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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 395 645 JC 960 399
AUTHOR Smith, Leslie PlatoTITLE Flow Analysis of City College of San Francisco
Students: Credit to Noncredit, Noncredit to Credit,Simultaneous Enrollment.
INSTITUTION City Coll. of San Francisco, Calif.PUB DATE 96NOTE 55p.
PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143)
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Academic Persistence; Access to Education; *College
Attendance; Community Colleges; *Credit Courses;*Enrollment; Enrollment Rate; *Enrollment Trends;*Noncredit Courses; School Holding Power; Two YearColleges
IDENTIFIERS *City College of San Francisco CA
ABSTRACTExamining the flow of students between the credit and
noncredit programs at the City College of San Francisco (CCSF), inCalifornia, this report analyzes the patterns of student enrollment,attendance, persistence, and transition between programs from fall1984 to fall 1994. Following a brief introduction and a distussion ofterminology and trends at CCSF over the 10-year period, the reportprovides data on unduplicated enrollment, attendance, and full-timeequivalent student enrollments in credit and noncredit programs.Next, data are presented on the flow of enrolled noncredit studentsto credit programs and vice versa, the persistence of enrollednoncredit and credit students into either noncredit or creditprograms, the flow of students actually attending noncredit programsto credit programs and vice versa, and the persistence of studentsattending credit and noncredit programs. Highlighted findings includethe following: (1) of the 123,000 students enrolling in at least 1course during the last 5 years, 23% attended a noncredit program; (2)from 1984 to 1994, there was a 54% increase in the number of studentsmoving from noncredit to credit programs, despite a 22% decline inthe number of noncredit students served; and (3) the number ofstudents taking advantage of both noncredit and credit offeringssimultaneously increased 20% over the period. (TGI)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
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DR
AF
T
FLO
W A
NA
LYS
ISO
FC
ITY
CO
LLE
GE
OF
SA
N F
RA
NC
ISC
O S
TU
DE
NT
S:
CR
ED
IT T
O N
ON
CR
ED
ITN
ON
CR
ED
IT T
O C
RE
DIT
SIM
ULT
AN
EO
US
EN
RO
LLM
EN
T
2
PE
RM
ISS
ION
TO
RE
PR
OD
UC
E A
ND
DIS
SE
MIN
AT
E T
HIS
MA
TE
RIA
LH
AS
BE
EN
GR
AN
TE
D B
Y
L. P
. Sm
ith
TO
TH
E E
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
OU
RC
ES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N C
EN
TE
R (
ER
IC)
Lesl
ie P
lato
Sm
ithS
prin
g 19
96
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
U.S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF
ED
UC
AT
ION
Offi
ce o
r E
duca
tiona
l Res
earc
h an
d Im
prov
emen
tE
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
OU
RC
ES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
NC
EN
TE
R (
ER
IC)
)1E
1 T
his
docu
men
t has
bee
n re
prod
uced
as
rece
ived
from
the
pers
on o
r or
gani
zatio
nor
igin
atin
g it.
0 M
inor
cha
nges
hav
e be
en m
ade
toim
prov
e re
prod
uctio
n qu
ality _
__
Poi
nts
of v
iew
or
opin
ions
sta
ted
in th
isdo
cum
ent d
o no
t nec
essa
rily
repr
esen
tof
ficia
l OE
RI p
ositi
on o
r po
licy
3
Flo
w A
naly
sis
Of S
tude
nts
at C
ity C
olle
ge o
f San
Fra
ncis
co
INT
RO
DU
CT
ION
The
pur
pose
of t
his
artic
le is
to d
iscu
ss th
e flo
w o
f stu
dent
sbe
twee
n th
e cr
en a
nd n
oncr
edit
prog
ram
s at
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
(C
CS
F).
Maj
or fi
ndin
gs o
n th
e m
ovem
ent o
f stu
dent
s fr
om n
oncr
edit
tocr
edit,
cre
dit t
o no
ncre
dit a
ndsi
mul
tane
ous
enro
llmen
t in
both
riedi
t and
non
cred
itpr
ogra
ms
will
be
anal
yzee
with
res
pect
to th
e ge
nera
l stu
dent
popu
latio
n, a
s w
ell a
spr
ogra
m s
peci
fic p
opul
atio
ns a
t City
Col
lege
.T
he in
form
atio
n co
ntai
ned
inth
is s
tudy
, rep
rese
nts
the
first
maj
or lo
ngitu
dina
l exa
min
atio
n of
the
patte
rns
to w
hich
stud
ents
acc
ess
and
flow
bet
wee
nth
e cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
s. T
his
data
pro
vide
s im
port
ant
info
rmat
ion,
not
onl
y fo
rin
tern
al p
lann
ing
purp
oses
, but
as a
mod
el o
f the
type
of a
ccou
ntab
ility
that
can
be
prov
ided
reg
ardi
ngth
e su
cces
s of
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
s.T
his
data
is e
spec
ially
impo
rtan
t in
light
of p
mpo
sed
fede
ral b
lock
gra
ntin
g o
wor
kfor
cede
velo
pmen
t fun
ds, a
ndin
crea
sed
com
petit
ion
at th
e st
ate
leve
l for
lim
ited
dolla
rs d
irect
edto
pub
lic e
duca
tion.
Thi
s st
udy
docu
men
ts th
e ex
tent
that
stud
ents
acc
ess
and
tran
sitio
nbe
twee
n th
e cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
s, in
dica
ting
that
bot
hpr
ogra
ms
are
criti
cal t
o th
ene
eds
of th
e st
uden
ts a
nd C
ityC
olle
ge, t
hat n
eith
erpr
ogra
m is
isol
ated
from
the
othe
r, a
nd th
atbo
th w
ork
toge
ther
to fu
lfill
the
mis
sion
of C
ity C
olle
ge.
PE
FIN
ITIO
NS
AN
D A
SS
UM
PT
ION
ST
his
stud
y en
com
pass
es te
nye
ars
of d
ata,
sta
rtin
g w
ith th
e fa
ll of
198
4se
mes
ter
and
endi
ng w
ith th
e fa
ll 19
94se
mes
ter.
All
num
bers
in th
is r
epor
t ref
er to
indi
vidu
al s
tude
nts,
not t
he n
umbe
r of
sea
tsor
ano
ther
art
ifici
al, c
alcu
late
dnu
mer
ical
uni
t. A
n nu
mbe
rsar
e un
dupl
icat
ed w
ithin
a p
rogr
am, b
utdu
plic
ated
bet
wee
npr
ogra
ms.
Tha
t is,
for
prog
ram
mat
icda
ta a
stu
dent
is c
ount
edon
ce in
eac
h pr
ogra
m fo
r ea
chpr
ogra
m th
at th
at s
tude
nt is
enr
olle
d. H
owev
er, f
or d
istr
ict d
ata,
each
stu
dent
is o
nly
coun
ted
once
.A
ll da
ta in
this
rep
ort
com
es fr
om th
e In
tegr
ated
Stu
dent
Info
rmat
ion
Sys
tem
(IS
IS)
data
file
s of
CC
SF
.
INS
TIT
UT
ION
AL
HIS
TO
RY
Thi
s te
n ye
ar p
erio
d w
asa
time
of in
tens
e st
udy
of th
e C
alifo
rnia
Com
mun
ity C
olle
ges.
A s
peci
al c
omm
issi
onw
as1
esta
blis
hed
to r
evie
w th
e M
aste
r P
lan
for
Hig
her
Edu
catio
r..
The
res
ultin
g re
port
led
to fu
rthe
r st
udy
in th
eC
alifo
rnia
legi
slat
ure,
res
ultin
g in
ref
orm
legi
slat
ion.
The
se s
wee
ping
refo
rms
chan
ged
the
finan
cial
, gov
erna
nce
and
staf
fing
stru
ctur
eof
the
com
mun
ity c
olle
ges,
as
wel
l as
reaf
firm
ed th
e br
oad
natu
re o
f the
mis
sion
of t
his
segm
ent o
f hig
her
educ
atio
n.D
urin
g th
is ti
me,
all
cred
it an
d no
ncre
dit c
ours
es w
ere
revi
ewed
und
er n
ew T
itle
V r
egul
atio
ns. A
sa
resu
lt of
this
stu
dy,
man
y co
urse
s at
CC
SF
wer
e co
nver
ted
from
non
cred
it to
cre
dit,
acco
untin
g fo
rso
me
of th
e in
crea
se in
the
size
of t
he c
redi
tpr
ogra
m a
nd c
omm
ensu
rate
dec
reas
e in
the
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
.In
the
sprin
g of
199
3, th
is r
efor
m p
erio
dw
as fo
llow
ed b
y a
near
ly th
reef
old
incr
ease
in th
e pe
r un
it fe
esto
all
cred
itst
uden
ts, a
nd a
nea
rly n
inef
old
incr
ease
to s
tude
nts
alre
ady
poss
essi
ng a
bac
cala
urea
te d
egre
e. T
his
resu
lted
in th
e lo
ss o
fne
arly
hal
f of t
he s
tude
nts
with
bac
cala
urea
tes
and
an 8
% d
rop
of a
ll st
uden
ts b
etw
een
Fal
l of 1
992
and
Spr
ing
of 1
993.
Whi
le fu
ndin
g at
CC
SF
rem
aine
d re
lativ
ely
flat d
urin
g th
is10
-yea
r pe
riod,
CC
SF
saw
dra
mat
ic o
rgan
izat
iona
l cha
nges
.S
ince
its
form
atio
n as
the
San
Fra
ncis
co C
omm
unity
Col
lege
Dis
tric
t in
1972
, pro
port
ion
of s
tude
nts
atte
ndin
gth
e no
ncre
dit
prog
ram
s ha
d flu
ctua
ted
mod
estly
with
res
pect
to th
e cr
edit
prog
ram
, bas
ed u
pon
chan
ges
in s
tude
nt n
eeds
. How
ever
, afte
rC
ity C
olle
ge's
10-
year
acc
redi
tatio
n se
lf-st
udy
in 1
988
and
the
com
plet
ion
of th
e T
itle
V c
ours
e re
view
,m
ajor
cre
dit a
ndno
ncre
dit p
rogr
amm
atic
cha
nges
beg
an to
occu
r.In
the
fall
of 1
990,
maj
or a
dmin
istr
ativ
e an
dor
gani
zatio
nal r
eeng
inee
ring
bega
n. T
his
lead
to th
efu
ll fu
nctio
nal
inte
grat
ion
of th
e cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
s in
to d
isci
plin
ed-b
ased
dep
artm
ents
acr
oss
the
entir
e di
stric
t,fo
r th
e fir
st ti
me.
At t
his
time
man
y co
urse
s w
ere
recl
assi
fied
from
non
cred
itto
cre
dit,
with
Lic
ense
d V
ocat
iona
l Nur
sing
lead
ing
the
way
in th
esp
ring
of 1
991.
Maj
or c
onve
rsio
ns o
f cou
rses
from
non
cred
it to
cre
dit o
ccur
red
in th
e fa
ll of
199
1, m
ost s
peci
fical
ly in
the
Eng
lish
as a
Sec
ond
Lang
uage
and
the
Aut
omot
ive
depa
rtm
ents
. Thi
s in
tegr
atio
n of
cre
dit a
nd n
oncr
edit
into
dep
artm
ents
,as
wel
l as
othe
r de
part
men
tal r
edef
initi
ons,
con
tinue
d to
occu
r fo
r th
e ne
xt s
ever
al s
emes
ters
.
EN
RO
LLM
EN
TT
able
1 s
how
s th
e un
dupl
icat
ed e
nrol
lmen
t at C
ityC
olle
ge fo
r ev
ery
fall
and
sprin
g se
mes
ter s
ince
the
fall
of 1
984.
The
tota
l enr
ollm
ent i
s un
dupl
icat
ed e
nrol
lmen
t for
each
sem
este
r at
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
.T
here
fore
cre
dit p
lus
nonc
redi
t do
not a
dd to
geth
er to
mak
e th
e to
tal
beca
use
man
y st
uden
ts e
nrol
l in
both
cre
dit a
ndno
ncre
dit,
and
each
stu
dent
is o
nly
coun
ted
once
.A
s ca
n be
see
n fr
om th
is c
hart
, tot
al c
olle
geen
rollm
ent p
eake
d in
the
sprin
g an
d fa
ll 19
91se
mes
ters
. Thi
s w
as th
ebe
ginn
ing
of a
per
iod
of p
rogr
amm
atic
reo
rgan
izat
ion
at C
CS
F w
ith c
ours
es in
the
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
just
sta
rtin
g to
con
vert
to c
redi
t.C
redi
t enr
ollm
ent p
eake
d du
ring
the
fall
1991
and
the
sprin
g 19
92 s
emes
ters
, im
med
iate
lyfo
llow
ing
the
com
plet
ion
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
mos
t cou
rse
conv
ersi
ons
from
non
cred
it to
cre
dit.
As
expe
cted
,no
ncre
dit p
eake
d fr
om th
e2
sprin
g of
198
9to
the
sprin
gof
199
1 be
fore
thes
e co
nver
sion
sto
ok p
lace
.
Tab
le 1
Und
uplic
ated
Enr
ollm
ent
at C
ity C
olle
ge o
fS
an F
ranc
isco
S'8
5E
a55'
86f'8
6S
137
f'87
lea
Efi
S'8
9f'8
929
4F
'90
Sal
alS
'92
E92
593
Ell
DI
F'9
4
Cre
dit
2412
820
376
2437
025
787
2521
726
417
2686
828
076
2778
029
097
2997
330
673
3037
632
248
3460
934
970
3328
031
283
2992
729
672
2903
1
Non
cred
it483
3849
674
4936
752
806
5123
652
085
4973
450
054
5131
253
993
5243
253
580
5133
752
031
5021
345
572
4194
142
595
4121
839
481
3521
0
Tot
al70
955
6858
772
261
7691
174
915
7680
175
026
7663
577
555
8152
480
695
8254
580
023
8243
482
593
7867
873
193
7196
469
179
6733
462
674
Tab
le 2
mak
esit
muc
h ea
sier
to s
ee th
e pa
ttern
of c
hang
es in
enro
llmen
t ove
r tim
e. It
is c
lear
that
ove
r th
ela
st te
nye
ars
the
num
ber
ofcr
edit
stud
ents
has
incr
ease
dw
hile
the
num
ber o
f non
cred
itst
uden
ts h
asde
crea
sed.
Thi
sis
exp
ecte
dsi
nce
ther
e ha
vebe
en s
ubst
antia
l con
vers
ions
of n
oncr
edit
cour
ses
to c
redi
t, w
hich
wou
ld s
erve
toin
crea
se th
enu
mbe
r of
cred
it st
uden
ts.
How
ever
, ove
rall
tota
l col
lege
enro
llmen
t has
decl
ined
. Thi
sba
sica
lly is
a fu
nctio
nth
ree
char
acte
ristic
sof
the
fund
ing
stru
ctur
e of
Cal
iforn
iaco
mm
unity
col
lege
s.F
irst,
unde
r prog
ram
-bas
ed fu
ndin
g,di
stric
ts h
ave
a re
venu
e ca
pra
ther
than
an e
nrol
lmen
t cap
. Sec
ond,
dis
tric
tsre
ceiv
e a
low
erra
te o
f rei
mbu
rsem
ent fo
r F
TE
S e
arne
din
non
cred
it.T
here
fore
, the
larg
er th
e cr
edit
prog
ram
, the
low
er th
eto
tal n
umbe
r of
stud
ents
nee
ded
to r
each
cap.
Thi
rd, t
hedi
ffere
nce
inth
e na
ture
of
how
FT
ES
isca
lcul
ated
for
cred
itan
d no
ncre
dit
prog
ram
s si
gnifi
cant
lyim
pact
s th
e ov
eral
l enro
llmen
t fig
ures
.B
ecau
se c
redi
t cou
rses
are
usu
ally
sem
este
r lo
ngpr
ogra
ms,
sta
tere
imbu
rsem
ent i
sba
sed
on e
nrol
lmen
t,kn
own
asce
nsus
. How
ever
, non
cred
itco
urse
s ar
e re
imbu
rsed
on a
dai
ly a
ttend
ance
basi
s, s
o th
atst
uden
ts a
reen
cour
aged
toco
ntin
ue e
nrol
ling
thro
ugho
ut th
ese
mes
ter,
lead
ing
to a
larg
er n
umbe
rof
tota
l stu
dent
sse
rved
. The
refo
re,
in ti
mes
of s
tabl
efu
ndin
g, c
onve
rsio
nof
non
cred
itco
urse
s to
cre
dit w
illre
sult
in a
low
erin
gof
the
num
ber o
f stu
dent
sen
rolle
d.W
hile
the
2,00
0st
uden
t dro
p in
cred
it en
rollm
ent b
etw
een
Fal
l of 1
992
to S
prin
gof
199
3 is
prob
ably
due
toin
crea
sed
fees
, the
inde
xsh
ows
a 25
%dr
op in
enr
ollm
ent f
rom
the
high
in s
prin
g of
199
2to
the
fall
of 1
994
in th
e cr
edit
prog
ram
. Mos
tof
this
dec
line
is d
ue to
red
uctio
nin
the
num
ber o
f cou
rse
offe
rings
inev
ery
depa
rtm
ent t
hat h
as o
ccur
red
begi
nnin
g in
the
sprin
g of
199
3.
How
ever
, the
inde
xcl
early
sho
ws
a tr
end
of in
crea
sing
cred
it st
uden
tsre
gard
less
of c
ours
e co
nver
sion
s.
3
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE9
Tab
le 2
Enr
ollm
ent
Inde
x of
City
Col
lege
of S
anF
ranc
isco
Fal
l 198
4=
100
Ett
5'85
L'It5
53E
f.85
Eig
5'88
ES
'89
f'89
S'9
0.F
'90
S19
1F
.:91
5.12
F'9
2$'
93F
'93
S..9
4D
IC
redi
t10
084
.410
1.0
106.
910
4.5
109.
511
1.4
116.
311
5.1
120.
612
4.2
127.
112
5.9
133.
614
3.4
144.
913
7.9
129.
612
4.0
123.
012
0.3
Non
cred
it10
010
2.8
102.
110
9.2
106.
010
7.8
102.
910
3.6
106.
211
1.7
108.
511
0.8
106.
210
7.6
103.
994
.386
.888
.185
.781
.772
.8T
otal
100
96.7
101.
810
8.4
105.
610
8.2
105.
710
8.0
109.
311
4.9
113.
711
6.3
112.
811
6.2
116.
411
0.9
103.
210
1.4
97.5
94.9
88.3
Tab
le 3
sho
ws
that
like
tota
l col
lege
enr
ollm
ent,
the
tota
l num
ber
of s
tude
nts
sim
ulta
neou
sly
enro
lling
inbo
th th
e cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
s pe
aked
bet
wee
n th
e sp
ring
of 1
991
and
the
fall
of19
92. A
lthou
gh th
isw
as a
per
iod
of in
tens
epr
ogra
mm
atic
and
adm
inis
trat
ive
flux,
the
stud
ents
con
tinue
dto
acc
ess
the
cour
ses
they
need
ed.
Tab
le3
Sim
ulta
neou
s E
nrol
lmen
t in
Cre
dit
and
Non
cred
it P
rogr
ams
Enr
ollm
ent a
t City
Col
lege
of S
anF
ranc
isco
5:11
5E
65In
cab
217
E11
7S
flaE
8851
9E
1952
)L9
11S
:91
Lai
122
DI
SID
£23
f 94
Enr
ollm
ent
1511
1463
1476
1682
1538
1701
1576
1495
1537
1566
1710
1708
1690
1845
2229
1864
2028
1914
1966
1819
1561
Tab
le 4
sho
ws
the
perc
ent o
f all
stud
ents
enr
olle
din
City
Col
lege
of S
anF
ranc
isco
who
take
adv
anta
geof
bot
h th
ecr
edit
and
nonc
redi
trr
ogra
mm
atic
offe
rings
sim
ulta
neou
sly.
Thi
s da
tade
mon
stra
tes
that
whi
le th
eto
tal n
umbe
r of
stu
dent
spe
aked
bet
wee
n th
e sp
ring
of 1
991
and
the
fall
of19
92, t
he a
ctua
lpe
rcen
tage
of s
tude
nts
acce
ssin
gbo
th p
rogr
ams
sim
ulta
neou
sly
has
rem
aine
dco
nsis
tent
ly h
ighe
r af
ter
conv
ersi
on a
nd r
eorg
aniz
atio
n.In
fact
, alm
ost o
ne-t
hird
mor
est
uden
ts h
ave
take
n ad
vant
age
of th
e op
port
unity
to e
nrol
l in
both
cre
dit a
ndno
ncre
dit p
rogr
ams
sinc
eth
ey h
ave
been
orga
nize
d by
dis
cipl
ines
inde
part
men
ts. T
his
sugg
ests
that
this
reo
rgan
izat
ion
has
been
ben
efic
ial t
ost
uaen
ts a
nd th
e4
1 0
11
inst
itutio
n by
bet
ter
mee
ting
the
educ
atio
nal n
eeds
of c
redi
t or
nonc
redi
t stu
dent
s, a
nd r
emov
ing
the
artif
icia
l bar
riers
that
exis
ted
bstw
een
the
two
prog
ram
s be
fore
inte
grat
ion
of c
redi
t and
non
cred
itin
to d
isci
plin
e ba
sed
depa
rtm
ents
.
Tab
le 4
Per
cent
of T
otal
Col
lege
Enr
ollm
ent A
ccou
nted
for
by S
imul
tane
ous
Enr
ollm
ent
L84
£85
EIS
Slif
iE
T&
SW
L82
Sal
Dia
S'2
9E
8900
sit
Lai
C22
S:1
3La
3S
'I4La
4P
erce
nt2.
17.
2.1%
2.0%
2.2%
2.17
.2.
27.
2.1%
2.0%
2.0%
1.9%
2.1%
2.1%
2.1%
2.2%
2.77
.2.
47.
2.87
.2.
7%2.
87.
2.7%
2.57
.
AT
TE
ND
AN
CE
The
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
atte
ndin
gC
ity C
olle
ge is
bas
ical
lya
func
tion
of th
e nu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
s en
rolli
ngat
City
Col
lege
, the
refo
re, a
s ex
pect
ed to
tal c
olle
ge a
ttend
ance
pea
ked
betw
een
the
sprin
g of
199
0 an
d th
e sp
ring
of19
92.
Cre
dit
atte
ndan
ce, l
ike
enro
llmen
t pea
ked
from
fall
of 1
991
to s
prin
g of
199
2,as
exp
ecte
d af
ter
conv
ersi
on a
nd r
eorg
aniz
atio
n.N
oncr
edit
atte
ndan
ce, l
ike
nonc
redi
t enr
ollm
ent,
peak
ed b
etw
een
sprin
g of
1989
and
spr
ing
of 1
991,
bef
ore
impl
emen
tatio
nof
reo
rgan
izat
ion
by d
epar
tmen
t and
conv
ersi
on o
f cou
rses
from
cre
dit t
ono
ncre
dit.
Tab
le .5
Und
uplic
ated
Atte
ndan
ce a
t City
Col
lege
of S
onF
ranc
isco
f'84
S8
ES
'86
511
EZ
518
E8
S'8
9La
ssi
uf'9
Qf.9
129
2E
RS
'93
1'93
5:14
E9A
Cre
dit
2050
620
876
2074
821
653
2149
022
490
2213
522
641
2256
922
986
2423
3 24
673
2471
526
033
2795
228
454
2750
025
704
2487
024
816
2402
2N
oncr
edit4
3839
4593
545
259
4904
648
978
5022
046
432
4717
047
821
5090
148
570
5013
247
358
4853
744
844
4189
539
561
3994
037
432
3801
234
253
Tot
al63
280
6566
765
006
6955
469
340
7140
767
434
6876
769
321
7281
471
606
7358
170
861
7326
271
332
6898
265
573
6423
861
042
6149
957
145
Tab
le 6
sho
ws
how
atte
ndan
ce h
asch
ange
d ov
er th
e la
st te
nye
ars.
Cre
dit a
ttend
ance
is u
p 17
% fr
om te
nye
ars
ago,
5
1213
whi
le n
oncr
edit
atte
ndan
ce is
dow
n22
% o
ver
the
sam
e tim
e pe
riods
. Thi
sle
ads
to a
n ov
eral
l dro
p in
the
num
ber o
f stu
dent
sat
tend
ing
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
.A
lso
of in
tere
st is
how
the
prop
ortio
nof
the
inst
itutio
n's
prog
ram
s of
fere
d in
cre
dit a
nd n
oncr
edit
has
chan
ged
over
tim
e.In
198
4 th
e cr
edit
prog
ram
acc
ount
ed fo
r 34
%of
the
stud
ents
enro
lled
and
32%
of th
ose
atte
ndin
g.D
urin
g th
e ne
xtsi
x ye
ars,
until
the
fall
of 1
990,
this
pro
port
ion
ofen
rollm
ent a
ndat
tend
ance
acc
ount
edfo
r by
cre
dit s
tude
nts
cont
inue
d to
incr
ease
until
it w
as 3
8% a
nd35
% r
espe
ctiv
ely.
Thi
s re
pres
ents
a 12
% in
crea
se in
the
prop
ortio
n of
enr
ollm
ent t
hat i
s ac
coun
ted
for
bycr
edit
or a
bout
2%
a ye
ar.
How
ever
, the
cha
nge
in th
e pr
opor
tion
acco
unte
d fo
r by
cre
dit
enro
llmen
t bet
wee
nth
e fa
ll of
199
0an
d th
e sp
ring
of19
92, w
hen
conv
ersi
onoc
curr
ed, i
s m
uch
mor
e dr
amat
ic. I
n th
esp
ring
of 1
992,
45%
of th
e to
tal c
olle
geen
rollm
ent w
asac
coun
ted
for
by c
redi
tst
uden
ts, a
n in
crea
seof
12%
in s
light
lym
ore
than
one
yea
r.T
he p
ropo
rtio
n of
stud
ents
atte
ndin
gcr
edit
prog
ram
sex
perie
nced
the
sam
e ty
pe o
f dra
mat
icju
mp
betw
een
fall
1990
and
sprin
g 19
92.
In th
e sp
ring
of19
92, 3
9% o
f the
stud
ents
atte
ndin
gC
ity C
olle
gew
ere
enro
lled
in c
redi
t pro
gram
s, a
nin
crea
se o
f 10%
insl
ight
ly m
ore
than
one
year
. For
the
prev
ious
six
year
s, th
e ra
teof
incr
ease
ann
ually
was
1.5
%. A
gain
mos
t of t
his
dram
atic
incr
ease
is d
ue to
the
conv
ersi
on o
f non
cred
itpr
ogra
ms
to c
redi
t in
area
s su
ch a
s al
lied
heal
th,
auto
mot
ive
and
ES
L.
Tab
le 6
Atte
ndan
ce In
dex
of C
ityC
olle
ge o
f San
Fra
ndsc
oF
all 1
984
= 1
00C
alS
'85
185
515
F'8
6S
'87
E1
S'8
8E
R5'
89F
89S
'90
F'9
059
113
151
9219
211
9351
91 [9
1C
redi
t10
010
1.8
101.
210
5.6
104.
810
9.7
107.
911
0.4
110.
111
2.1
118.
212
0.3
120.
512
7.0
136.
313
8.8
134.
112
5.3
121.
312
1.0
117.
1N
oncr
edit
100
104.
810
3.2
111.
911
1.7
114.
610
5.9
107.
610
9.1
116.
111
0.8
114.
410
8.01
107.
610
2.3
95.6
90.2
91.1
85.4
86.7
78.
1T
otol
100
103.
810
2.7
109.
910
9.6
112.
810
6.6
108.
710
9.5
115.
111
3.2
116.
311
2.0
115.
811
2.7
109.
010
3.6
101.
596
.597
.2 9
0.3
Tab
le 7
sho
ws
the
ratio
bet
wee
n th
enu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
sw
ho a
ctua
lly a
ttend
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
toth
enu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
sw
ho e
nrol
l. A
sm
entio
ned
befo
re, t
hest
uden
t enr
ollm
ent f
ile fo
r th
e sp
ring
of 1
985
sem
este
rha
s be
entr
unca
ted
and
thus
the
ratio
s fo
r cr
edit
and
tota
l enr
ollm
ent f
or th
is p
artic
ular
sem
este
r sh
ould
be
igno
red.
Ove
r tim
eth
is r
atio
6
1415
has
been
rel
ativ
ely
cons
tant
like
all e
nrol
lmen
t and
atte
ndan
cefig
ures
for
City
Col
lege
of S
anF
ranc
isco
.A
bout
10%
of t
he s
tude
nts
who
enro
ll in
the
colle
ge, d
rop
out o
r w
ithdr
aw c
ompl
etel
yor
nev
er a
ttend
a n
oncr
edit
cour
se.
Thi
s ra
tio is
abo
ut d
oubl
e fo
r cre
dit,
betw
een
15%
to 2
1%, t
o th
at fo
r no
ncre
dit,
betw
een
3% to
11%
.H
owev
er, w
hile
the
ratio
for
cred
it ha
s de
crea
sed
slig
htly
,2%
in te
n ye
ars,
for
nonc
redi
t is
has
incr
ease
d, 6
% in
ten
year
s.T
he r
easo
ns fo
r th
ese
chan
ges
can
only
be
surm
ised
. Mat
ricul
atio
nfo
r cr
edit
stud
ents
has
bee
nth
e m
ajor
cha
nge
durin
g th
is ti
me
perio
d. S
ince
mat
ricul
atio
n in
terv
enes
in th
epe
riod
betw
een
enro
llmen
t and
atte
ndan
ce, i
t is
poss
ible
that
this
pro
cedu
re is
the
caus
e of
the
chan
ge in
this
rat
io.
Dur
ing
this
sam
e tim
e pe
riod,
a su
bsta
ntia
l am
ount
of w
ork
has
been
done
on
nonc
redi
t enr
ollm
ent p
roce
dure
s. T
hech
ange
s ha
ve b
een
to b
oth
mak
een
rollm
ent p
roce
dure
s ea
sier
and
to c
ouns
el s
tude
nts
befo
reth
ey e
nrol
l in
a co
urse
. It i
sag
ain
poss
ible
that
thes
e ch
ange
sar
e re
spon
sibl
e fo
r th
e im
prov
emen
t in
the
ratio
bet
wee
n th
e nu
mbe
r of s
tude
nts
who
enro
ll an
d th
e nu
mbe
r of
stud
ents
who
atte
nd.
Sin
ce e
nrol
lmen
t cos
ts th
e co
llege
and
the
colle
ge is
rei
mbu
rsed
for
atte
ndan
ce, t
heca
uses
of t
hese
cha
nges
in th
ese
ratio
s ar
e im
port
ant f
or th
e in
stitu
tion.
Tab
le 7
Rat
io o
f Atte
nder
s to
Enr
olle
rsat
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
S'8
5F
'85
S'8
6F
'86
S'8
718
7S
'88
F '8
8S
'89
F '8
9S
'90
F'9
0S
'91
f '91
S'9
2F
'92
S'9
3F
'93
S'9
41'
94C
redi
t0.
851.
020.
850.
840.
850.
850.
820.
810.
810.
790.
810.
800.
810.
810.
810.
810.
830.
820.
830.
840.
83N
oncr
edit
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.96
0.96
0.93
0.94
0.93
0.94
0.93
0.94
0.92
0.93
0.89
0.92
0.94
0.94
0.91
0.96
0.97
Tot
al0.
890.
960.
900.
900.
920.
930.
900.
900.
890.
890.
890.
890.
880.
890.
860.
880.
900.
890.
880.
910.
91
Tab
le 8
sho
ws
the
num
ber
ofst
uden
ts w
ho a
re a
ttend
ing
both
cred
it an
d no
ncre
dit
prog
ram
s at
the
sam
e tim
e. T
henu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
s at
tend
ing
both
cre
dit
and
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
spr
ogra
ms
peak
s be
ginn
ing
in fa
ll 19
91,
coin
cidi
ng w
ith th
eco
urse
con
vers
ions
and
the
inte
grat
ion
ofno
ncre
dit a
nd c
redi
t int
o de
part
men
tsby
dis
cipl
ines
. Fur
ther
mor
e,th
is n
umbe
rst
ays
high
unt
il th
e fa
ll of
199
4. In
this
ten
year
per
iod,
whi
le o
vera
llth
e nu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
s at
tend
ing
City
Col
lege
has
1.
7
decl
ined
by
10%
, the
num
ber
atte
ndin
g cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
ssi
mul
tane
ousl
y ha
s in
crea
sed
6%. I
f fal
l sem
este
r of
1994
is e
xclu
ded,
the
perc
ent i
ncre
ase
is 2
5%, w
hile
the
over
all d
rop
in th
enu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
s at
tend
ing
is 3
%.
The
se s
tatis
tics
indi
cate
that
cou
rse
conv
ersi
on a
nd in
tegr
atio
n of
non
cred
it an
d cr
edit
into
dep
artm
ents
by
disc
iplin
es
have
inde
ed b
roke
n do
wn
inst
itutio
nal b
affle
rs a
nd th
at s
tude
nts
al e
oet
tera
cces
sing
bot
h cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
s
acco
rdin
g to
thei
r ed
ucat
iona
l nee
ds.
Tab
le8
Sim
ulta
neou
s A
ttend
ance
by
Stu
dent
s in
Cre
dit a
nd N
oncr
edit
Pro
gram
s at
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
E84
23.5
E85
£86
E86
181
SI8
13E
e8S
alE
82sl
agE
20S
liE
21S
:22
E22
103
514
LB
Atte
ndan
ce10
6511
4410
0111
4511
2813
0311
3310
4410
6910
7311
9712
2412
1213
0814
6413
6714
8814
0612
6013
2911
30
Tab
le 9
sho
ws
*he
perc
enta
ge o
f the
num
ber
of to
tal s
tude
nts
who
atte
nd b
oth
cred
it an
dno
ncre
dit p
rogr
ams
sim
ulta
neou
sly.
Fro
m 1
984
until
cou
rse
conv
ersi
on in
199
1 th
is p
erce
ntag
e st
ayed
alm
ost c
onst
ant a
t1.
7%. H
owev
er, a
fter
conv
ersi
on th
is p
erce
n,ag
e ju
mps
by
one-
third
to 2
.3%
.O
nce
agai
n, it
app
ears
that
stu
dent
s ar
e in
crea
sing
ly s
elec
ting
a cr
edit
or n
oncr
edit
prog
ram
base
d on
thei
r ed
ucat
iona
l
need
s, r
athe
r th
an b
eing
def
ined
or
cate
goriz
ed a
s a
cred
it or
non
cred
it st
uden
t.
Tab
le 9
Per
cent
of T
otal
Col
lege
Atte
ndan
ce A
ccou
nted
for
by S
imul
tane
ous
Atte
ndan
ce in
Cre
dit a
nd N
oncr
edit
Pro
gram
s by
Stu
dent
s
5.18
521
6E
.85
SE
Ell
52E
BB
182
E89
5:20
S:9
1E
at5:
92E
2219
3E
DK
94ta
t
Per
cent
1.7%
1.7%
1.5%
1.6%
1.6%
1.87
.1.
7%1.
57.
1.57
.1.
57.
1.77
.1.
77.
1.77
.1.
8%2.
17.
2.0%
2.37
.21
7.2.
1%2.
2%2
0%
18
8
19
FU
LL-T
1ME
ST
UD
EN
T E
QU
IVA
LEN
T (
FT
ES
1
Tab
le 1
0 sh
ows
how
fund
ed F
TE
S h
as b
een
dist
ribut
edbe
twee
n cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
s an
dov
er th
e la
st te
nye
ars.
Whi
le c
redi
t FT
ES
incr
ease
d 14
% b
etw
een
the
fall
of 1
984
and
the
fall
of 1
994,
non
cred
it de
crea
sed
3%ov
er th
issa
me
time
perio
d. T
he to
tal c
olle
ge in
crea
sed
6.5%
ove
r th
is te
nye
ar p
erio
d, o
r at
an
aver
age
rate
of .
65%
per
yea
r.O
nce
agai
n, th
e cr
edit
prog
ram
was
larg
est i
n al
l of 1
992,
with
FT
ES
pea
king
at 2
8% h
ighe
r th
an th
e ba
selin
e of
fall
1984
and
13%
hig
her
than
the
end
of th
e st
udy
perio
d,fa
ll 19
94. I
n 19
84, t
he c
redi
t pro
gram
acc
ount
ed fo
r 56
%of
the
Col
lege
s to
tal F
TE
S. T
his
perc
enta
ge p
eake
d in
the
fall
of 1
992,
afte
r co
nver
sion
, at 6
1%, a
nd is
cur
rent
ly, f
all 1
994,
at 6
0% o
fth
e to
tal c
olle
ge F
TE
S.
The
non
cred
it pr
ogra
m p
eake
d in
term
s of
abs
olut
e si
ze d
urin
gth
e sp
ring
1991
sem
este
r, r
epre
sent
ing
a 25
%in
crea
se o
ver
the
base
line
leve
l in
fall
of 1
984.
Sin
ce th
atpe
ak in
199
1, th
e si
ze o
f the
non
cred
itpr
ogra
m h
as d
eclin
ed b
y22
%.
It is
impo
rtan
t to
note
that
the
anal
ysis
of F
TE
S is
bas
edon
ly o
n th
e fa
ll an
d sp
ring
sem
este
rs. F
undi
ng, h
owev
er is
base
d on
an
annu
al fi
gure
and
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
has
been
incr
easi
ng th
e si
ze o
f its
sum
mer
sch
ool o
fferin
gs in
the
last
few
yea
rs.
Tab
le 1
0
Fun
ded
FT
ES
of C
ity C
olle
ge o
f San
Fra
ncis
co
Ea4
[85
SIfi
fltfi
ST
IZ1.
12aa
E8
Sig
E:8
9S
:911
E,9
4S
itLa
i12
2E
:92'
s23
E2
524L94
Credit
8201
8302
7934
8146
8001
8051
8283
8349
8469
8578
8983
9004
9203
9380
10193
10354
10513
8017
9710
9713
9326
Noncredit
6379
6999
7267
7565
7217
7556
7000
7374
7177
7587
7021
7760
7425
7977
6913
7163
6731
7094
6644
6199
6196
lotol
14580
15301
15201
15711
15218
15607
15283
15723
15646
16165
16004
16764
16628
17357
17106
17517
17244
15111
16354
16512
15572
9
2021
The
nex
t sev
eral
sect
ions
will
dis
cuss
the
flow
of s
tude
nts:
1) f
rom
non
cred
itpr
ogra
ms
to c
redi
t and
non
cred
itpr
ogra
ms,
2)
from
pro
gram
scr
edit
to c
redi
t and
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
s,an
d 3)
from
bot
hno
ncre
dit a
nd c
redi
t pro
gram
s to
eith
ercr
edit
'or
nonc
redi
t prog
ram
s. T
he d
iffer
ence
inpa
ttern
s be
twee
n en
rolle
dst
uden
ts v
ersu
s st
uden
t atte
nder
s w
ill a
lso
beex
plor
ed.
In o
rder
to u
nder
stan
dth
e fo
llow
ing
tabl
es,
it is
nec
essa
ry to
give
som
e de
finiti
ons.
"Sem
este
r 1"
ref
ers
to n
umbe
r of
stud
ents
who
enr
olle
din
a p
artic
ular
prog
ram
the
next
sem
este
r."S
emes
ter
2" r
efer
sto
the
num
ber
ofst
uden
ts w
hoen
rolle
d in
a p
artic
ular
prog
ram
two
sem
este
rs la
ter.
And
"T
otal
yea
rre
fers
to th
e un
dupl
icat
edto
tal n
umbe
r of
stud
ents
who
enro
lled
in a
par
ticul
arpr
ogra
m e
ither
the
next
sem
este
r or
the
seco
ndse
mes
ter,
that
is to
say
with
in o
ne y
ear.
For
exam
ple,
in T
able
11,
the
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
liste
dun
der
fall
1984
for
"Sem
este
r 1"
(13
38)
refe
rs to
the
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
enro
lled
in n
oncr
edit
prog
ram
s in
fall
1984
who
als
oen
rolle
d in
cre
dit p
rogr
ams
the
sprin
g of
198
5.T
he n
umbe
r of
stud
ents
list
edun
der
fall
1981
for *
Sem
este
r 2"
(15
34)
refe
rsto
the
num
ber
ofst
uden
ts e
nrol
led
inno
ncre
dit p
rogr
ams
in fa
ll 19
84 w
hoal
soen
rolle
d in
cre
&pr
ogra
ms
the
fall
of 1
985.
And
the
num
ber
ofst
uden
ts li
sted
und
erfa
ll 19
84 fo
r "T
otal
year
" (2
002)
ref
ers
toth
e un
dupl
icat
ednu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
sen
rolle
d in
non
cred
itpr
ogra
ms
in fa
ll 19
84 w
hoal
so e
nrol
led
in c
redi
t pro
gram
s ei
ther
or b
oth
the
sprin
gor
the
fall
sem
este
rs o
f 198
5.It
shou
ld b
e no
ted
that
in th
is s
tudy
by
defin
ition
, the
stu
dent
sw
ho a
re s
imul
tane
ousl
yen
rolle
d in
bot
h cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t are
cou
nted
both
in th
e cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t num
bers
.
FLO
W O
F E
NR
OLL
ED
NO
NC
RE
DIT
swig
=T
he n
umbe
r of
nonc
redi
t stu
dent
s w
hoen
rolle
d in
the
cred
itpr
ogra
m th
e fo
llow
ing
sem
este
r in
crea
sed
stea
dily
from
fall
of 1
984
until
peak
ing
in th
e sp
ring
of 1
991
at 3
189,
repr
esen
ting
an in
crea
seof
138
%. A
fter
this
sem
este
r th
ere
was
ade
clin
e in
the
num
ber
of n
oncr
edit
stud
ents
flow
ing
from
non
cred
itto
cre
dit f
or tw
ore
ason
s. F
irst,
the
tota
l num
ber
ofno
ncre
dit s
tude
nts
decr
ease
d af
ter
that
sem
este
r (T
able
s 5
and
6), s
o th
e po
olup
on w
hich
to d
raw
upon
dec
reas
ed. S
econ
d,w
ith th
e co
nver
sion
of n
oncr
edit
cour
ses
to c
redi
t the
follo
win
gse
mes
ter,
man
y st
uden
tsno
long
er h
ave
to fi
rst e
nrol
l in
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
sto
mee
t the
ir ed
ucat
iona
l nee
ds. T
here
fore
,at
the
end
of te
nye
ars,
the
tota
l num
ber
ofst
uden
ts fl
owin
gfr
om n
oncr
edit
tocr
edit
each
sem
este
r onl
y in
crea
sed
by54
%, s
till a
sub
stan
tial a
nd im
port
ant i
ncre
ase
by a
nym
easu
re.
Fur
ther
mor
e, b
y ho
ldin
gth
e si
ze o
f the
enro
llmen
t con
stan
t,th
e ra
te o
f flo
w o
f non
cred
it st
uden
ts b
yth
e ne
xt s
emes
ter
2210
23
doub
les
from
2.8
% o
f the
non
cred
itpo
pula
tion
to 5
.2%
of t
he n
oncr
edit
popu
latio
n be
twt..
..o 1
984
and
1994
, and
near
ly tr
iple
sin
the
sprin
g of
199
1.T
he n
umbe
r of
non
cred
it st
uden
tsw
ho e
nrol
led
in th
e cr
edit
prog
ram
the
follo
win
g ye
ar a
lso
peak
ed in
the
sprin
g of
1991
. The
325
6 st
uden
ts w
how
ere
enro
lled
in c
redi
t pro
gram
s th
e sp
ring
of 1
992
repr
esen
t a 1
12%
incr
ease
over
the
num
ber
of fa
ll 19
84 s
tude
nts
(153
5) w
hoen
rolle
d in
cre
dit p
rogr
ams
the
fall
of 1
985.
For
the
reas
ons
stat
ed a
bove
by
sprin
g19
94 (
the
last
sem
este
r fo
r w
hich
annu
al d
ata
is r
abbl
e), t
he in
crea
se in
this
num
ber
over
fall
1984
was
37%
, an
aver
age
annu
al g
row
th r
ate
of n
early
4%
.H
owev
er, h
oldo
g en
rollm
ent c
onst
ant t
here
is in
fact
a tw
o-th
irds
incr
ease
bet
wee
n19
84an
d 19
94 in
the
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
who
enro
ll in
cre
dit p
rogr
ams
one
year
afte
r en
rolli
ng in
non
cred
it, p
rovi
ding
for
anav
erag
e an
nual
gro
wth
rat
e of
alm
ost 7
%.
Look
ing
at a
ll th
e no
ncre
dit s
tude
nts
who
enr
olle
d in
cre
dit
prog
ram
s an
ytim
e w
ithin
one
yea
r, th
e ab
solu
te n
umbe
rag
ain
peak
s in
spr
ing
of 1
991
as w
ould
be
expe
cted
at 4
175,
rep
rese
ntin
gan
incr
ease
of 1
09%
ove
r fa
ll of
198
4. H
oldi
ngen
rollm
ent c
onst
ant t
his
num
ber
has
incr
ease
d ag
ain
by n
early
two-
third
s in
ten
year
s.
Tab
le 1
1
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Flo
w fr
om N
oncr
edit
to C
redi
t
S135
CL
5S1
.6E
abaz
Cal
286
S:11
9£8
95:
20E
N53
1£8
1S:
2251
3£2
322
4D
9semester 1
1338
1797
1837
1998
1955
2080
1892
1934
1915
2113
2081
2180
2200
3189
2601
2644
2163
2302
2118
2055
1724
semester 2
1535
2038
2005
2228
2097
2312
2114
2103
2297
2317
2303
2487
3248
3256
3048
2662
2429
2380
2252
2099
11/0
Total year
2002
2565
2741
2848
2939
2942
2853
2694
3001
3005
3064
3109
3994
4175
3922
3431
3167
3028
2982
2657
n/a
Tab
le 1
2 sh
ows
the
perc
ent o
f non
cred
itst
uden
ts w
ho e
nrol
l in
cred
itpr
ogra
ms
in o
ne o
r bo
th o
f the
follo
win
g tw
ose
mes
ters
. Onc
e ag
ain,
spr
ing
1991
is th
e pe
ak w
ith8%
of n
oncr
edit
stud
ents
enr
ollin
g in
cre
dit p
rogr
ams
with
in th
e ne
xtye
ar. W
hile
this
num
ber
may
see
m lo
w, i
tco
mpa
res
favo
rabl
y w
ith th
e 10
% o
f the
non
cred
it st
uden
tsw
ho d
ecla
re a
ttain
ing
eith
er a
bac
cala
urea
te o
r an
ass
ocia
te d
egre
eto
be
thei
r go
al (
SIQ
, 199
3).
11
2425
How
ever
, to
fully
unde
rsta
nd th
eim
port
ance
and
subs
tanc
e of
this
8%
itis
nece
ssar
y to
unde
rsta
ndth
e na
ture
of C
ity
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
.F
irst,
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
is a
two-
year
inst
itutio
n,th
eref
ore,
inth
e m
ost i
deal
of
cond
ition
s on
lyon
e-fo
urth
of a
ll st
uden
tssh
ould
be
read
y to
mov
e on
eac
hse
mes
ter.
Tha
t is
tosa
y on
ly 2
5%of
the
stud
ents
are
expe
cted
to g
radu
ate
or fi
nish
thei
r educ
atio
n in
any
sem
este
r.H
owev
er, s
ince
acc
ordi
ngto
the1993 SIQ,37%of
nonc
redi
t stu
dent
sar
e w
orki
ngan
d on
ly18
% s
tate
they
are
full-
time
stud
ents
this
time
line
mus
t be
expa
nded
tobe
rea
iistic
.
Hol
ding
toth
e id
eal o
f ttiv
oye
ars,
8%
of t
he s
tude
nts
who
act
ually
enin
cre
dit w
ithin
one
year
, repr
esen
tsan
incr
edib
le
32%
of th
eel
igib
le 2
5%of
non
cred
itst
uden
ts.
How
ever
,si
nce
acco
rdin
gto
the1993 S1Q,37% of
nonc
redi
t stu
dent
sar
e
wor
king
and
only
18%
stat
e th
eyar
e fu
ll-tim
est
uden
ts th
istim
e lin
em
ust b
eex
pand
ed to
be r
ealis
tic.
Thi
s st
udy
is a
lso
very
con
serv
ativ
ein
its
very
nat
ure
beca
use
it is
only
exa
min
ing
the
stud
ents
who
flow
from
non
cred
it
to c
redi
t with
inon
e ye
ar. M
ost st
udie
s of
this
natu
re g
ive
a m
uch
long
erpe
riod
for t
he s
tude
ntto
mov
e.T
here
fore
, the
actu
al
num
ber
ofst
uden
ts fr
oman
y gi
ven
sem
este
r w
hoac
tual
ly e
nrol
l in
cred
itis
pro
babl
ym
uch
larg
erov
er a
n ex
tend
edpe
riod
of
time.
Tab
le 1
2P
erce
nt o
fN
oncr
edit
Enr
olle
dS
tude
nts
Who
flow
from
Non
cred
it to
Cre
dit
as a
Per
cent
of
Enr
olle
d N
oncr
edit
Stu
dent
sca
lS
.85
E85
S:8
6£8
6151
8128
8£8
13£8
9£8
9S
:29
£34
S21
.£9
2E
925:
9,3
£23
s:94
% S
emes
ter
12.
83.
63.
73.
83.
84
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.9
44.
14.
36.
15.
25.
85.
25.
45.
15.
24.
9
% S
emes
ter
23.
24.
14.
14.
24.
14.
4.
4.3
4.2
4.5
4.3
4.4
4.6
6.3
6.3
6.1
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.3
n/a
% N
al y
ear
4.1
5,2
5.6
5,4
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.8
7.8
87.
87.
57.
67.
17.
26.
7n/
a
San
Fra
ncis
coH
igh
Sch
ools
,bo
th p
ublic
and
priv
ate
wer
e th
eso
urce
of 1
871, 1640
and
1056
first
tim
efr
eshm
en fo
r
the
fall
term
s of
199
2,19
93 a
nd 1
994,
resp
ectiv
ely,
acco
rdin
g to
the
ICN
44-C
ensu
sW
eek
Rep
ort.
The
re a
rese
vera
l
inte
rest
ing
issu
es r
egar
ding
this
sou
rcin
g.F
irst,
first
time
fres
hmen
are
defin
edas
nev
erha
ving
atte
nded
the
cred
itpr
ogra
m
befo
re. T
hat i
s, e
ven
ifth
ey h
ave
atte
nded
the
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
prio
rto
enr
ollin
gin
the
cred
itpr
ogra
m, t
hey
are
cons
ider
eda
first
tim
efr
eshm
an.
Sec
ond,
the
year
of g
radu
atio
nfr
om th
athi
gh s
choo
l is
irrel
evan
t.F
or th
ese
two
reas
ons
a di
rect
com
paris
onbe
twee
n th
ese
figur
es fo
r firs
t tim
efr
eshm
enco
min
g fr
omS
an F
ranc
isco
high
sch
ools
and
the
figur
es in
this
1226
2'7
repo
rt fo
r no
ncre
dit s
tude
nts
cann
ot b
e di
rect
ly c
ompa
red.
How
ever
, it t
erm
s of
mag
nitu
de,
in a
ny g
iven
sem
este
r,a
larg
ernu
mbe
r of
cre
dit s
tude
nts
atte
nded
the
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
the
prio
r se
mes
ter
than
cam
e fr
om a
ny h
igh
scho
ol in
San
Fra
ncis
co.
Aga
in w
hen
exam
inin
gth
e im
pact
of n
oncr
edit
stud
ents
as
a so
urce
of c
redi
t stu
dent
s it
mus
t be
rem
embe
red
that
this
stud
y is
ver
y co
nser
vativ
ein
that
it o
nly
allo
ws
stud
ents
one
yea
r to
get
tocr
edit
afte
r en
rolli
ng in
a no
ncre
dit p
rogr
am.
Sec
ond,
whe
n ex
amin
ing
thes
e fig
ures
, it m
ust b
ere
mem
bere
d th
at C
ity C
olle
geis
a tw
o-ye
ar in
stitu
tion,
and
ther
efor
e on
lyon
e-qu
arte
r of
all
stud
ents
isth
e ta
rget
ed fi
gure
for
new
stu
dent
s in
any
giv
en s
emes
ter.
And
as
disc
usse
d be
fore
,tw
o ye
ars
is a
lso
prob
ably
a ve
ry c
onse
rvat
ive
leng
th o
f tim
efo
r an
urb
an s
tude
nt to
com
plet
e th
eir
educ
atio
n,so
25%
is p
roba
bly
anun
real
istic
ally
hig
h ex
pect
atio
n.It
is a
gain
app
aren
t tha
t spr
ing
of 1
991
repr
esen
tsa
peak
for
the
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
mov
ing
from
non
cred
it to
cred
itbo
th in
abs
olut
e te
rms
and
as a
per
cent
age
ofth
e to
tal n
umbe
r. It
is a
lso
criti
cal t
o th
e un
ders
tand
ing
of th
e pa
ttern
of
stud
ent f
low
to r
emem
ber t
hat s
prin
g of
199
1w
as th
e se
mes
ter
that
pre
cede
d th
eim
plem
enta
tion
of th
eco
urse
con
vers
ions
,as
wel
l as
the
inte
grat
ion
of b
oth
the
cred
it an
d no
ncre
dit
prog
ram
s in
to d
isci
plin
e-ba
sed
depa
rtm
ents
.
Tab
le 1
3P
erce
nt o
f Non
cred
it E
nrol
led
Stu
dent
s W
ho F
low
from
Non
cred
itto
Cre
dit a
s a
Per
cent
of a
llE
nrol
led
Cre
dit S
tude
nts
£14
215
E85
Slth
LS
'87
£12
SIB
El8
S:1
12E
US
:94
£20
S:2
1E
ll22
£92
223
£23
S:2
4E
24X
Sem
este
r 1
5.5
8.8
7.5
7.7
7.8
7.9
76.
96.
97.
36.
97.
17.
29.
97.
57.
66.
57.
47.
16.
95.
9%
Sem
este
r 2
6.4
108.
28.
68.
38.
87.
97.
58.
38
7.7
8.1
10.7
10.1
8.8
7.6
7.3
7.6
7.5
7.1
n/a
% T
otal
yea
r8.
312
.611
.211
11.7
11.1
10.6
9.6
10.8
10.3
10.2
10.1
13.1
12.9
11.3
9.8
9.5
9.7
109
n/o
Tab
les
14 a
nd 1
5 sh
ow th
eab
solu
te n
umbe
rs a
s w
ell a
s th
e pe
rcen
tage
of n
oncr
edit
stud
ents
that
enr
oll t
he n
ext
sem
este
r in
non
cred
itpr
ogra
ms.
To
unde
rsta
nd th
ese
num
bers
,it
mus
t be
poin
ted
out t
hat
in th
e tw
o-ye
ar c
olle
gem
odel
,on
ly 7
5% o
f the
stu
dent
sar
e ex
pect
ed to
con
tinue
. In
addi
tion,
nonc
redi
t is
spec
ifica
lly d
esig
ned
to m
eet t
he n
eeds
of a
dult
stud
ents
who
may
not
be
able
to c
ontin
ue s
emes
ter
tose
mes
ter
with
out a
bre
ak b
ecau
seof
obl
igat
ions
in th
eir
lives
,so
that
75%
is u
nrea
listic
ally
hig
hP
ersi
sten
ce b
etw
een
sem
este
rsha
s in
crea
sed
by 5
5% in
the
last
ten
year
s,or
at a
n av
erag
e ra
te o
f 5.5
%pe
r ye
ar.
13
2829
Per
sist
ence
into
the
seco
nd s
emes
ter h
as r
emai
ned
rela
tivel
y fla
t. A
poss
ible
sug
gest
ion
for
the
diffe
renc
ebe
twee
n th
ese
two
tren
ds is
the
very
mob
ile n
atur
e of
the
nonc
redi
t pop
ulat
ion
whi
ch is
larg
ely
imm
igra
nt. A
sec
ond
poss
ible
reas
on is
that
as fl
ow to
cre
dit i
ncre
ases
, the
n,as
a r
esul
t, th
e pe
rsis
tenc
e is
non
cred
it w
illde
crea
se. A
third
is th
atm
any
nonc
redi
tst
uden
ts m
ay h
ave
acco
mpl
ishe
d th
eir e
duca
tion
goal
s af
ter
just
two
sem
este
rs. N
ever
thel
ess,
the
sign
ifica
ntdi
ffere
nces
betw
een
the
patte
rns
of p
ersi
sten
cebe
twee
n "S
emes
ter
1s a
nd "
Sem
este
r T b
ears
furt
her
inve
stig
atio
n.
Tab
le 1
4
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Flo
w fr
om N
oncr
edit
toN
oncr
edit
515
E85
Sit
Eft
532
EaZ
538
EN
519
E82
S:9
951
91E
21S
:92
E92
5:23
E93
5:14
E94
Sem
este
r 1
1751
921
342
2572
223
163
2606
124
052
2641
723
848
2779
425
398
2819
325
713
2863
925
919
2646
722
588
2497
423
102
2308
218
902
1781
7
Sem
este
r 2
1288
917
470
1813
418
523
1857
419
081
1941
719
026
1987
520
018
2021
720
654
2078
919
813
1845
318
249
1866
816
735
1560
512
853
n/a
Tot
al y
ear
1939
824
517
2847
726
109
2850
726
566
2885
826
466
3015
028
175
3071
128
265
3090
028
088
2864
324
421
2679
924
785
2454
619
824
nja
Tab
le 1
5P
erce
nt o
f Non
cred
it E
nrol
led
Stu
dent
sW
ho F
low
from
Non
cred
it to
Non
cred
itas
a P
erce
nt o
f all
Enr
olle
d N
oncr
edit
Stu
dent
s
[34
5:15
fitS
itE
ft5:
81£1
17S
laE
at51
2E
89S
:20
Ela
sat
E91
5192
E92
533
E23
5:94
7. S
emes
ter
136
.243
52.1
43.9
50.9
46.2
53.1
47.6
54.2
4753
.848
55.8
49.8
52.7
49.6
59.5
54.2
5647
.9 5
0.6
% S
emes
ter
2 26
.735
.236
.735
.136
.336
.639
3838
.737
.138
.638
.540
.538
.136
.740
44.5
39.3
37.9
32.6
nja
Tot
al y
ear
40.1
49.4
57.7
49.4
55.6
5158
52.9
58.8
52.2
58.6
52.8
60.2
5457
53.6
63.9
58.2
59.6
50.2
nja
Tab
les
16 a
nd 1
7 pr
esen
t a s
umm
ary
of th
e flo
w o
f non
cred
it st
uden
tsov
er th
e fo
llow
ing
two
sem
este
rs. H
ere
the
14
3031
peak
ing
of p
ersi
sten
ce o
ccur
s in
the
fall
1992
sem
este
r. T
his
indi
cate
s th
at th
e ch
ange
s in
con
vers
ion
and
rest
ruct
urin
gha
ve b
een
quite
effe
ctiv
e, a
s th
e nu
mbe
rs u
nder
F'9
2 re
flect
the
stud
ents
' per
sist
ence
into
199
3, tw
o ye
ars
afte
r th
e in
itial
conv
ersi
on p
erio
d. A
per
sist
ence
rat
e of
64%
is o
nly
11%
sho
rt o
f a p
erfe
ct m
odel
of p
ersi
sten
ce, n
ot a
rea
listic
mea
sure
for
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
s no
r fo
r ur
ban
colle
ges.
It is
impo
rtan
t to
rem
embe
r th
at d
ata
on th
ese
tabl
es a
fter
fall
of 1
993
is n
ot 1
00%
com
plet
e si
nce
thes
e nu
mbe
rs a
reaf
fect
ed in
the
case
of f
all 1
993
by fa
ll 19
94 d
ata
whi
ch is
inco
mpl
ete
and
in th
e ca
se o
f spr
ing
1994
by
fall
1994
and
sprin
g19
95, b
oth
of w
hich
are
inco
mpl
ete.
The
refo
re, n
o co
nclu
sion
s sh
ould
yet
be
draw
n on
cha
nges
in tr
ends
bas
ed s
olel
y on
data
from
thes
e tw
o se
mes
ters
.F
urth
erm
ore,
thes
e ar
e en
rollm
ent n
umbe
rs, n
ot n
umbe
rs o
f stu
dent
s w
ho a
ctua
lly a
ttend
ed a
cla
ss in
the
case
of
nonc
redi
t or
com
plet
ed a
cou
rse
in th
e ca
se o
f cre
dit.
The
refo
re, g
iven
the
very
con
serv
ativ
e na
ture
of t
hese
def
initi
ons,
the
pers
iste
nce
rate
bet
wee
n se
mes
ters
for
stud
ents
from
the
nonc
redi
t pro
gram
sho
uld
be v
iew
ed a
s an
out
stan
ding
suc
cess
.
Tab
le 1
6
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Flo
w fr
om N
oncr
edit
to N
oncr
edit
or C
redi
t
Lal
285
[85
586
E85
282
2.88
Laa
289
L89
190
L20
221
E.1
129
2F
'92
223
F.1
9351
94194
Semester 1 18337
22893
26902
24534
27267
25523
27617
25139
29010
26798
29457
27178
29960
27995
28147
24267
26176
24379
24288
20288
18946
Semester 2 14031
19015
19609
20193
20132
20826
20702
20594
21554
21726
21908
22487
23071
22297
20690
20146
20235
18347
17289
14501
n /n
Total year
20381
25956
29796
27684
29913
28294
30272
27931
31612
29790
32128
29937
32506
30367
30513
26154
28120
26155
25863
21344
n /a
Tab
le 1
7
Per
cent
of N
oncr
edit
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Who
Flo
w fr
om N
oncr
edit
to N
oncr
edit
oi C
redi
t as
a P
erce
nt o
f all
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
E:1
3451
5L8
528
6LH
SE
[az
E88
289
L89
220
L20
29.1
Lai
292
L92
223
L93
514
f'!,P
1
7. S
emes
ter
125
.833
.437
.231
.936
.433
.236
.832
.837
.432
.936
.532
.937
.434
34.1
30.8
35.8
33.9
35.1
30.1
10.2
7. S
emes
ter
219
.827
.721
.126
.326
.927
.127
.626
.927
.826
.627
.127
.228
.827
25.1
25.6
27.6
25.5
2571
.5a/
4
7. 1
031
year
28.7
37.8
41.2
3639
.936
.840
.336
.440
.836
.539
.836
.340
.636
.836
.933
.238
.436
.337
.451
.7n/
,)
15
3233
FLO
W O
F E
NR
OLL
ED
CR
ED
IT S
TU
DE
NT
S
Exa
min
atio
n of
the
pers
iste
nce
rate
s be
twee
n se
mes
ters
from
a c
redi
t to
a cr
edit
prog
ram
refle
cts
the
trad
ition
al fa
ll to
sprin
g en
rollm
ent p
atte
rn, w
ith p
ersi
sten
ce b
etw
een
fall
and
sprin
g be
ing
abou
t 10
perc
enta
gepo
ints
hig
her
than
pers
iste
nce
betw
een
sprin
g an
d fa
ll. T
his
refle
cts
the
fact
that
man
y m
ore
stud
ents
finis
h th
eir
cour
se o
f stu
dy in
spr
ing
beca
use
1) th
at is
the
way
man
y pr
ogra
ms
are
desi
gned
and
2)
tran
sfer
to a
four
-yea
rco
llege
or
univ
ersi
ty is
mos
t fre
quen
t in
the
fall
sem
este
r.T
here
has
bee
n a
23%
incr
ease
in th
e la
st te
n ye
ars
in th
e pe
rsis
tenc
e le
vel b
etw
een
fall
and
sprin
g se
mes
ters
, or
an
aver
age
annu
al r
ate
of 2
.3%
. Per
sist
ence
rat
es fo
r on
e ye
arha
ve im
prov
ed 1
2% fo
r th
e sa
me
perio
d, h
alf t
he r
ate
the
one
sem
este
r ra
te. F
all 1
993
are
alm
ost e
xact
ly o
n ta
rget
at 7
2% w
ith 7
5% th
e m
odel
.
Tab
le 1
8
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Flo
w fr
om C
redi
t to
Cre
dit
L84
S:8
5£8
5S
.85
LaS
EE
az58
5£8
8S
19L8
9S
:20
DO
S:9
1LE
S:9
2£2
3£9
3O
AL2
4
Sem
este
r 1
1348
313
152
1578
813
632
1607
014
089
1715
214
985
1780
215
819
1E89
016
970
1988
118
424
2263
620
350
2183
319
190
2063
618
014
2024
5
Sem
este
r 2
1076
610
788
1097
111
008
1147
611
566
1210
512
301
1282
212
874
1379
014
015
1486
315
172
1660
816
075
1617
515
519
1519
214
879
n /a
Tot
al y
ear
1439
514
264
1670
614
796
1712
015
329
1824
316
360
1900
317
214
2026
818
485
2127
919
906
2384
621
595
2289
120
179
2165
218
974
n/o
Tab
le 1
9
Per
cent
of C
redi
t Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Who
Flo
w fr
om C
redi
t to
Cre
dit a
s a
Per
cent
of C
redi
t Stu
dent
s
£84
S:8
5E
135
186
laz
L81
188
E:8
8S
:89
E89
S:2
0E
.90
191
C91
S:9
2L9
219
3L9
3S
:24
L9.4
7. S
emes
ter
155
.964
.564
.852
.963
.753
.363
.853
.464
.154
.463
55.3
65.4
57.1
65.4
57.1
65.4
58.2
65.6
61.3
69
7. S
emes
ter
244
.652
.945
42.7
45.5
43.8
45.1
43.8
46.2
44.2
4645
.748
.947
4646
48.6
49.6
50.8
50.1
n/o
7. T
otal
yea
r59
.770
68.6
57.4
67.9
5867
.958
.368
.459
.267
.660
.370
.161
.768
.961
.868
.864
.15
72.3
63.9
n/o
16
34
The
flow
of s
tude
nts
in C
ity C
olle
geof
San
Fra
ncis
co is
not
uni
dire
ctio
nal.
Abo
ut 5
% o
f all
cred
it st
uden
tsen
roll
inno
ncre
dit c
ours
es a
fter
taki
ng c
redi
t cou
rses
. Thi
s ra
te h
as r
emai
ned
rela
tivel
y st
able
over
tim
e, d
ecre
asin
g at
an
aver
age
rate
of a
bout
1%
per
yea
r fo
r se
mes
ter t
o se
mes
ter
flow
from
cre
dit t
o no
ncre
dit.
The
flow
from
cre
dit t
o no
ncre
dit d
urin
g th
een
tire
next
yea
r ha
s al
so d
eclin
ed,
abou
t 22%
ove
r th
is e
ntire
ten
year
per
iod.
Thi
s m
ay b
e th
e re
sult
GI i
mpr
oved
coun
selin
g so
that
stu
dent
sar
e pl
aced
in th
e co
rrec
t pro
gram
, non
cred
itor
cre
dit
befo
re th
ey e
nrol
l. O
ne o
f the
goa
ls o
f the
inte
grat
ion
of n
oncr
edit
and
cred
it in
to o
ne d
epar
tmen
t by
disc
iplin
e w
as to
rem
ove
inst
itutio
nal b
arrie
rs th
at p
revi
ousl
y of
ten
prev
ente
d st
uden
ts fr
om g
ettin
gac
cura
te in
form
atio
n ab
out b
oth
cred
it an
d no
ncre
dit
prog
ram
s. T
his
prob
lem
has
bee
n fu
rthe
r co
rrec
ted
by th
e in
tegr
atio
n of
all
coun
selin
gin
to o
ne d
epar
tmen
t,so
that
info
rmat
ion
rega
rdin
g pr
ogra
m a
ndco
urse
offe
rings
is m
ore
equa
lly a
vaila
ble
to c
ouns
elor
s an
d st
uden
ts b
oth.
Fur
ther
mor
e, r
educ
tion
in th
e fio
w o
f stu
dent
sfr
om c
redi
t to
nonc
redi
t is
due
to th
e na
ture
of t
heco
urse
s, s
peci
fical
ly in
the
area
s of
alli
ed h
ealth
and
aut
omot
ive,
conv
erte
d to
cre
dit.
The
se d
epar
tmen
tsof
ten
attr
act c
redi
t stu
dent
s w
hoha
vefu
lfille
d th
eir
gene
ral e
duca
tion
requ
irem
ents
.S
ince
thes
e ar
e no
w c
redi
tpr
ogra
ms,
they
are
no
long
er p
art o
f the
stat
istic
ssh
owin
g m
ovem
ent f
rom
cre
dit t
ono
ncre
dit.
Tab
le 2
1
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Flo
w fr
om C
redi
t to
Non
cred
it
E84
Semester 1
1420
Sem
este
r2
1235
lotal year
2210
E84
%S
emes
ter
15.9
! Semester 2
5.1
7. Iota! year
9.2
515
1309
1426
2183
s85 6.4
7
10.7
£85
S:8
8E
85IB
ZF
la51
8E
R02
En
S:9
9E
N£9
1C
alS
:92
£92
S:2
3E
23
1405
1406
1404
1383
1298
1240
1383
1281
1471
1389
1455
1414
1553
1432
1699
1514
1546
1286
1386
1302
11E8
1117
1280
1182
1221
1294
1297
1200
1086
1323
1444
1418
1353
1110
2211
2266
2262
2036
2019
2024
2141
2025
2287
2151
2208
2045
2301
2219
2439
2195
2147
Tab
le 2
1P
erce
nt o
f Cre
dit E
nrol
led
Stu
dent
s W
hoF
low
from
Cre
dit t
o N
oncr
edit
as a
Per
cent
of C
redi
t Stu
dent
sC
85E
U18
1£8
2u8
S:8
9£8
900
S:9
1E
llS
:92
£92
L93
5.8
5.5
5.6
5.2
4,8
4.4
54.4
4.9
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.5
41
5.1
4.8
5.2
5.3
5.4
5,2
4.4
4.2
4.6
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.2
41.4
3.8
4.1
4.3
4.3
3.7
9.1
8.8
97.7
7.5
7.2
7.7
77.6
77.3
6.3
6.6
6.3
7.3
77.2
17
SL9
AF
'94
1161
949
813
n/o
1534
n/a
S'9
11 3.9 3.3
2.7 n/a
5.2 n/a
1:14
3637
The
act
ual p
erce
ntag
e of
of c
redi
t stu
dent
s flo
win
g to
non
cred
it ha
s in
crea
sed.
Thi
s is
bec
ause
the
size
of t
he n
oncr
edit
prog
ram
has
dec
reas
ed fa
ster
than
the
drop
in th
e nu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
s m
ovin
g fr
om c
redi
t to
nonc
redi
t. T
his
coho
rt n
owac
coun
ts fo
r al
mos
t 5%
of t
he to
tal n
oncr
edit
enro
llmen
t.
Tab
le 2
2
Per
cent
of N
oncr
edit
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Who
Flo
w fr
om C
redi
t to
Non
cred
it as
a P
erce
nt o
f Non
cred
it S
tude
nts
E84
s.5
csr
Ea/
sla
Em
asLa
s5'90
ELIO
01LE
S:92
L92
sa3
L9.3
.sa
4
% Semester 1
2.9
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.4
2.8
2.6
2.8
2.7
3.1
3.1
4.1
3.6
2.8
2.9 2.1
% Semester 2
2.6
2.9
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.6
3.2
3.4
3.2
2.7
2.1
n/o
% Totol year
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.4
3.9
4.1
44.2
3.8
4.4
44.3
3.9
4.6
4.9
5.8
5.2
5.2
3.9 n/a
In c
oncl
usio
n, e
xam
inin
g th
e pa
ttern
of c
redi
t stu
dent
enr
ollm
ent o
ver
the
past
ten
year
s re
pres
ents
a p
erio
d of
impr
oved
serv
ice
to s
tude
nts
as e
vide
nced
by
an o
vera
ll in
crea
se in
the
leve
l of p
ersi
sten
ce fr
om s
emes
ter
to s
emes
ter
and
for
the
entir
e ye
ar. O
vera
ll th
ere
has
been
an
incr
ease
in th
e ra
te o
f per
sist
ence
bet
wee
n se
mes
ters
from
20%
to 3
3% fo
r th
e en
tire
ten-
year
per
iod.
The
rat
e fo
r pe
rsis
tenc
e fo
r bo
th th
e fir
st a
nd s
econ
d se
mes
ter
has
incr
ease
d fr
om 2
1% to
28%
. The
refo
re,
over
all,
the
inst
itutio
n ha
s be
en s
ubst
antia
lly m
ore
succ
essf
ul in
impr
ovin
g pe
rsis
tenc
e to
the
first
sem
este
rs a
lthou
gh le
ssso
for
the
seco
nd s
emes
ter.
Tab
le 2
3
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Flo
w fr
om C
redi
t to
Cre
dit o
r N
oncr
edit
al5.
185
S86
Efif
iS
821.
115:
131.
1E
fiB51
9re
aE
9.0
EL.
91.
S:9
2E
92S
3E
9351
9.4
L94
Semester 1 14094
13773
16353
14317
16627
19737
17663
15529
18327
16410
19516
17593
20422
19017
23202
20901
22411
19718
21124
18407
20530
Semester 2 11457
11614
11690
11805
12200
12225
12676
13006
13478
13581
14504
14705
15446
15723
17248
16768
16860
16115
15704
15203
n/a
Totolyear
15162
15123
17414
15732
17862
16126
18872
17110
19663
17998
21029
19275
21896
20577
24503
22279
23583
20788
22196
19381
n/a
18
3839
Tab
le 2
4
Per
cent
of N
oKre
dit E
nrol
led
Stu
dent
s.W
ho R
ow fr
om C
redi
t to
Non
cred
it or
Cre
dit a
s a
Per
cent
of a
ll E
nrol
led
Stu
dent
s
CH
285
E85
285
EB
B18
2E
8225
8E
5825
9£1
5929
9B
O22
1E
9129
2E
R22
3E
9331
94E
94
7. S
emes
ter
119
.920
.122
.618
.622
.225
.723
.520
.323
.620
.124
.221
.325
.523
.128
.126
.630
.627
.430
.527
.332
.8
X S
emes
ter
216
.116
.916
.215
.316
.315
.916
.917
17.4
16.7
1817
.819
.319
.120
.921
.323
22.4
22.7
22.6
7. T
otal
yea
r21
.422
24.1
20.5
23.8
2125
.222
.325
.422
.126
.123
.427
.425
29.7
28.3
32.2
28.9
32.1
28.8
FLO
W O
F N
ON
CR
ED
IT A
ND
CR
ED
IT E
NR
OLL
ED
ST
UD
EN
TS
Thi
s se
ctio
n ex
amin
es th
e en
rollm
ent p
atte
rn o
f all
stud
ents
, bot
h cr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t stu
dent
s go
ing
to b
oth
cred
itan
dno
ncre
dit p
rogr
ams.
Per
sist
ence
to th
e ne
xt s
emes
ter
peak
ed fo
r th
e fa
ll 19
92 c
ohor
t of s
tude
nts;
64%
per
sise
d to
the
next
sem
este
r an
d 68
% p
ersi
sted
for
the
entir
e ye
ar, f
allin
g on
ly 7
% p
oint
s sh
ort o
f the
idea
l.T
he te
n ye
ar im
prov
emen
t rat
e fo
r fir
st s
emes
ter
pers
iste
nce
is 1
7% o
r 1.
7% a
vera
ge a
nnua
l rat
e of
incr
ease
. For
firs
tan
d se
cond
sem
este
r pe
rsis
tenc
e th
e im
prov
emen
t is
slig
htly
less
, 13%
or
an a
vera
ge a
nnua
l rat
e of
incr
ease
of 1
.3%
.
Tab
le 2
5
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
Flo
w fr
om C
redi
t and
Non
cred
it to
Cre
dit a
nd N
oncr
edit
CM
285
EU
256
E86
281
E82
285
E11
828
9E
8922
0LE
291
292
}:92
EU
294
L94
Sem
este
r 1
3831
135
576
4210
037
747
4272
639
126
4406
639
646
4612
442
152
4765
843
556
4902
745
674
4956
143
775
4699
942
678
4384
934
431
3829
9
Sem
este
r 2
2915
029
671
3039
231
014
3143
332
086
3245
732
682
3405
934
361
3534
936
143
3743
336
890
3649
235
733
3583
633
369
3180
228
677
n/a
Tot
al y
ear
4199
439
883
4600
242
181
4653
143
192
4786
043
911
4997
946
604
5175
747
898
5297
149
517
5314
646
962
5003
945
461
4643
539
408
n /a
19
4041
Tab
le 2
6
Per
cent
of N
oncr
edit
and
Cre
dit E
nrol
led
Stu
dent
s W
ho F
low
from
Cre
dit a
nd N
oncr
edit
to C
redi
t and
Non
cred
it as
a P
erce
nt o
f all
Enr
olle
d S
tude
nts
L84
585
E85
S86
EN
SE
EU
S88
£11
£89
E82
5:20
LWE
91E
22£2
3u3
S24
E24
Sem
este
r 1
5451
.958
.349
.157
50.9
58.7
51.7
59.5
51.7
59.1
52.8
61.3
55.4
6055
.664
.259
.363
.451
.161
.1
Sem
este
r 2
41.1
43.3
42.1
40.3
4241
.843
.342
.643
.942
.143
.843
.846
.844
.844
.245
.449
46.4
4642
.6 n
/a
Tot
al y
ear
59.2
58.1
63.7
54.8
62.1
56.2
63.8
57.3
64.4
57.2
64.1
5866
.260
.164
.359
.768
.463
.267
.158
.5 n
/a
FLO
W O
F N
ON
CR
ED
IT S
TU
DE
NT
AT
TE
ND
ER
S
The
follo
win
g se
ctio
ns a
ll di
scus
s th
e at
tend
ance
pat
tern
of s
tude
nts
rath
er th
an s
tude
nts'
enr
ollm
ent p
atte
rns.
The
per
cent
age
of c
redi
t stu
dent
s w
ho a
ttend
ed a
non
cred
it co
urse
the
prio
r se
mes
ter
incr
ease
d fr
om 6
.5%
to 7
.3%
over
the
last
ten
year
s, a
12%
incr
ease
or
a lit
tle m
ore
than
a 1
% in
crea
se p
er y
ear.
The
per
cent
of c
redi
t stu
dent
s w
hoha
veat
tend
ed a
non
cred
it co
urse
in th
e pr
evio
us y
ear
slig
htly
dec
reas
ed fo
rm 9
.8%
to 9
.3%
.T
he p
eak
was
onc
e ag
ain
in s
prin
g of
199
2 w
ith 1
0% o
f cre
dit s
tude
nts
havi
ng a
ttend
ed a
non
cred
it cl
ass
in th
e la
stye
ar. U
nfor
tuna
tely
this
is lo
wer
than
the
12.9
% r
ate
for
thos
e w
ho e
nrol
led.
The
refo
re, a
hig
her
perc
enta
geof
stu
dent
s fr
omno
ncre
dit s
tate
thei
r in
tent
ion
of e
nrol
ling
in C
redi
t as
com
pare
d to
thos
e th
at a
ctua
lly fi
nish
the
clas
s. T
he c
ause
of t
he fa
ilure
to c
ompl
ete
the
clas
s sh
ould
be
expl
ored
bec
ause
inte
rven
tion
coul
d po
ssib
ly h
elp
to r
emov
e th
e di
ffere
ntia
l bet
wee
n in
tend
and
perf
orm
ance
.T
able
27
Stu
dent
Atte
nder
s F
low
from
Non
cred
it to
Cre
dit
E84
SIM
E85
E88
SE
ER
S86
EE
L£8
3£8
2£2
0E
D21
1L1
1S
:12
E92
S:1
3E
23S
:24
194
Sem
este
r 1
1311
1389
1363
1515
1562
1629
1429
1481
1421
1633
1586
1643
1667
2470
1901
2110
1683
1808
1539
1568
1491
Sem
este
r 2
1445
1601
1538
1726
1608
1805
1645
1652
1792
1819
1807
1923
2524
2893
2365
2173
1904
1930
1672
1848
n /a
Tot
al y
ear
2014
2035
2131
2255
2378
2364
2253
2153
2343
2414
2456
2459
3161
3368
3060
2852
2556
2457
2273
2224
n/a
20
4243
-T
he le
vel o
f firs
t sem
este
r pe
rsis
tenc
efo
r no
ncre
dit
stud
ents
atte
ndin
gno
ncre
dit c
ours
es th
ene
xt s
emes
ter
incr
ease
dfr
om 5
1% to
58%
in th
e la
st te
nye
ars,
a 1
3% in
crea
se.
The
leve
l of p
ersi
sten
cefo
r no
ncre
dit s
tude
nts
atte
ndin
gno
ncre
dit
cour
ses
in th
e ne
xtye
ar a
lso
incr
ease
d, fr
om56
% to
61%
, nea
rlya
10 %
impr
ovem
ent.
The
per
sist
ence
of a
ttend
ers
from
nonc
redi
t is
subs
tant
ially
high
er th
an fo
r enr
olle
rs. T
his
indi
cate
sth
at o
nce
ano
ncre
dit s
tude
ntac
tual
ly a
ttend
sa
cour
se, t
hey
are
mor
e lik
ely
to a
ttend
,no
t jus
t enr
oll t
hene
xt s
emes
ter.
Ten
year
s ag
ow
hile
36%
of t
heen
rolle
rs e
nrol
led
the
next
sem
este
r, 5
1%of
the
atte
nder
sac
tual
ly a
ttend
edth
e co
urse
. Tod
ayth
atdi
ffere
nce
is 5
6% to
58%
.T
en y
ears
ago
91%
of t
he n
oncr
edit
stud
ents
who
enr
olle
d,at
tend
ed th
eir
cour
se, t
oday
that
leve
!is
97%
. The
refo
re,
we
have
not
onl
y im
prov
edth
e le
vel o
f per
sist
ence
of n
oncr
edit
stud
ents
,bu
t the
rat
e at
whi
ch s
tude
nts
atte
nd a
cou
rse
afte
r th
eyha
ve e
nrol
led.
Tab
le 2
8S
tude
nt A
ttend
ers
Flo
wfr
om N
oncr
edit
toN
oncr
edit
El4
S5
E:8
52.
85E
M28
1E
8228
8E
BB
512
EU
290
ED
521
Ell
222
£92
223
£23
224
E24
Semeder 1 22310
19549
23447
21283
24650
21644
23898
21252
25132
22084
25227
22367
25380
21519
22403
20579
22465
19865
21593
18256
4465
Semester 2 15515
16173
16454
17324
16990
17689
17142
17501
17432
17972
17736
18313
17319
16699
16123
16268
16128
15870
14825
3351
n/a
Iota1year
24573
22334
25973
24107
27009
24373
26292
23984
27523
24985
27778
25183
27699
24093
24413
22545
24317
21744
22954
18377
n/o
Firs
t sem
este
r per
sist
ence
of n
oncr
edit
stud
ents
in th
ein
stitu
tion
has
rem
aine
d re
lativ
ely
cons
tant
ove
r th
ela
st te
nye
ars
acco
untin
g fo
r37
% o
f the
tota
l col
lege
atte
nder
sto
day
and
ten
year
s ag
o. T
hesa
me
hold
s tr
ue fo
r firs
t and
sec
ond
sem
este
r pe
rsis
tenc
eof
non
cred
it st
uden
tsin
the
inst
itutio
n,ho
ldin
g st
eady
at 4
0% o
ver
the
last
deca
de.
The
se s
tatis
tics
hide
the
man
y ch
ange
sth
at h
ave
occu
rred
in th
e in
stitu
tion
rega
rdin
g pe
rsis
tenc
eof
non
cred
itst
uden
tsov
er ti
me.
The
reas
on is
that
ther
e ha
sbe
en m
ovem
ent
in b
oth
dire
ctio
nsan
d th
ese
mov
emen
tsha
ve o
ffset
eac
hot
her,
mak
ing
itap
pear
that
ther
e ha
sbe
en n
o ch
ange
.
4421
45
Tab
le 2
9
Stu
dent
Atte
nder
s F
low
from
Non
cred
it to
Cre
dit a
nd N
oncr
edit
S.8
5E
I5S
IBE
116
SB
Z21
18E
BB
S82
E89
SE
ED
121
Ell
S:2
2£2
251
3E
:23
£24
E94
Sem
este
r 1
2317
820
590
2437
322
378
2566
022
844
2485
222
298
2609
323
252
2622
623
528
2644
123
299
2364
621
981
2344
621
087
2249
619
367
5823
Sem
este
r 2
1665
717
349
1764
1.18
661
1822
9.1
9092
1842
118
794
1879
919
364
1912
119
797
1922
018
718
1792
017
878
1752
6.1
7315
1612
251
02n/
a
Tot
al y
ear
2561
723
569
2705
225
393
2819
025
806
2744
725
206
2868
426
346
2894
926
549
2900
726
068
2586
724
038
2541
823
068
2396
919
750
n/a
FLO
W O
F C
RE
DIT
ST
UD
EN
T A
TT
EN
DE
RS
Ove
r th
e la
st d
ecad
e th
e le
vel o
f firs
t sem
este
r pe
rsis
tenc
e by
cre
dit s
tude
nt a
ttend
ers
to c
redi
t pro
gram
s ha
s ris
en fr
or62
% to
66%
, an
incr
ease
of 6
.5%
. Dur
ing
this
sam
e tim
e pe
riod,
the
leve
l of f
irst a
nd s
econ
d se
mes
ter
pers
iste
nce
for
thes
est
uden
ts h
as r
isen
from
67%
to 7
2%, a
n in
crea
se o
f 7.5
%.
Thi
s is
a v
ery
succ
essf
ul le
vel,
only
3%
bel
ow th
e id
eal l
evel
of 7
5%. T
his
is a
lso
subs
tant
ially
hig
her
than
the
com
para
ble
pers
iste
nce
rate
s. T
he le
vel o
f firs
t sem
este
r pe
rsis
tenc
e by
cre
dit s
tude
nt e
nrol
lers
cha
nged
from
56%
to 6
1%ov
er th
e la
st d
ecad
e, a
n in
crea
se o
f 9%
. The
leve
l of f
irst a
nd s
econ
d se
mes
ter
cred
it st
uden
t enr
olle
rs c
hang
ed fr
om 6
0%to
64%
, an
incr
ease
of 7
%.
Tab
le .5
0
Stu
dent
Atte
nder
s F
low
from
Cre
dit t
o C
redi
t
Ea4
5.15
5I6
SU
EN
SE
£113
£82
cm12
0E
soal
LES
:92
£92
513
r93
53A
194
Sem
este
r 1
1270
610
603
Sem
este
r 2
8815
8649
Tot
al y
ear
1374
111
780
.128
6311
023
1314
111
113
1344
111
550
8977
.88
8591
6991
1294
2191
94
1394
8'1
2270
.14
332'
.12
454
1462
612
937
46
1348
011
875
9765
9653
1489
413
316
1450
712
891
1535
714
122
1756
6
1059
810
709
1148
811
695
1292
2
1600
014
511
1689
015
768
1913
3
22
1573
017
183
1480
716
529
1405
617
256
1246
012
680
1221
311
876
1266
9n/
a
1721
818
620
1614
317
801
1566
1n/
a.
47
As
with
the
cred
it st
uden
t enr
olle
rs th
e le
vel o
f stu
dent
flow
from
cre
dit t
o no
ncre
dit h
as d
eclin
ed fo
r cr
edit
stud
ent
atte
nder
s. T
here
has
bee
n a
10%
dro
p in
the
rate
at w
hich
cre
dit s
tude
nts
atte
nd n
oncr
edit
prog
ram
s w
ithin
one
sem
este
raf
ter
com
plet
ing
a cr
edit
cour
se in
the
last
dec
ade.
In 1
984
5.1%
of t
he c
redi
t stu
dent
atte
nder
s to
ok a
non
cred
it co
urse
the
next
sem
este
r. T
hat l
evel
has
bee
n re
duce
d fo
r th
e re
ason
s di
scus
sed
abov
e to
4.6
%.
The
sam
e pa
ttern
hol
ds fo
r cr
edit
stud
ent a
ttend
ers
taki
nga
nonc
redi
t cou
rse
one
or tw
o se
mes
ters
late
r. T
en y
ears
ago
the
leve
l was
8%
and
now
it is
6.5
%, a
sub
stan
tial d
eclin
e of
19%
. It i
s no
t cle
ar if
all
of th
is d
rop
can
be e
xpla
ined
by
the
conv
ersi
on o
f man
y vo
catio
nal p
rogr
ams
to c
redi
t or
whe
ther
som
e ot
her
fact
or h
as e
nter
ed in
to th
e de
cisi
on m
akin
g pr
oces
sof
cre
dit M
ende
rs.
Tab
le 3
1
Stu
dent
Atte
nder
s F
low
from
Cre
dit t
o N
oncr
edit
s85
SM
532
Ea/
Sla
C86
£89
£82
S:4
0E
9091
E91
5:92
E.1
92£9
351
4L9
4
Semester 1
1043
948
996
1071
1109
1101
1002
900
1001
939
1032
1003
1076
997
1137
1058
1293
1032
1150
890
148
Semester 2
907
1034
1016
1096
1035
931
860
944
824
890
981
971
870
790
981
1081
1007
1026
823
140
n/a
lolalyeor
1651
1584
1678
1771
1808
1640
1553
1489
1595
1482
1679
1601
1643
1485
1718
1672
1867
1575
1625
933
n/a
Unl
ike
the
nonc
redi
t Wen
ders
whe
re th
e flo
w o
f all
nonc
redi
t thr
ough
out t
he in
stitu
tion
hid
the
mor
e su
btle
pat
tern
s, th
ele
vel o
f cha
nge
amon
g th
e cr
edit
Men
ders
is n
ot h
idde
n by
the
sum
mar
y T
able
32.
The
leve
l of f
irst s
emes
ter
pers
iste
rsci
mon
g cr
edit
stud
ent a
ttend
ers
in b
oth
the
cred
it an
d no
ncre
dit p
rogr
ams
incr
ease
d in
the
last
dec
ade
from
59%
to 6
8%, a
chan
ge o
f 15%
. For
firs
t and
sec
ond
sem
este
r pe
rsis
ters
the
leve
l cha
nged
from
70%
to 7
3%, a
cha
nge
of 5
% in
the
last
deca
de.
23
4849
Tab
le 3
2
Stu
dent
Atte
nder
s F
low
from
to C
redi
t and
Non
cred
it
565
E85
265
E86
82E
US
8E
MS
.89
CM
S90
LEE
91S
L92
E92
S23
E23
94f94
Sem
este
r 1
1316
011
109
1392
611
589
1364
111
708
1391
011
991
1391
812
357
1501
213
405
1583
114
590
1803
416
196
1770
815
256
1693
214
443
1729
8
Sem
este
r 2
9357
9296
9584
9557
9787
9701
9920
9775
1029
410
230
1118
911
272
1195
512
120
1343
913
045
1322
912
720
1230
012
736
n/a
Tot
al y
ear
1430
812
459
-145
1713
039
1495
913
169
1518
813
546
1543
813
971
1661
415
156
1742
416
288
1966
017
789
1921
916
666
1824
415
969
n/a
FLO
W O
F C
RE
DIT
AN
D N
ON
CR
ED
ITA
TT
EN
DE
RS
The
rat
e of
per
sist
ence
thro
ugho
ut th
e in
stitu
tion
impr
oved
ove
rth
e la
st d
ecad
e fo
r bo
th fi
rst s
emes
ter
and
first
sem
este
r an
d se
cond
sem
este
r st
uden
t atte
nder
s. B
oth
grou
ps im
prov
ed b
y 9%
,w
ith fi
rst-
sem
este
rs a
ttend
ers
incr
easi
ngth
eir
pers
iste
nce
from
56%
to 6
3% a
nd fi
rst a
nd s
econ
d se
mes
tera
ttend
ers
incr
easi
ng fr
om 6
2% to
67%
.
Tab
le 3
3
Stu
dent
Atte
nder
s F
low
from
Cre
dit a
nd N
oncr
edit
to C
redi
t and
Non
cred
it
ED
I51
5E
M2E
6E
8582
E82
518
E13
8S
.89
£89
SE
NS
al£2
161
2L9
2S
23E
23S
.94
E24
Sem
este
r 1
3554
830
981
3694
033
226
3846
333
754
3791
933
601
3923
134
931
4035
536
139
4134
436
998
4052
437
204
4003
335
366
3843
032
914
2234
7
Sem
este
r 2
2541
626
104
2663
627
561
2740
328
094
2770
327
939
2844
828
979
2959
730
352
3045
430
078
3042
230
082
2988
829
184
2768
917
146
n/a
Tot
al y
ear
3906
635
236
4077
837
599
4223
838
077
4173
137
981
4326
139
544
4459
940
813
4543
141
397
4077
040
770
4344
238
675
4116
234
767
n /a
24
5051
MA
JOR
FIN
DIN
GS
Of t
he 1
23,0
00 w
ho e
nrol
led
in a
t lea
st o
ne c
ours
e at
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
dur
ing
the
last
five
yea
rs, 2
3%, o
rne
arly
one
-qua
rter
, atte
nded
a n
on-c
redi
t pro
gram
. Eig
hty-
eigh
t hun
dred
cam
e fr
om E
SL
non-
cred
it pr
ogra
ms,
mak
ing
up50
% o
f the
cre
dit E
SL
prog
ram
. Tw
enty
-one
per
cent
, 480
0, o
f all
nonc
redi
t bas
ic s
kills
enr
olle
d in
cre
dit c
ours
es d
urin
g th
issa
me
perio
d, a
s di
d 17
,000
or
24%
of t
hose
who
atte
nded
non
-cre
dit v
ocat
iona
l pro
gram
s.T
here
was
a 5
4% in
crea
se in
the
num
ber
of s
tude
nts
mov
ing
from
non
-cre
dit t
o cr
edit
annu
ally
dur
ing
the
ten
year
s of
the
stud
y. T
his
is d
espi
te a
22%
dec
reas
e in
the
num
ber
of n
on-c
redi
t stu
dent
s be
ing
serv
ed. I
n ad
ditio
n, b
etw
een
66%
to73
% o
f the
se s
tude
nts
pers
ist i
n cr
edit
durin
g th
e ne
xt s
emes
ter.
The
flow
of s
tude
nts
at C
CS
F is
not
uni
dire
ctio
nal.
In r
ecen
t yea
rs, a
bout
7%
of a
ll cr
edit
stud
ents
enr
oll i
n no
ncre
dit
cour
ses
with
in 2
sem
este
rs. H
owev
er, t
his
is d
own
from
10%
ten
year
s ag
o. T
he m
ain
reas
on fo
r th
is d
eclin
e is
the
conv
ersi
on o
f man
y vo
catio
nal p
rogr
ams
from
non
-cre
dit t
o cr
edit.
Fur
ther
mor
e, in
the
last
10
year
s th
e nu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
s ta
king
adv
anta
ge o
f bot
h no
n-cr
edit
and
cred
it pr
ogra
mm
atic
offe
rings
sim
ulta
neou
sly
has
incr
ease
d 20
%, f
rom
150
0 to
180
0.
CO
NC
LUS
ION
Thi
s re
port
has
dis
cuss
ed in
det
ail t
he fl
ow o
f stu
dent
s th
roug
hout
City
Col
lege
of S
an F
ranc
isco
for
the
last
dec
ade.
Stu
dent
s ha
ve b
een
exam
ined
bot
h as
enr
olle
rs a
nd a
s at
tend
ers.
The
pat
tern
of t
he e
nrol
lmen
t of a
ll st
uden
ts h
as b
een
com
pare
d to
the
patte
rn o
f atte
ndan
ce o
f all
stud
ents
. Fur
ther
mor
e, s
tude
nts
have
bee
n an
alyz
ed b
y pr
ogra
mm
atic
enro
llmen
t and
atte
ndan
ce. S
tude
nt fl
ow p
atte
rns
from
non
cred
it pr
ogra
ms
into
cre
dit,
nonc
redi
t and
to b
oth
nonc
redi
t and
cred
it pr
ogra
ms
have
bee
n co
mpa
red
to th
e pa
ttern
s of
stu
dent
s flo
win
g fr
om c
redi
t to
nonc
redi
t, cr
edit
and
cred
it to
bot
hcr
edit
and
nonc
redi
t. F
inal
ly, t
he p
atte
rn o
f all
stud
ents
eith
er e
nrol
ling
or a
ttend
ing
City
Col
lege
non
cred
it an
d cr
edit
prog
ram
s si
mul
tane
ousl
y ha
s be
en s
tudi
ed.
The
res
ult i
s an
ext
rem
ely
posi
tive
repo
rt th
at s
uppo
rts
the
chan
ge to
a d
epar
tmen
tal b
ased
str
uctu
re th
at in
tegr
ates
cred
it an
d no
ncre
dit p
rogr
ams,
as
wel
l as,
the
conv
ersi
on o
f cou
rses
from
non
cred
it to
cre
dit.
Per
sist
ence
leve
ls h
ave
been
impr
oved
alm
ost a
cros
s th
e bo
ard.
Par
ticip
atio
n in
cre
dit p
rogr
ams
by n
oncr
edit
stud
ents
has
ris
en, w
hile
par
ticip
atio
n of
cred
it st
uden
ts in
non
cred
it ha
s de
crea
sed.
Sim
ulta
neou
s pa
rtic
ipat
ion
in b
oth
cred
it an
d no
ncre
dit p
rogr
ams
has
also
incr
ease
d. A
ll of
thes
e tr
ends
indi
cate
that
bar
riers
to s
tude
nt e
nrol
lmen
t and
atte
ndan
ce in
pro
gram
s at
City
Col
lege
of S
an
25
5253
Fra
ncis
co h
ave
beer
red
uced
and
that
stu
dent
nee
ds a
re b
eing
bet
ter
met
.N
ever
thel
ess,
are
as o
f con
cern
hav
e su
rfac
ed. T
he r
atio
bet
wee
n th
enu
mbe
r of
stu
dent
s w
ho a
ctua
lly a
ttend
and
com
plet
e a
cour
se in
cre
dit t
o th
e nu
mbe
r w
ho e
nrol
l has
act
ually
decl
ined
in th
e la
st te
n ye
ars.
Thi
s is
wor
thy
of fu
rthe
r st
udy
to e
xpla
in th
e ca
uses
of t
his
decl
ine.
Dec
line
in e
nrol
lmen
t als
o be
ars
wat
chin
g. M
ost o
f thi
s de
clin
e is
due
to p
lann
ed c
ours
eco
nver
sion
and
red
uctio
n in
inst
ruct
iona
l cou
rse
offe
rings
. How
ever
, to
reac
h ca
p th
is y
ear,
a 4
% g
row
thw
ill b
e ne
cess
ary,
and
, the
refo
re, c
lose
scr
utin
y
of e
nrol
lmen
t and
atte
ndan
ce is
in o
rder
.T
he in
stitu
tion
impr
oved
its
rate
s fo
r in
ter-
sem
este
r pe
rsis
tenc
edr
amat
ical
ly in
the
last
dec
ade.
How
ever
, the
rat
es fo
rpe
rsis
tenc
e pa
st th
at fi
rst s
emes
ter
did
not e
xper
ienc
e a
sim
ilar
impr
ovem
ent.
It is
nec
essa
ry to
dis
cove
r w
hy th
e ra
tes
impr
oved
for
one
and
not t
he o
ther
, so
that
inte
rven
tion
met
hods
can
be
deve
lope
d to
kee
p st
uden
ts fo
r th
eir
third
sem
este
r, if
war
rant
ed.
And
fina
lly, t
he d
rop
in th
e ra
te o
f mov
emen
t fro
m c
redi
t to
nonc
redi
t nee
ds to
be e
xplo
red
at th
e de
part
men
t lev
el to
mak
e su
re th
at th
e dr
op is
a fu
nctio
n of
cou
rse
conv
ersi
on a
nd n
ot s
ome
othe
rhi
dden
fact
or.
Ove
rall,
the
inte
grat
ion
of c
redi
t and
non
cred
it in
to d
epar
tmen
ts a
nd th
eco
nver
sion
of m
any
nonc
redi
t cou
rses
to c
redi
t
has
been
of b
enef
it to
bot
h th
e in
stitu
tion
and
the
stud
ents
.
54
26
55