प्रधान संपादक राजेश कुमार झा - yojana

;kstuk] flracj 2014 1

o"kZ 58 � vad 9 � flracj 2014 � Hkknzin&vkf'ou] 'kd laor 1936 � oqQy i"B 60

izèkku laikndjkts'k dqekj >k

laikndt; flag

½rs'k ikBd

laikndh; dk;kZy;538] ;kstuk Hkou] laln ekxZ]

u;h fnYyh&110 001nwjHkk"k% 23717910] 23096738

VsyhiQSDl% 23359578bZesy% [email protected]

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la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu)oh- ds- eh.kk

O;kikj O;oLFkkid (izlkj ,oa foKkiu)lw;Zdkar 'kekZ

nwjHkk"k% 26100207iQSDl% 26175516

bZesy% [email protected]

vkoj.k% thih- èkksis

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lnL; cuus vFkok if=kdk eaxkus ds fy, vki gekjs fuEufyf[kr fcØh dsanzksa ij Hkh laidZ dj ldrs gSa% lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks dkWEIysDl] yks/h jksM]u;h fnYyh&110003 (nwjHkk"k% 24367260] 5610)] gky la] 196] iqjkuk lfpoky;] fnYyh&110054 (nwjHkk"k% 23890205) *701] lh& foax] lkrohaeafty] dsanzh; lnu] csykiqj] uoh eqacbZ&400614 (nwjHkk"k% 27570686) *8] ,lIykusM] bZLV] dksydkrk&700069 (nwjHkk"k% 22488030)] *^,* foax]jktkth Hkou] caly uxj] psUubZ&600090 (nwjHkk"k% 24917673) *izsl jksM u;h xouZesaV izsl ds fudV] fr#vuariqje&695001 (nwjHkk"k% 2330650)*CykWd la&4] igyk ry] xgdYi] ,eth jksM] ukeiYyh] gSnjkckn&500001 (nwjHkk"k% 24605383) *iQLVZ Ýyksj] ^,iQ* foax] dsanzh; lnu] dksjkeaxyk]caxyq#&560034 (nwjHkk"k% 25537244) *fcgkj jkT; dksvkWijsfVo cSad Hkou] v'kksd jktiFk] iVuk&800004 (nwjHkk"k% 2683407) *gkWy la&1]nwljk ry] dsanzh; Hkou] lsDVj&,p] vyhxat] y[kuÅ&226024 (nwjHkk"k% 2225455) *vafcdk dkWEIysDl] iQLVZ Ýyksj vgenkckn&380007(nwjHkk"k% 26588669) ds- ds- ch- jksM] u;h dkWyksuh] deku la[;k&7] psuhdqVh] xqokgkVh&781003 (nwjHkk"k% 2665090)

pans dh njsa% okf"kZd% ` 100 f}okf"kZd% ` 180] =kSokf"kZd% ` 250] fons'kksa esa okf"kZd njsa% iM+kslh ns'k% ` 530] ;wjksih; ,oa vU; ns'k% ` 730

;kstuk dk y{; ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl ls lacafèkr eqn~nksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa ds O;kid lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZds fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA ;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa ds vius gSA t:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjrljdkj ds ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA if=kdk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrq dsfy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA

bl vad esa� laikndh; & 3

� Hkkjr esa 'kgjh uhfr vkSj dk;ZØe% vrhr vkSj Hkfo"; vkj ch Hkxr 7

� 'kgj] lekt vkSj yksdra=k% D;wjhVhck dk vuqHko jktsUnz jfo 11

� >qXxheqDr Hkkjr dk ,d n`f"Vdks.k vferkHk dqaMq 15

� Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa xzkeh.k lekos'k ujsUnz if.k 19

� fo'ks"k vkys[k

xaxk esa çkÑfrd ty çokg dh vfuok;Zrk ,p-,l- lsu 23nhikadj ?kksjk;

� LekVZ 'kgjksa ds fy, ;kstuk% dgka ls gks 'kq#vkr ,l paæ'ks[kj 30fugkfjdk osadVs'k

� Åaph Nrksa ij gjh&Hkjh nqfu;k lat; JhokLro 33

� uxj fu;kstu rc Hkyks] tc u dpjk] gka ikuh v#.k frokjh 37

� mÙkj mnkjoknh 'kgjh Hkkjr esa uxj fu;kstu f'k{kk jksyh vj.;k 41psru oS|

� rhoz 'kgjhdj.k vkSj Hkfo"; dh rS;kjh xkSjo dqekj 45

� uxjh; 'kklu esa lgHkkxh ekWMyksa dh t:jr iadt dqekj >k 49

� D;k vki tkurs gSa & 552

� lwpuk rduhd ls ySl gksaxs LekVZ 'kgj dfork iar 53

� fodkl iFk & 56

ljksdkjksa ls nwj gksrk yksdra=k

;kstuk fganh ekfld tqykbZ 2014 dk vadi<+k tks fd yksdra=k ,oa pquko lq/kj ijdsafær FkkA Hkkjr dh turk vkt yksdra=k lstqM+ko eglwl ugha djrh D;ksafd 'kk;n gekjkyksdra=k turk ds ljksdkjksa ls nwj gks jgk gSAge cM+s xoZ ds lkFk dgrs gSa fd ge nqfu;kds lcls cM+s yksdra=k gSaA fdarq ;g ckr HkhlkS izfr'kr lR; gS fd pquko thrus ds fy,usrk lEiznk;okn tkfrokn] izkarokn] Hkk"kkokndh vkM+ ysrs gSaA D;k ;g fojks/kHkkl ugha gS]jktuhfr dk iru ugha gS\

ge cM+s xoZ ls dgrs gSa fd ge nqfu;kds lcls cM+s yksdra=k gSa] tcfd ,f'k;k dsvf/dka'k ns'kksa esa yksdra=k dk nhid ;k rkstyk ugha vkSj vxj tyk rks tYnh gh cq>x;k ;k cq>us ds fudV gSA

yksdra=k ij bl cgl ds chp gesa ;g ughaHkwyuk pkfg, fd jk"Vªoknh vkanksyu ds xkaèkhoknhnkSj esa efgyk,a cM+h la[;k esa ?kj dh pkjnhokjhls ckgj fudyh Fkh vkSj Lora=krk dh yM+kbZ esamUgksaus vge~ ,oa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhAvkt efgyk,a gj {ks=k esa iq#"k ds lkFk dne lsdne feykdj viuh varfuZfgr {kerk ds cyij vkRe fo'okl vkSj lkgl ds lkFk iq#"kiz/ku lekt esa vius vfLrRo dk vglkldjokus dk liQy iz;kl dj jgh gSaA ;fn Hkkjresa uohurk ykuh gS rks mls efgykvksa ds laca/esa mfpr O;oLFkk dk ekxZ iz'kLr djuk gksxk]

;kstuk] flracj 20142

D;ksafd dbZ LFkkuksa ij vyx&vyx Lohdk;Zfof/;ksa ds dkj.k efgykvksa ds lkFk mfprU;k; ugha gks ikrk gSA

izdk'ku foHkkx dh laiknd vkj- vuqjk/kth ds vlkekf;d fu/u dh tkudkjh HkhfeyhA vkj- vuqjk/k th vfr lEekuuh;laikndksa esa ls ,d gSA eSa lHkh ;kstuk fganhikBdksa dh rjiQ ls mUgsa lPph J¼katfyvfiZr dj jgk gwaA Hkxoku mudh vkRek dks'kkafr nsA vkxjk esa vktdy ckyHkkjrh eqf'dyls fey ik jgh gSA bl ij è;ku nsaxsA

[kq'kky flag dksyhiQrsgiqj lhdjh] mÙkj izns'k

pquko lq/kj esa vkfFkZd lq/kj

;kstuk ds tqykbZ 2014 vad ds varxZr JhmfeZys'k fyf[kr ys[k pquko lq/kj ij [kkeks'khD;ksa* i<+kA okLro esa vR;ar nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gS fdpquko vk;ksx ds ckj&ckj iz;kl ds ckn HkhrFkk laLrqfr;ksa ds ckn Hkh jktuhfrd nyksa }kjk^lq/kj* fo'ks"kr% vkfFkZd fu;eu lEca/h lqèkjdh lgefr rks ns nh tkrh gS ijarq dksbZ lkFkZddne ugha mBk;k tkrk ;|fi pqukoksa esamEehnokjksa dh [kpZ lhek rks r; dh x;h gSijarq jktuhfrd nyksa ij vKkr&Kkr lzksrksa lsizkIr /ujkf'k ij dksbZ ca/u ugha] tks ikjn'khZyksdra=k ds fy, vèoa'kd gSA ;s dkys /u dsi;kZ; dgs tk ldrs gSa] ftu ij udsy dlusdk dke Hkh vFkkZr laoS/kfud fu;eu dkdk;Z Hkh mUgha ds gkFk gS tks buls Lo;aykHkkfoUr gks jgs gSa ftuds fy, iwjs ra=k esaifjorZu dh vko';drk gSA

uxsUæ izrki flagdjeSuh] lar dchj uxj]

mÙkj izns'k

lq/kjksa dh vfHkO;atuk

tqykbZ 2014 vad csgn izHkkoiw.kZ] Kkuo¼Zd]jkspd o vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ yxkA blesa yksdrkaf=kdiz.kkyh ds vkèkkj LrEHkksa dks js[kkafdr djrs gq,pquko izfØ;k dh lqfu;ksftr O;oLFkk izLrqr dhx;h gS o pquko lq/kjksa ds tfj, tuHkkxhnkjho yksdrkaf=kd vf/dkjksa dks lqfuf'pr djus dsØe esa tfVy jktuhfrd O;oLFkk esa vkewypwyifjorZu dh l[r fgnk;r nh x;h gSA

fuokZpu izfØ;k dks vkt vkSj vf/dLoPN] Lora=k] fu"i{k vkSj ikjn'khZ cukus dht:jr gS D;ksafd pquko izfØ;k yksdrkaf=kdiz.kkyh dk ,d lokZf/d egRoiw.kZ rÙo gSvkSj bls rc rd yksdfiz;] izHkko'kkyh oiw.kZ:is.k fu"i{k ugha ekuk tk ldrk tcrd fd blesa turk dh fo'oluh; HkkxhnkjhlfUufgr vFkok 'kkfey u gksA orZekujktuhfrd ifjizs{; esa tulk/kj.k ds Lora=k]LoSfPNd o oS/ yksdrkaf=kd ewY;ksa ds {kj.kdk flyflyk vius pje ij gSA jktuhfr esac<+rs vijkèkhdj.k dh izo`fÙk;ksa ij vadq'kyxkuk vkt furkUr vko';d gks x;k gSA

mi;qZDr vkn'kZ jktuSfrd ewY;ksa ds laj{k.kls lEcfU/r mi;ksxh igyqvksa ds lanHkZ esa;g dguk tYnckth gksxh fd pquko vk;ksx]U;k;ikfydk rFkk blh rjg dh dqN vU;eè;LFk laLFkk,a iztkrkaf=kd iz.kkyh ds ekSfydewY;ksa dh j{kk djus esa iw.kZr;k leFkZ gSA

jkds'k jatuxkSre uxj] ubZ fnYyh


yksdra=k ,oa pquko lq/kj ij dsafær tqykbZ2014 dk vad i<+kA vad ds lHkh ys[kksa ls


lkjxfHkZr o mi;ksxh tkudkjh feyhA izdk'kufoHkkx }kjk izdkf'kr ;g if=kdk iz'kklfudlsokvksa dh rS;kjh dj jgs Nk=kksa ds fy, jkeck.kgSA eSa foxr lkr ekg ls ;kstuk fu;fer i<+rhgwaA yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkk esa turk ds }kjk 'kkluO;oLFkk dk lapkyu fd;k tkrk gSA yksdra=k esavke pqukoksa dk fo'ks"k egRo gksrk gSA Hkkjr tSlsfodkl'khy ns'k esa fu"i{k pquko gksukvfrvko';d gS D;ksafd Hkkjr fofo/rkvksa lsHkjk ,d cM+s Hkw&Hkkx okyk ns'k gS vkSj ;gka fdpquko izfØ;k dkiQh [kphZyh gS] ysfdu brus[kpZ ds ckotwn vPNs tuizfrfufèk;ksa dk ughapquk tkuk nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gSA ,Mhvkj dh fjiksVZ dseqrkfcd 2014 ds vke pquko esa pqudj vk,16oha yksdlHkk ds 543 lkalnksa esa ls 185lkalnksa ds f[kykiQ vkijkfèkd ekeys ntZ gSaAgkykafd lafoèkku esa fu"i{k pquko gsrq izkoèkkugSA vuqPNsn 324 ls vuqPNsn 329 pquko lqèkkjlacaèkh micaèk djrk gSA Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dhèkkjk 171 (d) ls ysdj 171 (>) esa pqukolacaèkh vijkèkksa ds fy, naM dh O;oLFkk dh xbZgSA tuizfrfufèkRo dkuwu dh èkkjk 125 (,) dsrgr xyr gyiQukek nsus ij izR;k'kh ds f[kykiQeqdne py ldrk gS vkSj vkjksi lgh ik, tkusij N% ekg dh ltk gks ldrh gSaA

jktuhfr ds vijkèkhdj.k dks jksdusds fy, dM+s dne mBk, tkus dh t:jrgSA blesa vke ernkrkvks a dh HkwfedkegRoiw.kZ gks ldrh gSA mUgsa LoPN Nfookys f'kf{kr mEehnokjksa pquuk gksxk rFkkjktuhfr ikfVZ;ksa dks Hkh LoPN Nfo okysmEehnokj [kM+s djus gksxsaA vkn'kZ yksdra=kdh LFkkiuk ds fy, pquko iz.kkyh fu"i{ko ikjn'khZ gksuh pkfg,] D;ksafd rHkh vPNstuizfrfufèk vk,axs tks ns'k dh izxfr dsfy, csgn vko';d gSA

usgk dqekjhgkthiqj] oS'kkyh] fcgkj

mi;ksxh vad

^^turk dk vfèkdkj gS**---laikndh; i<+kvPNk yxk èkucy vkSj ckgqcy gh yksdra=kds fy, lcls cM+k [krjk gS blds fy, gekjs;gka vkSj dM+s dkuwu gksus pkfg;sA ;kstuk dkiwjk vad cgqr tkudkjh Hkjk gqvk gSA

;wih f=kikBh ^Hkkjr*bZ&esy% [email protected]


;kstuk dk tqykbZ vad i<+k tks fd^yksdra=k ,oa pquko lqèkkj* ij fo'ks"k FkkAbl vad esa pquko lqèkkj ls lacafèkr lHkhvkys[k dkiQh vPNs vkSj <sjksa tkudkfj;ksaokys Fks] ftUgs i<+dj dkiQh lkjh ckrsa irkpyhaA

gekjs ns'k esa pqukoksa dks 'kkafriw.kZ laiUudjuk iz'kklu ds fy, cM+h pqukSrh gksrk gSApkgs oks yksdlHkk ds pquko gks] foèkkulHkkds pquko gks] iapk;rh pquko gks ;k fiQjNk=kla?k pquko gks uDly izHkkfor {ks=kksa esapquko 'kkafriw.kZ laiUu djkuk rks cgqr ghVs<+h [khj gksrk gSA vke turk pkgrh gS fdmudk usrk ,d bZekunkj vkSj lkiQ lqFkjhNfo okyk gksA [kjkc fjdkMZ okys vkSjvkijkfèkd fjdkMZ okys yksxksa dks pqukoyM+us dh btktr ugha feyuh pkfg,Ajktuhfr esa ifjokjokn Hkh dkiQh iQyiQwyjgk gSA pkgs dsanz dh jktuhfr gks ;k fiQjjkT; dh ifjokj okn dk Hkkjh cksyckykjgrk gSA iz'kklu dh l[rh ds ckotwn pksjhfNis iSlksa vkSj 'kjkc dk bLrseky oksVjksa dksfjlkus esa fd;k tkrk gSA

oksVj dkMZ cukus dh izfØ;k esa Hkh vkSjlqèkkj fd;s tkus pkfg,A dabZ ckj ns[kk x;k gSfd iQksVks fdlh dh gksrh gS] uke fdlh dkgksrk gS oksVj dkMZ ijA dbZ oksVj rks ,sls gksrs gSftu ij firk dk uke vkSj ifr dk uke xyrNik gksrk gSA dbZ ckj oksVj fyLV ls uke rdxk;c gksrs gSaA ftuds pyrs dbZ yksx oksV nsusls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA vxj iYl iksfy;ks vfHk;kudh rjg gh oksVj dkMZ cukus dk dk;Z fd;ktk, vkSj dk;Z dh iwjh ekWuhVfjax Hkh dh tk,rks xyfr;ksa dh xqatkbZ'k dkiQh de gksxhA pqukohmEehnokj ds fy, baVj ikl dh vfuok;Zrk djnsuh pkfg,A tkr&ikr dh jktuhfr can gksuhpkfg,A gekjs xzkeh.k bykdksa esa vDlj ,slkgksrk gS fd xzke izèkku efgyk cu rks tkrh gSij lkjs dke mldk ifr gh djrk gSA izèkkuefgyk ?kj ds dke djrh gS vkSj mldk ifrxzke izèkku u gksus ds ckotwn xzke izèkku dhgSfl;r ls lkjs dk;Z djrk gSA bl ij jksdyxuh pkfg,A

egsUnz izrki flagesgjkxkao] vyeksM+k] mÙkjk[k.M

iBuh; vad

xr 40 o"kks± ls ;kstuk* dk fu;fer vè;;udj jgk gw¡A vFkZ'kkL=k fo"k; esa ihth djus dkeu ^;kstuk* if=kdk dh otg ls gh cukAtqykbZ vad esa Hkkjrh; yksdra=k ,oa pquko lqèkkjdh vko';drk* ys[k fparu gsrq ckè; djrkgSA pquko lacafèkr Hkze nwj gks x,A lR;sUnz jatu}kjk fd;k x;k fo'ys"k.k yktokc yxkA vkj-vuqjkèkk ds fuèku dh [kcj lqudj (i<+dj)cgqr nq[k gqvkA ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh foLrrtkudkjh iznku djus okyh ;g if=kdk fo|kfFkZ;ksads fy, dkiQh ek;us j[krh gSA if=kdk esalfEefyr tkudkjh iBuh; yxhA vkidh jk;LraHk ds i"B de ls de 2&3 gksus pkfg,rkfd ikBd oxZ laiknd eaMy ls lhèkk laidZLFkkfir dj ldsA dbZ Hkk"kkvksa esa bldk izdk'kugks jgk gS] ;g okdbZ [kq'kh dh ckr gSA

jktsUnz feJ] izkpk;ZlsaVªy bafM;k ifCyd Ldwy] ukxiqj

pquko lqèkkj ,d egrhvko';drk

tqykbZ 2014 dk ;kstuk vad i<+k tks fdyksdra=k ,oa pquko lqèkkj ij iw.kZr% dsafnzr FkkAfofHkUu fo}kuksa us vius&vius fopkjksa vkSjorZeku esa fufgr leL;kvksa ij izdk'k Mkyktksfd orZeku le; dh furkar vko';drk gSAftl xfr ls le; izxfr'khy gks jgk gSA mlhrhozrk ds lkFk yksdra=k ,oa pqukoksa dks l'kDrcukus dh egrh vko';drk gSA orZeku esayksdra=k vkSj pquko lqèkkjksa esa fufgr ijs'kkfu;ksadks nwj djds mUgs lkiQ&lqFkjk vkSj ikjn'khZcuk, tkus dh furkar vko';drk gSA

orZeku le; esa pqukoh ikfVZ;ksa dh ck<+lh vk xbZ gSA ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd tSls ;slektlsok ,d èkeZ u jgdj O;olk; tSlhgks x;h gSA bUgsa vkSj T;knk u c<+kdj budhla[;k dks de djus dh igy gksuh pkfg,vkSj tSlk fd dbZ vU; ns'kksa esa gksrk gSpquko fliQZ nks ikfVZ;ksa ds chp gksuk pkfg,AfofHkUu jkT;ksa esa izxfr'khy fofHkUu {ks=kh;ikfVZ;ksa dks feykdj fliQZ nks eq[; pqukohikVhZ gksuh pkfg, ftlls cgqr lh leL;kvksadk lekèkku gks ldrk gSA

,e fo".kq dqekjfMiks pkSjkgk] Hkksiky eè; izns'k


YH - 161/2014


YH - 80/2014

;kstuk] vxLr 2014 5

nks uxjksa dh dgkuh

laikndh;laikndh;laikndh;laikndh;laikndh;

iz/kku laiknd dh dye ls

Yiuk dhft, fd vki ?k??kj unh ds rV ij cls gM+Iikdkyhu lH;rk ds ,sfrgkfld uxj dkyhcaxk dh

lkiQ&lqFkjh lM+dksa ij Vgy jgs gSaA uxj dh LoPNrk] lqO;ofLFkr ty fudklh iz.kkyh vkSj ukxfjd ,oa

okf.kfT;d gypyksa vkSj xfrfofèk;ksa us vkidk eu eksg fy;k gSA bl izkxSfrgkfld 'kgj dk uxj&fu;kstu izs{kdksa dks

fofLer fd, fcuk ugha jgrkA vc vki blls djhc nks gtkj o"kZ vkxs dk xksrk yxkdj ifo=k xaxk ds rV ij cls dk'kh vkSj 'kkgh ;equk

dks fugkjrs 'kkgtgkukckn ds n'kZu dhft;sA dqN vkSj fudV vkrs gSa rks U;w;kdZ dh flfydkWu oSyh] fo'o dk izeq[k O;olkf;d dsanz 'ka?kkbZ

vkSj Hkkjr dh lkbcjflVh caxyq:] tgka ,d vksj foLe; iSnk djrs gSa] ogha iz'kalk ds ik=k curs gSaA fu'p; gh uxjksa esa gh ekuolH;rk

dh HkkSfrd miyfCèk;ksa dk pje fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA nqHkkZX;o'k] muds lkFk muds xHkZ esa vleku lqfoèkkvksa] fo"kerk] xanxh] foyxko vkSj

foLFkkiu tSlh chekfj;ka Hkh fNih gksrh gSaA tks vkèkqfud uxjh; clkgV dh fo'ks"krk,a cu pqdh gSaA xxupqEch vV~Vkfydkvksa ds lk;s esa

efyu cfLr;ka clh gksrh gSaA 'kgj ds vkèkqfud dk;kZy;&o&O;olkf;d ifjlj dh ckgjh ped ned ds ihNs iQqVikFk ij [kqys vkdk'k

ds uhps gtkjksa yk[kksa yksx jkr dks lksrs gSaA xehZ] BaM] ckfj'k vkSj dksgjs dk na'k >syrs gq, ;s yksx jkr dks tc bu iQqVikFkksa ij lksrs gSa]

rks muds gksBksa ij ;gh nqvk gksrh gS fd dgha os ,d yDtjh dkj ds uhps vkdj vxys fnu ds v[kckjksa dh lqf[k±;ka u cu tk;saA ^eSfDlee

flVh** fliQZ eqacbZ dks gh ugh dgk tkrk cfYd vc mu lHkh vkèkqfud uxjksa ds fy;s ,d #id cu pqdk gS tks vis{kkvksa vkSj voljksa

dh pje laHkkouk;sa rks latks;s gq, gS] ijarq lkFk gh gok] ikuh] jgus dh txg vkSj viusiu ds vHkko ls tw> jgs gSaA

;g fufoZokn gS fd 'kgjhdj.k gh Hkfo"; gSA fo'o ds vkfFkZd fodkl dk bfrgkl n'kkZrk gS fd 'kgjksa dk fodkl u dsoy LokHkkfod

gS] cfYd vifjgk;Z Hkh] vkSj ;gh equkflc Hkh gSA 'kgjhdj.k] LFkku dk csgrj nksgu dj vkSj mRiknd 'kfDr;ksa dks ,d LFkku ij bdV~Bk

dj dqN ,slh n{krk iSnk djrk gS tks fodkl izfØ;k dks lqxe cukrk gSA ijarq] 'kgjksa dks ;fn mRiknd m|eksa dk dsanz] jpukRedrk dk

x<+ vkSj lk>h izpqjrk dh igpku cuuk gS rks mlds fy;s lkoèkkuhiwoZd ;kstuk,a cukuh gksaxhA

;g vko';d ugha gS fd fu;kstu ckgj ls Fkksik tk,A okLro esa ;fn 'kgj ds LokHkkfod fodkl dh laHkkoukvksa dk irk yxkdj mls

vkèkqfud 'kgjh clkgV ls lesfdr fd;k tk, rks Hkfo"; ds uxjksa dk csgrj [kkdk rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA

iwjh rjg 'kh'kksa dh cuh pepekrh vV~Vkfydk,a ÅtkZ dk csrgk'kk nksgu djrh gSa ysfdu ,slh bekjrsa vkt gekjs 'kgjksa dh igpku cu

pqdh gSaaA njvly ;s 'kgjhdj.k dh =kqfViw.kZ ifjdYiuk ds ifj.kke gSaA fu;kstdksa esa vc mu izkphu 'kgjksa dh vksj #fp c<+ jgh gS tks

lfn;ksa ls fVds gq, gSa vkSj vkt Hkh iQyiQwy jgs gSaA bu yksxksa us LokHkkfod #i ls c<+rs gq, 'kgjksa dh xfr'khyrk dk xgjkbZ ls vè;;u

djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gS rkfd ;g le> ldsa fd i;kZoj.k dks fo:fir fd, fcuk os dSls yksxksa dks vkJ;] jkstxkj] viukiu vkSj I;kj

nsrs vk jgs gSaA fdlh lqfu;ksftr uxj dh liQyrk dks dsoy vkfFkZd le`f¼ ds vkèkkj ij r; djus ds igys mls bl dlkSVh ij Hkh dlk

tkuk vko';d gS fd muesa fdruh vkRegR;k;sa] nq?kZVuk;sa] fgalkRed vijkèk] lM+dksa ij mÙksftr jkgxhjksa esa ekjihV dh ?kVuk;sa gks jgha gSa

vkSj buesa 'okl tfur vkSj ân; jksxh] vlqjf{kr cqtqxks±] vkoklghu vkSj iQqVikFkkssa ij jgus okyksa dh la[;k D;k gSA ;gka rd fd fdrus

rykd'kqnk vkSj Hkzfer yksx ;gka jg jgs gSaA

pkgs ;g u;s fodflr fd;s tk jgs 'kgj gksa ;k thoar iqjkus vkSj cls clk, 'kgj] 'kgjh fu;kstdksa esa ;g èkkj.kk c<+rh tk jgh gS fd 'kgjksa

dh tula[;k dk og cM+k fgLlk tks eq[;r% ekSu vkSj oafpr jgrk gS] mls Hkh ;kstuk ds fuekZ.k vkSj dk;kZUo;u esa 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA

'kgjksa ds tks yksx dke ij tkrs gSa] mudk 75 izfr'kr Hkkx mu yksxksa dk gS tks vlaxfBr ;k vukSipkfjd {ks=k ls gSaA bl fo'kky vkSj fo'kn

tula[;k rFkk mudh ftanxh dh gdhdr dh mis{kk djus dk vFkZ gksxk] mu ;kstukvksa dk fujFkZd gksuk tks bu Hkkoh 'kgjksa ds fy;s rS;kj dh

tk,axhA gesa ;g Lohdkj djuk gksxk fd ,d lqfu;ksftr] lqjf{kr] lqO;ofLFkr vkoklh; cLrh ds ikl tks >qXxh >ksaifM+;ka vk [kM+h gksrh gSa]

os dqyhu vkSj Hknz ifjokjksa ds thou dks vkjenk;d cukus esa ;ksxnku nsrh gSaA ?kjsyw ukSdj pkdj ls ysdj] IyEcj] feL=kh] bysDVªh'kh;u]

lqj{kkdehZ tSls vusd dk;ks± ds tfj, ;s >qXxh >ksaiM+h fuoklh 'kgjksa ds Hknzyksd dk thou [kq'kgky cukrs gSaA gj 'kgj esa ,d nwljk 'kgj Hkh

clk gksrk gS vkSj oapu vkSj vlekurkvksa ds dkj.k ftldk ne ?kqVrk jgrk gSA nks 'kgjksa dh ;g dgkuh cnlwjr gS vkSj bls cnyuk gh gksxkA

cqjs oDr dks vPNs oDr ds fy;s jkLrk nsuk gh gksxkA ;g ftruh tYnh gks mruk gh csgrj gksxkA �

d


YH - 155/2014


nkjokn ds nkSj ds ckn Hkkjrds vkfFkZd fodkl esa 'kgjhvkSj uxjh; dsaæksa dk egRo

c<+ jgk gSA mnkgj.kLo:i Hkkjr ds ldy?kjsyw mRikn esa 'kgjh {ks=kksa dk ;ksxnku lu~1950&51 ds 29 iQhlnh ds eqdkcys lu~1980&81 esa c<+dj 47 iQhlnh] 2007 esa62&63 iQhlnh vkSj lu~ 2021 rd blds75 iQhlnh rd c<+ tkus dk vuqeku gS(;kstuk vk;ksx] Hkkjr ljdkj 2008%394)Abl ckr ij Hkh fo'ks"k tksj fn;k tk jgk gSfd ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa 9 ls 10 iQhlnhdh o`f¼ ewyHkwr :i ls Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa dksT;knk jgus ;ksX; vkSj lekos'kh cuk;s tkusij gh fuHkZj djrh gS (;kstuk vk;ksx] Hkkjrljdkj 2008%394)A

jktuhfr vkSj uhfr dks çHkkfor djusokys 'kgjhdj.k dk ,d Lo:i ;g Hkh gSfd ;g tkfr vkSj èkeZ ij vkèkkfjr iqjkuhjktuhfrd ykecanh dks detksj djrk gSvkSj fodkl vkSj vfèkdkjksa ij vkèkkfjr LFkkuh;eqíkas dks l'kDr djrk gSA bl rjg fof'k"Vvfèkdkjksa ds ekè;e ls foèkku esa tSlh O;oLFkkgS] mlh rjg dk yksd l'kfDrdj.k laHkogks ikrk gSA u;h uhfr vkSj 'kklu esa vko';drkSj ij 'kgjh çÑfr ds gSaA xkao vkSj 'kgjksads chp c<+rh [kkbZ ls vkfne igpku dslkFk thuk vdlj eqf'dy gksrk gS] D;ksafdxzkeh.k yksx Hkh vc vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftdlalkèkuksa rd viuh igqap ds çfr tkx:dgSa vkSj ,slk ugha gksus ij os vius Hkfo"; dsçfr ljdkj dks ftEesokj Bgjkrs gSaA

Hkkjrh; 'kgjh bfrgkl ls tqM+k ,dvk'p;Ztud lp ;g Hkh gS fd T;knkrjuxjksa vkSj 'kgjksa dk fodkl vius vki gqvkgSA uhfr;ka vkSj dk;ZØeksa dk vlj cM+s'kgjh dsaæksa ij gh iM+k gS] ysfdu xSj&egkuxjh;NksVs uxj vkSj 'kgj] 'kgjh uhfr vkSj dk;ZØeksals vçHkkfor gh jgs gSa ('kkW 1996 % 224)A;g isij vkykspukRed :i ls 'kgjh uhfr];kstuk vkSj dk;ZØeksa dk ,d lkj la{ksiçLrqr djrk gS vkSj vkxs dk jkLrk Hkhlq>krk gSA

iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa 'kgjh dk;ZØe vkSjvk;kstuk

igyh nks iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa ds nkSjkudbZ laLFkk,a vkSj laxBuksa dh LFkkiuk gqbZAmnkgj.kLo:i] ljdkj us 'kgj vkSj jk"Vª;kstuk laxBu] jk"Vªh; Hkou laxBu vkSj fnYyhfodkl çkfèkdj.k bl dky esa xfBr fd;sAfnYyh ekLVj Iyku rS;kj djus dk ç;klfd;k x;k] tks nwljs jkT;ksa dh 'kgjh ;kstukds fy, ekWMy curk ('kkW 1996% 225)A bldky esa jkT;ksa dks lykg nh x;h fd osekLVj Iyku rS;kj djus ds fy, ,d ,slk'kgj vkSj jk"Vª ;kstuk foèks;d yk;sa] tks'kgjh Hkwfe ds fu;euksa ds eqrkfcd gks(jkepaæu 1989% 570)A

rhljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1961&66) Hkkjrds 'kgjh fodkl vkSj ;kstuk ds bfrgkl esaehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gqbZA blus larqfyr{ks=kh; fodkl ds eísutj uxjksa vkSj 'kgjksads egRo dks ekU;rk nh vkSj lykg nh fd

Hkkjr esa 'kgjh uhfr vkSj dk;ZØevrhr vkSj Hkfo";

vkj ch Hkxr

vxzys[k

ys[kd] vkoztu vkSj 'kgjh vè;;u foHkkx] varjjk"Vªh; tula[;k foKku laLFkku] eqacbZ esa çksiQslj vkSj foHkkxkè;{k gSaA ;qusLdks&;wuhlsiQ Hkkjr vkoztu dk;ZØeksa esa;ksxnku ds lkFk uhfrxr eqn~nksa ij xfBr dbZ ljdkjh lfefr;ksa esa jgs gSaA blds vykok 'kgjhdj.k] vkoztu] LokLF;] i;kZoj.k vkSj fodkl ds {ks=k esa dbZ 'kksèki=kvkSj iqLrdsa izdkf'kr gks pqdh gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

Hkkjr ds vfèkdka'k 'kgjksa esa

çHkkoh 'kgj vk;kstuk dk

vHkko utj vkrk gSA

vfèkdka'k uxj vk;kstuk

çklafxd ugha jg x;h gSa vkSj

blls u fliQZ 'kgjokfl;ksa

dks cfYd xkao ds yksxksa

dks Hkh dksbZ iQk;nk ugha

gksrkA ;gka rd fd tgka

vk;kstuk dks la'kksfèkr ;k

u;k rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS] og

dke Hkh lykgdkj ;k

rduhdh fo'ks"kKksa }kjk gh

fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vk;kstuk

bl rjg ls gksuh pkfg, fd

'kgj ds fuoklh viuh t:jrksa

ds vuqlkj lcdqN çkIr dj

ldsa] ;g Hkkxhnkjhiw.kZ vkSj

fodsafær gks

m


'kgjhdj.k ij cus jk"Vªh; vk;ksxus vxLr 1988 esa viuh fjiksVZ lkSaihvkSj vk;ksx ds lq>koksa dks 'kkfeydjrs gq, yksdlHkk esa 65oka lafoèkkula'kksèku foèks;d is'k fd;k x;kA ;gfoèks;d 'kgjh vkSj LFkkuh; fudk;ksadks laoSèkkfud ntkZ nsus dk igykç;kl Fkk] ftlds rgr ,d f=kLrjh;la?kh; O;oLFkk dk çkoèkku FkkA blesa'kh"kZ ij dsaæ ljdkj] ekè;fed Lrjij jkT; vkSj lcls fupys Lrj ijLFkkuh; fudk;ksa dks j[kk x;k FkkA

'kgj ;kstuk {ks=kh; t:jrksa ds vkèkkj ijcus aA blus 'kgjh Hkwfe vfèkfu;e dhvko';drk] 'kgjh Hkwfe dh dherksa ij fu;a=k.kij tksj fn;k vkSj lkFk gh cM+s 'kgjksa dsekLVj Iyku cukus dk lq>ko fn;kA blesaLi"V Fkk fd ekLVj Iyku rS;kj djuk jkT;vkSj LFkkuh; 'kklu dk nkf;Ro gSA blus ;gHkh js[kkafdr fd;k fd u;s m|ksx cM+s 'kgjvkSj ?kuh vkcknh ls nwj yxk;s tk;sa vkSj uxjfuxeksa dks etcwr cuk;k tk;sA bl dky[kaMesa T;knkrj jkT;ksa us fczfV'k Vkmu Iykfuax dhrtZ ij 'kgj ;kstuk foèks;d ykxw fd;sAokLro esa rhljh ;kstuk 'kgjh ;kstuk cukusds Øe esa lcls uktqd jgh ('kkW 1996%226)ApkSFkh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1969&74) us Hkhrhljh ;kstuk ds {ks=kh; vkSj 'kgjh fodklds ç;klksa ij tksj fn;k vkSj 72 'kgjh dsaæksadh fodkl ;kstuk 'kq: dh x;hA esVªksiksfyVu'kgj fnYyh] xzsVj ckacs vkSj dydÙkk dslanHkZ esa {ks=kh; vè;;u fd;s x;sA

paMhx<+] xkaèkhuxj vkSj Hkqous'oj tSlhjkT;ksa dh jktèkkfu;ksa ds fodkl dks dsaæljdkj }kjk fo'ks"k vuqnku nsdj xfr nhx;hA blus 'kgjh vfèkfu;e ds fodkl ijtksj nsrs gq, jkT; ljdkjksa dks lykg nh fdos lgjh fodkl esa ckèkd cu jgh fLFkfr;ksadh leh{kk djsaA ikapoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dsnkSjku 'kgjh Hkwfe (lhek vkSj fu;eu)vfèkfu;e 1976 ikl fd;k x;kA blus jkT;ljdkjksa dks lykg nh fd 'kgj ç'kklu dsnk;js esa vkus okys {ks=kksa dks è;ku esa j[krsgq, egkuxj ;kstuk {ks=kksa dk fuekZ.k djsaA bl;kstuk dky esa ,d egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gqbZfd egkjk"Vª ljdkj us 26 tuojh 1975 dkseqacbZ esVªksiksfyVu MsoyiesaV ,DV ikl djfn;k vkSj eqacbZ esVªksiksfyVu fjtuy MsiyiesaVvFkkWfjVh (,e,evkjMh,) dk xBu dj fn;kAblh dky esa vkokl vkSj 'kgjh fodklfuxe (gMdks) dk xBu gqvk] tks 'kgjhLFkkuh; fudk;ksa] vkokl cksMZ vkSj nwljs laxBuksadks iQaM eqgS;k djkrk FkkA pkSFkh ;kstuk dhegRoiw.kZ miyfCèk ;g jgh fd egkuxj vkSjjk"Vªh; egRo ds uxjksa dks fo'ks"k foÙkh;lqfoèkk,a eqgS;k djk;h x;ha tks iapo"khZ;;kstuk (1974&79) rd pyrh jghaA lefUor'kgjh fodkl ;kstuk ds rgr dksydkrk]eqacbZ vkSj psUubZ vkSj jk"Vªh; egRo ds vU;

'kgjksa dks iQaM eqgS;k djk;s x;sA ikapoha;kstuk rd Li"V rkSj ij cM+s 'kgjksa dksçksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk jgk gkykafd 'kgjh vkSjvkS|ksfxd fodsaæhdj.k tSls 'kCnkMacj ;kstuknj ;kstuk pyk;s tkrs jgs ('kkW 1996 %227)A

NBh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1978&83) esaNksVs vkSj eè;e 'kgjksa (,d yk[k ls dedh vkcknh okys 'kgj) ds fodkl dhvko';drk ij cy fn;k x;kA blds rgrlu~ 1979 esa dsaæ ljdkj }kjk NksVs 'kgjksa dsfy, lefUor fodkl (vkbZMh,l,eVh) ;kstukyk;h x;hA vkbZMh,l,eVh ;kstuk esa 96djksM+ #i;s ls yxHkx 200 NksVs vkSj eè;e'kgjksa dks ykHk igqapkus dk çkoèkku FkkA

lkroha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds rgr dqNegRoiw.kZ lkafLFkd fodkl fd;s x;s] ftllsns'k esa 'kgjh fodkl vkSj ;kstuk dk ,d

Lo:i rS;kj gqvkA 'kgjhdj.k ij cus jk"Vªh;vk;ksx us vxLr 1988 esa viuh fjiksVZ lkSaihvkSj vk;ksx ds lq>koksa dks 'kkfey djrs gq,yksdlHkk esa 65oka lafoèkku la'kksèku foèks;dis'k fd;k x;kA ;g foèks;d 'kgjh vkSjLFkkuh; fudk;ksa dks laoSèkkfud ntkZ nsus dkigyk ç;kl Fkk] ftlds rgr ,d f=kLrjh;la?kh; O;oLFkk dk çkoèkku FkkA blesa 'kh"kZij dsaæ ljdkj] ekè;fed Lrj ij jkT; vkSjlcls fupys Lrj ij LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dksj[kk x;k FkkA gkykafd ;g foèks;d jkT;lHkkesa ikl ugha gks ldk] D;ksafd bls jkT;ljdkj dh Lok;Ùkrk esa gLr{ksi ekuk x;kAdqN la'kksèkuksa ds ckn ;g foèks;d lu~ 1992esa 74osa lafoèkku la'kksèku foèks;d ds :i esafiQj ls is'k fd;k x;k] ftls laln ds nksuksa

lnuksa us ikl dj fn;k vkSj ekpZ 1993 ls;g vfLrRo esa vk x;kA

vkBoha ;kstuk ds nkSjku lu~ 1993&94esa esxk flVh ;kstuk yk;h x;h] ftlesa eqacbZ]dksydkrk] psUubZ] caxyq: vkSj gSnjkckn 'kkfeyFksA blds lkFk gh vkbZMh,l,eVh dk iquxZBudjds mls vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk fodkl dk;ZØels tksM+ fn;k x;k rkfd cM+s 'kgjksa dh vksjc<+ jgs iyk;u dks eksM+dj NksVs vkSj eè;e'kgjksa dh vksj bls eksM+k tk ldsA xzkeh.kHkkjr dh fLFkfr lqn`<+ djus ds fy, NksVsvkSj eè;e 'kgjksa dks fodkl dsaæ ekuk x;kAcM+s 'kgjksa ds ekLVj Iyku dh gh rjg] ;glq>ko fn;k x;k fd NksVs vkSj eè;e 'kgjksads fodkl esa {ks=kh; ;kstuk egRoiw.kZ gksldrh gSA bl ckr dks js[kkafdr fd;k x;kfd iQaM dh deh blesa ckèkk cu ldrh gSvkSj ctV vkSj lkafLFkd çkoèkkuksa ls vyxHkh iQaM dh laHkkouk,a ryk'kh tkuh pkfg,A

ukSoha ;kstuk (1997&2002) esa ;g Li"Vfd;k x;k Fkk fd jkT; 'kgjhdj.k dh ;kstukfofoèk 'kgjh fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds lkFklgfØ;kRed :i ls rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg,Agkykafd vkBoha ;kstuk esa 'kq: fd;s x;svfèkdka'k dk;ZØe ukSoha ;kstuk rd pyk;stkrs jgs] bl ckr ij ges'kk tksj fn;k tkrkjgk fd 'kgjh LFkkfu; fudk;ksa dk fodsaæhdj.kvkSj foÙkh; Lok;Ùkrk cjdjkj jgs] rkfdmuesa çfrLièkkZRed vkSj {kerkvksa dk fodklgks vkSj os cktkj vkèkkfjr pqukSfr;ksa dklkeuk dj ldsaA ,d fnlacj 1997 ls ,du;h ;kstuk Lo.kZ t;arh lgdkjh jkstxkj;kstuk 'kq: dh x;h] ftlesa ,uvkjokbZ];wch,lih vkSj ih,evkbZ;wihbZih dks feykfn;k x;kA bl dk;ZØe ds rgr nksmi&;kstuk,a pyk;h x;ha] ftuesa (1) 'kgjhLojkstxkj ;kstuk vkSj (2) 'kgjh osru jkstxkjdk;ZØe 'kkfey FkhaA ml le; çpfyr,uvkjokbZ vkSj ih,eokbZ;wihbZih ds LojkstxkjvkSj osru jkstxkj ?kVdksa dk iquxZBu djdsbl u;h ;kstuk esa feyk fn;k x;kA vkxs,uvkjokbZ vkSj ih,evkbZ;wihbZih ds vkokl?kVdksa dks ,d u;s dk;ZØe esa feyk fn;kx;k vkSj lu~ 1997 esa jk"Vªh; >qXxh fodkldk;ZØe (,u,lMhih) dh 'kq#vkr dh x;hgkykafd ;g ;kstuk lu~ 2005&06 ds foÙko"kZ ls [kRe dj nh x;hA ;g Hkh nq[kn jgk


vkokl vkSj 'kgjh xjhch mUewyue a = k ky; dk s ch,l; wi h vk S jvkbZ,p,lMhih dk;ZØeksa dk uksMyea=kky; cuk;k x;k gS tks 'kgjh xjhcksa][kkldj >qXxh ds jgokfl;ksa ds vkoklvkSj vkèkkjHkwr t:jrksa ds fy, dkedjrk gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr ekSfydt:jrsa tSls LoPNrk] tykiwfrZ] lhojst]lkWfyM osLV fMLiksty tSls dke gkFkesa fy;s x;s gSaA

fd NksVs vkSj eè;e 'kgjksa dh iQafMx dkiQhde FkhA mnkgj.kLo:i] vkbZMh,l,eVh ;kstukds rgr vkBoha ;kstuk ds var rd 904'kgjksa dks doj fd;k x;k vkSj bl en esadsaæh; lgk;rk ek=k 283-96 djksM+ #i;s dhgh nh x;hA lu~ 2001 dh tux.kuk dsvuqlkj] rc 4500 'kgjh dsaæ ,sls Fks] tksNksVs vkSj eè;e 'kgj (rhu yk[k dh vkcknhls de) ds rgr 'kkfey Fks] ysfdu vkoaVuu fliQZ de Fkk] cfYd ;g NksVs vkSj eè;e'kgjksa ds ikap esa ls ,d Hkkx dks gh dojdj ik;kA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;g laHko ghugha Fkk fd ;s NksVs vkSj eè;e 'kgj ,dfodflr dsaæ ds :i esa vius vfLrRo dkfodkl dj ik;sa rkfd ns'k esa {ks=kh; fodkldh xfr dk;e jg ldsA

nloha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (2002&07) esa;g rF; lkeus vk;k fd 'kgjhdj.k us vkfFkZdmnkjhdj.k ds lu~ 1980&90 ds n'kdksa esavkfFkZd fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk;hgSA blls ;g ckr Hkh lkeus vk;h fd ikapuxjksa dh esxk flVh ifj;kstuk] vkbZMh,l,eVhvkSj ,;wMCY;w,lih dks visf{kr :i ls degh liQyrk feyhA ;g Hkh lkeus vk;k fdiwoZ esa 'kkfey {ks=kksa vkSj dsaæh; lgk;rk dhjkf'k çkfofèkd dkj.kksa vkSj lhfer ctVçkoèkkuksa ds dkj.k vi;kZIr vkSj vlekujgh FkhA vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk rS;kj djus dsfy, cuk;h x;ha ;kstuk,a tSls vkbZMh,l,eVhvkSj esxk flVh ifj;kstukvksa us dbZ 'kgjksa dksfcuk foÙkh; lgk;rk ds NksM+ fn;k FkkA nloha;kstuk esa Hkh ;g ckr lkeus vk;h fd,u,lMhih dk çn'kZu bl otg ls Hkhlarks"ktud ugha jgk D;ksafd eq[; :i lsjkT; ds Lrj ij fØ;kUo;u ,tsafl;ksa dksiQaM eqgS;k djkus esa nsj dh x;hA lu~ 2001&02esa xjhch js[kk ls uhps thou clj djus okysyksxksa ds fy, vkokl vkSj orZeku vkokl esalqèkkj ds fy, ,d ;kstuk okYehfd&vacsMdjvkokl ;kstuk 'kq: dh x;h FkhA 'kgjksa dsvkdkj dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, çfr ?kj 20 ls30 gtkj dk vuqnku Hkh fn;k x;k FkkA ;gHkh Lohdkj fd;k x;k fd jkT; dh lgkÕ;,tsafl;ka tSls fodkl çkfèkdj.kksa dks 'kgjhLFkkuh; fudk;ksa dh lgk;d Hkwfedk esa gksukpkfg, Fkk] u fd 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dsdke dks vius gkFk esa ysuk pkfg, FkkA lexz

:i ls nloha ;kstuk esa bl ckr ij tksjfn;k x;k fd 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dslaLFkkuksa vkSj mlds yksdrkaf=kd <kaps dksetcwr fd;s fcuk 'kgjh fodkl dk y{;gkfly ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (2007&12)ds rgr 'kgjh uhfr vkSj dk;ZØeksa esa dbZfodklkRed ifjorZu fd;s x;sA dqN çeq[k'kgjh fodkl uhfr;ka bl rjg Fkha&1- {kerk fodkl vkSj csgrj foÙk çcaèku ds

ekè;e ls LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dks l'kDrdjukA

2- fofu;eu vkSj Hkwfe fodkl ds }kjk 'kgjksadh {kerk vkSj mRikndrk esa fodklA

3- 'kgjh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ds ekeys esalkoZtfud {ks=k ds ,dkfèkdkj ls eqfDrvkSj futh {ks=k ds fuos'k ds fy, ekdwy

ekgkSy rS;kj djukA4- lkoZtfud vkSj futh {ks=k ds dkedkt

ij utj j[kus ds fy, ,d Lok;Ùk fu;eulajpuk dk xBuA

5- xjhch ds ekeys de djukA6- cM+s iSekus ij rduhd vkSj uokpkj dk

ç;ksxA'kgjh fodkl uhfr dks iquthZfor djus

ds fy, dsaæ ljdkj us fnlacj 2005 esatokgjyky usg: vcZu fjU;wvy fe'ku(ts,u,u;wvkj,e) tSlh cM+h ;kstuk 'kq:dh] rkfd çkjafHkd rkSj ij 63 pqfuank 'kgjksadh 'kgjh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ds lefUor fodklij è;ku fn;k tk ldsA bl ;kstuk dk tksj'kgjh xjhcksa dh ekSfyd lsok t:jrksa edku]ikuh dh vkiwfrZ] LoPNrk] lM+dksa dk latky]'kgjh ifjogu vkSj 'kgj ds vanj vkSj iqjkus'kgjh {ks=kksa dk fodkl vkfn ij FkkA iwoZ dh

;kstuk,a tSls esxk flVh] vkbZMh,l,eVh],u,lMhih vkSj oh,,ech,okbZ vkfn blesafeyk nh x;haA

ts,u,u;wvkj,e dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftrfd;k x;k] tSls (1) 'kgjh vkèkkjHkwr lajpukvkSj ç'kklu vkSj ;wvkbZth vkSj (2) 63yf{kr 'kgjksa esa 'kgjh xjhcksa ds fy, vkèkkjHkwrlqfoèkkvksa dh miyCèkrkA xSj yf{kr uxjksa vkSj'kgj ;wvkbZMh,l,l,eVh vkbZ,p,lMhih ;kstukds rgr doj fd;s x;s gSaA vkokl vkSj 'kgjhxjhch mUewyu ea=kky; dks ch,l;wih vkSjvkbZ,p,lMhih dk;ZØeksa dk uksMy ea=kky;cuk;k x;k gS tks 'kgjh xjhcksa] [kkldj >qXxhds jgokfl;ksa ds vkokl vkSj vkèkkjHkwr t:jrksads fy, dke djrk gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgrekSfyd t:jrsa tSls LoPNrk] tykiwfrZ] lhojst]lkWfyM osLV fMLiksty tSls dke gkFk esa fy;sx;s gSaA nwljh vksj] 'kgjh fodkl ea=kky;ts,u,u;wvkj,e ds rgr ;wvkbZth vkSj;wvkbZMh,l,l,eVh dh ns[kHkky djrk gSA

ts,u,u;wvkj,e ds rgr ;g vfuok;Zdj fn;k x;k gS fd çR;sd 'kgj viuh 'kgjhfodkl ;kstuk rS;kj djsxk vkSj 'kgj ds fy,nh?kkZofèk dh fodkl ;kstuk dk [kkdk rS;kjdjsxkA blus 'kgjh lqèkkjksa tSls Hkwfe gncanhvfèkfu;e 1976 dks jí djus] ;w,ych dsl'kfDrdj.k vkSj fuxe ys[kk vkfn esa {kerkfuekZ.k vkSj csgrjh ls tqM+h dbZ 'krs± Hkh j[khaAbldk ;g Hkh y{; Fkk fd ifj;kstukvksa dsfodkl vkSj foÙk iks"k.k esa ihihih ds rgrfuth {k s=kk s a dks çk sRlkgu fn;k tk;sA,lts,lvkjokbZ ds rgr jkstxkj fuekZ.k vkSjxjhch mUewyu ij X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstukdks fiQj ls çHkkoh cuk;k x;k vkSj {kerkfuekZ.k] Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dk xBu vkSjLojkstxkj ds fy, ekbØks iQkbusal ij tksjfn;k x;kA ,lts,lvkokbZ ds rgr dsjy dhdqnqacJh laLFkk dk ekWMy vkSj ns'k ds vU;fgLlksa ds Js"B ç;klksa dks viukus ij Hkh cyfn;k x;k (;kstuk vk;ksx 2008)A

X;kjgoha ;kstuk ds eè;kofèk iqujkoyksduesa ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k fd 'kgjh fodklvkSj ts,u,u;wvkj,e ds rgr 'kgjh uohdj.kds fy, cM+s iSekus ij iQaM dh vko';drkgSA ekuk tkrk gS fd blds fy, yxHkx 3&4yk[k djksM+ #i;s dh vko';drk gS] tcfdts,u,u;wvkj,e ds rgr lkroha iapo"khZ;


fo'ks"kKksa }kjk ;g ckr lkeus yk;hx;h gS fd lafoèkku ds 74osa la'kksèkudk fØ;kUo;u vkèkk&vèkwjk gh jgk]D;ksafd jkT; ljdkjksa us ;w,ych dksiwjh rjg l'kDr fd;k gh ugha] rkfdos laoSèkkfud çkoèkkuksa ds vuq:i dkedj ldsaA nwljh vksj] dbZ dk;ZØeblfy, Hkh liQy ugha ik;s D;ksafd'kgjh {ks=k dbZ LokfeRoksa ds fu;a=k.k esagksrs gSa vkSj LFkkuh; Lrj ij dk;ZØedk fØ;kUo;u esa Hkh dksrkgh cjrhtkrh gSA

;kstuk esa egt 66 gtkj djksM+ #i;s ghvkoafVr fd;s x;s (2005&12)A

ckjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (2012&17) esats,u,u;wvkj,e dks etcwr cuk;s tkus dkçLrko gS vkSj ekuk x;k gS fd 'kgjh lqèkkjksa esabldh O;kid Hkwfedk gksxhA ckjgoha ;kstuk dsrgr ts,u,u;wvkj,e esa fuEu ?kVd 'kkfey gS%a1- 'kgjh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk vkSj ç'kklu

(;wvkbZth)A2- jktho vkokl ;kstuk (vkj,okbZ)A3- 'kgjksa esa >qfXx;ksa dk iquokZl tks vkj,okbZ

esa 'kkfey ughaA4- {kerk fuekZ.kA

mYys[kuh; gS fd dk;ZØe ds fØ;kUo;uesa eq[; :i ls eq[; èkkjk dh 'kgjh ;kstukdk foiQy gksuk] viw.kZ lqèkkj vkSj ifj;kstukds fØ;kUo;u dh lqLr xfr vkfn çeq[kO;oèkku jgs gSaA ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, HkwfeçkIr djus esa nsjh vkSj fofHkUu fu;eu çkfèkdkjksals LohÑfr vkfn esa nsjh Hkh lqLr xfr dsdkjd jgs gSaA lkeus vk;k gS fd dbZ 'kgjksaesa 'kgjh ;kstuk vHkh 'kq: gh ugha gks ldhgS vkSj bls etcwr vkSj Hkkxhnkjhiw.kZ cukusdh Hkh vko';drk gSA ;kstuk dh çÑfr esagh ,slk gS fd uxj dh lhek ls lVs 'kq#vkrh'kgjh {ks=kksa dks utjvankt dj nsus ls Hkhuxj dh fodkl ;kstuk ij çfrdwy vljiM+rk gSA

jktho vkokl ;kstuk nks twu 2011 dks,d ik;yV çkstsDV ds :i esa nks lky dsfy, 'kq: dh x;h Fkh] ftldk y{; ns'k dks>qXxh&eqDr cukuk FkkA dsaæ ljdkj us varr%2013&2022 dh vofèk ds fy, rhu flracj2013 dks bl ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA ;kstukdk y{; jkT; ljdkj vkSj 'kgjh ç'kklu dks>qfXx;ksa ds mUu;u] muesa jgus okys yksxksa dksekfydkuk gd nsuk Fkk vkSj budk fodklHkkjr esa vkcknh dh jÝrkj dks ns[krs gq, blrjg djuk Fkk fd Hkfo"; esa Hkkjr >qXxh&eqDrgks tk;sA ;kstuk ds rgr 'kgj dh lHkh >qXxhcfLr;ka pkgs os vfèklwfpr gksa ;k u gksa (fpfàrvkSj ekU;rkçkIr lfgr)] pkgs tehu dsaæljdkj ;k blds vèkhu laLFkk dh gh D;ksa ugks] Lok;Ùk laLFkk,a tks laln] jkT; ljdkj ;kmlds vèkhu xfBr dh x;h Fkha] dh gh D;ksau gksa] pkgs os ;w,ych ;k fdlh lkoZtfudvkSj futh ,tsalh dh gh D;ksa u gks] 'kkfey

dh x;h gSaA ;kstuk 'kgj ds ;kstuk {ks=k dsrgr 'kgjh xkao] 'kgjh cs?kj vkSj iVjh ijjgus okyksa ds fy, Hkh ykxw gSA ckjgoha ;kstukds nkSjku us'kuy vcZu fyoyhgqM fe'ku dsrgr ,lts,lvkjokbZ ds vanj vkkus okys'kgjh xjhch ?kVko vkSj jkstxkj ltu dk;ZØedks [kRe dj fn;s tkus dk çLrko gSA bldkewyHkwr y{; ,sls {ks=kksa dh {kerk vkSj n{krkc<+kuk gS] tgka jkstxkj ds volj c<+ jgs gSa]rkfd 'kgjh xjhcksa dks bldk ykHk fey ldsA

fo'ks"kKksa }kjk ;g ckr lkeus yk;h x;hgS fd lafoèkku ds 74osa la'kksèku dk fØ;kUo;uvkèkk&vèkwjk gh jgk] D;ksafd jkT; ljdkjksa us;w,ych dks iwjh rjg l'kDr fd;k gh ugha]rkfd os laoSèkkfud çkoèkkuksa ds vuq:i dke

dj ldsaA nwljh vksj] dbZ dk;ZØe blfy,Hkh liQy ugha ik;s D;ksafd 'kgjh {ks=k dbZLokfeRoksa ds fu;a=k.k esa gksrs gSa vkSj LFkkuh;Lrj ij dk;ZØe dk fØ;kUo;u esa Hkh dksrkghcjrh tkrh gS (,pihbZlh 2011%23)A

'kgjh ç'kklu vkSj ;kstuk% vkxs dh jkg

Hkkjrh; ;kstuk dk dkedkt dsafær] 'kh"kZls uhps vkSj {ks=k vkèkkfjr jgk gSA 'kgjhfodkl ;kstuk ds ckjs esa ;g Hkh lp gS fdblus 'kgjh vkokl] tykiwfrZ] LoPNrk] >qXxhfodkl] 'kgjh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dk fuekZ.k]esxk flVh vkSj NksVs vkSj eè;e 'kgjksa ijiQksdl fd;k gSA gkykafd 'kgjh fodkl jkT;dk fo"k; gS] ,slk de gh laHko gS fd jkT;,d lefUor 'kgjh fodkl] uhfr;ka vkSj;kstuk ij lkspsaA jkT; ;kstuk vk;ksx@cksMZvisf{kr :i ls jkT; 'kgjh fodkl dk;ZØeksaesa i;kZIr gkFk ugha caVk ik;s gSa vkSj T;knkrj

;kstuk vk;ksx ,d fo'ks"kK ds rkSj ij tSlklq>ko nsrk gS] ml ij gh fuHkZj djrs gSaAnwljh vksj] 'kgjh fodkl ,d vfr'k; egRodk fo"k; gS] D;ksafd 'kgjh {ks=k esa ukxfjdlqfoèkkvksa tSls fctyh] is; ty] LoPNrkvkSj ,yihth dh deh ls tw>rs jgrs gSaAlM+d ij VªSfiQd dh HkhM+] gok vkSj tyçnw"k.k] uxj fuxe dk dpM+k dk tekolfgr dkuwu&O;oLFkk dqN vU; eqís gSa tks'kgjh ç'kklu dh fprk,a c<+krs jgrs gSaA'kgjh ;kstuk eq[;r% LFkkuh; fudk;] ftlesauxj fuxe] uxjikfydk vkSj uxj iapk;rtks lkekU;r% ;w,ych ds rkSj ij tkus tkrsgSa] ds }kjk gh rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg,] ftlesajkT; ljdkj dk lg;ksx gksA 'kgjh LFkkuh;fudk;ksa dks muds dke ds vfèkdkj] foÙkh;lzksr vkSj Lok;Ùkk ls l'kDr fd;s tkus dh[kklh t:jr gSA ;w,ych dh ç'kklfud]çcaèkdh; vkSj rduhdh {kerk,a c<+kus dhHkh furkar vko';drk gSA bls eglwl fd;stkus dh t:jr gS fd 'kgjh ;kstuk dks'kgjh ç'kklu ls vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkAlafoèkku ds 74osa la'kksèku ds rgr foLr`r'kgjh lewg tks dbZ uxj fudk;ksa esa iQSysgksrs gSa vkSj xkaoksa ds vanj rd foLrkj ikrsgSa] ds fy, ;kstuk cukus dh ns[kHkky egkuxj;kstuk lfefr }kjk dh tkuh pkfg,A Hkkjrds vfèkdka'k 'kgjksa esa çHkkoh 'kgj ;kstukdk vHkko utj vkrk gSA vfèkdka'k uxj;kstuk çklafxd ugha jg x;h gSa vkSj blls ufliQZ 'kgjokfl;ksa dks cfYd xkao ds yksxksadks Hkh dksbZ iQk;nk ugha gksrkA ;gka rd fdtgka ;kstuk dks la'kksfèkr ;k u;k rS;kj fd;ktkrk gS] og dke Hkh lykgdkj ;k rduhdhfo'ks"kKksa }kjk gh fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;kstukbl rjg ls cuuh pkfg, fd 'kgj ds fuoklhviuh t:jrksa ds vuqlkj lcdqN çkIr djldsa] ;g Hkkxhnkjhiw.kZ vkSj fodsafær gksAlafoèkku ds 74osa la'kksèku ds rgr ;w,ychdks yksdrkaf=kd vkSj l'kDr cuk;s tkus dhHkh l[r vko';drk gSA vfèkdkjksa vkSj dk;Z&nksuksa gh esa es;j dks ftEesnkj cuk;k tkukpkfg,A dbZ oSf'od uxjksa dh leL;kvksa dklekèkku es;j dh vè;{krk esa fuokZfpr LFkkuh;ljdkjksa }kjk fd;k tk pqdk gSA mnkgj.k dsrkSj ij yanu vkSj U;w;kWdZ ds es;j dks

('ks"kka'k i`"B 18 ij)


vkt Hkkjr ds reke 'kgj vkokl]vkthfodk] vkokxeu vkSj ekSfyd lqfoèkkvksads vHkko ls tw> jgs gSaA ge iSls yxkrs gSa^leL;kvksa* ds ^lekèkku* ds fy,] ysfduiSls [kRe gks tkrs gSa vkSj èkjh jg tkrh gSagekjs fgLls dh leL;k,aA

czkthy dk ,d 'kgj gS ^D;wjhVhck*]ftlus 'kgjh fodkl esa nqfu;k dks fn'kk nhgSA 'kgjksa dh leL;kvksa vkSj [kq'kgkyh dhtkap&ij[k djus ds nkSjku geus dbZ 'kgjksadk uke lquk Fkk ftuds iz'kkluksa ,oa uxjlsodksa us 'kgjokfl;ksa dh leL;kvksa dkscsgrjhu rjhds ls lqy>kus ds fy, igy dhFkh] mlesa ,d uke D;wjhVhck dk Hkh FkkAD;wjhVhck ds ckjs esa fofHkUu lzksrksa ls geuscgqr lkjh tkudkjh gkfly djus dh dksf'k'kdhA dqN czkthfy;u ls nksLrh Hkh cukbZysfdu tSls&tSls tkudkjh c<+rh xbZ] oSls&oSlsbl 'kgj dks :c: ns[kus dh ftKklk Hkhc<+rh xbZA geus D;wjhVhck dks ns[kus dh;kstuk cukbZA eSa ns[kuk pkgrk Fkk& bl 'kgjdh [kwclwjrh vkSj 'kgjokfl;ksa ls mldsljksdkjA ,d lIrkg rd ge ;gka jgsAlqcg&lqcg 'kgj ds flikfg;ksa] O;kikfj;ksa]ekfy;ksa] flfoy bathfu;jksa] lkfgR;dkjksa o;kstukdkjksa ls ckrphr dhA nksigj ckn ge'kgj ds fofHkUu bykdksa dks ns[krs&le>rs&cw>rs 'kgj ds ikj rd pDdj yxkrs jgsA

gksVy ds lkeus dh lM+d xksy iRFkjksals cukbZ xbZ FkhA ogka dkjksa dk vkuk&tkukekuk FkkA nksuksa rjiQ jks'kuh dh drkjsa pepekjgh FkhaA ;g lM+d vkxs tkdj ,slh gh ,dvkSj lM+d ls tqM+ tkrh Fkh vkSj og lM+d

'kgj] lekt vkSj yksdra=k% D;wjhVhck dk vuqHko

jktsUnz jfo

dlkSVh

l

ys[kd 'kgjh lkekftd ;kstukdkj] vuqlaèkkuosRrk vkSj 'kgjh eqn~ns ds fo'ks"kK gSaA bl le; og ^baLVhV~;wV iQkWj MseksØslh ,aM lLVsusfcfyVh* fnYyh ds funs'kd gSaAog 'kgjh fu;kstu] 'kgj esa ifjogu vkfn fo"k;ksa ij i=k&if=kdkvksa rFkk vkdk'kok.kh o nwjn'kZu ds ekè;e ls yxkrkj viuh jk; j[krs jgs gSaA izdkf'kr iqLrdsa% fjD'kk,d egkxkFkk] fjD'kk ftanxh gS ;kjksa] ;FkkFkZ dh èkjrh vkSj liuk] VªSfiQd dh le>] xjhc gSa xqyke ugha] (lHkh fganh)] lkxk vkWiQ fjD'kk (vaxzsth)A MkWD;wesaVªh% niSMy lksYtlZ vkWiQ bafM;k] lkbZfdfyax&eksfcfyfV iQkWj bfDofVA bZesy% [email protected]

D;wjhVhck dh LFkkiuk ,d

fiNM+s vkSj misf{kr 'kgj ds :i

esa gqbZ FkhA 1940 esa ;gka dh

vkcknh 1]25]000 Fkh vkSj

vkt ogka dh vkcknh rhu yk[k

ds djhc gSA D;wjhVhck bl ckr

dk ,d mRÑ"V mnkgj.k gS fd

ekuoksfpr ftanxh clj djus dh

pkg fdl rjg ,d lkiQ&lqFkjs

i;kZoj.k dk lzksr Hkh cu ldrh

gSA ;g 'kgj uD'ks esa viuh txg

dh otg ls [kwclwjr ugha gSA ;gka

u rks leanj ds fdukjs gSa] u

ufn;ksa ij yacs&pkSM+s iqy gSaA u gh

laLÑfr ;k ,s'o;Z ds Lrj ij ;g

egku gSA ;g rks ,d e>kSys

vkdkj dk czkthfy;u 'kgj gS

jdkj us Hkkjrokfl;ksa ds liuksadks iwjk djus dk oknk fd;kgSA mUgha oknksa esa ,d gS ^lkS

LekVZ 'kgjksa* dk fuekZ.kA nqfu;kHkj esa ftrusHkh 'kgj gaS muesa vfèkdka'k dk mÙkjksÙkjfodkl gqvk gSA bus fxus 'kgj gh gksaxsftudk fuekZ.k gqvk gSA D;k lkS LekVZ 'kgjksa*ds fuekZ.k ls gekjh leL;kvksa dk ^funku*gksxk ;k leL;kvksa dk lekèkku gh gekjs'kgjksa dks ^LekVZ* :i nsxkA

vkt Hkkjr ljdkj ds bl ,tsaMs dks iwjkdjus ds fy, nqfu;k ds reke cM+s eqYdviuh iwath dk fuos'k djus dh bPNk O;Drdj jgs gSa vkSj os vius izzfrfufèkeaMyksa dslkFk izèkkuea=kh ls feydj bl eqn~ns dks vkxsc<+kus dk oknk dj jgs gSaA

dk;ZHkkj laHkkyus ds ckn Hkkjr ds izèkkuea=khus viuh igyh fons'k ;k=kk HkwVku ls vkjEHkdhA HkwVku us vius eqYd ds fodkl dkekun.M thMhih ds ctk; ^ldy jk"Vªh;[kq'kgkyh* cuk;k gSA izèkkuea=kh dh vxyh;k=kk czkthy dh FkhA D;k ge dqN bueqYdksa ls lh[k ik,axs \

KkrO; gS fd Hkkjr ^fczDl iQksje* dklnL; gS vkSj ekuk tkrk gS fd fczDl iQksje*esa 'kkfey ns'kksa dh leL;kvksa esa dkiQh ,d:irkgSA Hkkjr ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk dh rjg ugha gScfYd ySfVu vesfjdk ds ns'k czkthy dhrjg gSA Hkkjr vkSj ySfVu vesfjdh ns'kksa dhleL;k,a vkSj lekèkku vkil esa esy [kkrs gSaAHkkjr vkSj czkthy nksuksa fodkl'khy ns'k gSaAdqN eqn~nksa ij ge ls os lh[k ldrs gSa vkSjdqN eqn~nksa ij muls geA


bl 'kgj dh dke;kch lkaf[;dh;n`f"V ls vuisf{kr&lh ekywe iM+rhFkhA bldh ,d otg rks ;g gS fdD;wjhVhck rqyukRed :i ls xjhc 'kgjgSA bl 'kgj dh vkSlr izfr O;fDrvk; rdjhcu 2500 MkWyj ds vkliklcSBrh gSA blls Hkh cqjh ckr ;g gS fdfoLFkkfir fdlkuksa ds iyk;u djds'kgj esa vkus ds dkj.k 'kgj ij vkcknhdk ncko c<+ x;kA

,d yacs&pkSM+s vkSj gfj;kyh Hkjs eSnku esatkdj [kRe gksrh FkhA eSnku esa lM+d dsnksuksa rjiQ nqdkuksa dh ykecan drkjsa fn[kkbZiM+ jgh FkhaA D;wjhVhck 'kgj igkfM+;ksa dschp esa clk gSA jkr esa dkiQh èkqaèk jgrh gS]ysfdu yksx ets ls ;gka&ogka Vgyrs gq,[kjhnnkjh dj jgs FksA vklikl rdjhcu dksbZdkj ugha FkhA fliQZ ,d pkSjkgs ij clksa dh,d drkj vkxs c<+rh fn[kkbZ ns jgh FkhA eq>sbl ckr dk tjk lk Hkh ,glkl ugha Fkk fdbl 'kgj dh uxj cl O;oLFkk dk nqfu;k esadksbZ tksM+ ugha gSA ;gka ds ikdksZa dh ?kkl dsj[kj[kko dk ftEek uxjikfydk ds fy,dke djus okys xM+fj;s vkSj mldh rhlHksM+ksa ds lewg ds lqiqnZ jgrk gSA

bl 'kgj dh dke;kch lkaf[;dh; nf"Vls vuisf{kr&lh ekywe iM+rh FkhA bldh ,dotg rks ;g gS fd D;wjhVhck rqyukRed :ils xjhc 'kgj gSA bl 'kgj dh vkSlr izfrO;fDr vk; rdjhcu 2500 MkWyj ds vkliklcSBrh gSA blls Hkh cqjh ckr ;g gS fdfoLFkkfir fdlkuksa ds iyk;u djds 'kgj esavkus ds dkj.k 'kgj ij vkcknh dk ncko c<+x;kA bl fygkt ls rks ;gka dh gkyr Hkhlkvks ikvksyks ;k eSfDldks flVh tSlh Hk;koggksuh pkfg, Fkh ysfdu eSa ;dhu ls dgldrk gwa fd ,slk ugha FkkA vkSj eSa ckj&ckj;g lksprk jgk fd ,slk D;ksa ugha gSA

;g 'kgj uD'ks esa viuh txg dh otgls [kwclwjr ugha gSA ;gka u rks leanj dsfdukjs gSa] u ufn;ksa ij yacs&pkSM+s iqy gSaA u ghlaLÑfr ;k ,s'o;Z ds Lrj ij ;g egku gSA;g rks ,d e>kSys vkdkj dk czkthfy;u'kgj gS ysfdu tgka rd ^thus ds ;ksX;* gksusdh ckr gS] bl 'kgj dk dksbZ eqdkcyk ughaAeSa ,sls fdlh 'kgj esa ugha x;k tks thus dsfy, bruk mRlkgtud vkSj yk;d fn[kkbZnsrk gksA gky ds ,d losZ{k.k esa crk;k x;kFkk fd U;w;kdZ ds 60 iQhlnh yksx viusle¼ vkSj egkuxjh; 'kgj dks NksM+dj pystkuk pkgrs gSaA blds foijhr D;wjhVhck ds 99izfr'kr ckf'kanksa dk dguk Fkk fd os vius'kgj ls cgqr [kq'k gSaA lkvks ikvksyks ds 70iQhlnh yksxksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd mudh utj esaD;wjhVhck esa ftanxh csgrj gks ldrh gSA

bl 'kgj esa Hkh >ksifM+;ka gSaA dqN oSlhgh >ksiM+ifV~V;ka tks rhljh nqfu;k ds T;knkrj'kgjksa esa viuk ncnck cuk, gq, gSaA ,sls

'kgjksa esa vkcknh c<+us ds lkFk&lkFk 'kgj dsbnZ&fxnZ bl rjg dh >ksiM+ifV~V;ka mx vkrhgSaA ysfdu ;gka dh >ksiM+ifV~V;ka Hkh dqNvyx fdLe dh gSaA mudks ns[kdj ,dmEehn lh iSnk gksrh gSA ;s >ksiM+ifV~V;kalkiQ&lqFkjh gSaA felky ds rkSj ij] ,d uxjdk;ZØe ds izkoèkku ds rgr ;fn dksbZ>ksiM+iV~Vhoklh ,d cksjk dwM+k bdV~Bk djrkgS rks cnys esa uxj iz'kklu dh rjiQ ls mls[kkus dk ,d iSdsV fn;k tkrk gSA D;wjhVhckbl ckr dk ,d mRÑ"V mnkgj.k gS fdekuoksfpr ftanxh clj djus dh pkg fdlrjg ,d lkiQ&lqFkjs i;kZoj.k dk lzksr Hkhcu ldrh gSA 'kgj dh ;krk;kr O;oLFkk rkscf<+;k gh gS] ;gka ds ckf'kans Hkh 'kgj dsfdukjksa dh ctk; eè; esa jguk T;knk ilandjrs gSaA blh otg ls czkthy ds ckdh yksxksads eqdkcys ;gka izfr O;fDr bZaèku [kir 25izfr'kr de jgrh gSA

D;wjhVhck dh LFkkiuk ,d fiNM+s vkSjmisf{kr 'kgj ds :i esa gqbZ FkhA 1940 esa;gka dh vkcknh 1]25]000 FkhA vkSj vktogka dh vkcknh rhu yk[k ds djhc gSA iwjsns'k ds lkFk&lkFk vkèkqfud fodkl vkSjdkj&cgqy iz.kkyh dk vlj D;wjhVhck esa HkhlkiQ fn[kkbZ iM+rk FkkA cgqr lkjs ,sls ghnwljs vlj Hkh ogka fn[kkbZ nsrs FksA 'kgj dseè; bykdksa esa ifjogu O;oLFkk f?klV&f?klVdj pyus yxh FkhA gok esa èkq,a dk T;knktksj FkkA tkfgj Fkk fd vc 'kgj dks ;kstukc¼rjhds ls clkus&c<+kus dk oDr vk pqdk FkkAijUrq reke ckdh 'kgjksa dh rjg ;gka Hkhfu;kstu dk eryc ^O;fDrxr okguksa* dsfy, fu;kstu FkkA

vkfèkdkfjd ;kstuk esa r; fd;k x;kfd 'kgj dh eq[; lM+dksa dks pkSM+k fd;ktk,xk] muesa ubZ ykbusa tksM+h tk,axhA bldk

eryc Fkk fd ,d lnh iqjkuh mu bekjrksadks fxjk fn;k tk,xk tks eè; bykds dhlM+dksa ds nksuksa rjiQ vkleku ls ckrsa djjgh FkhaA bl ;kstuk esa r; fd;k x;k fd,d ,slh tehuh iqy ifj;kstuk cukbZ tk,ftlds tfj, 'kgj ds lkjs pkSjkgs ,d&nwljsls tqM+ tk,aa ysfdu bl ;kstuk dk yksxksa usizfrjksèk fd;kA ;g fojksèk dsanzh; fo'ofo|ky;dh LFkkuh; 'kk[kk vkSj okLrq'kkL=k ,oa ;kstukfoHkkxksa esa [kklrkSj ls T;knk FkkA bl izfrjksèkds lcls eq[kj usr`RodrkZ Fks tse yuZjA

FkqyFkqy 'kjhj ds Lokeh tse yuZj ,dnksLrkuk O;fDrRo ds ekfyd gSaA og ph;lZ*gksVy esa ckWj ds fljs ij [kM+s ukseZ lsfeyrs&tqyrs gSaA og lwV igu ysa rks cM+kcsrqdk eglwl djrs gSaA blhfy, og D;wjhVhckds egkikSj jgus ds ckotwn vkerkSj ij iksyks'kVZ gh iguuk ilan djrs gSaA og dbZ ckj'kgj ds egkikSj jg pqds gSaA lkB ds n'kdds vkf[kj esa og fliQZ ,d ;qok ;kstukdkjvkSj okLrqdkj FksA mudh ijofj'k bl 'kgjesa vius iksfy'k firk dh nqdku esa dkedjrs gq, gqbZ FkhA tse yuZj us mlh tekus esatehuh iqy ds f[kykiQ eqfge pykbZ FkhA ogdgrs gSa] ^ljdkj gekjs 'kgj ds bfrgkl dkssdwM+s esa iQsad nsus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh FkhA*

;g ,d vPNh ckr gS fd tse yuZjD;wjhVhck esa rjg&rjg ds yksxksa dks ns[krsgq, cM+s gq, FksA mUgsa bl fefJr vkcknh lsyxko FkkA dqN jktuhfrd mrkj&p<+koksa dhotg ls egt 33 lky dh mez esa yuZj us[kqn dks D;wjhVhck ds egkikSj dh dqlhZ ijcSBs ik;kA iyd >idrs muds reke nksLrvkSj lgdehZ èkwy [kkrh viuh&viuh ;kstuk,aysdj muds lkeus gkftj gksus yxsA iyd>idrs gh mUgsa dkjksa dh ctk; vke yksxksads fy, D;wjhVhck dks 'kDy&lwjr r; djusdk ekSdk fey x;kA

bl rjg u, D;wjhVhck dh dgkuh 'kq:gqbZA ;g dgkuh D;wjhVhck dh dsanzh; lM+d&:vk fDoats& ls 'kq: gqbZ ftls iqjkuh ;kstukesa tehuh iqy ds lk, esa vka[kksa ls vks>ydj nsus dk ealwck ckaèkk x;k FkkA yuZj us:vk fDoats dks vLr&O;Lr djus dh ctk;bl ckr ij tksj fn;k fd bl lM+d dksiSny pyus okyksa dh lqfoèkk ds fglkc lsfodflr fd;k tk,A bl balkuh 'kgj dhfuth pkg dk ;g igyk izrhd FkkA og


bathfu;jksa us iwjs 'kgj esa dbZ txgNksVs&NksVs ckaèk cukdj unh ds ikuhdks dbZ >hyksa esa eksM+ fn;kA gj ikdZds chp esa ,d >hy cuk nh xbZAO;oLFkk ,slh Fkh fd vxj cjlkr cgqrT;knk gks rks Hkh >hyksa dk ikuh ,d;k nks iQqV gh Åij mB ldrk FkkAmlds 'kgj esa tkus dh dksbZ xqatkb'kugha FkhA

dgrs gSa] êSa tkurk Fkk fd bl dke esa gesacgqr tn~nkstgn djuh iM+sxhA eSa nqdkunkjksadks bl ckr dk ;dhu ugha fnyk ldrk Fkkfd bl lM+d dks iSny pyus okyksa ds fy,vkjf{kr dj nsus ls mUgsa Hkh iQk;nk gksxkAczkthy esa rks rc rd bl rjg dk dksbZîsMsfLVª;u ekWy* Fkk gh ugh ysfdu eq>s;dhu Fkk fd vxj mu yksxksa dks okdbZîsMsfLVª;u ekWy* fn[kkus dk ekSdk fey tk,rks og cl mUgsa ns[krs jg tk,axsA

fojksèk ls fuiVus ds fy, mUgksaus cgqr,gfr;kr ls viuh ;kstuk rS;kj dhA ogcrkrs gSa êaSus vius lHkh deZpkfj;ksa ls dgkfd ^vc ;q¼ dh rjg rS;kjh djuh gksxhA*esjs lkoZtfud dk;Z lfpo us dgk fd bldke ds fy, nks ekg dk oDr yxsxkA eSausmls le>k;k fd ;g dke ,d eghus esa iwjkgks tk, rks vPNk jgsxkA dqN nsj [khaprkupyh vkSj eSaus mls ,d gÝrs esa dke iwjkdjus ds fy, euk fy;kA mlus dgk] ^BhdgS ysfdu vc dksbZ cgl ugha gksxhA* eSusdgk] ^pyks Bhd gS] 'kqØokj dh jkr lsdke 'kq: djrs gSa vkSj lkseokj dh lqcgrd gesa ;g dke iwjk dj ysuk gS* vkSjmUgksaus dj MkykA mUgksaus iQqVikFkksa dks rksM+dju, fljs ls cuk fn;kA lM+d ij yxs xksyiRFkjksa dks gVk fn;k] lM+d ij cfRr;ka vkSj[kks[ks yxk fn, vkSj nfl;ksa gtkj iQwyksa dsikSèks txg&txg yxk fn, x,A**

bl dke esa yuZj dh enn djus okysvkslokYMks vkYosl dgrs gSa] ;g ,d Hk;kudtksf[ke FkkA bl nqLlkgl ds fy, mUgsa c[kkZLrfd;k tk ldrk Fkk ysfdu lkseokj dhnksigj rd gkyr ;g gks xbZ fd tks nqdkunkjdkuwuh dkjZokbZ dh èkedh ns jgs Fks] oghegkikSj ds ikl bl ckr dh vthZ ysdjigqap x, fd ekWy dks vkSj c<+k fn;k tk,Avxys lIrkgkar esa LFkkuh; vkWVkseksckby Dycds dqN lnL;ksa us èkedh nh fd og bllM+d ij viuk dCtk ugha NksM+saxsA mUgksausdgk fd os tcju bl lM+d ij viuh dkjsapyk,axsA yuZj us bu yksxksa ls fuiVus ds fy,iqfyl dks ugha cqyk;kA bldh ctk; mUgksaus'kgj ds deZpkfj;ksa vkSj vke yksxksa dkslM+d dh iwjh yackbZ&pkSM+kbZ esa NksVs&cM+sdkxt ds VqdM+s ysdj cSBus dh nkor nsnhA* tc vkWVks Dyc ds yksx ekSds ij igqapsrks lM+d ij ntZuksa cPps cSBdj rLohjsa cuk

jgs FksA D;wjhVhck dh dk;kiyV dk flyflyk'kq: gks pqdk FkkA

D;wjhVhck ds fu;kstu esa fdiQk;r rhucqfu;knh mlwyksa esa ls ,d gSA 'kgj dh cgqrlkjh bekjrksa dk îquuZohuhdj.k* fd;k x;kgSA ;kstuk eq[;ky; Hkh ,d iqjkuh iQuhZpjiQSDVªh esa fLFkr gSA ck:n fMiks esa ,diQuhZpj iQSDVªh [kksy nh xbZ gSA xksan cukusokys ,d la;a=k dks cPpksa dh ikB'kkyk esarCnhy dj fn;k x;k gSA :vk fDoats ijfLFkr ,d iqjkuh VªkWyh LVs'ku dks fu%'kqYdckyokM+h esa rCnhy dj fn;k x;k gS tgka[kjhnkj vius cPpksa dks dqN ?kaVksa ds fy,NksM+ ldrs gSaA 'kgj ds ikdZ fdiQk;r dsekeys esa cqf¼ekuh dh ,d felky gSaA tcyuZj us 1971 esa igyh ckj dqlhZ laHkkyh Fkhrks D;wjhVhck dk ,dek=k ikdZ 'kgj ds eè;esa fLFkr FkkA ikfl;ks iqfCydks uked blvkjkensg fpfM+;k?kj vkSj [ksy ds eSnku esa

iSMy cksV~l RkFkk iqjkus [kwclwjr o`{kksa dsNksVs&NksVs >qaM FksA bu isM+ksa ij olar dsekSle esa uhys iQwy f[kyrs gSaA vkYosl crkrsgSa fd ^ml igys dk;Zdky esa gh ge cgqrlkjs pkSjkgs vkSj Iyktk fodflr dj nsukpkgrs FksA blds fy, geus ,d txg pquh]cgqr lkjh nhokjsa cukbZa vkSj ogka cgqr lkjsisM+ yxk fn,A*

bRrsiQkd ls mlh le; T;knkrj czkthy'kgjksa esa yach&PkkSM+h ck<+ fu;a=k.k ifj;kstukvksaij dke py jgk FkkA D;wjhVhck ds ikl Hkh'kgj ls xqtjus okyh ikap ufn;ksa dks ^lghjkLrk fn[kkus* ds fy, iSlk ekStwn FkkA ;kstuk;g Fkh fd bu ufn;ksa dks daØhV dh nhokjksals ckaèk fn;k tk, rkfd 'kgj dks ck<+ lscpk;k tk ldsA

vkYosl crkrs gSa] ^cSadj pkgrs Fks fdlkjh ufn;ksa dks etcwrh ls ?ksj fn;k tk,

rkfd os ikV ds ckgj u cg ldsaA* uxjiz'kklu us blh dke ds fy, dtkZ rks fy;kij mls ufn;ksa dh ctk; tehu ij [kpZ djMkykA bathfu;jksa us iwjs 'kgj esa dbZ txgNksVs&NksVs ckaèk cukdj unh ds ikuh dks dbZ>hyksa esa eksM+ fn;kA gj ikdZ ds chp esa ,d>hy cuk nh xbZA O;oLFkk ,slh Fkh fd vxjcjlkr cgqr T;knk gks rks Hkh >hyksa dk ikuh,d ;k nks iQqV gh Åij mB ldrk FkkAmlds 'kgj esa tkus dh dksbZ xqatkb'k ughaFkhA ikdksZa dh ns[kHkky ds fy, ftEesnkjfudksykÅ D;wisy dgrs gSa fd ^miQuuk rksgj unh dk vfèkdkj gSA Hkyk vki mls dSlsnck ldrs gSaA*

eq[; :i ls viuh ck<+ fu;a=k.k ;kstukdh otg ls gh chl lky esa ;gka dhgfj;kyh dbZ xquk c<+ xbZA igys ;gka izfrO;fDr nks oxZ iQqV gfj;kyh Fkh tks chllky esa 150 oxZ iQqV izfr O;fDr rd igqapxbZA ;g fLFkfr rks rc Fkh tc bl nkSjku'kgj dh vkcknh rhu xquk gks pqdh FkhAvfèkÑr nLrkostksa vkSj lkfgR; esa LokHkkfodxoZ ds lkFk bl ckr dks ckj&ckj nksgjk;ktkrk gS fd ;g la[;k fo'o LokLF; laxBu}kjk r; fd, x, ekud &12 oxZ ehVj& lspkj xquk T;knk gSA D;wjhVhck dh gj f[kM+dhls eq>s mruh gh gfj;kyh fn[krh Fkh ftruhdaØhV fn[kkbZ iM+rh FkhA vkSj blesa D;k 'kdgS fd gfj;kyh gh [kq'kgkyh dk lzksr gSA u,ikdksZa ds bnZ&fxnZ tehuksa dh dher rsth lsc<+h gS vkSj blh vuqikr esa uxj iz'kklu dhvkenuh esa Hkh btkiQk gqvk gSA

'kgj dh vkcknh yxkrkj c<+rh tk jghgSA ysfdu yxrk gS fd D;wjhVhck ds yksxksa usviuh lkekftd leL;kvksa dh dej rksM+ nhgSA >ksiM+ifV~V;ksa esa jgus okys T;knkrj yksxxkao&nsgkr ds vius ?kj&ckM+ ls mtM+ djvk, gSaA blfy, muds fy, ,d vnn edkudk bartke djuk cgqr t:jh gSA mUgsa fliQZ,d vkJ;&LFky ugha] cfYd ,d ,slk edkupkfg, tks mudk viuk gksA vLlh ds n'kdds eè; rd D;wjhVhck dk lkoZtfud vkokldk;ZØe ,d r; <jsZ ij pyrk FkkA ;gkafdlh Hkh nwljs czkthy 'kgj ds eqdkcys izfrO;fDr T;knk edku cuk, tkrs FksA bu edkuksadks NksVs&NksVs tRFkksa esa 'kgj ds gj dksus esacuk;k x;k ftlls og vklikl ds bykdksaesa vklkuh ls [ki tk,aA ij leL;k rks rc


D;wjhVhck 'kklu dh 'kCnkoyhesa ,dhdj.k 'kCn ckj&ckj lqukbZ iM+rkgSA ;g Hkh ;gka ds uxj iz'kklu dsdsanzh; fl¼karksa esa ls ,d gSA bldkeryc ;g gS fd iwjs 'kgj &vehj]xjhc] vkSj eè; oxZ &dks lkaLÑfrd]vkfFkZd vkSj HkkSfrd nf"V ls ,d&nwljsls tksM+ fn;k tk,A

[kM+h gqbZ tc bl dk;ZØe ds fy, iSls dklzksr can gks x;kA 1985 esa us'kuy gkmflaxcSad èkjk'kkgh gks x;kA mlh le; edkuksa dhekax vkleku Nwus yxh] D;ksafd xkao&nsgkrls cM+h rknkn esa yksx >ksiM+ifV~V;ksa esa vkdjjgus yxs FksA NksVs] vyx&vyx edkuksa dhuhfr NksM+ dj uxj iz'kklu us r; fd;k fd'kgj dh tehu ij dqN cM+s iV~Vksa dksfodflr fd;k tk,A blds fy, dbZ ufn;ksals f?kjh [ksrh dh tehu pquh xbZ vkSj mlsuksoks ck;jksa dk uke fn;k x;kA

lkoZtfud vkokl dk;ZØe ds ,dvfèkdkjh us crk;k] ^vYi vk; rcds dslkB iQhlnh yksx fuekZ.k m|ksx esa fdlh ufdlh Lrj ij tqM+s gq, gSaA mUgsa irk gS fd?kj dSls cuk, tkrs gSaA* vkSj ;gha lclsân;Li'khZ igyw lkeus vkrk gS% vkidks tehudk fliQZ VqdM+k ugha feyrkA mlds lkFkekfydkus dk dkxt] nks isM+& ,d iQynkjvkSj ,d ltkoVh& rFkk 'kgj esa cSBs vkykokLrqdkjksa ds lkFk ,d ?kaVs ckr djus dkekSdk Hkh feyrk gSA ,d okLrqdkj us crk;k]^gekjs ikl tks yksx vkrs gSa os [kqn crkrs gSfd mUgsa D;k pkfg, & vxyh rjiQ cM+h&lhf[kM+dh ;k jlksbZ esa dejk ;k dqN HkhA osgesa crkrs gSa fd muds cPps fdrus gSa] ;kmudh t:jr fdruh gSA vkSj blds ckn gemuds fy, ;kstuk rS;kj djrs gSaA* bl okLrqdkjus 'kgj esa 3]000 ls T;knk edkuksa dk uD'kkrS;kj fd;k gSA

,d vkSj fMtkbuj us gesa le>k;k]^T;knkrj yksx ,sls gksrs gSa tks 'kq#vkr esa

fliQZ ,d dejk gh cuk ikrs gSaA rc gemUgsa crkrs gSa fd lcls igys mUgsa dgka ls'kq# djuk pkfg, vkSj D;k cukuk pkfg,A*

Uksoks ck;jksa ds eè; esa lkoZtfud vkokldk;ZØe ds rgr 24 ?kjksa okyh ,d izkS|ksfxdhlM+d* cukbZ xbZ gSA bu 24 ?kjksa esa ls gjsdvyx&vyx fuekZ.k rduhd ls cuk;k x;krkfd yksx bl ckr dk vanktk yxk lds fdfdl rjg dk edku muds fy, T;knklqfoèkktud jgsxkA ;s lkjs NksVs&NksVs edkugSa] exj muls mu yksxksa ds ckjs esa dkiQh

dqN irk pyrk gS ftUgksaus mUgsa cuk;k gSAvkokl ifj;kstuk ds eqf[k;k dk dguk gS]^;g ,d ,slk edku gS tks I;kj dh cqfu;knij [kM+k gSA blh otg ls yksx bls dHkhNksM+dj ugha tk,axsA yksx ;gha viuh ftanxhlaokjsaxs vkSj 'kgj dk fgLlk cu tk,axsA*

Uksoks ck;jksa esa lcls igys ,d XyklV~;wc cl LVs'ku rS;kj fd;k x;kA bl cLkLVs'ku ds tfj, ;g bykdk ckdh 'kgj lstqM+ x;kA D;wjhVhck 'kklu dh 'kCnkoyh esa,dhdj.k 'kCn ckj&ckj lqukbZ iM+rk gSA ;g

Hkh ;gka ds uxj iz'kklu ds dsanzh; fl¼karksaesa ls ,d gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd iwjs'kgj &vehj] xjhc] vkSj eè; oxZ &dkslkaLÑfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj HkkSfrd n`f"V ls,d&nwljs ls tksM+ fn;k tk,A fgrks'kh ukdkiwjk'kgj ds ikdZ vk;qDr vkSj yuZj ds iqjkuslkFkh o lg;ksxh gSaA ckrphr ds nkSjku eSausmuls unh ds vklikl ds bykds esa clusokys yksxkssa ds lkeus is'k vkus okyh leL;kvksads ckjs esa iwNkA mUgksaus dgk] gesa >ksiM+ifV~V;ksads yksxksa ls Hkh laokn j[kuk pkfg,A vxjge muls laokn u j[ksa] vxj os vyx&Fkyxeglwl djus yxsa rks os 'kgj vkSj lekt dsf[kykiQ dke djus yxsaxsA vxj ge muijè;ku nsa rks os [kqn dks ykokfjl eglwl ughadjsaxsA os lH; ukxfjd dh rjg vkRefo'oklls is'k vk,axsA*

D;wjhVhck dk vuqlj.k djus ds fy,nqfu;k dks viuh dqN iqjkuh vknrsa NksM+uhgksaxhA vkSj lcls eqf'dy vknr ;g gS ftlsyuZj ,d =kkln] ej.kklUu jksxh tSlk ,glkl*dgrs gSaA cgqr lkjs 'kgjksa esa ^vla[; yksx,sls gSa tks ;g lkfcr djus ds ekfgj gSa fdvc cnyko dh dksbZ xqatkb'k ugha cph gSAeSa mUgsa le>kuk pkgrk gwa fd ftruh rkdros ;g lkfcr djus esa yxkrs gaS fd dqN ughafd;k tk ldrk] vxj mruh gh rkdr osbl dksf'k'k esa yxk nsa fd cnyko yk;k tkldrk gS rks okdbZ cgqr dqN cny tk,xkA

vkt Hkkjr ds ;kstukdkj rFkk [kqnizèkkuea=kh lkS LekVZ 'kgjksa dks cukus dh

;kstukvkxkeh vad

vDVwcj 2014vlaxfBr {ks=k (fo'ks"kkad)

uoacj 2014izkS|ksfxdh] uokpkj rFkk Kku vFkZO;oLFkk



esa ijh{k.k fd;k tkuk vko';d gS] tks ns'kesa fiNys rhu n'kdksa ls pyk vk jgk gSAtokgj yky usg: jk"Vªh; 'kgjh uohdj.kfe'ku (tsuqje) bl ekeys esa ,d izHkkohmnkgj.k is'k djrk gSA okLro eas ;g jkthovkokl ;kstuk ds fy, lgh ek;us esa 'kq:vkrhdne dh ifjdYiuk nsrk gSA jktho vkokl;kstuk dh ladYiuk dk vkdyu LekVZ vkSjfo'oLrjh; izfrLièkkZ ds ;ksX; 'kgjksa dhc<+rh eakx ds lanHkZ esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,Afo'ks"k rkSj ij jktho vkokl ;kstuk ds <kapsdk ijh{k.k 'kgjksa esa tehu dh miyCèkrk]efyu cfLr;ksa ds LFkkf;Ro] >qXxh esa jgusokys yksxksa dh ik=krk vkSj muds lkeF;Z(dqaMq) ds lanHkZ esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;slHkh pkj eqn~ns tsuqje ;k jktho vkokl;kstuk ds tulkaf[;dh; fodkl vkSj xjhcksadh Hkkxhnkjh ij lhèkk vlj Mkyrs gSaA tks'kgj dh vkfFkZd :i ls 'kkfey djus dhuhfr vkSj 'kgjksa dh n{krk dk izfrfcac gSa]ftldh igys ppkZ dh xbZ gSA

tehu dh miyCèkrk vkSj LFkk;hdj.k

jktho vkokl ;kstuk dk lcls egRoiw.kZeqn~nk dk;kZUo;u lfefr;ksa }kjk fu'kqYd tehumiyCèk djk, tkus dk gSA ;fn dksbZ 'kgj ;kjkT; fe'ku ds fy, tehu miyCèk ughadjkrk] rks ;g ;kstuk ds rgr dsanz ljdkj lsèku dh eakx ugha dj ldrk gSA egRoiw.kZfcanq ;g gS fd fdl rjg ,d LFkkuh;fudk; fu'kqYd tehu vfèkxzghr dj miyCèkdjk ldrk gSA dksbZ ;g dYiuk dj ldrkgS pwafd fdlh 'kgjh tula[;k esa yxHkx 18

>qXxheqDr Hkkjr dk ,d n`f"Vdks.k

vferkHk dqaMq

iM+rky

Hkk jr ds 'kgjh {ks=kksa dks efyucLrh jfgr cukus ds ljdkjds mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ ds fy,

dsanz ljdkj ds dk;ZØe ds varxZr rS;kj dhxbZ jktho vkokl ;kstuk dh ladYiuk vkSjlapkyu ds chp dkiQh cM+k varj gSA bl;kstuk us fofHkUu frekfg;ksa ds nkSjku dbZizdkj ls mEehnsa txkbZ gSaA xjhc vkSj cs?kjyksx tks vktknh ds ckn ls gh vius fy,fdlh izdkj ds vkJ; dh mEehn yxk, cSBsFks] os vc bl ;kstuk ds okLrfodrk esacnyus dh mEehn dj jgs gSaaA jh;y ,LVsVykWch tks vkèks n'kd igys rd bl Mj esaFkh fd vkokl ;kstuk dk ;s cqycqyk fdlhHkh le; iQwVus gh okyk gS mUgsa vc bl {ks=kesa O;kid fj;k;rsa vkSj izksRlkgu dh vklutj vk jgh gSA blh izdkj ls cSafdax {ks=kdks Hkh vkoklh; Í.k dh is'kfx;ksa esa o`f¼ds ekè;e ls cM+h dekbZ dh laHkkouk,acurh fn[k jgh gSaA bl ;kstuk ls lclsT;knk [kq'k 'kgjh eè;e oxZ vkSj èkuk<~; oxZds yksx gq, gSaA mUgsa yx jgk gS fd bllsmuds 'kgj dkuwu vkSj O;oLFkk] xanxh tSlhvLokLF;dj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls cp tk,axs] tksleL;k,a vke rkSj ij >qXxh >ksifM+;ksa lstqM+h gksrh gSaA mUgsa bl ckr ls dksbZ ysuk&nsukugha gS fd bl ;kstuk dh iwfrZ >qfXx;ksa dksgVkdj dh tk, ;k fiQj mlh LFkku ij bucfLr;ksa dk mUu;u dj dh tk,A

ifjpkyu vkSj <kapk

bl ;kstuk dh 'krksZa vkSj lkefxz;ksa dkviotZukRed 'kgjhdj.k ds iSVuZ ds lanHkZ

efyu cfLr;ksa ds ckjs esa

jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k

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vkxkeh losZ{k.k esa efyu

cfLr;ksa dh dqN fof'k"Vrkvksa

dks Hkh rdZlaxr rjhds ls

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vfèkd lkjxfHkZr gks ldsA bu

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fd;k tk ldrk gS fd egkjk"Vª

tSls dqN jkT;ksa esa vkSlru 70

izfr'kr efyu cfLr;ka LFkk;h

rkSj ij clh gqbZ gSa

ys[kd ostZcxZ fo'ofo|ky; teZuh esaa vFkZ'kkL=k ds izksiQslj rFkk fnYyh uhfr lewg] Hkkjr esa ofj"B iQSyks gSaA og tokgjyky usg# fo'ofo|ky; ds {ks=kh; fodklvè;;u dsanz esa Hkh izksiQslj gSaA og ,eLVMZe fo'ofo|ky; eslu Mh lkabl] isfjl rFkk dSllZykVu fo'ofo|ky; esa Hkh vfrfFk izkè;kid jgs gSaA bl le; og Hkkjrh;fjtoZ cSad dh vkoklu lacaèkh ,d lfefr ds vè;{k gSaA bZesy% [email protected]


ls 20 izfr'kr >qXxh cfLr;ksa esa jgus okyhvkcknh gS] blfy, ek=k 3 ls 4 izfr'krtehu gkfly djuk dksbZ eqf'dy dke ughagksxkA ;g crkuk egRoiw.kZ gksxk fd vfèkdka'kefyu cfLr;ka 'kgjksa ds dsanz esa fLFkr gSa]ftUgsa gM+ius ds fy, fufgr LokFkhZ rRoges'kk rkd esa jgrs gSaA

bl eqn~ns ls tqM+k ,d loky bu Hkwfe;ksads LFkkf;Ro dk Hkh gSA jktho vkokl ;kstukds fn'kk funsZ'k lacaèkh nLrkost esa bl ckrdk ftØ fd;k x;k gS fd ftu Hkwfe;ksa ds75 izfr'kr fgLls esa >qfXx;ka gSa mUgsa LFkkbZefyu cfLr;ka ekuk tk, vkSj dsoy vLFkkbZ>qfXx;ka ftuesa 25 izfr'kr ls T;knk ?kj ugksa] mUgsa gh dgha vkSj LFkkukarfjr fd;k tk,A;|fi 70 ls 75 izfr'kr >qfXx;ksa okyh Hkwfedk gh LFkk;h cLrh ds :i esa fopkj djusdh ckr dgh xbZ gS] vU; yksxksa ds fy,Hkwfe gkfly djus esa Hkh dbZ ijs'kkfu;kavk,axh D;ksafd efyu cfLr;ksa ds fodkl esamlh LFkku ij mudk mUu;u djus dh iz.kkyhegRoiw.kZ lkfcr gks ldrh gSA ckdh 25izfr'kr >qXxhokfl;kas ds fy, vU;=k O;oLFkkdjuk vfèkd eqf'dy ugha gksxk D;ksafdmuesa ls vfèkla[; fuokfl;ksa dks LFkk;h cfLr;ksads fy, miyCèk Hkwfe esa gh lek;ksftrfd;k tk ldsxkA

gkykafd tehuh gdhdr blls cgqr fHkUugSA 'kgj vkSj jkT; ds Lrj ij dksbZ ,slh laLFkk;k fudk; ugha gS tks viuh vfrØe.k dh gqbZHkwfe dks LFkk;h ?kksf"kr djus dh Lohdfr nsAoks bls >qXxhokfl;ksa ls iqu% gkfly dj mlHkwfe dk mi;ksx èku mRiUu djus ds fy,Lo;a djuk pkgrs gSaA O;ogkj esa] tc 'kgj dsekLVj Iyku esa fdlh Hkwfe dk mi;ksx r;ugha gks vkSj ml laifÙk dk dksbZ Lokeh Hkh ugks rks mls LFkk;h ekuk tkrk gSA vusd 'kgj,slh Hkwfe dk mi;ksx oSf'od vkSj jk"Vªh;iwath vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, djus dk iz;kldjrs gSa] os iwjs LFkk;hdj.k ds ekeys dks ykHkdh nf"V ls vkadrs gSaA blfy, Hkwfe ds ewY;ds vkèkkj ij gh LokfeRo ds ekeys dkfuèkkZj.k djrs gSa vkSj 'kgj ;k bldh lhek esaekStwn de ewY; dh Hkwfe dks gh LFkk;h ?kksf"krdjrs gSa (dqaMq 2012)A

Hkwfe dh vuqiyCèkrk vkSj LFkkf;Ro dhifjHkk"kk vkSj èkkj.kkvksa us jktho vkokl ;kstuk

dks fofHkUu 'kgjksa esa vliQy cuk fn;k gSA;gh fLFkfr tsuqje ds lkFk Hkh gSA cM+s 'kgjksaesa ukxfjd laxBuksa lfgr fofHkUu LFkkuh;laLFkk,a vLFkkbZ <kaps ds mifu;eksa dk gokyknsrs gq, ljdkj ij ncko Mkyrh gSa fdmudh Hkwfe dk vfèkxzg.k fe'ku ds fy, ufd;k tk,A vfèkdrj ekeyksa esa] dk;kZUo;u,tsalh ;k ftyk Lrj ds izkfèkdj.k vfèkdkjhtehuh Lrj ij tM+sa iQSyk, fufgr LokFkhZrRoksa dh otg ls bu cfLr;ksa dks LFkk;hdjus ls lacafèkr eqn~nksa dks gy djus esaliQy ugha gks ikrsA jk"Vªh; lykgdkj lfefrus lykg nh Fkh fd ftykèkh'kksa dks LFkkf;Rods elys dks gy djus dh ftEesnkjh nhtk,A ysfdu dsanz vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dks bucfLr;ksa dks LFkk;h cukus ds ekunaMksa vkSjfof'k"Vrkvksa ls lacafèkr Li"V fn'kk funsZ'knsus gksaxs vU;Fkk ftykèkh'kksa ds fy, buleL;kvksa dks fuiVkuk laHko ugha gksxkA

dqN vU; 'kgjksa esa 75 ls 80 izfr'kr rdApawfd bl rjg ds ekunaM dsanzh; vkSj jkT;Lrj ij fufnZ"V ugha gSa] LFkkuh; iz'kklu dsfy, ;g vklku gks tkrk gS fd og dsoy25 ls 30 izfr'kr gh LFkk;h cfLr;ksa dh?kks"k.kk dj NqVdkjk ik tk,A tc rd dsanzvkSj jkT; ljdkjsa fn'kk funsZ'kksa ds tfj,LFkk;h cfLr;ksa ds ckjs esa dksbZ Li"V ifjHkk"kku nsa] rc rd bl eqn~ns dk LFkkuh; Lrj ijfujkdj.k ugha gks ldrk vkSj bldk dkuwuhvM+puksa ls xqtjuk r; gSA gkykafd tcbldk gy fudy vk,xk] rc fdlh HkhjkT; esa 75 izfr'kr vkcknh okyh efyucfLr;ksa dks LFkkf;Ro dk ntkZ gkfly gkstk,xkA ,sls esa LFkkuh; iz'kklu lalkèkuksa dsl`tu ds uke ij T;knk Hkwfe gM+ius esaliQy ugha gksaxsA ;g Hkh Li"V fd;k tkukvko';d gS fd bu {ks=kksa dks futh fcYMjksadks O;olk; ds fy, Hkh ugha fn;k tkldsxkA

ik=k ifjokjksa dh igpku

Hkwfe dh miyCèkrk vkSj LFkkf;Ro lacaèkhlokyksa dks vkiwfrZ i{k dh leL;kvksa dslanHkZ esa ns[kuk t:jh gSA tcfd ekax i{kesa ifjokjksa dh ik=krk vkSj lkeF;Z fuèkkZfjrdjus dk eqn~nk 'kkfey gSA okLro esa] bl;kstuk ds lapkyu esa fj;k;rh vkoklksa dhik=krk ,d egRoiw.kZ izfrokn gSA ,d efyucLrh esa dksbZ ;g dSls r; djsxk fd dkSufdlh Hkwfe dk ekfydkuk gd vkSj edkugkfly djus dh ik=krk j[krk gSA cgqr lsukxfjd laxBu vkSj laLFkk,a cgl djrh gSafd dksbZ fdlh Hkh izfØ;k dk mi;ksx djsvkSj dksbZ Hkh ,slk O;fDr tks >qXxh esamifLFkr gks mldh ik=krk ij fopkj fd;ktkuk pkfg,A ;g tkuh gqbZ ckr gS fd'kfDr'kkyh Hkw&ekfiQ;k efyu cfLr;ksa lsvius dk;Z dk lapkyu djrs gSaA blfy,ik=k ifjokjksa dh igpku djus ds ekunaMfufnZ"V djuk t:jh gSA vxj ;g dk;Zfdlh ljdkjh laLFkk dks fn;k tkrk gS] rks;g vfuok;Z :i ls ernkrk igpku i=k]jk'ku dkMZ vkSj vkèkkj dkMZ tSls fufnZ"VnLrkostksa dh tkap fuf'pr rkSj ij djsxk]tks fe'ku ds mn~ns'; dks foiQy dj nsxkD;ksafd cgqr ls >qXxhoklh n'kdksa ls ,d

Hk wfe dh vuqiyCèkrk vk SjLFkkf;Ro dh ifjHkk"kk vkSj èkkj.kkvksaus jktho vkokl ;kstuk dks fofHkUu'kgjksa esa vliQy cuk fn;k gSA ;ghfLFkfr tsuqje ds lkFk Hkh gSA cM+s 'kgjksaesa ukxfjd laxBuksa lfgr fofHkUuLFkkuh; laLFkk,a vLFkkbZ <kaps dsmifu;eksa dk gokyk nsrs gq, ljdkjij ncko Mkyrh gSa fd mudh Hkwfedk vfèkxzg.k fe'ku ds fy, u fd;ktk,A

efyu cfLr;ksa ds ckjs esa jk"Vªh; uewuklosZ{k.k (,u,l,l) ls miyCèk vkadM+s mudhfof'k"Vrkvksa ds vkèkkj ij mUgsa oxhZd`r djusesa enn djrs gSaA okLro esa ,u,l,l dsvkxkeh losZ{k.k esa efyu cfLr;ksa dh dqNfof'k"Vrkvksa dks Hkh rdZlaxr rjhds ls 'kkfeydjuk laHko gksuk pkfg,] rkfd mudh igpkuvfèkd lkjxfHkZr gks ldsA bu vkadM+ksa dsvkèkkj ij ;g rdZ fd;k tk ldrk gS fdegkjk"Vª tSls dqN jkT;ksa esa vkSlru 70 izfr'krefyu cfLr;ka LFkk;h rkSj ij clh gqbZ gSaAegkjk"Vª ds fy, jktho vkokl ;kstuk dsvarxZr rdZlaxr :i ls LFkk;h efyu cfLr;ksadh fuèkkZfjr la[;k ls de dh ?kks"k.kk udjuk ckè;dkjh gksxkA dqN 'kgjksa eas ;gvkadM+k 65 izfr'kr Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj


gh LFkku ij jgus ds ckotwn ;s nLrkostgkfly djus esa vliQy jgs gSaA

lkslkbVh iQkWj n izkseks'ku vkWiQ ,fj;kfjlkslZ lsaVj (LikdZ) us 1990 ds mÙkjk¼Zesa egkjk"Vª dh jkT; ljdkj vkSj eqacbZuxj fuxe ds lg;ksx ls bl fn'kk esacgqr gh vPNk dke fd;k FkkA mUgksausla;qDr :i ls 16&17 i`"Bksa dk ,d ,slknLrkost rS;kj fd;k Fkk] ftlesa fdlh irsij gkfly fd;k x;k i=k] dqN HkwfegLrkarj.k ds dkxtkr] fdlh irs ls lacafèkresfMdy fcy tSlh fopkj ;ksX; oLrq,a'kkfey FkhaA buesa ls fdlh ds Hkh vuqifLFkfrds ckotwn] 20 ifjokjksa us ,d lkewfgdcSBd esa igpkuk fd og O;fDr fn, gq,LFkku ij [kkl vofèk rd jgk] ftls fdLohdk;Z lcwr ds rkSj ij ekuk x;kA ;glc ,d losZ{k.k ds tfj, fd;k x;k]ftlesa fuxe vkSj jkT; ds vfèkdkjh]ukxfjd laxBuksa vkSj leqnk;ksa us HkkxhnkjhdhA pkjksa laLFkkvksa ds izfrfufèk;ksa us la;qDr:i ls gLrk{kj fd, vkSj ik=k ifjokjksa dsuke ij tehu dk dCtk fn;k x;kA

bl rjg ds losZ{k.k ds ifjpkyu dsfy,] 'kgj eas >qXxhoklh ds vkxeu dh,d dV&vkWiQ frfFk dk fuèkkZj.k djukgksxk] gkykafd ;g lc ,d ckj esa gh r;gksuk vko';d ugha gSA bl rjg ds losZ{k.kvkSipkfjd] ysfdu Hkkxhnkjhiw.kZ gksus pkfg,]ftue s a d kxt kr vk S j i z fØ; k dhvko';drkvksa ds lacaèk esa dqN yphykiugksuk vko';d gSA

lcls t:jh gS fd bl rjg ds losZ{k.kdks jkT;ksa vkSj LFkkuh; ljdkj ds lacafèkrfoHkkx dh Hkkxhnkjh ls dqN dkuwuh vkèkkjgkfly gksukA LFkkuh; leqnk; dh HkkxhnkjhHkh mruh gh vko';d gSA nqHkkZX;o'k tsuqje;k jktho vkokl ;kstuk ds varxZr efyucfLr;ksa ds fy, fd, x, losZ{k.kksa esaHkkjh jkf'k [kpZ dh xbZ gSA losZ{k.kksa dsfy, iz'ukoyh rS;kj djus ds fy, cSBdsadh xbZa vkSj nLrkostksa dh lwph dk fuèkkZj.kfd;k x;k] ftUgsa Lohdk;Z ekuk tk,AnqHkkZX;o'k] fofHkUu 'kgjksa esa jktuhfrdvkSj iz'kklfud dkj.kks a ls izfØ;k ;knLrkostksa dh lwph r; fd, fcuk ghlosZ{k.k djk, x,A

edku [kjhnus dk lkeF;Z

fe'ku ds fy, cSadksa dh foÙk lacaèkhLohd`fr ds fy, ik=krk ekunaM viukus dkifjis{; ,d egRoiw.kZ fpark dk fo'k; gSAnhid ikjs[k lfefr (lLrs vkokl ds fy,lfefr] vkokl ,oa 'kgjh xjhch mUewyuea=kky;] 2004) us cM+s gh [kqys rjhds lslLrs ?kjksa dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA lfefr usr; fd;k fd izR;sd ifjokj blds fy,ekfld fd'r vnk djsxk vkSj ekStwnk dherds fglkc ls Í.k dh vnk;xh ds fy,yxHkx 3000 #i;s ds fglkc ls fd'r vnkdh tk,xhA vxj ge vkSj vfèkd xjhch dhjs[kk esa thus okyksa dks ns[ksa rks ;g 32 #i;sizfrfnu gksxk] ftls miHkksDrk ewY;&lwpdkadds fglkc ls lkef;d cuk;k tk,xkA vxjge fnYyh ds fy, 'kgj fof'k"VewY;&lwpdkad mi;ksx esa ykrs gSa rks mldsvkèkkj ij xjhch dh js[kk esa jgus okysvkSlr vkdkj ds ifjokjksa dh ekfld vk;yxHkx 6]500 #i;s gksus dk vuqeku fd;kx;kA NksVs dLcksa ds fy, ;g vkadM+k yxHkx5800 #i;s ls 6000 #i;s ds vkl&ikl gSA;g dksbZ vPNh vk; ugha gS] ysfdu vktHkh 'kgjh vkcknh dk 20 izfr'kr blh nckoiw.kZgkykrksa ds chp thus ds fy, etcwj gSA ;s,sls ifjokj gSa] ftUgas rqjar fe'ku }kjk è;kufn, tkus dh t:jr gS u fd ,sls ifjokj tks3000 #i;s izfrekg dh Í.k vnk;xh dhlkeF;Z j[krs gSaA

,d fiNyh x.kuk ds vuqlkj] ;g Li"VgS fd lgh ek;us esa xjhc ifjokj bl ekfldfd'r dks vnk djus esa l{ke ugha gSaA 'kgjhtula[;k ds lcls fupys Lrj ds 30 izfr'kryksxksa ij [kir&O;; ds vkèkkj ij rS;kjfd, x, ,u,l,l ds 2009&10 ds vkadM+ksads vkèkkj ij dksbZ Hkh ;g cgl dj ldrkgS fd ;s 30 izfr'kr yksx eghus esa 850 #i;sls T;knk dh fd'r vnk ugha dj ldrs gSa]tks fd muds dqy xSj&[kk| O;; ds fcYdqycjkcj gSA

ekStwnk dherksa ds vuqlkj la'kksfèkr ekfldfd'r dh jkf'k 1000 #i;s gksxhA ;g Li"V gSfd 2800 #i;s ls 3000 #i;s dh ekfldfd'r lcls T;knk t:jrean dks bl ykHk lsoafpr djus ds leku gksxkA blesa dksbZ 'kdugha fd cM+s 'kgjksa esa 1000 #i;s dh ekfld

fd'r eas mfpr vkoklh; bdkbZ ugha miyCèkdjkbZ tk ldrh gS] ;gka rd fd og Hkwfeljdkjh foHkkx ls gh D;kas u yh xbZ gksA vxjcSad fofu;kstu fe'ku dh ,d egRoiw.kZ fparkgS rks jktho vkokl ;kstuk ds varxZr rS;kj>qXxh bdkbZ;ksa ds fufeZr {ks=k dk vkdkj dedjds 120 iQhV fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;kstukds fy, Lohdr U;wure 180 oxZ iQhV dkLFkku eqgS;k djkus esa vfrfjDr C;kt vkSjudn fj;k;r (lCflMh) nsuh iM+sxhA

tsuqje 'kgjksa esa viotZukRed 'kgjhdj.k

iSalB ,sls cM+s 'kgjksa dks è;ku esa j[krsgq, tgka tsuqje ykxw fd;k x;k] dksbZ Hkh;g tku ldrk gS fd (v) ogka tula[;kdh o`f¼ nj esa deh vkbZ gS vkSj lclsvge ckr (c) 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa Lye vkcknheas ukVdh; :i ls deh vkbZ gSA bl ckrdk vuqeku dksbZ Hkh tux.kuk 2011 vkSjjk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k (,u,l,l) 69 osankSj ds vkadM+ksa ls yxk ldrk gSA okLro esaLye vkcknh ds izfr'kr esa deh ds rF;dks 'kgjksa dh LoPNrk esa gqbZ o`f¼ dhjks'kuh esa ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A ftlesa buefyu cfLr;ksa dh csn[kyh vkSj bUgsa 'kgjdh ifjfèk esa èkdsyuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA gkykafdcqjh gkyr esa fLFkr efyu cfLr;ka] ftuesaewyHkwr lqfoèkkvksa dk vHkko gS] mUgsa fxjkusdh ckr le> esa vkrh gSA blls efyucfLr;ksa esa jgus okyksa dh vkSlr xq.koRrkesa lqèkkj vk,xkA bldh otg ls ewyHkwrlqfoèkkvksa dk mi;ksx djus okyksa ds izfr'kresa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA lkFk gh efyu cfLr;ksa dsLFkkukarj.k vkSj buds ifjfèkdj.k ls ukxfjdlqfoèkkvksa dk vfèkd ls vfèkd mi;ksxlaHko gks ldk gSA

lHkh tulkaf[;dh; ladsrdksa esa tsuqjevius lHkh 65 fe'ku 'kgjksa esa viotZukRedlkfcr gqbZ gSA ;gka Hkh tula[;k dh o`f¼vkSj xjhch dh nj esa Hkh i;kZIr fxjkoV vkbZgSA vfèkdka'k tsuqje 'kgjksa ds tulkaf[;dh;fodkl esa rsth dks iztuu ;k e`R;q nj esafxjkoV dh izo`fÙk dk dkj.k ugha ekuk tkldrk gSA bls bu 'kgjksa esa izokfl;ksa dsvo'kks"k.k dh nj esa deh ds vkèkkj ijLi"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkxs ,u,l,l dsfo'oluh; lcwrksa ds vkèkkj ij dg ldrs


vius&vius uxjksa ds uhfrxr ç'kklu dsfy, ftEesnkj cuk;k x;k gS vkSj mUgsa çpqjlalkèkuksa ds lkFk&lkFk jktuhfrd 'kfDr;kaHkh nh x;h gSaA tc 'kgjh fudk; 'kfDr vkSjlalkèku&foghu gks tkrs gSa] rc muij çHkkohfudk; tSls 'kgjh fodkl çkfèkdj.k vkfn'kgj ij dkfct gks tkrs gSa vkSj tehu vkSjvkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dks çksRlkgu feyus yxrkgSA nwljh vksj] ewyHkwr {ks=k tSls ikuh] LoPNrk]f'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj vkokl vkfn misf{krgksus yxrs gSaA tSlk fd 'kgjh fodkl jkT;dk fo"k; gS] jkT; ljdkjksa dks 'kgjksa dhHkwfedk ij xaHkhjrk ls lkspuk gksxk vkSj

LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dks l'kDr djrs gq, 'kgjhlqèkkj ykxw djus gksaxs&ç'kklfud vkSj foÙkh;nksuksa gh rjg lsA gesa 'kgjksa dh dYiuk bl:i esa djuh gksxh fd os ekuo fodkl dsbatu cusa] u fd dqN yksxksa ds fy, iwathmxkgus dk lkèku cu dj jg tk;saA �

lanHk Z� vk'kh"k cksl (1980)% bafM;kt vjcukbts'ku1901&2001] f}rh; iqujhf{kr laLdj.k] VkVk eSxzkWfgy ifCyf'kax daiuh fyfeVsM] U;h fnYyh� vkjch Hkxr ,asM ,l eksgarh (2009)% beft±xiSVuZ vkWiQ vjcukbts'ku ,saM n daVªhC;w'ku vkWiQekbxzs'ku bu vcZu xzksFk vkWiQ bafM;k& ,f'k;u ikWiqys'kuLVMht*] okWY;we 5 uacj&1]2009] ihi&5&20� ;kstuk vk;ksx] (2008)% X;kjgoha iapo"khZ;;kstuk (2007&12)] vad 3% ,xzhdYpj] :jy

gSa fd nl yk[k ls vfèkd tsuqje 'kgjksa esaxjhc dk izfr'kr dkiQh uhps vk x;k gSA

lapkyu ds fy, ,d ifjizs{;

;kstuk cukus okyksa vkSj iz'kkldksa ds eè;;g ekU;rk c<+h gS fd cM+s 'kgjksa ds eqdkcysNksVs vkSj ea>ksys 'kgjksa esa vfèkd xaHkhj <kapkxrdfe;ka gSa vkSj ;gka T;knk cM+h vkcknh ewyHkwrlqfoèkkvksa ls oafpr gSA bls ns[krs gq, uhfrfuekZrkvksa dks etcwj fd;k tkuk pkfg, fdog bu dLcksa esa fctyh] ikuh vkSj LoPNrktSlh lqfoèkkvksa dh deh ij T;knk è;ku nsaAorZeku esa tsuqje vkSj jktho vkokl ;kstukds varxZr cM+s 'kgjksa ij fo'ks"k tksj nsus dhfLFkfr esa cnyko gksuk pkfg,A NksVs vkSj ea>ksys'kgjksa dks ewyHkwr lqfoèkk,a eqgS;k djkus dsfy, tsuqje dh rjg dk gh fe'ku 'kq: fd,tkus dh vko';drk gSA 2011 dh tux.kukesa ,sls 2800 u, uxjksa dh igpku dh xbZ gS]ftuesa ls vusd us xSj&df"k xfrfofèk;ksa esaof¼ vkSj vFkZ&O;oLFkk esa fofoèkhdj.k dhlaHkkouk,a n'kkZ;h gSaA tc rd fd bu uxjksadks fo'ks"k vkèkkjHkwr lgk;rk ugha eqgS;k djokbZtkrh os Hkfo"; eas mHkjrs gq, of¼ dsanzksa dslkFk izfrLièkkZ djus eas l{ke ugha gksaxs vkSj;gka rd fd buesa ls dbZ 'kgjh ifjn'; lsxk;c Hkh gks ldrs gSaA cM+h la[;k esa NksVs vkSje>ksys 'kgjksa dks vkèkkjHkwr lgk;rk eqgS;kdjkuk] ns'k ds larqfyr LFkkfud fodkl dkslqfuf'pr djus dh j.kuhfr dk ,d eq[;?kVd gSA

jktho vkokl ;kstuk dh voèkkj.kk vkSjlapkyu ,d vyx fn'kk esa vxzlj gS] blesajk"Vªh; vkSj 'kgjh Lrj ij ;kstukdkjksa dseè; xaHkhj laoknghurk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA Hkwfeij vfèkdkj j[kus okyh LFkkuh; ,tsafl;ka;FkkLFkku mUu;u dks yxHkx iwjh rjg lsudkjrh gSaA LkHkh Hkwfe dk LokfeRo j[kusokys fudk;ksa us efyu cLrh ds varxZr vkusokyh tehu dks fdlh ,d ;k vU; dkj.kls vLFkkbZ ?kksf"kr fd;k gqvk gSA nwljh vksj>qXxhoklh dbZ dkj.kksa ls 'kgj ls ckgjLFkkukarfjr gksuk ugha pkgrsA bu tehuhgdhdrksa dks ns[krs gq, efyu cLrh jfgrHkkjr dk liuk gkfly djuk vlaHko lk cux;k gSA ;g Hkh tkuh gqbZ ckr gS fd ;fn 60ls 70 izfr'kr Hkwfe dks LFkkbZ ?kksf"kr fd;ktk lds] rks ekStwnk efyu cfLr;ksa esa jgusokyh dqy vkcknh dk nks ls rhu xquk yksx2&3 ekys ds Hkou fuekZ.k vkSj cfLr;ksa dscsgrj fMtkbu ds tfj, lek;ksftr fd, tkldrs gSaA

bl fe'ku dks ,d Hkkxhnkjh <akps dsvarxZr dk;Z djuk pkfg,A vkoklksa dk fuekZ.k>qXxhokfl;ksa ds tkx:d lg;ksx ls mudhvko';drk vkSj lkeF;Z ds vuqlkj fd;ktkuk pkfg,] ftls ljdkjh lgk;rk iznkudh xbZ gksA gkykafd futh fcYMjksa dh Hkwfedkls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA fo'ks"kdjcM+s 'kgjksa esa tgka tehu dh dkiQh deh gSysfdu mUgsa bl ckr dh btktr ugha feyuhpkfg, fd og xjhcksa ds uke ij cgqeaftys

Hkouksa dk fuekZ.k djsa vkSj mUgsa cktkj esacspus ds fy, izLrqr gksaA bl ;kstuk ds nkscqfu;knh ?kVd gSa% ,d vkokl vkSj nwljk<kapkxr vkSj ewyHkwr lqfoèkk,aA nqHkkZX;o'ktsuqje ds varxZr nksuksa ds eè; larqyu dk;eugha fd;k x;k vkSj xjhc oxZ ds fy,ewyHkwr lqfoèkkvksa (ch,l;wih) dk LFkkucgqeaftyk Hkouksa ds fuekZ.k dh ;kstuk us ysfy;kA ;g le>us okyh ckr gS fd ;s vkoklxjhc rcds ds yksxksa dh lkeF;Z ls ckgj gSavkSj T;knk egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd lhferlalkèkuksa dh otg ls bl rjg dh ;kstukvksads varxZr iwjs 'kgj dks doj ugha fd;k tkldrk gSA

vxj ge ;g fo'okl djsa fd >qXxhokfl;kasdks vkokl eqgS;k djkus ds fy, xaHkhj iz;klfd;k x;k gS] rks fe'ku ds fy, fu'kqYdHkwfe Hkh miyCèk djokbZ tkuh pkfg,A fufeZr{ks=k O;ogkfjd rkSj ij 180 ls 200 iQhV dseè; gksuk pkfg,] rkfd ifjokjksa ds fy,Í.k dh vnk;xh laHko gks ldsA �

lanHkZ� nhid ikjh[k VkLdiQkslZ (2008)% fjiksVZ vkWiQgkbZ ysfoy VkLd iQkslZZ% viQksMsZcy gkmflax iQkWjvkWy] gkmflax ,aM vcZu ikWoVhZ ,yhos'ku fefuLVªh]Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyhA� dqaMq] vferkHk] (2012% n pSysat vkWiQ esfdaxbafM;u flVht+ Lye Úh] bafM;k ,V ,y,lbZ] nyanu Ldwy vkWiQ bdkWukfeDl ,aM ikWfyfVdy lkbal]yanu] vDVwcjA� vkokl ,oa 'kgjh xjhch mUewyu ea=kky;]Hkkjr ljdkj% jktho vkokl ;kstuk] xkbMykbUliQkWj Lye&Úh flVh IykfuaxA

(i`"B 10 dk 'ks"kka'k) MsoyiesaV] baMLVªh] lfoZlst ,saM fiQftdy buÚkLVªDpj]vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh çsl] u;h fnYyh% 394&422� ;kstuk vk;ksx] Hkkjr ljdkj (2013)% ckjgohaiapo"khZ; ;kstuk (2012&17)] okWY;we&2% bdksukWfedlsDVlZ] lst ifCyds'ku bafM;k çkbosV fyfeVsM] u;hfnYyh% 318&361� ;kstuk vk;ksx] Hkkjr ljdkj (2010)% lanHkZlkexzh 2010] fofHkUu fMohtuksa dh dk;Zç.kkyh dsuksV~l] ;kstuk vk;ksx] Hkkjr ljdkj] u;h fnYyh� ,pihbZlh (gkbZ ikoj ,DliVZ dfeVh)(2011)% fjiksVZ vkWu bafM;u vcZu buÚkLVªDpj ,saMlfoZlst] 'kgjh fodkl ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj� vkj jkepaæu (1989)% vcZukbts'ku ,saM vcZuflLVEl bu bafM;k] vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh çsl] fnYyh� vUuiw.kkZ 'kkW (1996)% ^vcZu ikWfylh buiksLV bafMisaMsaV bafM;k% ,su vçsty* bdkWuksfedy ,saMikWfyfVdy ohdyh] tuojh 27] ihih- 224&228


Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa xzkeh.k lekos'k

ujsUnz if.k

foe'kZ

chp dh lhek ds dbZ LFkkuksa dks rc Hkhcuk;k tkrk gS tc Hkkjrh; 'kgj vius fodklds :i esa xkaoksa dks lekfgr djrs gq, viuk{kSfrt foLrkj djrs gSaA xkao ds eq[; {ks=k'kgjh dsaæksa esa lekfgr gksus ds ckn n'kdksard xzkeh.k Hkkouk dks cuk, j[k ldrs gSaAxzkeh.k fiQj Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa xgjkbZ lsvarfuZfgr gksrs gSa_ bruk T;knk fd os [kqn esaxzkeh.k Hkwfedk ij dqN Li"Vrk ds fcukHkkjrh; 'kgjksa dks le>us dk nkok ugha djldrs gSaA

Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa xzkeh.k ds çHkko esa rcnks fcYdqy vyx lhekvksa ds le>kSrs 'kkfeygksrs gSaA igyk] 'kgj esa lekfgr gks pqds xkaovkSj blds vklikl vkSj ;gka rd fd bldsvanj Hkh 'kgjh fodkl ds chp ,d LFkk;hlhek_ vkSj nwljk] 'kgj vkSj mlls dqN nwjhij xkao ds chp lhek] ,slh lhek tks O;fDr;ksaesa varfuZfgr gks tks 'kgj vkSj muds lkFkyk;s mRiknksa esa Hkh gksA ;gka rd fd bule>kSrksa ds ,d laf{kIr vUos"k.k] tSlkfdbl 'kksèki=k esa fd;k x;k gS] ls Hkh Li"Vgksrk gS fd 'kgjh fLFkfr;kas dks xzkeh.k {ks=kksadh ?kVukvksa ls çHkkfor fd;k tk ldrk gSA,d çHkkoh 'kgjh uhfr rc xzkeh.k dksutjvankt ugha dj ldrh gSA laf{kIrrk dh[kkfrj ;g 'kksèki=k ,dek=k Hkkjrh; 'kgj]caxyq# ds vuqHko ij è;ku nsxkA

'kgjksa ds Hkhrj xkao

xkaoksa dks lekfgr djus dh xfr'khyrklHkh Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa leku gksus dh mEehndjuk T;knrh gksxhA ftu xkaoksa dks vis{kkÑr

Hkk jr esa uhfr foe'kZ vke rkSjij 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa dschp ,d Li"V lhek js[kk ds

vkèkkj ij gksrk jgk gSA 1970 ds n'kd esaHkkjrh; uhfr fuekZrkvksa ij 'kgjh iwokZxzg lsxzLr gksus dk vkjksi yxk (fyIVu] 1977)]tSlk fd gky ds fnuksa esa mu ij xzkeh.kiwokZxzg ls xzLr gksus dk vkjksi yxk gS(f'kojkeÑ".ku] 2011) ysfdu vxj geoS'ohdj.k ls çsfjr lhekvksa dks ysdj gksusokyh ppkZvksa ij è;ku nsa rks ;g ns[kukeqf'dy ugha gS fd bl rjg ds dBksjlhekadu dks iwjh rjg ls mfpr ugha Bgjk;ktk ldrk gSA lkfLd;k llsu dk fopkj gSfd bu lhekvksa dks eksVs rkSj ij nks :iksa esans[kk tk jgk gSA ^^,d ;g gS fd] lhekmRikn] O;fDr] vkSj lkèku esa varfuZfgr gS%,d eksckby ,tsaV lhek dh egRoiw.kZfo'ks"krkvksa dks lekfgr djrk gSA nwljk ;ggS fd lhek ds fy, dbZ LFkku gSa] pkgs osiQeZ ds vanj gks ;k yacs le; rd varjjk"Vªh;Mksesu esa gksa** (llsu] 2006 i`- 416)A ;snksuksa izdkj dh lhek,a 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k dschp ekStwn gSa vkSj Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa budsrsth ls c<+us ds lk{; miyCèk gSaA

vius xkaoksa ds lkFk etcwr lacaèk j[kusokys] 'kgjh dsaæksa esa jkstxkj dh ryk'k djjgs yksx] ;gka rd fd tc os 'kgjh yksdkpkjesa jgrs gSa] rc Hkh os xzkeh.k ds etcwr rRoksadk ikyu dj jgs gksrs gSaA bl çfØ;k esa osvDlj vius lkFk xzkeh.k dh lhekvksa dksHkh ys tkrs gSaS] vkSj vDlj os bls 'kgj esaxgjkbZ rd ys tkrs gSaA xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh ds

caxyq# esa vkSj ;dhuu T;knkrj

Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa xkao dk izHkko

cgqvk;keh gSA ,sls çHkko 'kgj

dh HkkSxksfyd lhekvksa ds Hkhrj

vkSj lkFk gh lkFk mlls dqN nwjh

ij fLFkr xkaoksa ds LFkkuksa esa mHkj

ldrs gSaA xkaoksa dks lekfgr djus

dh xfr'khyrk lHkh Hkkjrh;

'kgjksa esa leku gksus dh mEehn

djuk T;knrh gksxhA ,sls esa

Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa dks izHkkfor djus

okys lHkh eqíksa vkSj ;gka rd fd

nwjnjkt ds xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa iSnk

gksus okys eqíksa dk lekèkku djus

ds fy, ,d çHkkoh 'kgjh uhfr

rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg,

ujsUnz if.k jk"Vªh; mPp vè;;u laLFkku] caxyq# esa izksiQslj gSaA ns'k&fons'k esa muds dbZ 'kS{kf.kd vkys[k izdkf'kr gks pqds gSa vkSj le&lkef;d uhfr fuekZ.k dksle>us ds fy, xkaèkhoknh fl¼karksa dks izHkkoh ekè;e esa dkiQh ;ksxnku fn;k gSA bZesy% [email protected]


fdjk, ij vkokl ysus okys 87-5

pknj ;k vU; ?kfV;k lkexzh dh Nrksa okys 64-8dk;Z LFky ds nks fdyksehVj ds Hkhrj jgus okys 78-2çfr dejk (jlksbZ lfgr) nks ;k vfèkd O;fDr okyss 81-5

izfr dejk (jlksbZ lfgr) rhu ;k vfèkd O;fDr okys 31-4?kjksa esa fcuk 'kkSpky; okys 76-1?kjksa esa fcuk ty lzksr okys 73-0

lzksr % ifjèkku Jfedksa dk ,uvkbZ,,l losZ{k.k] 2009

(vkadM+s izfr'kr esa)

de fofuekZ.k bdkb;ksa dks cukus ds fy,lekfgr fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj muesa ls ftUgsa,d cgqr vyx rjg ds ,d lwpuk çkS|ksfxdhikdZ cukus ds fy, lekfgr fd;k tk jgk gS]muesa xkaoksa ds lkFk&lkFk 'kgjksa ds Hkhrj HkhdbZ izdkj ds erHksn gks ldrs gSa ysfduvarnZf"V gkfly djus ds fy, bl rjg dh,d çfØ;k ds ,d mnkgj.k dks djhc lsns[kuk mi;ksxh gksxk ftudk vU; fLFkfr;ksavkSj 'kgjksa esa vuqHko ls ijh{k.k fd;k tkldrk gSA vius ifjèkku fu;kZr m|ksx dsfodkl ds lanHkZ esa caxyq# ds xkaoksa dkslekfgr djuk] bl izdkj dh xfr'khyrk dk,d mnkgj.k is'k djrk gSA caxyq# esa eq[;:i ls efgyk ifjèkku Jfedksa dh eq[;fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd muds dke dh ifjfLFkfr;ksavkSj muds jgus dh fLFkfr ds chp cgqrcM+k iQdZ gSA caxyq# ds ifjèkku fu;kZr m|ksxesa efgyk Jfedksa ds ?kjksa dh fLFkfr] mudsdkj[kkus ds Hkhrj dh fLFkfr ds lkFk&lkFkcaxyq# dh oSf'od Nfo dks ,d foijhrLo:i çnku djrh gSA us'kuy baLVhP;wV vkWiQ,MokaLM LVMht] caxyq#] (,uvkbZ,,l) ds}kjk 2009 esa fd;k x;k ,d losZ{k.k buefgykvksa dh fLFkfr;ksa dk voyksdu çnkudjrk gSA

rkfydk 1 ls efgyk Jfedksa vkSj muds?kjksa dh dgkuh dk irk pyrk gSA vk;vftZr dj jgh efgyk Jfedksa dks xjhchjs[kk ls Åij j[kk x;k Fkk] ysfdu muesa lHkhefgyk,a rks 'kkfey ugha FkhaA dkiQh la[;k esaefgyk Jfedksa ds ifjokjksa ds ikl viuk[kqn dk ?kj ugha Fkk vkSj mUgsa fdjk, ds ?kjdk Hkqxrku djuk iM+rk FkkA m|ksx esa mPpla?k"kZ nj ds dkj.k Jfedksa dk dkj[kkuksa esaLFkkukarj.k dkiQh gn rd fu"i{k :i lsgqvkA caxyq# esa lkoZtfud ifjogu ds egaxkgksus ds dkj.k Hkh vfèkdrj Jfedksa dksiSny gh dke ij tkuk iM+kA blds dkj.k ostc Hkh ukSdjh cnyrs Fks mUgsa vDlj viuk?kj cnyuk iM+rk Fkk rkfd mudk ?kj mudsdk;ZLFky ls iSny tkus dh nwjh ij gksAvfèkdrj Jfedksa }kjk fdjk, ij fy;s x;s?kjksa esa lLrs pknj dh Nrsa FkhaA bu lLrsvkokl esa vDlj] muds Hkhrj ikuh ds uyugha gksrs Fks] vkSj nwljs ?kjksa ds lkFk ,d'kkSpky; dks lk>k djuk iM+rk FkkA ;s [kjkcpknj dh Nr okys ?kj rax Hkh Fks vkSj buesa

ls ,d pkSFkkbZ&ikaposa ?kjksa esa gj dejs esavkSlru nks ls vfèkd yksx jg jgs Fks] vkSj31 izfr'kr ?kjksa esa ,d dejs esa rhu lsvfèkd yksx jg jgs FksA

caxyq# esa xkaoksa ds vDlj vjktd rjhdsls lek;kstu ds ifj.kkeLo:i gh 'kgj dsvpy laifÙk ewY;ksa esa rsth ls gks jgh o`f¼ds chp bl rjg ds vis{kkÑr de ykxrds ?kjksa dh miyCèkrk laHko gks ik;hA tSlkfd 1970 ds n'kd vkSj 1980 ds n'kd esaHkwfe vfèkxzg.k ds ,d vkfèkdkfjd ewY;kaduesa mYys[k fd;k x;k Fkk] bl çfØ;k esa dels de nks dkuwuksa ds ekè;e ls ,d çsj.kkçkIr dh x;h&dukZVd vkS|ksfxd {ks=k fodklvfèkfu;e] 1966 vkSj caxyq# fodklçkfèkdj.k vfèkfu;e] 1976&ftlus vfèkxzfgrHkwfe dk bLrseky dj laLFkku cuk, (johaæ,oa vU;] 1989)A dukZVd vkS|ksfxd {ks=kfodkl cksMZ ds fuekZ.k us vklkuh ls Ñf"kHkwfe ysdj bls futh m|ksxksa dks ns fn;kAcaxyq# fodkl çkfèkdj.k us vkoklh; ysvkmVcukus ds fy, Hkwfe dk vfèkxzg.k fd;kysfdu bls vfèkd dher ds fy, csp fn;kx;k tcfd bls igys mnkgj.k ds fy,gkfly fd;k x;k Fkk] vkSj fiQj ;gka rdfd nwljh ckj Hkh ysunsu esa mPp ewY;ksa ijcspk x;kA Ñf"k Hkwfe ds vfèkxzg.k us rqjarxkao ds vkfFkZd pfj=k dks cny fn;k ftlscaxyq# esa lekfgr dj fn;k x;k FkkA ,d gh>Vds esa Ñf"k dk;ks± esa #dkoV vk x;hA

bu xkaoksa esa gj fdlh us ,d gh tSlhpqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk ugha fd;k Fkk] bldhLi"V :i ls igpku djuk egRoiw.kZ gSA Hkwfeghuksadh fLFkfr;ka Hkwfeokyksa ls Li"V :i ls vyxFkhaA is'ks esa cnyko ds fy, dkiQh la[;k esaHkwfeghuksa us df"k Jfed ls 'kgjh dk;Z dhvksj #[k dj fy;kA vkSj mUgsa tehu ekfydksa

dks is'kd'k fd; x;seqvkots dk ykHk ughafeykA t Sl k fdxksYMeSu us rdZ fn;kg S ] ^^cM+h 'kgjhifj;kstukvksa ds fy,Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k lsmRiUu gksus okyh{kfriwfrZ ds fliQZ iwoZ;ksX; ds lkFk] tehankjksavkSj xSj ekfydksa ds

nks lkekU; oxks± ds xzkeh.k thou dks dedjuk] vkxs lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd tfVyrkvkSj xzkeh.k dh vkthfodk j.kuhfr;ksa dksdetksj djuk gS (xksYMeSu] 2011 i- 568)A

caxyq# ds vklikl ds xkaoksa esa fdlkuÑf"k dh çÑfr dks ns[krs gq, Hkwfeghuksa dsvke rkSj ij cM+s lewg ugha Fks (ikf.k]1983)A {ks=k ds fdlku Ñf"k dks] dqNçeq[k fdlkuksa ds lkFk NksVs tehu ekfydksadh ,d cM+h la[;k ds }kjk fpf=kr fd;kx;k FkkA tc xkaoksa ds vfèkdrj ?kjksa dks'kgj esa lekfgr ugha fd;k x;k rks Hkhfdlkuksa dks çHkqRo dh gn esa eqvkotk fn;stkus okys tehu ekfydksa dh la[;k dkiQhvfèkd FkhA bl çdkj caxyq# esa lekfgrvfèkdrj xkaoksa ds fy, pqukSrh vpkud mudhÑf"k Hkwfe [kksus vkSj xSj Ñf"k O;olk;ksa dks[kkstus dh FkhA

T;knkrj ekeyksa esa] ,d ckj Ñf"k Hkwfeds LokfeRo okys yksxksa dks fdlh okgu dkMªkboj cuus ls ysdj vius ikjaifjd Ms;jhdk;ksaZ dk foLrkj djus tSls muds vkliklmHkjrs 'kgjh vFkZO;oLFkk ds lkFk laxr djjgh xfrfofèk;ksa esa vius lhfer eqvkots dksfuos'k djus dh dksf'k'k djus ds fy, NksM+fn;k x;kA lalkèku ds lhfer jgus ij] xkaods lkFk NksM+ nh x;h xSj Ñf"k Hkwfe HkhegRoiw.kZ cu x;hA bl Hkwfe ij xkaoksa dsfy, fuèkkZfjr fu;e gh ykxw gSa vkSj mudsvklikl ds 'kgj ds fy, fuèkkZfjr fu;eykxw ugha gSaA blds fu;e xjhcks a dhvko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, lLrsvkSj vfèkd HkhM+HkkM+ okys vkokl ds fuekZ.kds fy, bl xSj Ñf"k Hkwfe ds ekfydksa dhvuqefr nsrs gaSA vkSj ;g çfØ;k ges'kk ughajghA tSlk fd y{eh Jhfuokl us 1991 esamYys[k fd;k Fkk] caxyq# 'kgj esa yxHkx

rkfydk 1% caxyq# ds ifjèkku fu;kZr m|ksx esa efgykJfedksa ds ifjokjksa dk çksiQkby


rkfydk 2% fofHkUu dkjdksa ds }kjkcaxyq# ds ifjèkku fu;kZr m|ksx esa

efgyk Jfedksa ds cPpksa ds fuokl esaiQsjcny dk fo'ys"k.k

dkjd ,iQ vuqikr 5»ls de

egRoiw.kZekrk dh f'k{kk 0-78605 ughaekrk dh vk; 2-77847 ughaNr dk çdkj 0-75084 ughaty 0-94756 ughacPps dh mez 9-90545 gkaekrk dh mez 5-44606 gkaekrk ds caxyq#esa chrs lky 23-84444 gkadk;ZLFky ls nwjh 4-14329 gka'kkSpky; 8-66739 gkaèkeZ 8-50309 gkatkfr lewg 5-01136 gkekr`Hkk"kk 6-72962 gka

lzksr% ,uvkbZ,,l losZ{k.k] 2009

vkèkh Hkwfe fuxe ds dj fjdkWMZ ds fy,ftEesnkj ugha gSa** (Jhfuokl] 1991] i`-2484)A

'kgjh caxyq# dk ,d fgLlk cuus dsfy, xkaoksa ds LFkkukarj.k dh vDlj tfVyçfØ;k esa] xzkeh.k çHkko dks Hkwyuk eqf'dygS] tks fd bl cnyko ds ckn Hkh cuk gqvkgSA ;g xkao esa iqjkus Hkwfeokyksa dk lewg gSftuds ikl Hkwfe gS vkSj futh ysvkmV lsykHk ysus ds fy, çHkkoA bu lewgksa dksxjhcksa ds fy, de xq.koÙkk ds vkokl dsfuekZ.k esa iQk;nk Hkh gSA tc mUgsa bldhvuqefr ugha nh tkrh gS rks os vuqefr dsfy, ;k vfèkdkfj;ksa dh t:jr ds fy,vU; rjhds viukrs gSa] bu lewgksa vkSj mHkjrsjktuhfrd oxZ ds chp djhch laacaèk dsvkèkkj ij ij Hkh mUgsa ;s lqfoèkk,a miyCèkdjk;h tkrh gSaA

'kgj ds ckgj xkao

,slk lVhd rjhdk ftlesa mRikn vkSjyksx vis{kkÑr nwj ds xkaoksa vkSj 'kgj dschp dh lhekvksa dks ikj dj tkrs gSa] dbZ:i esa gks ldrk gSA dHkh&dHkh efgykJfedksa ds ifjokj xkao esa ikfjokfjd Hkwfe esaifr ds fgLls ls yxkrkj [kk|kUu çkIr djrsjgrs gSaA efgyk Jfedksa ds }kjk igus tkusokys iks'kkd Hkh muds xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjhigpku ds chp lrr ikjLifjd izHkko dksçfrfcafcr dj ldrs gSa] ;gka rd fd mudsdqN 'kgjh iks'kkd & fo'ks"kdj jkr esa igustkus okys xkmu ftUgsa os 'kgj esa dHkh&dHkhfnu ds le; Hkh yacs le; ds fy, iguysrh gSa&mUgsa xzkeh.k ifjos'k esa ges'kk bLrsekyugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA O;fDRk ds }kjk xkaoij 'kgjh izHkko vkSj 'kgj ij xzkeh.k izHkkodk ifjek.k bl ikjLifjd izHkko dh gn ijfuHkZj djsxkA blds ihNs ;g rdZ fn;k x;kgS fd ;s 'kgjh ifjokj xkao ls 'kgj ds fy,iyk;u djus ds fy, ,d çkjafHkd vkèkkjdh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA bu ifjokjksaa esavDlj 'kgj esa iSj tekus dh dksf'k'k dj jgsxkao ds yksx 'kkfey gksrs gSaA lkewfgd ifjokj*'kCn oSls ifjokjksa dk mYys[k djus ds fy,bLrseky fd;k x;k gS ftlds yksx ,dyifjokj dk fgLlk ugha Fks (if.k] o vU;]2010) vkSj csaxyq# ds diM+k m|ksx esaefgyk Jfedksa ds yxHkx 40 çfr'kr ifjokj

bl vkn'kZ ij [kjk mrjs gSaA bu ^lkewfgdifjokjksa* esa fliQZ firk] ekrk] HkkbZ vkSj cgutSls ifr vkSj iRuh ds djhch ifjokj dslnL; gh 'kkfey ugha gksrs Fks cfYd vfèkdnwj ds fj'rsnkj vkSj dHkh&dHkh muds xkaOkds yksx Hkh 'kkfey FksA

gkykafd lkewfgd ifjokj xkao vkSj 'kgjds chp ds lacaèk dks bafxr djrk gS] ysfdubl lacaèk dks fj'rksa ds }kjk vfèkd etcwrcuk;k tk ldrk gS tks izokl ds fy, ckgjtkus ls ijs gSA xkao vkSj 'kgj ds chp esa ,dcgqr djhch O;fDrxr lacaèk oSls ekeyksa esa

chp ds fj'rs dh xgjkbZ vkSj rhozrk dk Nn~e:i esa bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA

xkaoksa esa okil vius cPpksa dks NksM+usokyh efgykvksa ds ekeykas dks le>us dsfy, oSls dkjd tks izHkkfor djus okys ughafn[krs gSa mudk [kqyklk mlh izdkj fd;k tkldrk gS ftl izdkj os izHkkfor djrs gSaA,d dkjd ds egRo dks tkuus ds fy,geus ml dkjd ds vkèkkj ij cPpksa ;kmudh ekrkvksa dks lewgc¼ fd;k vkSj fiQjml dkjd ds çHkko ds egRo dk vuqekuyxkus ds fy, iQsjcny ds fo'ys"k.k dkbLrseky fd;kA tSlk fd rkfydk 2 gesa oSlsdqN dkjdksa ds ckjs esa crkrh gS ftuls 'kgjesa Jfed dh vkfFkZd vkSj 'kSf{kd fLFkfrçHkkfor djus dh mEehn dh xbZ gS] vkSj ;sxkao esa cPps dks NksM+us ds fu.kZ; dk fuèkkZj.kdjus okys eq[; dkjd ugha gSaA ekrkvksa dhf'k{kk vkSj vk; ds Lrj xkao esa cPps dksNksM+us ds fy, fu.kZ; ds fy, lkaf[;dh :ils egRoiw.kZ fuèkkZjd ugha FksA

;g ns[kk x;k fd bl fu.kZ; ij vfèkdfu.kkZ;d izHkko cPpk vkSj ekrk nksuksa dh mezdk FkkA ikap lky ;k blls de mez ds 34çfr'kr cPps viuh ekrk ds lkFk ugha jgsFksA ;g vuqikr 11 ls 15 o"kZ ds mez lewgesa 14 izfr'kr rd fxj x;kA 40 izfr'krcPps tks 20 lky ;k mlls de mez ds Fks]viuh ekrkvksa ls nwj jgs FksA ;g vuqikr ;qokekrkvksa ds lkFk vkuqikfrd :i ls de gksrkx;k] vkSj 40 lky ls vfèkd mez dh fliQZ4 izfr'kr ekrkvksa dk gh irk pykA blizo`fr ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd caxyq# esa'kgjh thou dh vfuf'prrkvksa dk lkeukdj jgh ;qok ekrkvksa dks xkao esa ifjokj lsenn feyh FkhA

bu vkadM+ksa ls ;g Hkh irk pyk fd dels de dqN vfuf'prrkvksa dk irk xkao ls'kgjh okrkoj.k esa vkus dh dfBukb;ksa lsyxk;k tk ldrk gSA caxyq# esa mUgksaaus ftruslky fcrk;s] muds jgus dh vofèk dk xkaoesa cPps dks NksM+us ds fu.kZ; ij ,dlkaf[;dh; egRoiw.kZ çHkko iM+kA ,d lky;k mlls de le; rd caxyq# esa jg jghekrkvksa ds 50 izfr'kr cPPks viuh ekrkvksads lkFk ugha jgsA ;g çfr'kr 5 lky ls 10lky rd 'kgj esa jgus okyh ekrkvksa ds fy,dkiQh rsth ls 16 izfr'kr rd fxj x;kA

iznku fd;k tkrk gS tgka 'kgj esa dkedkthekrk,aaa vius cPps dks okil xkao esa NksM+ nsrhgSaA o"kZ 2009 ds ,uvkbZ,,l ds losZ{k.k lsirk pyrk gS fd caxyq# ds diM+k m|ksx esaefgyk Jfedksa ds ikaposa ls vfèkd&22-5izfr'kr cPps] tks 15 lky ;k mlls de mezds Fks] viuh ekrk ds lkFk ugha jg jgs Fks]mUgsa vke rkSj ij ns[kHkky ds fy, xkao esaNksM+ fn;k tk jgk FkkA bl rjg ds ekeyksa esaefgyk Jfedksa us t:jh gksus ij 'kgjh vkSjxzkeh.k ds chp lhek dks dbZ ckj ikj fd;kAnjvly] ge eka ls nwj jgus okys cPps dksO;fDrxr Jfed ds fy, 'kgj vkSj xzkeh.k ds


YH - 123/2014

caxyq# esa tks efgyk ftrus yacs le; rd jgh] mls vius xkao esavius cPpksa dks NksM+us dh t:jr de eglwl gqbZA

caxyq# esa thou dh lHkh dfBukb;ksa dk efgykvksa dks vius?kj ls nwj cPps dks NksM+us ds fu.kZ; ij ,d leku çHkko ughaiM+kA vius ?kjksa ds vanj ikuh dh lqfoèkk okyh efgyk us vius?kj ls nwj cPps dks NksM+us ds fu.kZ; dk ,d egRoiw.kZ lkaf[;dh;fooj.k çnku ugha fd;kA ,slk bl otg ls Hkh gks ldrk gS fd;g lqfoèkk mlds xkao esa Hkh miyCèk ugha jgh gksA ifjlj dsHkhrj 'kkSpky; dh miyCèkrk dk gkykafd bl ij çHkko jgk gksA?kj ds vanj 'kkSpky; dh miyCèkrk vkSj eka ls cPps dks nwjj[kus ds fu.kZ; ds chp ,d egRoiw.kZ lkaf[;dh; lacaèk ik;kx;kA ;g laHko gS fd jkr ds eqf'dy le; esa lk>k 'kkSpky;esa cPps dks ckgj ys tkus dh t:jr bl fu.kZ; esa ,d Hkwfedkgks ldrh gSA

,d Jfed ds fy,] tks eka Hkh gS] fdlh lgk;rk ç.kkyh ds :iesa] xkao esa ikfjokfjd ?kj dk mi;ksx djus dh {kerk dk foLrkjleku :i ls lHkh lkekftd lewgksa ds fy, ugha gqvk gSA vU;èkkfeZd lewgksa dh rqyuk esa fganqvksa esa vfèkd O;kid :i ls bldkbLrseky fd;k x;k vkSj ;gka rd fd fganqvksa esa ;g dkiQh fofoèkjgkA vuqlwfpr tkfr ds ikl xkao esa cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,a de gksldrh gSaA ;g rF; ekrkvksa ds 'kgj esa cl tkus ds le; rd mudscPPkksa dks xkao esa j[kus ds fy, lgh gS vkSj ;g xzkeh.k tkfrinkuqØe dk 'kgjh caxyq# esa jgus okys thou 'kSyh dks çHkkfordjus dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA

caxyq# esa vkSj ;dhuu T;knkrj Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa xkao dk izHkkocgqvk;keh gSA ,sls çHkko 'kgj dh HkkSxksfyd lhekvksa ds Hkhrj vkSjlkFk gh lkFk mlls dqN nwjh ij fLFkr xkaoksa ds LFkkuksa esa mHkj ldrsgSaA ,sls esa Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa dks izHkkfor djus okys lHkh eqíksa vkSj ;gkard fd nwjnjkt ds xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa iSnk gksus okys eqíksa dk lekèkkudjus ds fy, ,d çHkkoh 'kgjh uhfr rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg,A �

lanHkZ%� xksYMeSu ekbdy% LisdqysfVo vcZfuTe ,aM n esfdax vkWiQ n usDLV oYMZflVh baVjus'kuy tuZy vkWiQ vcZu ,aM jhtuy fjlpZ&ebZ 2011&3% vad35&i`"B la[;k 555&581� fyIVu ekbdy% okb ihiy LVs iqvj% , LVMh vkWiQ vcZu ck;l bu oYMZMsoyiesaV] yanu% VsEiy fLeFk] 1977� if.k ujsanz ,oa flag fuDdh% n dysfDVo iQSfeyh ,aM ekbxzs'ku dSfiVy%oqesu odZlZ bu csaxyq#* t xkjesaV baMLVªhA lksf'k;ksykWftdy cqysfVu&2010&3%vad 59&i`"B la[;k 367&391� if.k ujsanz% fjiQkWElZ Vw izh&,EIV psat & U;w nsYgh% dalsIV] 1983� ,- jfoUnz ,oa oh- ds- frokjh% vcZu ySaM ikWfylh iQkWj ,su bafM;uesVªksiksfyVu flVhA dspace.vidyanidhi.org. &1983& fnlacj 30] 2011 http://

dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009è2473/9/UOM-1989-1295-8.pdf.

� lklsu lkfLd;k% VsfjVjh] vWFkkfjVh] jkbV~l% ÚkWe esfM,oy Vw XYkkscyvlsECkystst & fçalVu% fçalVu ;wfuoflZVh çsl] 2006� dslh- f'kojkeÑ".ku% fj fotfuax bafM;u flVht % n vjcu jhuwvoyfe'ku & U;w nsYgh% lst] 2011� Jhfuokl y{eh% ySaM ,aM ikWfyfVDl bu bafM;k% ofdZax gkWiQ vjcu ySaMlhfyax ,DV] 1976] bdksukWfeDl ,aM ikWfyfVdy ohdyh&26 vDVwcj 1991&43%vad 26&i`"B la[;k 2482&2484


jr vkSj ckaXykns'k ds iwjs fupysxaxk MsYVk {ks=kksa esa nksuksa ghunh ra=kksa] xaxk@iÁk& czãiq=k rFkk

gqxyh&HkxhjFkh ra=k ds i;kZoj.kh; çokg esa rhozÉkl gks jgk gSA miegk}hi ds bl MsYVk {ks=k esalaiks"k.kh; ikfjfLFkfrdh lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,unh ra=k dk i;kZoj.kh; çokg iquLFkkZfir djusds fy, xgu vkRefujh{k.k rFkk usd bjkns dslkFk leqfpr dkjZokbZ dh vko';drk gSA tyfoKku ds çfrdwy #>kuksa ij jksd yxkus dsfy, xaxk dks iquthZfor djus okys ;Fkksfprç;kl rqjar fd, tkus t:jh gSa] tks laHkor%i;kZoj.kh; çokg dk lcls egRoiw.kZ ?kVdgS] ogh nwljh vksj laiks"k.kh; ikfjfLFkfrdhrFkk blds vkèkkj ij csgrj thfodk ds fy,Hkh ;g vko';d gS (lsu 2010] lsu ovU; 2012)A i;kZoj.kh; çokg ds vU;?kVd lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd] HkwvkÑfrd] tyxq.koÙkk vkSj tSo fofoèkrk vkfn gks ldrs gSa

xaxk esa çkÑfrd ty çokg dh vfuok;Zrk

,p ,l lsunhikadj ?kksjk;

(dkS'ky] 2014)] ;g bl ckr ij Hkh fuHkZjdjrk gS fd ,d fo'ks"k unh fdlh {ks=kfo'ks"k esa mlds mi;ksx ds vkèkkj ij fdlrjg dh ekuh tkrh gSA bu lc dks feykdjlesfdr ty lalkèku fodkl rFkk çcaèkura=k curk gS ftldh vkèkkjf'kyk Hkkjr ljdkjds dsaæh; ty vk;ksx us j[kh gS (lh-MCY;w-lh 2008)A

[kkldj xaxk ds Åijh fgLls esa i;kZoj.kh;izokg Hkkjr dh dbZ ty fo|qr rFkk flapkbZifj;kstukvksa ls çHkkfor gksrh gSA vk;kstuk dsnkSjku unh dh çokg xfr ds lanHkZ esa jksdhvkSj NksM+h tkus okyh ty dh ek=kk euekusrjhds ls r; dj yh tkrh gS vkSj ;gka rdfd blds çHkkoksa ds Bksl ewY;kadu dk Hkhçkoèkku ugha gksrk gSA gkykafd] ,sls ewY;kaduksads lanHkZ esa dqN dne nsj ls mBk, x, gSa] iwjsunh ekxZ ds fy, fo'o oU; tho fufèk(MCY;wMCY;w,iQ)&buesa çeq[k gS dk dk;ZHkkjr (dkS'ky 2014)A xaxk unh ds fofHkUumi;ksxksa ds foLrr fooj.k ij ;gka lexz :ils fopkj fd;k x;k gS] ftlls irk pyrk gSfd xaxk nqfu;k dh mu nl 'kh"kZ ufn;ksa esa'kkfey gS] ftudk vfLrRo vfrnksgu rFkkty çnw"k.k ds dkj.k [krjs esa gS (lka?kh rFkkdkS'ky 2014)A MCY;w MCY;w ,iQ baVjus'kuy]XySaM] fLoV~tjySaM ds vkadM+ksa ls Hkh bl rF;dh iqf"V gksrh gSA xaxk ds if'pe caxky dsiQjDdk cSjkt esa igqapus ls igys ns'k ds dbZjkT;ksa ls xqtjus ds dkj.k Hkkjr dh Hkwfedkblds Åijh ty çokg dk mi;ksx djus dh

^^nf{k.k ,f'k;k dh xaxk &

czãiq=k æks.kh esa ikjLifjd

lg;ksx lacaèkh tks leL;k

ekStwn gS] nks lukru iM+ksfl;ksa

ds chp ,slh leL;k nqfu;k esa

dgha vkSj ugha gSA ;gka lac¼

ns'kksa dk Hkfo"; Li"V :i ls

tqM+k gksus ds ckotwn u rks

lg;ksx dj iQk;nk fy;k tk

jgk gS vkSj u gh foèoald

vlg;ksx ds fy, dksbZ n.M

dh O;oLFkk gSA**

& txu esgrk

MkW- ,p ,l lsu dsaæh; twV rFkk fof'k"V js'kk 'kksèk laLFkku] cSjdiqj (if'pe caxky) ds iwoZ funs'kd gSaA mUgs rVorhZ ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k esa e`nk mi;ksfxrk 'kksèk rFkkty çcaèku esa 30 o"kZ ds vuqHko ds lkFk fo'ks"kKrk gkfly gSA bZesy% [email protected], [email protected],

MkW- nhikadj ?kksjk; Ñf"k foKku dsaæ] cqncqn] ftyk onZeku] if'pe caxky esa fo"k;oLrq fo'ks"kK rFkk çHkkjh gSaA og rVh; Ñf"k ds fo'ks"kK gSaAbZesy% [email protected]

fo'ks"k vkys[k

Hkk

caxky dh [kkM+h

csrok

HkkjrE;kaekj

phu

usiky

pacy

ubZ fnYyh

bykgkckn

vkxjk dkuiqj

xaxk;equk

okjk.klh iVukxaxk

dksydkrkin~ek es?

kuk

HkwVku czãeiq=k

xqokgkVh

lksu


vkÑfr 1% xaxk o lgk;dufn;ksa dk ty izcaèk js[kkfp=k

lzksr% jk"Vªh; unh laj{k.k funs'kky;] 2009

gS vkSj blfy, ;g Hkwfedk nf{k.k caxky(Hkkjr) rFkk ckaXykns'k ds çeq[k fgLlksa esalkoZtfud rFkk futh nksuksa gh {ks=kksa esa dfFkrxyr çHkkoksa ds dk;ks± ds vè;;u esa egRoiw.kZgks tkrh gS] ;gh bl vkys[k dk dsaæ fcanq gSAblls nksuksa ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa ds fy, ikjLifjdle>kSrksa ds tfj, ,d bZekunkj ;kstuk dksvey esa ykuk vko';d gks tkrk gSA

iQjDdk cSjkt rFkk Hkkjr caxykns'k lafèk

xaxk ij cSjkt cukdj blds ty dksHkxhjFkh dh vksj çokfgr djus dk fopkjlcls igys vkFkZj dkWVu us 1853 esa fn;kFkk vkSj xaxk dh èkkjk ij 17 fdyksehVj rdÅijh fgLls esa cus bl cSjkt dks iQjDdkuke fn;k tk s Hkkjr ls cgus okyhg qxyh&HkxhjF k h rF k k ck a Xykn s' k e s aiÁ&czãiq=k&es?kuk vkSj budh forfjdkvksa esaxaxk ds ty dks forfjr djrh gSA ;g lcvkf[kjdkj caxky dh [kkM+h esa iagqprk gSAcSjkt ds i{k esa cukbZ xbZ ty foKku dhxf.krh; dYiuk blds rqjar ckn udkjk lkfcrgqbZ D;ksafd blls u rks ryNV dh xkn dedjus esa i;kZIr enn feyh vkSj u gh dksydkrkcanjxkg ds fy, ukSogu dh laHkkouk,a c<+kusesa ;k 'kq"d ekSle ds nkSjku blds çokg dkbLrseky nksuksa ns'kksa ds lk>k ykHkksa ds fy,mi;ksx djus esa] bUgh y{;ksa ds fy, ;gcSjkt rS;kj fd;k x;k FkkA

1971 esa caxykns'k dh vktknh ds rqjarckn iÁ&czãiq=k&es?kuk unh ra=k esa de gq,ty çokg ds dkj.k ogka mRiUu leL;kvksadks eglwl djrs gq, nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp dqNvYidkfyd le>kSrs gq,] igyk 1974 esarhu lky ds fy,] nwljk 1977 esa vkSj nksvU; 1980 ds n'kd esa] ;s lHkh le>kSrsdksbZ Hkh ifj.kke nsus esa foiQy jgsA xaxk dsty ds caVokjs dks ysdj 1996 esa gqvkHkkjr caxykns'k le>kSrk rhl o"kZ ds fy,ekU; gS] ;g fiNys pkj n'kd (1949&1988)ds nkSjku unh ls çokfgr gksus okys vkSlrty dh ek=kk ij vkèkkfjr gSA 1977 esaiQjDdk esa laxfyr ty çokg vkSj bldsckn ogka miyCèk ty çokg esa cgqr delekurk Fkh ftlds dkj.k ckn ds n'kdksa esacM+h la[;k esa ty fo|qr vkSj flapkbZ ifj;kstukds ekè;e ls unh ds ty dk T;knkrj

fgLlk Åijh Hkkxksa esa gh jksdk tkuk cM+siSekus ij tkjh jgkA

ty fo|qr] fodkl vk Sj flapkb Zifj;kstukvksa dh lwph rFkk ty xq.koÙkk

xaxk unh dh HkkxhjFkh rFkk vyduank?kkfV;ksa esa cM+h la[;k esa ekStwn ty fo|qrrFkk flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa dh lwph miyCèkgS (lka?kh ,oe~ dkS'ky 2014] ckaèkksa] ufn;ksavk S j turk ds fy, nf{k.k ,f'k;kusVodZ&laniZ&)A vkÑfr 1 vkSj 2 esa js[kkfp=kds tfj, xaxk ty dk çokg vkSj ml ijekStwn vla[; ifj;kstukvksa dks fn[kk;k tkjgk gSA buesa ls dbZ rks LohÑr gks pqdh gSavkSj dbZ LohÑr gksus gSa (laniZ@jk"Vªh; unhlaj{k.k egkfuns'kky;] 2009)A vyduank vkSjHkxhjFkh rFkk mudh lgk;d ufn;ksa dh çHkkforyackbZ (rkfydk ,d ns[ksa) ls irk pyrk gSfd dsoy mÙkjk[kaM esa ty fo|qr ifj;kstukvksa

ds fy, fdruh cM+h ek=kk esa xaxkty dkmi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gS (Hkkjrh; oU; tholaLFkku 2012)A blds vfrfjDr xaxk dksçnwf"kr dj jgs fofHkUu fcanq rFkk fcanq fHkUulzksrksa ds Hkh nLrkost rS;kj gSa (lka?kh ,oe~dkS'ky 2014) vkSj dqN [kkl fLFkfr;ksa esai;kZoj.kh; çokg esa bldk ;ksxnku T;knkegRoiw.kZ gks ldrk gSA iwjh xaxk unh esa tydh [kjkc xq.koÙkk (f=kosnh) dks vkÑfr 3vkSj 4 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS] bu vkadM+ksa ls irkpyrk gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj dh vksj ls mBk,

x, fofHkUu dne (xaxk dk;Z ;kstuk&pj.k1]1985 vkSj pj.k 2] 1993] jk"Vªh; unhlaj{k.k ;kstuk 1996) vkSlr :i ls liQyjgs gSa vkSj bl fn'kk esa vfèkd ,dkxz rFkkO;kid dkjZokbZ dh Hkfo"; esa vko';drk gS(lka?kh ,oe~ dkS'ky 2014@jk-u-la-fu- 2009)Abuesa lcls Åij tyok;q ifjorZu dk O;kidçHkko i;kZoj.kh; çokg ds vfèkdkal ?kVdksaij vYidkfyd çHkko ds :i esa gksrk gSA;g rF; vc LFkkfir gks pqdk gS fd iwjhnqfu;k] [kkldj fganqdq'k fgeky; ds Xysf'k;joSf'od rkiu ds dkj.k fi?ky jgs gSaA dkBekaMwfLFkr varjZk"Vªh; lesfdr ioZr fodkl dsaæds vè;;u ds vuqlkj bl xyu dsifj.kkeLo:i bu Xysf'k;j ls unh ?kkfV;ksa esagksus okyk vuqekfur ty çokg bl lnh dsvar rd 25&50 çfr'kr rd de gks tk,xkA(thethirdparty.net)

gkykafd] jk"Vªh; unh laj{k.k funs'kky;ds vuqlkj lapkyu vkSj j[kj[kko dh leL;kds ckotwn bl unh dh ty xq.koÙkk (tSojklk;fud vkWWDlhtu ekax (chvksMh) rFkkMhvks ds lanHkZ esa) xaxk dk;Z ;kstuk ds ckndqN csgrj gqbZ gSA bls rhoz tula[;k o`f¼rFkk tSo çnw"k.k ncko esa yxkrkj o`f¼ dseísutj ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A unh dh tyxq.koÙkk orZeku dk;ks± ds iwjk gksus vkSj unhesa iSnk fd, tk jgs dpjs ij fu;=ka.k ds cknlqèkjus dh mEehn gSA rhu egRoiw.kZ ekudksauker% Mhvks] chvksMh vkSj dkWyhiQkeZ dsvkèkkj ij iwjs xaxk {ks=k esa xaxk dk;Z ;kstukds igys vkSj blds ckn dh fLFkfr;ksa dhrqyuk ls cgqr gn rd larks"ktud ifj.kkelkeus vkrs gSaA fupys {ks=k esa èkhek gksrk tyçokg vkSj yxkrkj fcxM+rh ty xq.koÙkk usbl {ks=k ds yksxksa dh thfodk ij csgn?kkrd ifj.kke Mkys gSaA ckal dh [ksrh ijdqçHkko bldk ,d mnkgj.k gSA (?kksjk; ,aolsu 2014)

fupyh xaxk dh ikfjfLFkdh ij çfrdwyçHkko ty foKku rFkk xkn fuiVku ncko

;g lp gS fd iQjDdk cSjkt ds fuekZ.kds tfj;s Hkkjr esa xaxk ds lkezkT; esa n[kyds dkj.k tyLrj esa cnyko] tyçokg] xkndk vkokxeu ryNV esa <yku] bR;kfn dbZrjg dh leL;k,a vkSj nq"ifj.kke lkeus vk;s


rkfydk 1% tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ds dkj.k vyduank

o HkkxhjFkh ufn;ksa dh izHkkfor yackbZ

Ø- unh unh dk cnyk tyeXu çHkkfor cnys tyeXu çHkkforiwjk gqvk unh yackbZ ekxZ yackbZ yackbZ

iQSyko unh ekxZ iQSyko ij yackbZ

HkxhjFkh csflu ehVj esa izfr'kr esa

1 HkxhjFkh 217000 68031 85400 153431 31 39 700712 vflxaxk 20500 10945 0 10945 53 0 53039

3 fHkykaxuk 109000 20369 19000 39369 19 17 360124 cky xaxk 37000 14721 0 14721 40 0 390795 NksVh lgk;d

ufn;ka 73000 16401 0 16401 22 0 22047

vyduank csflu6 vyduank 224000 60412 47100 107512 27 21 480007 èkkSyhxaxk 50000 46794 0 46794 94 0 930598 Îf"k xaxk 38500 10426 600 11026 27 2 280649 fcjkgh xaxk 29500 21926 0 21926 74 0 7403210 uankfduh 44500 15507 0 15507 35 0 3408511 eankfduh 81000 34875 500 35375 43 1 43067

lzksr% laniZ

fiyaxkM

fpYykÎf"kds'k

gfj}kj

xaxk

fVgjh pj.k 1

rkgjh fHkyaxkuk

eusjh Hkkyh I

eusjh Hkkyh II

fryokjk vyduank jktoDrh

oukyk

vaxqnk Fkkrh

mÙkdk'kh

xaxks=kh

dsnkjukFk

xaxks=kh jk"Vªh; m|ku

cnzhukFk

tqEekx<+

fo".kqiz;kx eykjh

riksou

nscy

uanknsoh jk"Vªh; m|ku

Fkjkyh

mjxe

fuekZ.kkèkhu ifj;ksuk,ad fHkyaxkuk II[k fcjgh xaxkx dkyhxaxk?k dkyhxaxk IM dkyhxaxk IIp dksVs'ojN eèkekns'ojt Îf"kds'k> iQkVk";qaxHk flaxksyhV JhuxjB riksou fo".kqxkMM fo".kqxkM fiiydksfV

LohÑr ifj;ksuk,avaxqnk FkkyhcnzhukFk&IIfHkyaxkukfpYyknscytqEekx<+eusjh Hkkyh Ieusjh Hkkyh IIfiykx<+jktodyhfVgjh pj.k 1riksouFkjkyhfryokjkmjxecukyk

izLrkfor ifj;ksuk,a1- vyduank2- vflxaxk I3- vflxaxk II4- vflxaxk III5- cxksyh6- cky xaxk7- ckaxjh8- fHkyaxkuk II ,9- fHkyaxkuk II ch10- fHkyaxkuk II lh11- e;aqnk xaxk12- fcjgh xaxk I13- fcjgh xaxk II14- cksoykuan iz;kx15- cqvk,16- pqUuh lseh17- nhny18 nsofxjh19- nsokyh20- nquk fxjh21- xkSjhdqaM22- xksgkuk rky23- tkyaèkjhxkM24- >sye red25- >kyk dksfV26- dkdksjkxkM27- dfYnxkM28- d.kZiz;kx29- f[kjko xaxk30- dkslk31- dksVk cq<+k dsnkj32- dksVyh Hksy I ,33- dksVyh Hksy I ch34- dksVyh Hksy II35- y{e.kxaxk36- yrk riksou37- fyepk xkn38- eykjh >sye39- enkuh xaxk40- esy[ksr41- feax uyxkao42- uan iz;kx43- uk;j44- ikMyh ckaèk45- fiyaxkM II46- jke ckM+k47- Îf"k xaxk I48- Îf"k xaxk II49- fla;kxkn50- lqokjh xkM51- mjxe II52- mR;klq ckaèk (I-IV)

lwpdunh ,oa ty fo|qr ifj;kstuk,agkMZ jsl lqjaxfgeknNkfnr {ks=kegRoiw.kZ LFkku

xaxk unh ij ty fo|qr ifj;kstuk;sa

vkÑfr 2% xaxk unh ij ty fo|qr ifj;kstuk,a

57 ufn;ka vkSj mudh forfjdk,acaxykns'k dks Hksnrh gSaA buesa ls 54Hkkjr ds jkLrs tcfd dsoy rhu E;kaekjds jkLrs fudyrh gSaA bu lcds chpxaxk ds lcls T;knk 'kfDr'kkyh gksusds dkj.k Hkkjr ij egrh ftEesnkjh gSfd og gekjs iM+ksfl;ksa] ftuds ;gkaty dh Hkwfedk cM+h egRoiw.kZ gS] dhthfodk dh lqj{kk ds fy, xaxk dki;kZoj.kh; çokg cuk;s j[ksA

gSaA budk dkj.k ryNV esa T;knk xkn tekgksuk rFkk buds Lrj esa Ékl] Åijh {ks=k esajktegy ls iQjDdk rd rFkk upys fgLls esaiQjDdk lqnwjorhZ èkkjkvksa rd dh fLFkfrvkfn gSA cSjkt ds nk;ha vksj tyks<+ dhvfèkdrk gks x;h gS tcfd ck;ha vksj xgjhugj dh lajpuk cu x;h gSA rVh; vijnuvius lcls [k+jkc Lrj ij igqap x;k gS vkSjvxLr & flrEcj esa ;g lokZfèkd gksrk gSAxaxk&iÁ ds xkn fu{ksi 'kSyh esa cnyko dsdkj.k caxykns'k esa çR;{k o vçR;{k nq"kifj.kkens[ks x, gSaA bl dkj.k ryNV esa nynyhdj.krFkk rVksa ij vijnu esa c<+ksrjh gksxh vkSjvarr% ;g ugj ij çHkko Mkysxk rFkk vU;Hkw&vkÑfrd ifjorZu yk,xkA (i#vk] 2009)

iQjDdk rFkk jktegy (>kj[kaM esa 53fdeh Åij dh vksj) unh rV ds lkFk dbZLFkkuksa ij unh ds Lo:i esa nf"Vxkspj cnykoksarFkk mlds dkj.k Hkw&vkÑfrd iSekuksa esavk;s ifj.kkfed ifjorZu dks è;ku esa j[kdjrVh; vijnu rFkk ck<+ ds dkj.kksa dh iM+rkydjrs gq, 1955 ls 2005 ds chp dbZ [kaMksaesa vè;;u fd;s x, gSaA buesa LANDSAT

rFkk Hkkjrh; lqnwj laosnh mixzg (vkbZvkj,l)ls iwjs xaxk rV ds lkFk&lkFk fp=k fy, x,gSaA (Bkdqj] 2014) rc crk;k x;k fd

rVcaèkksa dh foiQyrk dk eq[; dkj.k unhrVksa ls e`nk vijnu] iFkjhyh Hkwfe (jktegyesa) dh ekStwnxh] xkn dk vfrfjDr ncko]ryNV dh liQkbZ esa ckèkk vkSj çkÑfrdcgko dks vo#¼ djrk Lo;a iQjDdk cSjkt

vkfn jgs FksA blls lcls T;knk ihfM+r ekynkftys ds ekf.kdpd] dkfy;kpd&1]dkfy;kpd&2] vkSj jrqvk&1 ç[kaM jgs gSaAdsoy bUgsa ç[kaMksa esa 1977 ls vc rdyxHkx 1670 gsDVs;j Ñf"k Hkwfe dk uqdlkugqvk gS (Bkdqj] 2014)A lkFk gh] lhekorhZeqf'kZnkckn ftys ds dqN fgLlksa esa Hkh ,slkgqvk tgka cM+s iSekus ij rVh; vijnu]HkwHkkx ds tyIyou vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i xkaoksals tulkekU; ds iyk;u dh iqujko`fÙk gksrhjgh (cuthZ] 1999@#æ] 2004)A bl dkj.kHkkjrh; {ks=k esa rks lkykuk cM+s iSekus ijtkueky dk Hkkjh uqdlku gksrk jgkA

caxykns'k esa Hkh ,slh gh ?kVukvksa dh


(lzksr% http://www.old.cseindia.org/misc/ganga/state_pollution.pdf

vkÑfr 3% xaxk esa fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij dkWyhiQkeZtkudkjh feyh tgka xkn dk ncko vR;fèkdgks x;k vkSj caxykns'k ds rVorhZ unh ?kkfV;ksarFkk ufn;ksa ls fudys ugjksa esa vukPNnu dhnj Hkh vR;fèkd gks x;h] ftldh tkudkjhbLyke o vU;] 1999 ds 'kksèk i=k esa feyrhgSA blds dkj.k ns'k esa ck<+ vkus dh nj Hkhc<+ x;hA (ckaXykihfM;k)

tSo fofoèkrk dk uqdlku

fupys MsYVk {ks=k] [kkldj nksuksa ns'kksa esaiQSys lqanjou esa] tyçokg de fd;s tkus dsdkj.k tSo fofoèkrk esa vk;s cnykoksa ds#>ku ij vDlj ç'u fd;s tkrs jgs gSaA bufnuksa ikfLFkfrdh ra=k csgn rhoz xfr ls cnyjgk gS vkSj tSofofoèkrk Hkh rsth ls detksjgks jgh gSA blds lkFk dbZ çtkfr;ka rks taxyls foyqfIr dh dxkj ij gSaA gkykafd fiQjHkh reke rjg ds nqyZHk ikniksa rFkk tarqvksads fy, leqfpr i;kZokl miyCèk gks jgk gSAlaiw.kZ MsYVk {ks=k esa le; ds lkFk tSo fofoèkrkds derj gksus ds ihNs cgqr ls dkj.kfpfg~ur fd;s x;s gSaA gkykafd vyx&vyxdkj.kksa ls gq, uqdlku dk la[;kRed fooj.kBhd Bhd tqVkuk laHko ugha gS ysfdu buesals vfèkdka'k dk lacaèk de gksrs ty çokgrFkk vU; ekuoh; dk;Zdykiksa ds lk>kifj.kke ls gSA

caxykns'k esa tyçokg rFkk yo.krkdk gLr{ksi

caxykns'k esa çHkkfor fupys xaxk MsYVkdk {ks=kiQy cgqr cM+k gS vkSj laHkor% blij xaHkhjrk ls è;ku fn;s tkus dh t:jr gSAo"kZ 1970 ls 2011 rd xaxk esa NksM+s x;sty ds vkadM+s crkrs gSa fd iQjDdk cSjktcuus ds ckn 'kq"d ekSle (uoacj ls ebZ dschp) esa tyçokg 82 çfr'kr rd ?kV pqdkgSA (viQjkst ,oa jgeku] 2013)

Hkkoh uhfrxr eqís vkSj fu"d"kZ

Hkkjr (iQjDdk ls nf{k.k) rFkk caxykns'k(nf{k.k&if'pe) nksuksa ds gh fupys xaxkMsYVk {ks=k esa ikfjfLFkfrdh ,d tSlh gSvkSj nksuksa iQjDdk cSjkt ls ean eaFkj tyçokgvkSj tyekxZ cnyus ds dkjk rFkk Åijh{ks=k esa Hkkjr esa fofHkUu LFkkuksss a ij ty dhxq.koÙkk [kjkc gksus ds dkj.k ,d tSlhleL;k,a Hkh >sy jgs gSaA ;g nksuksa ns'kksa dsfy, ,d tSlh fpark dh ckr gS vkSj bldkj.k ,d laiw.kZ rFkk ladsfæar dkjZokbZ dht:jr gSA bl Øe esa uhps dqN lq>ko fn;stk jgs gSa ftUgsa rRdky çHkko ls ykxw dj,d nh?kZdkfyd lekèkku dh vksj c<+k tkldrk gSA· iQjDdk ckaèk ds fMtkbu ij iqufoZpkj

dh t:jr gS] lkFk gh] nksuksa ns'kksa dsO;kid fgr esa cSjkt ls ikuh NksM+s tkusvkSj blds forj.k leqfpr O;oLFkk cuk;htkuh pkfg, rFkk bl Øe esa Åijh xaxkds vuqekfur çokg dk nh?kZdkfydifj.kkeksa ds fglkc ls è;ku j[kk tkukpkfg, vkSj ;fn vko';d gks rks u;hO;oLFkk r; dh tkuh pkfg,A

· frCcr ls 'kq: gks jgh nksuksa ufn;kas] xaxkvkSj czãiq=k ds vuqekfur tyçokg]Xysf'k;j fi?kyus ds ifj.kkeLo:i unhra=kksa ij iM+rs çHkko vkSj tyok;q ifjorZuds dkj.k is'k vkus okyh vU; ekudh;(lzksr% http://www.old.cseindia.org/misc/ganga/state_pollution.pdf

vkÑfr 4% Hkkjr esa unh iznw"k.k


xaxk unh ra=k ds fofHkUu vo;oksarFkk iQjDdk ds jkLrs tyizokg dkekxZ cnyss tkus ds dkj.k ikfjfLFkfrdhij buds izHkko ds lacaèk essa caxykns'kdh vksj ls vc rd rS;kj fd;s x;svkSj iznf'kZr vkadM+ksa esa vfèkdkaa'kvfrjaftr ekywe iM+rs gSa D;ksafd budsfo'ys"k.k dk dksbZ oSKkfud vkèkkjugha gSA nwljh vksj iQjDdk ls ikaookil [khaps tkus ds dkj.k vfèkdka'kHkkjrh; vè;;u iQjDdk&iwoZ ds fnuksadh fLFkfr ds vkèkkj ij dfYir dqNsddYiukvksa ij vkèkkfjr gSaA bl dkj.k;s fo'ys"k.k okLrfodrk ls ihNs ghNwVs ekywe iM+rs gSaaA

vfuf'prrkvksa dk Hkh vè;;u fd;ktkuk pkfg, rFkk iQjDdk cSjkt lstyforj.k dh Hkkoh O;oLFkk,a r; djusds Øe esa ;FkklaHko vfèkdre 'kq¼rkds lkFk leqfpr i;kZoj.k vuqdwy ekWMyviukdj bUgsa vkSj T;knk fu[kkjk tkukpkfg,A

· Hkkjr esa u;h tyfo|qr rFkk flapkbZifj;kstukvksa dh LFkkiuk dks LohÑfrfn;s tkus ds le; Åijh {ks=kksa esa unh dkikuh jksdus o NksM+us lacaèkh dBksj ekunaMcukdj vfrfjDr lkoèkkuh cjrh tkuhpkfg, vkSj lkFk gh] bu ifj;kstukvksaifj.kke fo'ys"k.k Hkh ,d vfuok;Zvko';drk gksuh pkfg, rkfd lac¼ {ks=kdh ikfjfLFkfrdh ckfèkr ugha gksA

· Åijh xaxk {ks=k esa igys ls gh LohÑrtyfo|qr rFkk flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa dhHkh leh{kk NksMs+ tkus okys ikuh dhek=kk] vkfn ds lanHkZ esa dh tkuh pkfg,vkSj ;fn vko';d gks rks mu ij iqufoZpkjHkh fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd lac¼ {ks=kdh ikfjfLFkfrdh ckfèkr ugha gksA

· Hkkjr esa futh ,tsafl;ksa }kjk tyçokgdk ekxZ ifjofrZr djus dh xfrfofèk;ksaij rqjar jksdFkke ds fy, dM+h ç'kklfudfuxjkuh dh tkuh pkfg,A

· iwjh tyèkkjk ds lkFk&lkFk egRoiw.kZ LFkkuksaij {ks=k fo'ks"k ds vuq:i lesfdr tyfodkl rFkk çcaèku ;kstuk,a rS;kj dhtkuh pkfg, rFkk muds fØ;kUo;u ds rkSjrjhdksa ij xgu fopkj foe'kZ fd;k tkukpkfg,A blesa LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa dh i;kZIrlk>hnkjh vkSj mudh vksj ls i;kZIr fuxjkuhgksuh pkfg, rkfd Hkkjr esa o"kZHkj ty dhxq.koÙkk vPNh cuh jgsA

· Hkwfe rFkk ty esa yo.krk] çokg dhxfr] tyrjaxksa esa mrkj p<+ko o vk;ke]xkn fu{ksi.k@ty foKkuh; ekudksa] ufn;ksads jkLrs vkSj dksydkrk canjxkg esaukSogu] HkkSety dh xgjkbZ rFkk xq.koÙkk]tSofofoèkrk ds egRoiw.kZ ?kVdksa vkSjvU; fdUgh laHkkfor ekudksa ds lanHkZesa fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij] a[kkl rkSj ij]Hkkjr ds fupys MsYVk {ks=k esa tyçokgds çHkkoksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkuk pkfg,

vkSj budh fuxjkuh ,d laiw.kZ ;kstukds rgr de ls de iapo"khZ; pj.kksa esadh tkuh pkfg,A blds fy, oSKkfudksa]xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa] ljdkjh vfèkdkfj;ksao LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa vkfn dh ,dVhe cuk;h tk ldrh gS vkSj bl rjgds vè;;uksa@fuxjkuh ds ifj.kkeksa dkslkoZtfud j[kk tkuk pkfg,A blh rjgds dk;ZØe caxykns'k dh vksj ls Hkhfd;s tk ldrs gSaA nksuksa ns'kksa ls çeq[kgfLr;ksa dh lnL;rk okyh ,d dksjdesVh dks de ls de lkykuk rkSj ijbl fo"k; ij ckr djuh pkfg, vkSjfLFkfr dh leh{kk djuh pkfg, rFkkr; y{;ksa dks gkfly djus dh fn'kk esa

i;kZoj.kh; çokg dks Bhd fd;k tk,A bldsfy, mi;qZDr lq>kokas ij lkoèkkuh ds lkFkfopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA �

lanHkZ%� jkSud viQjkst o vrkmjZgeku (2013)%

xaxk o rhLrk ds fy, lhekikj unh ty% ,dewY;kadu] Xykscy lkbal ,aM VsDukWykth] o"kZ1] vad 1

� ,e cuthZ (1999)% iQjDdk cSjkt dk ekuoh;rkus ckus ij çHkko% ,d fjiksVZ] lkmFk ,f'k;kusVodZ iQkWj MSe] jholZ ,aM ihiy (lUniZ)

� ckaXykihfM;k] http://www.banglapedia.org/

HT/F_0114.htm

� dsUæh; ty vk;ksx (2008)] Fkhe isij%lesfdr ty lalkèku fodkl o çcaèku

� nhikadj ?kksjk; o ,p ,l lsu (2014)%fyfoax vkmV vkWiQ xaxk% v VªsfM'kuy ;sV bEisfjYMfyofygqM vkWu cEcw iksLV gkoZsLV çkslsflax ,aMbeft±x çkWCyEl vkWiQ xaxk] laiknu% jf'e flag]fLçaxj baVjus'kuy ifCyf'kax] fLoV~tjySaM

� eksgEen fjtokuqy bLyke] csxe lbZnk iQkfgYtk];kekxqph ;k'kqf'k ,oa vksxkok dLrqjks (1999)

� ,l ,u bLyke o , xukSd (2008)%baVjus'kuy tuZy vkWiQ ÚafV;j vFkZ lkbal] phu

� fufru dkS'ky (2014)% xaxk unh dk i;kZoj.kh;çokg

� jk"Vªh; unh laj{k.k funs'kky; (2009)% xaxkunh esa i;kZoj.k o ty xq.koÙkk ij fLFkfrfjiksVZ] ty lalkèku ea=kky; ds fy, vkbZvkbZVh]#M+dh }kjk rS;kj

� ç.ko dqekj i#vk (2009)% okVj lkbal ,aMVsDukWyth ykbczsjh

� ,e vkj jgeku ,oa ,e vlnqTteka (2010)%tuZy lkbal iQkmaMs'ku

� ds #æ (2004)% http:www.ibaradio.org/

India/ganga //xtra/resource/rudra.pdf

� jf'e lka?kh o fufru dkS'ky (2014)% laiknu%jf'e lka?kh] fLçaxj baVjus'kuy ifCyf'kax]fLoV~tjySaM

� ,p ,l lsu (2010)% djaV lkbal o"kZ 99]vad 6

� ,p ,l lsu] Mh ceZu o 'kqHkk'kh"k eaMy(2012)% ySi ySEcVZ vdsMfed ifCyf'kax] teZuh

� lkmFk ,f'k;k usVodZ iQkWj MSe] jholZ ,aMihiy (lUniZ) http://sandrp.in

� çoh.k ds Bkdqj (2014)% laiknu% jf'e lka?kh]fLçaxj baVjus'kuy ifCyf'kax] fLoV~tjySaM

� http://www.thethirdpole.net/glacier-melt-will-reduce-crucial-water-supplies-for-

people-living-in-the-himalayasè

� vkj lh f= ko snh] lhihlhch% http://www.old.cseindia.org/misc/ga nga/

state_pollution.pdf

� Hkkjrh; oU; tho laLFkku% http://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/ngrba/

lqèkkj ds fy, vius lq>ko nsus pkfg,A;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd lanfHkZr fupyk xaxk

MsYVk tks nksuksa ns'kksa esa iQSyk gS] cgqr gn rdleqæ rVh; rFkk HkqjHkqjs LoHkko dk gS vkSj ;gyxkrkj vkrh çkÑfrd vkinkvksa ls mRiUuvfuf'prrkvksa ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gS ftl ijfu;a=k.k fdlh ds o'k esa ugha gSA xaxk unhlewg dh ufn;ksa ds yxkrkj [kjkc gksrsi;kZoj.kh; çokg ls mRiUu gksrs vfrfjDrdkjd xaxk {ks=k ds fuokfl;ksa ds fy, ijs'kkfu;kac<+kus dk dke djrs gSaA fu"d"kZr% ge ekursgSa fd nksuksa ns'kksa esa iQSys bl {ks=k esa ckf'kanksa dhlaiks"k.kh; thfodk ds fy, ;gka dh ikfjfLFkfrdhdks lqèkkjus dk dksbZ vklku jkLrk ugha gSflok; bl ckr ds fd iQjDdk cSjkt ds jkLrs


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bZ ljdkj ds fodkl ekWMy dklcls yqHkkouk vkSj vkd"kZd fcanqgS LekVZ 'kgj clkus dh ;kstukA

10 tqykbZ] 2014 dks çLrqr ctV esa dsaæh;foÙk ea=kh us ns'k Hkj esa lkS LekVZ 'kgj cukusds fy, 7060 djksM+ #i;s ds vkoaVu dh?kks"k.kk dhA bl ctV Hkk"k.k ds nkSjku foÙkea=kh us cM+s 'kgjksa ds lSVsykbV dLcksa ds rkSjij 'kgjksa dk vkèkqfudhdj.k djds lkS LekVZ'kgj cukus ds ckjs esa ckr dh FkhA foÙk ea=khdh bl ;kstuk dks ,d vkn'kZ ;kstuk ekuktk ldrk Fkk] vxj ctV Hkk"k.k esa bl;kstuk dk iwjk [kkdk vkSj le; lhek Hkhcrk;h tkrh rkfd dksbZ O;fDr ;g vkdyudj lds fd bl ;kstuk ds fy, ctV esai;kZIr lalkèku Hkh eqgSÕ;k djk, x, gSa ;kughaA bl deh dk dkj.k ,d LekVZ 'kgj dksclkus ds fy, t:jh fuos'k ls tqM+h tkudkjhvkSj Li"Vrk dk vHkko Hkh gks ldrk gSAblls igys fd bl dgkuh esa ge vkSj vkxsc<+sa] bl ckr ij Hkh è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,fd nqfu;k Hkj esa LekVZ flVh cukus ds blekgkSy ds chp LekVZ flVh dh dksbZ Li"VifjHkk"kk lkeus ugha vkbZ gSA rF; ;g gS fdLekVZ 'kgjksa ds lanHkZ esa dbZ rjg ds ijLijlac¼ fopkj lkeus vk jgs gSaA blesa fØ,fVfoVhdk eqík Hkh gS] lkbcj {ks=k dk Hkh] fMftVydk Hkh vkSj bZ&xoZusal dk HkhA ;s t:jh ughafd bu lHkh {ks=kksa ls tqM+s fopkj vkil esafof'k"V gksaxsA lwpuk lapkj (vkbZlhVh) dh{kerk dks dke esa ykuk gj ,d fopkj dk

LekVZ 'kgjksa ds fy, ;kstuk% dgka ls gks 'kq#vkr

,l paæ'ks[kjfugkfjdk osadVs'k

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vfuok;Z vax gSA fodkl ds fy, vkbZlhVhds bLrseky dk fopkj fefyusf;e MsoyiesaVxksYl (,eMhth) esa Hkh tksM+k x;k gSA ;gkard fd vkBosa ,eMhth dh çxfr dh tkapdjus dk ,d eq[; y{; futh {ks=k ds lkFklg;ksx djus vkSj ubZ rduhd ds ykHk[kklrkSj ij lwpuk vkSj lapkj rduhd dsykHkksa dks miyCèk djkus ls lacafèkr gSA Hkkjrljdkj ds ewY;kadu ds vuqlkj ns'k bly{; dks çkIr djus dh vksj vxzlj gSA blckr esa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS fd yksxksa ds fy,LekVZ flVh dh ifjHkk"kk r; djuk ,d ppkZdk fo"k; gSA fiQj Hkh bl ekeys esa LekVZlsaVªy fctusl fMfLVªDV tSls xqtjkr baVjus'kuyfiQu&Vsd flVh dh [kwfc;ksa dks le>uk vklkugSA okLrfod pqukSrh gS bl ckr ij fopkjfd, fcuk fd os xjhc gSa ;k vehj] lHkhfuokfl;ksa ds fy, ,d la;qDr LekVZ flVhcukukA

Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa fdlh 'kgj dks LekVZcukus dh çfØ;k turk dsafær gksuh pkfg,Abl ckr esa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS fd bu 'kgjksadks yksxksa ds dke vkus yk;d cukuk Hkht:jh gSA bl rjg ctk; ,d LekVZ flVhdh lkefjd ifjHkk"kk nsus ds ;g ys[k bllanHkZ esa ,d [kkdk rS;kj djrk gSA LekVZflVh ;k fuokl LFkku dk fopkj ,d y{;ds ctk; ,d çfØ;k gS vkSj ;gh og fo'ks"krkgS tks ;g lqfuf'pr djrh gS fd LekVZ flVhdh dksbZ ,d Lohdk;Z ifjHkk"kk ugha gSAblfy, ;g ekU; gS fd ,d LekVZ flVh

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,l panz'ks[kj eqacbZ fLFkr bafnjk xkaèkh fodkl 'kksèk laLFkku esa ,lksfl,V izksiQslj gSaA Hkkjr esa 'kgjh xjhch] iyk;u rFkk 'kgjhÑr] uxj&xzke lacaèk rFkk Jecktkj vkfnmudh #fp ds 'kksèk fo"k; gSaA og xjhch] Hkw[k] [kk| lqj{kk vkSj iks"k.k fo"k;ksa ij dk;Z'kkyk,a vk;ksftr djokrs gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

fugkfjdk osadVs'k blh laLFkku dh ,d 'kksèk ifj;kstuk ij dke dj jgh gSaA og vkbZvkbZVh] dkuiqj ls vFkZ'kkL=k esa lesfdr LukrdksÙkj dj pqdh gSaAbZesy% [email protected]

orZeku fuokfl;ksa ls tqM+h ewyHkwr

lsokvksa dh deh ij è;ku nsus ds

lkFk gh gesa vk;kstuk dks Hkfo";

esa gksus okyh tula[;k o`f¼ ds

vuqlkj Hkh <kyus dh t:jr gSA

tokgjyky usg: 'kgjh

uohuhdj.k ;kstuk ds ,d fgLls

ds rkSj ij rS;kj dh xbZ 'kgjh

fodkl ;kstuk ds ikl Hkh 'kgjksa

dh Hkfo"; esa c<+us okyh vkcknh

dks ysdj dksbZ fo'oluh;

vkdyu ugha gSA ;g LekVZ

vkokl ds ,d vxys ?kVd ls

okfdiQ djkrk gS vkSj fuekZ.k

lacaèkh bl ekgkSy ls okfdiQ

djkrk gS vkSj ewyHkwr lsokvksa dks

lqfuf'pr djus dh rjiQ è;ku

fnykrk gS


baVjusV 'kkflr gksxh] fMtkbu vkSj çcaèku esafu;fer lqèkkj dk y{; gksxk] tyok;q vkèkkfjrfodkl dh ;kstuk gksxh vkSj mlds fuokfl;ksads fy, lqfoèkk,a fodflr dh tk,axhA

,d 'kgj dks LekVZ cukus ds fy, turkdsafær rduhdh lqfoèkk,a fodflr djus dht:jr gksxhA fodkl ds fy, vkbZlhVh dhrkdr dk bLrseky djus dk fopkj [kklrkSj ijikjnf'kZrk vkSj ç'kklu esa lqèkkj ds fy, Hkkjr esau;k ugha gS vkSj ;g fopkj LekVZ flVh cukus dsfopkj ls dkiQh igys dk gSA Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh;

dk 8-6 çfr'kr 'kkfey gksxkA blesa ljdkjmu xkaoksa dks 'kkfey dj ldrh gS] tks 'kgjksads utnhd gSa vkSj ftudh tula[;k 5000ls 9999 ds chp gSA bl nkSjku] ;g ;kstukxzkeh.k tula[;k dk vfrfjDr 13-2 çfr'krHkh 'kkfey djsxhA

;g ;kstuk O;kogkfjd yxrh gS D;ksafdle; ds lkFk&lkFk 'kgj ds utnhdh xkaoksaesa jgus okys yksx Hkh 'kgjh gh cu tk,axsAblfy, vkxs dh ;kstuk cukuk ,d LekVZvkbfM;k gSA bu xkaoksa dks LekVZ cukus dsfy, mBk, tk jgs dne ç'kklfud n`f"VvkSj lsok forj.k ls xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky;ds bZ&iapk;r çkstsDV ds varxZr yk;s tkldrs gSaA bl ;kstuk esa iapk;r dh dk;Zi¼frds lHkh vk;ke ;kstuk] tkap] fØ;kUo;u]ctV] foi.ku] lkekftd ys[kk&ijh{k.k vkSjukxfjd lsokvksa dk forj.k tSls izek.k i=kvkSj ykblsal tkjh djuk Hkh 'kkfey gksxkA

bZ&iapk;r çkstsDV dk bLrseky LekVZ'kgjhdj.k ds y{; dks iwjk djus ds fy,Hkh fd;k tkuk pkfg,A dsaæ ljdkj us ,e&gsYFkvkSj bZ&yfuZax ds ekWMYl fodflr djus dsfy, vkbZlhVh dh mUur rduhdksa dk bLrsekydjus dh [kkst dh gSA ;g dne xkaoksa ijè;ku dsafær djus ds fy, Hkh bLrseky fd,tkus pkfg,A ;gka fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxdxfy;kjs tSlh egRoiw.kZ ifj;kstukvksa ds lkFkHkh ijLij vuqcaèk gksus pkfg,A

bl ckjs esa lq>ko ;g gS fd ;g ;kstukfofHkUu çLrkoksa dh vfHklkfjrk ds y{; dksçkIr djus okyh gksuh pkfg, rkfd ;glqfuf'pr fd;k tk lds fd çR;sd xzkeh.kvkokl vkSj Hkfo"; ds 'kgj LekVZ cu jgs gSaAbl çLrko dks Hkfo"; ds 'kgjhdj.k dsfy, ,d vxz.kh ;kstuk ds rkSj ij le>k tkldrk gSA vkt ljdkj }kjk mBk, x,vfèkdrj dne vxzlfØ; gksus dh ctk;çfrfØ;k'khy gSa] ftudk nwjxkeh vlj utjugha vkrkA

flracj 2011 esa ;qlwiQ esgsjSyh eseksfj;yysDpj nsrs gq, Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr Jh gkfenvalkjh us 'kgjh ç'kklu esa lqèkkj vkSj lsokforj.k ds ekeys esa lkeus vkus okyh pqukSfr;ksads ckjs esa ckr dh FkhA muds }kjk mBk, x,nks eqís bl lanHkZ esa çklafxd gSaA ekuuh;

mijk"Vªifr }kjk j[kk x;k igyk fcanq Fkk&fuos'kksadk iSekuk vkSj ;kstukvksa dk p;uA mUgsafunZsf'kr djus ds fy, jktuhfrd [khaprkuvkSj vkfFkZd nckoksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA gkykafddqN vkykspd gekjs 'kgjh LFkkuksa ds vfHktkR;opZLo ds ckjs esa ckr djrs gSa vkSj lp esalHkh lkèkkj.k 'kgjh yksx vkSj vU; ;gfoyki djrs gSa fd oftZr 'kgjhdj.k vU;yksxksa dks uqdlku igqapkdj dqN [kkllkekftd lewgksa dks ykHk igqapk jgk gS vkSjNksVs vkSj eè; Js.kh okys 'kgjksa ds ewyHkwr<kaps dks etcwr djus vkSj t:jh lsokvksa dsfy, fuèkkZfjr èku vkSj lalkèku egkuxjksa dksfn, tk jgs gSaA

nwljs og dgrs gSa] gekjs 'kgjh {ks=k vkSjç'kklfud <kapk jktuhfrd }a}ksa vkSj vkfFkZdla?k"kks± dk ,d jaxeap cu x;k gSA gekjs'kgjh {ks=kksa dk bLrseky lqèkkjksa ds çpkj&çlkjvkSj lkFk gh lkFk bl rjg ds lqèkkjksa dsfy, t:jh ekudksa ij ppkZ ds fy, Hkhfd;k tk jgk gSA dqN yksx ljdkj ds lkFklkoZtfud futh&lk>snkjh ds tfj, ukxfjdlsokvksa dk futhdj.k pkgrs gSa] tks fd fliQZvuqns'kd ds rkSj ij dke djrh gSaA vU;yksx dgrs gSa] ;g lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZdfo"kerkvksa dks vkSj T;knk c<+k nsxkA

4862 xkaoksa esa LekVZ xkao cukusdh 'kq#vkr dh tk ldrh gSA blesaxzkeh.k tula[;k dk 8-6 çfr'kr'kkfey gksxkA blesa ljdkj mu xkaoksadks 'kkfey dj ldrh gS] tks 'kgjksads utnhd gSa vkSj ftudh tula[;k5000 ls 9999 ds chp gSA

bZ&'kklu ;kstuk dk LoIu lHkh ljdkjh lsokvksadks vke vkneh rd lkekU; lsok miyCèkrkdsanz ds tfj, mlds LFkkuh; leqnk; esa igqapkukgS vkSj mfpr ewY;ksa ij bu lsokvksa dh ikjnf'kZrk]dq'kyrk vkSj fo'oluh;rk lqfuf'pr djuk gSvkSj vke vkneh dh vkèkkjHkwr t:jrksa dksle>uk gSA

4041 laoSèkkfud 'kgjksa] 3894 tux.kukesa 'kkfey 'kgj] 475 'kgjh ladqyu vkSj238617 xzke iapk;r 6]40] 867 xkaoksa dsfy, mÙkjnk;h gSa vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djus dsfy, fd çR;sd ç'kkldh; bdkbZ bZ&'kkflrgksxhA bl y{; dks ikus ds fy, igys lsxzkeh.k baVjusV laidZ t:jh gS vkSj 500djksM+ #i;s dk ctV fMftVy bafM;k igyds fy, fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA la{ksi esabZ&'kklu] ,d 'kq#vkr gS fd ftlds fy,ljdkj igys ls gh çfrc¼ gS] ;g igykehy dk iRFkj gS ftls LekVZ vkokl cukusdh fn'kk esa çkIr djus dh t:jr gS D;ksafdbZ&'kklu ns'k Hkj esa ykxw fd;k tk jgk gS]bls çR;sd fuokl LFkku dks LekVZ cukus dsfy, dke djuk pkfg, u fd fliQZ lkS LekVZ'kgjksa ij è;ku dsafær djuk pkfg,A

4862 xkao esa nl gtkj ls T;knk fuokfl;ksads lkFk LekVZ xkao cukus dh 'kq#vkr dh tkldrh gSA blesa Hkkjr dh xzkeh.k tula[;k

bZ&iapk;r çkstsDV dk bLrsekyLekVZ 'kgjhdj.k ds y{; dks iwjkdjus ds fy, Hkh fd;k tkuk pkfg,Adsaæ ljdkj us ,e&gsYFk vkSj bZ&yfuZaxds ekWMYl fodflr djus ds fy,vkbZlhVh dh mUur rduhdksa dkbLrseky djus dh [kkst dh gSA

blfy, ljdkj dks ;g Li"V djuk t:jhgS fd og bu 'kgjksa esa lHkh fuokfl;ksa dsfy, ewyHkwr lqfoèkkvksa dks miyCèk djkusdh O;oLFkk dSls djsxhA

ljdkj dks u fliQZ orZeku fuokfl;ksa lstqM+h ewyHkwr lsokvksa dh deh ij è;ku nsusdh t:jr gS cfYd ;kstuk dks Hkfo"; esagksus okyh tula[;k o`f¼ ds vuqlkj Hkh<kyus dh t:jr gSA tokgjyky usg: 'kgjhuohuhdj.k ;kstuk ds ,d fgLls ds rkSj ijrS;kj dh xbZ 'kgjh fodkl ;kstuk ds iklHkh 'kgjksa dh Hkfo"; esa c<+us okyh vkcknh


by

OUR RESULTS 2011 Ranks - 4, 20, 27, 35, 36....... 100 (approx)2010 Ranks - 18, 21, 26, 31 .............. 100 more.

2012 : - RESULTS

New Batches Start :

Batch - I

Batch - II

Batch - III

Admission Open : ...

6

YH

- 1

53/2

014

dks ysdj dksbZ fo'oluh; vkdyu ugha gSA ;g gesa LekVZ vkokl ds,d vxys ?kVd ls okfdiQ djkrk gS vkSj ;g fuekZ.k lacaèkh blekgkSy ls okfdiQ djkrk gS vkSj ewyHkwr lsokvksa dks lqfuf'pr djusdh rjiQ è;ku fnykrk gSA

Hkkjr dh tux.kuk] 2011 ds vkadM+ksa ds vkèkkj ij ,d djksM+37 yk[k 50 gtkj tula[;k >qXxh&cfLr;ksa esa jgrh gS] ;kuh Hkkjrdh dqy tula[;k dk 17 çfr'kr Lye esa jgrk gSA ;g çfr'kr vkSjHkh T;knk gksxk tc ge ml 'kgjh vkcknh ds vkadM+s lkeus j[ksaxs tks>qXxh&cfLr;ksa esa jgrh gSA

lky 2011 esa 4041 laoSèkkfud 'kgjksa esa ls 63 çfr'kr esa >qXxhcLrh gksus dh ckr lkeus vkbZ FkhA LekVZ 'kgj vkSj dLcksa dk fopkjbl rjg dh >qXxh&cLrh okyh vkcknh vkSj vukSipkfjd rkSj ijjgus okyh tula[;k ds lkFk dkiQh csrqdk yxrk gSA

'kgjh Hkkjr esa 26 çfr'kr ifjokj ydM+h] miys vkSjdwM+s&dckM+s tSlh phtksa dk bLrseky bZaèku ds rkSj ij djrs gSaA;g ,d LekVZ ,uthZ fodYi ugha gSa] D;ksafd bl rjg ds xansbZaèku dk bLrseky ok;q çnw"k.k iQSykrk gSA fdlh Hkh 'kgj vkSjdLcs dks LekVZ cukus ds fy, ;g lqfuf'pr djuk t:jh gS fdogka dk ewyHkwr <kapk nq#Lr gksA

;g rHkh gks ldrk gS tc rduhd bu dfe;ksa ls fucVus esaenn djsA blfy, 'kgjh Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa] ikuh] LoPNrk vkSj,d vPNs vkokl ls tqM+h nwljh reke t:jrksa esa lqèkkj dh t:jrgksxhA vc loky ;s gS fd dksbZ Hkh bu ukxfjd lsokvksa ds Lrjesa dSls lqèkkj djsxk\

LekVZ iQSlys ysus ds lanHkZ esa] Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa ds fofHkUu vk;keksaij [kkdk cukus ds fy, vkadM+k 'keZukd rjhds ls de gSA bl rjgdk [kkdk fodflr ns'kksa ds 'kgjksa ds lanHkZ esa T;knk O;kogkfjd gSysfdu dgus dk rkRi;Z ;s ugha gS fd LekVZ iQSlys djuk vkSjukxfjdksa dks l'kDr djuk O;ogkfjd ugha gSA NÙkhlx<+ tSlh dqNçns'k ljdkjksa us t:jh çcaèkdh; lwpuk O;oLFkk fodflr djdslkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh dh dk;Z i¼fr esa lqèkkj fd;k gSA jk;iqjesa çR;sd O;fDr dks mldh ilan ds vuqlkj mfpr ewY; dh nqdkup;u djus dh lqfoèkk ds lkFk&lkFk de ek=kk esa lkeku [kjhnus dhlqfoèkk Hkh nh xbZ gSA fofHkUu nqdkuksa esa jk'ku dkMZ ds bl rjg dsbLrseky ls xzkgd larqf"V esa lqèkkj djus esa enn feyrh gSA ;fnHkkjr esa çR;sd 'kgj jk;iqj dk mnkgj.k ekusa rks dkiQh fuank dkf'kdkj cuus okyk lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh dh dk;Z i¼fr esalqèkkj djus esa enn feysxhA blesa ,d rF;kRed lqèkkj ;s Hkh fd;ktk ldrk gS fd bu jk'ku dkMZ dh iksVZsfcYVh çoklh etnwjksa vkSjvar%çns'k çokfl;ksa ds fy, Hkh ykxw dj nh tk,A ;fn ge viusvklikl ns[ksa rks ,sls cgqr ls dne gSa ftUgsa viukus dh dksf'k'kdjds gkykr csgrj fd, tk ldrs gSaA pqukSrh gS bu 'kgjksa dks blLrj rd lqfoèkktud cukuk rkfd buesa c<+rh vkcknh dk jguklaHko gks ldsA ;fn bl pqukSrh dks ikj dj fy;k tkrk gS rks dksbZHkh 'kgj LekVZ cu ldrk gSA �


Åaph Nrksa ij gjh&Hkjh nqfu;k

lat; JhokLro

c iwjh nqfu;k esa ckr gfjrfo'o dh gks jgh gks] nqfu;kds rsth ls [kRe gksrs çkÑfrd

lalkèkuksa dks cpkus dh ckrsa gks jgh gksa rksxzhu gkml dh ifjdYiuk cgqr rsth lsgdhdr esa cny jgh gSA ;kuh ,sls ?kj tksgjs Hkjs gksa] tgka Nrksa ij gfj;kyh ygygk,Atgka Nrksa ls jax fcjaxs iQwy eqLdqjk,aA gjs&HkjsykWu esa eqyk;elh ?kkl gks] dqN NksVs cM+sisM+ ikSèks gksaA ,slh Nrsa gekjs ns'k esa Hkys ghu gksa ysfdu vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksi esa gdhdrcurh tk jgh gSaA ;s ,slh Nrsa gksrh gSa] ftUgsaxzhu VkWi ;k xzhu :iQ dgk tkrk gSA vkerkSjij ge&vki tks ?kj cukrs gSa ogka Nrsa yachpkSM+h rks gks ldrh gSa] ysfdu gksrh ohjku gSa][kkyh&[kkyh gksrh gSa] mudk T;knk mi;ksxugha gksrk ysfdu vkus okys le; esa viusns'k esa Hkh 'kkk;n ,slk ugha gksxk] Nrksa ijgjh Hkjh nqfu;k fn[ksxhA Nrsa dsoy Nrsa ughagksaxhA cfYd ckxhpk gksaxha] [ksr gksaxsa] iQkeZgkmlgksaxs] ftu ij vki pkgsa rks [kwc lCth iSnkdfj;sA bUgha Nrksa ls fctyh iSnk dh tk;sxhAbuls ?kjksa dk rkieku fu;aaf=kr fd;k tkldsxkA dqN ek;uksa esa okrkuqdwyu dk dkedjsaxhA bUgha ds tfj, okVjgkoZsfLVax dk Hkhdke gksxkA

vki pfdr gksaxs ,d Nr ls brus dke]D;k lpeqp Nrsa brus dke dh gSaA gka] lkgcokdbZ Nrsa cgqr dke dh gSaA Hkys vHkh rdgeus budk egRo ugha igpkuk gks ysfdunqfu;kHkj esa de gksrh tehu vkSj i;kZoj.kds çfr tkx:drk us Nrksa dks oks egRoçnku dj gh fn;k gS] tks cgqr igys gks tkukpkfg, FkkA ,slk yxrk gS fd bZlk iwoZ gekjsiwoZt t:j ,slk dqN djrs jgs gksaxs] ftldkurhtk cschyksu ds >wyrs ckx FksA ekStwnk nkSj

esa Hkh tc Nrksa dks u;s rjhds ls ns[kk tkjgk gS vkSj buds egRo dks igpkuk tk jgkgS] rks yxrk gS fd blds ewy esa vkbfM;kdgha u dgha gtkjksa lky iqjkus ;s gSafxaxxkMZu ;kuh >wyrs ckxhps jgs gksaxsA 'kk;n;gh oks fojklr gS] ftlus i;kZoj.kfonksa dksohjku vkSj mtkM+ iM+h jgus okyh Nrksa dks,d u;s vankt esa cny Mkyus dh çsj.kk nhAtc ge xzhu :iQ ;kuh gjh Hkjh Nrksa dhckr djs jgs gSa] rks dksbZ vuks[kh ckr ugha djjgsA ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk esa vc dksbZ u;k ?kjcuokrk gS rks ?kj ij xzhu :iQ dk çkoèkkuj[kuk ugha HkwyrkA oSls gdhdr ;s Hkh gS fd;s gjh Hkjh Nrsa gksrh bruh iQk;nsean gSa fdu;s VªsaM esa cny pqdh gSaA ogka ds vkS|ksfxd'kgj cnyus yxs gSaA cM+s&cM+s dkj[kkuksa dhvkM+h frjNh vkSj likV Nrksa ij ,d ubZ xzhunqfu;k tUe ys jgh gSA

f'kdkxks flVh dks yksx nqfu;k ds lclscM+s vkS|ksfxd 'kgj ds :i esa tkurs gSaAnqfu;kHkj dk lcls csgrj LVhy ;gha rS;kjgksrk gSA lajpuk ds ekeys esa ;s lcls le`¼'kgjksa esa tkuk tkrk gSA gky gh esa dksiugsxuesa o"kZ 2016 ds fy, vksyafid estckuh dsfy, 'kgjksa dk pquko gksus okyk Fkk] rks igysnkSj dh nkSM+ esa lcls vkxs f'kdkxks 'kgj ghFkkA ;s 'kgj vesfjdh jk"Vªifr cjkd vksckekdk x`guxj Hkh gSA bl 'kgj esa fiNys dqNfnuksa esa ,d [kkl cnyko vk;k gSA ;gka dhT;knkrj bekjrksa esa Nrksa ij [kwclwjr ykWucuus yxs gSa] tks i;kZoj.k larqyu esa [kklHkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA dqN lky igys ;gka dses;j fjpMZ fMys us tc 'kgj dh Nrksa esa blrjg ds cnyko dk chM+k mBk;k rks yksxksa dksfo'okl ugha Fkk mudk ;s vkbfM;k 'kgj dksbruk cny nsxk fd oks nqfu;kHkj ds fy,

ys[kd ofj"B i=kdkj gSaA yxHkx <kbZ n'kd ls cgqfoèk fo"k;ksa ij ys[ku dj jgs gSaA izdkf'kr iqLrdsa% ^1857 ls ysdj 1947 os 90 lky]* efyZu eqyjks&Loiu ijh]fØdsV ds pfpZr fookn] LVkj f[kykfM+;ksa dh izse dgkfu;ka vkfnA laizfr ,d jk"Vªh; nSfud ls tqM+s gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

rhoz xfr ls c<+rs 'kgjhdj.k us

èkjrh ij gfj;kyh dk fgLlk

yxkrkj de fd;k rks vc bldh

HkjikbZ gfjr Nrsa cukdj djus

dh dksf'k'ksa gks jgh gSaA ,slh Nrsa

u fliQZ 'kgjksa dh NVk eueksgd

cukrh gSa cfYd Hkouksa ds fy,

okrkuqdwyu dk dke Hkh cgqr

gn rd djrh jgrh gSaA blls {ks=k

fo'ks"k esa o"kkZ dh deh nwj djus

esa enn feyrh gS vkSj tylap;

esa vklkuh HkhA i;kZoj.kh;]

vkfFkZd] lkekftd gj n`f"V ls

gfjr Nrsa vc le; dh ekax

cudj mHkj jgh gSaA bl fo"k;

dks ysdj iwjh nqfu;k esa rjg&rjg

ds iz;ksx gks jgs gSaA ns'k esa Hkh bu

ij vey djus dh t:jr gS

o"kkZ ty lap;

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mnkgj.k cu ldsxkA vc f'kdkxks 'kgj dksyksx mÙkjh vesfjdk dk gjh Nrksa okyk 'kgjdgus yxs gSaA ;gka dh Åaph vV~Vkfydkvksaij Åij cus ikdZ yksxksa dk è;ku viuh vksj[khaprs gSaA buesa ls dqN rks csgn [kkl gSaAelyu f'kdkxks flVh gkWy dh Nr ij cukcxhpk gjs Hkjs eqdqV ljh[kk yxrk gSA gjhNrsa ;gka liQyrkiwoZd Hkouksa ds rkieku dksHkh fu;af=kr djrh gSaA

bu gjh Nrksa ds ckn ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa ;sckr [kwc py fudyh gS fd dsoy ;s t+:jhugha fd vkneh dSlh bekjr cukrk gS] fdruhÅaph cukrk gS] cfYd ek;us ;s j[krk gS fdbekjr ds lkFk oks Nr dSlh cuk jgk gS vkSjmldk dSls bLrseky djrk gSA

Nrksa dh ckr djrs le; gesa vDlj oksiqjkus eksgYys vkSj eqaMsjsa ;kn vk tkrh gSa tks'kke dks xqytkj gqvk djrh Fkha] yksx 'kke dksNrksa ij vkdj mudk vkuan ysrs FksA Nrksa dkgekjs ;gka dkiQh egRo gksrk FkkA ean&eancgrh gok dk vkuan vxj Nr ij [kM+s gksdjugha fy;k rks D;k fd;kA xquxquh èkwi tc buij iQSyrh rks mldh xjekbZ esa cnu lsadus dkyqRiQ Hkh fdruk fujkyk gksrk FkkA bUgha Nrksaij dHkh ikiM+ lq[kk;s tkrs rks dHkh ;s gh Nrsavkleku esa Åaph&Åaph ygjkrh irxksa dkxokg curhA dHkh&dHkh ;s Nrsa vM+ksl iM+kslesa jgus okys çseh ;qxyksa ds fy, fpV~Bhvknku&çnku djus dk Hkh tfj;k gksrh FkhAysfdu vc oks fnu 'kk;n chrh ckr gks x;sAvc HkkxeHkkx ftanxh esa Nrsa HkqykbZ tk pqdhgSa] mldh txg MsfVax us ys yh gS rks fpfV~B;ksads vknku çnku dh txg eksckby ds ,l,e,lvkSj baVjusV ds bZesy us ys yh gSA fygktk NrsavkSj mnkl gks xbZ gSaA ,d rjiQ Nrsa mnkl vkSjrUgk gksrh tk jgh gSa rks nwljh vksj XykscyokfeZax ds vlj ls Hkh ;s vNwrh ughaA

fygktk gjh Nrksa ls T;knk ekdwy dqNHkh ughaA gky ds n'kdksa esa okLrq'kkL=kh]fcYMlZ vkSj uxj fu;kstdksa us Hkh bl vksjè;ku nsuk 'kq: fd;kA osadwoj ifCyd ykbczsjhdh fo'kkydk; Nr dh vksj igys dHkhfdlh dk è;ku gh ugha x;k ysfdu 1985 esabls ,dne cny fn;k x;kA mlds ckn rks20 gtkj LDok;j iQhV esa iQSyh Nr ,dnegh cny xbZA ;gka dk lUukVk ftanxh dseèkqj laxhr esa cny x;kA blh 'kgj esa ,dfo'o çfl¼ gksVy ,slk Hkh gS] tks viusiQy ls ysdj lfCt;ka rd lcls Åij cuk;sx;s iQkeZ gkml ls mxkrk gSA blesa lsc ls

ysdj gjh&Hkjh lfCt;ka] vkS"kfèk;ka vkSj 'kgnlcdh iSnkokj dh tkrh gSA blds tfj,gksVy gj lky lksyg gtkj Mkyj ls dghaT+;knk dh cpr djus yxk gSA ogha tkiku dsVksD;ks esa lcls çfl¼ 'kjkc czkaM gkdqRlq# usHkh dqN ,slk gh fd;k gSA gkdqRlq# pkoyls 'kjkc cukus ds fy, tkus tkrs gSa vkSj ;s'kjkc iwjs tkiku esa [kklh ilan dh tkrh gSAdaiuh us VksD;ks vkfiQl dh fo'kkydk; Nrds mi;ksx dk iQSlyk fd;k vkSj vc oksblesa pkoy dh [ksrh djrh gSA tks pkoy;gka mxk;k tkrk gS mldk mi;ksx 'kjkccukus esa gksrk gSA

lkuÚkaflLdks esa reke cl LVki dhNksVh NksVh Nrsa yrkvksa vkSj csyksa ls xqFkh gqbZfn[ksaxh vkSj mUgha ds chp jax fcjaxs iQwyAcl 'ksYVj ij bUgsa cukus dk [kkl mís';FkkA rkfd ;gka ls tkus vkus okys vius ?kjdks Hkh oSlk gh gjk Hkjk djus dk vkbfM;k;gka ls ysdj tk,aA

yanu esa cgqr ijaijkxr 'kgj ekuk tkrkgSA vaxzst ,d [kkl rjg ds okLrqdj.k dksilan djrs gSa vkSj muesa jguk ilan djrs gSaA,dne lhèkh ÅapkbZ okys nks ls rhu eaftyokys ?kjA likV f[kM+fd;ksa vkSj Nr ds Åijfpefu;ksa okys ysfdu vc bl 'kgj esa Nrsavyx vankt esa cuus yxh gSa] ftu ij NksVsNksVs ykWUl vkSj ÅtkZ lap; dk [kkl [;kyj[kk tkus yxk gSA

nqfu;kHkj esa çfl¼ iQksMZ xkfM+;ksa dkeq[;ky; gS fef'kxu] tgka iQksMZ daiuh dkyack pkSM+k lkezkT; iQSyk gqvk gSA ;gha ls oksnqfu;kHkj esa vius O;kikj dks fu;af=kr djusdk dke djrs gSaA mudh ,d iQSDVªh dh10-4 ,dM+ dh Nr ij igys èkwi vkSj Åijls xqtjus okys foekuksa dk [kklk vlj iM+rkFkkA blls futkr ikus ds fy, mUgksaus bl

yacs {ks=k dks gjs Hkjs ikdZ esa cny MkykAvc ;s ikdZ u dsoy èkwi ls mUgsa cpkrk gScfYd ikl ds ,;jiksVZ ij juvkiQ ds le;foekuksa ds 'kksjxqy vkSj èkq,a ls iQSDVªh dhbl bekjr dh j{kk djrk gSA

f'kdkxks] LVVxkVZ] flaxkiqj vkSj VksD;kstSls 'kgjksa dh rLohj cny jgh gSA cgqrrsth ls ogka Åaph Åaph fcfYMax dh ckyduhvkSj Åijh Nrsa xzhu gksrh tk jgh gSaA vesfjdkvkSj ;wjksi esa ;s lkekU; gSA fLoV~tjySaM dscklsy 'kgj dh rks [kkl fo'ks"krk gh ;gh gSfd ;gka dh gj Nr xzhu Nr gSA vesfjdk dsdqN 'kgjksa esa rks fcYMlZ dks bl rjg dsedku cukus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgkgS] tks lgh ek;uksa esa xzhu gkml dgyk;saA

;wjksi ds dbZ ns'kksa tSls teZuh] fLoV~tjySaMvkSj vkfLVª;k esa bl rjg dh Nrksa dks ykbo:Ýl ;kuh ltho Nrsa dgk tkrk gSA budsfy, dkuwu cus gq, gSaA ;kuh ?kjksa esa xzhu:Ýl cukuk t:jh gks pyk gSA yanu fLFkrfczfV'k dksyafc;k baLVhV;wV vkWiQ VSDukWykWthbl ckr dk vè;;u dj jgk gS fd xzhuNrksa ds O;ogkfjd iQk;ns vly esa D;k gSaA

;wjksi esa xzhu :iQ ySc cu pqdh gSa tkscrkrh gSa fd vki ftl bykds esa edku cukjgs gSa ogka ds fy, vkidks viuh Nr dkikdZ dSls rS;kj djuk pkfg,A mldh feV~VhdSlh gksuh pkfg,A dSls isM+ ikSèks yxk,tka,A lkFk gh ;s Hkh buls vki fdl rjgokVj gkoZsfLVax ls ysdj ÅtkZ iSnk dj ldrsgSaA bu Hkouksa esa gfjr Nrsa rS;kj djus dsfy, [kkl rjg dh rduhd dk bLrsekyfd;k tkrk gSA

dqN i;kZoj.kfon blfy, bls mi;ksxhekurs gSa fd de ls de blh cgkus ls rks'kgjh yksx çÑfr ds fiQj ls djhc vkus yxsgSaA ;kuh mudh fuxkg esa ;s çÑfr dk

& Hkkjr nqfu;k dk ikapoka cM+k dkcZu mRltZd ns'k gSA ns'k cM+s iSekus ij fctyh ladVdk lkeuk dj jgk gS] tks le; vkus ds lkFk vkSj c<s+xkA& ikuh ds lzksr Hkh v{k; ugha gSaA ikuh ds lzksr lhfer gSa ysfdu tula[;k rsth lsdbZ xquk gks pqdh gSA oYMZ cSad dk vkadyu gS fd vxys nks n'kdksa esa Hkkjr us vxjikuh çcaèku ds fy, xaHkhj igy ugha dh rks xgjk ladV iSnk gks tk;sxkA gekjs cM+s'kgjksa esa ok;q çnw"k.k Hkh ,d cM+h leL;k gS& cM+s 'kgjksa esa tehu [kRe gks pqdh gSA ikdZ fxus pqus gSaA yksxksa dks daØhV ds taxyesa rkth gok rd ulhc ugha gksrh gSA& cjlkr dk ikuh O;FkZ pyk tkrk gSA ge bldk dksbZ mi;ksx ugha dj ikrsA

gfjr Nrksa dh t:jr


gfjr Hkou ls 20 ls 30 iQhlnhrd ÅtkZ dh cpr laHko gS vkSj 30ls 50 iQhlnh rd ikuh dh cpr HkhAvke Hkouksa dh rqyuk esa ykxr ikapls nl iQhlnh T;knkA ysfdu ;s ykxrfctyh vkSj ikuh dh cpr ds tfj,nks lky esa iwjh dh tk ldrh gSA

fczVsu es a gfjr Hkou fu;evfuok;Z gS] ysfdu vHkh ;s dsoyljdkjh bekjrksa ;k turk ds iSlksa ijcuus okys Hkouksa ij gSA o"kZ 2010rd ;s dkuwu lHkh ds fy, ykxw gkstk;sxkA vesfjdk ds dqN jkT;ksa esagfjr Hkou dk izkoèkkuA

'kgjhdj.k gS] ftlls HkkxeHkkx okyh 'kgjhthou'kSyh esa ftanxh dks vki çÑfr dsdjhc eglwl djus yxrs gSaA bldk iQk;nkruko ?kVkus ls ysdj LokHkkfod rkSj ijlqdwu nsus esa gks ldrk gSA

Nrksa ij xzhu :iQ rS;kj djus dh çfØ;kesa lcls fupyh ys;j gok;qDr Msd dh gksrhgSA blds Åij tyjksèkh f>Yyh dh ijrgksrh gS] ftlds Åij [kklrjg ds LVksjstdiuqek cSfj;j eSV fcNk;s tkrs gSa] tks Åijls iQSfczd fiQYVj ls fpids gksrs gSaA bruhijrksa dks ,d ds Åij ,d yxkus dk edlnMªsust flLVe rS;kj djuk gksrk gS tks ikuhdks fiQYVj djds lcls uhps ds lrg rdykrk gS vkSj fiQj bUgsa 'kq¼ :i esa HkaMkj.kik=k esa bdV~Bk dj fy;k tkrk gSA ;s MªsustflLVe dsoy ikuh dks fiQYVj djus vkSjuhps HkaMkj.k ik=kksa rd gh igqapkus dk dkeugha djrk cfYd Nr vkSj feV~Vh ds chpbalqysVj dk dke Hkh djrk gSA bruk dqNdjus ds ckn fiQYVj iQSfczd ij feV~Vh dh

lrg fcNkdj ml ij ?kkl vkSj ikSèks cks fn;stkrs gSa vkSj bl rjg rS;kj gks tkrh gS gfjrNrsaA :V cSfj;j eSV~l ls ysdj feV~Vh dsÅijh lrg rd dh dqy ÅapkbZ rhu ls iaægbap rd gks ldrh gSA cs'kd bl rjg dhNrksa dh ykxr vke Nrksa ls nksxquh ls frxquhrd gksrh gS ysfdu yach vofèk esa ns[ksa rks ;su dsoy [kklh lLrh lkfcr gksrh gSa cfYdmi;ksxh HkhA

;s thrh tkxrh Nrs a ges a u spqjyckW;ksykWftdy flLVe ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrh gSaAHkh"k.k xehZ esa daØhV ds taxy esa rCnhy gkspqds 'kgjksa ds edku fdl rjg HkV~Vh esarCnhy gks tkrs gSa] ;s geesa ls fdlh ls fNikugha gS] ysfdu feV~Vh vkSj ouLifr;ksa ls ;qDr;s Nrsa lhèkh èkwi dks jksddj vojksèkd dkdke djrh gSaA tkfgj lh ckr gS fd bllsfcfYMax dk rkieku de gks tkrk gSA bllsfcfYMax dks BaMk djus dk [kpZ djhc chli+Qhlnh rd de gks tkrk gSA vkerkSj ij tc

cjlkr dk ikuh [kkyh Nrksa ij fxjrk gS rksmldh cckZnh gh gksrh gS ysfdu ltho Nrsaikuh dks lks[krh gSa] fiQYVj djrh gSa vkSj fiQjbls èkhjs&èkhjs uhps dks fudkydj LVksj djnsrh gSaA bl çfØ;k ls 'kgj ds Mªsust flLVeij ncko de gks tkrk gS vkSj mldh ftanxhc<+ tkrh gSA lkiQ ikuh Hkh feyrk gSA yanu esalM+dksa ij cjlkr ds ikuh dks jksdus ds fy,,slh ;kstuk,a cukbZ gqbZ gSaA

vkerkSj ij bu Nrksa ij lkSj iSuy yxkusdk fjokt+ Hkh py iM+k gS ;kuh [kqn dkdkiQh gn rd fctyh mRiknu HkhA vcvki [kqn ns[k yhft;s fd ;s Nrsa fdrus dkedh gSaA lCth Hkh mxkb;sA ikdZ dk vkuanyhft;sA bdks ÚsaMyh cfu;sA çÑfr ds djhcjfg;sA Nr dks ijkcSaxuh fdj.kksa ls cpkb;sAÅtkZ dh cpr dfj;sA vkSj lkFk&lkFk okVjgkoZsfLVax HkhA

xzhu :iQ dk çpyu vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksiesa c<+us ds lkFk varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij bldk,d ,lksfl,'ku Hkh cu pqdk gS] tks nwljsns'kksa esa bldk egRo crkus dh dksf'k'k djjgk gSA blds Mk;jsDVj oksYiQxSax valsy dgrsgSa fd vxj ge fdlh fcfYMax ds fy,tehu dk bLrseky djrs gSa rks gesa Nr ds:i esa bls çÑfr dks ykSVkuk Hkh pkfg,A

tgka rd Hkkjr dh ckr gS rks Hkkjr esagfjr Nrsa ;k gfjr Hkou vHkh nwj dh dkSM+hyxrh gSA dqN cM+s 'kgjksa esa bldh igy rksgks jgh gS ysfdu ;s vHkh u ds cjkcj gSAgkykafd ;s ckr lgh gS fd vxj 'kgjhbykds dh ubZ bekjrsa gfjr Hkouksa dh voèkkj.kkdks ykxw djsa rks Hkkjr 3400 esxkokV fctyhcpk ldrk gSA n ,uthZ ,aM fjlpZ baLVhV~;wV(Vsjh) ds çeq[k ukscy iqjLdkj fotsrkvkj ds ipkSjh dgrs gSa vxj ,slk gqvk rksviuk ns'k gj lky 40 gtkj djksM+ #i;srd dh cpr dj ldrk gSA

vHkh ljdkj dk è;ku Hkh bl vksj ughagS ysfdu ;s ckr lgh gS fd fctyh vkSjcM+s egkuxjksa esa ikuh ds ladV ls tw>rs blns'k dks xzhu fcfYMaXl tSlh uhfr;ksa dht:jr gSA bl rjg dh uhfr;ksa ls tgka gefctyh dh cpr dj ldrs gSa ogha okVjgkoZsfLVax tSls rkSj rjhdksa ls ikuh dk vljnkjlap; Hkh dj ldrs gSaA bafM;u xzhu fcfYMaxdkmafly ds çeq[k ,l j?kqifr ekurs gSa fdns'k dks vc gfjr Hkouksa dh t:jr gS vkSjljdkj dks blds fy, VSDl esa NwV dsçkoèkku djus pkfg,A

uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; ds lykgdkjMk- ch canksikè;k; dgrs gSa fd Hkkjr esa cM+siSekus ij gfjr bekjrsa cukuk laHko ughaysfdu cM+s laLFkku ;k ljdkjh Hkouksa esat:j ,slk fd;k tk ldrk gSA og dgrs gSafd cs'kd ,sls Hkouksa dh ykxr T;knk vkrhgS ysfdu dqN gh lkyksa esa vius ÅtkZ cprvkSj okVj gkoZsfLVax tSls rjhdksa ls viuhdher olwy djk nsrs gSaA fcYMlZ dks Hkhviuh ubZ ifj;kstukvksa ij gfjr Hkouksa dsdqN iQhplZ viukus pkfg,A

vkbZvkbZVh esa Hkou rduhd ds ,lksfl,VçksiQslj fo'kky xxZ Hkh dgrs gSa fd gekjsns'k esa lkjs yksx gfjr bekjrsa cuokus dkcks> 'kk;n gh laHkky ik,a ysfdu bafM;kbudkjiksjsV vkSj èkuh yksx rks de ls de,slk dj gh ldrs gSaA mUgsa t:j vkanksyu ds:i esa bldh 'kq#vkr djuh pkfg,A

cs'kd eqacbZ vkSj iq.ks esa ,slh fcfYMaXl dh'kq#vkr gqbZ gSA NksVs Lrj ij yksxksa us gfjtNrksa dh vksj è;ku nsuk Hkh 'kq: fd;k gSA

D;k gksuk pkfg,

ns'k esa gfjr Hkou lacaèkh izkoèkkuksa dkikyu [kkldj ubZ bekjrksa esa vfuok;Z djnsuk pkfg,A ;kfu u;s Hkou gfjr gksa vkSjmudh Nrksa ij yku ;k ikdZ fodflr fd;stk,aA Åaph bekjrksa esa bldk ikyu ,dnevfuok;Z dj nsuk pkfg,A

;s ns[kuk pkfg, fd D;k ge viuhfo'kkydk; bekjrksa dh [kkyh Nrksa dk mi;ksxxzhu cukus esa dj ldrs gSa ;k ughaA cM+sHkouksa] O;olkf;d bekjrksa vkSj dkjiksjsVgkmlsl ds fy, gfjr VsDukWykWth dk mi;ksxvfuok;Z gks tkuk pkfg,A buesa okVj gkoZsfLVax]lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A

vxj dksbZ gfjr Hkou cukrk gS ;k xzhu:Ýl fodflr djrk gS rks VSDl NwV dstfj, mls ljdkj dks jkgr dh O;oLFkkdjuh pkfg,A cM+s fcYMlZ ds fy, ubZifj;kstukvksa esa dqN gn rd blds ikyudks vfuok;Z fd;k tkuk pkfg,A �


YH - 152/2014


t Hkkjr esa 5161 uxj]35 egkuxj] 393 izFkeJs.kh vkSj 401 f}rh;

Js.kh ntkZ izkIr uxj gSaA 20]000 ls 50]000rd dh vkcknh okys NksVs uxj cgqla[; gSaAHkkjr dh 31-16 izfr'kr vkcknh ;kuh 37djksM+] 30 yk[k yksx bu uxjksa esa jgrs gSaAnkok gS fd Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esauxjksa dk ;ksxnku c<+dj 60 izfr'kr gks x;kgSA fo'o cSad vxys nl o"kks± esa ukxjh;;ksxnku ds c<+dj 70 izfr'kr gks tkus dkvkdyu is'k dj jgk gSA fnypLi gS fdbrus cM+s ;ksxnku ds ckotwn gekjs 3]894uxj u fu;ksftr gSa vkSj u gh buesa fu;kstudjus okyh uxjikfydk;sa gSaA

nwljk fp=k ;g gS fd LFkkuh; lalkèku]tut:jr vkSj vkcksgok dh vuqdwyrk ns[kscxSj vkt yxHkx lHkh uxj ,d gh rtZ ijfu;ksftr vkSj fodflr fd, tk jgs gSaA vkdk'kNwrh bekjrsa] LVhy çsQe] pepekrs 'kh'ks okys'kkWfiax dkWEiysDl] ekWy] vkWfiQl] cgqeaftykvkokl vkSj bu lc ds chp mx vk;s LyeAnks 'kgjksa ds chp esa iQdZ djuk eqf'dy gksrktk jgk gSA thou'kSyh vkSj jsLrjka ds ehuw esaHkh ;g iQdZ feVrk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA gj NksVk'kgj vius ls cM+s 'kgj dh udy djus esayxk gSA egkuxj ^oYMZ Dykl flVh* dh gksM+esa O;Lr gSaA lkjk tksj Bksl <kapksa ds fuekZ.k ijgSA <kapkxr ,d:irk dh bl gksM+ ds dkj.kuxjksa dh pqukSfr;ka c<+ jgh gSaA vkcksgok] lsgrvkSj lalkèkuksa ds ladV xgjk jgs gSa vkSjfu;kstu ij loky mB jgs gSaA ,dlkS u;s uxjubZ ljdkj ds ,tsaMs esa gSaA 'kk;n blhfy,buds fu;kstu ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj Hkkjrh;

uxj fu;kstdksa ds ctk; e'kgwj iQzaklhlh uxjfu;kstdksa ds laidZ esa gSA

cqfu;knh igyw

xkSjryc gS fd fdlh Hkh Js"B fu;ksftruxj esa visf{kr cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa dh la[;kU;wure 13 gSa% fctyh] lM+d] ;krk;kr] ikfdZax]euksjatu] f'k{kk] LokLF;] LoPNrk] lapkj] jkstxkj]vkokl] cktkj vkSj lqj{kkA fu;kstu dks izHkkfordjus okys cqfu;knh rRo pkj gSa% dpjk] ikuh]gfj;kyh vkSj HkwfeA vkèkqfud uxj fu;kstu dsle{k is'k vk jgh izeq[k pqukSfr;ka ikap gSa% ikuh]fctyh] HkhM+] dpjk vkSj ikfdZaxA

uxj vkèkqfudrk vkSj vkfFkZd izxfr dsizrhd gSaA fdarq ;fn mDr dpjk] ikuh] gfj;kyhvkSj Hkwfe dk mfpr fu;kstu u fd;k tk;srks uxj D;k] nqfu;k dh cM+h ls cM+h vkfFkZdhfVd ugha ldrhA ;g ckr uxj vkSj vkfFkZdhnksuksa ds fu;kstdksa ds fy, lnSo ;kn j[kusdh gSA ;g ;kn u j[kus dk gh urhtk gS fddpjs us dbZ uxjksa dk dpjk dj fn;k gSAikuh dh vuqfpr fu;kstu ds dkj.k dbZclkoVsa mtM+us dks foo'k gqbZaA cktkj] chekjh]csjkstxkjh vkSj oSeuL; [krjk cudj flj ijlokj gq,A dHkh uxj nks ufn;ksa ds nksvkc esaclk;s tkrs FksA vkt ufn;ka nks vkckfn;ksa dsikV esa iQalk nh xbZ gSaA gfj;kyh dh deh uslkal] lsgr vkSj oSf'od rkieku ds ladVdks dbZ xquk c<k fn;k gSA Hkwfe dh deh lsc<h dherksa ds dkj.k lnkpkj] O;ogkj vkSjlqfoèkkvksa dh txg dbZ rjg ds oxZ la?k"kZ]Hkz"Vkpkj o vukpkjksa us tUe ys fy;k gSAfdlh Hkh uxj ds fu;kstu esa lkoèkkuh dsfy, D;k bruh psrkouh dkiQh ugha\

v#.k frokjh

uxj fu;kstu rc Hkyks] tc u dpjk] gka ikuh

ty ey izcaèku

vk

ys[kd Loraa=k i=kdkj gSA ty izcaèku] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] ou laj{k.k vkfn fo"k;ksa ij fu;fer rkSj ij fy[krs jgrs gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

nqfu;kHkj esa ftruh Hkh laLÑfr;kafodflr gqb±] ty dh miyCèrkmuds fodkl dk ewy vkèkkjjgkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd izkphuuxj fu;kstdksa us uxjksa ds vanj

Hkh ty laxzg.k&HkaMkj.k ofudklh ds chp ijLij rkyesyfcBk, j[kus ij iwjk tksj fn;kAvkèkqfud uxj fu;kstu esa blh

rRo dh deh lcls T;knk [kjkcjgh gSA ns'k ds vfèkdka'k uxj rksvfu;ksftr gSa vkSj egkuxjksa dhgkyr rks vkSj Hkh cqjh gSA ,sls esaHkh le; jgrs uxj fu;kstu us

ty&izcaèku ij xaHkhjrk ls fopkjugha fd;k rks uxjh; thou ds

fy, xgjk ladV mRiUu gks ldrkgSA bl ckr ds izHkko vrhr esa

Hkh feyrs gSa


vuqHko dh lh[k

izfl¼ i;kZoj.kfon o ty lalkèku fo'ks"kKvuqie feJ dh ekusa rks tyfu;kstu esa dehds vuqHko nsojkt bUnz ds le; esa Hkh de ughaFksA fu;kstu esa deh okys ,sls uxjksa dks bUnzviuh o"kkZ ds izgkj ls <gk nsrk FkkA blhfy,bUnz dk ,d vkSj uke iM+k&iqjanj ;kuh iqjksa dks]fdyksa dks] uxjksa dks rksM+ nsus okykA dpjs dsvfu;ksftr fu"iknu us èkjrh ds uhps dk izokgjksdk rks èkjrh us ikuh lks[kus ls badkj dj fn;kAgeus tyfudklh ds ijaijkxr ekxksaZ esa dCtsfd,A vojksèk [kM+s fd, rks bUnz ds izgkj us muuxjksa dks Hkh viuh pisV esa fy;k] tgka igysdHkh ck<+ ugha vkrh FkhA fnYyh] eqacbZ] psUubZ]gSnjkckn ls ysdj Jhuxj x<+oky rdA vr%fu;kstu dh deh ij 'kksd eukus dh ctk;]t:jr nwjnf"V ;qDr fu;kstu dh gSA vuqHkoksa lslh[kus dh gSA

ikuh ls utnhdh % igyh 'krZ

uxj dgka clsA ;g r; djus esa ikuh lsutnhdh fu%lansg ,d izeq[k dkj.k gksrk gSAvuqHko dh ;g igyh lh[k lH;rk dh izkFkfediqLrdksa esa vjls ls i<+kbZ tkrh jgh gSA fot;uxj]

pØ ls cuk;kA txg dk <ky ,slk 'kkunkj Fkkfd lu~ 1367 esa tSlyesj ds jktk ?kM+lhjkoy }kjk cuk;s rkykc ?kM+hlj dk ikuh vktHkh dHkh ugha lw[krkA bldk vkxksj brukfo'kky gS fd ,d vksj dk foLrkj gh 20fdyksehVj gSA gj ckfj'k ls igys jktk [kqn'kkfey gksdj iwjs vkxksj dks lkiQ djkrk FkkA?kM+hlj esa ugkus o eosf'k;ksa dks ikuh fiykusokyksa dks jktk Lo;a nafMr Hkh djrk FkkA

nqfu;k ds izFke uxj fiQyLrhu vkSj bjkdesa FksA mUgksus Hkh viuh LFkkiuk ls iwoZ dbZihf<+;ksa dh t:jr ds ikuh dk bartke fd;kAdq.M cuk;sA gM+Iikdkyhu uxj vo'ks"kksa esa30 ehVj pkSM+h vkSj 25&30 fdyksehVj yachugjsa feyhaA gj rhljs ?kj ds lkeus ,ddqvka feykA flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk bruh lqfu;ksftrFkh fd tyfudklh dh mruh vPNh O;oLFkkds fy, ge vkt Hkh mlds ;kstukdkjksaa ijxoZ dj ldrs gSaA fadrq bl n`f"V ls orZekudh dbZ clkoVsa xoZ djus yk;d ugha gSaA

mtM+h&clh fnYYkh dk vuqHko

fnYYkh] 11oha lnh ds ckn ls fdlh ufdlh 'kkld dh jktèkkuh jgk gSA ckotwnblds ty fu;kstu esa nwjnf"V ds vHkko dsdkj.k bldh vofLFkfr cnyrh jghA lu~ 1020esa ;g vjkoyh dh igkfM+;ksa ij cjls ty dkslatksus okys dq.M ls gksus okyh tykiwfrZ ijfVdk uxj FkkA rc rksejoa'k ds jktk vuaxiky}kjk clk;s bl uxj dk uke LFkkuh; lw;Z eafnjvkSj mldh lhf<+;ksa ls yxs dq.M ds dkj.klwjtdq.M FkkA blds ckn dbZ fnYyh clhaAcrkSj jktèkkuh Hkh fnYYkh us dbZ nkSM+ yxkbZAfnYyh ls nkSyrkckn vkSj nkSyrkckn ls fnYYkhA

lu~ 1052 esa ;equk ls 18 fdyksehVj nwjegjkSyh ds fudV fdyk jk; fiFkkSjk eqxfy;klYrur dk igyh jktèkkuh FkhA 1296 bZ- esavykmn~nhu f[kyth }kjk clkbZ nwljh fnYyhdk dsUnz orZeku fljhiQksVZ Fkk vkSj gkSt[kkl]tykiwfrZ dk eq[; L=kksrA vkcknh c<us vkSjikuh dk ladV xgjkus ij fx;klqn~nhu rqxyd(1320&25) us rqxydkckn dks pqukA ;equkds utnhd gksus ds ckotwn fdys dh lqj{kkdh n`f"V ls igkM+h dks pqukA lkr rkykc]rhu ckofM+;ka vkSj cM+h la[;k eas dq,a cuok;sAtyfudklh ds fy, cuk;s ukys dks vkxjkugj ls tksM+ fn;kA

eqgEen fcu rqxyd us orZeku lkdsr dsikl 64-97 ehVj Åapk lriqyk (iQkVd yxslkr iqy) ls tykiwfrZ lqfuf'pr dj pkSFkhfnYYkh clkbZA uke j[kk & tgkaiukg ;kuh nqfu;kdk iugxkjA lu~ 1325 esa eqgEen fcu rqxydviuh jktèkkuh ysdj rRdkyhu ejkBokM+k esafLFkr nkSyrkckn (iqjkuk uke&nsoxhfj) x;kAiw.kZr% o"kkZ ij vkèkkfjr gksus ds ckotwn nkSyrkcknlpeqp ikuh dh nkSyr okyk bykdk FkkA etcwrgksus ij LFkkuh; 'kkldksa us 1350 esa fnYyh dslwcsnkjksa dks okil fnYyh [knsM+ fn;kA

cqjgkuiqj] gSnjkckn] xksydq.Mk] r{kf'kyk tSlsiqjkrRo egRo ds uxjksa ls ysdj paMhx<] caxyq#]iq.ks] uoh eqacbZ] lkYVysd flVh tSlh ubZ clkoVrd ds fy, txg ds pquko esa ikuh ,d [kkldkjd jgk gSA

Hkkjr esa lcls de vkSlr o"kkZ okys bykdsesa Hkh uxj fu;kstdksa us tSlyesj ds fy, ,slhtxg dk pquko fd;k] tks ioZr Ja[kykvksa dschp fLFkr gSA tgka ehBs ikuh ds vusd lzksrFksA ,d fo'kky dqvka ,slk Fkk] ftlds ckjs esafdaonUrh gS fd mls JhÑ".k us vius lqn'kZu

tyfu;kstu dh uk;kc felky %'kkgtgkukckn

tc ckn'kkgr 'kkgtgka ds gkFk vkbZ rksog ikuh ls tw>rh fnYYkh dks vjkoyh dhigkfM+;ksa ls mBkdj ;equk ds fdukjs fnYYkhxsV ls d'ehjh xsV ds chp ys vk;sA ukej[kk & 'kkgtgkukcknA iwoZ esa clh pkjfnYyh dh rqyuk eas 'kkgtgkukckn dk tyfu;kstu loZJs"B FkkA flrkjs okyh ugj]ugjs iQSt] ugjs cfg'kr] iqy cax'k]pn~njokyk iqy rFkk ckjk[kaHkk ds vo'ks"kvkt Hkh tyfu;kstdksa ds ml 'kkunkjdkjukes dks c;ka dj jgs gSaA

1639 ls 1648 ds nkSjku ykyfdys dkfuekZ.k gqvkA 'kkgtgkukckn clus ds nkSjkugh 'kkgtgka ds ekrgr vyh enZu [kka us;equk ls ugj fudkyhA mls orZeku utiQx<+ds fudV fLFkr fljekSj igkfM+;ksa ls fudyusokyh ,d iqjkuh ugj esa tksM+ fn;kA iqjkuhugj vyoj ls vkus okyh lkfgch unh dsikuh dks ubZ ugj esa Mkyus dk dke djus

nqfu;k ds izFke uxj fiQyLrhuvkSj bjkd esa FksA mUgksus Hkh viuh LFkkiukls iwoZ dbZ ihf<+;ksa dh t:jr ds ikuhdk bartke fd;kA dq.M cuk;sAgM+Iikdkyhu uxj vo'ks"kksa esa 30 ehVjpkSM+h vkSj 25&30 fdyksehVj yach ugjsafeyhaA gj rhljs ?kj ds lkeus ,d dqvkafeykA flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk bruh lqfu;ksftrFkh fd tyfudklh dh mruh vPNhO;oLFkk ds fy, ge vkt Hkh mlds;kstukdkjksaa ij xoZ dj ldrs gSaA fadrqbl nf"V ls orZeku dh dbZ clkoVsaxoZ djus yk;d ugha gSaA

fdlh Hkh Js"B fu;ksftr uxj esavisf{kr cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa dh la[;kU;wure 13 gSa% fctyh] lM+d] ;krk;kr]ikfdZax] euksjatu] f'k{kk] LokLF;]LoPNrk] lapkj] jkstxkj] vkokl]cktkj vkSj lqj{kkA fu;kstu dks izHkkfordjus okys cqfu;knh rRo pkj gSa% dpjk]ikuh] gfj;kyh vkSj HkwfeA vkèkqfuduxj fu;kstu ds le{k is'k vk jghizeq[k pqukSfr;ka ikap gSa% ikuh] fctyh]HkhM+] dpjk vkSj ikfdZaxA


yxhA Hkksyw 'kkg iqy ds ckn uxj vkSjykyfdys dks ikuh fiykus ds fy, ubZ ugjls rhu èkkjk;as fudkyh xbZaA ;g èkkjk;sa Øe'k%orZeku vks[kyk] dqrqc jksM] futkeqn~nhu]iQrsgiqjh] ukoYVh] gtkjhckx] dqnfl;k ckx]iQSt cktkj] fnYyh xsV ds bykds dks ikuhnsrh FkhA dqvkas] nhf?k;ksa vkSj gkStksa dks ikuhls Hkjus dk dke Hkh ugjsa gh djrh FkhaAxkSjryc gS fd 1843 ds 'kkgtgkukckn esa607 dq,a FksA buesa ls 52 esa ehBk ikuh FkkAuxj dk xank ikuh ?kqlus ij 80 dq,a can djkfn, x;sA

xtsfV;j vkWiQ bafM;k ds eqrkfcd vaxzstvk;s rks fnYYkh esa 350 rkykc FksA pkanuhpkSd ls iQrsgiqjh rd dh ugj dc lw[kh]dgha mYys[k ugha ysfdu ;g mYys[k gS fdvaxzstksa ds vkus ds ckn 1890 esa pkjnhokjhokyh fnYYkh esa ubZ ugj dk ikuh vkuk cangks x;kA blh ds lkFk r; gks x;k fdjktèkkuh dks mBdj dgha vkSj tkuk iM+sxkAvkxs pydj yqfV;u dh fnYyh ubZ jktèkkuhds :Ik esa vfLrRo esa vkbZA vkt ge bls ubZfnYYkh ds uke ls tkurs gSaaA

vuqHko% Hkwys dk urhtk ubZ fnYyh

xkSjryc gS fd Hkkjr dh bl orZekujktèkkuh ds ikl ;equk Hkh gS] vjkoyh

cnrj tyfu;kstu dk uewuk % jk"Vªh;jktèkkuh {ks=k

jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k ds :Ik eas iSj iQSykrhfnYYkh lkroha fnYyh gSA yxrk gS fd bllkroha fnYyh esa ikuh dk fu;kstu fd;k ghugha x;kA rkTtqc gS fd ^feysfu;e flVh*xqM+xkao dk fu;kstu djrs oDr lkspk gh ughax;k fd bl txg dh tylalkèku {kerklkr yk[k ls vfèkd vkcknh >syus dh ughagSA dy ;fn vkcknh 25 yk[k igqap xbZ] rksikuh dgka ls vk;sxk\ xqM+xkao dh vkcknhvkt 18 yk[k gSA rkykcksa vkSj tksgM+&tksgfM+;ksaij dCts vkSj mis{kk ds dkj.k tylalkèku{kerk c<us dh ctk; de gqbZ gSA urhtk;g fd èkjrh dk ikuh 75 iQhV ls mrjdj135 iQhV rd igqap x;k gSA dgha&dgha ;gxgjkbZ 400 iQhV dks Nw jgh gSA fctyh dhdVkSrh Ng ls vkB ?kaVs gks xbZ gSA fygktk]vkS|ksfxd vkSj gksVy ifjljksa esa 9]000 cM+srFkk dk;kZy; ifjljksa esa 20]000 NksVs uydwigSaA gj ?kj esa leflZcy gSaA ckotwn bldsikuh ds fy, ykbusa gSaA ekjkekjh gSA

vkdyudrkZ dg jgs gSa fd vxys 10lky esa xqM+xkao dk Hkwty jlkry ij igqaptk;sxkA rc xqM+xkao fctyh&ikuh ds fy,nwljksa ij fuHkZj ,d vkSj ijthoh gksxkAfgaMu vkSj ;equk tSlh ufn;ksa ds nksvkc esafLFkr gksus ds ckotwn tylalkèkuksa ds fu;kstuesa deh ds f'kdkj fnYyh ls lVs uks,Mk]uks,Mk ,DlVsa'ku] xzsVj uks,Mk vkSj iQjhnkcknHkh gSaA gky ;gh jgk rks Hkfo"; esa lewpkjk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k bl deh dh pisV esavkus okyk gSA

tyfu;kstu ds lcd

mDr vuqHkoksa ds ls ,d lcd lkiQ gSfd tula[;k dk fu;kstu] fdlh Hkh uxj dsfu;kstu dh vko';d 'krZ gSA tula[;k dklVhd vkdyu fd, cxSj fd, x;s fu;kstuls rks Hkfo"; esa gj lalkèku de iM+ tkusokyk gSA nwljh ckr tks uxj fu;kstdksa dksfnekx esa Bhd ls cSBk ysuh pkfg,] og ;gfd [kqyh Hkwfe csdkj ugha gksrhA ikuh vkSjvkcksgok dh lqj{kk ds fygkt ls mldkviuk egRo gksrk gSA vr% fu;kstdksa dkslS¼kafrd rkSj ij r; djuk pkfg, dqy Hkwfeesa ls U;wure fdruh izfr'kr Hkwfe [kqyhjgsxh] vfèkdre fdruh izfr'kr ij vHkhfuekZ.k gksxk vkSj fdruh ij dkykarj esa

vko';drk gksus ijA [kqyh Hkwfe esa gfjr{ks=k] dpjk fu"iknu {ks=k vkSj ty{ks=k dschp vkilh vuqikr r; djsaA rn~uqlkj ^okVjfjtoZ*] xzhu fjtoZ* vkSj osLV fjtoZ* tksu dkfuèkkZj.k djsaA uxj ds dkSu ls fgLls esa m|ksx]dkSu ls fgLls esa vkokl vkfn gksa] buds fuèkkZj.kesa vU; dkjdksa ds lkFk&lkFk tylzksrksa dh{kerk vkSj miyCèkrk dk Hkh è;ku j[kk tkukpkfg,A

rkTtqc gS fd ^feysfu;e flVh*xqM+xkao dk fu;kstu djrs oDr lkspkgh ugha x;k fd bl txg dhtylalkèku {kerk lkr yk[k ls vfèkdvkcknh >syus dh ugha gSA dy ;fnvkcknh 25 yk[k igqap xbZ] rks ikuhdgka ls vk;sxk\ xqM+xkao dh vkcknhvkt 18 yk[k gSA rkykcks a vkSjtksgM+&tksgfM+;ksa ij dCts vkSj mis{kkds dkj.k tylalkèku {kerk c<+us dhctk; de gqbZ gSA

dh igkfM+;ka Hkh] iSlk Hkh vkSj flj ijcjlus okyh ckfj'k dk Ik;kZIr okf"kZdvkSlr HkhA blus iqjkuh ikap fnYYkh dsmtM+us&clus ls dqN ugha lh[kkA fygktk]ikuh ds ekeys esa orZeku fnYyh vkt,d ijthoh uxj gSA xaxugj] ;equk] jSuhoSy] VSadj] ty'kksèku la;a=k vkSj vc ikuhds ,Vhe yxkdj ukxfjdksa dh tscksa ijdgj <gkrh tykiwfrZ O;oLFkkA

ty fu;kstu dh n`f"V ls le>us dht:jr gS fd izR;sd unh ds nks rV gksrs gSa &Åapk rV vkSj uhpk rVA unh fdukjs fu;ksftruxjksa dks ;k rks nks ufn;ksa ds nksvkc esaclkuk pkfg, ;k fiQj unh ds Åaps rV dhvksjA unh ds fupys rV ij gksuh okyhclkoV ck<+ dh =kklnh >syus ds fy, lnSoetcwj jgsxhA

unh ds nksuksa vksj clkoVksa dk fu;kstuunh dks vfrdze.k] 'kks"k.k vkSj iznw"k.k dsrhu ikVksa ds chp ihl nsus TkSlk nq"iz;kl gSvkSj rVcaèk unh dh vktknh esa [kyy MkyustSlkA bldk urhtk Hkfo"; esa clkoVksa dks[kqn >syuk iM+rk gSA

lcd ;g Hkh gS fd NksVh&eè;e&cM+hunh dh Hkwfe ls Øe'k% 200] 400 vkSj 600ehVj dh nwjh ij gh LFkkbZ fuekZ.k dk fu;kstufd;k tkuk pkfg,A m|ksxksa dks unh Hkwfe lsikap fdyksehVj nwj gh fu;ksftr djuk pkfg,Auxj fu;kstu ls igys ns[k ysuk pkfg, fdorZeku ,oe~ Hkfo"; eas LakHkkfor vkcknh dht:jr dh tykiwfrZ gsrq LFkkuh; Lrj ijIk;kZIr le`¼ tylzksr gSaA ;fn ,slk ugha gS rksrn~uqlkj u;s tylzksr fu;ksftr o l`ftr fd,tkus pkfg,A o"kkZty lap;u vkSj Hkwtyfudklh dh xgjkbZ dk fu;eu fu;kstu ds[kkds esa loZekU; dkuwu dh rjg ykxw fd;ktkuk pkfg,A

xqM+xkao esa èkjrh dk ikuh 75iQhV ls mrjdj 135 iQhV rd igqapx;k gSA dgha&dgha ;g xgjkbZ 400iQhV dks Nw jgh gSA fctyh dh dVkSrhNg ls vkB ?kaVs gks xbZ gSA fygktk]vkS|ksfxd vkSj gksVy ifjljksa esa 9]000cM+s rFkk dk;kZy; ifjljksa esa 20]000NksVs uydwi gSaA gj ?kj esa leflZcygSaA ckotwn blds ikuh ds fy, ykbusagSaA ekjkekjh gSA


,d iz;kl % gqcyh&èkkjokM+

^izR;sd uxj dk ,d ^Mh,u,* gksrk gSA,d lapsruk gksrh gSA mls mHkkj nks fodflrdj nksA 'kfDr ns nks] mldk vuks[kkiu[kqn&c&[kqn fodflr gks tk;sxkA fodkl esa;fn laiks"k.k pkfg, rks Hkh] LFkkuh; fo'ks"krk]LFkkuh; 'kfDr dks vkSj fodflr djus lsvPNk rjhdk dksbZ vkSj ugha gks ldrkA**

;g mfDr fodkl dk ewy ea=k gSA blsfdlh Hkh laKk&loZuke ij vktek;k tkldrk gSA dukZVd dh ^fV~ou flVhgqcyh&èkkjokM+ bldk vuqie mnkgj.k gSAgqcyh&èkkjokM+ ds rRdkyhu mik;qDr niZ.ktSu (o"kZ 2008&2011) us bl fodkl ea=kdks xq# ea=k ekukA ekStwn [kqyh Hkwfe] igkM+hVhys] >hysa] rkykc vkSj LFkkuh; 'kkL=kh;xhr&laxhr dh lkaLÑfrd fojkLkr dh^Mh,u,* ds :Ik eas igpku dhA ,slk 'kkunkjfu;kstu fd;k fd vkt gqcyh&èkkjokM+ dsizkd`frd lalkèku iwjh rjg lqjf{kr gSaA uxjds ikl t:jr ds ikuh dh dksbZ deh ughaA[kwclwjr >hyksa] Vhyksa vkSj ikdks± ds j[kj[kkoij LFkkuh; uxj fuxe dks ,d iSlk Hkh [kpZugha djuk iM+rkA gqcyh&èkkjokM+ esa fganqLrkuh'kkL=kh; xhr&laxhr o jpuk lalkj ds mRd"kZdk ekSle ykSV vk;k gSA bl iz;kl dks Hkkjr

dkykarj esa ck<+ vkSj fouk'k dk dkj.k curkgSA ;g le>s cxSj fd vlery Hkwfe [k.Mksadks ikVus dh xyrh tyfudklh ds ekxZ esavojksèk iSnk djrh gSA dpjk Hkjuss gsrq txgds pquko eas xyrh ls Hkh Hkwty dk fudklhekXkZ ckfèkr gksrk gSA eqacbZ esa ;gh gqvkA

---rkfd dpjk u gks tk;sa ge [kqn

xkSjryc gS fd fur iSnk gks jgk dpjkikuh gh ugha] lsgr ds fy, Hkh cM+k [krjkcu pqdk gSA [kkldj bZ ;kuh bysDVWªkfuddpjkA ,d lkekU; dEI;wVj dk otu 3-15fdyks gksrk gSA blesa 1-90 fdyks ySM] 0-693xzke ikjk vkSj 0-04936 xzke vklsZfud ukedtgj gksrk gSA 'ks"k IykfLVd gksrk gSA xyrh;g gS fd bZ dpjs esa ekStwn pkanh] rkack]ihry] IysfV;e vkfn dks fcuk jklk;fud'kksèku ds gh [kkyh txgksa esa Hkjk tk jgk gSA

dk;nk ;g gS fd ftl {ks=k esa fcuk'kksèku bZ dpjk Mai fd;k tkrk gS] ogkavxys 15 lky rd dksbZ Hkh clkoV fu;ksftrugha dh tkuh pkfg,A dkj.k fd vxys 15lky rd ml {ks=k esa [krjukd xSlksa rFkkty esa ?kqyu'khy ukbVsªV vkfn iznw"k.k dkmRltZu gksrk jgrk gSA fdarq bl dk;ns dhijokg fd, cxSj] u ekywe fdl iQk;ns dsykyp esa ,sls ySaMfiQy ,fj;k ij Hkh clkoVsafu;ksftr dh tk jgh gSaA bldh otg lsdEI;wVj vkfn ds dy&iqtsZ dkys gksdj [kjkcgks jgs gSaA izfr yhVj ikuh esa 750&1]000feyhxzke ukbVªsV 'kkfey gks jgh gSA fcuk'kksèku ftldh vkiwfrZ tkjh gSA xaèkd ds;kSfxd feydj Hkwfe dh mitkÅ 'kfDr dksu"V dj jgs gSaA ;s lc feydj uxjksa esadSalj] ,ythZ] xHkZikr o raf=kdk ra=k dhchekfj;kas ds ejht c<+k jgs gSaA

vkfej [kku ds Vhoh'kks ^lR;eso t;rs*ds eqrkfcd Hkkjr esa gj jkst dqy feykdjdjhc 1-60 yk[k ehfVªd Vu dpjk iSnkgksrk gSA bl dpjs ds fu"iknu ds vHkh rhurjhds gSa% 'kksèku i'pkr~ fuèkkZfjr ^ySaMfiQy,fj;k* eas Mkyuk] baLVhujsVj esa tykdj u"Vdjuk vkSj daiksLV cukukA vkdyu gS fd;fn dpjs dh mDr ek=kk dk Bhd ls fu"iknufd;k tk;s rks brus dpjs ls 27 gtkj djksM+#i;s dh [kkn iSnk dh tk ldrh gSA 45yk[k ,dM+ catj Hkwfe dks mitkÅ cukbZ tk

ljdkj }kjk o"kZ 2011&2012 esa O;fDrxrJs.kh ds izèkkuea=kh iqjLdkj ls uoktk x;kA

bl vuqHko dk lcd lkiQ gS fd ftlLFkku ij uxj fu;ksftr fd;k tk;s] ml LFkkudh ewy Lo:Ik ls NsM+NkM+ ugha djuh pkfg,Aikuh dh nf"V ls bldk eryc ;g Hkh gS fdogka igys ls ekStwn tyL=kksrksa ds jdcs oxq.koRrk ls NsM+NkM+ u gksA mudk fpÉhdj.ko lhekadu gksA xkSjryc gS fd izR;sd LFkkuesa tyfudklh ds ijaijkxr ekxZ gksrs gSaA buijaijkxr ekxksZa esa fdlh Hkh rjg dk vojksèk

ldrh gSA 50 yk[k Vu vfrfjDr vukt iSnkfd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj nks yk[k flysaMjksagsrq vfrfjDr xSl gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA

njvly] dpjs dk mfpr fu;kstu vkt,d fo'ks"kKrk vkSj dM+s dkuwuksa dh ekax djrkgSA ;fn ge pkgrs gSa fd gekjs uxjksa ds tyL=kksro Hkwfe LkkiQ&LoPN jgsa rks dpjk U;wure mRiUugks] blds fy, ;wt ,.M Fkzks* izofr dks grksRlkfgrdjus okys fVdkÅ mRikn fu;ksftr djasA uhfrxrrkSj ij ekusa fd dpjs dks <ksdj ys tkukoSKkfud vkSj uSfrd nksuksa nf"V ls iki gSA dpjsdk fu"iknu mlds lzksr ij gh djsaA fueZyrkdk loZJs"B fl¼kar ;gh gSA tylzksrksa dks igysefyu djuk vkSj fiQj lkiQ djkus dk vuqHkovc rd efyurk c<+kus okyk gh lkfcr gqvkgSA vkt rktk ikuh ugjksa esa vkSj lhost ds eyvkSj m+|ksxksa ds 'kksfèkr vif'k"V dks ufn;ksa esacgk;k tk jgk gSA uxjh; ukyksa dk fu;kstu ,slkgks fd rktk ty unh esa cgs vkSj 'kksfèkrey&vif'k"V ugjksa esa cgk;k tk;sA

fu;ksftr dkWyksfu;ksa ds fudV muesa dkedjus okys egfj;ksa] liQkbZ dfeZ;ksa] Mªkbojksa rFkkc<+bZ vkfn dkjhxjksa ds fy, vkokl fu;ksftr udjus ds dkj.k unh rV o vU; [kqyh Hkwfeefyu cfLr;ksa esa rCnhy gksrs gSaA ,sls esa efyurkls eqfDr laHko gks rks] gks dSls\ vr% fdlh dhizR;sd fu;ksftr clkoV esa bu vko';d lgk;dksadk lEekutud bartke ,d t:jh 'krZ dhrjg 'kkfey gksA ;g balkfu;r Hkh gS vkSj mfprfu;kstu HkhA �

,d lkekU; dEI;wVj dk otu3-15 fdyks gksrk gSA blesa 1-90 fdyksySM] 0-693 xzke ikjk vkSj 0-04936xzke vklsZfud uked tgj gksrk gSA'ks"k IykfLVd gksrk gSA xyrh ;g gSfd bZ dpjs esa ekStwn pkanh] rkack]ihry] IysfV;e vkfn dks fcukjklk;fud 'kksèku ds gh [kkyh txgksaesa Hkjk tk jgk gSA

Hkkjr esa gj jkst dqy feykdjdjhc 1-60 yk[k ehfVªd Vu dpjkiSnk gksrk gSA bl dpjs ds fu"iknu dsvHkh rhu rjhds gSa% 'kksèku i'pkr~fuèkkZfjr ^ySaMfiQy ,fj;k* eas Mkyuk]baLVhujsVj esa tykdj u"V djuk vkSjdaiksLV cukukA vkdyu gS fd ;fndpjs dh mDr ek=kk dk Bhd lsfu"iknu fd;k tk;s rks brus dpjs ls27 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dh [kkn iSnkdh tk ldrh gSA 45 yk[k ,dM+ catjHkwfe dks mitkÅ cukbZ tk ldrh gSA50 yk[k Vu vfrfjDr vukt iSnkfd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj nks yk[kflysaMjksa gsrq vfrfjDr xSl gkfly dhtk ldrh gSA


aHkkjr esa ;kstukvksa ds le{k pqukSfr;ka

'kgjh fodkl ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dhosclkbV ds y{; dFku esa fy[kk gS fdHkkjr ds fodkl dks fu;ksftr 'kgjh fodklds dSuokl ij fy[kk gksuk pkfg,*A ubZljdkj ds dsanzh; ctV vkSj ;kstukvksa esa,d ckj fiQj ls lqfu;ksftr rFkk lqfoèkktfur'kgjhdj.k dks Hkkjr ds rhoz vkfFkZd fodkldk ekxZ crk;k x;k gSA fodkl ds ,tsaMk esavkèkkjHkwr lajpuk] rduhd vkSj LekVZ 'kgjhfodkl dks lcls Åij j[kk x;k gSA ogha]blh ctV esa] 'kgjh {ks=kksa ds fuEu vk; oxks±ds fy, vkokl rFkk vkoklh; foÙk ds eqn~nsij gy fudkyus dks Hkh y{; esa 'kkfeyfd;k x;k gSA lHkh izkFkfedrk,a rdZlaxr rksgSa] ysfdu ,d cM+k loky ;g gS fd D;kns'k esa ,sls vk;kstd gSa tks 'kgjksa esa O;kIrvR;ar xjhch rFkk vkèkqfudhdj.k ds fy,'kgjh fodkl ij fopkj vkSj lqfoèkk nksuksa esaenn dj ldsa\

Hkkjr esa ^vliQy* 'kgjh fu;kstu vDljdejksa esa xksyestksa ij ppkZ ds eqn~ns ds :Ik esanksgjk;k tkrk jgk gSA 'kgjksa esa vO;ofLFkrvkSj nqyZHk ljdkjh laLFkkuksa ds lkFk jkst+ejkZdh HkhM+] vjktd vkSj iznwf"kr vuqHko 'kgjhvk;kstdksaa dks Bhdjk iQksM+us ds fy, LokHkkfodgh cfy dk cdjk cuk nsrs gSaA bldk gy ,dcsgrj ^Hkfo"; lqj{kk* ;k fodkl ds lghvuqekuksa dks iwjk djus rFkk lerk ds lkFklHkh ds fy, fu"Ik{k fu;kstu esa ekStwn gSA ;gkaHkfo"; lqj{kk ls vFkZ ,slh ;kstukvksa ls gS tksorZeku le; dh pqukSfr;ksa dh |ksrd jgrs gq,,d ;FkkFkZoknh vkSj fo'oluh; rjhds ls Hkfo";

dh vko';drkvksa dks izfrfcafcr djrk gSAvk;kstdksa ds fy, bu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeukdjuk ,d dfBu dke gks tkrk gSA

cM+h tula[;k dh pqukSfr;ka

lky 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj]65 yk[k 'kgjh yksx efyu cfLr;ksa ;k ?kfV;kvkoklksa esa jgrs gSa tks balku ds jgus yk;dugha gksrs gSaA bldk vFkZ gS fd izR;sd ikap'kgjh vkokfl;ksa esa ls ,d vkèkkjHkwrvko';drkvksa rFkk vPNs thou Lrj ls oafprjg tkrk gSA lky 2011 dh tux.kuk ls ;gHkh ckr Li"V gksrh gS fd Lora=krk ds ckn lsigyh ckj Hkkjr ds 'kgjh {ks=k dh of¼ njxzkeh.k {ks=kksa dh rqyuk esa lcls vfèkd jgh gS;kuh vc Hkkjr dh 32 iQhlnh (377 yk[k)turk 'kgjh dsanz esa vkokl djrh gSA lky1991 ls ;g of¼ 31&32 iQhlnh dh n'kdh;of¼ nj ls c<+ jgh gSA ogha] nwljh vksj] lky2001 dh tux.kuk ls efyu cfLr;ksa dhtula[;k esa Hkh 37 iQhlnh dh nj ls of¼ gksjgh gSA

Hkkjrh; 'kgjh <kaps rFkk lsokvksa ij vkbZ,d gkfy;k fjiksVZ (,pihbZlh] ekpZ 2011)ds eqrkfcd] Hkkjr ds vfèkdrj uxjksa esa'kgjh <kaps ij fuos'k esa cSdykWx dk 50&80fgLlk iQhlnh gksrk gSA ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj]lky 2012&2031 dh vofèk esa 'kgjh <kapsds fy, 39-2 yk[k djksM+ #i;ksa ds fuos'kdh vko';drk gksxhA

bldk dkj.k 2011&2012 esa 0-7 iQhlnhjgs 'kgjh <kaps ij gksus okys fuos'k dks2031&32 rd 1-1 iQhlnh rd c<+kuk gSA

mÙkj mnkjoknh 'kgjh Hkkjr esa uxj fu;kstu f'k{kk

jksyh vj.;kpsru oS|

ekuo lalkèku

MkW- jksyh vj.;k ukosZ ;wfuoflZVh vkWiQ lkbal ,aM VsDuksykWth ds vcZu fMtkbu ,aM Iykfuax fMikVZesaV esa Xykscykbts'ku ,aM vcZu MsoyiesaV fo"k; dh ,lksfl,V izksiQsljgSaA bZesy% [email protected]

izksiQslj psru oS| ;kstuk rFkk okLrqdyk fo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh ds funs'kd gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

uxj fu;kstu dsoy fuekZ.k]

lajpuk ;k foe'kZ dk fo"k; ugha

gS cfYd blds fy, rSukrh

fcYdqy vkjafHkd Lrj ij djus

dh t:jr gSA bl Øe esa csgn

egRoiw.kZ gks tkrh gS uxj

fu;kstu ds lacaèk esa f'k{kkA Hkkjr

esa fiQygky uxj fu;kstu dh

f'k{kk&O;oLFkk fczfV'k o

vesfjdh ekWMyksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA

lkFk gh] ;g fo'ofo|ky; Lrj

rd lhfer gSA bl {ks=k esa vfèkd

dq'ky ekuo lalkèku dh

miyCèkrk ds fy, uxj fu;kstd

f'k{kk dks vfèkd izk;ksfxd]

O;kid vkSj O;kogkfjd cukus dh

t:jr gS


;g fjiksVZ crkrh gS fd fuos'k dk cSdykWxdsoy HkkSfrd <kapk u gksdj cfYd 'kgjh{ks=kksa esa iz'kklu vkSj lsok nsus dh t:jr lsHkh lacafèkr gSA

vukSipkfjdrk o vlekurk dh pqukSfr;ka

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk] de ls de 'kgjhHkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk rks ^vukSipkfjd* gh gSAHkys gh] ifjHkk"kk,a vyx&vyx gks tk,aaA lky2009 esa vlaxfBr {ks=kksa esa m|eksa ds fy, cusjk"Vªh; vk;ksx (,ulhb;w,l) ds vuqeku usbl ckr dks udkj fn;k gS fd lky 2004&2005esa ns'k dk 86 iQhlnh jkstxkj vlaxfBr ;kvukSipkfjd {ks=k ls FkkA

vlaxfBr rFkk vukSipkfjd {ks=kksa esa 'kgjhjkstxkj dh ,slh cM+h fgLlsnkjh ds pyrs vfèkdrjckgjh {ks=kksa ds O;ofLFkr rFkk vkSipkfjd uxjksals 'kgjh fodkl gksrk gSA vukSipkfjd Hkwfecktkj] fofuekZ.k rFkk vfu;fer LFkkfud fodklblds Øe esa 'kkfey gSaA

vkSipkfjd rFkk vukSipkfjd ds chp;g varj vkSipkfjd jkstxkj esa vk; dhvlekurk rFkk vfèkdkjksa ds vHkko ds dkj.kc<+ jgk gSA la;qDr jk"Vª Ik;kZokl fjiksVZ dsvuqlkj] Hkkjr esa 1995 ls 2005 dh vofèkesa ;g vlekurk 34 ls 38 iQhlnh (miHkksxij vkèkkfjr fxuh lwpdkad) c<+h gSA (la;qDrjk"Vª Ik;kZokl] 2010)

tyok;q ifjorZu rFkk vkinkvksa dhoSf'od pqukSfr;ka

vlekurk rFkk xjhch us 'kgjh Hkkjrh;ksadks ekuo fufeZr rFkk izkdfrd vkinkvksa dslkeus cgqr T;knk vlqjf{kr cuk fn;k gSA 'kgjrFkk tyok;q ifjorZu ij fo'o cSad dh ,dfjiksVZ (fo'o cSad] 2010) us vuqeku yxk;kgS fd Hkkjr esa nwljs LFkku ij tgka lclsvfèkd tula[;k (30 yk[k) gS tks fupysrFkk rVh; {ks=kksa (,ybZlhtsM) esa jgrh gSA bu{ks=kksa ij tyok;q ifjorZu ls leqnzh ty Lrjds Åij mBus dk [krjk cuk jgrk gSA

ogha] phu esa lcls vfèkd tula[;k ij[krjk gS tgka 80 yk[k yksx fupys rFkkrVh; {ks=kksa esa jg jgs FksA vuqeku gS fd Hkkjresa 70 iQhlnh tula[;k ck<+ ds [krjs okyhtxg ij gS tcfd 60 iQhlnh Hkwdai dsfy, laosnu'khy bykds esa jgrh gS ftldhotg ls Hkkjr dks fo'o esa vR;fèkd vkink

laHkkfor {ks=k ekuk tkrk gS (;w,uMhih] 2014)A'kgjh {ks=kksa esa ?kuRo rFkk HkhM+HkkM+ ds pyrstksf[ke dk Lrj Åapk gSA

laLFkkxr pqukSfr;ka rFkk HkkSfrd fu;kstudh ijaijk

Hkkjr esa 'kgjksa ds Lrj rFkk vuqekfurfodkl ij izeq[k rhu gkfy;k fjiksVksaZ esaHkkjr ds 'kgjh fu;kstu ds fy, izeq[k laLFkkxrpqukSfr;ksa dks mBk;k x;k gSA ;s fjiksVZsa Øe'k%eSd fdUlh Xykscy baLVhV~;wV dh Hkkjrh;'kgjh tkx`fr] 2010 fjiksVZ] ,pihbZlh dhHkkjrh; 'kgjh <kapk rFkk lsok,a] 2011 dhfjiksVZ vkSj] 'kgjh fodkl ea=kky; dh] lrrIk;kZokl ij jk"Vªh; fe'ku fjiksVZ (,u,e,l,p]2010) gSaaA

bu rhuksa fjiksVksZa ls fu"d"kZ fudyrk gSfd Hkkjr esa 'kgjh fu;kstu fo[kaMu] dsanzhdj.kvkSj ,d f?kls&fiVs Hkwfe mi;ksx fu;kstu dsiQksdl ls =kLr gSA ;g fo[kaMu] 'kgjh fodkl]vkokl] vkSj xjhch mUewyu ds lkFk ea=kky;ksa

ubZ igy dh lgh fn'kk esa ,d vPNk dnegS ysfdu 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ks a }kjkfodsanzhdj.k vkSj ,dhd`r fu;kstu rd igqapj[kus ds fy, ;g vHkh cgqr nwj gSA

nh?kZdkfyd rFkk le`¼ 'kgjksa dh ;kstukds fy, vko';d vk;kstu

ljdkj Hkkjr ds fy, ,d ^LekVZ* 'kgjhHkfo"; dh dYiuk djrh gSS] 'kk;n ;g gekjs'kgjksa ds fy, t:jh Hkfo"; lqj{kk dh{kerk dh pqukkSfr;ksa dks izfrfcafcr djus dklgh le; gSA ;gka bl ckr ij cy fn;ktkuk pkfg, fd Hkkjr ds ^lekVZ flVh*ekWMy ;wjksi vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k esa viuk,tk jgs gkbZVsd vorkj rd gh lhfer ughagks ldrsA Hkkjr ds fy, ,d ^LekVZ* 'kgjhHkfo"; dks rduhdh :Ik ls mUur] lkekftd:Ik ls lekos'kh vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls fofoèkgksuk gksxkA

lkekU;tu cuke fo'ks"kK

egRoiw.kZ loky ;g gS fd gesa ,slstfVy dk;Z ds fy, fdl izdkj ds vk;kstudh vko';drk gS rFkk fdl rjg dh ;kstuk,acukuh pkfg,A gkykafd] ckn okyk eqn~nkppkZ ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gS ysfdu ge blvkys[k esa igys eqn~ns ij izdk'k MkysaxsAHkkjr esa fu;kstu f'k{kk] ftldh mRifÙk fczfV'krFkk vejhdh uxj ,oa jk"Vª vk;kstu f'k{kkls gqbZ gS] us ges'kk gh lkekU;tu cukefo'ks"kKksa dh leL;k ds lkFk la?k"kZ fd;k gSA

Lora=krk ds ckn] tc igys uxj fu;kstuvfèkfu;e ykxw fd, x, Fks] rc vk;kstdksadh Hkwfedk jkT; rFkk 'kgjh Lrj ds fu;kstuizkfèkdkfj;ksa eq[; :Ik ls Hkwfe mi;ksx] ftlsuxj] miuxj rFkk {ks=kh; Lrj ij ekLVjIyku dgk tkrk gS] dh rS;kfj;ksa rd ghlhfer FkhA

vk;kstd dks ,d rduhdh fo'ks"kK dhrjg ns[kk tkrk Fkk ftls cgq{ks=kh; rFkk dk;Zjr,tsafl;ksa ls bl rjg dh ;kstukvksa dks le>usdh ;ksX;rk rFkk lekfo"V fuos'k ds lkFkizf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gksxkA ge bl Hkwfedk dks^lkekU;tu Hkwfe mi;ksx vk;kstd* dgrs gSaAtc rd 1991 dh mnkjoknh vfkFkZd uhfrugha vkbZ] 'kgjh fu;kstu dk dk;Z eq[; :Ikls jkT; dh ,tsafl;ksa ds gkFk esa FkkA gkykafd]lkoZtfud dk;ksZa ls ihNs gVuk] fo'ks"k :Ik ls

ds vyxko ls 'kq: gksrk gSA lky 1992 esa74osa lafoèkku la'kksèku ds iz;kstu ds ckotwnvc rd Hkh ;kstuk fuekZ.k dk;Z dkfodsanzhdj.k 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa esa ughagqvk gSA fu;kstu djuk ,d rduhdh dk;ZgS ftls jkT; ds fu;kstu vfèkdkfj;ksaa vkSjfoHkkxksa }kjk rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA ekLVjIyku dh ;kstukvksa fo'ks"k rkSj ij ifjogutSlh vU; cM+h ;kstukvksa dk lesdu izkFkfedgksrk gSA jkT; esa bUgsa vey esa yk jgha,tsafl;ka Hkwfe mi;ksx dh ;kstukvksa esa ;k rkscgqr de fuos'k dj jgh gSa ;k dj gh ughajghaA xjhcksa ds fy, vkokl] LokLF;] f'k{kkvkfn tSls lkekftd fodkl ds y{; fo'ks"kfoHkkxksa }kjk fu;ksftr fd, tkrs gSa] tks cM+h;kstukvksa esa leUo; ugha djrs gSaA Tkokgjyky usg: jk"Vªh; 'kgjh uohdj.k fe'ku(ts,u,u;wvkj,e) tSls dk;ZØe ljdkj dh

74osa lafoèkku la'kksèku ds iz;kstuds ckotwn vc rd Hkh ;kstuk fuekZ.kdk;Z dk fodsanzhdj.k 'kgjh LFkkuh;fudk;ksa esa ugha gqvk gSA fu;kstu djuk,d rduhdh dk;Z gS ftls jkT; dsfu;kstu vfèkdkfj;ksaa vkSj foHkkxksa }kjkrS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA


vkoklh; rFkk Hkwfe fodkl tSls {ks=k tksmnkjhdj.k ds ckn O;kid rFkk drkZvksa dhvyx&vyx igqap ds lkFk c<+ x, FksA

futh laifÙk fuekZrk] lkoZtfud&futhlk>snkjh] varjkZ"Vªh; fj;y ,LVsV Iys;lZ] is'ksojijke'kZnkrk] ,dy vkS|ksfxd fodkl ,tsafl;ka]futh lsok rFkk cqfu;knh lqfoèkk iznkrk vkSjukxfjd lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ tSls xSj&ljdkjhlaxBu vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu 'kgjh fodklds fgrèkkjdksa esa ls gSa tks vk;kstdksa ds lkFkjkstxkj vkSj dk;Z djrs gSaA

gkykafd] ;s lHkh fgrèkkjd 'kgjh fodkldh fn'kk dh vksj vxzlj gSa] yksd fu;kstu,tsafl;ka vc Hkh ikap ls nl ekLVj IykurS;kj djrh gSaA Hkwfe mi;ksx dk ;g :Ik yacsle; ls fo'o rFkk mnkjokn jk"Vª tSls fczVsuvkSj uhnjySaM ds fgLlksa ls iwjh rjg ls vyxgks pqdk gSA bldh ctk, HkkSfrd fodkl dsfy, j.kuhfrd vkSj cgq{ks=kh; ;kstukvksa dkfuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA

ifj;kstukvksa ds vkèkkj ij LFkkuh; fudk;ksads lkFk le>kSrs ij futh Hkwfe ekfydksa vkSjfuekZrkvksa }kjk gh HkkSfrd fu;kstu fd;ktkrk gSA dsoy uxj Lrjh; fu;kstu gh Hkwfemi;ksx vkSj <kapkxr fu;kstu ds lkFk lesfdrgksrk gS tks cM+s Lrj ij Hkwfe mi;ksx rFkk'kgjh <kaps dks fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA

cgq{ks=kh; rFkk var% fo"k; tSlh iz.kkfy;ksaesa vk;kstd ^j.kuhfrd vk;kstd* ls ysdjîs'ksoj rdhuhdh vk;kstd*] îfj;kstukvk;kstd* ls ysdj ^'kgjh izcaèkd* vkSj^fgek;rh vk;kstd* rd dh vyx&vyxHkwfedk,a fuHkkrk gS tks lekt ds vR;fèkddetksj #>ku dk izfrfufèkRo djrk gSA

jkT;] cktkj rFkk ukxfjd lekt vk;kstd

74osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 1992(lh,,) dk y{; 'kgjh fu;kstu ds dk;Zdks jkT; ls ysdj 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dslcls fupys Lrj] ftls ^FkMZ fV;j* ds ukels Hkh tkuk tkrk gS] rd fodsanzhd`r djukgSA bl 74osa lafoèkku la'kksèku esa dsoylafoèkku dh 12oha vuqlwph esa oftZr dk;ks±ds fodsanzhdj.k dh fliQkfj'k dh xbZ gSftuesa 'kgjh fu;kstu Hkh ,d gSA ifj.kkeLo:Ik;g lafoèkku la'kksèku dsoy jkT; ljdkjksa}kjk gh vkaf'kd :Ik ls ykxw fd;k x;k gSogha blesa yxHkx fdlh rjg ds foÙkh;

gLrkarj.k dks ugha j[kk x;k gSA'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dh {kerk dks

lqn`<+ djus ds fy, ts,u,u;wvkj,e rFkkvU; dk;ZØe lgh fn'kk esa dne gSa ysfduvfèkdrj LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds ikl vc Hkhfu;kstu miØe dks cM+s iSekus ij ykus dsfy, ekuo lalkèkuksa dh deh gSA LFkkuh;fudk;ksa dh {kerk dks c<+kus ds fy,lkoZtfud&futh lk>snkjh ,d csgrj fodYicuk gS ysfdu de jktLo lzksrksa rFkk foÙkh;gLrkraj.k ds u gksus ds pyrs ;g cktkjdrkZvksa ds fy, bls vykHkdkjh lkSnk cuknsrk gSA rhu izeq[k fjiksVksZa dh fliQkfj'kksa dsvuqlkj] fuokZfpr ljdkj ds fy, ;g t:jhgS fd og tYn ls tYn fu;kstu rFkk fu;kstudh ftEesnkjh dks fuEure Lrj rd laLFkkxr<kaps dk iquxZBu djsA

lu~ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj] ns'kesa 7000 vfèkdr dLcs rFkk 626 ftys vkSj

lkFk gh rqyuk dh tk ldrh gSA (la;qDrjk"Vª Ik;kZokl] 2013) fczVsu tSls fodflrns'k esa izfr ,d yk[k 'kgjh yksxksa ij 37-63yk[k vk;kstd (vkbZchvkbZMh] 2013) gaSAtSlk fd Li"V gS fd ns'k esa fofHkUu Lrjksa ijjkT; laLFkkxr lajpuk dh ,d cM+h deh gSA

uxjksa dks lqpk: cukus ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZigyw ;kstukvksa dk ykxw gksuk rFkk mu ij ut+jj[kuk gSA îzcaèku* ds bl igyw ij ,pihbZlhdh fjiksVZ us izdk'k Mkyk gS tks 'kgjh izcaèkufo'ks"kKksa dks jk"Vªh; Lrj ds pkj 'kgjh izcaèkulaLFkkuksa }kjk izf'k{k.k fn, tkus ij cy nsrk gSA

'kgjh izcaèkdksa dh eq[; Hkwfedk lsokforj.k ,tsafl;ksa] futh cqfu;knh lqfoèkkçnkrkvksa vkSj flfoy lkslkbVh laxBuksa dschp leUo; vkSj lg;ksx ij è;ku dsafærdjus dh gksxhA LekVZ 'kgjksa* esa 'kgjh izcaèkdksadh Hkwfedk vkSj tfVy gks tk,xh ;fn ekStwnk'kgjksa esa rduhdh <akps ds mPp Lrj dksHkkSfrd rFkk laLFkkxr :Ik ls ifjdfYirfd;k tk,A

;|fi] vk;kstdksa dks dsoy lkoZtfudlaLFkkuksa esa gh HkrhZ ugha fd;k tkrk cfYdbUgsa lcls T;knk yqHkkou vkSj dke djus dsokrkoj.k Okkys futh laLFkkuksa esa Hkh j[kktkrk gSA 'kgjh fu;kstu vkSj fodkl esalkoZtfud&futh lk>snkjh vkSj futh fgLlsnkjksadh lfØ; Hkwfedk ds lkFk fo'ks"k rkSj ijfj;y ,LVsV vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps esa fu;kstuis'ksoj lkoZtfud {ks=kksa rFkk cktkj esa cgqrvueksy gks x, gSaA futh {ks=k dh bl c<+rhekax ds lkFk] udnh ds fy, etcwj 'kgjhLFkkuh; fudk;ksa dks bl {ks=k esa nqYkZHk ekuolalkèku ds fy, izfrLièkkZ djuk ,d dfBudke gksxkA blds nks vFkZ gSa&igyk vk;kstdksadh la[;k ds lacaèk esa gS ftUgsa f'kf{kr djusdh vko';drk gksrh gS ysfdu lcls egRoiw.kZvk;kstdksa dk izdkj gSA

vk;kstdksa ds ikjaifjd Hkwfe mi;ksx rFkkHkkSfrd fu;kstu dh ikjaifjd Hkwfedk ds ijsis'ksoj Hkwfedk dks tYn ls tYn ns[ks tkusdh vko';drk gSA ,dhd`r Hkwfe mi;ksxrFkk <kapkxr fu;kstu] ifj;kstuk vkèkkfjrn`f"Vdks.k ds lkFk dke djus dh {kerk tksnh?kZdkfyd rFkk cM+s iSekus ij fu;kstu dsfoijhr gks] varj laxBukRed leUo; dsfy, Kku vkSj dkS'ky ds lkFk&lkFk foÙkh;rFkk izcaèku ds igyqvksa dh tkx:drk

6]00]000 yk[k xkao gSaA ;fn 73oka lafoèkkula'kksèku (xzke iapk;rksa ds dk;ksZa ds fodsanzhdj.kls lacafèkr) rFkk 74osa lafoèkku la'kksèku dksiwjh rjg ls vey esa yk;k tk, rks izR;sd'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk; ds lkFk&lkFk ljdkjhLrjksa ij Hkh vk;kstdksa dh t:jr le>htk,xhA orZeku esa] jkT; fu;kstu foHkkx rFkkjk"Vªh; fu;kstu foHkkx rd Hkh is'ksoj o ;ksX;vk;kstdksa dh deh dk lkeuk dj jgs gSaA

H k k jr h; uxj fu; k std l a LF k ku(vkbZVhihvkbZ)] ,slk laLFkku tks is'ksojvk;kstdksa dks ekU;rk nsrk gS] ds vuqlkj]2013 esa Hkkjr ds ikl 2]899 lg lnL; FksA;g vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd dqy vk;kstdkssadh la[;k 5000 gks ldrh gSA vkadM+ksa dhckr dh tk, rks] Hkkjr esa izfr ,d yk[k'kgjh yksxksa ij dsoy 1-32 vk;kstd gh gSaAbl fuEu vkadM+s dh vÚhdk ds lcls xjhcns'kksa tSls ;qxkaMk] ekyh rFkk ratkfu;k ds

Hkkjr esa izfr ,d yk[k 'kgjhyksxksa ij dsoy 1-32 vk;kstd gh gSaAbl fuEu vkadM+s dh vÚhdk ds lclsxjhc ns'kksa tSls ;qxkaMk] ekyh rFkkratkfu;k ds lkFk gh rqyuk dh tkldrh gSA fczVsu tSls fodflr ns'k esaizfr ,d yk[k 'kgjh yksxksa ij 37-63yk[k vk;kstd gaSA


vk;kstdksa ds fy, ,d dfBu dk;Z gSA Hkysgh] jkstxkj ds fy, ;g muds Lo;a }kjk pqukx;k {ks=k gksA lkoZtfud fu;kstu rFkk cktkjesa fuos'k ds voljksa ds fy, vkoklh; {ks=k,d mHkjrk gqvk ogu ;ksX; izkFkfed {ks=kgSA tSlk fd ,ethvkbZ dh fjiksVZ esa laHkkouktrkbZ xbZ gS fd is'ksoj rFkk foÙkh; lalkèkuksads fy, ns'k esa ekStwn fo'kky vkoklh; [kkbZdks de djus dh t:jr gSA

vleku rFkk lhfer lalkèkuksa okyh mHkjrhgqbZ vFkZO;oLFkk esa] flfoy lkslkbVh laxBuksadh Hkwfedk tksf[ke Hkjh gSA ftl izdkj bls^r`rh;d {ks=k* dgk tkrk gS] ;g 'kklu dsvkSipkfjd ra=k ds ckgj lsok forj.k dsvarj dks iwjk djus ds lkFk&lkFk buvkSipkfjd ra=kksa esa gkf'k;s ij ekStwn yksxksa dsfgrksa dk izfrfufèkRo djrk gSA

Lkwpuk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e rFkk tufgr;kfpdk,a nks ,sls lkèku gSa tks jkT; ls ikjnf'kZrkdss fy, ekax ds lkFk fof'k"V lewgksa ds fgrksads laj{k.k ds fy, ukxfjd lekt }kjk lclsvfèkd bLrseky fd, tkrs jgs gSaA bl izdkjds laxBuksa ds lkFk dke djus okys v;kstd^iSjksdkj vk;kstd* dk dke djrs gSa ftudklekt esa uSfrd vkSj ewY; vkèkkfjr in gksrkgS vkSj os muds vfèkdkjksa rFkk fgrksa dh ckrdjrs gSa tks vkSipkfjd laLFkkuksa ls csn[kygksdj gkf'k, ij gSaA bl izdkj] gekjs 'kgjksaesa vlekurk rFkk vukSipkfjdrk ds iSekusdks ns[krs gq, LFkk;h rFkk ^LekVZ* 'kgjhHkfo"; ds fy, cktkj rFkk flfoy lkslkbVhdks la;qDr :Ik ls lfØ; gksdj fu;kstudjus dh t:jr gSA

Hkkjr esa fu;kstu f'k{kk dk Lrj

Hkkjr esa 1950 ds n'kd esa 'kgjh fu;kstuf'k{kk dk vkjaHk gqvk FkkA ;g LukrdksÙkj Fkk;k eq[; :Ik ls vkfdZVsDVDV~l] bathfu;fjaxvkSj blds vykok Hkwxksy] vFkZ'kkL=k vkSjlekt'kkL=k esa LukrdksÙkj ds cjkcj FkkA

cSpyj vkWiQ Iykfuax (ch-Iyku) dkikB~;Øe yxHkx 25 lky igys 'kq: fd;kx;k FkkA orZeku esa] 18 laLFkkuksa esa ekLVlZvkWiQ Iykfuax rFkk vkB laLFkkuksa esa ch- IykuikB~;Øe i<+k;k tkrk gSA bu 18 laLFkkuksa esach-Iyku dh 200 lhVsa gSa tcfd ekLVlZvkWiQ Iykfuax esa 500 lhVsa gSaA

ekLVlZ vkWiQ Iykfuax esa 'kgjh rFkk {ks=kh;]

ifjogu] ewyHkwr <akpk vkSj Ik;kZoj.k fu;kstutSlh fo'ks"kKrk esa ikB~;Øe i<+k, tkrs gSaA blle; Hkkjr esa] 5000 vk;kstd gSa vkSj bls2031 rd 1]60]000 vk;kstdksa dh vko';drkgS (Jh bZ,iQ,u fjcsfj;ks dh vè;{krk esaVkmu Iykfuax rFkk vkfdZVsDpj esa f'k{kk ijuhfr ds fy, fo'ks"kKksa dh lfefr)A bl izdkjvkSlru] Hkkjr dks vxys 20 lkyksa rd gjlky 8]000 vk;kstdksa dh t:jr gSA

Hkkjrh; uxj fu;kstd laLFkku us Iykfuaxesa Lukrd rFkk LukrdksÙkj Lrj ds ikB~;Øeds fy, ,d ekWMy rS;kj fd;k gSA cSpyjvkWiQ Iykfuax ,d pkj o"kZ dk dk;ZØe gSftlesa 40 var% fo"k;h fo"k;ksa dks 'kkfeyfd;k x;k gS ftudk mís'; vk;kstdksa dksbl izdkj f'kf{kr djuk gS fd os fofoèkokrkoj.kksa esa dke dj ldsaA

gkykafd] dk;ZØe ds O;kogkfjd ?kVdvHkh Hkh eq[; :Ik ls HkkSfrd fu;kstu dh vksjvxzlj gSa tks Nk=kksa dks fofHkUu HkkSfrd iSekuksatSls fLFkfr ;kstuk,a] {ks=kh; ;kstuk,a] ekLVjIyku vkfn ij Hkwfe mi;ksx ;kstukvksa ds fy,izf'kf{kr dj jgk gSA fo'ks"kKrk izkIRk LukrdksÙkj;k ,e Vsd esa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ls Lukrd djpqds Nk=kksa dks nks o"kZ ds fy, Iykfuax esap;fur fo"k; ij izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA

bl fl¼kar dk ,d vU; igyw dk;ZØeesa dkS'ky larqyu ij izdk'k Mkyrk gSA ;|fi]Lukrd rFkk LukrdksÙkj ds ikB~;Øeksas dksbl izdkj rS;kj fd;k x;k gS fd leL;kvkèkkfjr vè;;u rFkk okLrfod thou lstqM+h ifj;kstukvksa esa LVwfM;ks vH;kl ijdke ds }kjk Nk=kksa dks fl[kk;k tk ldsAfu;kstu f'k{kk esa dkS'ky vk;keksa] fo'ks"k :Ikls lkoZtfud vk;kstdksa dh fo'kky izR;kf'krekax ds lkFk tks LFkkuh; 'kgjh fudk;ksa esaO;kogkfjd fu;kstu ds lkFk dke dj jgsgksaxs] ds iqu% fujh{k.k dh t:jr gSA

;g iz'u Hkh mBk;k tk ldrk gS D;kdsoy fo'ofo|ky; Lrj dh fu;kstu f'k{kkfn;k tkuk gh bl O;olk; esa ekuo lalkèkudks c<+kus dk ,dek=k rjhdk gSA fu;kstulaLFkkuksa esa igys ls dke dj jgs is'kojksa dsfy, O;kolkf;d f'k{kk vkSj lrr f'k{kkmudh dk;Z{kerk dks c<+kus esa vkSj ennxkjlkfcr gks ldrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ukosZesa] fu;kstu f'k{kk fo'ofo|ky; vkSj rrh;dO;kolkf;d Ldwy* dgs tkus okys nksuksa Lrjksa

ij esa nh tkrh gS tks Hkkjr esa rduhdhikWyhVsDuhd ds cjkcj gSA

Hkkoh dne&^LekVZ* 'kgjh Hkfo"; ds fy,fu;kstu f'k{kk ds egRoiw.kZ mik;

fu"d"kZ ds rkSj ij geus bu izeq[k mik;ksadh igpku dh gS ftUgsa Hkkjr esa fu;kstuf'k{kk dk ekxZn'kZu djuk pkfg,&1- vfèkd 'kgjh vk;kstd gksa& gekjs 'kS{kf.kd

laLFkkuksa ls tks vk;kstd rS;kj fd, tkjgs gSa mudh la[;k dks ekax ds vuqlkjvkSj c<+kuk gksxkA ;s 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkufuth rFkk lkoZtfud dksbZ Hkh gks ldrsgSa ysfdu buesa dBksj xq.koÙkk ij fu;a=k.kvko';d gSA

2- jkT;] cktkj rFkk flfoy lkslkbVh dsvk;kstd& ;gka ,sls rhu izdkj ds {ks=kksadh igpku djuk vko';d gS ftuesavk;kstd vyx&vyx Hkwfedkvksa esadk;Zjr gSaA blh ds vuqlkj fu;kstu f'k{kkesa foofèkrk yk, tkus dh t:jr gSA

3- 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds izR;sd Lrj ijvk;kstdksa dks f'kf{kr djuk& 74osa lafoèkkula'kksèku vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj fu;kstuds dk;ksZa dk fodsanzhdj.k vifjgk;Z gSrFkk fu;kstu f'k{kk ds t+fj, vk;kstdksadks fofHkUu Lrjksa ij t:jh dkS'ky rhuLrjh; iz.kkyh ds varxZr izf'k{k.k dslkFk izfrfØ;k djuh gksxhA

4- lkekU;tu rFkk fo'ks"kK vk;kstdksa dklarqyu& lkekU;tu rFkk fo'ks"kK nksuksavk;kstdksa dks izf'kf{kr djus ds fy,fu;kstu f'k{kk rFkk ikB~;Øeks a dkiquewZY;kadu djuk gksxkA bl lacaèk esa]lS¼kafrd cuke O;kogkfjd dkS'kyvkèkkfjr izf'k{k.kksa ij Hkh O;kid ppkZfd, tkus dh Hkh t:jr gSA

5- vfèkd uxj izcaèkd& 'kgjh fodkl esalfØ; cqfu;knh <kaps rFkk drkZvksa dhcgqyrk ds lkFk] dq'ky vkSj izHkkoh 'kgjhiz'kklu ds fy, izcaèku ds igyw t:jhgSaA bu Hkwfedkvksa dks fuHkkus ds fy,fof'k"V uxj izcaèkdksa dks f'kf{kr fd;ktkuk t:jh gSA

6- HkkSfrd ls ,dhd`r ;kstuk cukus ds fy,vk;kstdksa ds nk;js dk foLrkj&Hkwfe



rhoz 'kgjhdj.k vkSj Hkfo"; dh rS;kjh

xkSjo dqekj

jr xkaoksa dk ns'k gS] ;g mfDrvc chrh ckr gksrh tk jghgSA orZeku esa 'kgjksa dh vkcknh

vkSj 'kgjksa dh c<+rh la[;k ls bl rF; dhiqf"V gksrh gSA o"kZ 2001 esa tc Hkkjr dhdqy tula[;k 102 djksM+ Fkh ml le;'kgjh vkcknh djhc 28 djksM+ FkhA ogha tc2011 dh tux.kuk esa Hkkjr dh vkcknh121 djksM+ igqaph rks 'kgjksa dh vkcknh c<+dj 37 djksM+ ds vkadM+s dks Nw jgh gSAvuqeku gS fd 2030 rd ;g 'kgjh vkcknhc<+ dj 57 djksM+ rd igqap tk;sxhA blhçdkj o"kZ 2001 esa tgka Hkkjr esa 'kgjksa dhdqy la[;k 5161 Fkh ogha ;g 2011 esac<+dj 7936 gks xbZA 'kgjhdj.k dh rhozçfØ;k dks ns[krs gq, ;g lgt vanktk yxk;ktk ldrk gS fd Hkfo"; esa bl la[;k esa vkSjc<+ksrjh gksxhA 'kgjksa dh c<+rh tula[;k dslkFk gh gesa 'kgjh çcaèku dh vksj rsth lsmUeq[k gksuk iM+sxk] D;ksafd vkt Hkh ge'kgjksa dk çcaèku leqfpr <ax ls ugha dj ikjgs gSaA blds ihNs dk ,d ek=k dkj.k ;ghgS fd ge 'kgjh lajpuk dks csgrj cukus dsçfr xaHkhj ugha gq, gSaA

vkS|ksxhdj.k vkSj jkstxkj ds u, voljksaus 'kgjhdj.k o 'kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u dhço`fr dks c<+k;k gSA blds lkFk gh dbZ rjgdh leL;k,a Hkh iSnk gqbZ gSaA 'kgjksa esa LoPNis;ty] vkokl] fpfdRlk] ifjogu] egaxkbZtSlh c<+rh leL;kvksa us ekuoh; xfjek dksHkh gkf'k;s ij j[k fn;k gSA Hkkjr dk dksbZHkh ,slk 'kgj ugha gS tgka 24 ?kaVs LoPNis;ty ;k fctyh dh vkiwfrZ gksrh gksA lkFkgh 'kgjksa esa jgus okys yksxksa dh vkoklh;O;oLFkk bruh n;uh; gS ftls fdlh Hkh

gkyr esa ekuoh; xfjek ;qDr ugha dgk tkldrk gSA dbZ 'kgjksa esa 10&20 yksx ,d ghdejs esa ,d lkFk jgus dks foo'k gSaA ns'kdh vkfFkZd jktèkkuh eqacbZ dk gky rks vkSjcqjk gSA Hkkjr ds vkSlr 'kgjh ifjokj 117oxZ iQhV ds ?kj esa jgus dks foo'k gSA eqacbZesa tula[;k dk ?kuRo 27209 oxZ fdyksehVjçfrO;fDr gS tcfd yUnu tSls 'kgjksa esa ;gdsoy 1200 O;fDr çfr oxZ fdyksehVj gSA

'kgjhdj.k dh çfØ;k dks c<+kus O;kidLrj ij tehu dk vfèkxzg.k djds fo'kkyvkSj cM+s cM+s ekWy rFkk vkoklh; dkWEIysDlcuk, tk jgs gSaA blds fy, vfèkx`fgr tehuesa oSlh Hkh tehu gS tks Ñf"k dk;Z ds fy,gSA foMacuk gS fd ,d rjiQ yksx cqfu;knhlqfoèkkvksa ls oafpr gSa vkSj nwljh vksj blçdkj ds vkSj 'kgjksa dks csrgk'kk fodflrfd;k tk jgk gSA blls mith leL;k,a vkusokys fnuksa esa vkSj Hkh tfVy gksaxhA Hkkjr ds'kgjksa esa tgka ikuh dh çfr O;fDr ekax 150yhVj gS ogha eqacbZ tSls 'kgjksa esa bldhmiyCèkrk dsoy 35 yhVj gSA fopkj.kh;fcanq ;g gS fd c<+rh vkcknh vkSj lalkèkuksaij c<+rs cks> dks <ksus ds fy, 'kgj fdrusrS;kj gSa\

'kgjhdj.k dh ço`fÙk

1 ekpZ] 2011 dks 12102 yk[k dh dqytula[;k esa ls yxHkx 3771 yk[k 'kgjh{ks=kksa dh gSA vafre nl o"kZ esa 'kgjh {ks=k esatula[;k dh dqy o`f¼ 910 yk[k gqbZ gSAns'k dh dqy tula[;k dk 'kgjh tula[;k31-6 çfr'kr gSA 2001&2011 ds nkSjku ns'kesa 'kgjh tula[;k ds vuqikr esa 3-35 çfr'krvadksa dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA 2011 dh tux.kuk

Hkk

ys[kd uhfrxr ekeyksa dh ,d izfrf"Br 'kksèk laLFkk ls tqM+s gSaA lkekftd&vkfFkZd eqn~nksa ij fofHkUu i=k&if=kdkvksa esa fu;fer ys[kuA Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dh vksjls 2010 esa ;ax LdkWyj vokMZ ls lEekfurA bZesy% [email protected]

uhfr;ka

ns'k esa 'kgjh {ks=kksa ds fodkl dks

ysdj dbZ rjg ds ekWMy viuk,

tk ldrs gSaA buesa 'kgjh fudk;ksa

ds lkFk futh {ks=kksa dh Hkkxhnkjh

dk ekWMy lokZfèkd mi;qDr gks

ldrk gSA blls ,d rjiQ 'kgjh

vkcknh viuh fodkl dh

xfrfofèk;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k]

dk;kZU;o;u] i;Zos{k.k vkfn

Lo;a dj ldsxhA ogh blls

dk;Z dq'kyrk vkSj Rofjr ykHk

Hkh feyus dh laHkkouk gSA 'kgjh

fodkl ds fy, vko';drk bl

ckr dh Hkh gS fd ge iwoZ

fu;kstu ij tksj nsaA dsaæ ljdkj

us 100 u, LekVZ flVh dh

?kks"k.kk dh gS] vkus okys fnuksa esa

bldk csgrj ifj.kke ns[kus dks

vo'; feysxk


ds vLFkkbZ ifj.kkeksa ls irk yxrk gS fd nlo"kZ esa 2774 dLcksa dh o`f¼ gqbZ gS ftlesa242 lkafofèkd gS vkSj 2532 tux.kuk dLcsgSA 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa tula[;k dh o`f¼ nj31-8 çfr'kr FkhA vkxs nl yk[k ls vfèkdvkcknh okys 'kgjksa@'kgjh lewg (;w,) dhla[;k dh 2001 tux.kuk esa 35 ls c<+dj2011 dh tux.kuk esa 53 gqbZ gSA

lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj la?k 'kkflr {ks=kksa esa]jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k] fnYyh vkSj la?k 'kkflr{ks=k] paMhx<+ dh Øe'k% 97-5 çfr'kr vkSj97-25 çfr'kr 'kgjh tula[;k 'kgjhÑr gSvkSj neu vkSj (75-2 çfr'kr) vkSj iqM~Mqpsjh(68-3 çfr'kr) gSA jkT;ksa esa xksok vc62-2 çfr'kr 'kgjh vkcknh ds lkFk vfèkdre'kgjhÑr jkT; gS tks fd 2001 esa tc xksokdh vkcknh 49-8 çfr'kr Fkh] ls o`f¼ gqbZ gSArsth ls 'kgjhdj.k dk vU; mnkgj.k dsjydk gS vc bldh 'kgjh tula[;k 47-7çfr'kr gS] tcfd ,d n'kd iwoZ ;g dsoy25-9 çfr'kr FkhA iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa esa fetksje51-5 çfr'kr 'kgjh tula[;k ds lkFk vR;fèkd'kgjhÑr gS tcfd ns'k esa dqy 'kgjh tula[;kds lacaèk esa fetksje dk fgLlk dsoy 0-1çfr'kr gSA blh çdkj flfDde tks fd ,dn'kd iwoZ 11-0 çfr'kr 'kgjhÑr Fkk] 2011esa yxHkx 25 çfr'kr 'kgjhÑr cu x;k gSAcM+s jkT;ksa esa rfeyukMq 'kgjh {ks=k esa jgusokyh 48-4 çfr'kr vkcknh ds lkFk vfèkd'kgjhÑr jkT; cuk gqvk gS blds ckn dsjy(47-7 çfr'kr)] egkjk"Vª (45-2 çfr'kr)]fgekpy çns'k esa 10-0 çfr'kr ds lkFk'kgjh tula[;k dk vuqikr U;wure cuk gqvkgSA blds ckn fcgkj 11-3 çfr'kr] vle(14-1 çfr'kr) vkSj vksfM'kk (16-7 çfr'kr)A'kgjh {ks=k esa jgus okys O;fDr;ksa dh dqyla[;k ds lacaèk esa egkjk"Vª 50-8 fefy;uO;fDr;ksa ds lkFk vkxs gS tksfd ns'k dh dqy'kgjh tula[;k dk 13-5 çfr'kr gSA mÙkjçns'k yxHkx 444 yk[k blds ckn rfeyukMq349 yk[k gSA rkfydk&1 es 2001 dh rqyukesa 2011 esa nl yk[k ls vfèkd tula[;kokys 'kgj dk fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA

'kgjh fodkl ds fy, ljdkjh ç;kl

ljdkjh ç;kl vkSj uhfr;ka LorU=krk dkyls xkaoksa ds fy, reke rjg dh ;kstuk;asykxw djrh jgh gSaA ftuesa egkRek xkaèkh xzkeh.kjkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk] çèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d;kstuk] jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k LokLF; fe'ku vkfnds uke çeq[krk ls fy, tk ldrs gSaA bu

;kstukvksa ij çfr o"kZ yxHkx 1-66 yk[kdjksM+ #i;s dh jkf'k [kpZ dh tkrh gSA nwljhrjiQ 'kgjksa ds fodkl ds fy, ,dek=ktokgjyky usg# 'kgjh uohuhdj.k fe'ku gStks 555 ifj;kstukvksa dh ftEesnkjh fuHkkrkgSA bldh 'kq#vkr 2005 esa lkr o"kks± rd dsfy, dh xbZ FkhA ftldk igyk pj.k fiNyso"kZ lekIr gks pqdk gSA blds nwljs pj.k dsfy, 65 çeq[k 'kgj fpfÉr fd;s x, gS]ftlds fy, 31500 djksM+ #i;s fuxZr fd;sx, gSaA bl fe'ku ds rgr 'kgjh lajpuk]LoPNrk] liQkbZ] lhojst] ifjogu] tykiwfrZ]Bksl dpjk çcaèku] lM+d usVodZ] vkarfjdiqufoZdkl vkfn reke dk;ks± dh ftEesnkjhlkSai nh xbZ gS- D;k fdlh ,d uksMy ;kstukds lgkjs brus lkjs dk;Z fd;s tkus laHko gSaAog Hkh rc tcfd blds fy, ldy ?kjsywmRikn dk dsoy 0-1 çfr'kr dh jkf'k [kpZdh tkrh gSA vuqeku gS fd Hkfo"; esa gesa'kgjh {ks=k ds fodkl ds fy, djhc 40yk[k djksM+ #i;s dh vko';drk gksxhA

'kgjh volajpuk fodkl dh fn'kk esaljdkj fuos'k c<+kus ds çfr Hkh n`<+rk lsfopkj dj jgh gSA 'kgjh fodkl ea=kky;}kjk fu;qDr mPpkfèkdkj çkIr lfefr(,pihbZlh)] ftlus o"kZ 2011 esa ljdkjdks fliQkfj'ksa nh Fkha] mlus Hkh ;g lq>k;k

rkfydk 1% 2001 dh rqyuk esa 2011 esa10 yk[k ls vfèkd tula[;k okys 'kgj

Øekad 'kgj 2001· 2011·1 xzsVj eqacbZ 16-37 18-412 fnYyh 12-79 16-313 dksydkrk 13-22 14-114 pSUUbZ 6-42 8-75 caxyq: 5-69 8-56 gSnjkckn 5-53 7-757 vgenkckn 4-52 6-358 iq.ks 3-75 5-059 lwjr 2-81 4-5910 t;iqj 2-32 3-0711 dkuiqj 2-69 2-9212 y[kuÅ 2-27 2-913 ukxiqj 2-12 2-514 xkft;kckn 2-3615 bankSj 1-64 2-1716 dks;EcVwj 1-45 2-1517 dksfPp 1-35 2-12

Fkk fd vkxkeh 20 o"kks± ds nkSjku 'kgjhvoLFkkiuk {ks=k esa `390 yk[k ds fuos'k dhvko';drk gSA ,ihbZlh ds vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj]bl fuos'k dk 44 çfr'kr 'kgjh lM+dksa ijfd;k tkuk pkfg,] tcfd ty] lhoj] Bkslvif'k"V çcaèku] o"kkZ ty fudkl] iFk çdk'kdks vxys 20 çfr'kr ds fuos'k dhvko';drk gksxh] bl fuos'k dk 14 çfr'krifjogu vkSj ;krk;kr lacaèkh voLFkkiu dsfy, vko';d gSA fuos'k dks dqN vU; {ks=kksatSls] fuos'k dk 10-5 çfr'kr Lyeksa ds iqu%fodkl lesr 'kgjh uohdj.k ij vkSj 2-5çfr'kr csgrj 'kgjh 'kklu gsrq {kerk fodklds fy, fd, tkus dh Hkh vko';drk gksxhAfuos'k dh vko';drk ds o`gr vkdyuksa ijfopkj djrs gq,] ;g ekuk x;k gS fd dsaæ]jkT; vkSj LFkkuh; 'kklu ds ctVh; lalkèkuksaesa bl ifjek.k dh jkf'k;ka çkIr ugha dh tkldrhaA vr% ;g fuos'k t:jr ekdZsV dsfoÙkh; lalkèkuksa dks nksgu vkSj ,d uhfr dsvuqlkj 'kgjh fodkl dk;ZØeksa esa futh {ks=kdh lgHkkfxrk ds çksRlkgu ls iw.kZ dh tkldrh gSA ljdkj bl fn'kk esa Hkh ç;kljr gSfd lh,lvkj dk ,d fgLlk >qXxh >ksaiM+h{ks=kksa ds fodkl ij O;; djus esa dEifu;kavkxs vk,aA

Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa dks lao`f¼&mUeq[k vkSjmRiknd cuus ds fy, ,d fo'oLrjh; 'kgjh ç.kkyh viukuk vfuok;ZgSA bl Øe esa ;g 'kgjh voLFkkiukdh lqiqnxhZ vkSj foÙk O;oLFkk esadq'kyrk vkSj lekurk dh çkfIr ijfuHkZj djrk gSA foÙk vk;ksxksa ds bfrgklesa igyh ckj 13osa foÙk vk;ksx usewy vuqnku ds vfrfjDr fu"iknuvkèkkfjr vuqnku dk rRo lkeus yk;kgS ftlesa 9 pqfuank lqèkkjksa ds fu"iknuls LFkkuh; fudk;ksa esa l'kDrhdj.kvkSj {kerk fuekZ.k dk nkf;Ro jkT;ljdkjksa dk j[kk x;k gSA dfe;ksa vkSjpqukSfr;ksa ij ikj ikus ds fy, 'kgjhfodkl ea=kky; us lkaLFkfud] jktLovkSj foÙkh; lqèkkj vkjaHk fd, gSaA74osa lafoèkku la'kksèku vfèkfu;e]1992 esa 'kgjh {ks=k esa lsok lqiqnZxhdh çfØ;k esa LFkkuh; Lok;Rr 'kkluksadh egRrk dh igpku dh xbZ gS vkSjmUgsa bl lacaèk esa vfèkdkj Hkh çnkufd;s x, gSaA

vxLr] 1996 esa 'kgjh fodkl;kstukvksa dk fu:i.k vkSj dk;kZUo;u


lzksr% 'kgjh :ijs[kk] 'kgjh fodkl ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj· tul[;k 10 yk[k esa

18 iVuk 1-71 2-0519 dks>hdksM 2-0320 Hkksiky 1-45 1-8821 f=k'kqj 1-8522 oMksnjk 1-49 1-82

23 vkxjk 1-32 1-7524 fo'kk[kkiV~Vue 1-33 1-7325 eYyIiqje 1-7

26 fr#oariqje 1-6927 dUuwj 1-6428 yqfèk;kuk 1-4 1-61

29 ukfld 1-15 1-5630 okjk.klh 1-21 1-4431 enqjS 1-19 1-4632 esjB 1-17 1-4233 fot;okM+k 1-01 1-4934 iQjhnkckn 1-05 1-435 jktdksV 1 1-3936 te'ksniqj 1-1 1-3437 tcyiqj 1-12 1-2738 Jhuxj 1-2739 vklulksy 1-09 1-2440 olbZ&fojkj 1-2241 èkuckn 1-06 1-242 bykgkckn 1-05 1-2243 vkSjaxkckn 1-1944 ve`rlj 1-01 1-1845 tksèkiqj 1-1446 jkaph 1-1347 jk;iqj 1-1248 dksYye 1-1149 Xokfy;j 1-1

50 nqxZ&fHkykbZ uxj 1-0651 paMhx<+ 1-0252 fr#fpjkiYyh 1-02

53 dksVk 1dqy 107-88 160-7

(;wMhih,iQvkbZ)* uked dsUæ ljdkj dsfn'kkfunZs'kksa dks viukus gsrq lHkh jkT; ljdkjksadks ifjpkfyr fd;k x;k FkkA vU; eqíksa dsvykok bu fn'kkfunZs'kksa esa jktLo lalkèku tqVkusds fy, uoksUes"kh nf"Vdks.k lq>k, x, gSaA

1990 esa ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr dh i"BHkwfeesa ;g lq>k;k x;k Fkk fd ;kstukvkSj ctVh; fu;euksa ij vkèkkfjrikjaifjd ç.kkyh dh foÙk O;oLFkkdks ?kVk;k tk; vkSj vUrr% jktLo?kkVs ds dkj.k mls cnyk tk,] benknlgk;rk dks ;qfDr;qDr cuk;k tk;vkSj 'kgjh fodkl ;kstukvksa vkSjifj;kstukvks a rFkk {ks=k fodklifj;kstukvksa dks 'kgjh voLFkkiuklsokvksa gsrq 'kgjh voLFkkiuk lsokvksadh vfHkdYiuk okf.kfT;d :i lsO;ogk;Z cukrs gq, mudks okf.kfT;d<kaps esa Mkyk tk,A vfrfjDr djmik;ksa ds }kjk jktLo dk;ks± vkSj lzksrds eè; leqfpr lekurk dk;e j[krsgq, bls çkIr djus dh vis{kk dh xbZFkhA vU; uokses"kh lalkèku tqVkus dsmik;ksa esa Hkwfe dk ,d lalkèku ds:i esa mi;ksx xSj&laifÙk djksa esao ` f¼ vk S j l so k&l qi qn Zx h e s alkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh dk ç;ksx'kkfey gSA

Hkkjr ds fu;a=kd ,oa egkys[kkijh{kd dk;kZy; }kjk xfBr dk;Zcyus 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa (;w,ych)ds fy, ys[kkdj.k ds mikftZr vkèkkjds vkjaHku dh fliQkfj'k dh FkhrFkk ml ç;kstukFkZ ekMy ctVh;vkSj ys[kkdj.k izk#i dk lq>ko fn;kFkkA dk;Zcy dh fjiksVZ dks ctVvkSj ys[kkdj.k izk#i rFkk ys[kkdj.ki¼fr ds mikftZr vkèkkj dks viukusgsrq lHkh jkT;ks a@la?k jkT;ks a dksifjpkfyr dh xbZ FkhA bldsvfrfjDr ys[kkdj.k çfof"V;ksa dhfjdkfMZax gsrq ;w,ych dks ,dljyhÑr VwyfdV eqgS;k djus dsfy, 'kgjh fodkl ea=kky; us Hkkjrds fu;a=kd ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kkdk;kZy; ds lg;ksx ls ,d jk"Vªh;uxjikfydk ys[kkdj.k fu;ekoyh(,u,e,,e) rS;kj dh Fkh vkSjtuojh] 2005 esa lHkh jkT;ksa@la?kjkT;ksa dks ifjpkfyr dh FkhA çfØ;k,a]

fn'kkfunZs'k uxjikfydk dk;Z lapkyu dhlVhd] iw.kZ vkSj ;Fkkle; fjdkfMZax djukvkSj lVhd rFkk laxr foÙkh; fjiksVZ çLrqrdjuk lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA ,u,e,,els jkT;ksa dks ;w,ych }kjk ç;ksx gsrq mudh

viuh vis{kkvksa ds vuqlkj muds jkT;&Lrjh;ys[kkdj.k fu;e iqfLrdkvksa dks rS;kj djusesa enn feysxhA bl ç;kl ls u dsoyuxjikfydk ys[kkdj.k esa ;w,ych dh {kerk,ac<sa+xh ftlls 'kgjh {ks=k ds fodkl gsrqlkoZtfud fufèk;ksa ds mi;ksx esa iknf'kZrkvkSj tokcnsgh c<+sxh vfirq ,d ,slk okrkoj.krS;kj djus esa enn feysxh ftlesa 'kgjhLFkkuh; fudk; viuh Hkwfedk dk vfèkddkjxj <ax ls fuokZg dj ldsaxs vkSj csgrjlsok lqiqnxhZ Hkh lqfuf'pr gks ldsxhA

'kgjh volajpuk lqèkkj vkSj 'kgjhleL;kvksa ds funku ds fy, ts,u,u;wvkj,eds varxZr vfrfjDr dsUæh; lgk;rk (,lh,)dks jkT;ksa vkSj 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dks'kgjh lqèkkj djus ds fy, 'krZ;qDr cuk fn;kx;k FkkA çeq[k lqèkkjksa esa 'kkfey gS%&� fodsUæhdj.k ds fy, 73oka vkSj 74oka

lafoèkku la'kksèku dk dk;kZUo;u� 'kgjh Hkwfe vfèkdre lhek vkSj fofu;eu

vfèkfu;e dk fujlu fdjk;k fu;a=k.kfu;eks a es a lqèkkj LVkEi 'kwYd dkljyhdj.k

� lkoZtfud çdVhdj.k dkuwu dk fofu;eufu;kstu dk;Zdj.k esa 'kgjh LFkkuh;fudk;ksa dks dk;Z lkSaiuk@lec¼ djuk

� mikftZr vkèkkj ij nksgjh çfof"V ys[kkdj.k� bZ 'kklu� thvkbZ,l ds lkFk laifÙk dj va'kkadu

ç;ksDrk çHkkjksa dh olwyh� 'kgjh xjhcksa ds fy, cqfu;knh lsokvksa ds

çfr ctV dk funsZ'ku� 'kgjh xjhcksa ds fy, cqfu;knh lsokvksa

dk çkoèkku] Hkou fuekZ.k gsrq vuqeksnuds ljyhdj.k gsrq dk;nksa esa la'kksèku]Hkw&mi;ksx ifjorZu gsrq fu;eks a dkljyhdj.k lEifÙk 'kh"kZ lR;kiu dk vkjaHk

� vkfFkZd fiNM+s oxks± ds fy, fodflrHkwfe ;k vkokl miyCèkrk

� Hkwfe vkSj lEifÙk dk daI;wVjhÑr iathdj.k� cjlkrh ikuh dk laxzg.k vkSj ty laj{k.k

gsrq mi fu;eksa esa la'kksèku� iqu% çkI; ty ds fy, mifu;e� ç'kklfud lqèkkj] LFkkiuk ykxr esa deh

ctVh; çkoèkku

fofHkUu ;kstukvksa] dk;ZØeksa] uhfr;ksa vkfnds ekè;e ls ljdkj 'kgjh fodkl vkSjfu;kstu ds fy, i;kZIr dk;Z djrh gSAblds vykok çfro"kZ ds vke ctV ds


ekè;e ls Hkh 'kgjh fodkl ea=kky; dks blgsrq fufèk vkoafVr dh tkrh gS- bl ckj dsvke ctV 2014&15 esa ea=kky; dks fn,tkus okyh fufèk dk 13404 djksM+ #i;sdk ctV vuqeku gSA bles 'kgjh fodkl dsrgr 7060 djksM+ #i;s 100 LekVZ flVhcukus ds fy,] 100 djksM+ #i;s vgenkcknvkSj y[kuÅ esa esVªks jsy ifj;kstukvksa dsfy, rFkk 200 djksM+ #i;s jk"Vªh; fojklr'kgjksa ds fodkl ds fy, fn, x, gSA foÙkea=kh us vius ctV Hkk"k.k esa dgk fd ns'kesa fodkl dh çfØ;k ds lkFk yksxksa dkcM+h la[;k esa 'kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u c<+jgk gS- csgrj thou ;kiu dh vk'kk dslkFk u;k ekè;e oxZ Hkh mHkj jgk gSA blfLFkfr esa ;fn u, 'kgjksa dk fodkl ughafd;k x;k rks 'kh?zk gh gekjs orZeku 'kgjc<+rh vkcknh ls mRiUu fofHkUu pqukSfr;ksadk lkeuk ugha dj ik;saxsA

xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ls 'kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u dsdbZ igyw gS] vDlj jkstxkj] f'k{kk vkSj mPpthou Lrj dh vkdka{kk esa yksx 'kgjksa dh vksjiyk;u djrs gSaA ;g u dsoy vkfFkZd fLFkfresa ifjorZu ds fy, ftEesnkj gS cfYd bldk,d O;kid lkekftd vkèkkj Hkh gSA xzkeh.klkekftd lajpuk esa ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk;g uxjksa esa gksus okyh dbZ rjg dh leL;kvksads fy, Hkh mÙkjnk;h gSA bl leL;k dks nwjdjus ds mís'; ls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa Hkh 'kgjhlqfoèkkvksa ds fodkl dk mik; fd;k tk jgkgSA ^';kek çlkn eq[kthZ vcZu fe'ku* uke ls,d ifj;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh tk jgh gSftles vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa dk fodkl vkSjdkS'ky fodkl 'kkfey gSA bls xzkeh.k bykdksaesa ,dhÑr ifj;kstuk vkèkkfjr volajpuk dhlqiqnZxh ds fy, 'kq: fd;k tkuk gSA bl;kstuk dk fØ;kU;o;u ihihih ekWMy dsrgr fd;k tkuk gS- ljdkj dk ;g ekuuk gSfd ihihih ds tfj;s vxys 10 o"kks± esavolajpuk vkSj lsokvksa ds uohdj.k ds fy,500 'kgjh clkoVksa dks lgk;rk nh tk;A

lk>k tksf[ke vkèkkj ij 'kgjh {ks=k esavolajpuk lacaèkh ifj;kstukvksa ds lao¼ZuvkSj foÙk iks"k.k ds fy, dbZ cSadksa dhlgHkkfxrk ds lkFk 2006 esa 'kq: uxjikfydkÍ.k nkf;Ro lqfoèkk dks bl ckj ds ctV esavkSj foLr`r djus dk çkoèkku fd;k x;k gSAbl lqfoèkk ds rgr orZeku lexz fufèk 5000djksM+ #i;s gSA ljdkj dk eq[; è;ku csgrjvolajpuk ftlesa 'kgjh lkoZtfud ifjogu]Bksl vif'k"V fuiVku] lhojst mipkj rFkkis;ty 'kkfey gS] dks çnku djus dk gSAçèkkuea=kh ds n`f"Vdks.k ds rgr ctV esadgk x;k gS fd 31 ekpZ 2019 rd ds fy,lqfoèkk c<+kus ds lkFk bldh fufèk dks 50000djksM+ #i;s rd fd;k tk;sxkA

Hkfo"; dh fn'kk vkSj rS;kjh

,d rjiQ 'kgj rst jÝrkj ls HkkxrhftUnxh dk çrhd cuk gS rks nwljh vksj

laosnuk ugha gSA 'kgjksa dk vfu;af=kr fodkldbZ rjg dh leL;kvksa dks tUe nsrk gSA;fn bl ij dkcw ik fy;k tkrk gS rks'kgj Hkh xzkeh.k laosnukvksa ds vkn'kZ dksykxw dj ldrs gSaA blds fy, fu;af=kr'kgjhdj.k dks çksRlkfgr djus okyh uhfr;ksadks vey esa ykuk gksxkA 'kgj dsafaær;kstukvksa dks 'kgj dh leL;kvksa dks è;kuesa j[k dj cukus dh t:jr gSaA vkt 'kgjdh la[;k o foLrkj ls iSnk gksrs i;kZoj.kdh leL;k dks nwj djus ds fy, xzhu xzksFkdh ifjdYiuk dks Hkh lkdkj djuk gksxkrHkh ge 'kgjhdj.k ls iSnk gksrh pqukSfr;ksals fuiV ldsaxsA

ns'k esa 'kgjh {ks=kks a ds fodkl dksysdj dbZ rjg ds ekWMy viuk, tk ldrsgSaA buesa 'kgjh fudk;ksa ds lkFk futh{ks=kks a dh Hkkxhnkjh dk ekWMy lokZfèkdmi;qDr gks ldrk gSA blls ,d rjiQ'kgjh vkcknh viuh fodkl dh xfrfofèk;ksadk fuèkkZj.k] dk;kZU;o;u] i;Zos{k.k vkfnLo;a dj ldsxhA ogh blls dk;Z dq'kyrkvkSj Rofjr ykHk Hkh feyus dh laHkkoukgSA 'kgjh fodkl ds fy, vko';drk blckr dh Hkh gS fd ge iwoZ fu;kstu ijtksj nsaA dsaæ ljdkj us tks 100 u, LekVZ'kgj dh LFkkiuk dh ?kks"k.kk dh gS] vkusokys fnuksa esa bldk csgrj ifj.kke ns[kusdks vo'; feysxkA

ns'k ds fofHkUu 'kgjksa esa esVªks jsy dh'kq#vkr ,d cM+h igy gS] lkFk gh eksuksjsytSlh voèkkj.kk Hkh lkeus vkbZ gS ftldknwjxkeh ifj.kke gksxkA Lye lqèkkj dhfn'kk esa Hkh i;kZIr dne mBkus dh t:jrgSA 'kgjksa esa vfu;fer dkWyksfu;ka] vijkèk]vlarqfyr vkfFkZd fodkl bldh ubZ leL;kgSA blls fuiVus ds fy, ges a ,dnh?kZdkyhu lekos'kh j.kuhfr cukus dht:jr gSA blds fy, xzkeh.k vapyksa esaHkh 'kgjh lqfoèkkvksa dh miyCèkrk lqfuf'prdjus dh t:jr gksxhA �

bl ckj ds vke ctV esa nh tkusokyh fufèk dk 13404 djksM+ #i;sdk ctV vuqeku gSA blesa 'kgjh fodklds rgr 7060 djksM+ #i;s 100 LekVZflVh cukus ds fy,] 100 djksM+ #i;svgenkckn vkSj y[kuÅ esa esVªks jsyifj;kstukvksa ds fy, rFkk 200 djksM+#i;s jk"Vªh; fojklr 'kgjksa ds fodklds fy, fn, x, gSA

vlekurk] mis{kk] 'kks"k.k dk ,d foæwipsgjk Hkh çLrqr djrk gSA blh dk urhtkgS fd 'kgjksa esa dbZ rjg dh lkekftdcqjkb;ka Hkh vius pje ij gaSA vfu;af=krLye {ks=kks a ds foLrkj gksus ls vijkèk]cky vijkèk] u'kk[kksjh] tqvk] os';ko`fresa rhoz c<+ksrjh gksrh tk jgh gSA bldkD;k dkj.k gS\ D;k ;g rhoz vlekurk]'kks"k.k] mis{kk vkSj vfu;af=kr HkhM+ dkurhtk ugha gS vDlj 'kgjksa dh vkykspuk;g dg dj dh tkrh gS fd ;gka ekuoh;

mi;ksx] cqfu;knh <kaps] i;kZoj.kh; fLFkjrk]lkekftd lekos'k] tksf[ke dh deh]vkfFkZd mRikndrk vkSj foÙkh; fofoèkrkgh ,sls igyw gSa ftUkds okLrfod rFkk'kgjh fu;kstu ds fy, ,dhd`r djusdh vko';drk gSA fu;kstu f'k{kk dksO;olk; esa vH;kl dks c<+kok nsus dh

t:jr gS ftlls nh?kZdkfyd laLFkkxrifjorZu dh lqfoèkk gksAfu;kstu ds O;olk; dks lekt ds

lkoZtfud dY;k.k dk nkf;Ro fn;k x;k gSAogha] 'kSf{kd leqnk; bl mÙkj mnkj le; esafu;kstu esa lkoZtfud dY;k.k ds ckjs esafopkj foe'kZ djrk gS rFkk fu;kstu esa ewY;ksa

vkSj uSfrd ftEesnkjh dks udkjk ugha tk ldrkgSA vkus okyksa o"kks± esa] Hkkjr esa fu;kstu f'k{kkdh ftEesnkjh is'ksojksa dks izf'kf{kr djus dh gSftlls fd muds lkFk lkoZtfud dY;k.k dslkFk&lkFk dqNsd ds fy, dsoy LekVZ flVh*us gksdj cfYd lHkh ds fy, ^LekVZ* 'kgjhHkfo"; dks ikus ds l{ke gksaA �

(i`"B 44 dk 'ks"kka'k)


jktuhfrd&ç'kklfud O;oLFkk esa ljdj dsLFkku ij 'kklu dh ladYiuk etcwrh ls fodflrgqbZ gSA vkt ljdkj dk vk'k; Lok;Rr'kklhusVodZ ls gS tks turk ds çfr tokcnsg]çfrc¼ gks o turk dh lewy Hkkxhnkjh ljdkjhdk;ks± esa ns[kus dks feysA ;gh dkj.k gS fdjksM~l tSls fopkjdksa us ljdkj ds vHkko esa Hkh'kklu (xoZusal fonkmV xoZesaV) dh ckr dh gSA

cgjgky tc Hkh 'kklu dh ckr gksrh gS]jk"Vªh; ljdkj dk eq[; mís'; o xarO;LFkku lq'kklu gh gksrk gSA vkt fgUnqLrkutSls ns'k esa lq'kklu dks ,d ekWMy ds #i esadkiQh ojh;rk nh tk jgh gSA

xqM xous±l ;k lq'kklu

'kklu O;oLFkk esa tc Hkh 'kqfprk ykus]mls O;ofLFkr o dk;Zdq'ky djus dh ea'kkgksrh gS oSlh fLFkfr esa 'kklu dk vk'k; xqMxoZusal ;kuh lq'kklu ls gh gksrk gSA xkSjrycgS fd loZçFke lq'kklu dh voèkkj.kk dksoSf'od iVy ij 1989 esa mi&lgkjk vÚhdkds ekeys esa yk;k x;kA blds varxZr lq'kkludks Bksl fodklkRed çcaèku ds :i esaifjHkkf"kr djrs gq;s ;g crk;k x;k fdblds varZxr 'kfDr dk ç;ksx ns'k dslkekftd&vkfFkZd lalkèkuksa ds fodkl dsçcaèku ds :i esa fd;k x;k gS (fo'o cSad]1992] 2)A bl nLrkost+ esa lq'kklu dhfuEu fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS&d)lkoZtfud {ks=k çcaèku[k)tokcnsgh

uxjh; 'kklu esa lgHkkxh ekWMyksa dh t:jr

iadt dqekj >k

g vkys[k uxjh; 'kklu dhvoèkkj.kk dks Li"V djrs gq;sgky ds n'kd esa fodflr ,d

ekWMy ds :i esa Hkkxhnkjh dks foLrkj lsfo'ys"k.k djus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA lkFk&lkFkblls gksus okys lkekftd&ç'kklfud ifjorZudks oSf'od :i ls Hkkxhnkjh lacaèkh ekWMyksads :i esa mYysf[kr djrk gSA cgjgkyuxjh; 'kklu dh ladYiuk dks le>us dsfy;s loZçFke 'kklu o lq'kklu dh ladYiukdks le>uk gksxkA

'kklu dh ladYiuk

'kklu dh ladYiuk lekt esa] lRrk oO;oLFkk ds cnyrs lanHkZ dh vksj bafxr djrkgSA blds varxZr jkT;] ukxfjd lekt vkSjckt+kj ,d lkFk feydj ukxfjdksa dks lqfoèkkeqgS;k djkus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaAxoZusal dh ladYiuk dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq;sdqbeu tSls fo}ku dk ekuuk gS fd & ^vusdns'kksa esa gky ds o"kks± esa ;g çofÙk ns[kus dksfey jgh gS fd ljdkj vkSj lekt ds chp dslacaèk larqyu dks lkoZtfud {ks=k ds çHkko lseqDr djds futh {ks=k ds çHkko esa <kyk tk jgkgSA vkaf'kd :i ls blus futhdj.k rFkk ;nkdnk fofu;eu dh çofr dks c<+kok fn;k gSAblds lkFk gh lkFk lgHkkfxrk] lekt dY;k.k]i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] f'k{kk o HkkSfrd fu;kstu tSls{ks=kksa esa ubZ laHkkoukvksa dks ewrZ :i nsus ds fy;soSdfYid rjhdk ryk'kk tk jgk gS*A cgjgkybruk rks r; gS fd mnkjhdj.k ds ckn dh

ys[kd fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa jktuhfr foKku foHkkx esa ih,pMh 'kksèkkFkhZ gSaA fnYyh ds Hkkxhnkjh ekWMy dks vkèkkj cukdj mUgksus blh fo'ofo|ky; ls ,e- fiQyfd;k gSA MkDVjy 'kksèk ds fy, mUgs fczfV'k dkSafly dh rjiQ ls pkYlZ oSysV iQSyksf'ki izkIr gqbZ gSA izdkf'kr iqLrds% lq'kklu ds vkbZus esa u;k fcgkj (izHkkrizdk'ku)A jV~fyt ls izdkf'kr iqLrd ^OgkbZ bafM;k oksV~l* rFkk vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh izsl ls izdkf'kr ^Vsfuax n okVj% n ikfyfVdy bdkukeh vkiQ yktZ MSe bubafM;k* dk fganh vuqokn Hkh dj pqds gSa tks izdk'kukèkhu gSA bZesy% [email protected]

fo'o dh reke 'kklu O;oLFkkvksa

esa vkt lgHkkfxrk ;k Hkkxhnkjh

,d egRoiw.kZ vo;o ds :i esa

ns[kk tk jgk gS vkSj vfèkdka'k

fodflr lektksa esa bl ij

xaHkhjrk ls vey Hkh gks jgk gSA

;g ckr vc rks Li"V gks gh jgh

gS fd jkstejkZ dh t:jrksa o

NksVh&NksVh cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa ds

fy, ijeq[kkis{kh jgdj lekt

fodkl ds y{; dks gkfly ugha

dj ldrk gSA ,sls esa Hkkxhnkjh

ekWMy dk egRo c<+ tkrk gS tgka

turk dks viuh ftEesnkjh dk

vglkl Hkh gksrk gS vkSj viuh

Hkwfedk ij xoZ HkhA eqacbZ ls

fnYyh rd bl ekWMy ds iz;ksxksa

us vPNh uthj is'k dh gS

lq'kklu

;


rkfydk 3%2026 rd esxk flVh

esxk flVh 2001 2026eqacbZ 16-36 26-38vgenkckn 4-51 7-73iq.ks 3-75 6-79psUubZ 6-42 10-12caxyq# 5-68 9-71gSnjkckn 5-53 9-09

fnYyh 12-79 22-49dkuiqj 2-69 4-60t;iqj 2-32 4-29

dksydkrk 13-21 20-25dqy 76-07 127-49

lzksr% Hkkjr dh tux.kuk] , oYMZ flfVt+];w,u] gSfcV] 2008&09] esxk flVh& muflVh dks esxk flVh dgk x;k gS ftudh

tula[;k 40 yk[k ls vfèkd gS

rkfydk 1% 'kklu ds fy;s mi;ksxhrRoksa dk vuqikr

oxkhZdj.k fgLlk1- dkuwuh <kapk 6»2- Hkkxhnkjh 30»

3- jkT; dk futhm|e lacaèkh lqèkkj 33»

4- vkfFkZd çcaèku 49»5- {kerk fuekZ.k 68»6- yksdra=khdj.k 68»

lzksr% fo'o cSad (1994)XV

rkfydk 2% vkdfyr 'kgjh o Hkkjrdh dqy tula[;k

o"kZ 2001 2011 2021 2026'kgjh 286-12 357-94 432-61 534-80tula[;k(fefy;u) 27-82 30-02 32-29 38-21

lzksr% iksiqys'ku çkstsD'ku iQkWj bafM;k]2001&26] jftLVªkj tujy vkWWiQ bafM;k]

2006-

x) fodkl lacaèkh dkuwuh <kapk?k) lwpuk vkSj ikjnf'kZrk

xkSjryc gS fd dkykarj esa bl ladYiukesa lgHkkxh fodkl] ekuo vfèkdkj vkSjyksdra=khdj.k dks Hkh tksM+k x;kAgkykafd fo'o cSad us 'kklu dh ladYiukdks fdlh jk"Vª dks nh tkus okyh Í.k çnkudjus lacaèkh dlkSVh ds :i esa Hkh ns[kkA blsfuEu lkj.kh ds }kjk le>k tk ldrk gSA

Li"V gS fd fo'o cSad ds mi;qZDr rkfydkesa Hkkxhnkjh ,d egRoiw.kZ vo;o ds :i esajgk gS rFkk ;g funZsf'kr fd;k x;k gS fdvxj dksbZ ns'k Hkkxhnkjh vFkkZr~ lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh dks roTtks nsrk gS rks mlsÍ.k ds ekeys esa fo'ks"k izkFkfedrk nh tk;sxhA

'kgjh 'kklu&Hkkxhnkjh ekWMy ds fo'ks"klanHkZ esa

oSf'od Lrj ij tula[;k esa gks jghyxkrkj c<+ksrjh ds dkj.k xzkeh.k tula[;kvkt 'kgjksa dh rjiQ iyk;u dj jgh gSA2007 esa fo'o dh dqy 'kgjh tula[;kdjhc 3-3 vjc Fkh vkSj ,slk vuqeku gS fd2050 rd ;g djhc 6-4 vjc gks tk;sxh(UNDESA 2008 3)A tgk¡ rd Hkkjr dkloky gS ;gk¡ Hkh vxys 25 o"kks± es± djhc67izfr'kr tula[;k 'kgjh {ks=k esa fuokldjus yxsxhA vuqeku ;g Hkh gS fd 2001 esatgk¡ 'kgjh tula[;k djhc 2860 yk[k Fkhog 2026 esa 5340 yk[k gks tk;sxh vFkkZr~blesa djhc 38 çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh gksxhA

esxk flVh ls lacafèkr mijksDr vkadM+ksa lsHkh Li"V gS fd ftl jÝrkj ls egkuxjksa dhrjiQ tula[;k dk iyk;u gks jgk gS mlls

vkus okys fnuksa esa vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dslkeus vkSj fodV leL;k vkus okyh gSA ,slsesa 74oka lafoèkku la'kksèku ds mijkar çkIrlaoSèkkfud nt+kZ çkIr 'kgjh ç'kklu Hkh 'kgjhxoZusal esa rCnhy gks pqdk gSA bl 'kgjhxoZusal dh voèkkj.kk esa Hkkxhnkjh ekWMy dkfo'ks"k egRo gSA ,sls esa D;k ;g ekWMyegRoiw.kZ gS ftlls egkuxjh; tula[;k dksmldh ewyHkwr lqfoèkk] eqgS;k djk;h tk lds\D;k bl fn'kk esa Hkkxhnkjh ekWMy dks ,dç;ksx ds :i esa tk¡pk ij[kk tk ldrk gS\

Hkkxhnkjh ekWMy & ,d ç;ksx

ledkyhu le; esa 'kgjh 'kklu dhpqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy;s Hkkxhnkjh ekWMy,d dkjxj ç;kl ds :i esa lkeus vk;k gSAnwljs 'kCnksa esa bls lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh;kuh ifCyd&çkbosV ikVZuf'ki ds :i esa Hkh

tkuk tkrk gSA blesa ,d rjiQ tgk¡ ljdkjhfudk; gksrh gS ogha nwljh rjiQ jsaflMsaV~losyiQs;j ,lksfl;s'ku (vkoklh; dY;k.k la?k)tSlh lgHkkxh laLFkkA bu nksuksa ds lk>k ç;klls fctyh] ikuh] f'k{kk] LokLF; tSls cqfu;knht:jrksa dks Bksl rjhds ls iwjk fd;k tkrk gSAxkSjryc gS fd Hkkxhnkjh tSls ç;kl ijaijkxrLFkkuh; Lo'kklu lacaèkh fd;s x;s ç;klksa lsFkksM+k fHkUu gSA igys ;g èkkj.kk Fkh fd ljdkjturk dh lHkh leL;kvksa dk lekèkku djsxh;k lekèkku djus esa l{ke gSA ;g vius vkiesa ljkdkj ;k ^xoes±V* dh voèkkj.kk dksiQyhHkwr djrk gqvk çrhr gksrk FkkA ijarqHkkxhnkjh ekWMy us 'kklu dh voèkkj.kk dksc<+krs gq;s ljdkjh fuHkZjrk ds LFkku ij turkdh lgHkkfxrk dks etcwr fd;k gSA HkkxhnkjhekWMy us vke turk dks lfØ; ukxfjd ;kfu,fDVo flfVt+u ds #i esa rCnhy dj fn;k gSAog ukxfjd tks vius vfèkdkjksa ds çfr vktcgqr tkx:d gS] og lHkh fØ;kdykiksa esaviuh lewy lgHkkfxrk pkgrk gS] vkSj lHkhdk;ks± esa ljdkj ds lkFk dne nj dnefeykdj viuh tokcnsgh Hkh r; djrk gSA

cgjgky Hkkxhnkjh ekWMy ds vkus ds ckntgk¡ ,d rjiQ ukxfjdksa ds lkekftd&vkfFkZdthou esa cnyko vk;k gS ogha nwljh rjiQ iwjkç'kklfud pkd&pkScan Hkh cnyk gSA rkfydk1-4 esa fn;s x;s Hkkxhnkjh lacaèkh nl çeq[kç;ksx dks ns[kus ls ;g ckr fcYdqy Li"V gkstkrh gS fd iwoZ rd csojoknh ekufldrk esatdM+h gqbZ ukSdj'kkgh o viQlj'kkgh vktfdruh fnypLih ls 'kgjh vke yksxksa dks csgrjlqfoèkk miyCèk djkus lacaèkh ç;kl esa yxh gqbZgSA vkt og fu;ked ;kuh jsxqysVj ls leUo;d;kfu iQsflysVj dh Hkwfedk esa vk pqdk gSA

fnYyh ljdkj }kjk çkjEHk dh xbZ Hkkxhnkjh;kstuk dk çHkko rks lkiQ ns[kk tk ldrk gSAçR;sd ljdkjh ;kstukvksa esa vkj-MCyw-, dhlgHkkfxrk] pkgs ikdZ ds lkSan;Zdj.k dk ekeykgks ;k ikuh dh lqyHkrk dk] lHkh esa vkewypwyifjorZu vk;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fnYyh dsHkkxhnkjh dk;ZØe dks 2005 dk la;qDr jk"Vªyksdlsok iqjLdkj ls Hkh uokt+k x;kA fnYyh esafny'kkn dkWyksuh vkoklh; dY;k.k laLFkk usftl rjg ls LFkkuh; yksxksa ls iSlk bdV~Bkdjds lhoj flLVe dh ijs'kkuh ls tw> jgs


rkfydk 4% Hkkxhnkjh ds nl çeq[k ekWMyØe ekWMy LFkku o"kZ miyfCèk;k¡1- Hkkxhnkjh fnYyh (Hkkjr) 2000 o"kkZ tylap; L=kh 'kfDr dSai] la;qDr jk"Vª yksdlsok iqjLdkj]

2005

2- E;wfufliy i;kZoj.k 'kgjh çcaèku jsfiQyk (vtsaVhuk) 1996 135 laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls i;kZoj.kh; leL;kvksa of'k{kk dk fØ;kUo;u

3- uohu 'kgjh lk>snkjh ;kstuk vgenkckn (Hkkjr) 1995 vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dks etcwr cuk;k] ç'kklu] uxjikfydkfoRr] ty o xanxh] 'kgjh ouhdj.k ij iQksdl] fjojÚaV MsoyieaV IykaV ij cy

4- çtk iQkmaMs'ku eqacbZ 1998 flfVtu pkVZj] ekbØksiQkbukal ij cy

5- Lye lqèkkj ifj;kstuk <kdk (caXykns'k) 1985 liQkbZ] 'kq¼ is;ty] LokLF;] fudklh ij fo'ks"k6- èkkj.kh; 'kgjhdj.k uqdq# (dsU;k) 1995 m|ksx] {ks=kh; lsok] i;ZVu] ekuo lalkèku] Vkmu Iykfuax ;wfuV7- lgHkkxh ctfVax iksVkZs ,yxzks (czkfty) 1989 ykyiQhrk'kkgh ls eqfDr] ukxfjdrkokn esa c<+ksrjh

8- fodsUæhr 'kgjh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ckyh (baMksusf'k;k) 1997 LFkkuh; 'kgjh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk ij cy] ckyh vjcubaÚqoesaV çksxzke dk fØ;kUo;u

9- usbZojgqM Hkkkxhnkjh dk;ZØe ljdks (is#) 1996 vif'k"V ty VªhVesaV IykaV] 90% efgyk lgHkkfxrk10- lgHkkxh 'kgjh ,D'ku IykWu lksekyw (ukbthfj;k) 1998 ty lIykbZ] dwM+k çcaèku] lM+d o ukyk iqufuZek.k

yksxksa ds fy;s Lo;a lhoj fcNkus dk dkefd;k og vuks[kk FkkA fnYyh dh Hkkxhnkjh;kstuk laLFkkxr ifjorZu dk ,d egRoiw.kZmnkgj.k ds :i esa lkeus fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA blhrjg vts±Vhuk ds jsfiQyk 'kgj esa O;kid lgHkkfxrko lHkh ukxfjd o lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa dschp lgefr ls i;kZoj.k ds çfr ljksdkj ns[kktk ldkA jsfiQyk esa jgus okys 80]000 lsvfèkd fuokfl;ksa ds fy;s i;kZoj.k çnw"k.k ,dleL;k ds #i esa FkhA 135 ls vfèkd laLFkkvksads ç;kl ls lcus i;kZoj.kh; leL;k ds çfrBksl dk;ZokbZ dhA blls tgk¡ ,d rjiQ fodklds voljksa dks cy feyk ogha lkFk gh lkFkgfjr lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dh Hkh O;oLFkk gqbZAc<+rs 'kgjhdj.k us unh dks çnwf"kr fd;k gS]vLirkyksa o uxjikfydk Ldwyksa dh fLFkfr fnuksafnu fcxM+h gS] VªSfiQd ds fu;e dkuwu çHkkforgq;s gSaA blh fLFkfr ls futkr ikus ds fy;svgenkckn esa 'kq# fd;s dh xbZ uohu 'kgjhlk>snkjh ds ç;kl dkiQh pfpZr jgsA Hkkxhnkjhlacaèkh ç;kl us vke ukxfjd dks dkiQh l'kDro fof'k"V ukxfjd esa rCnhy dj fn;k gSA blhlanHkZ esa eqacbZ fLFkr çtk iQkmaMs'ku }kjk yk;kx;k flfVtu pkVZj dk nLrkost+ dkiQh egRoiw.kZgSA flfVtu pkVZj ,d lwpukc¼ midj.k gSftlds ekè;e ls yksd lsokvksa lacaèkh çekf.kdlwpuk çkIr dh tk ldrh gSA ,sls ç;klksa us'kgjh 'kklu ds vk;keksa dks vkSj foLrr djus

dk dk;Z fd;k gSA'kgjhdj.k o Hkkxhnkjh tSls ç;klksa us ,d

rjiQ rks ekWy dYpj dks c<+kus dk dk;Z fd;kgS ogha nwljh rjiQ >qXxh >ksiM+h ds bykdksa esaHkh liQkbZ o lqèkkj lacaèkh çkFkfedrk Hkh bldsvarxZr fufgr gSA bldk egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.k<kdk fLFkr esVªksiksfyVu flVh lacaèkh Lye lqèkkjifj;kstuk gSA xkSjryc gS fd ;gk¡ dh >qXxh>ksaiM+h esa djhc 12 çfr'kr yksx jgrs gSaAblfy;s ;gk¡ ds yksxksa ds 'kq¼ is;ty] LoPNrko ukyh bR;kfn dh leL;k ekStwn FkhA ;gdk;ZØe 1985 esa 'kq# dh xbZA bl Lye lqèkkjifj;kstuk ds varxZr lgHkkxh mikxe] 'kgjhleqnk;ksa ls lgHkkfxrk esa LFkkuh; izkfèkdj.kyksd o futh laLFkkvksa vkfn us vkèkkjHkwrlkekftd o vkfFkZd lqfoèkk,¡ çnku dhA lHkhLye dk;ZØeksa us cM+s iSekus ij ekbZØks&ØsfMVdk;ZØe dks çksUur fd;kA dsU;k ds udq#fLFkr lq'kklu lacaèkh ç;kl dks Hkh dkiQhliQy ç;ksx d #i esa ns[kk x;k gSA blus tgk¡,d rjiQ tgk¡ Ñ"kdh; izlaLdj.k m|ksx] {ks=kh;lsokvksa o i;ZVu dh O;oLFkk dh gSA ogha bldsvarxZr 'kgj esa {kerk fuekZ.k lacaèkh ç;kl]fØ;k,¡] yf{kr ekuo lalkèku fodkl] laLFkkxretcwrh midj.kksa dks cgky djus ij tksj fn;kx;kA Hkkxhnkjh o cnyrs 'kklu ds lacaèk esaiksVkZs ,yxzks] czkthy esa gks jgs lgHkkxh ctfVaxds ç;kl dks ,d egRoiw.kZ igy ds :i esa

ns[kk tkuk pkfg;sA ;g ç;ksx 1989 esa 'kq# gqvko ukxfjd lekt dh Hkkxhnkjh dks laLFkkxr:i çnku djrk gSA lgHkkxh ctfVax dh blç.kkyh ds }kjk tgk¡ ,d rjiQ Hkzz"Vkpkj olalkèkuksa dh ikjn'khZ çcaèku uhfr dk vuqikyudjds Hkz"Vkpkj o yksd lalkèkuksa dk dqçcaèkudks jksdk tk ldk ogha nwljh vksj bllsukxfjdrkokn dh Hkkkouk dks Hkh cy feykAHkkxhnkjh dh voèkkj.kk ds varxZr dsUæhdj.kds LFkku ij fodsUæhdj.k ij vfèkd cy fn;ktk jgk gSA blh lanHkZ esa ckyh (baMksusf'k;k) esa'kgjh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dh fn'kk esa fd;k tkjgk ç;kl ç'kaluh; gSA ckyh vjcu bUÚkLVªpjçksxzke }kjk viukbZ xbZ fodsUæhdj.k dh uhfr uslkeqnkf;d Hkkkxknkjh dks dkiQh çksRlkfgr fd;kAblh J[kayk esa is# esa gks jgs ikl&iM+ksl lgHkkkfxrkdk;ZØe o lksekyw (ukbthfj;k) esa gks jgslgHkkxh 'kgjh ,D'ku Iyku dks Hkh fy;k tkldrk gSA

lexz #i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd lq'kkluo xoZusal ds ukjksa o tqeyksa ij vkèkkfjrHkkxhnkjh ladYiuk us fuf'pr rkSj ij 'kgjhç'kklu dh cqfu;knh vk;keksa esa ifjorZu djrsgq;s bls 'kgjh xoZusal esa rCnhy fd;k gSAfuf'pr rkSj ij Hkkxhnkjh ds lkeus leL;k,¡vkSj pqukSfr;k¡ vlhe gS ijarq ;g bruk vfèkdlekos'kh ekWMy gS fd blesa vla[; laHkkkouk,¡Hkh fNih gqbZ gSA �


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D;k vki tkurs gSa

ladyu% okfVdk panzk] milaiknd (;kstuk] vaxzsth)bZesy% [email protected]

uohu fodkl cSadDl fodkl cSad ;k uohu fodkl cSad ,dcgqmís';h; fodkl cSad gS tks nqfu;k dh 'kh"kZikap mnh;eku vFkZO;LFkkvksa] czkthy] :l] Hkkjr]

phu vkSj nf{k.k vÚhdk (ftUgsa fczDl ns'k ds uke ls Hkh tkuktkrk gS) esa dke djsxkA bl u;s cSad dh LFkkiuk dk izkFkfedmn~ns'; fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dks èku miyCèkdjkuk gS] tks oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk esa budh izèkkurk dks n'kkZrk gSAbl cSad dh 'kq:vkrh iwath 50 vjc MkWyj gksxh ftls ikapksa ns'kksaesa cjkcj ckaVk tk,xkA buesa 10 vjc MkWyj dh uxn jkf'k lkro"kZ ds fy, j[kh tk,xh tcfd 40 vjc MkWyj xkjaVh ds :i esaj[ks tk,axsA bu ns'kksa us dafVautsalh fjtoZ vjsatesaV (lhvkj,)LFkkfir djus dh Hkh ?kks"k.kk dh ftls 2013 esa gh 100 vjcMkWyj dh fufèk dh Lohd`fr fey pqdh FkhA ;g fczDl ns'kksa dksvkfFkZd ladV ds le; lqj{kk dop iznku djsxk vkSj Í.k Hkqxrkuds lanHkZ esa vYidkfyd lk[k ladV dk lkeuk dj jgs bu ns'kksadks vkikrdkfyd uxn èku Hkh miyCèk djk,xkA

cSad dk eq[;ky; phu ds 'ka?kkbZ essa gksxk vkSj ;g 2016 lsdke djuk 'kq: dj nsxkA lekurk ds vkèkkj ij lHkh lnL; ns'kckjh ckjh ls bl cSad dh vè;{krk djsaxsA igys Ng o"kksZa ds fy,Hkkjr bldk vè;{k gksxkA blds ckn ikap o"kZ ds fy, czkthyvkSj fiQj :l vè;{k gksaxsA funs'kd eaMy dk igyk vè;{kczkthy ls pquk tk,xk tcfd iz'kkld@lapkyd eaMy dk igykvè;{k :l ls pquk tk,xkA ;g O;oLFkk fo'o cSad o varjkZjk"Vªh;eqnzk dks'k (vkbZ,e,iQ) tSlh laLFkkvksa dh O;oLFkk ls vyx gStgka vDlj dksbZ vesfjdh ukxfjd ;k dksbZ ;wjksih; lnL; ghizeq[k gksrk gSA fczDl lhvkj, fczDl ns'kksa rFkk vU; xjhc ns'kksa dsle{k Í.k Hkqxrku esa leL;kvkssa dh fLFkfr esa mUgsa lalkèkumiyCèk djkus okyh vkbZ,e,iQ tSlh laLFkkvksa dk fodYi cudjmHkjsxkA uohu fodkl cSad fiNM+s ns'kksa ds fy, Hkh ,d eap dkdke djsxk vkSj viuh lnL;rk mu ns'kksa dks Hkh miyCèkrkdjk,xk tks fczDl lewg ds vanj ugha gSaA

bl rjg ;g orZeku varjkZjk"Vªh; foÙk O;oLFkk esa fo'o cSadds ,dkfèkdkj dks cM+h pqukSrh ns jgk gSA fczDl usrk 'ks;j cktkjesa vikjn'khZ oky LVªhV tuZy ds izHkqRo dks de djus ds fy,fczDl fofue; xBtksM+ vkSj ÅtkZ {ks=k esa vareZgk}hih; ,Dlpsat(vkbZlhbZ) ds izHkqRo dks de djus ds fy, ÅtkZ xBtksM+ ij Hkhfopkj dj jgs gSaA ;s pkjksa laLFkk,a (uohu fodkl cSad] lhvkj,]fczDl fofue; xBtksM+ vkSj fczDl ÅtkZ xBtksM+) tc dke dkt'kq: dj nsaxh rks u;h varjkZjk"Vªh; vkfFkZd O;oLFkk LFkkfir djusdh fn'kk esa O;kid ifjorZu ns[kus dks feysaxsA

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jdkj us foRr o"kZ 2014&15ds ctV esa fo'o Lrj ds 100LekVZ 'kgj cukus dh ?kks"k.kk

dh gSA izèkkuea=kh dk liuk gS fd cM+s 'kgjksads lsVykbZV VkmUl vkSj ekStwnk eè;e vkdkjds 'kgjksa ds vkèkqfudhdj.k ds :i esa 100LekVZ 'kgj fodflr fd, tk,aA bu 'kgjksa dsfodkl ds fy, 70 vjc 60 djksM+ #i;sdk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA ns'k esa mHkj jgku;k eè;e oxZ csgrj thou Lrj dh vkdka{kkj[krk gSA bu LekVZ 'kgjksa esa vkèkqfud lqfoèkkvksads lkFk&lkFk f'k{kk] vkSj jkstxkj ds voljHkh miyCèk gksaxsA vHkh rd vkerkSj ijf'k{kk] jkstxkj vkSj euksjatu ds lcls T;knkvolj 'kgjksa vkSj dLcksa esa gh ns[kus dksfeyrs gSa ftuds dkj.k cM+h la[;k esa yksxxkaoksa ls fudy dj 'kgjksa esa vk jgs gSaA 'kgjksadh bl c<+rh vkcknh dks lek;ksftr djusds fy, ;fn u, 'kgj fodflr ugha fd,x, rks ekStwnk 'kgj jgus ;ksX; ugha jgsaxsA

ns'k esa u;s 'kgjksa dh rRdky vko';drkgSA ,d vuqeku ds eqrkfcd vxys 20 o"kksZads nkSjku gj feuV ij 30 Hkkjrh; xkaoksa dksNksM+dj 'kgjh bykds esa vk tk,axsA lu~ 2050rd 70 izfr'kr yksx 'kgjksa esa jg jgs gksaxsA blsns[krs gq, Hkkjr dks vxys nks n'kdksa esa 500u;s 'kgjksa dh t#jr iM+sxhA tSls tSls 'kgjhtula[;k c<+sxh] 'kgjh cqfu;knh <kaps dh ekaxHkh c<+sxh ftuesa ifjogu] LokLF; ns[kHkky]f'k{kk vkSj lkoZtfud lqj{kk 'kkfey gSA

mHkjrh gqbZZ vkSj LFkkfir vFkZO;oLFkkvksanksuksa ds fy, LekVZ 'kgj vfuok;Z gSaA 'kgjhvkcknh tks 2001 esa 27-8 izfr'kr Fkh og

2026 esa c<+dj 38-2 izfr'kr gks tk,xhA blc<+rh vkcknh dks lek;ksftr djus ds fy,u, 'kgjksa dh vko';drk gSA eSdsUth XykscybaLVhV~;wV dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ds'kgjksa esa jgus okys yksxksa dh la[;k 2030rd c<+dj 59 djksM+ gks tk,xh tks 2008 esa34 djksM+ FkhA fjiksVZ esa lq>ko fn;k x;k gSfd mfpr fu;kstu ls Hkkjrh; 'kgj ldy?kjsyw mRikn dk 70 izfr'kr ns ldrs gSa vkSj2030 rd ns'k dh izfr O;fDr vk; pkj xqukc<+ ldrh gSA Hkkjr dk LFkku mu ns'kksa esanwljk gS tgka lcls vfèkd 'kgjh bykds gSaAdqy 5 yk[k yksxksa ls vfèkd dh vkcknhokys LFkku dks 'kgj ds :i esa ifjHkkf"krfd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ifjHkk"kk ds eqrkfcdHkkjr esa ,sls 93 bykds gSa vkSj gekjh vkcknhdk djhc NBk fgLlk bu bykdksa esa jgrk gSAphu ,dek=k ,slk ns'k gSa tgka Hkkjr dhrqyuk esa bl rjg ds {ks=k vfèkd gSaA

LekVZ flVh nks rjg ls clk, tk,axsA igykdqN iqjkus 'kgjksa dks gh LekVZ flVh esa cnyktk,xk vkSj nwljk iwjh rjg ls dqN u, 'kgjclk, tk,axsA ns'k Hkj esa LekVZ 'kgjksa dh ;kstuk,slh i¼fr ij vkèkkfjr gksxh ftuesa 'kgjksa dhvkèkqfud voèkkj.kk ij xkSj djrs gq, Bksl vkSjrjy dpjk izcaèku dh lqfoèkk gks rkfd LoPN'kgjksa dk fuekZ.k gks ldsA bu 'kgjksa esa ,slsbartke gksaxs rkfd nqxZaèk] 'kksj] iznw"k.k vkSj HkhM+&HkkM+de ls de gks] fctyh dh csgrj vkiwfrZ gksvkSj ifjogu O;oLFkk Hkh nq#Lr jgsA

bu vkèkqfud 'kgjksa esa i;kZoj.k dks è;kuesa j[krs gq, dbZ fo'ks"k lqfoèkk,a fodflr dhtk,axhA ÅtkZ laj{k.k ds fy, fo'ks"k rduhd

ysf[kdk ofj"B i=kdkj gSaA 1986 ls 2004 rd ihVhvkbZ Hkk"kk esa eq[; mi laiknd jghaA blds ckn bafM;k Vhoh esa lekpkj laiknd vkSj izksM~;wlj jghaA laizfr Lora=ki=kdkfjrk fofHkUu i=k if=kdkvksa esa ys[k izdkf'krA bZesy% [email protected]

fØ;kUo;u

dfork iar

ns'k esa igyh ckj O;kid

iSekus ij fo'o Lrjh;

lqfoèkkvksa ls ySl 'kgjksa dk

tky fcNkus dh ;kstuk ewrZ

:i ys jgh gSA bl o"kZ ds

ctV esa ?kksf"kr 100 LekVZ

'kgj tc vius okLrfod

vkdkj esa vka,xs rks buds

fuoklh okLro esa thou ds

vkuUn dks eglwl dj ik,axsA

ukxfjd lqfoèkkvksa ls ysdj

jkstxkj ds voljksa rd bu

'kgjksa dk pfj=k LekVZ cukus ds

dksf'k'k iqjtksj dh x;h gSA bl

dM+h ds vkajfEHkd 'kgjksa ds

2021 rd vkdkj ysus ds

mEehn gSA 'kq:vkrh LekVZ

'kgj fnYyh] eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd

xfy;kjs ds bnZ fxnZ gksaxs

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lwpuk rduhd ls ySl gksaxs LekVZ 'kgj


viukbZ tk,xhA bu 'kgjksa ds lkFk ekyokgdxfy;kjksa dk Hkh fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xkA yksxcsgrj f'k{kk] gfjr dk;ZØe] ljdkj rd vklkuhls igqap] lLrs edku vkSj ofj"B ukxfjdksa dsfy, vfèkd fodYi pkgrs gSaA Hkkjr ds lanHkZesa LekVZ 'kgj ,slk 'kgj gksxk tgka yksxksa dks;krk;kr izcaèk] fctyh] dpjk izcaèk] VsDuksykWthvkSj mlds j[kj[kko] baVjusV] xSl] ikuh vkSjfctyh dh lqfoèkk feysA lHkh ukxfjd ,dnwljs ls tqM+s gksas vkSj 'kgj esa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZdk bLrseky gksA

izèkkuea=kh us xqtjkr ds eq[;ea=kh ds in ijjgrs gq, 2011 esa bl fn'kk esa cM+h igy dhFkhA vgenkckn ds utnhd 903 oxZ fdyksehVj{ks=k esa cu jgk vkS|ksfxd 'kgj èkksySjk ns'k dh'kq#vkrh LekVZ flVh esa ls ,d gksxkA ;gfnYyh&eqEcbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs dk fgLlk gSAbls xqtjkr baVjus'kuy iQhusfU'k;y VSd&flVh;kuh ^fxÝV* uke fn;k x;k gSA bls Ng pj.kksa

gksxkA 'kgj esa fctyh&ikuh dh rjg baVjusVlsok Hkh miyCèk djkbZ tk,xhA 'kgj ds vanjdke dks O;ofLFkr djus ds fy, lwpuk vkSjlapkj dsUnz cuk;k tk,xk vkSj ckfj'k ds ikuhdks bdV~Bk djds mls nksckjk bLrseky esa ykusdh O;oLFkk dh tk,xhA ckfj'k ds ikuh dsHkaMkj.k dh O;oLFkk djus ls ns'k esa ikuh dsladV dks dkiQh gn rd nwj fd;k tk ldrkgS vkSj èkjrh dk tyLrj Hkh c<+ ldrk gSAftu LFkkuksa ij fdlkuksa us viuh dksf'k'kksa lsckfj'k ds ikuh dk lap; fd;k gS ogka iQlysavPNh gqbZ gS vkSj tyLrj c<+k gSA

fnYyh&eqEcbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs dh igyspj.k dh ifj;kstuk esa 'ksUnzs fcMfdu vkS|ksfxd'kgj] djukM esa ykWftfLVd ikdZ] vkSjaxkcknesa izn'kZuh vkSj lEesyu dsUnz] 'ksUnzk esa tykiwfrZdh ;kstuk 'kkfey gksxhA bu ifj;kstukvksa lsdjhc 3]30]000 yksxksa ds fy, jkstxkj l`tugksus dk vuqeku gSA egkjk"Vª vkS|ksfxd fodklfuxe us bl ifj;kstuk ds fy, 3200 gsDVs;jtehu dk vfèkxzg.k dj fy;k gSA ifj;kstukls izHkkfor gksus okys yksxksa dks fodflr {ks=kesa Hkh 15 izfr'kr tehu eqgS;k djkbZ tk,xhAvuqeku gS fd vxys n'kd rd fnYyh&eqEcbZvkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs ls lVs vkS|ksfxd 'kgjksa esajkstxkj ds volj nksxqus gks tk,axsA lkFk ghbl nkSjku bu 'kgjksa dk vkS|ksfxd mRiknurhu xquk c<+ tk,xk vkSj fu;kZr pkj xquk gkstkus dk vuqeku yxk;k tk jgk gSA

Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa dks jkstkuk c<+rh HkhM+]VªSfiQd ds ekeys esa viQjk&riQjh] ikuh vkSjfctyh dh deh tSlh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeukdjuk iM+ jgk gSA LekVZ 'kgj bu leL;kvksads lekèkku esa loZJs"B fodYi gks ldrs gSaA

bu 'kgjksa esa csgrj LokLF; lqfoèkk miyCèkdjkus ds fy;s izkFkfed fpfdRlky; ls ysdj,El dh rtZ ij Vªªksek lsaVj vkSj bejtsalhfjLikal flLVe cuk;k tk;sxkA blds lkFkvkikr fLFkfr esa ejht dks vLirky igqapkusds fy;s ,Ecqysal lsok rRdky miyCèk djkusds mik; gkssaxsA thounkf;uh lsok,a vklkuh lsmiyCèk djkus ds fy;s vLirkyksa vkSj vfXu'keulsok dsUnzksa esa tulaidZ dsUnzksa dks baVjusV dstfj;s iQksu uacjksa ls tksM+k tk;sxk ftlls t:jriM+us ij enn nsus esa dksrkgh ugha gksA

;qokvksa dks jkstxkj eqgS;k djkus ds fy;sgj LekVZ flVh dk ,d dkWeu MkVkcsl cusxk

ftlls dHkh Hkh ;g tkudkjh gkfly dh tkldsxh fd mudh 'kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk ds vuqlkjml oDr ukSdjh dgka miyCèk gSA iQjojh2015 esa dsanzh; ctV is'k gksus ls igys dqNLekVZ flVh dh MsVkcsl izkstsDV fjiksVZ rS;kjgks tk;sxhA ;s ;kstuk,a vxys 25 o"kZ dht:jrksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj cukbZ tk,axhrkfd gj LekVZ flVh esa gj lky vkus okyhvkcknh ds fglkc ls O;oLFkk cuh jgsA

LekVZ flVh esa fofHkUu lsokvksa dks eksckbyiQksu ls tksM+k tk;sxk D;ksafd bldk mi;ksxvfèkdrj yksx dj jgs gSaA LekVZ flVh dh;kstuk cukus ds fy;s ubZ fnYyh ds us'kuybaLVhV~;wV vkiQ vcZu viQs;lZ] gSnjkckn ds,MfefuLVªsfVo LVkiQ dkyst vkSj vgenkcknds lsaVj iQkWj ,uok;jesaVy Iykfuax ,aM VsDuksykWthdks Hkh tksM+k tk jgk gSA blds fy;s jkT;ljdkjksa ls ckrphr 'kq: gks pqdh gSA

bu 'kgjksa esa ihus ds ikuh vkSj ckdh

esa fodflr fd;k tk,xkA 'kgj ds 540 oxZfdyksehVj {ks=k dks fodflr djus dk dke2021 rd iwjk gks tkus dh mEehn gSA ;g ns'kdk igyk baVjus'kuy iQhusfU'k;y VSd LekVZflVh gksxkA bl ifj;kstuk ij 70]000 djksM+#i;s ykxr vk,xhA bl ifj;kstuk ds tfj;s 5yk[k yksxksa ds fy, lhèkh ukSdfj;ka rFkk 5 yk[kyksxksa dks vizR;{k :i ls jkstxkj feyus dkvuqeku gSA bl LekVZ 'kgj esa cuus okys fV~ouVkoj ds utnhd 12 fdyksehVj yach ,d lqjaxcukbZ tk jgh gS ftlesa 'kgj ds fy, ikuh dhikbiykbu] fctyh ykbu] vkfIVdy iQkbcjvkSj lhoj dk tky fCkNk;k tk,xkA blh lqjaxls xqtjus okyh ,d ikbiykbu ?kjksa ls fudyusokys dpjs dks 90 fdyksehVj izfr ?kaVs dhjÝrkj ls lks[k ysxh vkSj dpjk lhèks ikbiykbUkds tfj;s dpjk izLkaLdj.k la;a=k esa igqap tk,xkA'kgj esa vPNh LokLF; lsokvksa dk bartke

t:jrksa ds fy;s ikuh dh vkiwfrZ vyxvyx djus dh ;kstuk ij dke 'kq: gkspqdk gSA ,d ckj ikuh dk bLrseky gksus dsckn fiQj ls mlds bLrseky ds rjhdksa ijxkSj fd;k tk jgk gSaA bl ckjs esa izkjafHkdppkZ gks pqdh gS ftlesa ;g ik;k x;k fdikuh dh vkiwfrZ nq#Lr djus ds lkFk mldsfjlko vkSj cckZnh dks jksdus dh t:jr gSA

ljdkj us flaxkiqj ds F;kuftu ukWystflVh tSls 'kgj cukus esa fnypLih fn[kkbZ gSAflaxkiqj ds fons'k ea=kh ds "k.keqxe ds vuqlkjHkkjr ds izèkkuea=kh dh canjxkgksa] canjxkgksads izcaèku] dkS'ky fodkl] LekVZ 'kgjksa dsfodkl vkSj ikuh ds bartke esa fnypLih gSAJh "k.keqxe us Hkkjr ljdkj dks fo'oklfnyk;k gS fd flaxkiqj viuh rduhd vkSjvuqHkoksa dks Hkkjr ds lkFk ckaVsxkA flaxkiqj usfnYyh&eqEcbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs ds chp 7

vgenkckn ds utnhd 903 oxZfdyksehVj {ks=k esa cu jgk vkS|ksfxd'kgj èkksySjk ns'k dh 'kq#vkrh LekVZflVh esa ls ,d gksxkA ;g fnYyh&eqEcbZvkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs dk fgLlk gSA blsx qtjkr b aVju s'kuy iQhu sfU'k;yVSd&flVh ;kuh fxÝV* uke fn;k x;kgSA bls Ng pj.kksa esa fodflr fd;ktk,xkA

fnYyh&eqEcbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjsdh igys pj.k dh ifj;kstuk esa 'ksUnzsfcMfdu vkS|ksfxd 'kgj] djukM esaykWftfLVd ikdZ] vkSjaxkckn esa izn'kZuhvkSj lEesyu dsUnz] 'ksUnzk esa tykiwfrZdh ;k stuk 'k k fey gk sxh A buifj;kstukvksa ls djhc 3]30]000 yksxksads fy, jkstxkj l`tu gksus dk vuqekugSA


xzhuiQhYM LekVZ flVh cukus esa lg;ksx djusdh bPNk Hkh O;Dr dh gSA

LekVZ flVh fodflr djus ds fy;s flaxkiqjdks ekWMy ds :i esa pquk x;k gSA bldsvuq:i 'kgj ds chp ckx cxhps yxkus dhugha cfYd ckx cxhpksa ds chp 'kgj clkusdh voèkkj.kk gSA gj LekVZ flVh esa jlksbZxSl dh vkiwfrZ ikbi ykbu ls djus dh;kstuk gSA dbZ egkuxjksa vkSj mlds vkliklds miuxjksa esa ikbZiykbu ds tfj;s xSl miyCèkdjkus dk dke igys ls py jgk gSA bZxouZusal dks c<+kok fn;k tk;sxk ftlls ikuhfctyh jlksbZ xSl ds fcy laifRr dj tekdjkus tUe ,oa e`R; izek.k i=k ikus ds fy;s

lsaVj fodflr fd;s tk;saxsALdwyksa esa LekVZ cksMZ ij i<+kbZ dks c<+kok

fn;k tk,xkA lHkh Ldwyksa dks fodYIk fn;ktk,xk fd os izkstsDVj esa nh tk jgh VsDuksykWthdk bLrseky djsaA tkiku vkSj phu esa blrjg dh i<+kbZ izpyu esa vk jgh gSA LekVZflVh ifj;kstuk dk vkèkkj nqfu;k ds cM+s'kgjksa ds ekWMy gSaA bUgsa Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa dsfglkc ls <kyk tk jgk gSA tSls ;equk ,Dlizslos ij xkfM+;ksa dh jÝrkj ij utj j[kus dsfy, Dykst lfdZV dSejs yxk, x, gSa vkSjiSny pyus okyksa dh rLohjsa [khaph tkrh gSaALekVZ 'kgjksa esa ;g Hkh O;oLFkk gksxh fdyksxksa dks vius ?kj ds ckgj 500 ehVj dsiQklys ij lkoZtfud okgu fey ldsA bllslM+dksa ij futh okguksa dh la[;k de gksxhvkSj tke yxus ls Hkh NqVdkjk feysxkAts,u,u;wvkj,e Ldhe okys 65 'kgj ckdh10 yk[k ls vfèkd dh vkcknh okys 'kgjLekVZ flVh cusaxsA

vkcw èkkch esa elnj flVh bldk lVhdmnkgj.k gS ftls O;olkf;d n`f"V ls 2025rd ,d yk[k yksxksa ds fy, yacs le; rdfVdus yk;d cuk fn;k tk,xkA bl flVh esalkSj ÅtkZ vkSj uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ dk bLrsekyfd;k tk,xk tgka dkcZu dh ek=kk ugha gksxhvkSj i;kZoj.k dks uqdlku ugha igqapsxkA

fnYyh&eqEcbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs esa 7vkSj LekVZ 'kgjksa ij dke py jgk gSA buesaèkkSYksjk] vgenkckn_ 'ksUnzk&fcMfdu vkS|ksfxdikdZ] vkSjaxkckn] egkjk"Vª_ ekuslj&ckoy]gfj;k.kk_ [kqq'k[ksM+k&fHkokM+h&uhejkuk] jktLFkku_ihreiqj&èkkj&eÅ] eè; izns'k_ nknjh&uks,Mk&xkft;kckn] mRrj izns'k_ fn?kh iRru vkS|ksfxd{ks=k] egkjk"Vª_ ikSUusjh] rfeyukMq_ d".kkirue]vkaèkz izns'k vkSj rqedwj] dukZVd 'kkfey gSaAgfj;k.kk] egkjk"Vª vkSj xqtjkr esa ik;yVifj;kstuk ij dke 'kq# gks pqdk gSA ;gifjdYiuk dh xbZ gS fd bu 'kgjksa dks25&50 oxZ fdyksehVj {ks=k dh Vkmuf'ki ds

fodkl ds lkFk 'kq: fd;k tk,xkA xqtjkrvkSj egkjk"Vª esa rhu cM+s 'kgj fodflr fd,tk,axsA 2019 rd èkkSysjk] 'ksUnzk&fcMfdu esanks LekVZ 'kgj vkSj gfj;k.kk esa Xykscy flVhcukus dh ;kstuk gSA

100 LekVZ 'kgjksa ds cu tkus ls ns'k esaedkuksa dh deh dkiQh gn rd nwj gkssxh]LkEifRr dh c<+rh dherksa ij vadq'k yxsxk]vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ka c<+saxh vkSj O;olk; dsu;s dsUnz cusaxs ftuls yk[kksa yksxksa dks jkstxkjfeysxkA 'kgjksa esa edkuksa dh deh dk vkdyudjus ds fy, vkokl vkSj 'kgjh xjhchmUewyu ea=kky; }kjk xfBr ,d rduhdhlewg ds vuqeku ds vuqlkj 10oha iapo"khZ;

LekVZ flVh esa fctyh ikuh dhvkiwfrZ dk lkS fnu dk MsVk j[kk tk;sxkfiQj ekax ds vuqlkj lqxe vkiwfrZ dhO;oLFkk dh tk;sxhA ikuh ds lkFk jlksbZxSl dh vkiwfrZ iz.kkyh dh dEI;wVj lsekfuVfjax dh tk;sxhA vxj dgha Hkhyhdst gqvk rks mlds LFkku dh lwpukrqjar fey tk;sxh fiQj mls nq#Lr djusdh O;oLFkk dh tk;sxhA

'kgjksa esa edkuksa dh deh dkvkdyu djus ds fy, vkokl vkSj'kgjh xjhch mUewyu ea=kky; }kjk xfBr,d rduhdh lewg ds vuqeku dsvuqlkj 10oha iapo"kh Z; ;k stuk(2007&08) dh lekfIr ij ns'k esa 2djksM+ 47 yk[k 10 gtkj edkuksa dhdeh FkhA

ykbu esa ugha yxuk iMs+A baVjusV vkSj eksckbyiQksu ij lkjh ljdkjh nsunkjh dh tkudkjhgkfly gks vkSj lcdk vkWuykbu Hkqxrkufd;k tk ldsA LekVZ flVh esa fctyh ikuhdh vkiwfrZ dk lkS fnu dk MsVk j[kk tk;sxkfiQj ekax ds vuqlkj lqxe vkiwfrZ dh O;oLFkkdh tk;sxhA ikuh ds lkFk jlksbZ xSl dhvkiwfrZ iz.kkyh dh dEI;wVj ls ekfuVfjax dhtk;sxhA vxj dgha Hkh yhdst gqvk rks mldsLFkku dh lwpuk rqjar fey tk;sxh fiQj mlsnq#Lr djus dh O;oLFkk dh tk;sxhA flaxkiqjdh rtZ ij dpjk isfV;ksa dh thih,l dsekè;e ls fuxjkuh j[kh tk;sxhA gkfudkjddpjs vFkZkr IykfLVd bysDVªkfud cksryvkfn ds fy;s vyx ls Maafiax ;kMZ rS;kjfd;k tk;sxk vkSj ckdh dpjs ds fy;s izkslaflax

;kstuk (2007&08) dh lekfIr ij ns'k esa2 djksM+ 47 yk[k 10 gtkj edkuksa dh dehFkhA 11oha ;kstuk esa 18 yk[k 20 gtkjvfrfjDr ?kjksa dh vko';drk dk vuqekuyxk;k x;kA vHkh ns'k esa 2 djksM+ 65 yk[k30 gtkj ?kjksa dh deh gSA

fo'o Lrj ds u;s LekVZ 'kgj cukus dhizèkkuea=kh ujsUnz eksnh dh ;kstuk fMftVyHkkjr dh vksj c<+us dh fn'kk esa ,d cM+kdne gSA eksnh ljdkj us 'kgjhdk.k dkspqukSrh ekuus ds ctk; volj ds :i esa ysusdk vkÉoku fd;k gSA ljdkj us cM+k jksMeSi rS;kj fd;k gS vkSj mls Hkjkslk gS fd tcns'k viuh Lora=krk ds 75 o"kZ iwjs djsxk rksizR;sd ifjokj ds ikl viuk iDdk ?kj gksxkvkSj ikuh fctyh ifjogu dh lsok csjksdVksdmiyCèk gksxhA �

;kstukvksa ij vey djus dh uhfr dks vkxsc<+k jgs gSaA D;k ,sls dk;ZØeksa dk ykHkmBkdj gekjs uhfr&fuekZrk vkSj uxj lsodD;wjhVhck dk vuqlj.k djds ,dhÑr 'kgjdk fodkl djsaxs ;k xjhcksa vkSj vehjksa dschp Åaph nhokjsa [kM+h djds izQkal ds 'kgjksa

ds jkLrs ij c<+s axs ftls igys nqfu;kvyx&vyx tqeyksa ls lacksfèkr djrh Fkh&I;kjdk 'kgj] lqxUèkksa dk 'kgj] rgthc dk'kgj] thou&'kSyh dk 'kgj] jks'kuh dk 'kgjAysfdu VqdM+ksa & VqdM+ksa esa fd, x, fodklvkSj oafprksa dh cafn'kksa dh ftUnxh us o"kZ2005 ds nkSjku izQkal esa ,slk miQku iSnk dj

fn;k x;k fd izQkal ljdkj dh pwysa fgy xbZavkSj vkuu&iQkuu esa yxkbZ xbZ ^vkikrdky*ls Hkh ^vkØks'k* nck, ugha nckA

Hkkjr ds fy, ekSdk gS ^ldy jk"Vªh;[kq'kgkyh* ds ekunaM dks ikus dk] ftldsvkèkkj ij ge ,d lerkewyd vkSj yksdrkaf=kd'kgj ds lius dh rjiQ c<+ ldsaA �

(i`"B 14 dk 'ks"kka'k)


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lgHkkxh 'kklu ds fy, bZ&iksVZy

gHkkxh 'kklu ds fy, gky gh esa ,d igy bZ&iksVZy ds :i esadh x;h gSA ^ekbZxkWo^ uked bl iksVZy dk ukxfjdksa dks vko';d

eqn~nksa ij ppkZ ds lkFk lkFk mUgsa bl fn'kk esa dke djus dk ekSdk nsuk gSAjk"Vªh; lwpuk dsanz (,uvkbZlh) }kjk lapkfyr bl eap ij LoPN xaxk] LoPNHkkjr] dq'ky Hkkjr] fMftVy Hkkjr] ckfydk f'k{kk bR;kfn fo"k; vkèkkfjrlewg cuk;s x;s gSaA gjsd lewg ds Lo;alsoh vkWuykbZu vkSj tehuh dk;ksZa dhftEesnkjh ysaxsA lHkh ukxfjdksa ds fy, [kqys bl eap ij fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ijlkewfgd ppkZ,a gksaxh vkSj ,d lewg@O;fDr }kjk lq>k, x;s fopkjksa ij nwljslewg esa Hkh ppkZ dj fodkl izfØ;k esa lcdh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djus dkiz;kl fd;k tk,xkA

xksoa'k dk laj{k.k

'kh xk;ksa dh uLyksa ds laj{k.k vkSj mudh mRikndrk c<+kus ds fy,^^jk"Vªh; xksdqy fe'ku** uked ;kstuk 500 djksM #i;s dh ykxr ls

'kq: dh x;h gSA dukZVd dh d`".kk ?kkVh] dsjy dh ospqj vkSj vkaèkz izns'k dhiaxkuqj vkfn uLyksa dks blds fy, fpfg~ur fd;k x;k gSA fe'ku ds rgr buuLyksa dh nqXèk mRiknu {kerk c<+kus ds fy, vuqlaèkku] ns'kh eos'kh dsanzksa(xksdqy xzke) rFkk xksikyu la?kksa dh LFkkiuk vkfn dk;Z fd;s tk,axsA xksdqyxzke ;kstuk ds rgr loZJs"B dsUnz dk izcaèku djus okys fdlku dks ^^xksikyjRu** iqjLdkj Hkh iznku fd;k tk,xkA

;wvkbZih ds rgr rhu u;s Vhds

jdkj us lkoZf=kd Vhdkdj.k dk;ZØe (;wvkbZih) ds rgr cPpksa dsfy, rhu u;s Vhds miyCèk djkus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA ;s batsDVscy

iksfy;ks] :csyk vkSj jksVkok;jl Vhds gSaA bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; 2015 rdf'k'kq e`R;q dks nks frgkbZ de djus ds lglzkfCn fodkl y{; dks iwjk djuk gSAvc ;wvkbZih ds rgr gj o"kZ nks djksM+ 70 yk[k cPpksa ds fy, 13 tkuysokchekfj;ksa ls cpko ds Vhds miyCèk jgsaxsA

Hkfo"; fufèk igpku la[;k ds fy, vkWuykbZu lqfoèkk

;ksDrkvksa dks Hkfo"; fufèk igpku la[;k tkjh djus ds fy, vkWuykbZuiksVZy dh lqfoèkk Je ,oa jkstxkj ea=kky; us gky esa gh 'kq: dh gSA

fiQygky ;g la[;k vkWiQykbZu rjhds ls gkfly djus esa de ls de 20 fnuyx tkrs gSaA vkWuykbZu izfØ;k gksus ds ckn bl le; esa dkiQh cpr gksxhAblds fy, daifu;ksa dks deZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk laxBu dh osclkbV ijiathdj.k djkuk gksxkA

jktekxZ ifj;kstukvksa dks Lohd`fr

M+d ifjogu ,oa jktekxZ ea=kky; us 40]000 djksM+ :i;s dh ykxrls jktekxZ ifj;kstukvksa dks eatwjh nh gS ftUgsa nks o"kZ esa iwjk fd;k tkuk

gSA buesas ls vfèkdka'k ifj;kstuk,a tEew&d'ehj] fgekpy izns'k] mRrjk[kaM ,oaiwoksZRrj ds jkT;ksa esa gSaA blesa ls 20]000 djksM+ vdsys tEew&d'ehj dks fn;sx;s gSa tgka jktekxksZa dks Vwysu vkSj iQksjysu esa cnyk tkuk gSA

9 fo|qr forj.k ifj;kstukvksa dks Lohd`fr

Pp {kerk dh varjkZT;h; fo|qr vkiwfrZ ykbuksa ds fy, 12]500 :i;sdh dqy ykxr ls ukS u;h fo|qr forj.k ifj;kstukvksa dks Lohd`fr nh

x;h gS ftuls gfj;k.kk] NÙkhlx<+] eè; izns'k vkSj egkjk"Vª vkfn jkT;ksa dksiQk;nk feysxkA bu ifj;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls vkxkeh rhu o"kksZa esa var{ks=kh;fo|qr forj.k ykbZuksas dh {kerk esa yxHkx 28]000 esxkokV dh o`f¼ gksxhrkfd ;g {kerk 2017 rd 66]000 esxkokV ls vfèkd gks tk,A

lHkh jkT;ksa esa iQkbZy fuxjkuh iz.kkyh

eh.k fodkl ea=kky; lHkh jkT;ksa esa iQkbZy fuxjkuh iz.kkyh (,iQVh,l)LFkkfir djsxkA blds rgr lHkh xzkeh.k fodkl lfpoky;ksa dks ,d

vkbZMh vkSj ikloMZ fn;k tk,xk ftlds tfj, os ,iQVh,l esa izos'k dj fdlhHkh iQkbZy dh tkudkjh ys ldsaxsA gkykafd blesa lacafèkr jkT; viuh vksj lsfd;s x;s vuqjksèkksa ds ckjh esa gh ns[k ldsaxs u fd fdlh vU; jkT; ds vuqjksèkksads ckjs esaA blls eujsxk vkSj jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku tSlh egRoiw.kZ;kstukvksa ls lacafèkr iQkbyksa dh Rofjr Lohd`fr esa enn feysxhA

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