DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 309 920 SE 050 399

TITLE Science and Technology Data Book, 1989.INSTITUTION National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Div. of

Science Resources Studies.RT:PORT NO NSF-88-332PUB DATE 89

NOTE 59p.; For 1988 issue see ED 290 635. Contains somesmall type and colored graphs which may not reproducewell.

PUB TYPE Statistical Data (110)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *College Science; Doctoral Degrees; Employment

Patterns; Financial Support; Global Approach;Graduate Students; Higher Education; *HumanResources; *International Trade; Minority Groups;*Research and Development; tScience and Society;Statistics; Tables (Data); ',Technology

ABSTRACTDesigned to provide easy access to information

pertaining= science and technology, this data book providesindicato a: (1) funding for research and development; (2) humanresources utilization and supply; and (3) international science andtechnology indicators. Graphs and charts are used to note researchand development efforts from a nationwide perspective withexpenditures from federal, industrial and academic sourcesillustrated. Comparative graphs on human resources provide data onemployed scientists and engineers, e. ployed doctorates, women inscience and technology, racial minorities, and school retentionrates. In additior, assessments of the supply of professionals inscience and technology are presented by type and number of degreesawarded, and full-time graduate students currently enrolled. Severalinternational science and technology indicators are outlined, such asratios of research and development to gross national product (bycountry), U.S. patents granted to U.S. and foreign inventors, data onU.S. trade balances in high technology, and U.S. scientific andtechnical publications as compared to world publications. Three pageslist other science resources. (MV

**********************************P************************************

* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *from the original document.* *

***********************************P***********************************

I I I

I I

I

2

o _AIU S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Once of Educabc,ai Research and Improvement

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION

ACENTER (ERIC)

This document has been reproduced asreceived from the person or Organaal.onOnginatmg .t

D Minor changes have been made to improvereproduce on Quality

Points of new or opmons stated in thfsdocument do not necessarily represent off.oal0E111 posbon or polity

as

I

. .

I 3d S I

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS wMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY lar - Tr

t,s F A 4exTO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)"

scienceandtechnology

DATA

1989

BOORDivision of Science Resources Studies

National Science FoundationWashington, D.C. 20550

3

Telephonic Device for the Deaf

The National Science Foundation has Telephonic Device for the Deaf (TDD) capabilitywhich enables individuals with hearing impairment to communicate with the Division ofPersonnel and Management for information relat:n9 to NSF programs, employment, orgeneral information The TDD number is (202) 357-7492

Suggested Citation of This Publication

Science and Technology Data Book (NSF 8P. 332) (Washington D C 19F9)

Contents

R&D Funding

Page

1

National Figure 1 The national R&D effort . 2

Figure 2 National R&D funding by source 3

Figure 3. National R&D funding by performer 4

Figure 4. National R&D spending by character of work 5

Federal Figure 5. Federal R&D obligations by character of work 6

Figure 6. Federal R&D obligations by major agency 7

Figure 7 Federal R&D obligations by major performer 8

Figure 8 Federal obligations for basic research by major field of science/engineering 9Figure 9 Federal obligations for basic research by major agency 10Figure 10. Federal obligations for basic research by major performer 11

Industry Figure 11 Industrial R&D expenditures by source of funds 12Figure 12 Industrial R&D expenditures by character of work 13Figure 13. Company R&D expenditures and R&D/sales ratio of six leading industries 14

Academic Figure 14 Academic R&D expenditures by source 15Figthe 15. Academic R&D expenditures by character of work 16Figure 16. Academic R&D expenditures by field. FY 1987 17Figure 17. Federal obligations to universities and colleges by type of activity 18

III

Human Resources

Utilization Figure 18Figure 19Figure 20Figure 21Figure 22Figure 23Figure 24Figure 25

Figure 26

Supply Figure 27Figure 28Figure 29Figure 30.

Figure 31

Figure 32

Employed scientists /engineers by field 1988Scientists and engineers by field and citizenship 1986Employed scientists and engineers by sector 1988Employed scientists and engineers by primary work activity 1988Employed scientists and engineers by hig' lest degree 1986

Doctoral scientists and engineers by field and citizenship 1985Employed doctorates in science and er.r ineering by f.eld 1985Women and minorities as a proportion of all employed scientists,engineers, and professional workersRetention rates for U S. citizens, fifth grade through receipt ofscience/engineering (S /E) doctorate 1966.86

Bachelor's degrees awarded in major science/engineering fieldsMaster's degrees awarded in major science/engineering fieldsDoctor's degrees awarded in major science/engineering fieldsFull-time science/engineering graduate students in doctorate-grantinginstitutions by source of major support .Full-time science/engineering graduate students in doctorate-grantinginstitutions by type of major support . .Full-time science/engineering graduate students in doctorate-grantinginstitutions by field and citizenship ..

Page

19

20

21

22

23

?4

25

26

27

28

29

3031

32

33

34

6

Iv

8

R&D FUNDING

8

R&D FUNDING

Figure 1. The national R&D effort

Expenditures for research and development = 130.8 billion, 1989 (est.)

By sourceOther

nonprofitinstitutions

\ Universitiesand colleges

By performer

2 8%3 6%FFRDCs°

By character of work

Development

Applied

P.

Federal

Government Basic

,Fuu Dm* odunatnts4redarany NAM res.ucn and cluestpment centers admnistere0 by urtrvars,Des and co4ges

SOURCE Naomi Science FoundabcdAddrtpdai data may be Mimed from Joan R CmoctutD0 SAS Tel (2021614 4625

Employed R&D scientists/engineers= 801,400,' 1987 (est.)

By sector

Othernonprofit

institutions

3 7%

Universitiesand colleges

Industry

Federal

Government

2

figun92. National R&D funding by source

[Dollars in millions]

Average annual rate of change

(Constant (1982) dollars)'

10 10

5 5

0 0

Az5 510 10

1960.68 1968.75 1975.82 1982.88 1988.89

ll'iSt0 on GNP impucn once (*Mat°,SOURCE Matneal St+enf rouktitonAtittbonai cliq May be eeeemee tar John R Chrichutio SRS Tel (262) 634 162$ 10 3

.4 iv-474

-4140.4.7.42,-2L+

sa "°'

_-`45ritiV

e

11'1

o'41t1107.4.1

AA

l

';

I 1 .

Vh

A,

Billions of dollars45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Figure 6. Federal !t&D obligations by major agency

1979 1984

SOURCE tiarial Suva FoundatanAddruodal data may Ds WNW from Margaret R Gtucta, SRS, TN (202) 634 4636

1988 (est )

14

1989 (est.)

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

7

11!=,.1M'

1979

1989

(est.)

Figure 7. Federal R&D obligations by major performer

(Billions of dollars)Current dollars

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

1979

1989

(est.)

Constant (1982) dollars'

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1. 5

.Bas on GNP robot pace deflatorttrou es leder, tunde0 research and development centersSOURCE Na Pout Science founclabonAdd Mortal data may be obtamect from Margaret R Grum SOS, Tel (202) 634 4636 8

Rgurts 8. Fsdsral obligations for basic rsssarch by major timid cf sclanco/onginsoring

Billions of dollars50 50

45

40

35

3^

25

20

15

1.0

.5

1979 80 81 82 83

SOURCE NW:dal Same FeunilowROctionai Oata my De Otamed Iron laroaret R Gwen SRS. To (202) 634 4634

84 85 86 87 88 89

Billions of dollars45

4.0

3.5

30

2.5

2.0

15

1.0

.5

0

Figure 9. Federal obligations for basic research by major agency

1979 1984

SOURCE Nabonal Soviet Foundabon04040V data may be °Mesa frob 1.11t(yaret A Gun SOS, Mobs (202) 634 4636

1988 (est ) 1989 (est.)

45

40

35

30

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

5

0

1

10

Figure 10. Federal obligations for basic research by major performer

(Billions of dollars]Currenl dollars Conslant (1982) dollars'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12

1979 ' 'jegig

1979

1989 1989

(es1.) (es1.)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 1112

'Based on GNP 1m OW bh C deflator'woes federally funded research and development centersSOURCE National Science SJor4abonmamma data may be Warred from Margaret R Gruen SRS Tel (202) 634 4636

1 811

Figure 11. Industrial R&D expenditures by source of funds

+Based on GNP onpbcd pnce debate,

SOURCE Rabaul Some FOut/C42MAt lebbocul Ma may be obt4MO Iran Tunas J Hogan SRS Tel 1202) 634 4648

Billions80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

01980 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

89°1 9

12

-

IMO

4-

Figure 13. Company R&D expenditures and R&D/sales ratio of six leading Industries

Billions of dollars11 11

10 10

9 9

8 8

7 7

6 6

5 5

4 4

3 3

2 2

14,11 1

0Fria

0Electrical

equipmentMachinery Chemicals &

allied productsMotor vehicles Instruments Aircraft & missiles Other

SOURCE Nationd Sdenca FandadonAd(kbonal data may to otaatnad from Thomas 1 Hogan, SRS TN 1202) 634 4648

21

14

Other nonprofit institutions (6%)

NonFederal(40%)

1988

Figure 14. Academic R&D expenditures by scurce

NOTE tne Were' porton ot icacem.c R&D his ranged between 60 percent ano 69 Percent e.,.ng the 1970 88 Dt00(1SOURCE Natonal &arcs i ouncielonA0Cebonal 0714 may be obtamect trcm James B Hoehn SRS Tel (102) 634 4673

2215

Figure 15. Academic R&D expenditures by character of work

Bt Mons of dollars10 10

Average annua rate of cha ge

Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars'

Eras c

research

Applied research

and development

fias,cresearch

10 4% 0 8%

Apphed research

and development

1975 89

1968 1975

Current dollars

1989 (est )

'Based on GNP now pnce deflatorSOURCE NitIONJ Sutra acondatonA004404 aita may be coumed he', times 8 Kenn SOS, tel (202) 611 4677

1968 1975

Constant (1982)'

1989 (est )

23

16

Mathematical sciences (1%)

Psychology (2%)

Other sciences (2%)

Computer sciences (3%)

Social sciences (4%)

Environmentalsciences(7%)

Figure 16. Academic R&D expenditures by field: FY 1987

Total: $12.0 billion

NOTE The Cstqb,,Pon Ot acaoem.c R&E) expenewures .1 re 1968 was eNelThilly the Sane is N FY 1987SOURCE Natanil Sconce FOundllan

A00,1toat MU may be °Owned trON JAM B Hoehn SRS Te, 1202) 634 4673

Academic R&D expenditures by field: FYs 1982-87

(Dollars in billions)

NOTE Because of rounclng CMPOrentS mly MI a90 NOUNSOURCE Nihau. Scence FOunMan

24 17

Figure 17. Federal obligations 'A universities and colleges by type of activity'[Dollars in millions]

25'0e34 tray not add to total Comae 04 roundmg,Tota1 06604 w15 tC, the years 198t through 1983 Noe been eshmated by NSF based on rensel data on student 44 ptov0et1 00 the OtOinment of Eaucinon

'Acioenx reserch and elerelonent I5 estrhatecl it $7 8 Name 101 1988450 38 2 biNgn100 1939 Separate data I the Other ceenconents ol aciarnk science, engineering

an0 non mem*/ envenom.; are not 4044304*Separate 044 were unlyaotati tot Ms component before 1966 IIIS 1041 wan imttoded vottun tN3 total IC. ill One( S E ictnotts for the years 1963 thrOugh 1965 j'Bisect Oft GNP enpot pnce &NitaSOURCE Nitwit Saws foundationAcketonal data may be obtilned trorn WirOarel R GNcza, SRS Tel (202) 634 4636 18

2G

HUMAN RESOURCES

Figure 18. EMployed scientists /engineers by field: 1988 (est.)

Scientists/engineers total = 5.5 million

Aeronautical/astronautical (2%)

Chemical (3%) --

Civil 6% -

Engineers = 2 9 million(52%)

Mathematical (3%)

Scientists = 2.6 million(48%)

4nou6es enorcovnentil sc.entsts 2 percent ot tow svenusts and encpnevs.100620e0 psycnoloosts 6 percent ot total scientals 1,0 en(pneersSOURCE Nittanal Sawa FoundatanMcbbonal Oita may be oPtalned ffom Micruel F Crowiy, SRS TO 12021 634 4664

Employed scientists and engineers by field

20

Figure 19. Scientists and engicars by field and citizenship: 1986

SOURCE NItoNlil Some FounclibonAoch lanai intarnabon rety be ottt,neo Iran Motel i C Wey SRS lel 202) 634 4664

28 21

Figure 20. Employed scientists and engineers by sector: 1988 (est.)

Scientists /engineers,total = 5.5 million

Federal Government (8%)

Other (10%)

Academia (14'4)

Federal Goverment (8%)

Other (13%)

Academia (24%)

Scientists = 2.6 million

Academia (4%)

Federal Goverment (8%)

Other (8%)

Industry (55%)

Engineers = 2.9 million

SOURCE Newel Science FoundatonAddrUonal data may be Warned from hitchael F Crowiey, SRS, Tel (2021 634 4664

2922

Figure 21. Employed scientists and engineers by primary work activity: 1988 (est.)

Teaching (8%)

Managemer: (27%)

Teaching (14%;

Management (25%)

Scientists / engineerstotal = 5.5 million

Scientists = 2.6 million

Teaching (2%)

Management (30%)

Engineers = 2.9 million

SOURCE National SOW. CouritilbenAdditional data may 0 4 MUM from Mo.* Gamy, IRS, 11 t202) 634 4664 23

Figure 22. Employed scientists and engineers by highest degree: 1986

Scientists/ engineerstotal = 4.6 million

Other (6%)

Doctorate (13%)

Master's (24%;

Other (1%)

Doctorate (23%)

Master's (24%)

Scientists = 2.2 million Engineers = 2.4 million

Bachelor's (52%)

Bachelor s (57%)

Doctorate (4%)Bachelor's (60%)

Other (13%)

Master's (23%)

NOTE Because 01 roundup components may no ida to totals

SOURCE NAPO SCAM/ FounctabonAddRional data may be obtained from Alchaet F Gooney SRS, lel (202) 634 4664

3 1

24

Figure 23. Doctoral scientists and engineers by field and citizenship: 1985

'Too tow cases 10 *goat°SOURCE Nattonal Soeoce foundationAO0d,owal mlormatoo may ta ottamed from MKRael F Crowley. SRS Tel (202) 634 4664

44

3225

Scientists = 334,500

Computer specialists (4%)

Mathematical (5%) /\

figure 24. Employed doctorates In science and engineering by field: 1985

Scientists/engineers total = 400,400

Engineers = 65,900

Aeronautical/astronautical (6%)

Civil (10%)

Mechanical

(10%)

.1001uoes enwonmeital svenbsts S wont of total svent,sts01rc1o0es psycho:el:pus 16 potent 01 MU venbstsROSE Because of reveling comocoems may not 4E0 to totalsSOURCE Mogul Sconce FouneatemAddttional data may be obtamet from laftbeel F Crowley, SRS, TM (2C21634 4664

Se 3326

Figure 25. Women and

Scientists

Engineers

Professional

workers

0

0

racial minorities as a proportion of all employed scientists, engineers, and professional workers

10 20

Percent

30 40 50

Eng_1976 1986

Black Asian Black Asian

Percent Percent Percent PercentTechnical Nark force of total of total of total of total

Professional workers NA NA 7 NA

Total scientists andengineers 2 5 2 5

Scientists 2 5 3 3

Engineers 1 4 2 5

60

10. 20 30 40 50 60

NOTE NA not orafforoftSOURCES Nattrof SMooco foundaten. SAS, and appannwl d uborAbaticmof OM may Os obtained from Maul y Crorriey. SRS. Tel 1202) 634.4661

3427

Figure 26. Retention rates for U.S. citizens, fifth grade through receipt of science/enginearing (S/E) doctorate: 1966-87

Of the 4,000,000U S 5th -grade pupils

77% graduated fromhigh school

46% entered college

7% received S/Ebachelor's degrees

2% entered S/Egraduate schools

0 4% receivedS/E doctorates

20 40

Percent

60 80 100

0 20 40 60 803JNO1E Calcutanom are bawl on conoartsons Ni catenates for ervotunent and degree awards to U S omens or.ay .

SOURCES Center for EduCitOn StatitICS and Ratemai Sutra icoresaton SOSAllatronai dill may be oatmeal IWO Mary A GOaday, SRS, Tel (2021634 4787

MM.

100

28

Figure 27. Bachelor's degrees awarded in major science/engineering fields

Percent change

140

1976 1981 1986

140

120 Science/engineering, total 292.174 294,867 323.950 120

Engineering, total 39,114 64.068 77,061

Sciences, total 253.060 230,799 246,889

80Lite sciences

Mathematical /computer sciences

77.301

21.749

68,086

26.406

56,465

58,58380

Physical sciences 21,559 24,175 21,862

60Social sciences 132,451 112,132 109,979 60

40 40

20 20

f 50 0

20 201976.81 1981.86

.1

SOURCES caw for Education Statocs and National Sawa f oundaton. SRSACRIMortal data may Of obtairdri from Mary A Golliday. SM. Tor (202) 63447$7 29

Percent change

80

60

40

20

0

20

Figure 28. Master's degrees awarded in major science/engineering fields

1976 1981

Science/engineering, total 54,747 54,811

Engineering, total 16,170 17,373

Sciences, total 38,577 37.438

Life sciences 9,823 9,731

Mathematical /computer sciences 6,466 6.787

Physical sciences 5,485 5,300

Social sciences .. . . 16,803 15,620

62,526

21,314

41,212

8,572

11,241

5,910

15,489

1976.81

SOURCES COMO( la EduCitiOd StitiStCS and Hatwul &isms Foundatoo. SRSAddstiOrlil data may to obtains0 from May A Goitsday. SRS re 1202) 6344767

I. 3 7 1981.86

80

60

40

20

0

20

30

Figure 29. Doctor's degrees awarded in major science /engineering fields

Percent change

60

1977 1982 198750

Science/engineering. total 17,416 17.629 19.222 IEngineering, total e,643 2,646 3.716

40 Sciences, total 14,773 14.982 15,506

Lae sciences 4.266 4,844 4,800Mathematical/computer sciences 964 940 1,190

30 Physical sciences 3.415 3.351 3.679

Social sciences 6.128 5.848 5,679

20

10

0

10

Vi 1

1976.82 1981.87

'Includes win atmoSPhencal and marine soencasImciudts psychologySOURCF National Science Foundahon, SRSAdd& data may be oblainad from Mary A Gc4414iy, SRS. 7.1 (2921634 47(37 38

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

31

Rgure 30. Full -time science/engineering graduate students In doctorate-granting Institutions by source of major support

Percent of total60

50

40

30

20

10

60

Total, all sources

Federal Government

Institutional supportOther outside supportSelf-support

Federal Government Institutional support

SOURCE Nid000l Sono FccoOnon SRSMadams! data may Ds obt4Mod from Mary A GoRalay, SRS T41 (202) 6344787

_ _01n6r outside support

1'OP

Self-support

32

"to

Figure 31. Full-time science /engineering graduate students in doctorate granting institutions by type of major support

Percent of total60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Type of support 1975

_

1986 1987

Total, all types 210,321 259,471 264,862

Fellowship and traineeships 38,812 37,356 37,180Research assistantships 40,136 65,550 69,848Teaching assistantship' 47,348 60,977 60,996Other types of support 84,025 95,588 96,838

Z. ,, -, k11

Fellowships and traineeships Research assistantships

SOWICE eiw Sance Foundahon, SASAdlbanal data mar SeManed tram Vary A Go44047. SOS, 141 (202) 634.471)7

Teaching assistantships

40Other types of support

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

33

Figure 32. Full-tlmn science/engineering graduate students in doctorate-granting institutions by field and citizenship

Thousands70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

4-57.1:7,W;

Field

Total

Life sciencesEngineering

Social sciencesPhysical sciencesPsychology

Computer sciencesMathematical smencesEnvironmental sciences

. 70

Foreign as apercen of total

1975 1986 196/1.4 60

158 281 288

10 9 18 1 19 3 50321 44 5 44 712 4 24 6 14 820 6 34 2 34 9 402 9 47 48

231 40 7 41 418 6 42 2 42 8 309 7 16 5 18 5

20

10

0Life Engineenng Social Physical Psychology Computer Mathematical Environmental

sciences sciences sciences sciences sciences sciences

SOURCE Sitccul Wm, Foultabon SASAdd4ma Oata may be oblamal from Mary A GoRarlay. SAS. TO (202) 634,787 r . 41..0 34

42

INTERNATIONAL S/T INDICATORS

Figure 33. Scientists and engineers engaged In R&D per 10,000 labor force by country

Per 10,000 labor force120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

01969 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

086

NOTE A canoe hes been prowled for the USSR because of the dthcaes coherent m CoMenno Smet scient.f4 personnel dataSOURCES National science Foomliton MS Oroaresatan for toonornc Co Operito and Development, D Robert Campbell (Incloe Unmrpty)AOdeconel Ole My Os Waned from Jenrete WO, MS. TN (202) 634 4640 36

7gure 34. Scientists and engineers engaged in research and development by country: 1965-87[In thousands]

el

NA - Not availableNOTES Table includes at scientists and engineers engaged in research and development on a full time bests except Japan, whose data include persons primarilyemVoyed in research and deve/oPment in natural sciences and engineering and the United Kingdom whose data include only the Government and industry sectors Thefigures for West Germany increase:lin 1979 ra dart because ce InCre Sed coverage Or snot and medium enterprises not surveyed in 1977 The figures for Rance increasedin 1981 ;n pad OA 10 a re evatuatco of unorlfSiry research 'Hods Data are estimated by the National Science Foundation for the following couplesand years France

1986 and 1987 We trmany, 1978 1980 1982, 1984, 1986 and 1987. United Kingdom 1984SOURCES National Science Foundation. SOS. Oegtenisabcn for Economic Co operation and Development and national Pantry data Data for the Soviet Union were pro

Wed by Robert CampOell, Indiana Unnersdy and Harley kizer. Georgetown UnwersityAddrhonal data may be obtained from Jennaer Bond, SRS. Tel (202) 634 4640

4437

Percent4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

01971 73

Figure 35. R&D/GNP by country

75 77 79 81 83 85

40

3.5

3.0

2.5

2 0

1 5

1 0

0 5

087

Percent

40

3 5

3 0

2 5

2.0

1 5

1.0

0 5

01971 73

Nondefense R&D/GNP by country

75 77 79 81 83 85

40

35

1;4

30

25

20

1.5

10

0.5

087

Fronch data are based on GDP and consequent!), percentages may shandy overstated Compared to GNP'Foreign currency oriversions to U S dollars are calculated with OECD Purchasrnd power puny Milano rates Constant 1982 dollars are based on U S Depanrnem 01 Commerce W.P nowt y ,ce dehators

NOTE Data to 1487 vs tu:sed on national estimates of R80 exoenditures Aber 1977, U S data are budget authOrity instead 01 budget obligationsSOURCES National Science foundation. SRS Organisation to Economic Cooperman and Oevtiooment the International Monetary Fund and flatool sourcesAddroonal data may Co obtained from clenndv Bond, SRS. TM (202) 6344 4640 8.

38

Figure 36. National expenditures on research and development' by selected countries: 1980.87

'Gress exPenVures f07 PerfamanCe of R&D rntruding assocsileb (Oda' elPendrtures except for the United Stares i here total moatexcenbitbre data are ribn available

'Conversions of foreign currencres to U S bOra's are calculaieb based on OECD Purchasing power parity exchange rates Constant 1982

boiliars are based on U 5 DeDarernem of Commerce GNP moiled once deflatorsData for 1987 are nitcmil estimates

SOURCES National Science Foundation SRS Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development and national sourcesAdOnonal Data may oe °Cita ned from Jennter Bond SRS Tel 1207) 534 4640

4639

Figure 37. U.S. patents granted to U.S. and foreign inventors by year of application

Thousands (Estimated)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

o1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

87086

SOURCE U S Patent and Trabotnark OfAdditional bala may be obtained from Carlos Krtrytbosca. SRS. TN (2U) 634 4632 r t 47 40

Rgure 38. U.S. receipts and payments of royalties and license fees associated with unaffiliated residents of selected countriesitAdlions of dollars: constant (1982)1

'GNP ampiod price dettatofs used to cowl current to constant 1982 dotarsNOTE NA . Not mist*SOURCE U S Department at CONTIVCI, Bureau of Economic Analysts opubtished dataAdditional data may to obtaned from Cams Kroyteosch, SRS, Tel (202) 6311682 48

.,

41

Figure 39. Foreign direct Investment in the United States

[Millions of dollars constant 1982')

'GNP .m04.01 Price 041141445 used N convert Current Wars t0 COnstant 1992 Wars

SOURCES U S DeDartmer1 Ccenrnerce Jureau of Ecurkeys AinalysiS Selected 04'a on U S Urea Irvestrne61A0road 1966 78 119801 Surrey o' Current Business

IF elsruaey 1981) Ps 50 51 and Surrey Current 8usoness )annual August issues)

Additanai data may be 00ta ncd from Caries Kruy150sch SRS Eel 12021 634 4682

rrr 49 42

[Index: United States = 100]100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Figure 4I) ",iss domestic product per employed person

1970 72 74 76

SOURCE Bureau 44 mot Sub:tics, Department 44 Labor/404lonal date may 04 Obtained tram Jennifer Bond. SAS. Tel (202) 634 4640

78 80

5082 84 86

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

087

43

Figure 41. U.S. trade balance' in high - technology' and nonhigh-technology manufactured products, 1970-87

(Billions of dollars(

4,,,,r("41a,,,e47-,,.Trzer.-Tveugn

r-cor,ft.1"-,,,,,,`,1,,Aterraradea

'U S Depanment or Commerce DOC 3 c'elmrton

estenated

Rote Exports for o 7) 77 tattooe spew( category Worts and 1978 80 ex Mete Pale ',dr( U S vmq,nWaren and tang, cOuntnes After 1977 U S non hrghtechnokgy exports alsorclorle unCocumented

exports to CanadaSOURCES U S Department of Commerce U S Trace Performance on 983 SIV Outlook 1984 and

UMW Stites Pia Performance on 1985 444 Outk:44,, 1986 and unpubl(Sned Oats r r,

ego re

30

20

10 =

30

20

10

0 0

10 1020 2030 3040 4050 5060 6070 7080 $'4., 8090 90100 100110 110120 120130 130140 140

51

1970 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 87

ExPorra less ImpalaSOURCE Department of Commerce internapcnat Track ArammrstratanAO0Monal Om may Be obtained Iron, Jennrter Bono, SRS Tel (202) 634 4643 44

... .Figure 42. Total foreign affiliate assets of U.S. corporations, as a percent of total parent assets: 1986

Industry

All manufacturing industries

Hightechnologymanufacturing industries

Radio, television andcommunications equipment

Electronic componentsand accessories

Office and computingmachines

Drugs and medicines

Industrial chi Ica Isand synthetics

Instruments andrelated products

Engines and turbines

Other manufacturingindustries

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

SOURCE U S De69rImen1 of Commerce Bureau of Economic Anilysly U S Direcl Investment Abroad Se'ectel data for Fofeln AlMiates966 U S Parents m99 Industries Prelmmiry1986 Estifnates

M4 los) data may be Mame:11mm COOS 10160086h SRS. Tel (202) 634 4682 52 45

Figure 43. Exports of high-technology' products as a percent of shipments: 1978-86

S Department of Commerce SOC 3 leurettoosSOURCES U S Department of Commerce intereatanal Trade rfAnnstratern 11 S Trade Performence in 1983 and °oboe (June 1984) and unpublished clala Bureau of

the Census Stabs% s1 Abstract or ate LIMN SUMS 1986 119871 and Bureau 01 the Census Annual Survey of 44,01,C,Ve, 14W Of Pf0dur: S7udreerns1IA851ASI 21

January 1987 and prertus edttemsACcutona' data may be oetalneo !reel Carlos Kruytbosch SRS Tel 12021 631 1582

r 53 46

-L

I II I II ' : I 1

I

0

A

Figure 45. U.S. scientific and technical (S/T) publications as a percent of world S/T publications: 1986

[Percent)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

AU fields

Clinif.,-,1 rmedicine

Biomedicine

Biology

Chemistry

Physics

Earth &space sciences

Engineering &technology

Mathematics

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

NOTE These dal, are based co the articles notes and reviews 19 over 3 000 influential fournals farmed . the 1981 Science Carlon index of the Institute for Scientific Information

M article wntlen by reSeaCherS from more than one Country is prorated aCrosS the COuntneS involved f iSOURCE Ccopvw Horizons, Inc wee

6344682E4i

Other Science Resources Publications

NOTE: Except where otherwise noted, all publications in this list are in paper copy and may be obtained gratis fromthe National Scienc Foundation, Washington, 0 C 20550

HIghiights

R&D r idq

"Economic Outlook and Corporate Mergers Campen Growth in Company R&D"Industrial Biotechnology R&D Performance Increased an limated 12 Percent in 1987 :ci S1 4 Billion

"Non Federal Sources Lead Growth in Academic Researc nstrumentation Support""Real Growth in Academic R&D Spending Slowet. to 2% in FY 1987, Down from 9% in 1986"Real Increase in 1988 National R&D Funds Estimated at Lowest Rate in Eleven Years""Universities Report Improvement in Computer and Physical Science Instrumentation, but Deteriorationin Engineering"

S/E Farsonnel

"Foreign Students Fueled 2% Rise in 1985 Graduate SLience and Engineering FnrollmentMore Recent Science and Engineering (S/E) Graduates Finding S/E Jobs"

"Recent.Doctorate Faculty Increase in Engineering and Some Science Fields""Scientists and Engineers Now Account for Over 4 Percent of Total U S Employment""Services Led in Private Industry Growth in Science; Engineering Jobs but Manufacturing Fiaounds and Tops1 Million in 1987"

Detailed Stati3tical Tables

NOTE Data sets from most Detailed Statistical Tables reports are obtainable on both diskette and in paper copy,and data sets from all Tables reports are available through the SRS Electronic Bulletin Board An SRS Number iogiven for any title for which only a diskette is available, all nuhers given below are NSF Numbers except thost.specified as SRS

56

NSF No

88-311

88-30688-31988-31488-303

87-316

87-30688-31087-31087-313

F' 304

49

R&D Funds

Academic Science/Engineering Graduate Enrollment and Support, Fall 1986

Academic Science/Engineering R&D Funds, Fiscal Year 1986Federal Funds for Research and Development Fiscal Years 1986, 1987, and 1988. Volume XXXVI

Federal Support to Universities, Colleges, and Selected Nonprofit Institutions Fiscal Year 1986

S/E Personnel

Characteristics of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States 1985

Characteristics of Recent Science/Engineering Graduates 1986

Federal Scientists and Engineers Fiscal Year 1986

Immigrant Scientists and Engineers 1986Science and En peering Degrees 1950.86 A Source Book

Science and Engineering Doctorates 1960.83Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians in Manufacturing Industries 1983

Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians in Nonmanufactunng Industries 1984

Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians in Trade and Regulated Industries 1985

II S Scientists and Engineers 1988

Reports (analytical)

Note' All Reports are available in paper copy Additionally, selected tables from some of these Reports [designatedin the following list by an aste:isk) arl obtainable on diskette and through the SRS Electronic Bulletin Board

Overviews

Biotechnology Research and Development Activities in Industry 1984 and 1985

Foreign Citizens in U S Science and Engineering History, Status, and Outlook

Geographic Distribution of IndustrIal R&D Expenditures . rr 5'7

NSF orSRS No

88-30788-31287-31487-318

SRS 86-0387.32187.32088.30888.32388-309SRS 86-05SRS 86 -D6

88-31388.322

87-31186-305 (rev88-317

50

International Science and Technology Data Update 1987

National Patterns of Science and Technology Resources 1987

Rofife3 Chemistry: Human Resources and FundingProfiles Computer Science Human Resources and Funding

Profiles Electrical/Electronics Engineering Human Resources and FundingProfiles Mechanical Engineering: Human Resources and FundingProfiles Psychology. Human Resources and FundingScience and Engineering Indicators 1987Scientific and Engineering Research Facilities at Universities and Colleges 1988

Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering

NSF No

87-319*88-305*87.30788-32488-32687-30988.325NSB 88-188-32r88-301*

R&D Funds

Federal R&D Funding by Budget Function FYs 1987-89 88-315

International

The Science and Technology Resources of Japan A Co, )anson with the United StatesThe Science and Technology Resources of West Germany A Comparison with the United States

General References

A Guide to NSF Science/Engineering Resources Data

Project Summaries FY 1987

Project Jummaries FY 1988Publications List 1977.87Publications List 1978-88

58

88-31886-310

87.30887-315

87-31288.335

51

lizaaveafpwastoN*AusivitMouo044VA'SONGTOtirtP.-

ve0FR614WISUMEiLz,'-';

OS liVeR*1:6710:1100/AI3S:siF.10t1 00 NOT WISH TOVETHISNTENIAMfORIF.CHANGE OF ADDRESS IS NEEDED IDTE-PHANEKINLODIND(41. K;OODE;ON THE LABEL (DO NOT

.'41)1JISISTERIC FAC4350 EAST

-

BULK RATEPOSTAGE & FEES PAID

National Science FoundationPermit No. G-69

CG ,42

IBRARIAisi 1115. TOWERS 11FL.

WESTHIGHWAY:0

BETHE?.DA MD 20814n000