hot you can 't hold them. The fan shouldkeep this one a lot cooler. By the way, most ofthe new mini -rigs are limited on how high aninput voltage they can accept, and few cantake direct car power. Uke this HT, they usepower FEr transmit final amp modules, whichare very effident at low -.oItages but just can'ttcrerate the higher voltages.

This baby is small! At about 4" x 2·1 /4" x1", the whole thing filS inlo the palm of yourhand. Many of the small radios increase theirtotal inte rn al volume by being somewhatthick. Not this one; its one Inch Is about theslimmest depth I've ever seen on any HT.

The front of the rig has a falriy large dis­play, a BUSYITX LED, an t e-ecttcn keypad,and two more bullons for controlling the vol·urna and squelch. All 20 of the buttons arelarge and have good tactile feedback, andthey're all bad<lit by green LEOs, along withthe display. Also, there's a lever which lets

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you lock the rig's controls to prevent acciden­tal operation. On the Side are the usual rub­berized pn lamp and monitor bullons. Thepower on/off button is electronic and is locat­ed there, too. On top are the antenna co-nee­tor, the mike and earphone jeces. and the dialknob. That knob is the only one on the entirerig!

The antenna is exactly the same length asthe radio, which is convenient for stuffing thewhole works into a lillie calculator ca se orsomething simila r. The duck is very stiff,though. But It works fine.

The included 6OO-mAh nid<el-cad pack fitsvery secure ly on the baec 01the radio, whichis a stark contrast to some of the other newminl- riqs wi th "nes tinq't- at yle batt eri es .There's no way you could accidentally causethis one to fall off. In fact, even de liberatelypUlling it off requires some effort.

The Goodies

The most impressive new feature is thememory capacity, In normal, numeric readoutmode, you get 150 memories, which is greatbecause this radio makes a dandy VHF scan­ner, too. Actually, as delivered it only coversthe 2 meter ham band. But, with a Simple se­ries of button presses, which are described inthe manual, coverage increases quite a bit to110·180 MHz receive, with an AM detectorautomatically engaged below 136 MHz foreasy listening to the aircraft band. Transmit isstill limited to 144·148 MHz, though. Natural­ly, MARSICAP mods are available tor permitholders.

You can also choose alphanumeric mode,which lets you label each memory with a six­character name. In this mode, memory ca­pacity is reduced to 75, but who really needsmore than that on a single-band HT? The al­pha mode is great if you live near rots of reopeeters or travel a Iol No longer do you needto remember that 145.470 is downtown and146.850 is west. Just call Ihem DWNTWNand WEST!

Along with the now-common but rarely­used DTM F squelch, this radio offers mes­sage paging. In this mode, you can send andreceive up to 10 sets of stx-character mes-

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sages. You can also store up to 10 of thesefor future transmission. The last 10 receivedare stored for your tater perusal. There's nomention of whether or not another message­paging-capable rig is required to send youmessages. II not, that would let you be pagedby anyone with a DTM F pad. Either way,though, this scheme, like all DTMF schemes,has very little usefulness in the U.S. becausemost repeaters won't pass OTMF tones; theydeliberately block them to prevent jammerslrom decoding eutccetcn codes.

Wh ere the alphanumeric system reallyshines, though, is in its application to the au­todialer. Yep, each autootar memory can benamed. This is seriously hancly. Many timesI've entered phone numbers into my rig, onlyto forg et later whose th ey were. Thatwon 't happen with the FT-11 R. After all ,who can forget names like wMom; ~e"and wJim"?

In addition to all the memories, thereare two VFOs, A and B, and every mem-ory can be tuned like a VFO. The memo-ry management scheme is essentially thesame as on all the Yaesu HTs since theFT-411, and it's perhaps the simplest, best­developed system in the indust ry. Unlessyou've never used any HT befor e, it won'ttake you very long to master the major fea­tures of this radio.

I was initially th rown that such a full -fea­tu red rig didn't incl ude automatic repeatershift. Then I discovered that it is there, butyou must turn it on. Unlike most HTs whichoffer it, this one's default settings leave it off.It's no big deal , though ; you just turn it ononce and lorget it.

Who Needs Knobs?

What happened to the volume and squelchknobs? On this radio, both functions are con­trolled by two buttons on the front panel.Pressed alone, they turn the volume up anddown. II you press the function button first.they adjust the squelch. On the display, a littlevertical bar graph shows the currenrsettnq. Itseemed odd at first, 'but I soon found I reallyliked this idea. There's no way the settingscan get disturbed while the rig rides along inyour pocket, purse or briefcase, and the bargraph makes it easy to see the setting. If you

prefer, though, you can set the dial knob toduplicate the functions of the volume/squelchup and down buttons. But once you do that,you can't use it to tune the rig or select mem­ories anymore; you must use the up/downtuning buttons (which are not the same as thevolume/squelch up/down buttons).

On The Air

The receiver is very sensitive and particu­larly selective. There's no mistaking whenyou're 5 kHz off, because the audio gets sodistorted you can 't stand to listen to it. Thatsuggests that the IF filtering is extra-sharp.Also, a glance at the schematic reveals af ro nl end with several stages of vol tage­tracked tuning, which should really help re-

"... for a 'drop in thepocket and go' handheld,

this is the best one I've seenyet! It's a real winner . . ."

duce intermod, at least as tar as a tiny radiowith no large front-end litters can. The re­ceive audio is fairly good as long as you keepthe volume down. Included in the box was alittle slip 01 paper noting that the audio willdistort if played at high volume levels. In truth,it distorts even at moderate levels. The intelli­gibility is still good, but I've heard other radiosin this size class which sounded significantlybetter.

The transmit audio, though, is wonderful. Infact , it's even noticeably better than the al­ready-good audio on my bigger HT. Thera'sno obvious microphone hole, so I was WQ(riedat first, thanks to a previous experience withanother rig which used a hidden mike. Butthis one works like a charm, however they'regetting the sound to the mike element.

The Documentation

The radio comes with a full schematic, andthe manual is very well written. I would pointout, however, that th e section on CTeSSmakes it sound as though the optional FTS­26 tone module is required for any CTCSSoperation. ln fact, encode, which is the most

useful part, is standard; only decode requiresthe module. A plasticized-paper "cheatsheer booklet is provided, and it's quite de­tailed. In keeping with the size of the radio it­self, the booklet is very small , so you will besure to put it in your wallet or purse.

What I Liked

There's a lot to like in this little gem. It's re­ally small, it works well and it's easy to use.The alphanumeric memory and autodial sys­tems are very handy. The rig is quite solid,despite its comfortably light weight The dis­play is large and shows lots of information, in­cluding the linal zero on the frequency. Evenwith the alpha mode engaged, the memorycapacity is more than generous, and th ere

are two sets of subband limits providedfor versatile scanning.

The battery is charged by snapping itinto a little stand, which then plugs Intothe wall charger. Cleverly, this stand letsyou insert the battery with or without Itsbeing attached to the radio. So, unlikewith many mini-rigs, you can use this ra­dio with another battery while the first is

charging. To me, that's essential.

What I Didn't Like

The few nit-picks I have on this radio arepretty minor. The receive audio could be Im­proved. Also, the viewing ang le of the LCD isunusually sharp, requiring you 10 look Iromabove the radio. Especially at night with thelamps on, you can't see the display from be­low, and it looks washed out even whenviewed straight on. Finally, the lamps don'tstay on just because you keep pushing oct­tons; they go out afte r about five secondsanyway. You can , however, lock them on,which is great for base or mobile operationwith an external power supply.

Conclusion

If you want a really small HT, check thisthing out. If I were contemplating using oneradio for base, mobile and HT operations, I'dprobably select something bigger with directDC input. But, lor a "drop in the pocket andgo" handheld, this is the best one I've seenyet! rrs a real winner, and I'm not looking for­ward to sending it back. iii

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. OM'" 'ot._ ,_...."..." 'vlC<>OoOOi .....02A•.:>"OOI.-',••• .

_T.',AT"nA """. .......--- -'-----c •

IQWIL?Z-MlttI·- -- -- ---4

Number 10 on~ Feedbadl card

The Challenge of1750 Meters

No license required.by David Curry WD4PLl/6

1750 meters is a hobby. jus t like amateurradio. In fact . it is much like old-time

amateur radio: it se parates the mcn from theboys! In the early days of radio. hams builttheir own equ ipment, and most operators didnot even have licenses. 1750 meters is stilltrue to that theme: "No license required, on­ly skill desi red."

Unfo rtunately. 1750 meters is a no isy.someti mes crowded, band filled with carri­ers a nd mod ulations . We ll, g uess what ?Many of those carriers and modulat ions arcEuropean long-wave broadcast stat ions DX­ing over the Atlantic. and perhaps that codeyou hear in the backgrou nd is actua lly aLowfer send ing his JD beacon. FCC ruleslimit transmitting antenna length 10 50 feetand DC input to the PA to I wan. Even withthese restric tio ns, surpris ing d istances viaground-wave propagation occur regu larly.Using a com mon noise blanker, audio filter,or even a phase-canceling device, an ope ra­tor can clean up the band of light dimmersand power line noise that o ften can be dis­couraging. Si mple recei ving an tennas suchas an active whip or loop placed in a cleararea and using a " virgin" ground (a se parate,

isolated ground that carries no power-linenoise ) can provide unimpeded reception.

Consideri ng that communications tec h­nology has become so advanced, there is noreason why you ca n' t e njoy the fun andchallenge of 1750 meters just because themajor ham manufacturers didn' t incl ude it intheir rig s. Build you r own radio , perhapswith a friend , and get on the air: it's thatsimple. You will find that you have more totalk about than the weather, and you' ll sharein the amazement of how a I watt signal cantravel hundreds of miles under good cordi­lions. Many hams can use thei r preexistingven ical ham antenna for 1750 meter ope ra­tion using a loading coil at the base of theantenna. Most 160 meter antennas are idealfor work on 1750 meters.

1750 meters was o rig inally set aside bythe FCC as a frequency range for garage­door openers back in the early ' 60's, but astime passed, experimenters (ma ny of themhams) found surpris ing success despite FCClimitat ions. These "experimente rs" are reoferred to as "Lowfers," and are on vin uallyany day of the week. I can hear two or threeof the m o n my TS-430S , loud and clear,

from as far away as San Diego, 150+ milesaway from my Burbank, Cali fornia, QTH. InHawaii, using a portable loop antenna, Shel­don Remington received Lowfcr beacons Z2and later H2. both located in Cali fornia. ove r3,000 miles away! 5SB. AMTOR, RlTY,and packet have all bee n used successfully.

Design

Described here is a simple " introd uctory"CW two-way radio for 1750 meters. Anten­na dimensions for 1750 meters can be foundin 73 Maga::.ille, Septe mber 1991, in " Dual­Band Vertical" (for 160 and 1750 meters ),page 38. Also of interest is "Noise ReductionUsing Broadband Acti ve Whip Antennas,"73 Mogazine, October 1992, page 38.

Please note Figures I and 2. T he fron t-endpreselector uses a tunable two-pole Chevy­cbev bandpass filter to reduce unwan ted sig­nals, such as G WEN (G round Wave Emer­gengy Network) . The d irect conversion reoceiver is an uncomplicated design using theNE602 chi p. T he NE602 Colpitts YFO pro­vides the frequency reference for the trans­mitter sectio n. The YFO can be Pt.Lcon­tro lled externally, faci litating CCW (Ccher-

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S ER I ESU . L . L IMITER

.. ..- • • ... -_. .........- N___ .. ......, ...... . '- ' MII ...... ..- c_ ,_

' " ...S P E A KE R ~~l:i:_y .n....

AMPLI F IER _ . .. . M

~~AUDIOF ILTER

••

Figure I . Block diagram.

36 73 Amateur Radio Today · September, 1994

To order, send check or money order for $49.95 +S8 .50 for shipping, along with your shipping addressand telephone number to:

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THE HAM CONTACTP.O. Box 3624, Dept. 73Long Beach, CA 90803.

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The POWER STATION provides 12V from a cigarette plug and has tworecessed terminals for hardwlnnq. A mini-phone jack with regulated 3V.6V, or 9V output can be used separately for CD players, Walkmans, etc,THE POWER STATION can be charged in an automobile in only 3 hours,or in the home in 8 hours. The charger will automatically shut off when thebattery is completely charged, so you can charge it even when it has onlybeen slightly discharged, (unlike Ni-Cads that have memory). Our charg­ing circuit uses voltage sensing circuitry, other brands are timed chargerswhich always charge the battery a full CYCle, this damages their batteryand shortens its' life if it only needs a partial charge. The POWER STATIONhas a voltmeter that shows the exact state of charge of the battery, notworthless idiot lights that tell you " YOUR BATTERY IS NOW DEAD." Thevoltmeter can even be used to measure voltages of other sources.

f'CHF_,• •• oOnPot.1"" CUO, ..._ ..... _ ._.. '-_"""_I'C__.'- ....dl.<l-. an FSK_"'"",_olgrW~_,_..-. , _~•.",,".",........... W,"" yOU" PC _ sse _ genr.g fAA It. _ . _ .... juOI """"" '" ""' ..........

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73 Amateur Radio r oasy» September, 1994 37

KR

Ul " ..e,~'cs " -1't--, '" .. .. e....~.. " ..

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Figll" 2. Schematic.

ern Continuous Wave) operation.Noise is always a problem al these fre­

quencies so two noise limiters are includedto provid e very effective limiting of high­amp litude man-made noise and static . Ashunt limiter fo llowed by a series limiter isused in this design. and this is superio r tomost designs found in commercia l and mili­tary recei vers . Audio filtering is included ,with variable frequency and bandwidth con­trol for precise filtering o f the desired signal.

Ample audio out put drives headphonesand most speakers. Thi s rig is capable ofproviding over 100 dB o f gain with virtuallyno power supply hum. The transmitter sec­tion samples the V FO using a simple logiccircuit. controlling Ihe duty cycle and thekeying of the amplified signal. The signalthen drives a c lass E power output stage.This cla..s o f service is a \'ery efficient 96%.Many thank s go to Mark Mallory for his ex­cellent research into efficient class-E ampli-

38 73 Amateur Radio Today. September. 1994

fiers and for sharing his informat ion.The transrniuer sect ion lends itself as an

excellent beacon transmincr. Simply applythe beacon message 10 the code key input forreliable beacon transmission. As you proba­bly know. pu rchasing component s the sedays can be expensive: this was a major con­cern d uring the design of this project . Allparts are "off the shelf:' with the orderingpan number given.

Be wa re : Simple "one-t ra ns isto r"transcei ver designs just do not work on 1750meters. Don't be fooled!

Construction

Please note the component layout (Figure3) . You will notice that severa l componentleads are solde red directly 10 the componentside of the circuit board. This provides theground connection for these compone nts .When th is occurs. be sure 10 so lder the com­ponent lead 10 the ground plane am' on the

so lder side. No te that capacitors are d isc­shaped. while etectrolytics are round andhave the pol arity marked . T ransistors aredesignated by the half-moon shape. or roundwit h a key. le s are rectangular. with the "U"mark at the end.

I recommend so ldering the ICs first. No­tice that some pins must be so ldered on thecomponent side.

NCXI. so lder transformers Tl, n, and T3.Dab some solder on the side of the trans­forme r and ground plane to e nsu re a goodground.

Install all the capacitors. followed by thevariables CI and C IO, C I and C IO shouldbe installed so that the side with five leadsgoes through the circuit board. Pull the leadsfirmly and bend at a 45-deg ree angle to holdwhi le so lderi ng. Note the smal l horizontallead sticking out on the side of Cl and ClO.Solder a wire from that lead through the holein the circuit board under it.

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73 Amateur Radio Today · September, 1994 39

Why take chances?Why take chalices with all imitation

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are permanently silk screene d on a realaluminum f ront panel and back panel >­it's not merely a plastic decal or glued-onpaper stri p that can peel off.

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You can tune any transceiver,transmitter or receiver with lip to 300walls of RF power from1.8 to 30 ~lHz .

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shows you S WR. forward and reflectedpower simuhuneouslv. It reads both peakand average poweron 3(X}or 30 wall ranges.

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dipoles. verticals, inverted vees. randomwires. beams. mobile whips. shortwavereceiving antenn as . . . nearly anythi ng!

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SuperAntenna SwitchMr-J ',, x pll ~ i l i oll l'l/l " ' ,. .uucnn u switc h

b)

-. .-

•.,

• / . ~• ••• • • •

c)

Figurr 3. Double-sided PC board: taiparts placement diagram, (b) top foil pattern, and (c) bottomfoii pattern.

73 Amateur Radio Today · September, 1994 41

z = 1.2638 xV2P

1(2 x pi x 1.2915 x f2) x L

c:Tank capacitanceV: vec supply 'oOltageP: OulpuVinput power

e.

T4 Inductance & Turn Ratio Formulas

Figure 4. Face plate templates: (a J/mlll. and (bJ rear. reduced 50%,

-~ e37 e38 vee T4aIb T4e/d Form, werr X NIA 12 VDC 93 Turns 1/30 Ga. 49 Turns 124 Ga. T·68·3

3.5 watt" NlA X "VOC 49 Tums 1124 Ga. 48 Turns '24 Ga. T-ee-3

10 watts X X 18VDC 33 Turns 1/20 Ga. 37 Tums 120 Ga. T-130-3

NlA: Not used.• Heal sink recommended.

•• Heal Sink required.

L; Tanll inductancez: PA load resetaoceF: Opera ting freQuency

L = .2085 X V2P,F

RE e E r VE - - _._.__.. ~ _..._.. ,.. _..- .- _.-• • •• • •

T / WANTE~ a)

KEY PHONE S._. a.:. ._ P WR_. .....- --...-'.-

• • • • •• •

ON'l_ fREQ~I'CT

Ji.~' ! l Tt~

5l:U C' r llE oo.E "':;'

• o;£<>!l ' 'll '(QP OJ: !;(L!ClU'l Ll ~lTl~ ~!O '~

•

• • • • • •~. ~'"_.~

m . M. e" TRANSC[ I V[ R • • ~ •b)

·

Formulas for Calculating Efficient PA Design

T4 Winding Data

Transforme r T4 must be wound by hand.Wind the turns evenly and finn ly. After youare finished winding, cui the wires so thaiabout I " remains from the toroid to the endof each wire . Remo ve the enamel insulationfrom the I " ends with sandpaper. The side­bar has allthe winding in formation you willnee d . Notice th a t t he ho le s fo r T 4 aremarked "a & b" for the primary. and "c & d"for the secondary, They crisscross on the ci r­cuit board. Usc an o hmmete r to make surethe wires don' t get mixed up and the sec­ondary wind doe sn' t accidentally go into theprimary holes !

Now so lder the re maining com ponents.Resistors installed horizontally are indicatedby a re cta ng le sh a pe , while ve n ic a ll y ­mounted resi stors are a small square . Anyvertical resistor with a lead go ing to theground plane should use the longer lead asthe ground lead . You may decide to "go allthe way" and install your tran sceiver in abox or chassis. The LMB box listed in theoptional compone nt list is a good choice. IIprovides extra roo m for a speaker. meter. orantenna swi tch. The meter is both a luxuryitem and a necessity. To make a nicer linishfor the front of the chassis. templates for thefron t and rear face plates are prov ided inFigure 4. Go to a photocopy store and copythe m to a transparency. Be care fu l not toscratch the black from the transparency.

Apply a thin film o f clear epoxy glue overthe front of the box . Size up the tran sparen­cy so the top of the box on the transparencyis even with the top of the chassi s. Be sureyou can read the transparency before press­ing the transparency to the adhesive. Afterthe epox y has cured fo r a few hours. cutaway the excess tran sparency around thebox with a sharp knife . Tap and drill eachhole to a size a lill ie larger than each controlsha n to give so me play. Repeat the sameprocedure for the rear chassis face plate. Use4-1 /2 " aluminum spacers between the bot­tom o f the ci rcuit board and the floor of thechassis. and four 4/40 nuts and bolt s to sc­cure the board.

T-68-3: Number 01turns .. 100 x ~( l ndUClance in uH/195)

kHz. If no frequency counter is a vai lable.use a long-wave rece iver, general coveragereceiver. or ham radio that can accuratelytune 10 190 kHz. Place a small piece of wirefro m Ihe receiver ante nna inpu t near UI.Tune the receiver for a center frequency o f189 kHL Listen for a tone while turning theslug of T3 . Slowly turn the slug unti l youhear a zero beat on the receiver. Next. alignthe preselector. T1 and TI must be tuned tot he same frequency. If you have a signal

T·130-3: Number 01tums = 100 x ~(lnductance in uHfJ50)To match the Impedance at the drain 0103 10 a 50 ohm impedance. you will need to know the turns ra­tion (Tr):

Tr:~(ZdfZ l )Zd: Drain resistance Zl : load reseaoce (usually 50 Ohms)These Iormulas are included 10 help solve any pertcuter malching requirement. The above table can beused to malch most requirements.The Ir9QUency value for -p can work for lrequenc:ies +1- 10 kHZ.

' P- PLL or phase control of VFO. Sectionnormally not used.

oVCC-1 2· 18 volt". fi ltered DC or batteryto the terminal.

Connect 12 volts of power to vce points.A f requency counte r or receiver covering150 kHz to 250 kHz will be requ ired.

Connect the freq uency counter 10 point" D:' Tum the transceiver ON. Tum the tun­ing: capacitorC IO max imum clockwise. Tumthe slug in T3 until the frequency reads 189

Calibration

Connect the antenna. power supply, etc. tothese points:' A- 50 ohm transmit antenna port.oB- Cod e key port. Transmit is initiatedwhen point B is grounded.

oC-Both points marked "C" are connectedto 8-32 ohm speakers or headphones.

oCO~1M-Common terminal for auxiliaryrelay.

-Dc-Prequcncy monitor pon. CMOS levelsquare wave output connects to frequencycounter and/or PLL input.~ND---Con nect power supply negative orground to this point.

oJP I-Receive input select. Short JPl a&b touse antenna at port " A" for receive. RE­CEIVE ONLY antennas connect to JPl b.

~N/C-Nllfmally closed terminal for auxil­iary relay control.

oNlo-Normally open terminal for auxiliaryrelay control.

42 73 Amateur Radio Today. September, 1994

Passbandmonitoring

SignaliclentificafiotJ

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A drilled and etched PC board Is available for $22 piuS 53 S & H: and this pro ject is available in a com­plete kit lor see plus S3 S & H Irom: Curry Communications. 737 N. Fairview SI.. Burbank CA 9 1505:(818) 846~17 . Brochures are available : send SASE.

ind icated is the input current 10 the PA. Iwatt of input power is 83 rnA at 12 volts. or83 millivolts on the VOM or VTYM . Alsoremember to measure the PA voltage at the-;•• meter point stnce there is a slight vo ltaged rop across R37 whe n calcul ating in putpower. iii

cold end of the loading coil 10 the secondaryof T4 is fine.

A I mA meter may be used to monito rthe PA current. Ho we ver. meters can beexpensive: you can usc a VOM or VTVMinstead. Connect this to the me ter "-" and,,+•• points on the circuit board. The voltage

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IMEMouser: 32RM503IMEMouser: 32RM302

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l oroid translormerNE602 mixerfampLQW+fIOise op arT1)

Quad oo ampAudio PWR amp+9 VOC regulatorQuad coeoeretcr

0.1 IlF ceramic disc cap0.0027 F polystyrene capoceeOPOl relay2N2222A NPN transistor2N2907A PNP transistorPower MQSFET3.3k ohm 114W

100k ohm 1I4W Melal1%4.02k ohm 1/4W 1% metal10k dual audio laper pot12 ohm 1I4W33k ohm 114W

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10 }IFfSO vee elec. cap1 ~F monolithic cap0.01 }IF disc cap400 pF tuning cap0.018}1F poly cap2200 }lF116 vee electro cap0.01 }IF polystyrene cap7.5 pF NPO disc cap

0.022 IlF poly cap0.00471lF poly cap

Parts List

Description470 pF poly cap0.047IlF 111m cap0.001 }IF polystyrene cap

Part 'C1.C5C11C13,C23

C15,C17.C24 ,C30,C35 ,C36

C18.C25,C31.C39.C27C19 ,C33C2,C10C20 ,C21

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C29,C32,C34ca,C9.C37

01 ,02.03.04,0 5.,Q1,04Q203Rl .R4.R20Al 0,R11 ,R15R12.R14

R13R19.R22R2R23,A32,A33 ,R34

R25R3,R7.R21 .R29,

R35 ,R3B

ROOR31 ,R39R36R37R5.R16R6.R27.A28

R8R9.R17,R18.R24,R265 1T1.l2.T37.UlU2U3U4U5U6

Operaucn

The Volume control will limi t the ampl i­tude of all signals past a certain point. Thiscan be used to increase the gai n o f a desiredsignal that is buried in man-made noise. cut­ting off the peaks o f the noise while leavingthe signal unaffected. The series limi ter canbe used to lower the volume when the vol­ume/shunt lim iter control is used for ex­tre me limiting. You will find that the vol­ume/shunt lim iter is better at red ucing high­level man-made noise. while the series lim­iter is better for redu cing static and occa­sional high-impulse noise. The audio filte rfrequency and bandwidt h arc adj usted forthe desired amount of littering.

An important featu re is the input Prese­lector control. The prcsetcctor fi lter is verysharp. a llowing on ly a small slice of (heband to be received. If. fo r e xample. thebeacon yo u wa nt to hear is o n 180 kHz .tune the Frequency control for a frequencyo f either 179 kHz or 181 kHz. The beaconmessage will be heard at a I kHz tone: 180kHl- 179 kHz = I kHz. or 181 kHz· 180 kHz= I kHz. The preselector must be tuned tothe desired signal at 180 kHz for maximumpickup. Choosing whether the upper or low­er VFO freq uency is best depends on whichprovides the clearest reception. An exampleo f (w().way operation could be you trans­mitt ing o n 182 kHz with the presclecrorpeaked 10 your friend's frequency o f 182 .4kll z. Your friend' s preserector would bepeaked to your frequency of 182 kHz. Asyou can see . tu ning the presclecror aboveand below your center frequency provides a10( of Flexibility.

T ransmin in g a beacon is very use fu lwhi le you're not on the air. It is especiallyhelpful to other stations that want to know ifthey can hear you or nOI. and helps with an­ten na te st ing and band condi t ions . Thetransmitter is easy to use. Simply connectyo ur beacon ID or code key or PK-232 CWto the key input. Adjust your lime-delay p0­

tcmicmcter <R30) for the desired time delay.The PA drive control (R36) can he set formaximum VCe. The transm itter was de ­sig ned fo r link o r tap coupling . using 50ohm coax from the transceiver to the anten­na loading coil. Direc t connection from the

generator. place a low-level (approximately100 J.1 V) signal of 175 kHI to the input atJPl b. On the transceiver. tum the Preselec­tor and the Filter Frequency controls to thet z-o'ctock position. Rotate the se ries lim­iter and the filter bandw idth controls to fullcounterclockwise.

Tune the Frequency control for 176 kHz.Turn the slugs on T I and T2 for maxi­

mum volume. decreasing the signal genera­tor output as (he tone becomes louder. If nosignal generator is available. connect the an­tenna to JPl b and listen for any carriers byadj usting the Frequ ency dia l and volumecontrol s. Tum the Preselector capacitor tothe same setting as Ihe Frequency capacitor.Tum the slugs in TI and T2 for maximumsignal strength.

44 73 Amateur Radio Today · September. 1994

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to achieve low distortion and high durability . Rated output is 10to 150 watts on all bands including 6 meters.

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4 MULTIPLE ANTENNA SELECTION. Three antenna connec­tions are user selectable from front panel. Antenna se lection canbe stored in memory.

5 GENERAL COVERAGE RECEIVER - 100 kHz·3D MHz, plus 48­54 MHz receiver. Electronically tuned front-end filtering , quad­FET mixer and quadruple conversion system (triple conversionfor FM) results in excellent dynamic range (>1ClOdB)and 3rd orderICP of +2OdBm.

6 IF BANDWIDTH FLEXIBILITY . Standard 2.4 kHz filter can benarrowed continuously to 800 Hz with variable Bandwidth Control(BWC). Narrow SSB and CW filters for 2nd and 3rd IF optional.

7 DRM SUPPRESSION . Other interference rejection featuresinclude Passband Shift (PBS), dual noise blanker, 3-step RF atten ­uation. IF notch filter, selectable AGC and all-mode squelch.

8 NOTCH TRACKING· Once tuned, the IF notch mter will track theoffending heterodyne C:= 10 Khz) if the VFO frequency is changed.

9 DDS PHASE LOCK LOOP SYSTEM . A single-crystal DirectDigital Synthesis system is utilized for very low phase noise .

10 CW FEATURES · Full break-in operation, variable CW pilch. builtin electronic keyer up to 60 wpm.

11 DUAL VFOs. Two separate VFOs for split-frequency operation.Memory registers store most recent VFO frequency, mode, band­width and other important parameters for each band ,

12 200 MEMORIES · Memory capacity of 200 channels , each ofwhich store frequency, mode, AGC and bandwidth.

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Amateur Radio Via Satellites

Photo B. AMSAT VP of OpeI3/1ons. Keith Pugh WSIU demonstl3tes tl3c1<ing son­ware in /tie AMSAT booth af the oonventOO.

Field Day 1994

For many years the ARRL has 01­Iered a 1QG.poinI borus 10 participamgFIekl Day slatiOnS lor making one satel­lite contact during the event. This yearwas no di l ferenl bul due to lhe largel'lJmber 01 active hamsats some groupstts<xNerEld thallhe satel~es can ofIef asignificant nuntler 01 contacts and Ihusenhance their overall score, The eeter-

lor many years and has promoted thesatellile program at many ham raotcconvenlions in the Southwest. SeveralAM$AT area ooordinatOfS attended theconvention and helped with the AMSATbooth and talkS.

The North Texas Section 01the WestGUll Division 01 lhe ARRL worked inCOt1unction with \tie Dallas Counly RE­ACT organization to put W1AW15 on !heair from the convention center. The RE·ACT group had their mobile communi­catcos center at !he Site. complete withsatelilfe rigs and antennas provided byOon Gwynne K~I . This was the sec­ond time W1 AW has been to the Arling­ton HamCom. The first was In 1989 for!he League's 751h Aoniversary Celebra­tion in 1989.

Photo A AMSAT VP lor Strategic PIa~

ning. Keith Baker KBfSF. discussedkey facets of the Phase 3D satelliteprogram al the ARRL National Con­ventiOn in Arlington. reeas.

project, the largest and most versatileamateur-radio satelli te ever.

AMSAT PresenUi lions

Whether the event Is a local clubmeeting or the ARRL National Conven­tion. AMSAT has a message to send 10the amateul-radio community. Work onPhase 30 is ptogreSSing rapidly. Thissatellile represents the largest, mostcomplex and versatile hamsat \0 date. Amajnx 01 computer-eontrolled receiversand transmittels covering ham bandsfrom HF through ee mierowaves will beattached to scud-state amouuers andhigh-gain spacecraft antennas. The re­sult is 10 be a satenite alleasl 10 limeSmore powerful than ee popular AMSAT­OSCAR· 13, and with many more bandsin use from space. The program is inter­national. proceeding well, bUt is slill inneed olfurlher funding.

several AMSAT volunleers came 10the ARRL convention in ear ly June topresent the case lor Phase 30. AMSATPreSident Bill Tynan W3XQ could befound at the AMSAT boolh or irI ee AM­

SAT forums on Saturday and Sunday.He talked 10 the standing· roo m-onlycrowd about AMSAT's participation in\he Phase 3D pro;ect and !he future ofee Ofg8nization.

Keith Baker KB 1SF. AMSAT VP 01Sl rategic Planning, described projectdelailS and how an the pieces fit Iogeltrer. Phase 30 eees not represent theurst lime an in terna tionally-supportedhamsat has been bui lt, but doe s em­body the largest joint project with sever­al new groups partqlating. Keith is alisoknown lor his worII on How to Use thsAmaleur Radio Salelliles. Now in usIourth edition. this AMSAT publicationprovides vital data and operating inlor­mation on al curreot amateur seieetee.II also contains inlofmal ion on Phase30, other Mure satellites, and a glos·sary 01 terms associated wilh hamsats.The booklet is available from AMSAT at(301) 589-6062. 01" you can Wf~e 10 850Sligo Avenue, Suite 600. Silver SpringMD 20910.

Keith Pugh WSIU. AMSAT VP of co­eraucne. spent a good deal of timedemonsllaling AMSAT satellife lrackingsoftware and answering questions. Keithhas been a volunteer AMSAT supporter

Number 11 on your Feedback card

club talks, coovenlions and operating

.....s.AMSAT (The Radio Amateur Salellrte

CorporatiOn) was prominent althe Day­ton Hamvenlion in ApOI and the ARRL(American Radio Relay League) 1994Na\ionlll ConventiOn in June at the Ar­lington Convention center in Nor thTexas. Field Day provided many hamsan opportunity 10 try salelkles from re­mote locations. Parti~tion was veryhigh this year. Mosl salelli te transpon­ders were packed 'or the event. Bringingil all together is the AMSAT asm An­niversary Annual Meeling and SpaceSymposium lhis OCtober. The gatheringpromises to have a record attendanceas work progresses with the Phase 3D

HAMSATS

Andy MacAJ~5terWA5Z1B14714 Knights Way DriveHouston TX 77083·564()

Interest in the amateur-radio satelliteprogram has inereased I3pidIy in recentyears. Today we have analog satelli tetransponders lor CW, SSB and FM, anddigital satellites funning 1200 and 9600bps (bits per second) AX.25 packel.~'f>ment manulactlJrers are designingand selling more radios conceivedspecilicall)l lor satemte operallon. Cur­rent articles and books have surtacedto help eoewsests gel on \tie air. Newso f the amateur satellite programshas been broughl directly to currentand futu re sa tellite chasers through

AMSAT1---v\f,," 'llolM<>g--­

se 3D -l h. Sawn,. forAmAno.....

Photo C. With the sman model 01 Phase 3D ill the badfground. Keith BerglundWB5ZDP and Randy McKinney NSSVW answer questiOns at the AMSAT booth.

46 73 Amateur Radio Today · September. 1994

Photo D. Checking out the salel/ile anfennas at the ARRL convention with BobNSLCO.

•

-•

, . ......~-:-_..L---\(~.; ", ,

\ \,

.. ..;

Photo E. W 1AW15 was Q'l the hamsals from the convetltiotl site /flanks /0 K5EVtana the Dallas County REACT learn.

Photo F. Bob N5LCO working A-D-13 from tile central Te.l:as FJeld Day OTH 01K5ERP (Effective Radiated Power).

lite station is "free." It oces not add tothe transmitter class lOla!.

AMSAT suppol'lefs have build FoeldDay 10 be an opportunity to promote thisexpanding facet of the hobby. Sening upa sate llite stalion in the field is not assrnple as putting an HF statiorl on theair, but it's getting easier an the lime. Tomake a few contacts via the RussianRS-l 0 satellite. only a 2 meier transmit­ter capable of CW (some FM rigs dofine ) and an omnidirectional antennaare needed for lhe upl ink, wh ile anySSB 10 meter rig can nsten for thedownlink.

The single-channel FM sereunes .AMSAT-Q5CAA's 21 and 27, were avail­able, but (tue 10 the lar90 I1Jmber of sta­tions trying to make contact , it was im­possible to make very many per pass onthese low-orbit satellites. High-powerand directional antennas wefe a reces-

Sity. The oongestion was almosl comicalat limes and points out the aUoiantage cAthe ~near transpondets thai allow manystations to utilize the seieme simu ~ane­

ous ly within a passband of rreqcerce s.A-Q-13, in its hig~lipbcal 0IbIt, was

heard and worl<e<l by many durng FieldDay. For others, though , the veteransate\lile s-o-to. .....as prelerred. A·o-10,while uncontrollable due 10 the failure otthe co-ccere computer many years ago,was in a good position and in great ece­dItion lor early Sunday motning. Signalswere excenent !rom bolh, and contactswore easy lor the well-equipped.

AM5AT sponsored ne own form ofField Day. The rules were a bit dlnere",from those of the ARRL. Each eateaeerepresented a separate band, and spe­cial rules eccneo lor messages sent viathe digital birds. The wirw'ler Of the 1994AMSAT Fiek! Day competition will re-

celve a specia l pla que at the AMSATGeneral Meeting in October. This ceo­test wiD continue in 1995 wiltl amendedrules to enhance ef1(l(ts via the digitalsatellites and provide added incentives!or operation via d,t/efent modes on thesame satellite. SOme groups may findmUltIple satel lite stations necessary toCOYer all the options next year.

11'le AMSAT Meet ing

Mark your calendars lor the AMSAT25th AnniVersary Anoual Meeting andSpace Symposium. The even t startsFriday October 7 and continues thrw ghSunday October 9. The site this year isthe Holiday 1M at the Orlando, Florida,International Airport. It is acaceor tothe Phase 3D Spacecrail IntegralionFacility.

This is your chance to hear all aboutthe Phase 3D project and actually see

the progress on Ihe flight hardware .Many papers will be presenled at thesymposium on Friday and Salurday.Topics to be covered include all phasesof amateur salellile operations,

Very reasonable rales have been co­tained at !he Holiday Inn; tor singles ordcNJlles the ecst is $58. Can (407J 851­6400 to make reservations. Be sure 10mention the AMSAT rates. To registerlor the symposium or 10 get lurthef infor·mation. caDAM$AT at (301) 589-6062.

The Orlando area has much kl oller,including NASA's C9pe canaveral Visi­

lor'S Center and the Disney W(l(1d com­p lex . If you have been ac tive on thesatel lites, this event is an opportunity tomeet with many of the !olks you havecoorectec. II is also a great occasion 10

ask questions of the AMSAT Board ofDirectors and f ind out where we areheaded. See you in Orlando! 1m

Pholo G. The salellilo rig collection al lhe K5ERP Field Day eeo.

Photo H. Older Cushcraff OSCAR antennas and some antique ro'ors providedreasonable results for the K5ERP portable operaliotJ.

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___ ' e-o 00 _

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was more or less out-of-date in todaysRT TY environment. No t so-as anumber 01 your readers have pointed<>ot"

Well . BlI1. it's great hearing tromyou, and even more wonderful the waythe readers or this column chipped inand lent a hand. To you: iI's our plea­sure; to ou r re ad ers: my since rethankl.

As I mentioned above , the ' RTTYl oop' software collection continues togrow. with six disks available by thelime tl'is is published. Each collectionis over 12 Mb of stuff: ham informa­t ion. terminal programs, schematics.and the like. A list of the directories ofeach disk is available on the RsdioSIG on Delphi, or may be yours lor aseu- acd reeeeo. stamped enve lopemailed to me at the above address.Email users on CompuServe. AmerlcaOnl ine, or Internet can get ire list aswell by sending me a messa9B on oneo f these services . The collectionsthemselves can be yours for nof toomuch trouble. Just send me sufficientmedia for each couecton a (3.5· HO1.44 Mb disk is line. 52 in US funds~each disk to be filled . and a sell-ad­dressed , stamped return disk mailer)and I 'll turn It around to you posthaste.

Now. those Email addresses are:CompuServe-75036.2501; Delphi­MarcWA3AJR; America Qnllne--Mar­cWA3AJR; Internet-MarcWA3AJAOaol.com.

Next monlh , I have a batch ol let ­ters to answer. That means that the INbox will be empty. Why not send in acomment or question of your own, fora fulure slot in "RnY Loop"? iii

~O~U,t:~ L'A .. L'TIIL"rrjATlO~ALCALL DUU:CTOIlY

OI'Ut .4 M fW ON CALL SfGNS

supported mode.This said . I think anyone who is

running a compatible computer withthe hardware and software require­ments outlined above 'M)Uld be happywith this package. 11 you want to 'rybefore you buy; check out the end orthis COlumn jor oetaus on hoW to orderdisk . 5 ollhe RTTY Col\eclion, whichhas PacketPeT Ute, the sharewareversion ol PacketPet. on II. Otherwise,drop a note to ChUck Harnngtoo sen­ware, roc.. 1565 BrazUian Lane, WiolerPaI1l.. Florida 32792·2309, and lei himyou want a copy of PacketPe1; as de­scribed in th is month'S "RTTY Loop.'I'm sure he will be happy to send youcurrent priclng and availability lntcrma­000.

I received a leller from BiRShinvninW7G BC 01 Tacoma , Washingto n,WhKlh speaks well or you RTTY loop­ers. Bill recalls that -scneen e back, Iwrote to you rega rding a problem Iwas having in gelling started in RTTYusing a CP·1 and a C-64 computer.Your mention in the March 1994 Issueof 73 brought a number 01 responsesIrom yo ur readers. Of special helpwere : Gail KC8V: Frank WA6ABQ :Bart W60WP; Paul WA4FHY; andJohn KC 7BS. Your readers rea ll ycame through l

"I think my main problem was notrecognizing that diflerent mar.Jfad ur­e r's software require d ille renl pinconnections to the C-64. Your readerswere most helpful in this regard. Also,your April ar ti cle confirmed muchol INs inlormation as II applies to theCP-1.

' One other comment: I originallyhad the impression that the C P- 1

FIELD DA Y ANTENNAc:ompMao.~ Ill.-.

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The program Instatls with the ratherstandard W indoM Setup type routine.and creates its own Program Managergroup, With icons lor each '11avor" 01TNC. A supplied password is required.along with your call. lor the program torun. Once entered, th is Is retainedwithin the program, making this lormof copy protection livable. to say theleast.

The main screen diSplays a top rrNIof menu choices , including the stan­dard FILE and EDIT, along with morespecific PACKET, MOD ES , andCHANNELS. An integral text editor isavailable lor editing received or trans­milled text. The Iarve windOW at thelop Is the receive wtnocw. with asmaDer transmit windOw at the bottom.A CON NECTS window shows the cur­rent number of statiOns connected to.polling the TNC alter each •••con­nected and . .. ..disconnected mesosage to determine the correct status oleach channel.

As you can see, this is a powerfulprogram that tills the needs 01 manywho have been loo king lor the eestprogram to run that muttimooe con­troller. It should be menfiOned, though ,thai this is a pac*et program. Althoughyour controller may operate on othermodes. PacketPeT is strictly packet ra­dio terminal software. You will haYB touse another program to run your con­troller on straight ATTY. CW, or other

Amateur Radio Teletype

Several months ago, I mentionedone ol the programs on the l ilth c:Ilsk inthe "RTTY Loop' collection, Packet ­PeT Lite. this is a shareware version01 PacketPeT, a versatile multitaskingprogram for the radio amateur runningRnY on the PC.

A IoolI. al llle features 01 PacketPeTwiRgive you an idea of just what II cando. This Windows-based program wascompiled with the Borland style con­tro ts. giving consistency to windowsand cont rol functions. Several copies01 PacketPeT can be running at thesame lime. supporting several TNCs.if you have the ports available. It caneven run in the background. notilyingyou 01 inCOming traffIC.

This program will run with mosthardware TNCs. inCluding, among oth­ers, the "standard" TAPR TNC2, theAEA PK ·88 and PK·232 , and theKantronics KAt.! . It requires a PCcompatible with a 286 or better pro­cessor, at least 2 Mb ol RAM, at east2 Mb of space on the hard drive, aVGA display, Microsotl Windows a.x orOS/2 version z .x . and a ha rdwareTNC, such as the TAPR TNCs, AEAPK-232, or KantroniCS KAM. While notrequired. a mouse or trackball makesusing the program much easier.

Marc I. leal'8y, M.a, WA.1AJR6 Jenny LaneBatrlmore MD 21208

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73 Amateur RadiO Today ' September, 1994 49

CARR'S CORNER"'F......k ~"•

"An eclipse of the sun occurswhen the moon passes between

the earth and the sun,temporarily blotting out the sun,

or at least a part of it."

antenna. A 15 meter beam aimed in asoutherfy direetiCm (for North Ameri­can reade rs) win probahty do the trick,provided that us elevation main lobeIsn't too hor izon-restr icted . In anyevent, a simple 15 meter dipole winalso do the trick. Some observers usethree dipoles on the same teecnoe.cui fo r 13 . 15 and 17 me te r ha mbands. With Oll9r1apping coverage torthe frequencies between them. Thedipole should be run east to west , sothat n toces north·south.

A lot of Jovian signal hunters use avariant of the directional discontinu­ous ring rad iato r (DORA) antenna.That's the one in The ARRL AntennaBook that joocs a bit like a horlzon1alh ula hoop. with a section cut o utalong the rim. laid over (and about afoo t above ) a chicken wi re groundplane or "counterpoise" ground_ Al­though the signals ShOuld be sfrong(Jovian signals are second only to so­la r si gnals in strengt h) when theDORA antenna is ground·mounted .some Jovian hunters like to angle itup on a stand so that it fac es thesouthern sky in the vicin ity 01 whereJupiter rises.

l et me know if you capture anyJupi ter signals. I'd be interested inyour observations.

Antlers for Windows

A number 01 read ers have ob­tained the Antlers antenna calculatorsoftware from me over the pas t twoyears. The Windows ver sion is nowavaila ble ($ 30). This new ve rs ionmakes the same calculations. but us­es scroll bars to enter crncar parame­ters (such as operating frequency). IIalso expands the loop antennas' lunc­tion. A schematic 01 each antenna isviewed on the screen whenever a se­lection is made. II you are interested.contact me at P.O. Box 1099 . FallsChurch . VA 2204 1. iii

l ~ .! loU.

Sunrise Eclipse

, , ! •, ,

6 6 ro ra " te " eo eaMay 10. 1994 Time (UTe)

,,

Figurs t. The May 1994 solaredipse KWV SOtIfldng.

2

Sunset

o

the spectrum, where there is littlepossibility 01 local stations. the 2200starting time could be earlier on anyday whe re the maximum usable Ire­Quency (MUF) drops significantly be­low 18 MHz earlier than 2200 hours.

The signals 'rom Jupiter should beaUdible any time the planel is abovethe horizon, and "Iransmilling." Astro­nomical books and publications canusually give you that data. II you dornknow how to access it, then get intouch with a local astronomy club orstargazing buff.

Jupiter can rise pretty high In thesky. and that can sHed your eecce of

that the chances or hea ring Joviannoise rise trom one in six to some­thing a little more probable.

So what do you need to listen in onthe Big rena of the solar system?Not much, it turns eut. It would behancty to have a general cove rage re­ceiver that does a competent job overthe 1810 24 MHz range. Even a ham­band-only receiver should result inobservations much o f the lime. IIwould also be handy if the bandwidthof the receiver was relatively wide­say-what one might see on a recefv­er with "Wide AM" capability. Primelistening hours are 2200 to sunrise,loca! time. The idea is to get as manyinterfering Signals enme air as possi­ble. and that includes skip signals. In­eeee. on the non-amateur portions 01

evening before until alter the eclipse.showing clearly the expected behav­io r for the 5 MHz signal in the pres­ence 01 changing n-rayer ioni zationlevels. The signal strength 01 WWV (5MHz) rises from ·38 dB (relative 10 5­9 or 50 IIV), to something higher than5· 9 (which is the 0 dB level). The sig­

nal levels remain high throughout theday. and the n drilt back 10 daytimelevels within a couple of hours post­sunrise.

The eclipse was reccrcec at 1700UTe , with a 4-5 dB rise. Aga in, ilprobably would have been more if theeclipse had been toter. or il it hadlasted Iooge r; 10 quote Gan'on: "Theions aloft likely take some l ime to re­combine when the light levels drop.·Gordon's recording site was Kitchen·er, Ontario. The peak indication cc­curred al a lime wh en the ec lipseground track was about midway ee­tween Kilchener and Fort Collins (siteoIWWV).

Good worll., Gordon, and thanks torsharing the results with merest of us.

DXing Jupiter (One-Way)

The planet Jupiter. the largest inour solar system, is we ll-known as aradio source. Unl ike other astronomi·cal rad io sources, wh ich are mt ­crowave. the JoviarI radiO signats arefound between 5 and 40 MHz, with adistinct peak in activity between 18and 24 MHz . . . trequeoces that en­compass three amateur radiO eercs.

The sounds made by Jupiter are arising and fallin g -swooshing" SOund. . . my wile likened them to waves . . .in the white noise. t suspect that most13. 15 and 17 meter band operators

Out of this World OX

Joseph J. carr K41PVP.O. Box 1099Falls Church VA 22041

Several issues ago I covered the10 May 1994 solar eclipse, and rec­ommended some rad io observationtechniques tor '"looking" at the eclipsevia ham eeoc. An eclipse 01 lhe sunoccurs when the moon passes be­tween th e earth and the sun, tem­porarily blott ing o ut the sun, o r atleast a part 01 il. The degree of blot­ting out of the sun is a funct ion 01where one observes relative 10 the~gfOUnd lrad<." of the eclipse shadow.This year's eclipse was an "annular'"eclipse, meaning thai the moon didn·tlully blot out the solar disk. even in 10­lality. bu t ra ther lell a ri ng of light(hence the -arwlUla.r'" name).

People observing solar ecli pse stend 10 use lower frequencies be­cause the main ettects are seen atthose treqcenc es fhat are most ar­rectee by O·layer ionization. Anyonewho listens to 75/80 meters knowsthat D-Iayer absorption d uring day­light hou rs is quite high, b.Jl at night,as the ionization levels 0' the O-Iayerdecli ne, the eosorpncn gradually dis­appears and skip communications(via the iOnospflere) takes place. In­deed, DxeC has been awarded tor all75f80 meter band con tacts. And . ifyou're a denizen of the pre-dawn likeme. a distressing habit I pidIe(I up de­li veri ng a morning newspape r 35years ago. you'lI know that all kinds ofwonderful long-distance etcu is heardin the hours 'tween midnight and sun­rise.

When a solar eclipse occurs, ioo­iza tion levels in the O-Iayer begin tomell away. just like at night. and thelowe r freq uencies becom e slightlymore active. In an annular eclipse thereturn to night conditions seems a ladless than in a total eclipse. probablydue to the light that peeks around themoon during such an event

Several people wrote to me andShared results 01 their 10 May ceser­veuc ns. but Go rd o n HaywardVE3EOS s ent alo ng a co mpute rgraph 0' his data (see Figure 1). cor- have heard these signals and didn'tdon selected 5 MH z WWV in Fo rt know what they were. or simply ig-Collins. CO, lor his observations. His nored the m altogether. According toreceiver was a tube-lype World War II the literature. a person looking lor Jo-era ATR5, which he ren on lor several vtan radio signals has about a one inhours 01 stabilizing warm-up. Gordon six chance of hearing them.calibrated the a-meter 0' the receiver In the third week 0' July. a cometlor S-9 being equal to a 50 IJV signal thai has broken up Is scheduled tolevel. Data was collected using a com- impact Jupiter (which Should be pastputer data logger that recorded the S- when you read this column), and themeter readings every 10 seconds lor impact will proloundly attect the Jc-several hours (7,711 readings). vian atmosphere for weeks to come.

The graph in Figure 1 shows the Quite a spectacular display 01 radioreautts of Gordon Hayward 's coserva- activity is expected , and so meto ns. For comparison Gordon left the sources e xpect It to continue lo rinstrument record ing l rom sunset me weeks. Perhaps what this means is

50 73 Amateur Radio Today . September, 1994

••

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_ QRP

Michael Bryce WB8 VGE2225 Mayflower NWMassillon OH 44646

My grancllalher always told me fallis in the air when the wind blowsacross the wheal stubble. Since thewheal has been cui and the wind iswhipping up. ret the autum n nome­brewing season begin! I can'l lhink 01a better way 10 celebrate the end ofsummer than smoking a resistor ortwc on the perfooan::l. Since the sum­mertime QR N is fina lly slarling towind dow n, an 80 meter rece ive rwould be a grand project to start theseason.

Th e LCK-80

This project is a simple lillie super­het receiver based on the ever-popu­tar NE602 miller. The LCK.ao comesfrom the gang in the UK and is killedup and sold by Kanga. Bill Kelsey(3521 Spring Lake Drive, Findlay OH45840; telephone: 1-41 9-423-5643 ) isthe US distributor lor Kanga kil$. Theprce of the LCK-80 (both the receiverand transmitter boards and parts) is$70 plus Shipping.

Thanks in part to the newer gener­ation of integrated chips. suctl as ItleNE602 mixer and the MCl350 IF ern­plifier, building a superhet rece iver isnot much nore difficult than a directconversion receiver. Perhap s thebiggest stumbling block is the IF l illerand the BFO crystal. The lCK-80comes with a set of matched crystalsfor the IF filter and the crystal lor theBFO. You can change the operatingIrequency 01 the l CK-80 by using adifferent IF lrequency, but you'. needto order a different set of rocks if you

Number 14 on your Feedback eard

Low Power Operation

do. The required Inlormation is inClvd­ad in the lCK-80 instructiOnS_

Signal Flow of the lCK-80

There are two tunecl IiIlers signalsmust pass through eecre going to theNE602 miller. The Iron!. end will tunaonly on e section of the 80 me terband. After the desired signal passesthrough the tuned sections. the Sigllalis mil<9d in the NE602_The local OSCil­Lator Is also produced by the NE602chip. The operating I requency 01 thelocal cscuetor is 8 MHz. The local os­cillator is tuned by a 40 pF variableceoeotor. Operating frequency is setby Ihe translormer and capacitorsmaking up the tuned circuits. I foundme operating frequency was 100 low,and ran out 01 adjustment on T3. So, Ireduced the valoe 01 the cepecteecein the circuit , allowing T3 to ccee r thepropel" l requency range. Wiltl the localoscillator I\Jnning at 8 MHz, it's a bittouchy selling T3 for the proper fre­quency.

Alter the miller the signal travelsthough lour matched crystals. Thecrysta ls provide the selectiVity 01 thereceiver, which I find to be just aboutthe way I like to hear my CW-not re­al tight.

Aner the crystal filter, the signal isamplified by a dual-gate FET. This is adillerent route than that normally tak­en. Most deSigns use the MCl350 IFempuner, But, I've found this chip tobe a bit touctry. II can lalee elf on youJust by looking at it sideways. The FETprovides enough IF gain, whil e re­maining stable.

A second NE602 mixer is used asa product cetecior. The BFO crys talcan be nened by a board-mounted

trimmer ceoec nor. You can't select be­tween sidebands, unless you add asecond crystal and a switch.

AudiO lrom the product detector isrouted to the usual lM386 avdiO pow­er am plifie r. This Chi p p rov idesenough ba ng to drive a small PMspeaker.

On the PC board there is a VFObuffer so you can route Ihe VFO tothe malching transmitter, Also, uiethree major sections of the receivercan be muted oy removing the vce~ne . All TIA functiOOS are done on thematchiOg transmitter board, 1'1 have acloser look al the transmiller down theroan.

Assembly

Wiltl aU components mounted on asingle PC board, construction is fairtyst ra ig htfo rwa rd . Of course, thestrange UK parts slow down the pro­cess a bil but there were no hitches Inthe assembly of the receiver. Althoughthe Kanga kit comes with 8 trimmerpol lor use as the audio gain control,put it In the junk boll and use a panel­mounled pot. 'rolf. also need a 20 to50 pF varia/:lle eapaertor tor the localOSCillator. I happen to have on hand arather fancy dual reduction drive ca­pacitor that I pressed into service.Dan's Small Parts also handles somevernier drive variable capacitors thatwill work Quite wetl with this receiver,You'll also need a speaker and a boxto Install the PC board in. Ii's odd, butthere are no mounting holes in the PCboard. You can drill in some if youwish ; there seems to be plenty ofroom. Or, you could solder the boarddirectly to some copper mounting sup­poets.

There were a bit more inStructionsand assembly inlormation this timethan I've seen in the Kanga kits I'veassembled in lhe past. In fact. there'seven a PC boa rd parts overlay thatactually makes sense. Also, some­thing nice this time is having the volt­ages shown on a separate schematic

of the receiver. I lound these veryhelpful when troubleshooting the re­ceiver the lirsttime. The l CK-80 is nothard to assemble, but ii 's not lor theneophyte builder, either.

Tune-Up

Tune-up is simple. II requires ooly alrequency COUlter and an RF source.First. you need 10 adJus1the VFO If&+quency by tuning T3 for the properfrequ ency. As I mentioned ea rlie r, Ihad some trouble with the combina­tion 01 capacitance in the cscnatorand had 10 do some playing aroundwith some values before I got T3 tolune correctly, After you have the VFOset inject a signal into the receiver; itmight have to be tairty strong at first.An OSCilloscope makes tuning up theIront end easier than by listening tothe signal on Ihe speaker. Adjust 11and T2 lor m8llimum indieation on thescope. Remove the slgnaI source andconnect the antenna to the re<:elwer.Now you should be able to hear sig­na ls as you tune across the band.Since the rece ive r has no AGC,strong signals will cause the receMlrto overload and distort the audio. Youcan add a brute Iorce RF gain controlby using a 500 ohm pot 10 ground onthe anlenna input.

With the receive r's PC boardmounled in a case, it proved very sta­ble considering thai the osclllator isrunn ing at 8 MHz, The receiver caneasily hear signals my Drake RS canhear down in the noise. Ouring limes01 busy banc:l conditiOnS, the filler olthe lCK-80 does not pl'Ollicle the bestselectivity, but it heads above any di­rect conversion receiver. The lCK-80provides single signal receee.

When I get some extra lime, 1'1 as­semble the matching transmitter andmarry the two together for a complete80 me ter CW transce iver. It shouldprove an interesting project. Buf, Inthe meanlime, just ltstening to signalson a receiver you buill with your ownhands ts a lot of fun. iii

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that were donated by the ARRL forprizes.

Casey and Cody Haley have doneseveral youth forums with me as my~est speakers. They ere always a bighit. Cody KB5WYJ is 11 years old andreally enjoys all aspects 0' ham radioWilh the rest of hiS ham family. He toldabout a geogaphy bee that he won inschool thanks to the knowledge he hadgotten from his radio contacts. His dad,Marty AB5GU, helps out with racio de­lTKlS to the Boy Scout!TOUP the Haleysbelong to.

Seth W' son NOURQ is 14 years oldand is vice president ot the Boulder,Colorado (BARC), Jr. Ama teur RadioClub. He describes himself as a 'pee­ple person." Ham radio gives him achance to meel many different peopleand 10 learn about all of their interests.Seth teaches other youngsters aboutradio. The club provides 10 ditlerentEImers. so tile children get exposed tovarious teaching styles and dlnerenl ar­eas 01 expertise.

At Ihs poinl in the lonm, Noel andBill drew names to give out the books

Photo A. Presenlers al lIIe '94 Dayton Yotllh Forum, (Phoro by Jim Wi/meroingN4MDC.)

Photo C. Chris Lougee with Ihe winner of the 2meter rig, Darren EllingtonKB4FBC. (Photo by Jim Wilmerdinf1 N4MDC.}

stepped in to take my place as modera­tor. By a. accccres he did a supe1l))oIlwith the very talen ted youngsters wehad lined up. My thanks to the McKe­own family lor an their !JXld eflorts.

This annual Youth Forum is nearestand dearest to my heart. Interviewingth e youngsters from all across thecountry beg ins as early as June andJuly. It's a privilege lor me to be able toshowcase the bright and accomplisheddlildren who make such a vital conlrt­bution to the g owlh of amateur radio.

My dear fri end Roy Neal K6DUEwas first up to speak to the audienceabout SAREX (shuttle amateur rad ioexpemient). He spoke with pride abouthow this program has put ham radio inthe hands of the astronauts so theycan speak With school kids aU overthe world. Roy is a tireless worXer lorAMSAT.

The first youngster at the podiumwas Chris Rismiller N8PEM. age 18.He spoke of his participation wl\l'1 a l0­cal radio club in an emergency drill witha mock airplane crash. Chris Is alsovery active with the 4H club and hasdone many radio demos lor the otherkids to see. He stressed that ham radiois more fun when you get lnYQIved wilhother friends )"OUr own age.

Ray GlaZer AASMR. age 16. spokeabout how he was introduced to hamradio and ATV by taking part in a 1,000It. baDoon launch. He became inYoIv'9dwith a local AN lJ"OUp that organizedthe foxhunt arter the launch.

Kev in Sil N9RPL is 15 and to ldabout some funny excenences wilhlo..hunting. He ekplained triangulationto the aud ience, and how fOkhuntersutilize this tecnnque.

As r watched the forum on IheYideotape that had been sent to me. Iwas really prou d of the children whogot up to speak in fronl of a packedaud ience. I wa s especiatly delightedv.tlen the distaff members of the speak­ing group got up to the podium.

Laura Sobon KQ40 ZC is 10 yearsold and has an E..Ira Class license.SIle's been liStening to her dad's radiosince the age of six. Laura gave a veryimpressive presentation, Including avideo that showed the resale etlorts lora tornado emergency that she and herdad participated in with radio communI­cations.

Cathy Gilli land K80FDU is a 17­year -Old Wh O Is working Wit h B illPasternak and Dave Black on a videoabout amateur radio as seen throughthe eyes 01 a young person. She alsogives radtc presen tations at a localmiddle school for Hobby and CareerDoy.

Jeremy Boerger N8PPY intriguedeveryone with his descript ion 01 thedeYastalJon at the tornado relief centerhe worked at with his dad . He wiselyremarked tha t ' catastrophic eventshappen, and amateur radio can alwaysee a backup.'

Carole Perry WB2MGPMec.ia Mentors, Inc.P.O. Bcx 131646Staten tsland NY 10313-0006

Dayton Youth ForumMy opening remarks a t the '94

Youth Forum atme Daytoo Hamventionwere most unconvent ional in format.Due to emergency badl surgery. r wasunabl e to be present at Hamventtonthis year. The terrific folks at DARA,and good fr iends li ke Bill PasternakWA6rTF, Roo Moorefield W8ILe. NoelMcKeow n WB8QOC and GaryMatthews KBaGOL pu"ed 011 some ex­l1aordinary 'eats to make sure t coulds~" "be thera.·

I was discharged from the hospitalan hour earlier than we planned. Whilesitting In a IrierKfs car right outsicle thehospital. I called the Hara Arena to in­form them that I was on my way homeand "WOUld have 10 mss the teleccnfer­ence call we had arranged. In lrue hamtradition, they patched my cellularphone call through the PA system atthe forum. It was an experience I'. nev·er forget! I was actually able to wet­come everyone to the forum in Dayton....nile sining in a car in front of a New

York City hospital. I'll have to be low­ered in by a helicopter nelCl year 10 topthis one.

The very capable Noel McKeown

PhOIO B. N6TJ we!comes youngstersto join him M!erl he goes 10 lhe Ascen­SiOn Islands for DXing. (Photo by JimWilmerding N4MDC.)

54 73Amateur Radio Today . September, 1994

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l ions from school kids were answeredduring the contact. The ever-popular"How do you go to the bathroo m inspace?" question went unanswered.

Danny Savino AA2GM is a ta-year­old Extra Class whose dad first inter­ested him in amateur radio by showinghim different aSL cards. Dan spokeabout how to get young people interest­ed In radio. He mennceeo that 10K­hunts, moonbounce. space contacts.and working drlIerent modes are activi­lies that provide action and ll'lCitement.which Is what young people like. Heproposed a youth net or a school clUbas good ideas to get large numbers ofkids involved.

The g-and finale 01 the Youlll Forumcame when Ch ris Lougee o! ICOMdrew a card out 01 a hat to present anICOM 2 meter harQa--taIkie radio to ayoungster under the age of 18. Thewinner was Darren EI~ngton KB4FHC.

It seemed to me from watching thevideotape that a good time was had byaI. My special lhanks 10 al the d'likSrenwho turned out to be such excellent pre­senters, and to all the wonderful hamswho pitched in 10 help with me forum.

Due 10 the large number of childrenwho applied to partieipate in this year'sforum we11be starting 10 interview a lotearlier for Dayton '95 this year. So allyou teachers and instructors and par­ents •• . keep yD4X eyes and ears opentor artiCulate. active young people whowould like to be Interviewed for nedyear's forum. Have them contact me at(71 8) 983-1 416. iii

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Casey AB5RG is nine years old andgal his Extra ticket when he was onlyeight . Besides winning nu merousawards, Casey has the distinction ofbeing the youngest member of DXCC.He "loves to chase OX." He lntroo.K:edJim N6TJlZD8Z. who made a skeel withhim from lIle AscenSiOn Islands. Caseysays that raec is really greal lor a kidbecause it has helped him with his ge­ography. SCience. and social studies. Ithas also gOllen him the day oil tospeak. at the forum in Dayton.

My good Ir tend Gordo n WestWB6NDA was up next 10 invite every'one to join us both on "The CO AllSChools Net- next la ll. (We meel onTuesdays and Thursdays at 17:30 UTeon 28.303 MHz. II nothing is heard et­ter 10 minutes. go to 21.303 MHz.)

Shawn Pallison KB4WXY, age 13,told the audience how he became inter·ested in ham radio ane- seeing a (1&mo

In me second grade. He enjoys gettingInvolved willl lIle publiC service part ofthe hobby and recomme nds thatyoungsters get exposed to working willlemergency conmeaceucee.

Toby Melz KB7UIM, age 14 , wasfor tuna te enough to have his trip 10Dayton sponsored by the kx:al Boise,Idaho. Amateur Raoo Club. This articu­late young man gave a wonderful multi­media presentation hignlighting his run­ning of the Discovefy Net. He was thenet control lor the SAAEX STS-60school contact. Over 25 other schoolswere linked up !or the 10-minute con­lad With the astronauts. CNel" 19~es-

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whiCh ones come and go due to reof1ections from nearby hills and build ­Ings.

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(Photo B), the di splay updates con­stantly. Old traces fade into me back­ground, replaced by fresh Inlormation.KD6IFZ and his partner can eaSily lenwhich signal lobes are consistent and

Photo B. Robert drives and turns the 2 meIer quad while Raclla61 operates thecomputer. According 10 Robert, "She's an excellenl navigator. vel)' good at read·Ing the maps'

Photo C. KD6JFZ is sUI experimenting. so he has not boxed up /tie H lejJer asyet, The microt:x:Introller module is in /tie center 01a large piece 01 pelf board. withanalog S-meter voltage coming in to the lett of the module. At the lop of the photois lhe surplus digitaHy-eontrolled RF atlenualor from JFW Industries.

POOlo A. Robert Bams KD6/FZ goes on hidderJ transminer hunts with RachaelKent KE6GIO. His T-Helper interface boarel and automatic attenua/or are in a cera­boarel box on the bact seal with the bar/ery.

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and their skills are as polished as theparticipants in the Southern eamomia"expert " hunlS. Nowaclays, they lovegoing on klol to "$nifI" out ooncealedrigs at me end of the mobile portion 01the hunt. For the most recent event ,KE6AFR and KE6DVB stufled the ir rigin a big bush under high voltage powerlines. Their antenna was a quarter­wavelength bronze rod concealed In·side a hollowed-oul branch.

Members 01me RACES ADF grouphave started two additional month lyevents. One Is a ·progressive" hunt,where the nrst ic lind the T gets to sn­mediately go oul and put his own T onthe air in a location of his choosing .The finder o f th e second T hide stransmitter number three. and so onlor the remainder of the evening. An­other hUn! features severa l T s, eachbeeping intermi ttently on the samesImplex frequency 'rom widely seer­tered locations, The first to lind all 01them wins.

T-tlunting has eccetec ine spint andcamara de rie 01 this RACES team.Memb ers ga ther inlo rma ll y atlunc htime several days a week 10

swap hunt stories, plan events, anddraw new RDF equipment ideas onpaper napkins. The newesl gizmo onthe RACES hunt scene (Photo A) is"T-Helper" by Robert Barris KD6IFZ,who loves both ham radio and digitaltechnology.

Ac:con:ling to Raben, "J starte<1 play­ing with r'I"Iierocomputers when I was inthe filt h grade, learni ng on a RadioShack TRS-SO Model 1, I wrote littl eprogram s in BAS IC, played gamesancl whatnot From there it was theApple II, the n the IBM and now theMacintosh."

In 1986, Aobert's computer acu­men led him 10 a job al Qu icksilverSOl tware, where he and others wrileprograms under ccntract jor numerouscomputer brands. There he met DaveStetten N6TCI ancl Byon GarrabrantKD6BCH, 'They both got Into ham ra­diO ancl then joined RACES; he says."I went on a couple of r-ncnts withthem, which got me interested In hamrace. I got my eeeose about two years

ago"Most 2 meter mobile transmitter

hunters in Southern CaliJQmia use ro­taling beams or Quads to take direc­tional readings. They use an RF allen­uator to keep strong signals lrom pin­nlng the receiver S-meter. Robert's T­Helper automates the process. It cap­tures anlenna mast aZimu th and S·mete r readings and leeds the data tohis Macintosh PowerBook 180 laptopcoeeoter. whiCh displays real-lime co­lar plots 01 Signal strength versus di-rection relative to the car'S heading

Now They're World Class (Figure 1).

tre cc mp tete ry di ffe rent today. As the vehicle moves along andThese RACES hunters have kept at it, Robert manually rotates his RDF Quad

56 73 Amateur Radio Today · September, 1994

Joe Moell RE. KOOVP08ox 2508FuNer10n CA 92633

RACES RDF GoesHigh-Tech

You can leam a Iotlrom a book or alecture. but you can't master a skillwithout repeatedly pelforming it your­sell. Otherwise, we would all be pro­rassiOnal musiCIans aUer a lew hoursof just reading sheet muSiC and ~slen­

ing to COs. There's no exception tothis rule when it comes to aCQuiring ra­dio directiOn finding (RDF) expertise.Over the Last 68 Installments. "HorningIn" has helped you select equipmentand has described techniques lor hid·den transmiller searches (called Ioll­hunts or T-hunts) . But the only wayyou will become an expert at it is tog et some exoertence . by !rackingdown actual signals,

Three years ago, the Rad iO Ama·te ur Civil Emergency Serv ice(RACES) team lor the County 0 1 Or­ange rea li zed thai rapid responseRDF skills could be vital 10 the publicagencies it serves. At the time. therewere many regular T-hunts in South­em Caliromia, but most cemcceote inthem had yeaf1l 01 excerterce. ElliS!­ing hunts were usually too dillicult toInspire conlidence In beginners, soRACES members began hold ing theirown I'TlOOthly hunts. Liability concemsprevented them trcm calling theseevents ollidal RACES drillS or func­tions, but the group's leadership heavi·Iy promoted them.

RACES hunts are stiUhek:ll'TlOOlhlyon the 146.895 MHz W6KRW re opeater, immediately Iollowing a Mon·day evening net. All listeners are invitoed to try their hand. The nrst hunt wasextra-easy--just a mobile statiOn "hid­c\en" in pla in sight in the parking lot 01

a popular eouee shop. Hider WA6LAB9ave enough clues and encourage­ment tnat several hams were able tolind him with only a mobile rig and awhip antenna, by gauging ttle strength01 the signal. (This is commonly called"hoVcokf' hunting.)

WA60PS and I hi d the seco ndRACES 'r-nunt, t rying inc rease theturaere' skill level. Our T was a dual ­band hand·held modil iad for cross 'band repeat ope ratiOn, in a black. bollunder a tree next to the cu rb of adea<l-end street. Despite our continu­Ing words 01 encou ragement via theUHF link from our car a block away,hunters wou ld drive up nex t to thetree, then drive away when they didn'tsee a ham in a c ar there. A lewhunlers complained that the hunt was' 00 difficult:

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FJgure 1. A typical display on KD6IFTs corrp!Jler during an actual T-lWnt. OwJd pointing direction (121 degrees relative to vehicle heading' is shl:»m as a short (tarlr

bar in the polar display.

Affordable Data Acquisition

is approached. When signal level in­creases enough to drive the polar dis­playoff scale. Robert's program com­mands his anencato r 10 knock the sig­rtaJ level into the receiver down suffi­ciently 10 bring the display back intora nge . II terrain features sudde nlyblock me signal or if me hider reducestransmille r pow er. th e prog ram rs­eoces the RF attenuation.

A header bar on me 300 x 300 pixelpolar display window tens the ccrrenrantenna azimulh and aneeuator set­bng. There is plenty 01 additional roomon the PowerBook screen , so Robe rtadded a map display. A separate win­dow shows a portion of th e countystreet map. The map is easily movedunde r the Window 10 center if on thevehicle's location.

Photo D. A flexible hose connects /fle borrom of lherotating anlenna eiasr 10 a shaft rolalion encodertrom US Digital CorporatiOn. A permanent couplingis not necessary. because the compu1er calibratesfhe efKXJder roadollf before the start of fhe hunt.

••

the dots on the polar display bigger, SO

they would be easier for readers tosee. Alter a couple of minute s of re­coding and recompil ing. the displayhad b igger dOIS, Fo r nighl hunts,Robert prefe rs white dots on a darkbackground . which he can get with a

tries, at a swap meet. "We weren 'tsure it was going to work on me 2 me­ter band," he says. "because it was de­signed for microwave Irequencie s.judging by the SM A type connectorson it; But he wrote a program to lesl itand de termined that range and accu­racy was good enoughtor this closed-loop appli-cation.

Th e "intelligence" lorKD6IFZ's system is all inthe host prog ram. whichruns in the PowerBook -and communicates withthe T·Helper board via ac ommunicat ions POrl .The operator can controlmany attributes from theke yboard , such as th era te that t rac es fad eaway. AI startup. an ini­t ialization routine asksthe operator to point thebeam straight ahead andhit a key. The computerthen automatically can­brates me shalt encoderoutput.

Reprogramming o n theRoo

Robert knows his pro­gram fOfWard and back·ward. and he somel imesmakes changes and reocompi les it in the middle01 a T-hum. When lakingcnctcs of l he setup. Iasked if he could make

meter readirog The meier creon in myreceiver puts oul 0 10 +5 volts. so irs apertect match. There's no algorithm orsma rts in the 68HC1 1 module. just asimple data acquisition process. Thechip has a bootstrap mode. When youfirst turn it on, it watches its serial port.The host program In the PowerBookfeeds it a lill ie l 80-byte routine at9600 bits per seccno. The moduleloads it and runs iI ."

Antenna position data comes froma shaft rotation encoder ettacnec tome bottom 01 the mast (Photo 0 ).Robert explains, "The encode r has2.000 counts or resolution. more than Ican plot . What's more. det erminingshaft angle reqojres a rather hairy a r­gorithm. The encoder does not give anice 10 ·bit answer 01 wh ich way theshalt is poin ted. Instead . it has twooutputs. called the A and B channels.

The T·Helper interlace board (PhD- Each genera tes a precisely timedto C) is designed around a Motorola square wave when the disk is turned.68HC11 B-bit microprocessor. "It is a It's the same principle as the quaere-greal chip lor only about 20 bucks." lure output encoders in a mouse."KD6IFZ says. -t use a support module Since ee encoder oulpul is relalive ,from CGN Company. The module is not ab solute. the 68HC11 must readintended primarily for protctypers and data continuously and keep track 0 1people building onesy-twosy pro jects the shaft position. "II you lost data. youl ike me . II has a socket fo r Ihe would lose sync." says KD6IFZ. "But68HCl1 . a crystal and a 5V-IO·12V I've neve r had a problem that I couldlevel shifter for RS232 interlace. It also allribute to the encoder losing count."ha s all Ihe necessar y reset support Rather than using a PIN diode RFcircuitry. which is pretty Iricl<y to get att enuator wilh analog inpuI, wh ichrighl on your own. That little $35 I'l"OO- would have required a digital-to-ana·ule is a computer in nsee. log converter module in the T·Helper

"The 68HCl l has analog-lo-digita l to drive it, Robert looIIed!Or a digi tally·corwerters right on the chip. I'm using conlrolled atterarator. Luckily. he bundone of them to digitize the receiver S- a suitable unit, made by JFW Indus-

58 73 Amateur Radio Today- September, 1994

F/flure 2. ComK:ted schemabc !of the f'f1S/SIJve RF attenuator projeCt m July's "Homing In:

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Coops . •. The 73 gremlins eccr­dently socneo-cotme DPOl switchesin the res rswe RF altenuator projectin "Homing In" lo r July. A lew extraconn ection dots crept into the circuit.Figure 2 is a corrected schematic. iii

back to the human looking at it andmaking crcces. That's also one of thereasons I'm against hav ing a motordrive lor the antenna rotation, OIt enwe get into a situation where it's deli·~tely In the front right quadrant, lor ex­ample, and we want to just locus onthat area lor a whde. We don' want toswing the l ull 360 deg rees all lhetime:

Orange County RACES is lull 01technic ally competent hams, andKD6IFZ insists on thanking those thatassisted him with the T-Helper project."John Aobens WA6LAB was great lorgenerat consultation: he says. "Hegave me some pa rts and got me start­ed on the uest Circuit , to buller the S­meter output from the rad io. Me lChester KB6MT loaned me his 6811evatuanen board to test my conceptbelore I bought a chip and startedbuilding this t hing , David Hes sKD6LZA and Marty Mitchell N6ZAVgave lots 01 electroniC assiStance. By­on Garrabrant K06BCH helped me alot with the software:

55

62

20dB

10 his system. 1 M Y8 10 constantly re­mind myself that I didn' bUild it to winT-hunts, but to learn how to do someelectronics: he says. "S UI I'd like toadd a satellite navigation unit to knowwhere I am, and a flux--gate compassto input the exect vehicle heading tothe co mputer. Another fea ture I'mthinking 01 adding is a B-scope (red­angtJtar X-Y) display. Simply becauseit's sometimes easier to find the peakwith it. compared to the polar display."

What about lelling me computetcalculate the best bearing directionfrom the displayed dala? Robert thinksthat some things are best lell to theoperator. "Judging by some 01 the pat­tems that we have gotten, I wouldn'!lrust lhe computer to make jUdgementcalls on where the peak is: he says,"We prefer to keep moving and keepswinging the b eam. II we se e astrange blip, we ca n tell if it was orwasn't there be fo re a nd decidewhether to change di rection or keepmoving .

"I'm very much against \tie c:orrput­er doing any interpretation, I like theprogram to have lots 01 ways to pre­sent the caie. but ultimately it comes

62

54

20dB

'::-" 62

When the battery gelS low. we plug inthe inverter and chalge it up again."

Robert and gacnael won' brag, butthe computerized system has servedthem well in the 10 or so hunts wherethey have tested il. "We haven't yetwon any hunts where winner Is dete r­mined by low mileage: he says. -a utwe won the lirst Monday night firs t­finder-wins RACES hunt that we tookit out on. On that hunt. KD6BCH hidusing a continuously rOlating beam

• antenna lor transmining, The T-HelperworXed like a charm.

"The other hunters had to contendWith a-meter readings constantly vary­ing 10 to 15 ce. which made accuratebearing-taking diffiaJn for them, Withthe T-Helper, we could build up a pat­tern on the screen. As we swept theantenna slowly across the signal andlet the peaks and valleys come andgo, the patlern showed where thehighest high was. which was the erec­tlon to me 1. That was instrumental toour winning."

Always a Wish Lis'

Like any good engineer, Robert isptanning additions and improvements

, ,, ,.... .."I,..... "1ii NP. ;I" "1 :,, ,,, > 'i ;. ,; 62 ;~

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51,

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lew keystrokes.When hunting. the host prog ram

loop sequence is simple: Read the en­tenna shall angle , read the s -metervottage, place the eot on the polar dis­play, check II lhe S-mater is in rangeand reset the attenuator accordingl y,the n repeal. ' The protocol betweenthe host and the helper is very simple:says K061FZ. "The host sends out onecharacter 10 assert a byte on Ihe at­tenuatcr control lines. The characteralso serves as the go-ahead 10 sendback a packet of azimuth/strength datalrom T-Helper to host.

"Thi s happens about 30 Umes asecond. l he re are six cctcrscrarcrsconnected 10 OUIPUI pins on one or theparallel ports on the 68HC11. Everytime the microcontroller recei ves abyte Irom the nest, it asserts it on theSix lines and the relays in the anerwe­tor change to relied it.

"The l -Helper board runs directly011 a 12V gel·cell: Robert adds. "Thecomputer has ds own battery that tastsabo ut l wo hours o n a good day ifyou're not stressing the machine toomuch. We bring an inverter and theco mputer's battery cha rg er alo ng .

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PACKET & COMPUTERSNetwork) hearing each other (CarrierSense), your radio must match yourLAN. In some places. you just won'tget away with less than SOW. Thishappens when outlying stations makethemselves part of your LAN. In orderlor them to reach stations-usuallyPBB Ss located fa r from the m bulclose to you-they run high power.This means lhat even tho ugh youcould make a good connection with5W 10 the station you want 10 talk to,others on the frequency will not knowyou are transmitting and wia inlerfere.It is usually poss ible to find a freQuen­cy which supports tru ly local opera­tions, lor those thai whiCh rc (or must)use handhelds and other low pow.erec races.

What Aboul a Beam?

DirectiOnal antennas may seem anattractive alternative to lhe omn', butthey present a problem: Unless youintend a point-to-point link, and youranten na ha s an amaZingly smallbeam width. you are going to interterewirh other sfations. There is one ex­ception to this: If you live on the fringeof a LAN, and no other LAN user Jivesbehind you (rereuve to the servicearea) or nearby to the sides or you,you can point a relatively wide beamtoward the LAN. This can and doeswork in thiS case, and I am sure thatsome of you will be able to take ad­vantage 01 this advice.

Antenna Selection

I said ea rlie r Ihat you needed agood radio · system." This inc ludesyour antenna. II you are inside a LANservice area. you must use a goodomnidirectiOnal antenna. For the all­important Carrier Sense part of theAX.25 protocol to wor1( property, youmust hear them and they must hearyou. "They" being evetyOrJe using thef requency, not j ust t he stat ion 10whom you Wish 10 connect. The tactIs, a good antenna can make a dra­matic dilterence in a packet station'sperformance, I have had a great deal01 success with a handheld in to aRingo Ranger at 25 tt.. and a greatdeal 01 Irustration with me same riginto a half-wave mag mount when ilwas all I could manage. The Ringo isa good choice. or, il you can spendthe money. lhe Fiberglas oo-linear de­signs from Diamond and Comet aresimply great. WhiChever antenna youbuy, lollow the mounting and luninginstructiOns carefully to inSure a goodVSWR.

what slow tor l ile transfer, but doesOK lor reading bulletins and key~

board-to-keyboard connections. Morehams are looking at higher speedconnections, though, and 9600 baudmodems in TNCs are more popularthan ever.

The Radio

Choosing a TNC

TNCs com e in a range simi lar toterminal equipment. On the low endare the simple TNC2 (a standardTNC design Irom TAPA. the TucsonAmateur Packet Radio group, whichwas gre atly res ponsible lo r makingpacket a practical reality). These unitscan be found at namtests lo r lessthan $100. sometimes considerablyless. They can be purchased new for$100 and up. Good units to look forinclude the AEA PK-88 (and the inter­nal version the PC8-88) probably myfi rst cho ice in the low end , thexentronrcs KPC-4, a nice small unitthat is easily powered by a battery lorpo rtable use , and t he MFJ 1270which is truty a budget box--not myfirst choice but it will work and hasmany happy owners.

II is very important to be sure thatany TNC you buy at a hamlest is a:TNC2 and not a TNC1. While Ihefirmware (on a PAOM in Ihe boll) canbe upgraded on many 01 these units,it is not the best way to start out yourpacket carrie r unless you have help.Any now TNC wilt be TNC2-compali­ere. Any 01 these inexpe nsive andsimple units will get the job done lorthe beginning packeleer. Once we getpast the entry level. though. thingsstarl to get very interesting.

Multimode Controllers

Many 01 you may have your sightsset on HF cceratcn and aa ecse es­crenc modes like AMTOA (AMateurTeletype Over Rad io) and PACTOR(A combination 01 Packet and AM ­TO A). or even just plain old ATTY(Radio TeleTYpe). To do lhese things,you'll need a muttrmode con trolle r,Multimode boxes come in a wide vari­ety, and dloosing one is not a simplematte r. I'll give you th is advice.though: II you care about HF, buy anAEA unit. AEA is undOUbtedly thebest in the HF arena wilh its eight­pole Chebychev l ilter In the front encl.l! you want to work digital HF, look lora multimode controller.

A Iransceiver replaces the phoneline in our packet connection, and agood radio system Is very importantto packel operation , The AX.25 pro- Get Help from your Local Hams

tcccr uses a traffic control scheme The linal piece of advice is 10 seekcalled CSMAlC D (C arr ier Sense out a Iriend in you r town, or join aMultiple Access/Collision Detection) . paceet radio organization. There is noIt works a lot like 2M repeater opera- shorteqe 01help out there, hams loveliOn: 10 help others get started in their ta-

Carrier Sense-llsten before you vonle pari of the raoe hobby. I'd likekey up. to help hams get in louch with individ-

Multiple Access-more than one uats or Clubs who ca n help a hamstatiOn uses the same rrequency starl up with packet. If you are such a

Co ll is ion Detection- "hey, you person , or be long to such a club,guys doubled" write me on the Inte rnet: jslomanO

Because this scheme depends up- ou .com and let me know what youron all stations on the LAN (Local Area up to-I'll let others know here, iii

73 Amateur Radio Today. september. 1994 61

Digital Amateur Radio

numbers than any other mactline. Soif you don 't own a machine, and youwa nt to buy one lor use In o urshack-buy a PC. What sort of PC?Well , yotJr best bel is to buy some­thing that will properly run MicrosoltWindows. Windows-based ham soft­wa re is rapidly becom ing the normand caers wonderful ease of use. Ba­sically, you ' lI want an 80486 with 8Mb 01 RAM . Note that this is a verysimplistic description, and you'll wantto consult an expe rt (Inand or dealer)lor a more oomplete explanation.

Wh icheve r mach ine you have,you'll be using one 01 its serial ports10 connect the nellt boll. in the chain­the TNC. A TNC does two thirlgs loryo u, First, it has some Infelligencebuilt in. This allows II to interact withyou through Its simple user interface.For instance , tc connect to anothersteuoo. you type a command at theprompt

cmc.c kb9bweThis instruct s the prog ram in the

TNC to do everything necessary tomake a connection to KB9BWE. Todo this it uses a special » roIocor-aset 01 rules--ealled AX.25. This is a"packet switctled" protocol, and wherepacket reoc gets its name.

Because of this built-in protoc oland its "co mma nd interpreter"-thepart thai und e rstand s you r cern ­mands-any sort 01 communicationsprogram will starl you out.

The second major functiOn 01 theTNC is to provide a modem that getsyour data on the air. The word roc­dem comes from MODulate DEModu­late, and its job is to tum the outgoingdigital signal into sound and the in­comIng sound back into digi tal Inlor­manon, It IUllCtiOns about the sameway that you r te lep hone modemdoes, but usually at a considerablyslower pace 011200 baud.

Let's take a moment to look at theidea of "baud ." This technical termcomes from the name 01 J. E. Baudot,a French engineer who did work onthe te leg ra ph. There is ccn tustcnabout just what "baud- means-it isnot the same as bps (bi ts per sec­ond). A baud is a transition from on tooff, or logical terse to logical true (0 or1). When we say that a modem is ca­pable of l ransmiUing data al 14,400bps, we are nol saying thai It is a14,400 oeoa modem. The carrier fora 14.4 kbps connect ion is actually9600 baud . Thanks to some fancyslight 01 hand. it is possible to sendmore tha n one bit per baud-getthat? The modem sends mo re thanone bit 01 data eacn time it makes atransition trom high to low.

Now. this doesn't mean that youhave to send more than one bit perbaud, and In fact, In the average TNC1200 baud ., 1200 bps. This Is some-

Jeffrey Sloman N tE\'\Octo 73 Magazine70 Route 202 North~terbotough NH 03458

Getting Your Computer OnThe Air

This column usually discusses ad­vanced topics, but even the most ad­va nced a mong us sta rted out withsimple Sl\Jff. W ith lhat in mind 1'(1 like

10 gel more 01 you on the air so wecan bu ild up the pool of -packet ex­perts."

Many 01 you with an uuerest inpacket radio are already using you rcomputer 10 communicate over phonelines using a modem. Sending andreceiving dala using amateur radiogea r shares ma ny at the conceptsyou already un de rstand from t hewirebound world 01 BBSs. II you arean experienced landtine BBS user,you already own one cri tical romp>"nenl. II you are an average ham ,you've gol anolher-a 2m handheld.In lact, !of many of you. the only thingeat )'(Xfn need to buy is a m e (Ter­minal Node Controller) which is thepacket radio equivalent of your mo­dem (but iI's a 101smarter.)

What Do You Need?

The first thing you 'll need 10 startout in packet Is some sort 01term inal.This can be a "dumb te rminal"-anold-fa shioned des ktop unil o llenfound at hamlests for anywhere from$0 to $20. Almost any dumb terminalwi ll do, out not eve ry terminal willwork. Ideally, you want somethingthat works as a "glass TTY" (a videove rs ion of a printing term inal) orvr xxx emutettcn, Where xxx is 52,100,102, 220 (or higher). The VT ter­minal is an itTYentiOn 01 DEC (DigitalEquipment CorporatiOn), and is Just alittle better than dumb. By sending aVT terminal certain command se­quences you can get the display to dosome interes ting things l ike menusand reverse Video, The higher thenumber etter VT, the more modernand capable the terminal.

While a terminal wi. get you on eeair, yo u' ll l ind it frustrat ing alle rawhile. A terminal cannot run the so­phlsticated communications softwarethat adds kl the exCilement after youget going. For this, you'll need a c0m­

peter. Almost any computer can beused In a packet station. If you have aCommodore 64, 128, or Amiga, you'lIl ind lots of other hams using thishardware and ready to Oller help. 11you use a MaCintosh, you'n find plenty01 sof twa re lor your ma chine . Theclear leader, though, in the amateurworld wi. come as no surprise-TheIBM-PC and its oompal ibles.

Just li ke the rest of the wo r ld ,hams use the IBM -P C In g reater

ArvBil8roltn WB8ELK

'*' 73 M.agazine70 Route 202 NotthPe/ertJorough NH 034S8

Big Shanty ATVThe Big Shanty Repeater Group co­

erates a wide-coverage ATV repeateron lop 01 Sweat Mountain just north ofAtlanta, Georgia . Thanks to the eflorts01 Ralph Fowler N4NEQ and others intho group. this repealer offers a variety01 Ieatures such as NASA Select (oor­ing Space Shuttle missions). weatherradar and a number 01 live cameraviews from the top 01 the mountain. ToalleViate !toe protllems associated withan increasingly crowded 70cm band.they eecied 10 go with a crossband re­pealer with an input of 1255 MHz (FM­TV) and an output on 427.25 MHz (ca­ble-ready channel 58). Allhough thereare quite a lew ATVers with lransrrWl ca­pability on 1255 MHz, a much large r

Number 19 on your Feedback card

Ham Television

audience extets who like 10 watetl eefun w ith very modest rece ive equip­ment (some using cable·ready VCRshooked directly to a small antenna).

To improve the success of theseviewers, the group emtlal1<ed on a cou­ple of profects 10 help stir I4l interest inthe repealer. The l irsl project was asmall but very effective (aocl mexpen­slve) antenna designed by Kip TurnerW4KlP thaI was made out of hog 'ancematenar. It wa s dubbed the -HawgFence' antenna and is in use by alarge number 01 the Big Shanty group(constructi on details lor the HawgFence will be given In an upcoming co­~).

In order to OYercome Inherent teed­line losses and to help improve recep­tion with cebe -reecv VCRs or TVs, WillPayne N4YWK developed a mast­mounted prearrl'!ilier that he dubs the~awg Amp: The lollowing are Wilrsconstruction details lor v.tlat has to be

one of most ccst.enecuve mast-mount­ed prearrpa you'll likely enoounter.

TheHawg Amp

The heart of the Hawg Amp systemis a Ramsey Electronics PR-40 prearTllkit. Although it performs a bit below themore expens ive and delicate FETtypes, this bipolar preafTll offers a veryrespectable 10 dB (13 dB typical) gain.along with a noise f~ure of 1.2 dB (90OOg. K). It has a 3 dB bandwidth 0' 24MHz (we measured 40 MHz) and oper­ates with a supply Irom 8 to 16 voltswith a current drain 01 7 mAo Thepreamp's transistor is a 2SC2498 NPNan d is equivalent to an ECG 10 orSK9139. The real secret of the HawgAnll system's success is to pIac8 theRamsey prearTll up at the antenna toeliminate the feedline loss. To avoidrunning extra wires to send power tothe preamp. the prea/tll was modifiedto allow it to draw DC power l rom thecenter conductor 0/ the coax cable. Toaccomplish this you will need to buik;l aDC powe r i n~ctor (see F~ure 1). Youcan think of a DC power injector (locat­ed In your shack) as a si~ duplexerlor two bandS (DC and RF)--it allowsyou 10 put DC power into the bol1om

end of your coa x without interruptingthe received signal path.

Theory of Operation

In the original Ramsey preamp (re­ter to the schematic that comes withthe Ramsey kit). the Input from the an­tenna is applied th~ capacitors andinductors to the base 01 01 . These in­put components form a UHF tunedimpedance match eom the inpuf to 01 .01 amplifies the signal. Capacitor C4couples the amplilied siglal lrom 01 10the output. Resistors R1 and R2 setthe bias on 01 10 draw about 7 mA ofcollector current. which is rts best oper­ating point. Capacitor C5 keeps the DCsupply clean.

The Hawg Amp modif ied de sig ntakes DC power from the coax. Sincethe ooax center corooctor has 12 voltsDC on it. R1 is connected right 10 thecenter conductor. capacitor C4 lets thearrl'!llied RF bypass A1 to the outputcoax without being anentuated. Capac­itor C5 is no longer needed hera andthe ·DC duplexing" Is buill right into thecouectcr circuit 0 1 01 . Al the indoorend al tha coax (nside of the DC pow.er injedor). C5 keeps the DC clean inthe power injector. Choke 1.2 couples

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•

FIgure , . SCIlem.atiC diagram 01 the modified Ramsey PR-40preampand the Hawg Amp DC POWflf injector.

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S2 73 Amateur Radio Today e September. 1994

CIRCLE saON READER SERVICE CARD ORClE 18 ON READER SERVICE CARD

chec k to make sure you're d rawingaround 4 to 10 rnA or current. Whileobserving a weak TV Signal (P2 Of P3Signal IeIIel to start With 10 lind the bestpeak), adj ust L 1 by spread ing orsquee zing together ils turns with aplastic tool until you observe the bestpicture. When adjusted. install YOUt

case's lid and get ready to install theprea~ at the antenna, You can v.eath­erproot' your Hawg Ar1'll by mounting "with the connectors down wrth a smallcup Of plastic container for a rain cover.RTV si licone rubber ma kes a goodrainproof sealant if you leave a smallopening at the bottom olthe box. If ev­eryth ing is operating co rrectly. youShould now have a noticeably ifl'llrovedreceived signal.

II you'd like a kit 01hardware eoeoo­roents and detailed construc tion infor·mation lor the Hawg AITll (CATV tapboxes, magnet wire. 390 pF capacitor(C7) and necessary hardware-$10;everything including the Ramsey PRo40 prea mp- $30) , send a ch eck ormoney order 10 Will Payne N4YWK at2823 Oak H. ls Dr.• Dallas GA 30132.

ATV Net

11 you are in the greater Atlanta re­gion. feel l ree to check in With the BigShanty Repeater Group. A weekly ATVnet operates every Thursday eveningaround 9 p.m. EDT. ATV talk·in fre­quencies are 144.34 MHz simplex aswell as the 146.655 (-600, optional118.8 Hz PL) repeater, Ii

in a straight lineabout 118" fromthe metal waUtoIorm a transmis­sCln line.

Solder thegrou nd lug s 01the s -ccreeciorsto the bollomside 01 the Ram­sey preamp andinstall the boardand connectorsinlo you r ca se(you may have 10cu t the corners01the PC boardsshown in Figure2 if you are us­ing a CATV tapbox). Next. sol ­d er the lIyingleads of th epreamp (C 1'slead attaches tothe Input con­nector : C4 andR1's leads at­tace to the Oul·put connector).

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Tune Up

Ma ke sureyou 're gell ingthe proper DC

voltage from the DC power injector. Ifeoeect. hook it up to your preamp andattach your antenna 10 the preamp and

OUTPUT

Flfjur93. Balun winding details.

baluns lor use in the DC power Injector.Remove the windings from ire existingbalun and rewind 1-1 /2 turns 01 magnet

wire through the holes 01 ee ternte r-l~iiii~~.;;;;;P;ftit;r;;;.;;;;;;;;;;;;~;;~core as shown in Figure 3. Then as-semble yo ur DC power Inj ector asstlown in Figure 4. Solder L3, a pieceof heavy bare copper wi re from thecenter conductor of the IN ccroecice.straigh t towards e e center conductorof the OUT connector. Cut L3 abou t118" short 01the OUT connector. InstallC7 10 bridge the gap from t.a to theOI.JT comector. L3 and C7 s/1OUld run

CUT CORNERS HERE

Fl{}ure 4. DC power injector final assembly

J j

INPUT

F'9ure 2. Parts pJacemenl of /he modified preamp showing flying COfTJJO"B'1IIeads.

User SuppliedPower Plug - --+--

I \IIII: II

the DC info the coax while blocking RFand capaci tor C7 ancws RF to pass\tlfl:lugh to your receiver while blockingthe DC (many receivers don" like tosee DC 00 their inputs).

Hawg Amp ConstructIon

Build the Ramsey PR-40 prea01> kitas shown in their instruction manualwith the IoIIowing exceptions: lostan0n­

ly one Side of components R1 , C1 andC4 to the circuif board. The other leadof each component will be leh llyingrather than uSing the PC board holes(refer to FlQUre 2 lor details). These wi!be lhe leads lor DC power, RF in andRF out Do not install C5, it will be usedlor the power injector circuit.

Although you can use any case ofyour choclsW1g lor the preamp and thepower injector. surplus CATV tap box­es, each having three F-type connec­tors were used to house the antenna­mounted preamp and the power injec­tor. oesccer these lap boxes and re­fTIOIIIe thei( PC boards and at least one01 the s-coooectors. Save the s-een­nec tars and one 01 the ferrife core

73 Amateur Radio Today · September, 1994 63

Flgl/rB I . The lransmlSSIOfI seque~ of Loran-C pl/lses for master and sla o,.e slatlOnS. (TNX Michael A. Lombardi. NI$T.j

Photo A In response to many Qvestions asking what my 10 GHz sse rig looks like, hertl it is: a 10 watt 7WT. The large bottomunit is rtle power supply lor ttle TWT. 1lle top unit e:tXIsists of Moo Pfeamps, a brick oSCillalor-mixer, and four coaxial relays.

64 73 Amateur Radio Today · September, 1994

• GRI •Master X Y Z MasterPulses Pulses Pulses Pulses Pulses

~ A A A ~

Each chain Is reentmec by a uniqueGroup Rep etit ion Ra te , GRI. Thelength 01 tne GRI Is l ixed and eachchain is named according to its GRI(civided by 10). For ex8/Tl)le. the 7980chain has a GRI 01 79,800 micrOsec­onds. Th is means that every 79,800microseconds (approximately 12 timesa second) each stalion in lhe chaintransmits a group 01 pulses.

The GRI must be long enough loreach station in the chain to transmit itspulses and to accommodate lor spac­ing between the pulses. The masterstation transmits eight pulses separat­ed by a 1,0 0 0 microsecond de lay.Then. 2,000 microseconds after theeighth pulse. a ninth pulse is sent. Theninth pulse Is used to Identify the mas­ter station. Next, 1,000 e scrcsecoocelater. the slave stations send thei' puls­es itl turn. Each slave transmits eigtllpulses, separated by a 1,000 microsec­ond delay. For navigation operation, re­ception from the master and two slavetransmitters is required

The signal from each L.oran-C trans­miller radiates in an dlrections. Part 01the signal travels parallel to the earth;it's called the ground wave. Part 01 theSignal is radiated upward and is reflecl­ed elf the iOn05phere: this part is calledthe skywave. Recer. ing the skywave Isless deSirable man rece iving (heground wave, because the skywave"moves' around and produces a lessstable frequency (al the receiver). ThislTlOYemenl is caused by the motion ofthe ionosphere and is due 10 the riseand Ian of the sun. II you use the sky­wave lor frequency calibrations, accu­racy may be less than 1 x 10 to thelenlh per day 01" less (oplirrum condi­lions). 'rou wi. receive the skywave on­ly if (he ground-wave signal has trav·eiee a long distance and is 100 weakand noisy lor the receiver to track. If 8receiver Is within 1,500 rnles of a lo­ran transminer you should be able 10receiw the ground wave. {If you have areceiver that can tune to 100 kHz. theLoran sounds Just like machine-gun­like cnatter. which is It's pulse sIr ingand slave transmitters.

The teran-c rece iver is speCiallyconstructed 10 look lor this pulse Iormaland it can diStinguish between the sky­wave and ground-wave signals. It doesso by tracking the third cycle of a trans­miners pulse. The third cycle arrivesearly in the pulse train. making it easy10 discriminate and arrive at prediCtiOnsbased on this Ihird cycle . tn other

Loran-C Opel'll lion

The Loren-c navigation system con­sis ts of nearly 2 0 sync hronized"chains· or networks 01 stations. Thesechains provide coverage lor mosl 01 theU.S. Canada. Europe, the North AI­rantc. the islands 01 Central and WestPacilic . the Phil ippines and Japan.Each chain has a master slation andtwo to tour stave stations: M deSignatesmaster, and W. X, Y arid Z deSignateSlave stations . Th e ma ster etettcntransmits groups or pulses that are re­ceived by the slave stations. then theytransmit Similar groupS 01 pcrses.

All Loran-e stations (transmitters)broaOcast on the same carrier frequen­cy. 100 kHz. Because 01 this the receiv­er has to distinguish between signalsIrom a number of difle rent stations.

FIgUrB 2. Loran-C pulse WIth lhird cycJ6 JdenMcallOl1. (TNX Michael A. Lombardi.NIST.)

. ~ " AV V

V fThi rd CycleZero Crossing

amateurs. Loran, Of. more properly.LOR AN. stenes lor LOng RAngeNavigation. As I dlSO'Ssed IasllTl)l'lth ,as arratews _ don't need the naviga­(jon aspect of loran in our acuvmee.with the exception 01 usin g i\ tocorrccte precise grid square locationinformation. Loran provides a usefulcalibratiOn method lor our home Ire­Quency counters. I briefly covered thisappliCation for frequency control , show­ing how to cor-cere the onboard Loranreceiver oscillator referenced to thehigh accuracy Slandards at the Lorantransmitte r Sile . I will gel into this as­pect of frequency accuracy later: fornow. let's gel inlo what Loran is andhow it functiooS.

The eest description 01 Loran I canfind comes from a paper from theNational Insti tute 01 Standards andTechnology in Boulder. Colorado. byMichael A. Lombardi of the Time andFrequency Division (the document isa contribut ion 01 the United StatesGovernment and not subject 10 copy­right.) I must thank the author lor hissimple eKplanal ion 01 system opera­l ion. and NIST for making this docu­ment availab le .

VHF and Above Operation

c. L Houghton WB6IGPSan Diego Mierowave Group6345 Badger uke AVit.

San Diego GAo 921'9

Loran Operation:Basic Principles

Last month I had a 10( 01 informationon 10 GHz operations to CO\Ief betorethe ARRL 10 GHz contest look place.Rx me. this is the premier miCrowavecontest (1 suppose just because I havelun partiCipating in it). The 10 GHz coo­test Is held on two separate weekends:the urst in August; the second aboutlour weeks later. in secrerroer Opera­l ion is portioned to these two weee­ends to equalize me opportun ity forthose participating trom all parIs ct inecountry. I try 10 work both weekends.anhougl there have been weekends inthe past whe re no amount 01 powerworked. because 01 bad days for ex­cessive path loss. Thank goodness loranother day's ellempt-it was muchcener.

This month I'l l continue discussingLoran system operation. and cover indetail how the loran system functionsand what benefits it can offer to us as

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73 Amateur Radio Today . September, 1994 65

Fl(}urB 3. Cons/ruction Ideas tor a shielded loop antenna tor VLF operatiOn: (a) requires 40 splices, (b) requires simpler IDCconnector wirtl 2 male chassiS fDCs soldered bac#l-fo.back. l -pin offset.

,,'(. )

'"'

40 Pi"RibbonCl bl.(To Loop)

•(b)

2 Male PC BoardA IDe Conn.etc",

Soldlrl d B.ck·To-8 a<;kWith A One·Pln OIf..,

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can 't give away all me secrets for nextrrcnurs column now, bul il will coverseveral I requency counters and thema in lnlernal c ryslal oscillator stan­dards that are used as me cou nters'rererence.

We ll, that' s it nom he re on Loranand some antenna idea s ye t 10 betried. I am gathering materials to buIldthe loop as I write lhis column and willrepo rt back on my progress. II youhave any lavorite Cil'ClJ its on antennaCOrT\XlO8nls tor VLF applications dropme a line and I1r try to include them ina future column to share wilh our read­ers. For thaI maller, any rtems 01 Inter­est wi lt be inCluded, space permitting,as this is your column and _'s here toshare Ideas and promote Interest in ourVHF, UHF and microwave freqcences.VLF might be a little out of our operat­ing frequency realm. e_cept lor calibra·tion of test equipment. In this applica­tion its a must as far as I am concernedto know your frequency accurately.

Mailbo_

Robert Krieger KA00HV writes Ihathe piCked up from mil itary surplus lourlransnMtlers, Model TCM-502BT. manu­acturec by Terra CommILoral, a SanDiego Convaoy; and two C-band 0m­nidirectional antennas, PN '5064, IromMicrowave Specially Co., also a SanDiego Convaoy. Robert states that heenjoys me column and the projectscovered. The inlormation is easy to un­cers taoc and inlormat ive. He hopesteat I can she d some tight on thesemystery ecees he has picked up. Thetransmitters are marked 4.5 to 5 GH2,but have no power specs or manuals 01any sort Robert would appreciale anyinformatiOn or opiniOns I may have con­cerning thiS equipment, especia lly con­ver sion 10 ham band use , ContactRobert al 104 Easl61st st.. DavenportIA52806.

Whi le I am nct ta mutar with th etransmitte rs or arnanoas, some easeproduct information abou l what TerraCommlLoral made might be herptul.They manulacture several mierowavetra nsmitte rs and receivers, mostly lorvideo transm,ssion. I work for PaciliCTelepho ne and we uti lize several 01their portable systems lor certain spe­cIal events. Power output l rom thesetransmitters was less than 1 wall IOOS1running near 100 mW. WrthoulfurtherInlormation speci fically covering yourcevces. a picture or a sketch showingsome 01 the units' details could eces­bly shed some lurthe r lighl on theseunits. I don" have much to go on butcan olter some speculation on how toreverse~ngineer the units.

Whal I suggest is that seeing youhave tour transmitters, pick one candi­date to open up and do some probingand non-destruct ive e_ptoralion. Agood dear 01 informa lion can be ob­tained Irom lhe Irom panel markingsgiving ceecuc ns for ci rCUli operation.Your tetter hin led that this might be aSilflliator or beacon 01 some sort. Welt,It this Is Ihe case, there should be alael< 01 Input circuitry lor adjustmentand monitoring of either video or modu-

lype being tested is a common loop-­stick placed in a veneer position, Ihusmaking the ferrite Ioopstick "omnidirec­tional." A similar horizontal Ioopstickwould e_hib it directional capabil ities.Most AM-FM portable radios use thistype of antenna (horizontal), and showdirectional response. The loop antennais simiar in operation 10 a Ioopstick. orferri le rod an tenna except tha i whenthe loop is horizontal it oecorres omnl ­direclionaJ.

I plan 10 construct a loop and a ter­rite antenna tor both rrrt 60 kHz WWVBand 100 kHz Loran receivers . Teslevaluation will be reporled as progressis made. My TRACeR mode1599J VLFreceiver is what I use to receive WWVBtransmiSSions on 60 kHz. The TRA­CO R 599J receiver can tune 10 99.9kHz, but it is prevenled by deSign lromreceiving any transmissions on 100kHz so it isn't compatible wi th pulsetransmissions (Loran). Both the TRA·CO R and the Loran recei ver boardsare being used in conj unclion witheach other to verity how accurate trroIlrequency slandard is. Normal compar­isons wrth ltle TRACOR receiver showaccuracies to millihertz at 5 MHz. II Itake a litt le more ca libration time andfuss, the system is capable 01 muchbeller accuracy.

The Slandard cscna tcr mat I use lormy maste r re ference is FrequencyElectronics Inc.'s Model FE-1M 5 MHzmasler standard. The FE-l 0 was ac­quired in surplus as "DEFECTIVE, OFFFREQUENCY," according to the repaireeccrs tag. Kerry N61ZW and I eachobtained identical units. "deledive stan­dards,- and recaliblated them in shortorder. We had hoped that they were reopairable are tool< a gamble. The unitsseemed to fuoction but were pid<ed upin 'as is" condition in surplus. In thiscase all wor1led out well but it lOOk timeto partorm calibration due to settling in,(baking in) 01 the oscillalors and theirmultiple ovens. I better stop here asthiS is getting into ne:l1 month's topiC:frequency counters and standards, I

surfaced but I haven't had time to putthem 10 the lest. Kirk Bailey in covens.Oregon. onered a suggestion on a loopantenna . He has construcled a copper­shielded loop that uses 40 loop turns.His approach /or construction is a novelone in that a ao-ccocuctcr ribbon cableIs inserted through Ihe copper tubesectiOns. At ne bollom center copper-r, both ends are brought out and con­nected to standard JOC connectors.The ma le and le male connectors areconnected together one row of pins On­set from each other. This ellectivelyties almosl all pins in series, makingthe greatest 40-eonduclor cable to beInsefted into a copper loop.

The loop is about 1 meter In diame­ter and, as in all loops, the top 01 thecopper tete is open al the lop, with agap of about 1" being scncent. Jlthiswere dosed it would represent a short­ed turn and lhe antenna would nOIfunctiOn at an. Trying 10 wind a Similarloop in other terms can be quite diffj­cul\-alter a nurreer 01 tums are madethey seem to bulk up and it becomesvery hard to wind rrore turns insiOe thecopper tube. Other methods are quitepossible, including plaCing 8 section 0140- to so-eee cable and soldering to­gether al the ends. keeping track of thestart and l inlsh and not having anyshorted lurns which would be defeal ­lng, to say the least. The IDC connec­tor method is a little bulKy but last andsure.l ire and puts to use inellP6nsivecables that might be junked. See Fig­ure 3 lor lhe IDC loop antenna con ­slruetlon method.

Don' forvet that the horiZontal kXJpis directional and nol useful lor naviga.ten. However, it can be useful for track­ing a single staten tor frequency cali­brat ion purposes. Another antenna

Table 1, Status Valuessecond Digit8 = advise, possible ambiguous posn.4 = seW·test eomp., revert to Z9fO

2 = hardwaAlIsoftwate error1 " data valid

First Digit8. eSlimaled positiOn initializal iOn4 = coarse caJcUaled acquiSiliOn position2 .. calculaled position (all S1ation position)1• verifIed position

Suggestions fOI' In Anlenna

I had hoped 10 C()I'Il)lete construc­tion of a active anlenna or lest a looptype antenna lor use with the receiverwe have available. loIs 01 ideas have

words. if !he ptJlse is 01 sutl iCient quali­ty we can be lairly ce rtain that it Is~·wave. Seconclly. the third cyclehas more an1)lilude than ee first anclsecond cyde in the pulse. making thedistinctiOn between Signals idenMiable.See Figure 1, Loran pulse sequence,and Frgure 2. a Single pulse with thirdcyde identified.

I wouIcI like 10 inject some persona l

evaluati ons hare. De tecting the thirdcycle and tsacking between staten ancldi lleranl iations between master andslave siato ns sounds quite intimidat·ing , However these functions are ac­complished by the onboard computerprocessor operat ion thai is internal toeach Loran re<:ei\ler. The operator onlyhas 10 connect the adapler and anIBM-type computer 10 lnierace with thereceiver. The receiver aod its internalcircu itry lakes care 01 all me otherhousekeeping and reports back to lheoperator its wellness or status value.This status value is printed in programstep ' 75, which is iIlcluded in the Au­gust 1994 "Above and Beyond' colurm,

This slep prints posilion data andthe "SI or status in/ormation from thereceiver. I disc:use<t this as a certainlylaclor, when in actuality it is called"ST.'Off status value, which is a he_ number.The first number combined with Ihesecond number provides a states whencompared to the chart shown in Table1, Possible messages are: -sa; mean­~ estimated position, a<Mse possibleambiguOlJS position: or "11" meaningverified position , data valid,

66 73 Amateur Radio Today. September, 1994

---<.. . ..

OZ=1--O•• 0'"

0 ..

0 ..

re

10 ..

0 ••

Loop

Y.. tlc. ' Loop

indirectfy. If the lIems are out there Iwant 10 teU you about them, \lotoereverthey IT'igt1t be, to help you hold lhe costdown ... project construction. The maingoal I have always had is amateur con­struction and enlightenment about theoperalion 01 circuits. As always, I willbe glad to answer questions pertainingto th is months topic a nd other mi­crowave related subjects. Please sendan SASE for a prompt response. 73Chuc:Jl; WB6IGP. Ii3

Hor lzont.1

Omn l·O lr.cUon.'

0 •• '.0---

0'" ••0---

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•

-~•• o..

treks through surplusland are interest­ing to you. Sometimes I find items inquantity sulflCient to Sl.WY Ihose "'tGf­eeee in lham belore !hey become ex­tinct. t try to pick up mese Ilems sothey don't disappear eetcre we ama­18UfS can luly irTlJIemet'lt !hem. I havereceived many letters thanking me formakMlg mese items available to eeers.I hope thai I wi ll be able 10 continue tolocale interes ting amateur VHF UHFrricrowave home-bfew items directly or

"'"

Omn'_D lr. ctlon.'

0 ..

Ho.l~o"t.'

(Llk. '" 8 .... tl>l.ll Hoop)

0 ..

0 • • •• 0---

0'"

'------~-----.-/

Figure 4 . ~rison between IoopstiCk anct loop anlenna rar;1ialionpa tlems lot VLF receiver use.

have no records. The unit has an exter­nal local oscilla tor in a block 01 alu­rrinum. wittllour IurWlg SItbs and mreecoupling adjustments tied to a braod­band IF amplifier. Jim is currently build­Ing an anteMa using a ccuee-can feedand a five..loot dish for his 1691 systemtor GOES weather receptio n. II youhave any inlormalion on th is unrt lorJim, contact him at 2217 Hidden OaksCt., South Bend IN 46628 .

That's it lor ttlls month. I hope my

t0 • •

Ialion Of some sort. The local oscillatormight give a IlJrlhBr clue. Is it uxeo fre­Quency or something more elabOmte?One version of this~'s local os­cillator utilized a synthesizer thaI wascapable 01 moving about 500 to 1000MHz 01 coverage, The step or frequen­

cy JUITlJS were large-something near30 to 50 MHz per step, or channels asthey called it.

Wi th ou t gellin g confused in theunit's exact schematic circui try, make afirst-shot evaluatiOn at a block dagram.Try 10 identify the local osciIator chainand make a rough guess at its f~r'I­cy, NeKt. give a shot at Ihe mixingscheme. II it has vcec transmission Ithas 10 handle baseband video or an IFtype ol signa~ and thai is usually at 70MHz in most systems that use RFrather than video directly. Then t wouldgive the transmit RF chain a shot. Thething here is to IoolI for heat-sink de­vices. One possible triCk he re is thatsome of these systems that I have runacross do no! have power devicesteading the antenna. By that I mean aVHF power ampldier we couple out 01the 0U\pl.II stage directly 10 a couplilgcircuit 10 the anlenna. In some of theseearly microwave transmners, especial­ly those with higher power outputs ,there were not many devices t hat'fIOU1d work at 5 GHz eight or 10 yearsago in those designs. What they didwas develop power at a lower freqcen­r::-j, say half or one-third Irequency, andUSB a diOCle (varactor) multiplier lor themal output stage.

These are no more than an eacet­ad guess, but I hope they can give youa starting point to determine wtJat youhave. II is certainly interesting and, hadI been giYen the opportunity to pick upthe material. I 'fIOU1d have done so. aslong as t didnl have to mortgage thefarm.

Jim Kocsis WA9PYH plclled up (alDayton) a Micro Electronics TllChnoIo­gy CL-20 11 (Mfg. 1986) INMARSAT,whose approximate frequency of oper­ation is 1600 MHz. Jim wants to usettlis lor GOES reception at 1691 MHz.He tr ied th e manufac turer, but they

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73 Amateur Radio Today · September, 1994 67

Miehael J. Geier KB1UMc/o 13 Magazine70 Route 202 NorthPetertJorougtl NH 03458

The Ham At PlayWe hams love to bu ild things! At

least. many of us do. I don't care howmuch OX you Chase. there's just noth­ing like the thrill of making an electron­iC gadget of some kind and seeing itwor1l.. (Then again , there's nolhing likethe frustration of seeing it not work l)When we ponder building, we usuallythink in terms of a protect from a mag·azine or a book. Or, perhaps, even akit; kitbu llding seems 10 be makingsomelhing 01 a comeback , as evi­denced by the growing number of kitproviders. Heathkit may be gone, bUttheir spirit liYes on in newer kit compa­nies like Ramsey and Radiol<it.

There's another kind 01home-txew­lng, though, and this month we're go.ing to explore it. I like 10 think 01 it as akind 01 play. In this type of building ,when you begin, you don't know exact­ly wilh what you're going to end up!II's less like SCience and more like art.¥Up, you start wilh no scnematc. noplans. no instructions. nothing. You just

Your Tech Answer Man

decid e what you wanl to make andstart making ill Can you really do that?

Have At nYes, you can. HoneSl So, how do

you start from scratch and come outwith something usefut? The uest thingyou need to decide is what it is youwant 10 make. Tha t's the easy parI.The harder part Is selecting a viableapproach, There are lots 01 ways tomake any given circuit. Depending onwhat it is you want il lO do, there couk:Ibe dolens of approaches whiCh mightwor1l. . But. before you even gel lhal far,it pays to take a look at what you have

...""Le Boxe de Junque

When you start lrom ground zero,you really can't go ordering parts, be­cause you have no idea what yo uneed! So, take a look at your junk boX,parts bins, old, scrappable boards andsuch , and try to tormulate a c rcuuCOIlCept that Iits into at least some 01what you have. II you want to make apowe r·MOSFET AF amp, It would payto have some MOSFETs hangingaround. On the other hand. if you onlyneed a halt·wall output, perhaps those

2N2222As might do some good, and itmight be worth rethinking the design10 accommodate them, especially ifthe nearest MOSFET is an 8OO-ntlm·ber and two weeks away.

It you're primari ly an AF builder,you probably ought 10 have sometoroid cores and small, enamele<t wirefor making those Interstage uanstorm­ers, IiIlers and such. II you're into reoceivers, dl,lll liJiite MOSFETs and mix·er coees win be Oght lip your aney. 01course, if VHF, UHF and above areyour thing, you need the specializedkinds 01 parts those IreqJeocy langesdemand, such as surtace-rnount -chip"caps and monolithic microwave ampli ·fier ICs. For the kinds of things I like 10build, a good stock 01 ecoo-senesCMOS chips is essential, Some smantransistors, an FET or two, and a oceselection 01 resisters and capaci torsround out the goulash. Sure, I don' al­ways have what I want, but at least Ican get started most cr me time.

Once you have some pa rts at arm'sreach, you need something 10 p utthem on. For audiO and Io¥r·lrequeocyAF gadgets, those "protoboard" bread·boa rd in g sy stems a re absol ut elygreat. They have rows 01 hOles Intowhich you can push componerrtleads,so you don't have to solder anything.a eueve me, when you're design ingfrom scratch , the last thing you want todo is sok:fer, because you" be chang-­ing your ci rcuit arrangement aroYndma ny l im es , Unfor tunately, p roto -

boa rcts also have a great deal 01 ca­pacitance and, therefore. capacitivecoupling between the rows 01 holes.Up to a megahertz or two you can livewith it. bUt beyond that it starts to gelreally noticeable.

Grunge

Along with all that coupling comesno ise . As I mentioned. I often workwith CMOS logic . Even thOugh CMOSis inherently very low In power eon­surnpuon. the switching transients dotend to show up on oll'l&r Signals whenI use a protoboard. In a COfl'llliCatedcircuit. it can lead to pulse jitter and allkinds 01 weird circuit interactions. So,is there an allernative?

There are several, bUt none is aseasy to use as the protoboarct. Youcan buy special PC boa rds which haverows 01 copper squa res. all isolatedlrom each other. You solder the partsto the squa res and then solder wiresfrom one to the other. But. as I men­tioned , soldering is a real pain withthis kind 01work, so I try to awld us­ing this system. SliD, I have had suc·cess with it in si tuations where thegrunge level on a protoboard was Jusl100 high. You also can use good oldperl'board. This stuff jusI has holes. nocopper. You stiCk the parts' teaes Inthe holes and solde r from one lead tothe other. I ha te designing this way be­cause making changes is very awk­ward. But, irs great lor build'ng proto­types of things you've already perfect-

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68 73 Amateur Rsdio Today · September, 1994

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ed on the crotoocarc, II's sloW, but youcan make reliable , small assemblieswith this technique, and they're prettyindestrtlctible.

And, ret's not lorget -dead-bug"construction, so named because 01the resemblance 01 the upside-downparts to deceased insects with theirlegs In the air. Again, this involves sci­

der, but it lets you make things that willoperate at lairly high treocoeocreewithout trouble, as long as you keepthe leads stcn. And, if you don' wrapthe leads around each other, it's nothard to heal 'em up and pull 'em apart10 make changes. When deve lopingAF crrcuns. I've used the dead-bugsty\fI lor the hlgher-Irequency stages,and la id the whole mess oext to myprotoboard so I could use it for thelower·frequency stutt Naturally, there'sno ground plane whn this style 01 con­strucson, and sometimes that can bea problem.

Another prototyp ing techniquethaI's otten overlooked is w re-wrap­ping. To wire-wrap. you allach parts toposts placed like pegs on a board.Then, you use a wire·wrapping gun inconjunction with some very line. insu­lated wire and s imply connect thedots: the gun makes a very ligI1t wraparound !he square pegs, automaticallycutting through the msuiauon to makea good connection. This system hasbeen very popular lor digital circuitrybecause logic Circuits ollen have atremendous number of connecnoos.

and it's easy and last to whip them ro­gether With the gun, Unlortunately, youwind up with a real rare nest under theboard, and Iracing out a mistake ormaking a change can be elltremelyfrustrating and dilficun. For that rea 'son, I hate wire-wrapping and aYOid itlor development won<.

No ma tter what style of construc­tion you use to test your circuit con­cepts. ir s a good idea to use busseslor your power and ground eacs. It re­ally cuts down on the noise problem.Also. don'llorget some bypass capaci­tors. A big electrolytic In parallel with afew ceramics, placed right where thepower enters the board, reall y canhelp. Also. if you sliM have noise pr0b­lems, bypass the power going 10 eacnstage or IC with more capacitors. Forlogic circuits, a 0.1 IlF bypass can dowonders in reducing swilching tran­sients' induction Into the DC supply

Where To Stlrt?

II's crucial that you have test equip­ment and tools which are up to the jobyou're allemptlng. I've wasted many,many an hour trying 10 diddle so meliming circuit or tuned stage into won<­ing. all to no ava il because I didn'thave !he nghl meter or whatever. Themost important tool you can have is anoscilloscope. Eve n thoug h 'scopesdon't give you the accuracy and preci­sion 01. say, a Irequency counter ordigital voltmeter, they can let you seeth ings you just can't see any ether

way. Often, wilen DVM measurementslook go od bUl the th ing Just won'twork, a glance at the 'scope InstanUymakes the problem cleat. A good von­meter is a must , Ihough. Now andthen the Old. ana log style 01 meter willdo more lor you lhan a DVM. Mast ofthe ~me, however, the digital meter Isfar more useful. I still have an analogmeter, bu l I rarely use it anymore. IIyou often make radio gear. a frequen­cy counter is greal. For tuned circuits,a dip meter is very useful, and I donlknow why they've gone out 01 lashion:they ten you where any tuned circuit Isresonat ing.

Good, clea n DC power is some­thing you just can't do w;thout. Fromthe type of project, you should have asense of how much current you 'llneed. For all bul power ampliliers, acouple 01 amps at 12 volts should befine, Heclt, tor little CMOS gadgets. 01­teo 100 rnA Is more than you need. Aregulated , variable power supply isgreat. But, if you don't have one. con­sider using a uv ee-terrnoat regulatorright on your project's board. They'recneao and simple, and they do a greatjob, ollen allowing you to use a sur­plus N:; adapter for dleap DC,

OK, you've selecIed a constructionmethod, and you have good loois andsome parts. What now? Well, obvious­1'1 you must know something about lhebasic configurat ion of the circuit youwant to build. If ir s a receber, is it asuperhet? A d irect-conversion? A

TAF? Or. il it's a logiC-based gadget 01some kind, what are its Inputs and cor­puts supposed to do?

I find that leVel conversion and tim­ing circuits are the ones which givethe most trouble, so I usually do themfirst. For instance, il you're making areceive r that has an oscillator, or atransmitter, I suggest getting the oscil­lator to work first. Then, deal with thefront end, driver amp or Whatever'sleft. Once you know you have the re­quired Signals ready 10 go, it should bea simple matter to hook it all up with amixer and an amplifier, or Whateverelse is required. I know, famous lastwords. It never works out that way,does it?

II it's a log ic circuit, you probablyhave an input of som e kind whichmust be conditioned before its levelswil l match the log ic dev ice's. Withstandard CMOS, the level isn't as criti­cal as it is with LSm and other volt­age-sensitive logiC lam ilies_ ~t. youmay still need an amplifier stage ortwo, or pefhaps some clipplng diodes.to get things to match up. I l ind thatlogic gadgets usually must be ce­signed lrom input to output. becauseeach slage influences the next in waysI jusl can' Simulate: I need the previ­ous stage to won< oul lhe nelCl one.

Nectttrne. weu take a look at someactuat decisions you might make reogarding choice 01 components and en­cuil configurat ions. Unti l then, keepplaying, and 73 de KB1UM. Iii

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73 AmateurRadiO Today· september, 1994 69

73 INTERNATioNAt~"

Arnie Johnson NIBAC43 Old Homestead Hwy.N. Swanzey NH 03431

Notes from FN42As I am work.ing on this cotumn. the

Wor1d Cup Soccer matches are beingtelevised. I'm trying to figlJfB out whiChis more distracting. /he TV Of the inlor­mafion providad by yo ur Hembas­sadors. But, somehow. I will surviveand finish thiscolumn.

Also this month. Ihs first of the las ttIW installments from Oavid Cowhig. 73Hambassador to Okinawa. We wi" cer­tainly miss his personal observationsfrom the beautifUl island of Okinawa,bu1 aner a t1ip bacIf to IIJe U.S. lor con­sunsuons in Wasllington, D.C.• andsome home leave, he wilt mo\119 to Tai­wan and win continue his submiSSiOnSfrom there_ Ha.-e a great break, David.you deserve it! Note David's new sa­dt8ss!

Also with Oavid in mind, I was sur­prised to see one gentleman 'S namementiCmed twice as I was working onthe cotumn, in two differenl conlaxls .Masa)OSlII E~sawa JA 1DM, IARU Lia;'

son Officer and Director-General of;ARL, sent a FAX concerning new Ire-­quencles In Japan, and lhen DavidCowhig mentioned lhat he met MasawtlefI Oavid viSi led JARL Hea(1quarlers.

Masa gave David one 01 his cardswhiCh is .-ery special. It Is one of Hoku­sai's 36 views 01 Mt. Fuji. It is beingprinted in the column for your enjoy­- ,

Neld month, completion of David'sand Rick. Nul's arllcles, mora informa­tion Irom s m Meara in the DominicanRepublic. Loroie Gaslon in the Phill~

pines, and other info from around the

""~.Its now time 10 gef on wit/l 1f18 greaf

news provided by some of yrxJf Ham·bassadors. Without furth er ado, 73,Arnie NtSAC.

Round up

Ja~n FAX from The Japan AmateurRadio League, Inc. (JARL}: I am mostpleased 10 announce that on May 20.1994, the Japanese Ministry 01 Poslsand Telec1)mmunieal ions has officiaRygiven permission lor use of the follow·Ing frequency: 3,747·3,754 kHz. It is tobe noted therefore that the lollowing

segments can now be used wilhin the3.5 MHz band, by Japanese raoe ama­leurs: 3.500-3.575 kHz. 3.747·3,754kHz. and 3.791-3,805 kHz.

We ask all amateurs the world over,from now on, 10 please walch lor JA'Snew band: 3,747-3,754 kHz. Masa Ebi­sawa JA1DM , IARU liaison Officer.(JAR/., PO Box 3n, Tokyo Central PostOfflce, 100-91, Japan; Tel: +81-3-5385­3106; FAX:+81~82.1

"alays~ Downloaded from packet,from 9M2SS via VK2AGE:

LATEST UPDATE SEANET 94Z2ND SEANET CONVENTION 11 ·1 3NOYEM6ER. 19'94VENUE: O"VILLAGE RESORT, MAlACCA(MALAYSIA)WELCOME TO SEANET '9~ IN HISTORICIAAlACCA IALSO SPELT MELAKA). IT ISOUR PLE AS URE TO INVITE AND WEL·COME YOU TO SEANET '94 AS WEU. ASTO FASCINAT ING MALAYSIA. WE HOPEYOUR fIARTlCIPATION IN SEANET '94 ANDYOUR VISIT TO MALAYSIA DURING VISITUALAVSIA YEAR 199~ WILL B E MOSTMEMORABLE AND CHERISHED HIG H­LIGHT OF THE YEAR FOR YOU.CONVENTION REGISTRATION FEE FORSEANET '94 IS RI,Il60 PER PERSON.- N¥)

INCLUDES CITY TOUR AND t.IOST MEALS.EXCLUDING TRANSFER FROM AIRPORTIHOTEljAIRPORT,~TION REGISTRATION:OFFICIAl HOTEL D' VILLAGE RESORT. AV·ER KERCH. 754SO MAlACCA ACCOMOOA­TION: MOTEL CHALET RMICO STANDARDCHALET RM l 30 SUITE CHALET RM160SINGLE/DOUBLE. ALL ROQuS ARE AIR

CONDI TIONED. RATES OUOTED AR E INMALAYSIAN RINGGIT V~M ) AND IS ON APER NIGHT BASIS INClUSIVE Of SERVICECHARGE. GOVERNMENT TAX AND TWOBREAKFAS TS. ALL PAYMENTS INMALAVSIAN RIN GGIT (RM) N.B. EX·CHANGE RATE IN MAV '9~ IS APPAQXI·MATELV US 1 • Rt.l2.71.MODE OF PAYMENT: MONEV ORDERIBANK DRAFTIBANKER'S DRAFT IN THENAME OF "MART5-SEANErCONVENTION PROGRAtMoIE:FRlDAV.NCN 11SEANET "9ot REGISTRATION 10m .-5 PU.OFFICIAL lAUNCH BV THE RIGHT HONOR·A8LE CHIEF MINISTER OF UAUCCA WITHA GRANO WELCOME DINNE R SPON­SORED BV THE MALACCA STATE GOV·ERNMENT. PARTICIPANTS WIll ALSO BETREATED TO A CULTURAL SHOWSATURDAV. NCN 12THE PROGRAMME WlLl INClUOE A co­OUcrED TOUR OF HISTORIC U"LACCA,SHOPPING TRI PS FOR SPOUSESICHIL·OREN OF PARTICIPANTS AND TECHNICALSESSION FOfI SEANET '94 PARTICIPANTS­A BANQUET IS SLATED FOR THE NIGHTWITH SING·ALONG AND LUCKY DRAWSESSION,SUNDAY, NCN 13A f'LEttAAY SESSION HOSTED BV UARTSWILL BE HELD IN THE u ORN ING. THEVENUE fOfI SEANET ~ WILl BE OEClD­EO AT THIS SESSION, THERE wru, BE AFAREWELL LUNCH BEFORE HOST BIOS'SELAM Ar JALAN' IFAREWELLj TO ALLPARTIC IPANT S. DUR ING THE CON VEN­TION U ARTS WI LL OPERATE STATIONWlTl1 A CAlLSIGN llMOSEA.ARRIVING M ALACCA: THERE ARE NOSCHEOULEDCOM~RCIAL FlIGHTS HTQ

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70 73 Amateur Radio Today . September, 1994

Photo A OSL card of Masayoslli Ebisawa JA IDM. Direc/()(-Generalof the JARL.

THE CITY OF MALACCA. ARRIVALS INTOl.lALACCA VIA THE MALAYSIAN CAPITALCIT Y O F KUALA LUM PUR (KL l IN THENORTH AND SINGAPORE IN THE SOUTHARE BY THE EXCELLENT AND SCENICNORTH·SOUTH PLUS EXP RESSWAY.ROAD TRAVEL TIME FROM KL IS ABOUT 2HOURS (200 KM) AND FROM SlNGAPOAE• HOURS ("00 KM). A SUITABLE TRANS·FER FROM KL AIRPORTIHOTEL WILL BEARRANGED PROVIOEO ADVANCED INFOR­MATION IS SUPPUEO. GROUP TRAVEL ISENCOURAGED. COST OF TRANSFER ISON PARTICIPANTS ACCOUNT.MALAYSIAN AIRLINE IS THE OFFI CI ALCARRIER, SPECIAL FARES AVAILABLEFOR REGISTEREO PARTICIPANTS BEFORESEPTEMBER IS. ALL CORREsPONDENCETO; SANGAT SINGH. 9U2SS. ORGANISINGSECRETARY. SEANET '9. SECRETARIAT,11 1 JLN. TER ASEK LAPAN, BA NGSARBAAU. 59100 KUALA LUMPUR IMALAYSlAf.CONTACT NlJMBERS , TELEPHONE: (603)

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Switzerland Press release from In­terna liOfUJI Telecommunica tion Union(IW ): Study GrOtJp 14 01 the ITU decid­ed to adopt a new standard for tuturehigh-speed modems. This adoptiOn wiltgiYe a go-ahead SigfICIl to the industry10 offer new prOducts using high perfof­mance data t ransfer technology. Thenew standard wiU be called V.34 andwlU surpass the curre nt technologyused in data translet' via traditional tele­phone lines.

V.34 future modems will tranSfer da­ta al speeds lwice the current iecnncic­gy, thus the nickname V.fas l . Thesenew modems witl have variable datatra nsmission capacity ranging I ro m2, 400 bit/second all the wa y up to28,800 bilstsecond. The new modemswill use a lealure called ' ine probing·that will allOw mceems to identify thecapacities and Quality 01 the phone lineand aojust themselves to allow, for eachindiyldual connection, lor maximumthroughput using the highest possibledata transmiSsion rete. In addition. the

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V.34 will not only Ioster worldwideconnectivity due to lts adaptive capaci­ties. but w~l enlarge the market oppor­lunities in areas which lace poor tele­phone line Quality.

AI the same meeting. a standard­Reco mmendation vts-cwes alec ap­proved. which will provide. lor the hrsttime. recognition 01 thlI comfTUlicationneeds of the deaf and hard-of-hearing.

This aeccemeoceroo. with its ceceou­ty to interwork with all existing devices.provides the platform on which a uni­versal standard communication devicecan be buiit.

The follo wing is f rom the I TUNewsJener: TELECOM is the "Olympics01' telecommunications: held every fouryears by the ITU. an is the largest eeentol ltlis type in the world.

TELECOM 9 5 will take place inGenova lrom 3-11 October 1995 andwtn comprise an Exhibition and BookFair. Strategies Summit, and Teetmob­gy Summit.

The theme 01 the Technology sen ­mit is -Convergence 01 technologies.serviCes and applications: Papers areinvited to locus on applying technologyand creating epotcetons in this cross­sectolia' environment. {ITU. Place desNations. C~12" aer- 20. Switzer­land.}

T.lwan FAX from Chinese TaipeiAmaleur Radio League (CTARL): Weare very pleased to announce lhal onJuly 1. 1994. the ChiooS8 Taipei Min­istry 01 Posts and Telecommunicalionshas ol l icially given permission for theuse 01 the lo ll owing uequencses:3.500.0-3.512.5 kHz & 3.550.0-3.562.5kHz; 18.0680-18.0805 MHz & 18.1100­18.1225 MHz; 24.8900-24.9025 MHz &24 .9300-24 .9 425 MHz ; 50.0000 ·50.0125 MHz a 50,1100-50.1225 MHz.

All amateur radio stalions over the

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73 Amateur RadiO Today· secterroer, , 994 71

world, Irom now on, please watcn lorthese BVs new bands. Thanks lor yourattention. Best 73 de Bolon Lin. BV5AF.PreSident of CTARL ICTARL HO. POBox 39. Changhua 500. Taiwan; Tet:+(886)-4-7388746; FAX: +(886}-4 ­7385441.]

PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC OF CHINARidl NuiBZ10LRoom 3 16 BuikJing 25Tsinghua UnMtrsityBeijing 100084People's Republic 01 ChinaPacM/: BYIQH tI JA5TX.JPNAS

Ham radio on Be ij ing TV: A 25­minute EngliSh language television pro­gram about amatew radio and the Ts­inghua University Amateur RadiO Club(TUARC) was aired on Beijing Televi­sion (BlY) February 20. ThiS may havebeen Ihe very 'irst l ime in China tnatour hobby was inlroduced 10 the gener­al public via a noted TV slation. Four ofme club members-Nicll , Gray. John,and seao-eso a super job in the shoWwhi le Rick was behind l11e scene as anassislant d irector. Thanks to SamN3NFK tor a videOtape of reference.

BT 2000B J a SLI ; Al last, all thestadled BT2000BJ OSL cards wefe sefllout in the lirsl week in April !rom TUARC.Again, we deeply apologize lor such an·unbearabl e" delay. By the way, theBY1QH cal/book OSL route stiU workspeI1ect: PO Bole 2654. Beijing. China.

Wann. have a " BY" license? Re­quesled by acne some amateurs inler­ested in obtaining a BY license duringtheir stay in China. we've gotten the to!­lowing paragraph abridged from ChinaHam News 15 Jan 1994. Hope it getsmore propagaled and makes somesense.

"The Peop le's Bepubuc 01 Ch inaSports CommissiOn issued an fmpcr­tent lormal file regarding Amateur ae­diO In China on December 29, 1993, es­tablishing a brand-new set 01 regula­tions for foreign amateurs who wouldlike to obtaln tentalive liCenses to oper­ate 'rom BY ... According to the Gov­ernment document. 1) PriOr 10 the es­tablishment of Amateur Radio recipro­cal agreements be tween China andother countries. a foreign amateur. Whewishes to operate trom a BY station,sho ul d send to the Chinese Rad ioSports AssociatiOn (CRSA) a Iormallet­tar of applicatlon where a copy 01 bothhis home country license and hiS pass.port is enclosed. along with clear de­scr~liOn eocct why and when he visitsChina. and on what modes, Irom whichQTH and from whiCh station he wantsto operate. This appIicabon shoulcl bedirecled to CRSA, PO Box 6106. Bei­jing, three months prior to the trip. andis charged live US dollars or 20 IRCsfor return postage and other relevanlcosts. A Ioreign ham is then permittedto operate from the place (s ) orstalion(s) specified by the lentabve r..cense confirmed. signed and sent byCRSA. The calls ign pattern is: (yourhome call)f(the BY stalion call) . e.g.OJ7BUIBYtOH . Thi s regulation alsoapplies to tncse !tom Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan,"

Right now a home station. underwhatever circumstances. is still not per­milled lor a Ioreign amatel,ll' In China.With a close connection with CRSA ,TUARC otters 10 help you handle all thelicense affa;~ at no additional chargepr ovided you send all the requiredrtems to the airmail address (Attn: RiCkNui) al the beginning of this article.

Ham made i t! Congratu lations 10Ridl ez10L on be ing elected among

over 10,000 students as one 01 the "TopTen Student Elites of TSinghua Univer­sllY- because of his hard work andmany achievements In the amateur ra­dio area. Mr. Wu ShCIozu, General Sec­retary 01 China's National Sports Com­miSsion as well as a wholehearted sup­porter for ham radio development, waspresent In the awarding ceremony.

OKINAWADavid CCwhig WA1LBPA/TTAIPEIDepartmentof Statewashington D.C.

The JARL Museum and the offices01 CO Ham Radio and Ham Journalwefe the highlights 01 my June trip 10Tokyo. Mamoru Fujimuro JA1FC man­ages the fine ham history coIeclion atthe JARL Museum (Tel: (03) 5395­3121) ic eeteo Just 100 meters fromSugamo train station. The JARL muse­um has a wonderful collection of earlyham radio equipment. After ham radioopened up in Japan in 1950 near theend of the U.S. occupation, the equip­ment of the typ ical Japanese ha mevolved from home-brew 10 HalliCtaftel$equipmenl produced in Japan under li­ce nse a nd then to 'rue and otherJapanese brands by the tate 195Os.Many Japanese hams still drea m 01owning Collins equipment which still en­joys a reputation lor very high qua~1y inJapan. FujimOnJ-san told me that atopthe grave 01 Uda, inventor oIl11e Vag..u sa direclional antenna, somewhere inthe Tokyo region, sits a Yagl-Uda anten­na' u ca was the inYentor, Vagi was hisfamous professor who helped promotethe new lype ot directional antenna Inthe scientific world.

The JAAL Internation al s eeueewould ~ke 10 help hams from any coen-

try get a Japanese ham license lor theirstay in JapaIl. Wrile 10 the JARL Inter­nanonat section, 14-2 Sugamo, 1­chrome, Toshima·ku, Tokyo 170, Japan.FAX: 81-3 -3943-8282. Internat iona lSectiOn manager, Jay Oka. who holdsboth JAHRC and KH2J invites you touse his E-mail address: rdg02524 0ni1tyserve.or.p .

Japane se ha m magazine g iantsMasao Hamada JH1ISF (Ham JOUfna~.

Shigekl Hosono 7L1FPO (CO Ham Ra­dio), and amateur cartoorKsl-but-proles­SiOnaH\am editor Shirj(;hi Ogushi "Oxy"JH60 DK, and COMPUS ERVE101113.1763 (Transistor Technology)taught me about the Japanese hamworld over sushi and beer. CO HamRadio is a telephone-tlook size monthlyham magazine, Ham Journal aims athams who want to master the latestcommunicalions technologies. andTransistor Technology chooses eachmonth an area to ellplore in depth suchas analog lechnology. computer inter­tacing, Z·BO microproce ssor appl ies­nons. and current Irends in electronics.(All mese Japane se language maga­zines are available overseas throughJapan IPS. lidabashi 3-11-6. Chyoda­ku, Tokyo 102, Japan).

several hours wandering through theTokyo electroniCS diStriCt 01 Akihabararevealed that IBM-PC standard compuI.ers running Japanese language DOSare becoming very popular in Japan.Hardware prices are taling tast and soare hobby computing and home multi­media computer systems, hereloloremuch less popular in Japao thai In theUnited Stale s. is growing very rapidly.Japanese PC-DOS loads Ionls lor thekana syllabary and about 5000 kanji in­to memory to make possible Japaneselanguage text processing. IA'1icIB con­tinuea next monrh.-AmiB] iii

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73 Amateur Radio Tooay e September. 1994 73

but not perfect . I eyed the back end ofour old bam across the road . There'sroom lor a studio there. So one 01 myemploJ'8es who was into carpenteringgot tog ethe r with his brot her a nd$75,000 later we had one of the niceststudiOS in the country. I hope you cansee it some time, it's a beauty.

I'd discOllered a Vermont bluegrassband which I liked, so we recordedthem. And they'd been visiting RuSSiaand met a Russian bluegrass group inMoscow. The tape was great, so whenthey decided to come tc America lor atour I got them to come to my studio,where we reco rded Kukuruza. Theyplay RuSSian blk music in the Ameri­can bluegrass style.

As we started makin g more CD swe esccveree the obvious: The moreyou ma ke, the lower the price. So westanec making CDs lor other indieS tobuild up our volume. Belore long wewere cranking out 100,000 and moreCDs a month. and had made them lorover a thousand indies. 'rnet's howthings like this get out of hand,

Since we had the mastering facili­ties and the publishing ability to turncot me ~ner notes. we were all set 10do CDs lor the indies at greal prices.Plus we had the ability to provide themwith a free ad In CD Review, thushelping make a couple hundred trou­sand music buyers aware of it. plus 8

free ad in Music Retailing, a publica­lion 01 mine which reacneo everyknown record store in the country.

I don't know how much a ll thishelped , but indie sates lor some rea­son went in three years from 4% of themarket to 12%, a gain of about $800million in sales.

NEVER SAY DIEContinued from page 4conference in New Orleans in 1989Sherry and I were returning lale onenight from a riverboat Jazz concert andhappened to pass a grungy lillie bar.The door was open and out tinkledsome Scott Joplin music. I sloppedSherry and said we had to go in andueten A couple 01 Cokes and hoursrerer I was talking with Scoll KirbyabOut recording him. SCott was playingJoplin the way I had been hearing it inmy mind. He was a 24-year-old gradu­ale of OSU and was making his livingplaying ragtime on the New Orleansstreets wilh an upright pi an o on.-...

So Kirby came to New Hampshire alew weeks lale r. She rry located aSteinway grand in a Pete rboroug hchurch. l.uc:kily I had a recording engi­neer on my stafl, so we set up in lhechurch and recorded my first GreenerPastures Records CO. This was GPR­001. and it's sold wry _II. Very wellfor an independenlly produced CO.The si ~ major record companies had.at that time. 96% of all music sale s.wilh Ihe other 4% shared by around15,000 independents, 'roars a lot ofslices from a pretty small pie. Moslrecord stores won't bother dealillQ withthe indies, as Ihey're called . Too mucht~. And l3diO statiOns play majorlabel stutt almost e_dusively, so thepUblic ocesn't even know about Indiemusic.

Someone ought to do somelhingaboullhal.

Then. the next year I was asked togive a keynote talk at an Jndie musicconference in New Orleans. The moreI talked with the indies the more I lelt Irniiftt be able to help. I slarled by set- Cold Fusionting up a credit bureau to help the in- A couple years ago the governordies find out whiCh 0 1 the hundredS of called and asked if I'd be a member 0 1

music distributors were paying and an Economic Development Commis-which were screwing their customers. I $iOn and try 10 help the state recoverdid f ind a few that adually were pay- Irom the rec ession. Indeed. I founding. But the music business is about as that New Hampshire had been hit thecrooked as they come. Indies essen- worst of all states, with our unemcroy-tially have to sell everything on con- ment rate going Irom around 2% tosignment and trust Distr ibutors then over 7% , with banks closing by Ihetry, though not very hard, to get the dozens, property priCes crashing, andmusic into record stores. The stores so on. It was a mess.are supposed 10 pay alter they sell the As e member of the CommissiOn Irn.Jsic. but in practice most of 'em 0Il1y Iound thatlhe meetings with 30 peoplepay when they have to re-order. The were useless. Nothing could get donedistributOl' holds OIltO most of this mon - or even discussed, SO I started Writingey, just in case he gets retu rns later reports on what I'd discovered as a re-and the record company has disap- suit of subcommittee meetings andpeered by then, whiCh many do. reading Ihe recommended books. 1

The next thing I knew I was setting found out what had gone wrong withup a distribution company (Creative New Hampshire and oltered some in-Music Markelingl and a mail order di- expenalve. practical proposals lor qet-visiOll which specia lized in Illdie mu- ling out 01 the mess. I looked Into oursic. By then I'd recorded a couple school system, taxes. crime. dru gs,more CDs of SCott playing Joplin's mu· and so 011. I found that we'd be able tosic, and graduafed from the church, cut our school costs in about hail, yetwhere we had to record after midnight enormously improve the education ourto avoid lruck noises from the street, kids were gelling. I discovered a wayto a makeshift studiO in my garage at we could get our stale bureaucraciesthe farm . Well, il was lairty Quiet there, to happily cut themselves in halt withinexcept lor the ducks and geese com- three years, I thought up a way to cutmentillQ 011 seen's playing. the costs 01 our prisons by 90%. while

We'd located a couple fabulous old providing untimited prison space andpianos for secu which Knud Kell er actually re-educate and motivate theKV4 GG, an old Iriend , had retur- prisoners. Things like that,btshed. The garage was pretty good, No one cared.

74 73 Amateur Radio Today· Septem ber, 1994

I put the lirst year 01my reports outin a book which I've been hawking:We The People Declare War On Ourl ousy Governmenf. It was $16 Withshipping. I still have a few lelt, so youcan have a ropy of this 3W.pager for$10 postpaid. while they last. You'. ell­pyil

As I looked Into health care I foundthere were a whole bunch 01 ways ourmedical establishment was screwingup. Our beann system is being drtYenby the leoeral government. and that isbolh increasing our costs enormously.and keeping us from benefitting Iromnew developments. I could see wherewe could expect to be almost illoess­tree within a lew yea rs if only the med­ical establishment, controlled by thepharmaceu tical industry. would allowthe needed research. They were busydiscovering chemicals to fight theresults of illne ss, and refusillQ to letanyone go alter the causes.

In 1989 I read about Pons andFleiSChmann announcing Ihey'd dis­covered a new socrce of energy. Coldfusion. Then came a deluge 01ridiculeand cold fusion disappeared. on. Iread in the Rensselaer Polytec hnicInstitut e newspaper that a team ofstudents had checked it out and hadgenerated excess heal, j ust asclaimed by Pons and Fleischm ann.Then the August 1993 issue 01~lar SCience had an article saying thatmany labs around the world had vati­dated lhe phenomenon, but that ourDepartment of Energy (DOE) had pro­hibited any America n labs I rom re­searching it. Apparently most 01 thework was now being done in Japan,Just what we needed. to lose out onwhat could be the biggest new indus­try in a hundred yea rs.

Then I was contacted by K5CB,who was funding ENECO, a companyinvesting In cold fusion patent applica­ti ons and righlS. He wondered II Imight be interested In starting a maga­zine. What a dumb question. Havingheiped cellular telephones become anindustry, then personal corrccters andcompact discs. 0 1 course I was inter­ested.

tn December I attended the FourthInternational Cold Fusion Conference011 Maul. Yes, , chealecl and wenl afew days earty so I could visit all si_major islands and go divillQ and ham­ming on the m. For my birthday inSeplember I'd visited 11 Caribbeancountries and dived most of them .Hammed 'em too.

The fir st issue of "Cold Fusion"came out in April. 'res. cold luSiOll isreal. And yes, the American scientifiCestablistlmenl is still fighing and ridi­culing it. So what's new? I don't thinkyou can pctnt to any majo r scientrncbreak-Ihrough that hasn't beenridiCUled and resiSled by the establish­ment. And the media. As Ma_ Planck(Quantum mechanics) said, "A newscientilic \ruth does not triumph byconvincing its opponents and makingthem see the light, but rather becauseit s opponents eventually die and anew generation grows up that is famil­iar with it."

so today we have Pons and Flets­etvnann aver near Nice 011 the FrenchRiviera in a $25 million lab built lorthem by Toyo la . We have theJapanese investing tens to hundredsof millions in new hydrogen energy re­search. as they call cold fuSion. Andhere we have a physics professor inVernon, Texas generating excess heatin his home lab, Whi le our universitiesare wasting billiOns 011 hot lusion,

The advertising support lor the newmagazine has been much less thanhoped lor, so we'll be changing to anewsletter lormal until the field get sout of the laboratory and starts to be­come an industry. The main thing is lOprov ide communication 10 help re­searchers progress.

From everything I've seen we wiltbe seeing the end of the lossil fuelage very soon. No l"n:lre gas statiOns.No mo re power lines goiog ac rossthe country. No more acid rain andpollution from our cars. I'm getting 011

in years. but I hope 1'\1 live to see ithappen.

I started out in the roaring '20s.lived throogh Ihe great depression orthe '305. Foughl in the war 01the '405.It's been quite a life.

SO now 73 is enlering its 35th yearand I'm entering my 73rd year. I'vetried to make 73 Ihe ham magazineyou like best. I watch the reaoer camsfM)ty monlh to see how much you likewhat. and we're guided by that. I amworried about amateur radio survivingthe '90s. WIth the FCC starling to takeour most valuable future frequenciesaway and alJction them oil, I can seethe handwriting. Sure. we COuld easilybecome so valuable to ou r countrythat we wouldn'l have 10 worry. but Isee almost zero interest from anyone10 make changes . We 're havi ng agreat parry and don 't want to worry. Iwatch my ma il. I read every clubnewsletter I get I keep hoping to seesome interest in preserving our M ure.I see nothing. Don't worry l Have lun!The party is never going 10 end.

I hope I'm not a bore when I nag,tr ying to get you to go out and dothing,. I've been trying to convinceyou to quit smoking , drinking, andover-eating ••. not for my good, butlor yours. I've been trying to gel you tothiok and be active ... 10 read maga·zines and books, to go into businessfor yourself as an entrepreneur somoney won't be as much of a problem.Most of my life I haven't had muchmoney, but I've never cared. And whenI do have it I mostly spend it puttingother people into business.

I IoYe il when I meet hams who tellme thai I've had a positive inlluenceon their liveS. II everyone would makean eHort to move the world ahead Justa little instead 01 taking a free ride.we'd gradually see Illings getting bet­ter. I don' t Ihink we're seeing that. Ilook back on what I've accomplished,not so much 10 brag or e_aggerate myinnuence, but 10 say, hey, you can doanything I'w done. .....51 try.

The cellular telephone industry wasinevitable, but I think I helped speedIts arrival. Ditto the personal computer,

whe n I lelt hungry, aU I'd have 10 dowas drink ete t soda pop. Hey, coolstuff! They were using saccharine tomake the junk taste sweet in thosedays. I bought a lew half-gallons 01 c»­et soda and got going on my new diet.And II worked, I didn't feel hungry afterchugalugging the no-cal QOOP.

Theo, along about the third day 01the diell rctcec thaI it was getting dil­ficultto read the print in pocket books.Hmm, The next day typewriter typewas ge"ing luzzy. By the filth day theheadlines were blur ring oul. Time tostop an tres before I go blind, When Istopped drinking Ihe no-cal stuff myeyes slopped gelling worse, but theydidn1 gel beUer either. ThaI's when Igot my first pair 01 glasses. That wasabout 25 years ago and my eyes 1'lBY­

er got any better, so I've been a pris­oner of reading glasses ever since,

At lhe l ime I wrole about my experi­ence in my edi1orial. It was timely be­cause a couple months later there wasa big ross about the damage that sac­charine could do and it pretty muchwas phased oul as a sweetener.

The eye doctors aa explained that iIwas just me gelling older lhal mademe need glasses. Yeah? So how didalllhis happen in live days? Some dayI suppose we 'll l ind oul that the sac­charine makers knew about all thisand kepi il a secret. Meanwhile I'vebeen a little leery of subsl itule chemi­cals. Some day we may learn lhal Nu­I ri -Sweet a lso ca n produce healthproblems and the manufacturers knewiI. Serves us righl lor' t rying 10 chealMother Nature (aka God),

Anyway, spend the lousy live bucksand get some glasses once you l indyour arms getting short Of" my eorco­als in too fine a print to read comlorl­ably. II's bad enough that I lill mree orlour pages with my mice-type stutt, ilwe printed it In Iype-Ior,the.{)lind it'd filleight to 10 pages and we'd have toch ange it to Unc le Wayne 's Tr iviaMagazine.

Oh yes, I solved my tat problem bylaking off 85 pounds over a seven­month period and then changing myeating habils. I haven't had to metmuch Since then, and thai was over 20years ago.

One more glasses hint: They're allput together with li"le screws whicheventually start unscrewing and fallingoul. Most 01 the time you can lind thetiny screw and put It back in again. Ith ink they use screws because thi Storces so many people to g o to agla sses store lo r me repair. Well ,mere's a way to end that frustratiOn,The next l ime a screw pops out. leaveIt lay and replace it wilh a short lengtho f paper clip wire , c rimped e t meends. It isn1 elegant. but il1I never fa~

out. You've got some diagonals andc rq-ncsed pliers whiCh will do the jobIn a minute.

and the compact disc, Now I'm tryingto Jump-start me COld fusiOl1 industry,plus get the word outlhal AIDS is cur­able, even in its late stages.

I wish I had more time 10 write, I'vegotten tons more things to write. 1"11listsome 01 the stuff I've gol ccoe in Un­cle Wayne's 8ookshelI.

Now and then a reader cornerssomeone who 's worked lor me andwants to know what the real WayneGreen is like, There are no hiddenagendas, What you're reading is just~ke talking with me,~ fof some rea­son you don't bother 10 talk back, Well,write. No tapes, ounreeze. Gawd, Iha te g etting c bat tv cassettes. O rphone calls. Hey, my ottler ene is ring­ing, gotta go.

Solving the Code Problem

The Interna tional Telecommunica­tions UniOn (11'V) requires a knowedgeof Morse code lor our ham license s.Their rules don1 say anything whalev­er about 10 words per minute or 13, oreven 20. Just a knowledge, So whyare we bealing ourselves over Ihehead wittl a lead pipe over this thing?

The fact 01 the matter is that even aserra-nreto-oeao <tweet> can learn metenere. numbers and punctuation inabout an hour. I learned 'em one nightas a kid in about a hall hou r wtIi le Iwas getting dressed in my Boy SCoutuniform lor a Troop 34 me eting inBrooklyn. Once you know the charac­ters, you can .copy" al five words perminule. All you have 10 do, as r ve ex­plained several times before, is writedown me dots and dashes, which issimple to do al Ihal stupid speed ,Then you can decipher 'em in yourown sweel time. There 's no time limit011 the ham exams. II a VEe tries torush you, report him for speeding .

So, u Ihe encrusted old-timers inour hobby , , , lor instance the oneswho dominale the ARRL board , , . in­set 011 keeping the ecoe as part Of thelicense test, set's at least get it down tofive-per lor all license classes so new­comers can get iI out of the way withan hours work, From there OIl , il it'stun to use, we" use it.

But do you have any leverage onthe ARRL ctrectcrav You bel yoursweet blppy you do, Their manlra Is tojoin lhe l eague so you can have avoice. As with most Ihings we hearlrom officialdom, the exact ccooeee istrue. As soon as they have your mon­ey, your leverage is zi lch. The onl ypower you have wilh the League iswhen you wi lhhold yo ur -dues.- 1Ienough people renrse to be merrbersI guarantee you'll see an emergencyboard meeting and a last change 01policy. I know 01 no other way you caninfluence mese old turkeys . I knowmany 01 these guys and I'll tell yotJ

righl now tnet most 01 them hold themembers in contempt. It 's the non­members that worry them. Makeseoser

There iSn't OI1e major problem withamateur rad io today that couldn't besolved il l he directors gave a hoo tabout the hobby. They talk lhe talk, butttley don1 walk the walk . Meanwhile

our growth Is Slow, our bands a mess,and lhe FCC Is auct iOning oil our mostvaluable yoet unused Irequencies,

Read the Fine Print

I could hardly believe my earsrOnlyOI1e parson at the recent Dallas Ham­lest said anything about how smaa theprinl is in my editorials . Now, just incase this has been annoying you, letme explain,

When anyone says anything aboutthe smalt print the first thing I 00 iswh ip out the glasses Irom my Shirtpodce!. II you $hOp around a little, all ittakes is rive lousy bucks and you'll beable 10 read the fine print as easily as Ido. The discount stores have readingglass specials every now and then. Ireally hale payin g $ 12 lor readingglasses when they sell them for 55 ev­ery so otten.

Oh. il looII me a while to l igure outthe glasses con. When I suddenly lostmy eyesight, I wenl to an eye doc andwent the usual route . Two hundredbucks lor a pair 01 nice glasses. Holyzorch! And 01 course I kepi droppingthem every lime I leaned oYer to pick~ a penny, ever in search 01that elu­siva good luck. And this scratched thelenses. Or I'd sil on 'em when theywere on the bed. Or step on 'em whenIgot out 01 bed.

All that gol expensive lor a seven­generation skinflint 01 Scolch ancestry.Then I discovered that I could gel thesame glasses in Hong Kong for only$ 100, complete with automatic dark­ening tenses when I was in the sun,The glasses stores lhere even have amach ine that check s your eyes loryour prescription, I was getting over toHong Kong every year leading a 9roUfl01 etectrorsc business people to theyearly erectrcmcs shows in Tokyo orOsaka. Seoul, Taipei, and Hong Kong(we had two to th ree hundred goingover lor the two.week lour every Octo­ber) so I had no problem getting bar­gain glasses,

Then I read somewhere that thosereading glasses in discount stores arejust as good, so I t ried a pair. My eyesneeded +2.5 to bring everything intolocus. These days iI's +3.0 lor readingand +2.0 for the larlher-away comput­er work . At live bucks, il l step 011 'em,il's no big deal. Crunch. Actually, Sincethey're made o f plast ic, it doesn' tseem 10 hurt 'em.

Anyway, wh en you get older youreyes need some help, or you needlonger arms.

II you're a new reader, you don'tknow the story 0 1 how I lost my eye­sight. I lost It all et once. Betore that I'dalways had exceptional vision. I couldread ttle gag business cards with one­point type. I could read signs twobIod<s away that were a blur to every­one else. Then il happened.

In my teens I bloated up and gotlat. And I stayed lat. despite heroiCdieting efforts. The old seesaw 01 "'lose20 pounds, gain 25.- I dieled. I fasted.My weight went up and down , butmore up than down. So one day I readabout this great new diet where I couldconcentra te on eating prcrern. And

input 01 coffee, Danish, burgers, Illes,malts, and COca Cola . Despite a lack01 exercise, tons 01 beer and pretzels,a lack ol sleep, an ungodly intake 01chemica ls via food preservatives, yourwater supply (Which brings you Iluo­ride, chlorine, lead, etc.) and pharma­ceuticals, Even highly addictive anddestructive drugs Such as alcohol.nicotine, cocaine, and so on. It keepsgoing even when deprived al the ultra­violet lighl it was designed to need,and in the presence of electromagnet­ic: fields which interfere with !tie abikty01' its ceas to communicate. II does itsbest to keep going despile steady lnfu­sions 01 deadly poisons such as mer­cury, silver, and nickel via denial 1iI1·ings. Even with all these destructivethings mosl bodies are able 10 keepgoing lor 50-60 years , a demonstration01 Ihe incredible repair system whiChis bui lt In.

Sure, there are some genetically io­nuenced repair problem5 wtIiCh resuain lowe red ceooemerce. Bul most ofthese can be avoided il me occupantobserves known heallh rules.

Oh, we know we'l live longer andhealthier il we eat right avoid drugs,exercise, get enough sleep. keep ourstress to a minimum, and drink eightglasses 01 water a day. We koow it, butwe keep pullIng all thai a ll until tomor­row ... the lomorrow that doesn1 BV9r

quile come.We know now tha t we can have

healthier, more intelligent. and bailerkids if we give them a good start. Andthat means not SCfflwing up our spermand ova with drugs or magnetic fieldsbe fore co nception. II means beingcareful during pregnancy of magneticlields, ealing righi, aVOiding drugs andother chemicals, and avoiding stressor physica l pain 10 the fetus.

We know that we've really screwedup the lirst year ollile lor mosl childrenby separating the baby l rom the rT'X)th·er. We know thai lew 01our enao-cerefacil ities are worth Ihe powder 10 blowthem to hell. We know that our schoolsare a major orsaste r. And we knowwhal damage mosl last food does 10bodies, yet lhere we are, at McDon·aid's, queuing up at the counter, andnot lor their salads, either.

When we're young we think we'reimmortal. When we gel older and, In 8

lew lara cases, wiser, rt's too late, Yes,ii's difficun to know what's best to do.We have the cigarelle co mpa nieslelling us how wonderful their productis. and that they've seen no evidencemat convinces them that smoking isharmlul. We have an encIess bunch 0 1people selling ba loney erets. cures,and nostrums. We koow we can'ttrustthe goverrvnent 00 anything, so wherecan we tum tor information Of" help?

Our lives are f~1ed with religion, 001games, soap operas. and "news- pro­grams, helping us pass the time untilour lou sy dte t. stress. or perhaps

Dear Occupant; spending too many hours too close to)bur body is designed with remark- our li near amplifier wh isk us on 10

able restorative powe rs. It's enormous- whatever next world awaits . Repe ntlIy over-cesiq neo lor survival, II's able Well, al leasl patronize that marvelousto keep going and repairing itsell fairly Wendy's salad ba r more often. andwell despite constant high stress. an hold the bJsy toes. III

73 Amateur Radio Today · September, 1994 75

SPECIAL Eviiiis"'''''''' ''''Ham Doings Around the World

Lislings are Iree ofcharge as space permits. Please send us your Special Event rwomonths In advance 01 the iSSue you want If to appear in. For uamplB, if you want itft:I appear '" the January issue. l"9 should ,ee:eil'6 it by Octobel 31. Pn:MrJBa dear,00fICiSe summary of the essenlial detailS alJottt)'OOr Special EMMl Chedc Spec~'Event. Fi l. Are,- In on our BSS (603-924-9343). tor lislings that were too late toge' into publication.

Contest. VE Exams; conlact Sil , (607)962-1134. To purchase tickets. contactDave Lewis, ROI Box 191, Van EnenNY 14889. Tel. (607) 589-4523. Deal­ers, contact Jay, (607) 733-0761. Talk­in on Rookies Aptr. 147.961.36 and444.20.

SEP 25

FRAMINGHAM. MA The FraminghamARA Wil hold its FaU Flea Markel andVE Exams at Framingham H.S. (on AStreet). Doors open at 9 AM to earlybird buyers, and 10 AM to ali buyers.To reserve tables contact Lew NymanK I AZE. (508) 879·7456. Make checkspayable 10 FARA. P.O. Box 3005. Fram­ingham AfA 01701. To register tor ex·ams. send check lor $5.75. payable toARRL/VEC, to Oldr Marshall WA IKUG,37 L)71Ian RO., Framingham MA 01701.Walk-ins not accepted afte r 10 AM.Talk-in on 147.15 rptr.LONGMONT, CO A Hamtest will besponsored by the Boulder ARC, begin­ning at a AM at Boulder County Fair­g rounds Exhib it ion Btdg.• Nelson &Hover Ad s. V E Exams. Talk· in o n146.70(-) and 147.27(+). To reserve ta­bles, contact BARC. P.O. Box 2033,Bou lder CO 80306-2033. Tel. (303)441 -3883.ST. PETERS. MO S1. Peters ARCSwaptest will be held from 7 AM·1 PMat 51. Charles County Comm. CollegeCampus, 4601 Mid Rivers Mall Or. FleaMarkel. Talk-in on 145 .41 MHz and444275 MHz. Contact Jay Une1eraownWOOGS. 58 Judy Dr., St. Charles MO63301 . Tel. (314) 723-4200.YONKERS, NY A Giant EleclronicFlea Marlcet, sponsored try the Metro7Ocm. Network. WIll be held at l.inol*lH.S. on Kneeland Ave, from 9 AM-3PM . VE Exams. Talk-in on 440.425MHz PL 156.7, 223.760 MHz PL 67.0,146.91 0 Hz. 443.350 MHz PL 156.7.Contact Otto S...,IiS/ci WB2SLO, (9 14)969,1053.

OCT 1-2

L OUI SVILLE. KY The GreaterLouisville Hamlesl/ARRL KY stateCony. will be he ld at the common­wea lth Cony. Ce nter in downtownLouisvi lle. Mail requests lor tickets orinfo to The Greater Looisville HamfestAssn. , P.O. Box 34444<1, loufsvIIe KY40232--4444. For commercia l spaces.call (8 12) 948-003 7; Flea Ma rk elspaces, (812)28204898.

OCT'HUNTINGTON, IN The HuntingtonCounty ARS will sponsor its 6th annualHamfestlrom 8 AM·1 PM at the PAL(Police Athletic Laague) Club. Set-up al6 AM. VE Exams. Flea Markel. Taill-lnon 146.085/.685 and 448.9751443.975.Contact Chris Riehardson N90VI, P.O.Box 284, Hunlington IN 46750. Tel.(219) 356-0319.SA N DIEGO. CA Over a dozen SanDiego ARCs. the ArneOcan Red Cross.and the salvation Army, will stage the3rd annual "Ham Radio Roondup." L0­cation : Missile Pk .. MiSSile Rd . &Claire mont Mesa Blvd. Each club oragency (ARRL, MARS. and oUlers) willdisplay the various aspects of amateurrad io. Set-up begins at 7 AM; gatesopen at 10 AM . Contact Harry A.Hedges WA6m<). (619) 743-42 12.

7836; ~ Steve Allen KDIUP. RRI Ba1r2409, Moretown VT 05660. Tel. (lW2)496-7696.SANTA FE. NM The 1994 NorthernNew Mex ico Hamlest. spOnsored bythe Northern NM ARC. wid be held atGlorieta Baptist ConI. Center. Talk-inon 145.19 (144.59 Input) , 147.901.30,and 146.521.52. For camping reserve­ecos. contact the Glofieta Baptist Colli.Centet; P.O. Ben" 8. Glorleta NAif 87535.For hotel inlO., call (505) 757.016 1. Forhamfesl detai ls. co ntacl HelenroseBurke W51XS, P.O. Box 73. oo SarcoNAif 87550. Tel. (S05) 689-2367.SCOnSOAL E. AZ The Family AREvent will hold its 2nd arnJal eYefll atRawhide western Town , 23023 N,Scottsdale Rd . RC airplane demo.weetrersat Forums. Emergency HamRadio. Activit ies lor children. Swaprreet area opens at 6 AM. Exhibit halopens at 9 AM. Co ntact l.en WinklerKB7LPW, P. O. Box 9219, Phoenix AZ85068. Tef. (602) 861.()303.

SEP l7-16

VIRGINIA BEACH, VA The AA RLRoanoke Div. Convention and VirginiaBeach HamfesUComputer Fair will beheld at the Virginia Beach Pavilion. Forcom me rci al booths, contact l.ewisS teingold W4BLO, 1008 CrabbersCove Ln., Virginia Beach VA 23452, orceu (804) 486-3800. For tickets and ta­bles. contact Manny Steiner K4DOR.3512 Olympia Ln., Virginia Beach VA23452. Tel. (804) HAM-FEST.

SEP18

ADRIAN. MI The AARC Hamfesl/Compuler Show will be held atLenawee County Fairground 8 AM-2PM. VE Exams; walk·ins OK. Talk·ln on145,37(-). Get more details Irom GregKZ8X, 4281 Mohawk Trail, Adrian MI49221. Tel. (5 17)263- 1153.CL EMENS. MI T he 22nd annualreose Creuse ARC Swap and Shopwill be held from 8 AM-2 PM at L:AnseCreuse H.S. VE Exams al1 1 AM. Con­lac! Don Olszewski WAB/ZV, (8 101 294­1567: Prodigy 10. SSTG4 I a_ Talk-inon the ECHO Rplr., 147 .081.68 MHz. oron 146.52 MHz simplex. F~ inlo, sendSASE 10 Dave Heffington N8Nu<, 165CIock8r BMi. Afl ClemeflS MI 48043­2546. T« (810) 465-2797.lAUREL SPRINGS, NJ The 46th an­nual South Jersey RA, Inc. "HAM'est"will be held al Pennsauken H.S. start­ing at 8 AM. Reserve spaces by con­tacting Diane Narf/S N2LCO, 17 Roo­sevelt Dr., Laurel Springs NJ 08021 .Tel. (609) 227-6281. VE Exams on awalk-In basis 9:30 AM until ??? Talk-inbegins at 7 AM on the day of lhe eventon 145290 (-600).NEWTOWN . CT The Western CTHamfest will be sponsored by !he Can­dlewood ARA 'rom a AM·1 PM at theEdmond Town Hall, RI 6. Flea Markel.Displays. Talk-in on 147.1 2(+). ConlaclK8n WeIth KOIDD. Ba1r 344 1, DanbvryCT06813. Tef. (203) 743-9181.

SEP24

ELMIRA, NY The Elmira ARA Wi. pre­sent l he 19th annual Internar l Ham­fesllComputertest at the ChemungCounty Fairgrounds. Horseheads NY,from 6 AM-4 PM, Flea Markel. aSl

Iowa Antique AC and Historical Soc.,and two COf11lUler users groops winee­sponsor a HamlestlRadiofesVCompul­er Expo at the Tri-State Blind sce..3333 Asbury Rd. Time : 8 AM-3 PM.Talk-in on 147.841.24 . ccetact LorenHeber NQYHZ, 9479 Laudervjl/e Rd.,Dubuq lJ8 fA 52003 or Jerry Ehle rsNONLU, 3115 Brunswick sr., DubuQlJ6fA 52001. Tel. (31 9) 583- 1016.GAJTHERSBURGH, MD The 37th an­nual FAR. FEST '94 wilt be presentedby The Foundation tor Amateur Radio.Inc. The event will be held al the Monl ­gomery County Ago. Center. Talk-in on146.955(·).443.400(+) and 146.52. VEExams at 9 AM (by the Laurel VEC's).Computers and software. Commercialbldg. open al a AM. contact Mary Mor­ris. (703) 971 -3905; or AJ Brown, (301)490-3118.MONETT. MO The Ozarks AR5 Ham­fesVPicnic will be held at Monen CityPk. Polluck Dinner at 12:30 PM. Talk·inon 146.97. Contact Stan KFOKS. (4 17)452-3801.SOUTH DARTMount, MA The SoutnEastern Mass ARA will hold their 7thannual HamfesVFlea Market Irom 8AM·3 PM at the club grounds at 54Donald 51. Ta!l<-ln on 147.001.60. Con­IacI MiChael Enos, P.O. 8m' 79064, N.Dartmouth MA 02747.SUFFERN, NY The ARRL Hudsontnv. Convenllon wi ll be held a t theRockland Conm. College Field House.beg inning at 9 AM. ARR L PresidentGeorge Wilson W4OYI, and stan mem­bers from ARRL HeadQuarters, will beamong the featured guesls. Flea Mar­ke l. Mor a. Talk·in on 147.1651.765 .Vendors ONLY may call the conven­tion's special 'kndor Into Una at (914)426-1488.

SEP 4

AlAMOGORDO. NM The AlamogordoARC. Inc. will sponsor VE Exams at 9AM aure New MexiCO Stale Univ. -Ala­magordo, in the Pro-Tech Bldg. Etec­ueetcs Lab. For further info. call OleWA5IPS. (5051 437-5896.

SEP 10

CLIFTON PARK. NY "HamfesI94" willbe held at the Coonty Fairgrounds inBallston Spa NY, Irom 7 AM-3PM .Sponsored by the Saratoga CountyRACES Assn., toe. Set-up Fri., Sep.stn. 7 PM·8 :30 PM. Talk -in on IheWA2UMX aptrs.. 146.40/147-.00 and147.84/.24. Contact N2fEP. PO. Box41, Roac City Falls NY 12863.ERIE, PA "Erie Hamfest ' 94.- spon­sored by me RadiO Assn. 01 Erie. willbe held 8 AM·2 PM at Franklin Twp.Fire Hall. Set-up at 5:30 AM. VE Ex­ams al 9 AM at fra nklin CenterMelhodisl Chu rc h . Ta lk -in on146.011.61. contact Tom McCla inN3HPR, 3954 Solar Dr., Er ie PA16506. Tel. (8141833- 1640.FORT WAYNE, IN "SumrTVI City Com­puler Show/Hamlest" will be held byThe Fort Wayne RC, from a AM·2 PMal Allen County 4-H Fairgrounds. Talk- SEP 17in on W9TE 146.161.76. Conlacl John BERWICK, PA The Colurrbia MonIOU"Goller K9UWA, 4836 Ranch Rd., Leo ARC wi. host a Hamlesl.-'ComputerlestIN 46765. Tel. (219) 637-6426. at Nescopeck Township strenauTOPEKA, KS The North East Kansas Grounds, starting at B AM. TailgatingARC will hold their 5th annual event setup at 6 AM. VE Exams al 10 AM;('FEST 1994) at Knights of Columbus. Walk-i ns welcom e . Ta lk-in onGrand Hal . Hours: 9 AM-3 PM. AARL 147.225{+), and 146.52 simplex. Con-Forum. VE Exams. Sitent Key Equip. tact Da\o8 WC3A, (717) 752-6851.Auction , More. Talk·in on 146.355/.955 GONZAl.ES. l.A "Gonzales Hamlastmas Aptr. Tables by advance regis- '94" will be held atlhe Gonzales Ree.Iration only. contact Rob Nail WVOS. Center from 6 AM-3 PM. Sponsor: The5707 SW 28tll Terrace. Top elra K$ Ascension ARC. Talk..... on 147.225(+},66614·2420_ Tel. (9131271 -8899. CTCSS 107.2. Conlac! Geotpe TurnerUNIONTOWN, PA The Union tow n KB5EOC, 161 79 Galves A ve.,ARC will hold their 45th annual eeetest Prairieville LA 70769. Tel. (504) 622·on the dub grounds on Old Pillsburgh 3598.Rd . , slar ti ng at 8 AM . Talk-in on SA NTA ROSA, CA SOnoma Coonty147. 045(+) and 147.255(+). Contact Radio Amateurs. Inc. will hold theirC8rlcxJoyce, (3041594-3779. 12th annual Ham Radio Flea Market

from 7:30 AM-2 PM al the Holy GhostSEP 11 Hall, 7960 Mill Station Rd., just otI Hwy

BOLINGBROOK, IL The BoIingbfook 116 north of Sebastopol. Set-up aI6:30ARS will ho ld its 10th annual Ham- AM. Talk-in on 146.13/.73. For tid<elsIesVComputer Fair at the Inwood aec. and Info. write to SCRA. Box 116. san-Center, 3000 W. Jetlerson SI. (Rt. 52 ), ta Rosa CA 95402.Joliet. IL. Time: 8 AM-3 PM. VE Exams RANDOLPH, VT The Central Vermont9 AM-noon. Talk-in on 147.33(+) kHz ARC will host the -Fall Foliage Ham-and 224 .54(-) MHz. For details. call !es!l'CorrlJuler Fair" from 9 AM-3 PM at(708) 759-7005. the Judd Gym. at Vermont Tech. Col·BUTLER, PA A Special Evenl will be lege. VE Exams a1 12:3O PM. Forums.held at the Butler Farm Show Grounds Talk·in on 147 .09/ .69/ R,'rom 8 AM-4 PM. For details, CQntact 146.625/.025/R. and 146.52 Simplex.Joe Stalhman WA3BVO, 499 Kiester For reservationS. make checks payableRd.• Slippery Roclr PA 16057. Tel. to: Central Vermont ARC, and send to(412) 794-8383. Tom Girardi WAIYNU, P.O. Box 261 ,DUBUQUE, IA The Great River ARC, Waterbury VT 05676. Tel. (802) 244-

76 73 Amateur Radio Todaye Se ptem ber, 1994

SEP 2-3

NEW ORLEANS, LA The New Or­leans tntamat't OX Convention will beheld al Royal Sonesta Holel on seer­bon SI. Tmes: Fri., sec. 2nd. 1 PM-l1PM; ser.. Sap. arc . 8 AM-Midnight.RegistratiOn deadline is Aug. 15th. Formore inlo, call (504) 283-4743 days on­ly; FAX (504) 524-2 129. sero checksor money cecers payable 10: New Or­leans Internan OX Convenlion, ciaMichael Mayer WSZPA. 5836 MarciaAve., New OritJans LA 70124.

SPECIAL EVENT STATIONS

AUG 14

FULTON, NY The Oswego County AREmergency Servo will operate staucnKC20V 12ooZ·2 1ooZ Irom Fulton'sannual Rivertest. Operation will be inthe middle of the General 80, 40, 20 ,15, and 10 meter phone bands, theNov ice po rtion of 10 meters. and147.751.15 MHz. For a certificate, sendyour OSL card and a large SASE toKC20V. 366 South Afth St., Fulton NY13069.

AUG 19-5EP 5

ISLINGTON, ONT., CANADA Ama­teur Radio dubs around Toronto Cana­da will o perate Slalion VE3C NE1400Z-Q200Z eaen day as part 01 theCanadian Nan EJo:hibilion in Toronto.Freq .: CW - 80 meters : 3.645/ .700MHz; 40 meters: 7.0451.145 MHz: 20meters : 14.045 ; 15 meters :21.0451.145 MHz . SSB · 80 meters:3.745' .865 MHz : 4 0 meters :7 .065/ .235 MHz .; 20 meters:14.1451.245 MHz; and 21.345 on 15meters. Talk-in on ' 45.410 MHz. ceo­tact (4 16) 393-6000 for more details.

SEP 1·5

MY. PLEASANT, lA Station WOMMEwill be operated by the Mt PleasantARC during the Midwest Old Thresh­ers Reunion. Voice and CW cceratcnwill be In the General portion of 80-10meters. For a OSL send an SASE 10Dave SChneider WDOENR, RR3 Box3()7A, Mr. PleasanllA 5264 I.

SEP 2-4

HAGERSTOWN , MD The AntietamRadiO Assn. will ooeate Club StationW3CWC 10 commemorale the 125lhAnniversary of the birth of Hiram P.Ma..im W1AW. Founder 01 the ARRLThey will also celebrate the inslallatiQn01 a brass headmarker at his grave silein Rose Hill Cemet ery. Operation willbe from 1500Z Sep. 2nd-()400Z Sep.3rd; also. 1200Z Sap. 3f<j·24QOZ Sap.4th. Freq.; CW - 3.640. 7.045. 14.040.21.040,28.040. SSB - 3.920, 7.240,14.240, 21.295, 28.350 MHz. For acommemorative certi ficate , send yourOSL and an SASE to Antie/am RadioAssn ., At/n: Special Event StationW3CWC. P.D. Box 52, Hagerstown MD2 1741-0052.

SEP4

PANAMA, REP of PANAMA The 23rdAnnive rsary Contest 01 Radio Cl ubPanama will take place 0001 GMT­2359 GMT. For details. contact RadiOCluf) Panama , Anniversary Contest.P.O. Bo.- 10745, Panama 4 . Republicof Panama. Fax: (SOn 264477. Pack­et:HP1COOOHP1COW:"PANCTY.PAN.CEAM.

SEP 4-5

AUBURN, IN The Northeastern IndianaARC wiU operate a Special Ewnt Sta­tion 10 oommemorate Aib.J"n Cord Due­se nberg Da ys . Operanene will be14OOZ-2200Z in the lower 25 kHz of theGeneral bands on 40 meters and/or 80meters. For a com memorat ive OSL,send c:onIirmalion and SASE 10 NEIARG.P.O. Box 745. Au!:u"n IN 46706.

SEP 10

GREELEY, CO The Weld ARS will op­erate Stalion WAODDC Irom 16OOZ­21OOZ, to celebrate Potato Day at c eo­lennial Village. Frequencies: 14.250MHz and 28 .490 MHz. For a cernn­cate, send your OSL with a businesssize SASE to Rick Hubbard WAOODC,P. D. Box 5 116. Greeley CO 80631 .

$EP 10-11

NORWALK, CT The Grealer NorwalkARC will op erate KA1 0FN 1300Z­2100Z Sep. tom. and 1300Z-1 9OOZSep. 111h, 10 celebrate the 17th AnnualNorwalk Oyster Festival. Operation willbe in the lower 25 kHz 01 the Generalphone band. on 40. 20 and 15 mejers,and on Ihe NoviCe 10 meter phonesutlband. For a centcete. send a OSLcard a nd a 9 · .. 12 · SASE to theGreater Norwa lk ARC. 324· 7 Ma inAve., Box 115, Norwalk CT 06851.SAXONBURG, PA The Buller Co. ARPubliC Serv. Group wiU operale KD3RTto honor the Mayor 01 sa.-onburg. Re!­da n Cooper W3SYV, 1400Z·22OOZSep. 101h. and 1400Z·2000Z Sep.11th. Location: SalConburg Festival 01the ArIS. Phone wilt be on the towerportion of the 40 and 20 meter Generalsubbands. For a certificate, send a 9· ..12· SASE to BCARPSG, Inc. . P.O. Box1692. Butler PA 16003.

SEP 10-16

MAASTRICHT, THE NETHERLANDSDur ing Wo rld War H. the Ge rmanoccupalion 01 Maastricht ended onsec. tern. 1944. Maa stricht was

the first city in the Netherlands 10be liberated . The operation wascarried out by the 30th Infantry Div. ofthe 19th US Ar'"'! Corps. Old Hd<oryDiY. In commemoration 01 this occa­sion , Stat ion PA60HD (Old HickoryDiv.) Wi ll be in operatiOn in the~port ion 01 20 and 15 meters, phon eand Cw.

SEP 12·17

LINWOOD, NJ The Southern Coun­lies ARA will operate K2BR from theMiSS America Pageant in Atlantic City(Absecon IS.. IOTA: NA 111 ) . Preq.:Phone · 25 kHz inside lower Generalclass bandedge: CW • 65 kHz insidelower General class bandedge: Novice- 28.1 00'.500 kHz. Operation wi. begin10 AM EST on Sap. 12th. OSL · SASEvia SCAM P. D. Box 121. Lim¥OO(1 NJ08221.

SEP 15·20

THE NETHERLANDS The NijmegenRAC will operate Station PA60MG tooommemorale the Sap. 17. 1944 para­trooper effor t 10 secure br idges inprep ara tio n lor tee advance 01 theBrit ish Army over DutCh waterways(Operation Market Garden ). PA60MGw~1 operate in CW and phone on aU HFbands during me wee k. If possible,WWII radio equipment wi. be used tomake connections. Send aSL cards toOSL Manager, PAQKHS, NL-RegiOn 35.via the DutCh c st-ecreeo. For localvisitors, a zmand 70cm talk· in will beon standby. A a so with PA60MG willbe valid lor the Noviomagum Cer tifi­cate.

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73 Amateur Radio Today · septerroer, , 994 77

SEP 16-18

CHARLESTON, SC The c nenesioeARS will operate WA4USN 1300Z·2300Z to co mmemorate the BOCChallenge 1994-95. a single-handedround-Ihe-world yacht race. Freq.:7.250. 14.045, 14.250.21 .045. 21.250,the Novice CW portion 01 the 40 meierband. and 146.790. Ali lrequencies +I.5 lor a RM. 2 meter coeretoo on Sep.17th only. For a OSL, send OSL andSASE to Sheila Frank KG4UDD, 614Longs /reet Circle. Summerville SC2948S

SEP17

NEGAUNEE, Ml The Hiawalllia ARCwill operate W3KGW 1300Z-2030Z 10commemorate the 1501h Anniversaryof the locating of iron ore on the Mar·quette Range. Operalion will be on theGeneral band and on 146.91. SendOSL and SASE 10 Charles Wafers.970 N. Westwood Dr.. /$Ilpeming MI49849, Please put contacI nurmer onewecce.PARK CITY, UT The Mercury ARA. Incooperation with the Great Salt LakeCouncil 01 the Boy Scouts of America,will operate K2BSAJ7 during the UtahHeritage Jamboral. Operalion will belrom OOOOZ·l800Z. Preq.: 3.870, 7228,14287.21395. 5end OSL and SASE 10MARA, P.O. Bole "201. Salt Ldke CityUT84'47-c20 I.

SEP 17-18

READING, PA Berlls ARS will operateWA3MFT from 1600Z Sap. 17th-2000ZSap. 18th, to corrmemorate the reno­vation to rne landmark PAGODA .

Phone f req uenc ies : 3 .880, 7.280,14 .280 . 21.380, 28.480; packel on145.09. For a certificate. send yourQSL and a 9" x 12" SASE to Ber /o:sAmateur Radio Soc., P.O. Box 12632,Reading PA 19604.

SEP 19

DANVILLE, PA Uberty-Valley ere­mentary School will operate WC3A.N3I RN. and N3LOS on all amat eurbands, Irom 1300Z-1900Z. For a cer­nncete. send your OSl to a MiguelezN3POB. Liberty- Valley School. '75uoerty-VaJley Rd., DanvillePA 17821.

SEP 20-24

CHALK RIVER, ONT., CANADA TheRenlrew County ARC will operate Sta­tion CJ31PM to commemorate the ln ­temart Plowing Match coming 10 aen­I re w county lor the f irst ti me. TheRCARC wiU operate on en bands, anda OSL card is available by sending anSASE to RCARC.. P.Q Bac 39, Chill/o:RNer, On!. , canada KOJ 1KO.

SEP 23-25

PEA PATC H ISLAND, DE The Trl­Counly Amateur Group will operateK03XN 1400 UTC-2100 UTC from theCivil Wafs hiStoric Fort Delaware. 0p­eraucns will be in the General andNOViCe portions of 10, 12, 15, 17, 20and 40 meters. For an OV1Ittlead photoOSL, send an SASE to the operatorworked.WA L LA WA LLA , WA The B.P.O.ELKS Lodge .287 is celebraling its100th Anniversary. They will issue acemtcate for working 5 Walla Walla

statiOr'lS. Please send names and canson your OSL c ard to Robbie GalloKB70 BW, 351 E. Rose, Walla WallaWA 99362. Please al so send a 9" x12" SASE.

SEP24

ADDISON COUNTY, VT The AddisonCounly ARA will operate N1 BBRand WXlO lrom 1400z·2100z. 10 cel­ebrate the Apple Harvest in VT. Oper­ation will be In fhe General portion 01the 20 and 40 meter CW and phonebands, as well as the Novice 10 meterphone band. Operation and talk·lnson local 2 meter mtrs. II aI goes asplanned, an AM antique station .....iIlrun on a pprca. 14.285. For a cernn­cete, send OSL inlo. $1 US, and a g" x12' SASE 10 Elaine Eldridge NIIJW,P.O. B Ol( 10, New Haven VT 05472­0010.ERWIN, TN The Unicoi County ARServo will operate AC40F 1300Z­2100z to commemorate the 15th an­nual Erwinl\Jnlcoi County Apple Festi­val. Operation will be 14.265 and7.265. phone only. For a OSL card,send OSLand a 1t10 SASE to UCARS,P.O. Bole 185, Erwin TN 3765O-()I85.SOUTH HOUSTON, TX The PearlatKlARC wi. operate AB5GU as part 01 thecity 's Centennial celebration. Freq.:28 .4 10.21.3 10. 14.260,7.230, and7.125. All school stations witl be activedurlng the preceding week. JamiesonM.S. will cce-ete KI 5MB; PearlandH.S. will operate KB5RGJ. cernrcateswill be sent to stations working allthree locations. For OSL or a certif i­cate. send an SASE via MarJy Haley

AB5GU; 803 Ave. I, SOufh Hous/OO TXn587.

SEP 30-0cr 1

ISHPE MING, Ml The Hiawatha ARAwill ope rate Station KB8DNS Sep.30th 1700 UTC-0200 UTC, and Oct.tst 1500 UTC-2000 UTC. rms Is tocommemorate lhe 40th Anniversary 01me Nan. Ski Hall 01 Fame; and th e90Ih Anniversary or the U.S. Ski Assn.Freq.: General phone and CW Noviceon 80. 75. 40.15. 20. 10, and 2 me­ters. For a certilicate, send a g" x 12"SASE to Rod KBBDNS, 1740 Rose­wood Ln., Ishpeming MI49849.

OCT .A NAMOSA, IA The Jones CountyAR C will operate NOCWP 1500Z­2000Z. 10 cele b rate their an nualPumpkinlesl. Operation wiA be in toelower 50 kHz 01 the General sub­bands. For a certilicate, send confirm­ing OSL to Jim MeG/intok NOCWp,Box 462, Morley /A 52312.

OCT 1-2

pmSBURGH, PA The Bree.l:eshoot­ers ARC will operate Station W3XX14OQZ·2100z Oct 1·2, lrom the sub­marine U.S.S. Requin. docked al tI'IeCa rnegie Scienc e Ce nter. Operationwill be CW on 7.123 and 21.123, andphon e on 7.250 , 14.250 . 21. 350,28.460. and 146.52. For a cerntceteand OSl card, send OSL and an 8112' J( 1 t' SAS E to Ron BerryWB3LHD, 326 Sunset Dr., Bethel PI<.,PA 15'02. iii

High PerformancePacTOR I AMTOR

Use an ordinary ATTY terminal unit such asCP·1, CP-l00, TU-170, ST-6, ST-5000, ST-6000, etc.with G4BMK's BMK-MULTV software runn ing in yourIBM-PC or compatible for performance superior to aI NC. Version 3 has a multipath compensation featurenot found in other Pactcr implementations. (While aTNC is not needed, we do have an adapter lor PK232.)

Detailed literature upon request. Prices:Base communications package with AMTOR, AnY,CW and aSO/callsign logging database $95.Base -+ PaelOR $145.Extended audio package adds Audio SpectrumAnalyzer, HF WEFAX and SSTV reception. Base «Extended $140.Base -+ Pactor -+ Extended $175.P actor alone $50. PK232 Adapter $49. Shipping $3.

VISA I MasterCard Accep ted

Amateur callsign required with order.Please state 3Y2 or 5V. indl disk preference.

SPHERETRON I Schnedler Systems AC41WP.O. Box 5964Asheville , NC 2881 3 (704) 274-4646

78 73 Amateur Radio Today ' September, 1994

TVC·4Gonly $89

SEE THE SPACE SHUTILE VIDEOMany ATV repeaters and individuals are retransmittingSpace Shuttle Video & Audio from thei r TYRO's tuned toSpacenet 2 transponder 9 or weather radar during signifi­cant storms, as well as home camcorder video. If it's beingdone in your area on 420 - check page 501 in the 94-95ARRL Repeater Directory or call us, ATV repealers arespring ing up all over - all you need is one of the TVC-4GATV 420-450 MHz downconvelers, add any TV set to eh 2,3 or 4 and a 70 e M antenna (yo u can use your 435 Oscarantenna). We also have ATV downconverters, antennas,transmitters and amplifiers for the 400, 900 and 1200 MHzbands. In fact we are your one stop for all yourATV needsand info. We ship most hems within 24 hours after you call.Hams, call for our co mp lete 10 page ATV catalogue.

(618) 447-4565 m-t 8am-5:30pm psi . Visa, M C, CO D

P.C. ELECTRONICS Tom (W'ORG)2522 Paxson Ln Arcadia C A 9 1007 Maryann IW86YSS)

Jim Gray W1XU

20 G 21 G 22 G 23G 24G-F

PROGRAMMABLE COUNTER- WorksWith ANY VFO Rig! Get a digital dis­ptay for your r ig . 100 Hz resolution .You C4n read the tuned frequency di­rectly. no need 10 calculate cttsets.ccc nrs to 40 Mhz, up OR dow n,Cou nter xu. $69 .95: xu w!case ,$99,95; Assembled wfcase. $139.95.GUARANTEED TO WORK , For infosend SASE: canwrne to order: S &, SENGINEERING, 14102 Brown Rd.,Smilhsburg MD 2 1783; (3 0 1)4 16­0661 . BNB334

WANTED: Electron Tubes. ICS. Semi­conduClors. ASTRAL, P.O. Bo>r; 707ST.Undefl NJ 07036. call (800)666 8467

BNB307

KENWOOD AUTHORIZED REPAIR.Also ICOM. Yaesu. GROTON ELEC·TRONICS, Box 37 9 . Groton MA01450. (508}448-3322. BNB310

UNIQUE ANT ENNA GIVES 30d bGAIN on alt HF bands. Completeplans. $6.95. AA 2KE Bob Christie.215·26 Spencer Ave_. Oueens V~tage.

NY 11 427. BNB31 9

COMMODORE 64 REPAtR. Fasl turnaround . SOUTHERN TECH NOLO·GIES AMATEUR RADIO, 10715 SW190 th Street _9 . Miami FL 33157 ,(305)238-3327. BNB295

KIT BUILDERS- NEW, SYN THE­SIZED qrp Transminefrrransceiver, theARK4. Full Transceivef Kit w!C4se only$199 .95. One board . no wir ing. lopquality componenls & PCB. GUARAN­TEED TO WORK. For into send SASE;CalltWrite 10 order: S " S ENGINEER­ING, 14102 Brown Road. SmithsburgM0 21763:(301}416-06S1. BNB304

RCl-2950 OWNERS: New modiflC3tionmanual including Power increase. Clar·ifier modification. Modulation increase.Operat ing hints, and more. Parts tn­Cluded. Only 520.00 ppd in U.S. (Mis­souri residents add $1.15 tax) .SCOTT, P.O. Bo. 510408 . s i, LouisMO 63151-0408. (3 1 4}84~. Mon­ey Orders or C.O.D. BNB340

Continued on page 8 1

ALL ABOUT CRYSTAL SETS. Theo­ry and construction of crystal set ra­

diOs. $9.95 each. ceo USA_ Send to:ALLABOUT BOOKS, Dept. S. P.O.Box 22366. San Diego CA 92192.

BNB200

WA NTED : AU DIO EQUIPMENT,Tube. Solid State, Mc intosh. Marantz.Tannoy, EV·Patricians. Western Elec­tr ic . Na ka mich i prefe rr e d. John .(410)46502699, BNB258

QS L SA MPLES- 50 c en ts. SAM­CA RDS, 48 Monle Carlo Or.. Pitts­burgh PA 15239. BNB275

Tum 'IO'S Old ham and compu1er gear i010 cash 00'*. Sure, )'OIl can wait lor a hamlest 10 II')'8I'ld c:txrlP it. but you know you'l get a tar mote realisflc price d )'OIl I\aIIe ~ out wIIe<e 100.000_ ham poler'(IaI buy&ts ClII'l see ~ \I\aI'I tl'Ie k>w I'u'lClIecIIoeai I'Iam$ ..no _ by • ~ rna,·kI!I tarlIe. C1oecl< j<IU" m.e.~. oeIar and dose!: shetII8's 8I'ld gell;8S/l foo j<IU" ...... aodc:omp.IIer~ beIoIe ifS 100 old to wi. 'lbu know you',. noI lJC1ing 10 use "~ 10""~" foo yourWIllow 10 tlYow ouf' That $lull ..., gelling "'Y younger'

The 73 FIoN Market. Bln..- n ' Buy. <:osos you peMI.Il$ lIIImoslJ---eoo>-_ .,,,,nslO 3S~. W(IfIl

lot~ IflOl'lCXlfllr\' ) lids and $1,00 a word 101 COI'\1rrIefCial ads, Donl plan Cll'lleliog along slory, use abbreviaTions. cram ~ in . 6..c be honest . Tlle,e are pI""ty of hams whO love to l,xlhings. SO II rt cccsm work. say so,

Ma~e you, ~,t. count th. words, includ ing your call, .<!dress and pIlone oomber, Irlelude actIeck or)'OUt c<edit card rlU'T"ber and " piral ioo. " you"e placing a w,""e,cial ad .~ anaddmonal l)l'lOne 1'lI,IrT"ber, lloe1)lIreIe Jmm your ad.

Thos .. a n'\CIrlItl'y~. noI • 4loIy 1WWSplIpeI, 10 hgure a COtClle !\'IQI'1IhS baIooe the ee­toon starts:~ be prepateCI. • )'OIl get 100~ cak you priced " ~. • you denl get InWIYgIs. 100 hogh.

SO get My. Blow lhe du$t oIf. dledc eUl)tl'lllig CIUl. make sure " SlIII WOIks ngtll a'ld maybeyou can help make a ham lUre ~ r;tjI ""'Ofks nght and~ you can helprnake a ham neNOOl'~

e- or rellred Old bme< hapPf...." thaI ng )'OIl're not u$ing 00'*. Or )'Oll m.gtl1 gel busy on yourcompute< and pvt logethtir a IiSl of $mall \lI'IIrlparts to srod to those ,00eresled?

Send YOU' ads and paymonl to ltIe Bartor 'n ' Buy. Jody Wa1l<er. 70 RI. 202N, Pl!torborooghNH 03458 and gel set lon na phooe cans.

ATIENTION HA MS! Subscribe to 6­50 Worldwide tor Six MeIer Enthusi­ssts. OX Oigesl tor DX Chasers, orThe Novice/ Tech neoon. Ca ll(8 17 )6 94 -40 47 or FA X (8 17) 6 94 ­2522 . BNB292

OVER 500 TAILGATE SPACES THISYEAR. Suncoast Amateur Radio andComputer Convention. November 19& 2 0 , 1994 . Flo r ida Slate Fa ir ­grounds. Write: FGCARC, P.O. Box2423. Clearwater FL 34617-2423.

BNB265

The dead line for the Octo berclass ified ad section is August11,1994.

CU STOM M A DE· HAND TOOL EDleathe r p rod ucts with your initi als,name , c all let te rs. Photo's & est i ­ma tes available . Key rings, wallets,beus. purses. hanging signs. specialtyuems. GR EAT GIFT. LE ATH ER &WEST, 67 Causeway Ad . , WestSwanzey NH 03469. (603)352-6256.9-4 pm. M·F ET. BNB215

DWYER WIND SPEED INDICATORonly 555.00 plus $4,00 SIH. For homeor office. Accurale . ce-ccet. practcer.Roo! mounted pickup. send chedr. orM.O. 10 : RAD-MON COMPANY, DePtA , Box 75 1. Ma rathon NY 13 803­0751 . (NY ReSidents add Sales Tax)

BNB285

'.'.•'.". "

SAT

3 vp-p

FRI

2 VP

.. . . '. "' '' ' >0 ..

29 F-G 30 G

, ,

" • , , • • • " •• To •

i II ~ .'.• ~ ' ,,' .. To ' .. '

' .... 1.... ' .. 1.. ' .. 1 . .. 1--.... ' "I .. I" .. I I ·i

~ ~.

,... "" ""... .. , ,.' 1Il ... , 01' , a . " ,,'.. .. ....... .. .. ,.. ...... ...

" ."" 1''' '' '''I .. ,.I ... I... I. I.. I .. ! ......,..-r-.. , ...',.. ... ,'" ..... 1''' ,. .. , ....

' .' 10' '''' '''' '' , '" "" ." ,." ,,,,

, "" 'Z> ' ' " "

' __ ' 00 00 '" .. .... ' .. ... ... ' ,.

• .', ,a" ,.'--'. .... ,.. '- '......j . ... "·',... ,. '

Daytme short sq, out 10 1,000 miles andnightmle short skip beyoncl1 ,OOO milesmay be expected.

40 and 80 Meter BlInd .

Forty meters will behave muet\ like the30 meter band as shown above.

Eighl~ me ters 009hl to provide somegood OX between sunset and sunrise.Lessening of thunderstorm QAN will bewelcome. Short~ during ee day to 350miles may be expected on Good days,while skip to 1,000 miles and beyondought to prevail aller dark. although I'veIound that even in September, high day­time signal absorptiOn levels. peaking atnooo or 1 p.m. local l ime. will preclude op­erations.

160 Meter Band

Thefe won' be any daytine SkO avail­able. but shorl skip openings and oxopenings to some areas of Ih8 world atnight may be anlic ipated. Don't expectwonoers, however, unless you have excel­lent antenna systems. such as Beverageslor receiv ing and verticals for Iransmining.OX, if any. shou ld peak around midnightand agan al"Olnd ~iSe _ Ii

EASTERN UNITED STATES TO:

2. F

, " '" ...... ..· .. ... ... .. .. "" '.. '.. '"~.. " " t''',,,.. .. .... " .. " ..,- ,. ..--......----~- ~-

6 F-G 7 G-F 8 F-P 9P 10P-F

13 P 14 P 15 P-F 16 F-G 17 G

27 P-F

1 P

SEPTEMBER 1994MON TUE WED THUSUN

4P-F SF

25 F-P 26 P

18 G-F 19 F-G

11 F 12 F-P

lng to Pfevalt on an paths. Signalsfrom the east will peak betweensunset atXl midnight (local time]and from the west between mid­night and sunrise (local lime) .

Jtn Gmy WI XU210 East CtJalfJau CirclePa)'$Q1 AZ 8554 J

I'm sure we aI agree lhat PfopagaliOnconditiOns for thiS past summer were verypoor. This month . however, we may seesome siight improvemet1 t as summertimelhuroderstorms and high absorption levelsgive way to the usually better autumnpropagation on ee HF bands.

First. the bad news: September 1-3.h! 911 and 10lh. the 12th-15th. and again!he 26th, ara tikeIy 10 exhibit some l1iStur­bances in Ihe iooosphere. hence Poor andscrefmes very Poor propagation condi­tions for OX 8I'ld even for mtra-coururyeeoc

The good news. however, is that daysof Good or Fair propagation on the HFbands will outnumber ee others, and Ihed1art wiI show whiCh lSays 10 pidt; br 'fOUloperations.

Ir s always worll1while to occas;onalymonttor WWIJ at 18 mnules past any hourto Obtain the latest values 01 SOlar Flux(above 80 is best), Boulder A n dex (10 orbek!w). and Boulder K index (2 0( below).Try 10 plan your operating ¥men the 'non­bers" are favorable lor best results.

10 .nd 12 MeIer Bands

Generally Poor condit ion sworldwide on most cays, with oc­cesceet openngs 00 excectco­ally Good days 10 tropical areasdur ing daylight hours. Thesebands will clos e before localdarkness.

15 and 17 Meter BandS

cecots 10 Africa and Centraland South America tr om theNerthern Hemisphere may beopen on Good days. will1 somenice snort skip openings out to1,000 miles or so on eeee days.

20 .nd 30 Meter Bands

As usual, the 20 meter bandought to be your choice lor anyserious worldwide OX work be­I\Ireen the hours 01' SU1rise andSU'lssl, local lime. Also, hs bandshoukl remain open Intil wen at­ter sunsellor long openings imolI1e Soulhern Hemisphere. Shortskip to abOlJt 2,000 miles or soshould be available on manydays 01' lhB monlh.

The 30 meter band wiI act a~ttle like 20 and a little like 40 .Expecl OX, it any, belWeen sun­set and SlnriSe, and expect fad-

73 Amateur Radio tcaey -September, 1994 79

tuning knob. Mem­ory,ocall button, andVolume/Squelc hcont rol. Four se­lectable backlight­ing conditionsmake lor easyreadil"lQ of the dis­play. FuU access 10all tuncttona are

available Irom me supplied OTMF mr­crophone. Adding the optiOnal HM-90Awireless mlke allows "'backseat driver"control of the transceiver.

Each band has silt scratehpad mem­ories and the 1C-2700H provides a total01 100 memory channels. Output powerIs 50 watts VHF and 35 watts UHF. Thesuggested reteu pr ic e is $959 . Formore information, visit your Icom dealeror contact /com AmeriCa, Inc., 2380­/161h Avenue H.E.. Belletfutt WA98004; (206) 454-8'55. Or CirCle React­er Service No. 201.

designed lor service in ftxed . mobile,and marine appl icatiOns, and is fullycompatible wilh most HF eQuipment.The introductory price is $845 br I lim­ited time. For more intormatiOn conlactsac Inc., SGC Bui/ding, 13737 SE26th 51. , P.D. Box 3526, Bellevue WA98009: (206) 746-6310. (800' 259­733 1, FAX (206) 746-63$4. Or circleg esoer serviCe No. 207.

b lacker, gray shades are more accu­rate, and boundary edges are well-de­fined. The quartz crystal-locked digita ldesign eliminates a. adjustments, andsell- test modes verify correct opera­tion,

The compact PCMCIA Convertibleis credit-card (PCMCIA Type II) sizedand is hot ·phJgabie into IBM compati­ble laptops and desktops, using theOFS tSA bus converter card. When at­tached to the audio output of an SSBor VHF receiver, il will acquire highqualrty weather satellite pictures direct­ly from polar-orbiting and geostation­ary satellites and from HF Marine FAX.

Prices start al $495. For more inlor­ma han c ontacl OFS WealherFAX.6404 Lakeresl ct., Raleigh He 27612:(91 9) 847-4545 (vo ice or FAX). O rCi rcle Reader Service No. 206.

ICOMlcom has Introduced lhe IC-27ooH

duaI-band mobile transceiver, fealuringa detachable Iront panel. Mount thefront panel on your vehicles dashboardand store the ma in body in anothertccaten, using the optional OPC-438or OPC-439 accessories. The carefuldesign and dual controls allow forsale and convenien t ope rating wh iledriving.

The JC-2700H features VHF (144 to148 MHz) and UHF (440 to 450 MHz)

coverage. each band having its OW"

The SmartPowerCube constant lymonitors your HF SSB rig's actiVities,power needs, and antenna condit ion .In less than 15 ronaseccees. it selectsthe righl broadband l ilter. The unit isprotected from preprogrammed shut­<:Iown procedures and shuts down au­tomatically in the event of a micropro­cessor laull

The SG -5oo SmartPowerCube is

OFS WEATHERFAX

GAP ANTENNAPRODUCTS

GAP Antemas has introducecl the TItan ox roollibanct an­tenna. The juan provides continuous coverage under 2:1,across the eonre 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 30 , and 40 meter bands.Plus, It covers ever 100 kHz on 80 meters. The Tilan is pre­tuned; it needs no um sr.

The Titan is tne answer lor the amateur with space limita­tions. Irs easy 10 set up, requi ring no radials. It simplymounts on a 1-1 /4" pipe. The Titan Is a very manageable 25leel and weighs 25 pounds.

like all GAP anterees. the Titan has no traps or coils, buthas the unique elevated GAP reee which dramatically re­duces earth loss, noise, and instab ility. Sturdy constructionfeatures 6063 aluminum tubing and stainless steel hardwa re.

GAP antennas are manulaetured In the USA. For lTIOfe In­brmation viSIt your ta'oUite dealer or contact GAP AntennaPtOduets, Inc... 6010 N. Old Dixie Highway. Vero Beach FL32967; (407) n 8.J728. O r circle Reader seoee No. 204.

OFS WealllerfAX has announced athird·generation weather satellite de­modulato r- the PCMCIA Convert iblelor laptop and desk computers. This isthe first Weat herfAX decoder card touse Ca rrier Peak Sa mpli ng (CPS)techr'clogy. which p fOYJdes not iceabletmprovern ems in image quality andcla rity. Wh ite s are whiter, blacks are

•

$7 each or threa lor $20 (a<l<l $5 S & HUSA. 10 one locatiOn). For more inlor­mat ion con tact ASA. PO Box 346' .Myrtle Beach SC 2 9578; (800) 722­2 681 . O r crrcte Reader Servic eNo. 205.

ACE TRIDENT

A new hand-held race receiver covering shortwave andpub uc service band voiCe frequencies has been introduced byTrident. Frequency coverage ranges trom below AM broad­cast (500 kHz) to above lhe new PeS frequencies (1.3 GHz)in Ihe mierowave range . Lisleners can tune inlo virtually everykind of volce broacscast, lrom anover Ihe world .

This new Trident demodulates AM, narrowband FM, andwideband FM signals. Frequencies can be directly enteredin the keypad, or the unit will scan lor acnve channels. Thereceiver has 1,000 permanent programma~e memory chan­nels.

The new Trident comes with a 12 VDC cigarette lighterplug, N:; batt8fY charger, tour AA batteries, eatphone, built -Insceese. belt clip, flexible antenna, mounting hardware, andinslructions. For more inlormation contact ACE' Communica­tions, 10707 E. 106/h Sfreel, Fishers IN 46038; (800) 445­77 /7. FAX (800) 448-1084. Or circle Reader Service No. 203.

ANTENNA SALES & ACCESSORIESASA has inl roduced the FoId-Qyer

Model FO-1 tnree-postteo adapter lor3/8 K 24 thread antennas. which titsany 318 K 24 moun!. This unique mounladapter eliminates havi ng to take theantenna 011 the vehicte when ap­proaching home garages. dnve-upbank tellers. and par1cing ga rages.

JUSI push the side bullon on lheFO· l an d lo ld over to 45 o r 90 d e­grees.

The heavy-duty unit is constructed01 weatherproof cnrome-ptatec brassand stalrsess stee r. They are priced at

Compiled by Charles Warrington WA1 RZW

NCG COMET

SGCSGC has afWlOUncect the availability

of Ihe new SmartPowerCube micropro­eeseer-eeoneaee Mnear amplifier. Theuni t si gnJricantly boost s power 500wens intel ligently. The unit has a bankof status LEOs on the fron t pa nelwhiCh fuoctlon as Buill-In Test Equ ip­ment {BITE) allOWing the operator 10spot any pl"obIem quickly.

80 73 Amateur Radio Today . Se ptem ber, 1994

Comet Antenna has introduced the new Quad-Band HF m0­

bile antenna, Model HA4S. which is pictured on this month'scover. The following coils are standard with the HA-4S: 40. 15.12. and 10 meters. An oplional 20 meter coil is also available:the L-14HS.

The HA-4$ is very ccecact anclligtltweight. weighing only 1pound 14 ounces and measuring only 4 feel 10 inches tall.ThiS allows lor more convenient mounting optiOnS than c0nven­

tional HF moblle antennas. The HA-4S can be mounted on atrunk lip-style mount such as the RS-820, Of a rain guttermount sucn as the AS-SO.

High quality coretrucnon includes a gold-pla ted PL-259 con­neclor at the antenna's base and a threaded collar that un­screws 10 expose the hinged base. allowing a 90-degreeloldover lor clearing garage doors, etc.

For more informatiOn on the HA-4 S. v isn you r favorite dealeror contact Ne G Comet. 1275 North Grove 51.• Anaheim CA92806: (714) 630-4541 , FAX (714) 63Q-7024. Or circle ReaderService No. 202 .

,MICRO 1.2:·mI A_.....1· 101(" XIS'16'

hambrew

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......_ ...\ ....... B.I~_ DX..­00)....,. It- _ . _ '""""" to 00.10 ..·_0..2._ .._ 100","""All • ...,. r~ ... ,.,.._">t_"",,... $~ .. $'H_

"'*"OX...-,"'I~ IIor ",,~l>on

1ol_~ 51 Antemlas lVes tiI.", 5OOSJ_1l """'" t1~ 801 313-8425

CIRCLE 332 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CIRCLE 36 ON READER SERVICE CARD

HamCali CD-ROMUS" InlernaUOnal Callsl~Lookup

Over 1,000,000 listings end 1otrCOuntnes" In(;tudeIc us Clubs & Ud,tary Stat_/ HamCaII !CAlL program bob l4I: _ . addrns.

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alev_on R....... by . nt d. ta ..._011 PC. ...... name and l ip on till MAC _

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CD-ROM fDr a~ el ' l :I",n of sollwa...-No IIII'll diP requmtd · Pnnl l.abal$ · Expoll to llatdIdiskc>r t\of>Pt • TSFt ""Ill from la"" wiMow • Updaled WVI1'tAp'~ & OCt . St.ndlng ordet_ . c:c:eple<:l' 0.. .., diseount.10, 6 01 more' L. le. 1 Pyb!oc domain PC & MAC . otIware

Sa me low PIICe of SSO OO plys S 5 ,OO r.."~;"'~'~".:...._ _

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• is a ~lOn of program_ and dat . Nei.::-~ J lha l pertain to e lectTonici . broadea_hng.~_~/ ....1..., radio and SWL 1ICtiYCy.

<>v.r 1s.ooo f\IoK in total The dlK is upd1Iled and • • uedWI'I'Ii aMllolIIt ... All" & OCt 0- 200 mapb~ ormalerial is re.idenI on this CD-ROM. "" MAC & PC, s.ndfOUl order to 8udo:mu lli Publishing . S25 DO plIn SS DO

VoippiI'lI- 13UCKMASTERRoute 4, Box 1630 ' M.neraI. VA 23111

103:894-51n

S3 800:282-5628 ~103:894.9141(Fax) m4

Inlemet: iflloCbuck.oom

SCRAMBLING NEWS1552 Hertel Ave. ' 123. Buffalo , NY 14216

VOlcBlFAX/BBS 716·814·2088CO D . ... OX Add$6

CIRCLE 56 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Sell Your New & Used Gear In BARTER 'N' BUYClassified Ads Work! Call Judy Walker today. 1-800 -274-737 3

PAY TV AND SATELLITE DESCRAMBLINGAll Ne'" Info VOLWE 6 A;, Ne", I"fo._.---.,..-_..__......-.-­_.,.-. .., .... . f ' .... ScI., _ootr " St!l-' l>or lV_l~ loI~ ._~.w.-e-.-.g . _ _ ~,_ll8Sl

. COftllIlo't W_ ,I!Q. f ' AI _ _ . 1U II-. -.15 IISQ.M'''''''''''''rlO 4 ..... AlI_""". ._~". .... ....... .121.15

BROWNIES aSL CARDS SINCE 1939. catalog &samples $1 (refundable with order). 3035 Lehighstreet, AMentown PA 18103. BNB430

BunERNUT ANTENNAS. NEW---in box. (2}HF6­VX, $125.00; (2)HFSB. $200.00; (2)HF2V, $110 .00;{l)HF7VX. $150.00. (210)435061 90. BNB435

CALLSIGN WRISTWATCH - Free details .KC6UEC. 9438 Broadway. Temple City CA 91780.

BNB379

ew-ers. USN FLAMEPROOF KEY, new, packed19 55. $59 (shippi ng Included). Collectors. 15pages. mostly telegraphiC, refundable $2.00 plus 2Stamps. Joseph Jacobs. 60 Seaview Terr.. Notth­port NY 11768. BNB393

HR2510, RC129SO. CONNEX 3300, CO BRA 148,GA LAXY SATURN, plus many more kits to in­crease your modulation, $19.95. (800)536-01 09.

BNB350

aSL CARDS - Stand ard and custom. Your ideasor OUfS. Excellent quality. Foil stamping available.Many desIgns and type styles. Catalog and sam­ples $1.00 refundable . WILKINS, Dept. A, Boll.781. Atascadero CA 93423. BNB370

SERVICE • ••• • MONITORS , . • . • WANTED ,SERVICE • •• .. MONITORS . .• .. WANTED .• . • • • Any sne model ... . . Tast EQuipment. ... . . . call , (408)241-7376. BNB390

HAMS, DO YOU NEED PRINTER RIBBONS?Lowest prices. Color or Black. Tell us what youneed. Free Info. HARCLV(A), P.O. Box 830, Co­quille, OR 97423. BNB457

IT S BACKI The return 01 the HW·8 Handboolt!Second printing. Modifi cations fcH" the Heath ORPrigs. First class mail $11. OX add $4 for air mallshipping. Mike Bryce. WB8VGE. 2225 MayflowerNW, Massillon OH 44647. BNB404

KIT BUILDERSI Complete list 01 165+ kit vendors.'10 SASE + $3 .00 USC 10: AUTENBER ENGI­NEERING, 38045 10th 51. E. ItH75-AR, PalmdaleCA 93550. BNB365

NEW NN1G CW SUPE R.HET SINGLE BANDTRA NSCEIVER KIT. Available in 20M. 30M. 4OM.80M. $59 .95 plus $3.75 SIH. (Calalog-2 Stamps).DAN'S SMALL PARTS & KITS, 1935 South 3 rdWest ' I , Missoula M1 59801. BNB385

RADI O DOCTOR VIDEOS for Repair and Align·ment of HF Transceivers. Reviewed by GordonWest. January- 73 Magazine. Videos lor popularKENWOOD, YAES U. and ICOM . O RDE RS :(800)788-14 16 MCIVISA. Cata log : SAS E (2stamps); RADIO DOCTOR. 710 Teague Or.• «en­nesaw GA 3Ot 44. BNB442

FREE...Ham Rad io GOlpel Tracts: OX contactand Christian Helps. SASE: N1GDP. RAR·OFC,P.O. Box 8, Harmony ME 04942. BNB443

BARTER 'N' BUYContnu«1 from page 79

MAHL ON L OOMIS, INVE.NTO R OF RA DIO:(paten ted 1872) by Thomas Appleby. (Copyright1957). Available I rom JOHAN K.V. SVANHOLM,N3RF, SVANHOLM RE SEA RCH LABORATO­RIES, P.O. Box 81, Washington DC 20044. Pleasesend $25.00 donation with $5.00 klr $&H. BNB420

73 Amateur Radio Today ' September, 1994 81

Walking-Slick Yag"i?'--lI_H..w ~ ..~ No'" ~'. a .....Ik"'ll ... ·l -_ ..I ar...._ ..~~ ...l>h,.~..u.. Itu, ill·_ art" I II "'" .~""""tIor1 1 _ ylll! ,ho,--.off-­II""" W>j!eIher .. 2 m.l>Uk«, Ready I... 0..; T·II..... !l<.'a<Iy In l1C'l ~..... "~II"I "''' ..I I "'->Ie.,no, ,h<' f~I"'I '~r, 1'" I",.:m,. '"d"'I' "no.! ~""h.l. E"c~y_lhi"lIl i " ck.n.no.! "II'" _no.! ',",~h.

2l'!1< lc" i79. 70 em S4~. Wei~h' "nl ~ I Ih. ---lI,- -1Add S" Sh i l'l' i" ~ &: ll. fKlhnC' InlnS1,AntennaSUfost Onlel ll,,'LJnc

Il<,. ~XII',2_S PIo\-o lFT lWo05 80111 J7.1lJ.1l5CIRCLE 324 ON READER SERVICE CARD

T ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD METER T

SKED-ALARM A Windows based alarm to trackyour radio schedules. Keeps up to 5 skeds with du­al-digital <;lockS In UTCIloeal l ime/date. ReoordsTImelDateIFreql.l8l'1(;y. sere $22.50 (;hed< or M.O.to: SOFTSPARKS SOFTWARE, 2601 CartwrightAd., Suite 0 ,306, Missouri City TX 77459. (IncludeName and Call. Texas residents include state tax.]

BNB446

GOOD DX LOCATION on the serond highest hiUon the East Coast. Four bedroom yellow briCkreese. oveOOOking sandy Hook Bay. 65' militarytype tower. can(304)462-5575. BNB505

Reduc e exposure t o potentially h ar mf u lelectromagnetic fields . AlphaLab's handheld TrlFleJd"'"Meier measures AC electric fields , AC magn etic fi eld sand radio/m icrowave power density. Find ground faults,AC current wires o r measure high-field ge nerators withthe lfagnlltlc setting (.2 - 100 mllilgauss, 60 Hz); identifypoorly grounded or shielded equipment, high VDl orI luorescent li gh t f ie lds, d istinguish hOi VI . g round w iresw ith Electric setting (.5 - 100 k Vl m, 60 Hz); measureantenna rad iation patterns, leaky microwave ovens, etc.on RFlm/crowave setl ing (50 MHz to 3 GHz, .01 to 1mWlcm2).

Elec tric and magnetic sell ings ate omnidirectional ,measuring full magnitude of f ieldS without the need toreor ient the meter. Price 01 $145 Includes delivery andone-yea r warranty.

AlphaL.ab, 1272 Alameda Ave, Salt Lake City. UT 84102Cal l (801) 532-6604 lor speedier servi ce or freeliteratu re on etectrcm aqnetlc radiat ion health risks.

-::,. " .."" .., . .-""'... ;-- .",.. ....,'.... .' "'I '- , ',' ' ".,- ~ " I ',.~ • • .•~», ,

/2-'------_ ---- .---.-.-- ---_....

CDROM-94 HAM RADIO CALLSIGN DATA BASEHam Aadio Callsi gn Database With hundreds ofPC Compatible programs. radio mods. TCP/I PUsenet, Ham Radio Archives. FCC Rules & Regu­lations. current exam Question pools. and Canadi­an Call Signs. Only $24.95. with Wmdows/OOS In­terta ce . tnctuaes shipping! Send check 10:CDROM. 2348 Karen Dr.. '6, Santa Clara CA95050 or can (406)241-7376 wilh your Visa or MC.

BNB540

DACRON ROPE, WHY RISK FAILURES With aeri­al supports? Strong, high UV resistant, non-stretchMililary Type btadl DOUBL.E (unlike our eeeceu­tors' single) braided Dacron. 3/32-: $.06Ift.. 3116"(770 Ib. tesl): $.111ft.. 5116': $.16Ift DAVIS RF CO.24 HOUR ORDERS: (800~8-4773 . BNB557

Sell your product in 73 Amateur Radio TodayCall Dan Harper today. .. 1-800-274-7373

HF TRANSCEIVER, IC-781, mint. in Box. onlyused 10 hours. manuals induded, $3.700.00, Mike.(408)227-7460 aner 6 p.rn. BNB590

$$$ USA.BNB640

SATELLITE EQUIP MENT Best(800)851-6534.

VHF-UHF-SHF Large SASE. VHFer, P.O, Box 685.Holbrook AZ 86025. BNB660

UNNERSAL PROGRAMMERS Data 10. XELTEK.L.ogic nevces. Magic 10, EETools. Neednams,lrom $399.00. EPROM programmers Irom $117.call lor tree catalog, (408)241-7376. BNB645

WANTED; Western Electric tubes and other tubeaudio equipment. (800)251-5454. BNB615

DONT BUY QSl. CARDS UNTIL. YOU SEE MYFREE SAM Pl.ES . Also I spectanze in customcards and aSl. buSiness <;ards_ Write or call fortree samples and custom card ordering inlorma·lion. UTT1.E PRINT SHOP, Box 1160. PflugervilleTX 78660. (512)990-1192. Mastercard and Visanow accepted. BNB595

DUPLEXER TUNING GUIDE, A complete bookletshowing step-by-step inslru<;l ions on luning alltypes of duplexers. Induded Is theory of operation.delailed diagrams and mU<;h more. Send $9.95plus $2. 50 s&h to RGM PUBLICATI ONS. 533Main Street. Hillsboro NM 88042. For laster ser­vice using a major credit card call (505)895-5333and order today, 30 day money back guarantee.

BNB635

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ThIS " igI'I~. euy--tl'l-use rag. software l-..- auto­de-s'lln. auto-optimIZe and ~ormiIllCe aIlaly&1$ It wi llKcur~ely c.k:ulat. up to 11 .lements to 1 Gnl withboom and tIIpe,ed el..meol oompensat"'lI1'. • foldflodd,pCII .. opti"" , . nd prints aU ~I.., charts and gr.phsIIlctodes bolt> co-processor & 110~~

~..pc .", . 'M a-. VGA. _ CGo\. __00$ 1.. _

...._ .~-­.a....-.. ... _'......

•--• .I -

I" II: I,.1

0

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I;: ~, . -~ ~ '_ ~ ' __'_~.,!, '~'D.! ~ ' - , f--­.,

"DESIGNING A YAGI HASNEVER BEEN SO EASY!"

... T3Am.1'tecn-RMHo Todiry. April '94

HIGH QUALITY,GREAT PRICES,

PLUI)....;J

Why TakeChances?

EXPEDITED ORDERSERVICE FOR:

Gene!aJ ConmJrjcalion ' IrWslly' Marine VHF8canners •Amateur Bands • MK:roprocessor

Experimental

Get your FREE 1994 Catalog!CALL TOLL FREE: l-BDO-JAN-XTAL

CIRCLE 240 ON REAOER SERVICE CARD

HOT! NEW VERSION s39 .Quick - ~ 9 5me yaw ...c =

_$3.IXl_ ",n.(IJ"'~_· _C 7 ':' __ SASl: _ '..... _ . • l,l$a- ... ....--.-, __ _ , ,,., _ ..... . SpooaIy 3.5'".. , ~-__ ••

rITIIll RAJ EllIe".. ISotS (lIOl) &48-9755L..i1ii..U eoe N. 48th Dr. P" ...nl_, ,.z 65031

QSLS-ELEGANT, A FFOR DA BLE. Samples$1 (rel undable with order). AACO. Dept. S49.1639 Fordham Way, Mountain V_ CA 94040.

BNB670

HAM RADI O REPAIR- All makes and models.Fast. Professional Service. AFFORDAB L.E ELEC­TRONIC REPAIR, 7110 E. Thomas ao.. Scotts­dale AZ 8525 t . (602)945-3908. BNB700

82 73 Amateur Radio Today. s epterroer, 1994

Computer Aided Technolo~y, I ne, 10132 Monroe Dr, Dall.., Ts 1S229, C. II 214. )So-0888. Vi..IMC Accepted

Lea rn Code Faster & Eas lerBetter than Code tapesIdea l Ior Beginners to AdvanceTake it a nywhere to practice" Selectable code rates r rom 3 wpm to 23 wpm• 3 Ran dom code mode,

Ccennious ra ndo m code modePreprograme d code mode tor checking accu racylnte racnve code tra in ing

• Selectable le tter group s ror rester learning• Runs up 10 16 ho urs on one 9 vou ba ttery• D imensions I " x 3.8" x 2.4 " Add 1$.00 for SIH

CIRCLE 265 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CHIPSWITCH4773 Sonoma Hwy. Sulle 132Santa Rosa. CA 95409-4269

GIVE YOUR

HR-2510 HR-2600_ .._tnnrn .. _

"BIG RIGS"

Made in USA

:om S:'9 ""'" S,", 7~ ... _ S"" 160m $I;¥)

Anle""as U'esl Order T""."",~S1I"f" S I1bo~_uT~ Hot line 800-926-7373

CIRCLE 363 ON REAOER SERVICE CARO

Where 's th e Loop?.. ,.. .-..,. , lri<d lho

"bi!''' a to... ..., "bi!''' ••,.....,.,p.,.................. 0oסI, .., TV ;" Iho..,,,....... .....,......,~. .: _ .. iI••~l<qIjoN I)"":! - ~ """ ,..,,,~.."'''l"''Ily.Sc> I pII_ .-;or ...,~~_-t........ ""he "'~'" ............~ .I,.... iI ..h~. _ r. r<"''''I'..... -lIl ' ''''' Ill.u.r~~~ .. "

ROSS' $SS$ NEW SEPTEM BER (ONLY) SPE ­CiAlS. SAVE TIME AND MONEY HAVE MODELNUMBER AND MANUFACTURER READY WHENYOU CALL OR WRITE. KENWOOD, MB- 4ooo,$1 8.00; KNB-7A, $65.00; TH-22AT, $245.00; PB·10. $40.00: MFJ CAll; AlINCO CALL; YAESU SMFT-227R, $14.00: SM FT-902, $15.00; lCOM 4SAT,$36 5.00; 4KL, $6 ,175.00; AG·l , $80 .00 : 47A .$350.00; MICRO 4AT, $280.00; 3230A, $550.00;575A, $1,200.00; CUSHCRAFT 4218XL, $150.00;AL48-3S $30.00; A147·11 , $50.00 ; R7, $340.00 ;BENC HER CA LL ; BUTTE RNUT CALL; AEAPK64A1HFM, $145.00; TELEX HY·GArN CALL, RFCO NCEPT S CALL ; MIRAGE CAL L: LARS ENCALL; ROHN HDBX48. $550.00. LIMITED TIMEOFFERS. LOOKI NG FO R SOMETHING NOTLISTED OR HARD TO FIND? CAll OR WRITE.OVER 9000 ham-relate<1 items in slock lor iml"l'l(l(fi·ale shipment Men1ion ad. PriCeS cash, FO.B. Pre­ston. HOURS TUESDAY·FRIDAY 9:00 TO 6:00,9:QO.2:oo P.M. MONDAYS. ClOSED SATURDAY &SUNDAY. ROSS DISTRIBUTING CO MPANY, 78SOUTH STATE. PRESTON ID 83253. (208}852­0830. BNB707

ELECTRON TUB ES; A1l lypes and sizes. Transmil­ling. receiving. microwave . . . large inventory •same day shipping. DAIL.Y ELECTRONICS, 10914NE 39th S1. Su ite B-6, Vancouver, WA 98682.(800)346-6667 or (206}896-8856. BNB719

MI NIATUR E POLICE RADAR TRANSMITTEROne mile range, $41 assembled, $31.00 kil . 9025Coldwater Ret . Bldg. looA, Fort Wayne IN 46825.

BNB725

CIRCLE 216 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Sell your product in 73 Amateur Radio TodayCall Dan Harper today.. . 1-800-274-7373

CALL USTODAYII

DRA KE L.4B AMPLIFIER. excellent. S700.00:Drake 2B receiver with Q-Mull iplier. excellent,$100.00. AI plus shipping. caesar Arena W2SW.1090 River Rd. TrentOll NJ 08628. (609)883-6336.

BNB745

HAM RADIO REPAIR-Prompl service. ROBERTHALL ELECTRONICS, 1660 McKee Rd., Suite A,san Jose CA 95116. (408)729-8200. BNB751

GET YOUR " FCC COMMERCIAL. GENERA L. RA­DIOTELEPHONE LICENSE" . Electronics HomeSi udy. Fas!. inexpensive! "Free" d etail s. COM­MAND PRODUCTIONS. 0 -174 , Box 2824, SanFrancisco CA 94126-2824. BNB761

WA NTED; HAM EQUIP MENT AND OTHERPROPERTY. The RadiO Club of JuniOr High School22 NYC, Inc. is not only Ihe Big Apple's la rgestHam d ub but also the nalion's only full time. n0n­

profit organizalion. working to get Ham RadiO inlOschools around the country as a theme lor teach­ing using our EDUCOM-Education Thru Communi­cation·program. Send your radio to school. Yourocnatec amateur or related properly, which will be

picked up or shipping arranged, means a tex de­duction to the full exte nt or the law for you as weare an IRS 501 (c) (3) chari ty in our fourteenthyear 01 service. Your help witl also mean a wholenew world or educational opportunity lor childrenaround the country. Radios )'OU can Wlite off. kidsyou can't, Enjoy ee ooming lall season by helpingsomeone else and yourself. Please. write-phone-orFAX the WB2JKJ "'22 Crew" loday: The RC of JHS22, PO. Box 1052. New York NY 10002. Telephone(516)674-4072 or FAX (516)674-9600. 'lbung ceo­ple , nationwide. can gel high on Ham Radio wilhyour help. Meel us on the WB2JKJ CL.ASSRClOMNET: 7.238 MHz. 1100-1230 UTC and 2 1.3 95MHz. 1300-1900 daily. A new school te rm is justbeginning, your help now could change the courseof many a young persons luture. BNB762

In Packet RadioEnte r the exc itingworld of packet ra­dio today with HowTo Get Sta rted InPacket Radio . DaveI ng ra m , K4TW J.wrote thi s begin­ne r' s g u ide topacket radio in an

easy- to-understand manner. It starts witha non-technical description of packet ra­dio. followed by chapters that includegetting started. setting up your station.networks. BBSs. portable and high-Ire­quency operation and even a Packet Ra­dio Equipment Survey. There ' s also anappendix that includes circuits for inter­facing equipment. J oin the most excit­ing and rapidly growing area of hamradio today! Order your copy of How ToGet Started In Packet Radio book foronly $9.95! (plus $2.00 S&H).

......... NARA~~lNJlO~1.oUJClP,I

P.O. Box 598, Remond, WA 98073Orders Only HIOD-GOT-2-HAM

InquIrIes (206) 869-8052

CIRCLE 223 ON READER Sf:RVlCE CARO

The hiX name in sma ll antennas...

The HICII SIERRA antenna:Operate anywhere from 3.5 M Hzto 30 M H.... w itho u t leaving yo urc ar. "Mo noband" performance!

$299 plus S & H V ISNMC(m our ns and w hip s sold separately )

High S les-ra A n ten nasRox2389

Neva d a C ity. C A95959 USA

Tel: 9t6-273-3415F ax: 916-273~7561

B rochure Ava ihlb lcCIRCLE 87 ON READER SERVICE CARO

73 Amateur Radio Today· September, 1994 83

FOX TANGO NEWSLETTER Collectors Edil ions.Call lor years available, entire library, $30.00. Greatlor Yaesu Bflthusiasl. INTERNATIONAL RADIO &COMPUTER. INC. (407}489-5609. BNB776

FFlEE IBM SHAREWARE AND HAM CATA LOG.Morse Code Computer Inlerlaces, $49_95. DYNAM­IC ELECTRONICS, Box 896. Hartselle AL 35640.(205)773-2758, FAX (205)773·7295. BNB81 5

MOFlSE CODE MUSIC!·Do Aerobic s, Sing, o rJog. while learning codel Sensational new discov­ery a nd now Ihe secret Is you rs! Orde r T HEFlHYTH M OF THE CODE casselle todayl $9.95ppd KAWA RECORDS P.O. Box 319-S. Weymouth.MA 02188. The HIT of the Dayton Hamvention!

BNB82.

WANTED: BUY AND SELL All types 0' ElectronTubes. Call (612)429-9397, Fax (612)429-0292.C So N ELECTRONICS. Harold aremsteet. 6104Egg lake Road. Hugo MN 55038. BNB915

R-390A- SAlES-5ERVICE-PARTS. Into SASE:MILTFlONIX, P.O. Box 3541, 'roiecc OH 43608.

BNB813

CRYSTAL SET HANDBOOK now available Iromlhe Xtal Set Society. Includes projects. lormulas.and 3 issues 01 our newsletter. $12.95. Join theXTA l SET SOCIETY and receive 6 bi-rnonthlynewsletters, $9.95. Remit 10: P.O. Box 3026. St.Louis Me 63130. BNB885

FOR SALE 01'1 T RA DE Ta sc am 424 and L T.Sound VE 3+. all new, cost. $2,000.00, win sen lor$1,700.00 or trace on amateur equipment 01 equalvalue. Call, (601)795-0804. BNB860

ELECTFlONICS GFlAB BAGI 500 pieces 01 newcomponenls: Inductors. capacitors, diodes, resis­tors. $5.00 postpaid. AllTRONICS. 2300 ZankerBd., San Jose CA 95131. BNB855

SERIOUS ABOUT SOLAR POWER? The PVSPstarter kit comes with a 32 wan SOlarex VlX paneland a ten amp Sunlogic charge controller. Specia lIntrod uctory price $275 plus $7 shipping. SUN­LIGHT ENERGY SYSTEMS, 2225 Mayflower NW,Massillon OH 44647. BNB774

THE ANARCHIST'S BBS is a resource lor anar­chists, investigators. researchers. computer hack­ers and phone pnreaks. Categories r-enee: Com­puter hacking . Investigation lechniques. Telecom­munications technology and Surve i llanc e. Call(21" )289-8328101" free trial access. BNB831

AGGRESSIVE SALES REPRESENTATNE seek­Ing additional employment. Wouk:l like 10 sell ama­teur radio equipment. (910)299-1298. BNB800

FC C CO MMERCIAL LICENS E PREPARATIONFlADIOTElEPHONE-RADlOTELEGRAPH. Latesthome study last easy audio v ideo. a & A pooldis ks. FRE E oetans WPT PUBLICATIONS(800)800-7588. BNB840

JOIN TAPR.TUCSON AMATEUR PACKET RADIOSupport the development 01 new communicationstechnology. Benefits: newstener, software/Share·ware, discount on kits and publications. $lSJyear,Visa/M e accepted. When Joining, mention 73. re­ceive Packet Radio Gene ral Info booklet ($7 value)!(817)383-0000 . Mall :8987·309 E. Tanque VerdeAd. '337, Tucson AZ 85749-9399. SNa76S

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Th<J34<>,OO aul...·T_ ONV Snl., Power SuppI) ko<po ) "'"rq><.'er "" ,"" u , '"""nd "'" doxk '" _ on Y"'" un.. HI' ....ionfIOb.. a _ h. e-rol <,mo Oo. op<eo1Idou,.. proOeClI ,.1 «11& "­.._ _ . ",,11,_. QRV.~. E&oIIlo "I'&"'l«l

.... SI0 SaM .... S1 AntennasWest(8D1.)373-8US -'0062 """"'UT""-I(oQ.(

CIRCLE 336 on READER SERVICE CARD

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84 73 Amateur Radio Today · Septembe r, 1994

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20N l 03 EIe~lronil; Powe r Supply Handbook ., , .... R.S,..d ..;, Co.~ ~ '11'<" of .upplic.~,, < ri<•. "",plc AC""",Ii< ....u. "'I'I'!;",. ;",'<rt<J"- $10$

2ON104 ElKVonic Test Equipment HlIlldbooll ,.,. s. /fI,...~ A ."OJ< 10 "'<1n"," "'" cqu;1'"'<'" f.... the ,".i_ ' -lIn..'ian.." uJ<.. ;an.! hum< ...,h",i;r.l , SIUICI

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03R02 Ally Toda y II.. IJu,·" ' •.<'"'" \ 10><1.," ¥"iil< ,<I """". ur..... """k1)('<. SlBtI

05EOJ Flf1' t 800Il of Modem Elecuonics t"niqu< ,,"*,1' ,lui_ ..._~ " ""1- SIl.'15

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09P33 PIra1a Radio Dire(tgry '" Gtl""" TLlIrr 1'.-'""" to..., ;".. ~e-n.o"".""' __ S7.'"

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10F093 1993 lntematloNl Callbook The """ 199, 1"", im:IlC:tI_ I !O IlJ "'.....,... .. "'"~.....,. ,ok\0""" Am<rio.:.. 11 ""..,.. 50 \1Il<fi,;... [wup<-•.\ hie...\ , ia. .....P-..:if", ..... I",.:""h. ~ 11.P."ji-' "'" r.s. p'..."".._L Sl9.9:'

02610 Hei11l'1 NoItI'Via In: Tttr.< I'r<dw KW I ~a ~ i'1uI<..-lh~' of"'" _ C~. I.......... _)' r.-l .".,_ i.... .-ritunIb)- """ ~.... .....hIoil .~_ " _..

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12E.1 s.eond laYel Basic BacbOiCl I',.,....ri- It,- ........... •., /1.'", ..1 ,. _ Scqud '"~ F.ln' "","'" Itloruu:fI,'"'''' ...... rt "'" _ ..,.... ..."" .. >wIi01l .....-.. \-t.tS

01[).65 The I lustr;oted Oictionlry 01 Electronic.. 5th Ed~. R".'1'. r~.-J sa.. Gihi!i.." A. " ........ ;' . I;'" of •, -. """"tid...... p:oo.i.al "il/I ,...,......-., '1 mho ...-, i... , Sl' .'1j;

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2ON096 HO'" To Read SchetnatlCll (.th Ed.) b,' /J<,.wIJ t:1I",, ';"e"'" I\'ri tlcn f", lh< I'c~ ill nc, in "ICCI",n"'. hu, i, , I", ,""'­'.,io, iuf",ma'"u' ,.11,-","" ,,, tlo: h."'~.,i" ,,11<1 ,,"~in• •ri"~ ""hn;·,.",". 51 ~.V~

20N097 Rndio Opll'nlor', Wor ld All" 1>,' 11',, 11 5',1",,'0.\Wf'I' TIli, i" ""mp"'.-' I~,i,. <k1Oil<", ,nJ ""nr ..h<"';'"'" ,w kl .. I., Jc,i~1"k."Il t" to: .. """"'''' ,"",,' I"l' "'-""f"In ion "or ,;oj i"''f''' r..,,.... ~17.'1;

2O"I02ll Secrets ol Rf CirCUit Design ", J"'rrI< l C~"

WIiot<;n in etc;ll' """·'<d' n.... la"~....t • . ,'''''. '' ....fJ'hin~ lrom_ .......,.. " ............. 51'.5lI

2ON109 n Magazine Indln 1961).1990,\ ."mrlc,,, inJ" , ,,, ''''1} a".,k ruhli. """ ift 1J .If~ ...:"'"'h<N;:!I l""'l. 8<. 01. SI~.IJU Ill\! .. ..-I.. ;oro: '''1'''''''')'1)1"'1 5111

2ON t1 0 Product Reviews Since 1~ C~ .. .... '"~."'") fII"'oIu<t ""....., ...... Iu """,,-.l ;" (/ST. CQ. II.. 73 _--..... Ik""- 512.'1j; 18 \ 1 _ ~.~ SI."

68111036 I~ \\orid Ibd;o.n' 11.....-.. 6lIlp. C-.,--t>r-'_I) lbIi..,. .. "-l:. mod...... -.I "'on"..", """""' .., ...I;'" ~l r_~. ,in"<. U<l laD,...,•. 1....-. .....-w 11""ton..J,; ...-k1I>r<uk....., i . F.n~I;.."- 1In>.od< , akI..' ...."""""' , ' .. ..-. ..., • _ '"UIhcr,_ i<lJ .._,..... AU_ ftoo- ....I)· \2 • . Amat;"I'

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06551 1993 Panport to World Ba n dR.dlo 1>.,' I,"cm"'i,mal Ilr",,,k,,,.,,,,~

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03511 S hortwave Re ceivers Put andP,..aent c,li lcJ fry' F,,'J J. O, ,,·,n.,,, Gui<k In~I ~I~ .hu".. . , . """i,'c" man""...·'''''.,J in Ih.1.." ~l ~ ...r,. Tho: IIIU< B,.,k , ~. ,1M,..,, ", <....ll"'alU<. SII.'15

07R25 The RTTY Li._ ~ Fml O.~,.

""... So,,' <,,....w, Th;" ."",-;oIiK<l ,,"ri

'''''' r,I" , i" I ,h...u~h ~S " r th" ItITruw..... ,'1.....-.J.,~•. C,"', Ul'-,n-;!:"". Ibnf·,... rind ia f"rmali..a du",." Rny .1Idf ,",X ... ....",ona: ,,,...""oq ~"" f""l.........;.-".5 1 9.~

03C09 Shortw..... Clandestine COnfiden-tial ~ WTrJ L L'<-.''''' C........ ~I .-.- ....twoaJ.·"..ift,. '-.-.r).b) ..."""",,: "" II. ".............. .a i.JIN inf."""""., ~. No .~nl.. r, d"", 1i~h""". ","'1. ~n:hi" •.-lin.,.,:m ~. SII.~

0 3 t.42 2 1 US Milit.ry Communi ~.lion.

(P. rt 1) l.·S \ lilil.1r)· """,,,,u,,.,,,i,,n .""......1..... ""... ,, ",.• . Cm . ", f",q...,.. : ifi. tr,..:lt"""",nn ",,,m. ',,.p,,in. f""l"e',,:i. , f" , ,"" l'hilir ·pin. ,. h p. n . "J "'"rc•. InJ ian .nJ p.drie0......" , . anoJ m,"", 512.9S

03M222 US Mliil ary Commun i~.tion.

(P.rI2) CO". " L:S (''' ' '1 Guard . ~ASA.CAP. F,\,'. I)<pl. " I' [n,·rn . F.d<,,,1 [ me' ·~.,"~. \bll a~..n<", A~.,,,"~. Di,a"e , (·" ,un".ni,::"~.,,,. r('c, lX f'!. "f J""i". ,1'",,,, I ~ " C' '"IlCl7.I "C.SI2.'I5

03t.4223 US Milit.ry Co",muni~atlonl

(P. rt 3) C'''''rlc''', ,"" ,."" "".1;111 r"""",,,,, )Ii., " I l'S " .I;,;ary ...,,, ....,., 1m... H'I'l.\ ",C ,..21.'1-1--1 ",C. SI2.~

09&42 TIl. $canne r Lislene, ·. H. ndbookI»)' &j'""nj ,'iI"m<t" .-\'2IJFF C,<Ilh< m,," ou\ ,,()"'" .,.an,.., r....i", 5l~.~;

11 T88 Tune in on Te te p ho ne Ce ll. 1,-"T.". 1.:, ,"-1"'1 K2AES F'>r",..".J .., .. f""I"''':)'Ii" ,, ;,h <k' ail«l <k"~il" io,,, "r """h ,,,,,,,·i.·,, . uJi., ~"a'i,u, in RF 'pc"""m. 5 1 ~.'1~

03 K205 Guide to Red iol iletype (Rny)Stat ion. />, J . I.: li" " " ,,/ ,.... l ·"".,.,1 ",.,k,," .'" .11 IlTTY " ..tio"" fmm .~~I H,·.~n\lI l1.

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CST

il'l-79A

"'0",, 8"""'".....""""• dol-mal"" LCD (Iol'• pe<lect ....."..numenc display), 82memon&S, non·volalile memory wrtll10... OTSS. OTMF &C I CSSVN &UIUreceive & ' FET'power ma ke thISa wl,mer.

Compact endconflOent. thISdu.8I ~nd HTsets el<Citing­SUlnda1ds Iol'-­~~,tiofls bycombiningslmplle,ty ofopurelion WItha multiplicity01 tuatures

1-800-426-2891Fax (612) 786-6513

Call for CatalogAsk for Ext, 22

Nelli leat..... H1lt1epace in this new dualband mobile , 6 pr0­gram mode~nes. 72 memones,AlP dual in band RX.cress enc.. DTSSeoc. " mo<t! provide apencrmarce edgeenhanclXl by thewireless remov·able l ront",..

$545~,2 DaVDelivery

' Up lo 12 1bs. in Conllnental USA

-'­, ~ -

The TS-79OA sets

=~opIJOOall200 104Hzunrt . alows Iti-bllndcoverage. Dual blindr\ladOuts andcentre's offer main,sub band and evenIUII·duplexcross-bandope,al...,.,

, --"­"NN

~ Enjoy high perIor.~ manee corrwnuflICll-... lions pIuS oo-any­::;: wtlere~;:;: .,;tt, the wotIlfs small ­:::l est l 00w mobile HF~ transceiver, All

• modes and all• ba nds com­

plete thispackage.l im rted sup­p1KlS.

,••-

' 34995

This new hand ITI()o

bile botJows its ""l"_Q&dness lrom the FT­2400H whole addinggteat new leal......""" .......track lIme<. bme CUlltuner, A,P,O. 9600bps OPIiofl . 31 meffiOones, lhe new"omnl·glow"LCD and

more'...,.;

il'l-22AiSma~ lust gotsmaller.Kenwood's.-TH.22A,Tis III a calegoryaI its own.This_ -_.......~~=keypad, user·''-­syslem, scanlunct~ '11 1OOffiOorias, CTvSS~rnui£TSS,,

FT-530

... ,---

This new HT

r,acks lheeal ures you

want m a smallsize, II fealufes._alpha..menc dlsplay,-­pt'Ohle.~square -0"banery desIlIn,III keypad , Ald aot craftrece IVe, DSO &CTCSS encode ,

"­"NN- A blend 01 hogh .: petlotmatlCllleatures

borrowed from the FT­~ 1000 lamolya,._ et:lI"bI lOd ., lhts"" alfotdable 1t'atlSCeivef.::J IF shill. vanable notct1'" filler. variable

• no,se, blanker,VOX.. and anturma

•• " .. lune' a re... included.

•

",.VHF/UHF Ui-

"''''''".'"~~""'"optional includes.....,_.such as, dlred Ire­~entry.CTCSS encode,DTMF remote oontfoland much, mucllmore, Also aveil·able in a tn­band model

M-942A

: """,~ ...". " ,- .

is_950S0)l

$Rlelhl. and alI-mode2m'7llcm WOfk getsexciIinQ WI1It Ihii ......teall,l''8 Ir~,Lio~ed tuning, 12......~ memones, 100rne<tlOtI&S, and 2QIlbOnal modulesoflets bandexlensions 1m6m, 220MHz,ert.a c ae

rabOn••

....­and surgo::al precosionare MCOtld nature 10the TS·950S0X.Featu' llS includedual I,equency ...ce!V9, 100 rnemcree,DSP. MOS FET flns lsecacn andml,lClI muchmo.

SAVE

'.0....

- '-~--~

.'1 •

•• •--,The 10-728 is a fullleatured It'anICeioe,l'>nWIllong pleasu'abIeHF ope<alion-.tllleatures such '$passband n.-.ing andSP&&Ch oompt&SSlOfl .Perl ect lor mobileoperation too ,Also availab leIC·729 wi th6 mele.,., .

This oow 2 melertransceille< ptOYOCle$dual band recei.e andorves you • Oa"" porilhars 9600 baudready, CTCSS encode .• I memol">ltl , crossband repeal, li me oullIme r, DT SS andmuch more.

Kenwood's lechnoI­COY endows the TS·850SIAT ""th specsmat place it at thetop 01 amateu' radioequ,pment. AutomatICantllllt1. tuner, 100memories, threescan modes,DDS, digilalPLL systemplus more.

"­"NN-••••,

",.. new 2 melernllcmdual band mobile __ you WI1It HlItI~ INlur<lS. II SPOrtsa temO'I8bIe Iron!panel. 5<!Paraleoontrols lot tunong­volume . nd squek h.Remole controlmike,

A <:o:>mpaeI. 1iahtwe;gMraOO -M\tll00w "ana-" -, eapabilities onill ..... . ...-eur bandtRUQQOd rellability ismafdwld WIth Ioad'nQ­eece electronics. aula­mal", antenna luner.AlP system, a ndDDS 10' fineluning.

"­"""~ ThIs ...... satelltleDual band .. mode

'" baM It C1lili~ 10-~ criticall*tor­::: manQt WIth loom::;: technology~I"::;, Irv1Ity poteet Featu...s"" Include Dale po<t,, SO memooes,

TXCO, Noise~ Blenker,

. '. DOS. Com­pact me andmore.

This new 2 melef/44OcmDual bend .. illlOlhelscar in a~ ptOlb:tIn!! '4' lor 1lXIm. Fea­..........­...,,-"'"squelch ...... "'... Iofeadl band. 100 memo­res. hiQh P'J""ef oul-pulmake lfi,s ccen­pelibvelyr­uM a reawlnoor

IC-820H

AII!f'K>r1q(l Factory Warranty CenIIKw._-,__••,••• ......,. "" -.~ ....._.__..._ ....__ o..- ... _~_.., otqlOirlng __.....,__.. _ . "" ..... n. . ...... : ,,-_a ,... IIwoIng_"-'__....... 1'IOt1IlJ ~_ ........... _ ~_dan,__..._ il ler .. dD .""""" C,A P . M."-R.S._.._. • ..__...__.......

2663 County Road ~ Mounds VIeW, MN 55112Metro: (612) 78&4475· Nat'! watts: 1-800-426-2891• FAX (61 2)786--6513

Store Hours: fH,10:00 em -6:00 pm, sat., 10:00 am · 5:00 pmPhone Hoors: PM,8:00 am · 8:00 pm, Sat., 10:00 en- 5:00 pm

CIRCLE 153 ON READER SERVICE CARD

ExpiresSeplemb&r

199'1

Pr'ooM Subjed To Change Wilhoul Notial.

N o other dual bandhandheld beats the FT-530 onfeatures for performance andease of use. With the largestbacklit keypad available.82 memories. exclusive DualCTCSS Decode and AMAircraft Receive, the FT-530is simply the best valuethere is.

Compare for yourself.then forget "the rest ." Seeyour dealer for the best dualband handheld you can buy.The FT-53U

Performance without compromise."YAESU

vs."

Kenwood AJ_ iconFEATURES TH-78A ru-sso CW-21AT

Memory Channels 50 40 70

Slide-out ljtnlum Battery NO NO NODual ClCSS Decoder NO NO YES

Battery Voltage Readout NO NO NO

Automatic CTCSS NO NO NOTone Sean:h

Trnnsmt Bettery Save< NO NO NO(Repea1e< & Srnplex ()pe<aOOn)

Built-In Vox NO NO NO

One Touch Reverse Button NO NO NO

Dual In-Band Receive YES NO YESC"+v, U+U)

Programmable External NO NO YESSpeaker Audio

Optional Digital Display NO NO NOMic with "S" Meter

AM Aircraft Receive

H• Freque ncy CGverage:

N kter 130-174 MHz RX144·148MHz TX

70cm 430-450 MHz RXIfX• 4 IX Power levels:

w..fHB-2S:2.0. 1.5. 1.0. O.SWWJfN1J.27:5.0. 3.0. 1.5. O.5W

• DTMF PaoifIO and cooed SQuelch• AOT - Auto Ort-Tmer with buift-in

clock n alarm fu nctions• IBS - lfI(elligent Band seect (pr0­

vides automatic IX band select onscan stop)

• 8ackIil keypad and diSplay withbme delay

• BUilt-incross-band repeal functiOn• APO - Automatic Power Off• 5 Waltsoutput wI FNB-27 banery

or12VDC• 2 VFO'sfor each band• Accmotles:NC~ t -Hour Desk ChargelFNIJ.25 600 mAIl Batlery (2 watt)fNB·2tj l lXX1 mAIl Bane{}' (2 wattlFXB·21 600 mAt! Battery (5 wan)FBA-12 6 AA telllioldertsC-5I VIIlyl case wI FNB-25CSc-sl VII'lyl case wi FNB·M7f ·[lC.58 12 VOC AdaptorYlt-2 Headselfor VOXMK-1ZA2B SpeakerMicMH-11A2B lapel Speaker MitMH-11A2B Mini Earpiece MitMH-2tA2B l CD Display Mil:with

Remote FunctionsMMB-54 Mobile Mounhllll

HangerC 1993Yaesu USA, 17210 Edwards Road. Cerritos, CA90701(310) 404-2700

SpecdltallOOS subjl!C\ to change wiltlout nollCe. Specifications ~ ua(anteed 001')' wrt\lin amateur tares Some eccessoees atldIor optlOOS are slalldard in certain areas Check w;lh your local Yaesu aealer tor specific aetailS.