document resume author macmillin, marlene tege le …

235
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 290 342 FL 017 129 AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege TITLE Le Francais essentiel pour l'Afrique Francophone. Livre du stagiaire (Essential French for French-Speaking Africa. Trainee's Book). Reprint No. R-11A. INSTITUTION Experiment in International Living, Putney, Vt. SPONS AGENCY Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE May 84 NOTE 238p. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Behavioral Objectives; Difficulty Level; *Foreign Countries; *French; Grammar; Independent Study; Instructional Materials; *Intercultural Communication; Introductory Courses; Second Language Instruction; *Second Languages; Self Evaluation (Individuals); Vocabulary Development IDENTIFIERS *Africa; *Peace Corps ABSTRACT The course in basic French for French-speaking Africa is intended for use by Peace Corps volunteers. It consists of lists of specific behavioral objectives for two proficiency levels and 20 lessons emphasizing grammar and vocabulary for everyday situations in Peace Corps work. Lessons contain a presentation of the basic material to be covered, pronunciation hints, suggested supplementary vocabulary, and exercises. The materials are designed for use in class and for independent study and self-evaluation. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************

Upload: others

Post on 23-Oct-2021

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 290 342 FL 017 129

AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene TegeTITLE Le Francais essentiel pour l'Afrique Francophone.

Livre du stagiaire (Essential French forFrench-Speaking Africa. Trainee's Book). Reprint No.R-11A.

INSTITUTION Experiment in International Living, Putney, Vt.SPONS AGENCY Peace Corps, Washington, D.C.PUB DATE May 84NOTE 238p.PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Materials (For Learner)

(051)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Behavioral Objectives; Difficulty Level; *Foreign

Countries; *French; Grammar; Independent Study;Instructional Materials; *InterculturalCommunication; Introductory Courses; Second LanguageInstruction; *Second Languages; Self Evaluation(Individuals); Vocabulary Development

IDENTIFIERS *Africa; *Peace Corps

ABSTRACTThe course in basic French for French-speaking Africa

is intended for use by Peace Corps volunteers. It consists of listsof specific behavioral objectives for two proficiency levels and 20lessons emphasizing grammar and vocabulary for everyday situations inPeace Corps work. Lessons contain a presentation of the basicmaterial to be covered, pronunciation hints, suggested supplementaryvocabulary, and exercises. The materials are designed for use inclass and for independent study and self-evaluation. (MSE)

***********************************************************************

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

***********************************************************************

Page 2: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT

te FrancaisEssentiei Pour L'AtIqUe

FralICOPh011euvre DU stauiaire

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

ITO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOrrice of Educational Research and Improvement

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

his document has been reproduced asreceived from the person nr organizationoriginating it,

Cl Muer changes have been made to improvereproduction quality

Points°, view or opinionsstatedin thisdocu-men) do not necessarily represent officialOERI Position or Policy

Peace CorpsINFORMATION COLLECTION & EXCHANGE

REPRINT NO. R-11A

2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE

Page 3: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

INFORMATION COLLECTION & EXCHNCE

Peace Corps' Information Collection & Exchange (ICE) wasestablished so that the strategies and technologies devel-oped by Peace Corps Volunteers, their co-workers, and theircounterparts could be nede available to the wide range ofdevelopment organizations and individual workers who mightfind them useful. Training guides, curricula, lesson plans,project reports, neuivals and other Peace Corps- generatedmaterials developed in the field are collected and reviewed.Some are reprinted "as is"; others provide a source of fieldbased information for the production of manuals or for re-search in particular program areas. Materials that you sub-mit to the Information Collection & Exchange thus becomepart of the Peace Cbrps' larger contribution to development.

Information about ICE publications and services is availablethrough :

Peace Corps

Information Collection & ExchangeOffice of Training and Program Support806 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.'Washington, D.C. 20526

[

ReAdd your experience to the ICE source Center. Send ma-terials that you've prepared so that we can share thanwith others working in the development field. Your tech-nical insights serve as the basis for the generation ofICE manuals, reprints and resource packets, and alsoensure that ICE is providing the most updated, innovativeproblem-solving techniques and information available toyou and your fellow developrent workers.

Peace Corps3

Page 4: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Le Francais Essentiel

Pour L'Afrique Francophone

Livre Du Stagiaire

revise avec la permission duCorps de la Paix per

L'Experiment in International Living'sSchool for International Training

Brattleboro, Vermont 05301

Peace CorpsInformation Collection and Exchange

for Africa Region

Reprint R-11A

September 1981

January 1983

May 1984

Page 5: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

MIW

Le Francais Essentiel Pour L'Afrique Francophone is a three partlanguage course consisting of a trainees' book, a teachers' manualand a book of special supplementary lessons for the teachers.

The course has been designed to allow you a maximum amount of selfexpression, using questions and answers which you have created andwhich are based on the structures presented in each of the book's twenty

lessons. This book, the trainees' book, will be your principal studyaid throughout the course. In using it, we recommend that you read

over each lesson before it is presented in class. In this way you willbe familiar with at least some of the material before it is formally

presented. After the lesson has been introduced in class, we suggestthat you re-read the lesson and study it in detail and then do the

exercises. These three steps will do much to increase the usefulnessof the many hours you will be spending in the classroom.

The authorship of the course is a complicated affair. The first

edition involved the participation of David Bellama, Allen Brooks,Gary Engelberg, Pape Amadou Gaye, and Dan McCarthy. Much was also

owed to William Lovelace who broke ground for this kind of book withhis Le Francais Creatif Pour L'Afrique Francophone, which was in use atthe Virgin Islands Training Center from 1971 to 1974. The fundamentalthrust of this book is based largely on Bill's original work.

The second edition was revised during the Peace Corps Training

Project in January 1978. Technical assistance was provided by Mari-

lyn Hyde and Jana Glenn-Carter. Much credit is also due BoubacarDiallo, our critical reader, the coordinators, the teaching staff andstudents of the 1978 Peace Corps Project at Savannah State College inSavannah, Georgia.

Marlene TegdiMacMillinSchool for International

TrainingBrattleboro, VermontApril 14, 1978

Page 6: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES

A CHECKLIST TO HELP YOU MONITOR YOUR OWN PROGRESS IN FRENCH

When people learn a language, they learn more than just vocabulary listsand grammar rules. In a foreign country, they need to know how to puteverything together in dealing with people--gesmires to make (and notto make), what to say (and not to say), and how to say what they say inan appropriate manner. They need to have self-confidence, to know thatthey are really saying what they mean to say, and that they will beunderstood. Clarity and correctness of language are essential, ofcourse, but we believe that the key word here is behavior.

On the following pages you will find two lists of behavioral objectives--communication tasks that we think you should be able to perform. Thelists are in order of difficulty, list B being more difficult than listA.

List A is for those trainees who need to concentrate on the basics ofcommunication in French. List B is for those who are ready to go intomore depth in using French in routine social and work situations.

The lists represent concrete goals for you to work on in your languagetraining. When you've completed one of them, you will have the satis-faction of knowing that you can do quite a few things in French--thingsthat you couldn't do when you began training.

ii

Page 7: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIV& LIST A

I can perform the following communication tasks adequately in Fa_nch:

( ) 1. Greetings, social introductions, and leave takings.

( ) 2. Give and ask for basic directions.

( ) 3. Handle currency; ask for change.

( ) 4. Make purchases (food, clothing, tickets).

( ) 5. Order a simple meal.

( ) 6. Get around using public transportation.

( ) 7. Give and request simple autobiographical information, i.e.

nationality, marital status, occupation, date and place of

birth. Give height and weight in the metric system.

( ) 8. Describe my family. Request similar information from another.

( ) 9. FOR ALL TEACHER TRAINEES: Give simple classroom directions.

( )10. FOR MATH/SCIENCE TEACHER TRAINEES: Handle elementary math

problems.

Page 8: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES LIST B

I can perform the following communication tasks adequately in French:

( ) 1. Everything from List A.

( ) 2. Describe present and/or most recent job or activity in some

detail. Request similar information from another person.

( ) 3. Give detailed information about family, and hometown, and re-

quest similar information from another person.

( ) 4. Give a brief autobiography. Tell about immediate plans and

hopes. Request similar information from another person.

( ) 5. Describe the geography of the United States or of a familiar

location. Request similar information about another country

or location.

( ) 6. Describe the basic structure of the U.S. Government and the

U.S. educational system. Request similar information about

another country.

( ) 7. Describe the purpose and the function of the Peace Corps.

( ) 8. Give a brief descrition of hobbies and pastimes. Request

similar information from another person.

( ) 9. Write a short letter of administrative nature in correct French

language and form.

( )10. FOR MATH/SCIENCE TEACHER TRAINEES: Handle advanced math

problems.

( )11. FOR ALL TEACHER TRAINEES: Orally describe a student's per-

formance and write concise evaluatory remarks in correct French.

8iv

Page 9: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES LIST C

I can perform the following communication tasks in French with reasonableease and accuracy:

( ) Everything from Lists A and B.

( ) Discuss U.S. attitudes on race, foreign policy, culture, foreign aid,etc. in as much depth as I might in English.

( ) Discuss current events in as much depth as I might in English.

INDIVIDUAL OBJECTIVES

The following are objectives that you should determine for yourself. Youmight consider subjects or areas that you often talk about in English.

Determine five areas that you wish to become fluent in Two more spacesare provided for future use. Check each one off as you feel you havegained reasonable fluency in it.

( ) 1.

( ) 2.

( ) 3.

( ) 4.

( ) 5.

( ) 6.

( ) 7.

Page 10: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Map of Africa

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of African Countries

Page

1

LESSON I

Greetings to be (I, you) indefinite articlestwo types of questions in French pronuncia-

tion hints En Scene

Exercices

LESSON II

Greetings to be (he/she, they) to call oneself(s°appeler) place of origin est-ce queadjectives useful expressions pronunciationhints En Scene

2

3

9

11

Exercices 18

LESSON III 21

I don't know possessives to be from/atquestion words dtre en train de Texte --Mamadou En Scene

Exercices 27

LESSON IV 29

To go means of transportation telling timenumbers Texte -- Niassa En Scene

Exercices 36

LESSON V 39

To be going to give me/him there is/areat my place Texte -- Ma Case En Scene

Exercices 45

vii1 0

Page 11: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Page

LESSON VI49

This(it) is not, these(they) are not possessivesdefinite and indefinite articles idiomatic

expressions avec avoir Texte -- Le VillageEn Scene

Exercices

LESSON VII

How do you sar definite articles reviewetre, avoir, aller review.....demonstrative pronouns

comparisons family terms age.....Texte --Ma Famille En Scene

Exercices

LESSON VIII

Numbers 24-hour time system Air Afrique sche-dule for practice with comparisons interrogationwords -er verbs to do/make irregular com-paratives or s'iperlatives list of -er verbs

Exercices

LESSON IX

Directions command form prepositions from(de),tom to have just parts of the bodyEn Scene

59'

63

77

81

93

Exercices 102

LESSON X107

Ir Verbs -re verbs direct object pronouns....adverbs Texte Une Journee Au BureauEn Scene list of useful verbs

Exercices 114

LESSON XI 117

Reflexive verbs numbers.";,Texte En Scene..

ExercicesI I 124

viii

Page 12: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LESSON XII

Texte -- A Postcard from Jean time expressions.....possessive adjectives...,.:mterrogative pro-nouns the calendar since the weather.....En Scene

Exercices

LESSON XIII

Nest -ce pas to know: connattre/savoirto believe ordinal numbers place of adjec-tives idiomatic expressions Texte -- A LaRtviere En Scene

Exercices

LESSON XIV

Page

127

Passe compose with avoir already nevernot yet indirect object pronouns Texte --

Mangan

Exercices

LESSON XV

Passe compose with etre before (avant de + in-fiLtive) after (apres + past infinitive)Texte -- Idrissa En Scene Cowboy Joe TheGhost

Exercices

LESSON XVI

The imperfect idiomatic expressions with avoir.....faire in the imperfect Texte -- Les Bou-tiques de Notre Village En Scene

137

151

153

158

161

170

173

Exercices 178

ix

I 2

Page 13: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LESSON XVII

Summary of imperfect conjugation different usesof passé compose and imperfect to be able toto have to...to want Texte -- Les Fetes del'Ind6pendance En Scene

Exercices

LESSON XVIII

Partitives (du vin, de l'eau) de after negativeverbs expressions of quantity using de - enTexte - Mon Oncle Badou En Scene

Exercices

LESSON XIX

On - to - x mid en pronouns review charts of thepronouns it y a + imperfect geography...future tense Texte -- Retour A l'EcoleEn Scene

Exercices

Page

181

190

193

201

205

217

LESSON XX 221

The conditional tense an introduction to the sub-junctive tense Texte -- Si JI6tais richeEn Scene

Exercices 221

TABLEAUX RECAPITULATIFS 229

x

13

Page 14: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

.C.Fevercio Isof-** Senegal

Canaryp

fir'

LE CONTINENT AFRICAIN

GuineaElam

Sierra Leone

LiberiaC40

EQuitOreal Guinea

Sao Tom* ...... INDIANEPtinc1r4OCEAN

Seychelles ...'

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Comoro Is

AFRICA

1

, 1 4

Mauritius0

Fltunicil

Page 15: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LES ETATS AFRICAINS ET LEUR CAPITALE

L'AlgerieL'AngolaLe BeninLe BotswanaLe BurundiLe CamerounLe CongoLa Cate d'IvoireL'EgypteL'Empire CentrafricainL'EthiopieLe GabonLa GambieLe GhanaLa GuineeLa Guinee- BissauLa Guinee EquatorialeLa Haute-VoltaLe KeniaLe LesothoLe LiberiaLa LybieMadagascarLe MalawiLe MaliLe MarocLa MauritanieLe MozambiqueLa NamibieLe NigerLe NigeriaLe Rio MuniLe RwandaLe SenegalLe Sierra LeoneLa SomalieLe SoudanLe SwazilandLa TanzanieLe TchadLe TogoLa TunisieW. UgandaLe ZaireLa ZambieZimbabwe (Rhodesie)Djibouti

2 15

AlgerLuandaPorto-NovoGaberonesUsumburaYaoundeBrazzavilleAbidjanLe CaireBanguiAddis-AbebaLibrevilleBanjulAccraConakryBissauSanta IsabelOuagadougouNairobiMaseneMonroviaTripoliTananariveZombaBamakoRabatNouakchottLourenco MarquesWindhockNiameyLagosBataKigaliDakarFreetownMogadishuKhartoumMbabaneDar-es-SalamN'DjamenaLomeTunisKampalaKinshasaLusakaSalisburyDjibouti

Page 16: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON I

Page

Greetings 4

To be: etre 4

Indefinite article 5

Questions 6

Pronunciation hints 6

En scene 8

Exercises 9

?6

Page 17: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON I

GREETINGS

Greetings are an important partof any language. Here are someexamples of greetings and otherswill be learned later.

used until noonused after dark

from noon on

In French, a titlewith the greeting.

and sometimes

word is used

Good morning, MadameGood morning, MissGood night, Sir

Here is a typical exchange ofgreeting:

Bonjour.

Bonsoir.

Bonjour, Madame.Bonjour, Mademoiselle.Bonsoir, Monsieur.

Good morning, Sir Bonjour, Monsieur.Good morning, Madame Bon3our, Madame.How are you? Comment allez-vous?Very well, thank you, and you? . Tres bien merci et vous?Rather well, thank you Assez bien, merci.

Vous is usually used in themajority of situations--andespecially when you are new toa place or language.

a) with anyone you do not knowvery well

b) with anyone you wish toshow respect for: olderpeople, superiors, peoplein respected positions,people you are on fairlyformal terms with

c) when you are addressingmore than one person

TO BE: ETRE

In French, all verbs are conju-gated- -i;e;, they will changeform according to whether thesubject is "I", "you", "he", etc;

4

Comment allez-vous,Monsieur le Directeur?

Tom et Jerry, vous gtesamdricains?

1 7

Page 18: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

I

The first very presented in thislesson is a good example:changing it to vous requires achange from suis to etes.

I am an AmericanYou are a bachelor

Note: celibataire is for both men

To make a sentence negative, putne before the very and as rightUter the verb. Before a vowel,the ne becomes n'.

Note: n'etes is pronouncedas one word.

L'ARTICLE INDEFINI

Je suis americain.Vous etes c6libataire.

and women.

What is it?

It's a bookIt's a cupThey're pens

Your answer usually starts with:

It is a . . . (masculine noun)It is a . . . (feminine noun)They are. . . (plural nouns)

Je suis stagiare.Je ne sun' pas stagiare.Je ne suis pas professeur.Vous etes americain.Vous n' etes pas americain.Vous n' etes pas technicien.

Qu'est-ce que c'est?

C'est un livre.Crest une tasse.Ce sont des stylos.

C'est unC est une . . .

Ce sont des . . .

The indefinite article indicates a person or object which isdistinct from all others of its type but whose identity orindividuality is not determined. The most commonly used formsare given in the following examples:

Paul watches a movieHe speaks to a FrenchmanMary is buying a dressHere are some traineesThey are books

Des generally has one of two meanings"

a) it simply denotes the pluralform of un and une -

books

5

Paul regarde un film.parle A un franjais.

Marie achete une robe.Voila des stagiaires.Ce sont des ivres.

des livres

Page 19: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

I

b) it may mean some -

some books des livres

Give me some pencils Donnez-moi des crayons.

Note the linking:un anglais un hotel

des anglais des hatels

All French nouns are either masculine (un) or feminine (une);check them with a dictionary.

To form the plural of most nouns, add an s to the singularform. This s is a sign of the plural in writing only; it isnot pronounced in French.

une, maison -- des maisons une rue -- des ruesa house houses a street streets

QUESTIONS

There are several ways of askinga question in French:

a) one way is to simply raiseone's voice at the end ofthe sentence intonation

Vous etes mdcan5cien?

b) a second way is by revers-ing the order of the subjectpronoun and the verb Etes-vous mecanicien?

PRONUNCIATION

There are several good hints which can be given to help astudent of French perfect his pronunciation, and these willbe pointed out when applicable. However, the best way tolearn how to pronounce French words will come from workingwith French speakers, whether it be in or out of class.They are your best source.

One problem with French (as with English) is that the lan-guage is not necessarily pronounced as it is written, and,until you get used to the meaning of certain French lettersand combinations, it will be difficult to know how to saya word from just seeing it written. Learn what to expectfrom French letters.

196

Page 20: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

I

For example, in the word Bonjour, the following particularscan be noticed:

the French on -

E

In most French words, when you see a vowelfollowed by n and another consonant (onj),it will represent a nasal sound, i.e.,there is no n sound air comes outfreely, half' the nose and halfthrough the mouth, until the next syllable.

the French ou - The ou combination is also different fromEnglish. The ou in French is always pro-nounced like the "u" sound of the Englishword "Luke".

L'ALPHABET INTERNATIONAL - SYMBOLES PHONETIQUES

In most dictionaries you will find the pronunciation of wordswritten in a special way. These symbols are used to repro-duce sounds. Here is a list of the symbols and the key wordsfor the pronunciation.

Voyelles

IQ sixTA et, les metrique

tc] metre, aide

c3 le, je, de, ce

LA radioEnj pas, tache

j)] botte, port

CA tat, eau

EA ,double

[I] tu, sur, multiplier

fr] bleu, peut, deux

[le] soeur, oeuf, peuvent,neuf

Voyelles Nasales§

LJ un, brun, parfum

m on, pont, addition,sga-

VI an, en, cen, trente,soixante, tt54

cinq, main, vine,quinze

Semi-Voyelles

I) Z fille, famille,travaille, vaillant

EJA moi, trois, soixante

E-4 I huit, lui

Note: The letters on this page that have been barred (/)

are not pronounced (e.g., vine).

The Spanish tilde (m,-.) above the symbol of a vowel showsthat it is a nasal sound.

200

Page 21: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

I

SYMBOLES PHONETIQUES (suite)

Consonnes

Fs

I

partroiscar, kiloboisdeux

9 garef Lois, photo

sol, observe, ce5 chose [4)

v, voisz zero, six ans, maison.z- je, courageJr le, egaleR trois, rouge

mrlle1 nonlane, sine, pane

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue in which one person plays the part of atrainee while the other plays a teacher here at the center.The two characters must use formal greetings (they aremeeting for the first time) and find out information abouteach other, e.g., profession, marital status, etc. Theinformation about the teacher must be based on real life.

galoataqaLlealmtritars...22ggalAXIJ

really Ah bon

but mais

good luck bonne chance

enchanted, delighted, enchantepleased to meet you

good-bye au revoir

(the) chief (le) chef du village

(the) forester (le) forestier

(the) nurse (1') infirmier

pilgrim ."el Hadj"

well digger (le) puisatier

8 21

Page 22: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

1. Translate:

I am a teacher.

You are a trainee.

I'm a bachelor.

EXERCISES (EXERCICES)

I am a forestman.

You are a bachelor.

I am not a doctor.

I am a carpenter.

You are not a teacher.

You are a ell digger.

You're an optimist.

Are you tired?

I am sad.

I am not satisfied.

You are very impatient.

You are not anxious.

What English word in the above sentences is never trans-lated into erench?

2. Answer these questions using the negative and then theaffirmative.

Ex: Vous ates marie? Non, je ne suis pas marie, jesuis celibataire.

Etes-vous. malade?

Vous ates pessimiste?

Vous etes coordinateur?

Etes-vous africain?

9

.22continued

Page 23: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

2. (suite)

Vous etes Mme. Brooks?

3. Find the meaning of these words and make a sentence witheach:

riche pauvre

triste jeune

fatigue sympathique

4. Transform the following sentences:

Ex: Je suis professeur Vous ates professeur.

Je suis africain

Je ne suis pas mane

Je suis intelligent

Je ne suis pas frangais

Je suis pauvre

5. Write the gender of the following nouns with the help of aa dictionnary. Put un in front of a masculine word andune in front of a feminine word.

Ex: arbre un arbre

case concession chef

chavre femme route

homme village natte

baobab lit garcon

6. Mettez au pluriel (put in the plural)

une maison

un avion

uno mission

10

une salle

un taxi

un champ

23

Page 24: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON II

Page

Greetings 12

12To Be - Etre

Est-ce Que 13

Adjectives 13

Useful Expressions 14

Pronunciation Hints 15

En Scene 17

Exercices 18

11

24

Page 25: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON II

GREETINGS

There are two other greetingswhich are less formal:

How are things?Fi

These expressions would rarely beused upon first meeting someone,but could be used after that.They are especially common amongfriends of the same age.

Ca va?Salut.

P: Ca va, Tom?S: Oui, ga va. (ou)

Non, ga ne va pas.P: Salut.S: Salut.

MY NAME IS

Literally, the French say,"How do you call yourself?" Comment vous appelez-

vous?

The answer to this questionbegins with Je mlappelle.The apostrophe is used to re-place the letter e in me, as in . . .Vous n'gtes pas americain.

Here are the forms of this verbpresented in the lesson:

My name isYour name isHis name isHer name is

Je m'appelleVous vous appelez

E le s appe e

TO BE = ERE

The very "to be" is conjugatedus follows:

1st person

2nd person (addressedto one or more)

3rd person (person,place, thing)

(masculine)(feminine)

Negative

Je Buis. Je ne Buis pas.

Vous ;gtes. Vous n'ates pas.

Ii est.Elle est.

1225

n'est pas.Elle nest pas.

Page 26: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

II

In Lesson I, there was thefollowing sentence structure:

noun(pronoun) + verb(etre'+ adjective .Je suis fatigu6.

Another sentence structure is:

noun(pronoun) + verb(dtre)+ de + name of city Elle est de Chicago.

Je suis d'Atlanta.The word de is very common inFrench, and means "from" (asin the above example) or "of".

EST -CE QUE

In Lesson I, you learned two waysof asking a question. Vous etes de Dakar?

Etes-vous de Dakar?

The third and simplest way is byadding the phrase est-ce queat the beginning of the sentence.Est-ce que does not really havea translation in Englishf it issimply added to a sentence toshow that one is asking a question.

Note also that with est-ce quethe word order does not change:

Est-ce que + subject + verb?

Est-ce que vous 6-tea de Dakar?Est-ce que voua etes africain?Est-ce qu'il est de New York?

Note that the apostrophe replacesthe 'e' in front of a vowel(elision):

Est-ce que + it Est-ce qu'il est amusant?Est-ce que + elle Est-ce qu'elle est amusante?

ADJECTIVES

In French, every noun is either masculine or feminine, andmany adjectives have both masculine and feminine forms.

The general rule for forming the written feminine adjectiveis add e to the masculine form given by the dictionary.

13

26

Page 27: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

II

MASCULINE FEMININE

Il est prftent. Elle est presente.

II est jrand. Elle est grande.

The addition of a final e will often change the pronunciationof a word.

Note that most written final consonants are not pronounced inFrench. The addition of a final e, however, means that theconsonants are no longer final and thus they will be pronounced.

MASCULINE FEMININE

pr6sent presente

[prtzt.2 Eirrez.V.]

grand grande

Etrt3 rsvitc13amfticain americaine

LvAt\-: VA*2 ttZ rijfrancais francaise

iccrii; se:3 CF1-1.sez..]USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

There is a group of expressions which exist in all languages.These expressions are used in specific situations. Theyinclude:

Excuse me Excusez-moi. Pardon.Please S'il vous plait. (S.V.P.)You're welcome (or)

Don't mention it Je vous en prie.I'm sorry (or)What did you say? Pardon?

What? Comment?I'm very pleased to meetyou Je suis tree heureux de

faire votre connaissance.(Enchante.),

Oh really? Ah bon. Vraiment?Goodbye Au revoir.See you soon KTEEEENE.See you later' A plus tard.See you in a while A tout a l'heure.

Check the pronunciation of these expressions with a Frenchspeaker. Do not translate them literally.

27

Page 28: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

In the French writingcombinations it wouldpronunciation.

WRITTEN ACCENTS

II

PRONUNCIATION HINTS

system, therebe helpful to

are certain letters andrecognize for their

Three accents are placed on vowels when writing French.

1. The acute accent (6) is used only er the vowel "e"and gives that vowel the English . and "a" as in ABC.

present reel

2. The grave accent ('s) is used over "e", "a" and "u".When used over "e" it gives the latter a pronunciationsimilar to the English met.

min pare célèbre

This accent is used over "a" and "u" to distinguishwords with the same spellings but different meanings.

la (the)la (there)

ou (or) a (has)ou (where) a (at, in, to)

3. The circumflex accent is used over all vowels.It often shows the loss of a letter.

l'heitel (the "s" is no longer there); le diner

4. The cedilla is placed under the letter "c" to give itthe sound of "s" (like the English s in some) before"a", "o", and "u".

francais le garcon

recu (received) ca va

VOWELS

"a" is pronounced like the English "a" in "father":grand quand

"au" is pronounced like the English "o" in "so":aujourd'hui au chaud eauchameau bateau

"u" - get a French speaker to pronounce the French u foryou. It is somewhat similar to the German "u"sound, but there is no equivalent in English.

ips

Page 29: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

II

CONSONANTS

"qu" is pronounced like the English "k":

ami gue quand

Certain final consonants in French are silent.For example:

"d" grand (Keep your mouth open to letthe air flow out freely.)

s yowl; tem0d

"t" ils sont; e.

z" ailed

LIAISON

One peculiarity of French pronunciation is a thing called"liaison" !..etween certain words. For example, when a wordends in a consonant (such as d, s, t, or z), usually thisconsonant is not pronounced. But when the next word beginswith a vowel, this silent consonant will be carried overand pronounced as if it were the first letter of the secondword. You have already encountered several examples ofthis in Lessons I and II.

vous etes

it est amfticain

Note this one exception: There is no liaison with et (and).

Mon frere e une amie.

2 9

Page 30: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

II

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue in which:

One person plays a trainee and the other plays someone witha famous last name (Rockefeller, for example). The twocharacters greet each other, find out each other's name,and find out each other's nationality, hometown, and pro- .

fession. There is confusion because of the famous lastname. The trainee with the famous name explains the differ-ences in nationality, place of origin, etc;, between himselfand the "celebrity". Appropriate leave taking should beincluded along with excuses for having to leave.

Suggested supplementary voqabglarv:

"Excuse me" Excusez-moi.

"Please" S'il vous plait.

"I'm in a hurry" Je suis presse.

"I am sorry" Je suis dfisole.

"It is late" Il est tard.

"I beg of you", "You'rewelcome", "Don't mention it". . Je vous en prie.

"How is it going?" Alors, ca va? ca marche?

the taylor le tailleur

the policeman (state police) . le gendarme

the farmer OOOOO le cultivateur

the gatdener le jardinier

the midwife la safe -femme

Page 31: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

II

EXERCICES

1. Translate. (Traduisez.)

The director is young.

The stagiaire isn't rich.

Mrs. Smith is sick.

I'm not married.

He is tired.

Rosemary isn't a coordinator.

2. Answer these questions with yes or no answers.(Repondez aux questions par oui ou non.)

Jeff est americain?

Est-ce que Beth est de Chicago?

Debbie est celibataire?

Est-ce que je suis riche?

Est-ce que Edward Kennedy est sdnateur?

Etes-vous infirmier?

Cicely Tyson est frangaise?

Vous etes de Dakar?

3. What does "de" mean in the sentence, Je suis de Boston?

What does Hdr" mean in the sentence, Je suis d'Abidjan?

When do you have "de" and when do you have "d1"?

18

31

Page 32: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

II

4. Ask questions to go with these answers. Use any of thethree ways. (Posez des questions pour obtenir cesreponses.)

Oui, elle s'appelle Ann.

Non, je ne suis pas bilingue.

Tres bien, merci, et vous?

Non, vous n'ates pas americain.

Oui, it est professeur.

Oui, je suis content.

5. Introduce these people. (PrAsentez ces personnes.)

.Ex. 11 s'appelle Marc. Marie.

Vous.. .Moussa . .Thiam

19

32

Page 33: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON III

Pfas

I Don't Know22

Possessive Adjectives (my, yours)22

To Be From/At23

Question Words24

Texte Mamadou25

En Scene26

Exercices27

3321

Page 34: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON III

I DON'T KNOW/I DON'T UNDERSTAND

These expressions will no doubtbe useful for quite a while.

I don't know Je ne sail pas.

I don't understand Je ne comprends Pas.

A5k a French speaker how topronounce them.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

Several possessive adjectiveswill be introduced in this lesson.

mon (my)

mon poremon frere

ma (my)

ma merema soeur

votre (your)

vgLEe PPO.votre mere

Note that the word "my" has different forms in Frenchaccording to the gender:

mon with masculine nounsma with feminine nouns

mon livrema montre

When the noun begins with a vowel, regardless of genderuse mon and a liaison:

my friend (f)my friend (m)my orange (f)

mon amie (f)mon ami (m)

221122ann (f)

Votre, however, has the same form, whether the: accompanyingnoun is masculine or feminine.

votre amie (f)votre ami (m)

DE, A, EN

Three prepositions deserveattention- de, a, enPrepositions are usually followedby nouns or pronouns, and a single.French preposition can haveseveral English translations.

2234

Page 35: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

III

For example:"to class" or "in class" is

(depending on the verb) en classe"in town" en ville"in training" en stage"in the country"

(only Africa) en brousse"on vacation"

To say "in", "to" or "at",a is used with names of almostall cities and islands. Thesize of the city makes nodifference

En is used with certain countrynames and most continent names . . .en France

en Guindeen Cote d'Ivoireen Afriqueen Amerique

en vacances

a New YorkA KinshasaA ParisA Puerto..Rico

Note that a and en can sometimeshave the same meaning (usually"in", "to" or "at"). However,de is very different: de usuallymeans "from" or "of".

I am in Dakar Je suis a Dakar.I am in Africa Je suis en Afrique.I am from Cleveland Je suis de Cleveland.I am FESE Albany Je suis d'Albanv.

There are basically three ways to express nationalities inFrench. You add one of the following endings to the words:

-ai n-aine

-ais-aise

Example:. Elle est amdricaine.,Il est sen6galais.Je suis malien.

-en-enne

Some nationalities don't change, such as voltalque.

Other examples:

am6ricainafricaine

congolaistogolaise

23.

:15

guindendahom6enneivoriennigerienne

Page 36: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

III

ETRE: ILS/ELLES

An additional form of the verb"to be" is the 3rd person plural

"they (masculine) are"

"they (feminine) are"

Note that ils is used when re-ferring to two or more peopleof mixed gender.

ils sont

elles sont

Tom et Susan sont enAfrique.

Its sont en Afrique.

We are in the classroom Nous sommes an classe.

Le Verbe "Etre" (recapitulation)

je suisvous atesit /elle est

nous sommesils/elles sont

QUESTION WORDS

Several "question words" arepresented in this lesson:

where? Oil?

why? Pourquoi?

how? Comment?

from where? D'oil?

Note that there are several different ways of asking questionswhen using these words:

P) question words - reversalof word order Oil. atect-vmma

Comment eappelle-t-il?the "t" is added for pro- Pourquoi est-il A Dakar?nunciation reasons. This O5 va-t-il?is common practice whenthe it or elle form ofthe verb in a, questionends in a vowel sound.

Page 37: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

III

b) question word - est-ce que+ normal word order Oil est-ce que vous Attag?

Pourquoi est-ce qu'ilest A Dakar?

Comment est-ce qu'il---grapperle?Oil est-ce qu'il va?

Both forms are correct.

The word pour + the infinitive form of the verb is oftenused to answer pourquoi questions.

Pour uoi.ftes-is a Dakar?Je suis a Dakar pour a rendre le fran ais.

ETRE EN TRAIN DE

to be in the process of etre en train de

Note that the verb after theexpression en train de isalways in the infinitive Je suis en train de

travailler.Ils sont en train de

travailler.

TEXTS,

Je m'appelle Mamadou. / Mamadou N'Diaye. / Mamadou est mon

prenom. / N'Diaye est mor, nom de famille. / Mon pare est

cultivateur. / I1 s'appelle Ibrahima N'Diaye. / Mon Ore

et ma mere / sont en brousse. / Ils sont en train de

travailler. / Je suis en ville / a l'ecole. /

Je Mamadou, / Mamadou N'Diaye. / Mamadou est

mon / N'Diaye est mon . /

est cultivateur. / s'appelle

Ibrahima N'Diaye./ Mon pare et / sont en brousse.

Ils sont

a l'ecole.

travailler. / Je suis

2 54

_/

Page 38: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

III

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between two friends with the followingexchanges:

Proper familiar greetings; a discussion about whereeach is presently going; a discussion about two otherpeople not present in the dialogue (friends or relatives)telling:

their names

where they are from

where they are now

why they are there

what they are doing there

where they are going afterwards

and how they are going

++++++++++++++++++

For your own initiative, find a picture of people everyoneknows or a picture of somebody unknown and introduce him/her to the class giving simple information with what know-ledge of French you have acquired up to now.

Suggested

my grandfathermy grandmotheroldoldexhaudtedill; sickto dreamto yawnon the wayout of order"They're on vacation.""Who knows?"

work(in order) to visit

.etc.

Supplementary Vocabulary

mon grand-parema grand -mrevieux (m)vieille (f)epuisemalac[eF47.re7-

bailieren routeen panneIts sont en vacances.Qui sait?

travaillerpour visiter

etc.

26 .14

Page 39: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

III

EXERCICES

1. Transform: (Transformez la phrase avec le pronom.)

Example: Bill et Allen sont coordinateurs.Its sont coordinateurs.

Le president et le directeur sont en ville.

La secretaire et Connie sont malades.

L°infirmiare et la secretaire sont mariees.

Bass et Sissokho sont de Dakar.

Albert et Rose sont de Cotonou.

Mes parents sont en vacances.

2. Answer: (Repondez aux questions.)

Example: Paul est grand. Fr-, Betty?Elle ect grande aussi.

Richard est americain. Et Susie?

L'exercice est difficile. Et la question?

L'appartement est grand. Et lluniversite?

Albert est africain. Et Fatima?

Paul et Pierre sont petits. Et Awa?

27

:49

Page 40: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

III

Terry est c6libataire. Et Candy?

3. Answer the questions. (116pondez aux questions.)

Example: oa etes-vous? (ville) Je suis en ville.

oa etes-vous? (brousse)

oa est-il? (stage)

oa sommes.nous? (Douala)

oa est-elle? (Afrique)

oa gites-votis? (classe)

Od sont Lyn et Ann? ,!vacances)

4. Translate: (Traduisez.)

They are reading.

He is studying French.

I am watching a movie.

She is eating.

My father is working.

Bob and Sue are playing.

5. Say what they are doing. (Dites ce qu'ils font.)

:----.

..

- -

.

-.:

411A1'

.

.

..,

..------`,\

\-\..\\.\\\,,\,sX\-.\\\, \:\

a

1.-,

28 40

Page 41: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON IV

Page

To Go Aller 30

Means of Transportation 30

Telling Time 31

Texte Niassa 34

En Scene 34

Exercices 36

4129

Page 42: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON IV

ALLER: TO GO

A new verb, aller, ("to go"), ispresented in this lesson. Hereis its conjugation:

1st person I go, I'm going2nd person you go, you're going. .

3rd person he goes, he's going. .

she goes, she's going.

Magarje vais. vous allez

. it va

. elle va

Plural

1st person we go, we're going. . . .nous allons3rd person they (masculine) go,

they're going ils vontthey (feminine) go,they're going elles vont

For example:

You're going to AfricaI'm going to DoualaWe're going to the bushThey're not going on vacation. . .

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION

Here are some of the idiomaticexpressions dealt with in the lesson:

Vous allez en Afrique.Je vais A Douala.Nous allons en brousse..Ils ne vont as en

vacances.

by car en voitureby plane en avionby boat par bateauby train en trainon foot a pledby bicycle a vetoby pirogue (canoe) en pirogueby camel A chameauby taxi en taxi

Check the pronunciation. They arenot always pronounced as spelled.

How are you going to town?I'm going to town on footHow is he going to town?He's going to town by bicycle. . .

How are we going to the U.S.? . .

We're going to the U.S. by plane. .

Comment allez-vous en ville?Je vais en ville A pied.Comment va-t-il en ville?. 11 va en ville A velo.Comment allons-nous aux U.S.A?Nous allons aux U.S.A. en

avion.

33 42

Page 43: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IV

THE FRENCH NUMBERS FROM l-34 ARE:

1 - un 11 - onze2 - deux 12 - douze3 - trois 13 - treize4 - quatre 14 - quatorze5 - cinq 15 - quinze6 - six 16 - seize7 - sept 17 - dix-sept8 - huit 18 - dix huit9 - neuf 19 - dix-neuf

10 dix 20 - vingt

Check the pronunciation.

TELLING TIME IN FRENCH

The question one generally asks inFrench to find out the time is:

(literally: "Which hour is it")

The answer is expressed by thephrase

21 - vingt et un22 - vingt-deux23 - vingt-trois24 - vingt-quatre25 - vingt -cinq26 - vingt-six27 - vingt-sept28 - vingt-huit29 - vingt-neuf30 - trente

. Quelle heure est-il?

For example: It is one o'clock . .

It is two o'clock . .

It is three o'clock.

Note that the word heure changesto its plural form (by adding "s")to agree in number with thestated time.

Note also the following phrases:

Il est

. Il est

. Il est.I1 est

heure(s).

une heure.deux heures.trois heures, etc.

It is noon Il est midi.It is quarter past two Il est deux heures et

allIELIt is half past two Il est deux heures et

demie.

To ask a person what time he willperform a certain action, youwould say:

At what time are you going to A quelle heure allez-town? vous en ville?

The answer might be:

I'm going to town at quarter Je vais en ville A cinqpast five heures et quart.

31

43

Page 44: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IV

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS OF TIME

late tard . . . en retardon time FITheureI'm late' Je suis en retard:He's on time Il est A l'heure.early tat . . . en avanceHe's early Il est en avance.It's early 11---esrtr5c.---It's late Il est tard.

TELLING TIME IN FRENCH (continued)

As in English, the French day can be divided into various parts:morning, afternoon and evening. When you are talking abouttime, these divisions may be useful.

"It's 8 o'clock in the morning." . . .11 est huit heures du matin.

"It's 3 o'clock in the afternoon. . . Il est trois heures deliapres-midi.

"It's 8 o'clock in the el/mina. . . I1 est huit heures du soir.

Quelle heure est-il?

Il est six hcires cinq. (6:05)

Il est six heures dix. (6:10)

Il est six heures quiaRe. or Il est six heures et quart. (6:15)

Il est six heures vingt. (6:20)

Il est six heures vingt-cinq. (6:25)

Il est six heures trente. or Il est six heures et demie. (6:30)

32 44

Page 45: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

334 5

Page 46: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IV

The word moans Elver) means "less" or "minus", and is used inFrench to express such times as "a quarter to seven" or "fiveto seven".

Il est sept heures mains cing. (5 to 7)

Il est sept heures moans dix. (10 to 7)

Il est sept heures moans quinze. or Il est sept heures momsle quart.

(a quarter to seven)

TEXTE

Aujourd'hui / je suis content. / A onze heures je vais en

ville / ?our parler avec mon amie. / Elle s'appelle Niassa /

et elle est de Fandou. / Elle est petite et amusante. / Niassa

est en train de vendre des fruits au march6. / Elle n'est pas

riche. /

Aujourd'hui / je suit . / je vais

en ville / pour parler avec . / Elle

Niassa / et elle est de Fandou. / Elle est et

amusante. /Niassa est en train de des fruits

. / Elle n'est pas riche. /

EN SCENE

Find out when the greetings bonjour, bonsoir, bonne nuit areused and until what time.

Find out about a typical narket in town. What can you buy there?Where would you have to go to find the other things?

4634

Page 47: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IV

Prepare a dialogue between two friends with the followingexchanges:

Proper familiar greetings; a discussion about where each ispresently going; a discussion about two other people not pre-sent in the dialogue (friends or relatives) telling:

their nameswhere they are fromwhere they are nowwhy they are therewhat they are doing therewhere they are going afterwardsand how they are going

SUGGESTED SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY

They're on vacationwho knows?

work(in order) to visit

etc.to studyto learnheretodaynowbeforeaftergood luckI would like + infinitiveI would like to work in the

bush

3547

Its sont en vacances.qui salt?

travaillerpour visitor

etc.etudierapprendreiciaulourd'huimaintenantavantapresbonne chanceJe voudrais + infinitif

Je voudrais travailleren brousse.

Page 48: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IV

EXERCICES1. Translate. (Traduilz.)

I am going to Africa.

They are in Boston.

I am from Yaounde.

The President is in Savannah, Georgia.

We are going to Washington.

The trainees are on vacation.

She is not going to Abidjan.

2. Transform. (Transformez la phrase avec les pronoms.)

Example: Bill et Allen sont coordinateurs.Its sont coordinateurs.

Le president va l'etranger.

La secretaire est ordonnoe.

Alec et Richard vont en Cate d'Ivoire.

Monsieur et Madame Salembere vont en ville.

Mes parents sont vieux.

,1111111.

Les enfants sont en classe.

L'infirmiere est mariee.

3. Fill in the blanks using etre and aller.(Remplissez les trous avec etre et eller.)

Je

Ils ne

Bob

de Chicago mais je a Ouagadougou.

pas en stage, ils en brousse.

a Dakar, it a Kaolack.

36 48

Page 49: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Vousen classe.

Nousen Amerique.

IV

stagiaire, mais vous n'

de Ndjamena et nous

pas

en vacancee

4. Write a description of yourself in French stating thefollowing: (Ecrivez votre autobiographie.)

your nameyour nationalitywhere you are nowwhat foryour father's nameyour mother's namewhere they are now

5. Say what(Dites

A quelle

time you are doing these things.quelle heure vous faites ces choses.)

heure ates-vous en train de dormir?

A quelle heure otes-vous en recreation?

A quelle heure Stes-vous en train de preparer votre devoirs?

A quell' heure ftes-vous dans la salle de bain le matin?

A quelle heure sommes-nous en train de manger a la cafeteria?

A quelle heure est-il au lit?

A quelle heure allons-nous en classe?

4937

Page 50: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON V

Page

Futur Proche 40

Donnez-moi 40

There is/There are 41

At My Place 41

Texts La Case 42

En Scene 42

45

-

Exercices

3950

Page 51: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON V

FUTUR PROCHE

For expressing the future, French has a very easy form which isused quite often in ordinary conversation.

pimply use the verb aller before an infinitive.

Je vais parler avec le directeur demain.I'm going to (or I will) speak with the director tomorrow.

Ce soir, nous allons visiter le musee national.

This evening, we are going to visit the National Museum.

Qu'est-ce que vous allez faire en brousse?What are you going to do in the bush?

Nous n'allons vas avoir de vacances cette armee.We won't have any vacation this year.

Its ne vont as travailler la semaine rochaine.

They aren't going to work next week.

Je vais me reposer avant de sortir ce soir.I'm going to rest up before going out this evening.

DONNEZ-MOI

Give me Donnez-moiGive him, Give her Donnez-lui

Give me a red pencil Donnez-moiGive him four yellow pencils. Donnez-lui

jaunes.Give her four blue pencils Donnez- ult

bleus, s'il vous plait.Here are four blue pencils Voici quatre crayons bleus.

un crayon rouge.quatre crayons

quatre crayons

Here is . . or . . Here are . . .

There is . .or . . There are. .

Here's a red pencilThere are four yellow pencils. . .

Voici . CifWas; 3Voila . (Ajwa.1 I.. 71

Voici un crayon rouge.'Voila quatre crayons

jaunes.

Note that in French most adjectives (i.e. colors, words ofdescription, etc.) are placed after the word they describe.

A red pencil Un crayon rougeA black pen

lnaty192121EA new bag Un sac neuf

4 ° 5 1

Page 52: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

V

IL Y A

A very common expression in French is a. It means "thereis" or "there are". Note that it is a set expression andalways singular, no matter how many objects you are talkingabout.

There's a pen on the table

There are five pens on thetable I1 y a cinq stylos sur

la table.on sur

y a un stylo sur latable.

The negative form of it y a is it n'y a pas. Generally, theas is used with de.

n'y a pas de stagiaires dans la classe.

There aren't any trainees in the classroom.

n'y a as de chien dans la classe.

There isn't a dog in the classroom.

n'y a pas d'allumettes dans la bott.e.

There aren't any matches in the box.

COMBIEN DE + NOUN

"How much" or "how many" is translated by combien de + noun.

y a combien de stagiaires dans la classe?

How many trainees are there in the classroom?

y a combien de livres sur la table? ORCombien de livres est-ce qu'il y a sur la table?

How many books are there on the table?

CHEZ + PRONOUN

In class you described rooms and

At my house there are threebathrooms

At your house there is a biggarage

things you have at home.

41

Chez moi it y a troissalles de bain.

Chez vous it y a ungrand garage.

52

Page 53: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

V

At his house there are two dogs. .

At her house there is a catAt our house there is no

television

.Chez lui y a deuxchiens.

Chitigrie it y a un chat.

Chez nous it n'y a pasde t616vision.

"TEXTE

Au Village / La. Case

VailA ma case. / Les murs sont en terre / et le toit est

en paille. / Ii n'y a pas / beaucoup de meubles / dans la maison:

/ demi lits, / une table, / des chaises, / et une petite armoire.

/ Mon pere va construire une autre case bientot. /

ma case. / Les murs sont / et le

est en paille. / / beaucoup de meubles / dans la

maison: deux / une table, / des / et une

petite armoire. / Mon pere va construire une case

EN SCENE

Assignment (Monologue)

In class you will be asked to write out a description of a roomin your house, your parents' house, or your appartment in America.In your description, give details on the objects in the room,telling how they look, how big they are, etc.

Be prepared to present your description the next day in frontof the class and accompany it with a diagram of the room on theboard.

42

Page 54: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …
Page 55: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

V

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

the bathroom la sr,ille de bainWhere are the toilets, please?. Obi les toilettez,17171voW

le ventilateurrariTz;Irre----le bureaule batimentle liteebbalaiTgESEEre

fan (blower)garbage canwriting-deskbuildingbedbroomfence

+ + + + + + + + + + +

Find out where in the concession various daily activitiesare carried out. Where do people sleep, bathe, eat, relaxwork

44 5 5

Page 56: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

EXERCICES

1. Transform. (Transformez les phrases.)No verb is required with voici or voila.

Example:

Montre z -moi

Montrez-moi un livre de frangais.Voila mon livre de frangais.

un stylo rouge!

Montrez-moi une old!

Montrez-moi une chaise et une table:

Montrez-moi un pare et une mare!

Montrez-moi une tasse!

Montrez-moi un professeur et une classes.

2. Translate. (Traduisez.)

Where is my book?

Who is my teacher?

Where is my pen?

Who is the director?

What is there in the classroom?

How is my room?

3. Say what they are going to do tomorrow.(Que vont-ils faire demain?)

Example: Il/etudierIi va etudier demain.

45 6

Page 57: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

elle/venir

je/recevoir des lettres

ilz/visiter le zoo

vous/dormir tard

V

elles/manger au restaurant

il/partir

4. Quelle heure est-il?

5. Say what there is/are and what theke is/are not in this/thatplace. (Qu'est-ce qu'il y a dans cet endroit?)

ExaMple: deux chaises dans la salle.y a deux chaises dans la salle.n'y a pas deux chaises dans la salle.

deux fenetres dans la chambre

11mr./..m.MIIIIIM=.

une vache dans la rue

46

57

Page 58: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

V

des serpents dans mon lit

...,

une mouche dans mon the

des oranges sur la table

un bateau sur la riviere

6. Make a sentence using c'est un c'est une.( Faites desphrases avec c'est un; c'est une.)

porte

fenetre

table

chaMbre

cour

rue

fauteuil

ventilateur

tapis

47

Page 59: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON VI

Page

C'est...Ce nlest pas 50

Possessives d 50

Definite and Indefinite Articles 51

Whose is it?52

Idiomatic Expressions with Avoir 53

Texte Le Village 54

En Scene58

Exercices59

Page 60: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON VI

C'EST... CE NEST PAS

In lesson I, you have already seenthat the negative form ne pasacts in the form of a "sandwich"around the verb. Thus the nega-tive forms of:

C'est un livre.

Ce sont des tasses.would be

POSSESSIVES

In lesson III, the forms mon, ma,and votre were already seen. Twonew ?REF are presented in thislesson. Study the table belowand the examples which follow it.

singular

plural

Examples:

Ce n'est pas un livre.

Ce ne sont pas des tasses.

masculine mon livre votre livre

feminine ma tasse votre tasse

mes livres

mes tasses

vos livres

vos teases

Mon pLre est de Brooklyn.

Ma mere est de Queens.

Mes parents sont de New-York.

Ce n'est pas votre voiture.

Ce ne sont has vos livres.Ce na sont pas mes outils.

C'est votre pelle.

Oil sont mes clous?

50 60

Page 61: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VI

NUMBERS /CHIFFRES

Here are some new numbers presentedin the lesson. Check their pronun-ciation with a French speaker.

35 trente-cinq 60 soixante 85 quatre-vingt cinq40 quarante 65 soixante-cinq 90 quatre-vingt dix45 quarante-cinq 70 soixante-dix 95 quatre-vingt quinze50 cinquante 75 soixante-quinze 100 cent55 cinquante-cinq 80 quatre-vets_

DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES

In Ellglish we use two Types ofarticles:

- the definite article: "the",.when we are talking about aparticular object;

Ex: The book is on the table.(not just any book, but aparticular book.)

- the indefinite article: "a"(or "an"), when we are talk-ing about any such object;

Ex: A book is on the table.(any book)

French has the same kind of systemwith its articles:

The book is on the table(a particular book) Le livre est sur la table.

A book is on the table (anybook)

Every noun in French is eithermasculine or feminine. Learn newvocabulary words with their appro-priate articles. The article willhelp you remember whether the wordis masculine or feminine

5.1

Un livre est sur la table.

Bra chevalUn livreune vacheune YeENtre

61

le chevalre- livrer vacheTX fenetre

Page 62: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VI

Here is a.table on the Frencharticles:

singulier

le livrethe la tasse

Check the pronunciation of le,la, le, and les with a Frenchspeaker. They are not pro- fl

nounced as they are spelled. (an)

Note again,:

There are books in the library.or

There are some books in thelibrary.

WHOSE IS IT?

De in French has been used pre-viously to mean "from". Here itshows possession:

It is John's book

Bill's car is in front of thehouse

John's brothers are nice

AVOIR

affirmative

I haveyou havehe hasshe has

negative

I don't haveyoo don't havehe aoesn't haveshe doesn't have

Check the pronunciation of these.forms with a French speaker.

fretudiant

la livreune tasse

pluriel

les livresles tassesles etudiants

des livresdes tasses

IL y a des livres dansla bibliotheque.

C'est le livre de John.

La voiture de Bill estdevant la maison.

Les freres de John sontsympathigues.

52 62

affirmatif

j'aivous amtzrrelle a

negatif

.e n'ai pasvourEravez pasrr7EITEE6M-E'a pas

Page 63: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VI

Above all, study the followingforms so you won't confuse theirpronunciation.

he has it a )he is ClE a

you have vous avez (wi:h a v)you go, are going vous allez ( with 11)

they are ils sontthey go, are going . . . Trs vont ciluT3

Practice these forms in sentences,as they are some of the most com-mon mistakes of French learners.

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WITH AVOIR

I am hungryI am thirstyI am coldI am hot

J'ai faim.J'ai soif.J'ai froid.Yria7chaud.

VOCABULARY

Here is some of the new vocabularypresented in Lesson VI.

in - dans

on - sur

behind - derriere

in front of - devant

the same, similar - pareil(pareille, feminine, samepronunciation)

different - different(differente, feminine)

Note that adjectives in Frenchagree with the noun in number aswell as :tn gender.

53

y a un peigne dans

112201Y±.Lem ass ettes sont sur

la table.y a un garage derrierema maison.y a des arbres devantle bureau.

Ma chambre et la chambrede Dan sont pareilles.

Dakar et Abidjan sont'tres differentes.

Page 64: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VI

Look over the following 12 pictures. For a future class,you will be assigned 2 or 3 of these pictures to preparefor class presentation. Learn the name of the objects inthe pictures assigned to you and give as much informationas possible about each object: for example, who has suchan object at the center, what is the object for, what isa good brand (Gillette, Colgate, etc.) of the object, howmuch does it usually cost, where it is sold, do you haveone, where it is, etc.

TEXT E

Le Village de Mamadou

Mon village s'appelle Diogo. / C'est un petit village. /

Il y'a / A peu pres / cinquante cases / et deux boutiques. /

Les habitants de Diogo / sont des cultivateurs / tree

calmes. / Les Jour:16es sont toutes pareilles, / et mon

village est toujours tranquille.

Le Village de

Mon village s'appelle Diogo. / C'est un petit village. /

/ a peu pas / cinquante cases / et deux

/ Les habitants de Diogo / sont des

tree: calmes. / Les sont toutes pareilles, / et

mon village / est tranquille.

Page 65: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

1041''11,N4.4

1,1\

10,;,,,to .1111

1

Page 66: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …
Page 67: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

of

I

la

II;

, 4:wA

l

_,11-,1 1al

L.," 77-'

MI

----..,17,-----Ai

'w---------.-:- %

-t.-

12"W)44110 II

.,i -I

Page 68: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VI

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between two friends in which the followingare presented:

Proper familiar greetings; identifi3ation of an objectbelonging to a third person not present; and a discussionabout that object in which:

the owner is identified

the characters tell if they,toc, have such an object

the object is described and compared to another tellingwhether it is the same or different (if different, how)

they mention where the object is at the present time

Supplementary Vocabulary

at my place chez moi

at your place chez vous

at his place chez lui

at her place chez elle

at Richard's place chez Richard

at home A la maison

it belong;, to me ca m'appartient

58

R8

Page 69: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VI

EXERCICES

1. Look up the following nouns in your dictionary and use themin a French sentence. (Cherchez ces mots dans le dictionnai-re et utilisez-les dans une phrase en frangais.)

cup

spoon

key

pen

room

town

driver's licence

director

2. Make two sentences: one with c'est, and another with itest/ elle est.( Faites deux phrases en utilisant c'estet it est/elle est.)ex: la robe de Betty est bleue.

c'est la robe de Betty. Elle est bleue.

Le livre de Bob est ferme.

La chemise de Pierre est blanche.

La clasie de Monsieur Allen est interessante.

La reponse de Marc est excellente.

L'auto de Larry est en panne.

L'appartement de Monsieur Ekono est confortable.

Le professeur de frangais est debout.

Page 70: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VI

3. Transform. ( Transformez la phrase)ex: voila un professeur. C'est mon professeur.

Voila lane pillule Aralen.

vo4la un jus de fruit.

Voila un pantalon.

Voila une chambre.

Voila une amie.

Voila une autre amie.

Voila un passeport.

4. Make a sentence using avoir. (Faites une phrase avec avoir)ex: tom/ un chien. Tom a un chien.

Moi/ un impermdable.

Le sous-Prefet/ une atto.

L'ftudiante I/ un examen.

Suzanne/ une grande famille.

Ahmed /une chemise verte.

Vous/ des lecons difficiles.

Awa/ une bicyclette.

5. Translate. (Traduisez.)

There's a yellow car in front of the hodses

There are no teachers in my family.

There is a big problem here.

How many trainees are there?

6070

Page 71: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VI

(she) (I)

:It

0

(You)

6. Say how they feel.

61

71

i

Page 72: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON VII

Page

On 65.

Definite Article 65

Etre/Avoir/Aller Review 66

Demonstrative Pronouns 67

Comparisons. 68

Family Terms 71

Age 72

Texte My Family 714

En Scene 76

Exercices 77

63

Page 73: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …
Page 74: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

ON.

LECON VII

The word On is introduced in the sen-tence:

How does one say "book" in French? Comment dit-on "book"en fraKais?

Note. that on is a ways a singulasubject and its verb is conjugatelike il/elle (3rd person singular)

Ex: How dees one write...in French? Comment ecrit-onen francais?

I don't know how one says....in French"' Je ne sais pas comment

on dit...en francais?

How does one go to Comment va-t-on a....?

One does not go in the bus!1at night. On ne vapas en brousse

la nuit.

There are a number of ways of expressing an indefinite subject:people, they, we, you, one, depending on the context. Most ofthe time in French they use 22wwith a singular verb.

oU

Ou without an accent means "or"

oa with an accent means "where"

DEFINITE ARTICLES

The form 1' is merely a shortenedform of le or 12, it is used beforewords beginning with a vowel. (Notehowever, that les does not change.)

In written French an "s" is gener-ally added to the end of a word tomake it plural. If a plural wordhas accompanying articles or adjec,-.tives, these, too, must add "s".

Il est riche ou pauvre?

Oil va-t-il?

Singulier

le livrerTetudiantlrarmoirelremi

Singulier

Pluriel

les livresles 6tudiantsles armoiresles amis

Pluriel

le livre les livresle livre jaune les livres

ritTiigg

This additional "s" is rarely les livres tie NIA73prononced. les livres jaunes Clehtm 50vi]

65

74

Page 75: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VII

Only when the next word beginswith a vowel is the final "s"heard. It is added onto the nextword as a "z" sound les tasses CI. 4-43 )

but: les assiettes Cie zaSit.t Dles oranges Cie z.olhELP

This is another case of "liaison".

QUI (pron.

Translates both "who" and "whom".

Who is the director' Qui est le directeur?

Who are they? . OOOOOO Qui sont-ils?

The friend I'm joing to eatwith is rich L'ami avec qui je vais

manger est riche.

AVOIR

The plural forms of "to have" arepresented in this lesson. Notethe pronunciation.

they (masculine) havethey (feminine) havewe have

Affirmatif

elles ontnous avons

itsthey (masculine) don't have s rimit pasthey (feminine) don't have elles n'ont paswe don't have nous n'avons pas

ETRE, AVOIR, ALLER: REVIEW

Up to now you have been spendinga great deal of time on three vell.bs:to be, tom have, tosa: These areperhaps the most important verbsin the language, for several of theFrench tenses are built upon theuse of these three verbs. Belowis a reference table of their dif-ferent forms for your review:

7 56 6

Page 76: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VII

infinitif: ETRE

suisvous atesit estelle estils sontelles sontnous sommes

AVOIR.

vous avezit aelle ails ontelles ontnous avons

ALLER

vaisvous allezit vaelle vails vontelles vontnous allons

Uros requires an ending of= for verbs. The only exceptionto this is the verb atre: nous sommes.

The pronoun nous is introducedin this lesson. Note how it isused with verbs:

we are goingwe have

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

The French word for "this" (thishouse, this pen, etc.) is ce.Its form will differ accordingto the gender and number of theaccompanying word, (ce, cette,ces)

Singular

this screwdriver (masc.)this cigarette (fem.)this apartment (masc.)this man (masc.)

Note that for masculine nounsbeginning with a vowel, cedoes not seem to sound right,and a "t" is added.}...

Plural

these housesthese construction sitesthese apartments

67

nous allonsnous avons

Singulier

ce tourneviscette cigarettecetuxostementcet nomine

Pluriel

ces maisonsces chantiers

ces appartement3

76

Page 77: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VII

Notice how descriptive words mustbe singular or plural, masculineor feminine, according to the wordthey describe.

(masculine, singular) Ce tournevis est grand. Cirkit )

(feminine, singular) Cette chaise est grande. cv.a.a )

(masculine, plural) Cesarlzressols. Cska )(feminine, plural) Ces maisons sont grandes. CStad 3

COMPARISONS

Comparisons are introduced in thislesson. Study the following grandexamples: plus petit que

court

Your pen is shorter than my Votre stylo est pluspen. court que mon stylo.

This key is smaller than thatkey.

The Texan trainees are biggerthan the California trainees.

The book is as interestingas the film.

She's as strong as CharlesAtlas.

The words are as hard as thegrammar.

This apartment is as confor-table as the professor'sapartment,

68

Cettecl---setitegue cette cle.

Les stagiaires texainssont plus grands que lesstagiaires californiens.

grandaussi petit que

court

Le livre est aussi in-teressantauele film.

Elle est aussi forte queCharles Atlas.

Les mots sont aussi dif-ficilesque la grammaire.

Cet appartement est aussicomfortable que fripparte-

. ment du professeur.

Page 78: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VII

grandmoans petit que

court

A possum is less intelligent than Un opossum est moans in-s dog. telligent qu'un chien.

N.B. Moins que ..., like itsEnglish equivale-"e. "less ... thanis not too commonly used in everyday conversation.

Superlatives

Take the biggest portion. Prenez la part la plus

=ma.Buy the most expensive ticket. Achetez le billet le

plus cher.;

You are choosing the least Vous choistS.sez le livreinteresting book. le moans interessant.

Practice the French comparisons plusby describing and comparing the moans queobjects on the following page. aussi

le plusou

le moans

POURQUOI?

1) Pour + verb in the infinitive

Ex: Pourguoi allez-vous A Dakar?Je vais a Dakar pour visiter la ville.

2) Parce que + subject + verb

Ex: Pourquoi allez-vous a Dakar en avion?Je vais a Dakar en avion paEce_sup je suis presse.

Pourquoi est-ce que le livre de Mamadou et le livrede Boubacar ne sont pas pareils.

ils ne sont pas pareils parce que le livre deMamadou est plus grand que le livre de Boubacar.

78

Page 79: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …
Page 80: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VII

PREPOSITIONS

Here are some new prepositionspresented in the lesson.

The dog is under the table.

Philadelphia is between New`ork and Washington.

The market is next to thebank.

The theatre is at the end ofthe street.

FAMILY TERMS

Study the family tree below andlearn the words for the differentfamily members.

GEORGES DUPONT

husband - marifather - paE-

CHARLES DUPONT (3

brother - frerea

ans)

son - fils Cri5

Le chien est sous la table.

Philadeiphie est entre NewYork et Washington.

Le marche est a cote dela banque.

Le cinema est au bout dela rue.

MARIE DUPONT

wife - femmemother - mere

Check the pronunciation of theabove words with a French speaker.

Some other useful family termsmight be

71

SYLVIE DUPONT (5 ans)

daughter - fille 6'63sister - soeur

le cousin la cousinel'oncle la tantele grand-pere la grand-mere

80

Page 81: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VII

POSSESSIVE (3rd person singular)

In French, the gender or sex ofthe owner makes no difference; itis the gender of the object possessedthat is important.

You would say:

his friendher friendits friend

son ami

Singulier Pluriel

masculine object (his,her,its book) son livrefeminine object (his,her,its table) sa table

When the object possessed startswith a vowel use masculine posses-sive adjective even if it is afeminine object or female person...

Goliath is bigger than hisneighbors.

His (or her) brother is olderthan his (or her) sister.

AGE

Note how you ask and answer ques-tions concerning age in French.

How old are you? (literally,which age do you have?)

I am 22. (literally, I have22 years.)

How old is she? (literally,which age does she have?)

She is 30. (literally, shehas 30 years.)

The word ans is always used withthe number.

8172

son ami (m,son amie (f)

ses livresses tables

Goliath est plus grandque ses voisins.

Son frere est plus acidaue sa soeur.

Quel age avez-vous?

J'ai 22 ans.

Quel age a-t-elle?

.Elle a trente ans.

Page 82: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Ibrahima N'DIAYEN'DIAYE

marl

LA FAMILLE N'DIAYE

1

)Moustapha N'DIAYE'TAPHA'

frere3

Binta SOWMadame N'DIAYE

femme

MaYmouna DIOPN'DIAYE

pii-ETEremere

Mamadou N'DIAYEfils

7 ans

R2

Page 83: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

TEXTE

Ma Famille

y a plusieurs personnes / dans ma famille. / Mon pere

a deux femmes. / Ma mere s'appelle Maimouna Diop. / J'ai

une soeur / Khady N'Diaye / (Arne petrel lame mere). /

Elie est plus Agee que moi. / Mon petit frere s'appelle

Moustapha. / Son petit nom est Tapha. /

Ma Famille

Ii y a personnes / dans ma famine. / Mon

a deux femmes. / s'appelle Malmouna Diop. /

J'ai une / Khady n'Diaye / (meme pere, mgme

mere). / Elle est plus que moi. / Mon

s'appelle Moustapha. / petit est Tapha. /

8374

Page 84: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

TRIP TO THE MARKET

Look at the following list of goods; they are all availablein the market or shops of the town you are in. Divide upthe list among the members of your class, find the pricesof these goods for the next day's lesson, and be ready tomake comparisons between the different prices using the wordcher.

PRIX

un paquet de cigarettes

6 bouteilles de biare

1 litre d'huile dtarachide

1 kilo de boeuf (sans os)

1 livre de beurre

12 oeufs

1 kilo d'oranges

1 kilo de bananes

1 kilo d'oignons

1 kilo de pommes de terre

1 botte de lait conccntre (non-sucre)

1 botte de lait concentrd (sucr6)

1 kilo (3(:: haricots verts

1 botte de petit pois

1 paquet de nouilles

1 kilo de viande hachee

Plus several of the fruits and vegetables typical of theregion you are in.

R475

Page 85: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between two people in which the followingpoints are discussed.

The family of someone at the center is visiting for a fewdays. There is a discussion about the family which shouldinclude the following information:

the mother's name

the father's name

the number of children they have

the names and ages of the children, and acomparison of the children according tosize and age

where the family is from

what kind of housing they have

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

Why do you ask?What does his father do?What is his father's trade?Did you know that the X

family is here now?

heretherevisitingthickaboutmore and moreless and lessforemanlandscaper

Pourquoi demandez-vous?UM est le m6tier de

son Fore?Vous savez que la familleX est ici maintenant?

iciIi=basen vliite

peRpresv; enae-g plus

moths en moansIg contremattreIg paysagiste

R5

76

Page 86: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VII

EXERCICES

1. Fill in the blanks with avoir

Vous ne pas de voiture americaine.

Roberto it un appartement.

Elle un ami frangais.

Its ne pas d'enfants.

J' une petite maison.

Ma soeur et moi un chien noir.

Elles an professeur africain.

2. Transform. (Transformez les phrases.)

Example: Le livre est rouge. Et la carte?Elle est rouge aussi.

Paul est grand. Et Betty?

Richard est anglais. Et Susan?

L'exercice est difficile. Et la question?

L'appartement est grand. Et l'universite?

Robert est amfticain. Et Catherine?

Mon manteau est noir. Et ma jupe?

77 Pe

Page 87: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VII

3. Make a new sentence using the dempnstrative article.

Example: Voila une jolie femme. Cette femme est jolie.

Voila une grosse fille.

Voila de petits cadeaux.

Voila des professeurs frangais.

Voila des voitures blanches.

Voila un arbre magnifique.

Voila un disque bizarre.

Voila une grande regle.

4. Make one sentence out of the two given using plus que,moans que, or aussi que.

Votre maison est grande. Sa maison est grande aussi.

Le tournevis sur la table est court. Le tournevis sousla table est long.

Ses soeurs sont minces. Mes soeurs sont grosses.

L' arbre devant la maison est grand. L' arbre derriere lamaison est grand aussi.

Son fils a 14 ans. Sa fille a quinze ans.

Jean court vite; Paul court vite aussi.

Bonnie et Clyde sont celebres. Le voleur du marchen'ast pas célèbre.

7R7

Page 88: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VII

5. QUEL AGE ONT-ILS? (How old are they?)

Quel age a votre mere?

'Nei. age a votre petit frere?

.Quel age a votre camarade de chambre?

Quel age a votre petite amie?

Quel age a le President des Etats-Unis?

6. In a few words of your own, compare the plar.e, the town youare in now with the place, the town you were in beforeyou came.

79

R8

Page 89: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON VIII

Ease

Chiffres 82

Systeme des 24 Heures 83

Combien ga coute? 83

Tableau des Tarifs 84

Expressions Interrogatives 85

Vebes en -Er 86

Verbs Faire 87

Comparatifs et Superlatifs Irreg'uliers 88

Liste des Verbes 89

Texts Une Sortie Au Dispensaire 90

Exercices 91

81

R9

Page 90: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON VIII

CHIFFRES (Numbers)

Here is a summary of the Frenchnumber system. Check the pro-nunciation with a native speaker.

The French numbers from 1 - 70are as follows:

1 un 11 onze 21 vingt at un 31 trente et un2 deux 12 douze 22 vingt-deux 32 trente-deux3 trois 13 treize 23 vingt-trois 33 trente-trois4 quatre 14 quatorze 24 vingt-quatre 34 trente-quatre5 cinq 15 quinze 25 vingt-cinq 35 trente-cinq6 six 16 seize 26 vingt-six 36 trente-six7 sept 17 dix-sept 27 vingt-sept 37 trente-sept8 huit 18 dix-huit 28 vingt-huit 38 trente-huit9 neuf 19 dix-neuf 29 vingt-neuf 39 trente-neuf10 dix 20 vingt 30 trente 40 quarante

41 quarante et un 51 cinquante et un 61 soixante et un42 quarante-deux 52 cinquante-deux 62 soixante-deux43 quarante-trois 53 cinquante,-trois 63 soixante-trois44 quarante-quatre 54 cinquante-quatre 64 soixante-quatre

50 cinquante 60 soixante 70 soixante-dix

Note that above 69 the Frenchcounting system changes.

70 soixante-dix (60 + 10)71 soixante-et-onze (60 + 11)72 soixante-douze (60 + 12)

79 soixante-dix-neuf (60 + 19)80 quatre-vingts (4 20's)8 quatre-vingt-un82 quatre-vingt-dE

89 quatre-vingt-neuf90 quatre-vingt-dix91 quatre-vingt-onze92 quatre-vingt-douze

90

82

99 quatre-vingt-dix-neuf100 cent200 deux cents300 trois cents

1000 mille (no agreement)

ti

Page 91: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

AMM1711111.i$MMIMMillIMID

VIII

SYSTEME DE L'HEURE (Time-telling system)

There are tvio time-telling systemsin French: the official 24-hoursystem and the less official 12-hour system you learned in lesson IV.

24-hour s stem: this is used forall officia purposes such as trans-portation schedules, radio programsand meetings. To tell time in thissystem:

a) take the hour Il est 13 heures (1 p.m.)

b) and add the number of minutes Il est 13 heures 20 (1:20)

Il est 13h15 (treizeheures quinze)

Il est 13h30 (treizeheures trente-r----

I1 est 16h45 (seizeheures quarante-cing)

Noon is

Midnight is

. Douze heures

Zero .heure

To ask "at what time", you say . . . A quelle heure?The preposition "an 18 kept inthe answer.

(At) what time do you go toclass?

I go to class at eight o'clock(at three o'clock).

A quelle heure allez-vous en classe?

. Je vtis en classe a huitheures (a quinze heures) .

COMBIEN CA COUTE? (How much does it cant ?)

Below is a table of prices and dis-tances for trips between certaincities in Africa (according to the.Air Afrique ticket guide). Be pre-pared to compare some of the pricesand distances orally in class, using:

91

aussi queplus ... quemoans quele plus ....le moans

Page 92: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

311WIPMMIIMMMERIW

VIII

TABLEAU DES TARIFS

entre prix (CFA) d un billet

Abidjan et Accra

Abidjan et Ouagadougou

Abidjan et Kinshasa

Abidjan et Dakar

Cotonou et Lome

Cotonou et Douala

Dakar et Lome

Dakar et Paris

Dakar et Ouagadougou

N'Djamena et Brazzaville

N'Djamena et Paris

N'Djamena et Yaounde

Kinshasa et Douala

Kinshasa et N'Djamena

Niamey et Ouagadougou

Niamey et Lome

Niamey et Bamako=a1Nome

kilometrage; (paranion)

19,250 CFA` 417

29,150 CFA 829

58,400 CFA 2,464

48,800 CFA 1,811

13,800 CFA 126

32,350 CFA 848

52,750 CFA 2,390

78,500 CFA 4,182

45,950 CFA 1,900

43,600 CFA 1,812

95,800 CFA 4,222

45,000 CFA 995

39,400 CFA 1,124

52,550 CFA 2,275

19,800 CFA 419

28,450 CFA 575

34,550 CFA 888

(Ces prix ne sont qu'approximatifs.)

Page 93: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VIII

REVISION - ETRE, AVOIR4 ALLER (Review etre, avoir, aller)

Try to make sentences with thehelp of the diagrams below:

ALLER VOUS LE MATINIL EN CLASSE L'APRES-MIDI

ETRE ELLE EN VILLE LE SOIRILS EN 3ROUSSE LA NUITELLES MAINTENANTNOUS

NOUSVOUSIL UNE CLASSE

LE MATIN

L'APRES-MIDIAVOIR ELLE LE SOIR

ILS UNE REUNIONELLES LA NUIT

....-

Note: Nous requires an ending of ONS on verbs with whichit is used. The only exception to this is the verbetre: nous ccumes.

EXPRESSIONS INTERROGATIVES (Interrogative expressions)

Study the following interrogativeexpressions and be sure you knowhow to use them:

when? quand?

Quand allez-vous en classe?Quand est-ce que les sta-

g aires vont en ville?

who? qui?

what?

Qui est le professeurmaintenant?

Qui a une reunion ce soir?

qu'est-ce que?

Qu'est-ce que vows avezdans votre ,oche?

8 5 93

Page 94: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

where?

why?

VIII

oa?

Oil allez-vous ce soir?

yourguoi?

Pourquoi ates-vousen retard?

VERBES EN -ER (-er verbs)

French verbs are divided into "families" according to theendings of their infinitive forms (er, ir, re).

The -er verbs are "regular" becausetheir different forms follow a pat-tern and are predictable. The firstpart of the infinitive form iscalled the "root" and usually re- ROOT ENDINGmains constant. As the verb isconjugated, the ending will changeaccording to the person and tense.

to look at . . regard. er

Here are examples of the largest"family" of verbs, those endingin -er

parl er

we speak nous parlonsyem speak vous parlez

Both the infinitive and the vousforms have the same pronunciationdespite their spelling differences.

to speakyou speal- 22-K1LS

vous parl/ ez

The following forms are pronouncedthe same although they are spelleddifferently:

I speak j arhe speaks 4 II earl 4she speaks elle parl/ ethey speak ils parirgEtthey speak ines parl/ ent

616

Page 95: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VIII

Check the pronunciation of verbforms with native speakers sincea different pronunciation canchange a verb from the presentto a past or future tense.

One final point should be mentionedabout -er verbs. Note that both"I speak" and "I am speaking" canbe translated by le parle

he looks/is looking at the book Il regardele livre.

but

I am speaking Je suis en train de parler.

He is looking at the book . Il est en train de regarderle livre.

VERHE---FAIRE

The irregular verb faire - do,to make - is introduced in thislesson. Here is its conjugationin part.

I do, I am doing, I makehe does, he is doing he makes . .

she does, she is doing, she makeswe do, we are doing, we makeyou do, you are doing, you make .

they do, they are doing, they make

Examples:

What do you do (or are youdoing) in class?

I do my homework in theevening.

I make a lot of mistakesin class.

je faisit fait

. arg-fat. nous faisons. vous faites. ils font

Qu'est-ce clue vous faitesen classe?

Je fais mes devoirs lele soir.

Je fais beaucoup de fautesen classe.

EXPRESSIONS IDIOMATIQUES AVEC FAIRE (Idiomatic expressions with faire)

do the housework 'faire le ménage

make love faire l'amour

87 95

Page 96: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VIII

hitch-hike

do the dishes

cook

it doesn't matter

it's a nice day

I'm so glad, I'm delighted(that makes me happy)

faire de l'auto -stop

faire la vaisselle

faire la cuisine

cela ne fait risn

it fait beau

9a me fait.plaisir

COMPARATIFS ET F9PERLATIFS IRREGULIERS (Irregular comparativesand superlatives)

good - better - the best . bon - meilleur - le meilleur

bad - worse - the worst . mal pire - le piremauvais

Examples:

Beer is goodChampagne is betterWhat is the best beer?

The road is bad.The path is worse.What is the worst road

in your town?

96188

La biere est bonne.Le champagne est meilleur.Quelle est la meilleure biere?

La route est mauvaise.Le setUer est Aire.Quelle est la route la

pire dans votre ville?

Page 97: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VIII

LISTE DE VERSES DU PREMIER GROUPE(List of verbs from the first group)

etudierregarderutiliserreparerpensermarchandertravaillerfrapperenleveramenerarriveraimerecouterjouer (a)melangersechercrierdeposerrenverserrencontrerrouleressuyerjetercoatervoler (2 meanings)commander

parlermonteremployerfermernettoyertirerdiscuterdemanderchanterporterquitterpasser (du temps)couperjouer (de)tombertransportercontinueressayergaterracontergronde rresterentrerdistribuercauser (2 meanings)

mangertrouveracheterfumerpousserenseignerfrotterhabiterdansermontrerdonnerposerretournerlaissernagercommencersouleverversergardersupprimertoucheroublierenvoyerpreferertourner

Look up the meaning of these verbs in the dictionary and chooseten to memorize according to the needs of your particular job.

R7

a9

Page 98: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VIII

TEXTE

Une Sortie au Dispensaire

(C'est Mamadou qui parle. Ii visite le dispensaire avec ses

amis.) Aujourd'hui, / nous visitons le dispensaire. /

Voici un docteur. / I1 travaille dans son bureau. / Je

cherche les infirmiers pour poser des questions. / Mais oil

sont-ils dorm? / Ah, voila un infirmier. / I1 regarde un

petit bebe malade. / I1 parle A la jeune maman qui pleure.

Su9plementary Vocabulary

the hospital l'hopital

an ambulaL.3 Ohe ambulance

an operation une opdration

an emergency une urgence

first aid les premiers secours

le secourisme

(9II) Police-secours

9890

Page 99: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

VIII

EXERCICES

1. Complete the series. (Completez la serie.)

Example: un troisun deux trois

onze treize

vingt vingt-deux

quarante-quatre quarante-six

soixante-cinq soixante-sept

quatorze seize

cinquante-huit soixante

2. Add 5 minutes to the following numbers and write out thecorrect time.

Example: 10:20 Dix heures vingt-cinq.

10:22

9:13

22:55

3:38

17:23

3. Make a sentence with the verb.

Example: Chercher/ ma montreJe cherche ma montre.

parler anglais/ elles

poser beaucoup de questions/ vous

regarder la television/ it

faire la cuisine/ vous

partir A 17h30/ avion

919g

Page 100: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

faire un voyage/ nous

jouer au ping.pong/ ils

VIII

4. Write at least three questions based on the followingsentence. (Ecrivez au moinR 3 questions basees sur laphrase suivante.)

Example: Stan va en classe a 8h.Qui va en classe?Oq va-t-il a 8h?A quelle heure est-ce qu'il va en classe?

Je cnerche les infirmiers pour poser des questions.

5. Translate using faire. (Traduisez en utilisant faire)

He makes a lot of mistakes.

It's a nasty day.

He's standing in line.

She is taking a nap.

Make yourself at home.

We usually hitch-hike.

100 92

Page 101: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON IX

Les Directions

L'Imperatif

Prepositions

Verbe Venir

Venir de + Infinitif

Avoir Mal a + Parties du Corp

En Scene

Exercices

93

Fags

95

96

97

98

100

100

100

102

Page 102: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

1

J

IX

Le Parc.

r

-I

L ' H 8 pi -6.1

I

rile, Mama

pia..e.e. de.

10. c.i+ef.

{----'-

tleole I

4

El102

a

LtC. i rneki ext.

h06.

Page 103: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

iNNINI1111M.M.

LECON IX

LES DIRECTIONS EN FRANCAIS (Directions in French)

Here is some of the vocabularyuseful in giving directions inFrench. Check the pronunciationwith a French speaker.

a road (not usually paved) . un chernin

a road (usually a highway) . . . une route

a paved road une route goudronnee

an intersection, a crossing un carrefour

a hill une colline

the top le sommet

a red light un feu rouge

a stop sign un "stop"

to the right, on the right A droite

to the left, on the left A gauche

straight ahead tout droit

at the bottom, below en bas

to leave, to go out of quitter

to turn tourner

to go up, to climb monter

to gb down descendre

to follow . suivre

to stop siarreter

up to, until jusqu'a

95 It

Page 104: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IX

L'IMPERATIF (Command or imperative form)

To give instructions (or orders) toone or more people in French, usethe vous form of the present tenseof the verb without the mug: Thecommand is usually softened by add-ing "s'il vous plait" (pleas0).

Got Allez!

Please repeat Repetez, s'il vous plait.

Turn left Tournez A gauche.

Go straight until the first Allez tout droit iusqu'auintersection premier carrefour.

Turn left and go up the hill. . . Tournez A gauche et montezla colline.

Continue up to the top Continuez jusqu'au sommet.

Follow the paved road Suivez la route goudronnee.

Stop at the stop sign Arretez-vous au stop.

Turn at the first street on Tournez a la premiere rue

Imasht.the left.

The form for "be" L an exception

Be careful! Soyez _2rudent!

For negatives, simply put ne ... pasaround the.verb.

Don't turn left Ne tournez pas a gauche.

Don't eat here Ne mangez pas ici!

Don't be late Ne soyez pas en retard!

For reflexive verbs, a vous must heused with the verb. Notice where

.

it is placed according to whetherthe sentence is affirmative or negative.

10496

Page 105: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IX

Stand up! Leven -vous!

Stop at the intersection! . . . Arretez-vous au carrefour!

Don't get up! Ne vous levez pas!

Don't stop at the crossroads! . Ne vous arratez pasau carrefour.

You can also say phrases like"Let's go!" in French. Use thepresent tense of the verb withoutthe subject pronoun nous.

Let's go! Allons-y! Partons!

Let's eat! Mangeons!

Let's go to the movie! Allons au cinftal

PREPOSITIONS

You have already seen that all nouns in French are eithermasculine or feminine, and when used with a definite articlethey will take le, la, or les (plural). When these articlescome after the preposition a, (meaning to, in, or at) in asentence, certain changes may take place. Study the follow-ing table and examples.

+ le au Op

for example: au professeur, au rdfectoire

a + la a la (no change)

for example: a la bibliothegue

+ 1' a 1' (no change)

for example: a l'ecole

a + les aux Co3

for example: aux toilettes

I Ci 597

Page 106: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IX

de + le du

for example: du café, du professeur

de la (no change)

for example: de la ville, de la bibliotheque

de + 1' de 1' (no change)

for example: de l'dtudiant, de l'homme

de + les des

for example: des Etats-Unis, des villages

VERBE-VENIR (verb - venir)

You have already seen one family of verbs, the -er or "regular"verbs. There are several other groups of verbs whose conjuga-tions are somewhat different. Below you will find the conju-gation of venir:

je viens

to viens

elle vient

nous venons

vous venez

ils, elles virnnent

Other verbs of this sort are:

to come backto becometo rememberto holdto reserve, to retainto containto belong to

Examples:

We are coming back from thepost office

He is coming from the city hallHe is going to the post officeDo you remember our appointment?

They are coming from the cafe- .

teria.

reveniragFaIFse souvenir detenirretenircontenirappartenir A

Nous revenons de la poste.. I1 vient de la mairie.

va a la poste.. Souvenez-vous de notre

rendez-vous?. Its viennent du refectoire.

"106

Page 107: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IX

le front

les yeux

le nez

.

La belle Amina au travail.

99

1 07

Page 108: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IX

VENIR DE + INFINITIF - (venir de + infinitive)

To express something that has justhappened, something you did re-cently or not too long ago, usevenir de + the infinitive

See tableau recapitulatif (reviewchartrOiTY011owing page.

Nous venons d'arriver.Its viennent de s'installeren ville.

Je-Vire-E-Ide L.asser un verre.

AVOIR MAL A + LES PARTIES DU CORPS (avoir mal a + parts of thebody)

avoir mal A la teteau ventreA la gorgeaux pieds

I have a headacheMy feet hurtI have a sore throatI have a stomach ache

J'ai mal A la tete.Jrai mal aux nieds.J'ai mal a la gorge.Jrai mal au ventre.

EN SCENE

Two friends meet and ask each other questions About theircomings and goings, or their present and past activities.Use only aller + infinitive etre en train de, venir de +infinitive,, in the dialogue:

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

aroundstandingassis

' flat; spread outbehind; backwardsahead; forwardwhile passing by;

on the way byI am lost

100

108

autour dedeboutseated1platen arriereen avant

en passant parJe suis_perdu(e).

Page 109: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

AVANT PENDANT APRES

'LLER A + LIEU ETRE A /EN /DE + LIEU VENIR DEDU + LIEUDES

ALLER + INFINITIF ETRE EN TRAIN DE + INFINITIF VENIR DE + INFINIllb

Dans la salle de classe Au refectoire A la bibliotheque/au bureau

.

S1:0a allez-vous? S1:011 Ptes-vods? Sl:D'ou venez-vous?S2:Je vais au refectoire. S2:Je suis au refectoire. S2:Je viens du refectoire.

Sl:Pearquoi allez-vous Sl:Maintenant qu'est-ce Sl:Que venez-vous de faireau refectoire? que vous faites? au refectoire?

S2:Je vais au refectoire S2:Je suis en train de S2:Je viens de manger aupour manger. manger. refectoire.

Sl:Cu va-t-il? Sl:Apres le refectoire S1:D'ou vient-il?

S2:I1 va g la banque. qu'allez-vous faire? S2:I1 vient du Ministere deSl:Pourquoi est-ce qu'il S2:Apres le refectoire l'Interieur.

va cl la banque? je vais aller au bLyeau S1:Pourquoi vient-il du ministere?S2:I1 va a la banque A la bibliotheque. S2:I1 vient de prendre son permis

pour toucher soncheque.

de sejour.

Sl:alltes-vous? .

.S2:Je suis au bureau. Sl:D'ou vient-elle?Sl:Qu'est-ce que vous faites? S2:Elle vient de la poste.S2:Je suis en train de taper Elle vient de recevoir

un rapport, son mandat.

TABLEAU RECAPITULATill

(Review Chart)

Page 110: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IX

Excuse me, what is the Pardon quol est le plusshortest way to cour4chemin pour .to find oneselfse trouverto look upondonner surtrafficla circulation

traffic lights les feux de circulationticket; fineune contravention

EXERCICES

1. Write out in French: (Ecrivez en frangais.)

the number of people in New York City (approximately):

days in a year

seconds in an hour

people in the country you are in now

number of months in four and a half decades

the following dates:

Valentine's Day

Saint Patrick's Day

the last day of Leo

your birthday

tomorrow

2. Fill in the blanks with a, a 1', aux. (Remplissez lestrous avec a, a 11, aux.)

Bill va

Nous allons

Ils parlent

dispensaite.

centre.

jeune fille.

102

110

Page 111: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IX

Parlez-vous enfant.

Elles vont Etats-Unis.

est appartement de Don.

3. Each of the following sentences is in the present.Rewrite them with en train de (maintenant), venir de(il n'y a pas longtemps), or aller + infinitive.(demain)according to the expressions following the sentence.

Example: Nos amis parlent de leur enfant (maintenant).Nos amis sont en train de_parler de

leur enfant.

Elle a une lettre (demain).

Marc prepare sa lecon (maintenant).

Its regardent la television (il n'y a pas longtemps).

Vous vous brossez les dents (maintenant).

Je suis malade (il n'y a pas longtemps).

Je vais au dispensaire (il n'y a pas longtemps).

Nous avons une nouvelle voiture (demain).

Le professeur corrige les devoirs (maintenant).

103

Page 112: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

IX

4. Transform these sentences into orders. (Mettez cesphrases A l'imperatif.)

Its jouent au ping-pong.

Vous vous brossez les dents.

Elle prend le train ce soir.

Nous aidons la vieille dame.

Bob et Andy s'amusent cet apres-midi.

Nous retournons en classe.

5. Make three sentences of your own to match each of thethree structures in the drawings on the following page.

104

112,

Page 113: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

t',.. ...,_-...._..%

..liei ?

.

.7 niv6

1 X6

-... .........---1

ALTAR A ETRE A VENIR DE

O. ..--.....,

e.

1 t 0x 1°'

1 1 3

14 4

Page 114: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON X

Page

Verbes du 2eme groupe - it 108

3eme groupe - re109

Pronoms complements d'objet direct . 110

Adverbes111

Texte: La journee au bureau112

En scene112

Quelques verbes utiles112

Vocabulaire suppldMentaire113

Exercises114

107

1 7 5

Page 115: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON X

VERBES DU 2eme GROUPE - IR3eme GROUPE - RE

You have already seen one "family"of verbs, -er verbs

regarder, chanter, acheterThere are several other large groupsof verbs whose conjugations aresomewhat different.Remember that the following letters,when in a final position of a verb,are not pronounced:

se viens

"t"ii sort

zvous mettez

"d"

"ts"

"ds"

VERSES EN IR

The verbs conjugated like finir -Note that these verbs add a double "s"before the conjugated plural endings.

it descend

je mets

le reponds

to finish- je finis

il/elle finit

nous finissonsvous finissezils/elles finissent

Other important verbs of this sort are

to choose-. choisir to succeed- reussir to fill- remplir

The verbs conjugated like partir -

to leave- je ears

il/elle part

nous partonsvous partezils/elles partent

Other verbs like partir:

to go outsortirto smellsentirto feel; I feel good se sentir; Je me sens bien.

108

118

Page 116: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

X

to tell a lie mentirto sleep dormirto fall asleep Treliairmir

Partir without a preposition simplymeans to leave; if you mention thepoint of departure, you have to addde

Je pars de chez mi..

VERSES EN RE

The verbs conjugated like rdpondre -

to answer- i.....reponds

il/elle repond

Other verbs of this category are:

noes rpondonsvous repondezils/elles repondent

to sell vendreto return rendreto wait for attendreto spread out etendreto go (come) down descendreto.hear entendreto lose 2erdre

Rendre, when followed by an adjective,has the meaning to make:

You make me sick Vous me rendez malade.

VERBES IRREGULIERS EN RE

to take-preidre to drink-boire to put-mettre to say-dire

je prends bois mets disil/elle prend boit met ditnous prenons buvons mettons disonsvous prenez buvez mettez ditesils/elles prennent boivent mettent disent

Other verbs of this category are:

to write ecrire Pecristo read lire je listo translate traduire le traduisto build construire je construisto drive conduire je conduis

1 7 710 9 ,.'

;

Page 117: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

X

PRONOM COMPLEMENT D'OBJET DIRECT

Tile English object pronouns (me, you,him/her, us, them) are either director indirect:

he takes ithe gives the book to me/he gives me the book

In French, the direcz object pronounsare as follows:

himherit (masculine noun)it (feminine noun)usyouthem

lelalelanousvousles

They always come before the verb in French.

Do you know the writer, Connaissez-vous l'ecrivain,L. Senghor? .... L. Senghor?

Yes, I know him Oui, je le connais.I know you Je vous connais.

Do you see Sylvie? ...... . Est-ce que vous voyez Sylvie?No, I do not see her Non, je ne la vois pas.He likes us very muel Il nous aime bien.

Where the verb begins with a vowel,le and la will take the form 1'and combine with it.

___

The plural form calls for aliaison in the same case.

Avez-vous votre livre?Oui, je l'ai.

A-t-elle la cle?Non, el le ne l'a pas.

Est-ce qu'il aime lesenfants?

Ouil it lesjime.

Note also the position of the directobject pronouns in the different tenses.

a) Passé compose

I saw him yesterday Je l'ai vu hier.They didn't buy them (A Its ne les ont pas

achetes.She waited for me in town ElIg75T: attendu en ville.

Page 118: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

X

The past participle conjugatedwith avoir agrees in gender aninumber with a direct object whenit precedes the verb.

He found his matHe found it

Which lesson has he studied? .

He has studied the 3rd lesson.

b) Futur proche

Ii a retrouvC sa natte.lia retrouv6e.

. Quelle lecon a-t-il

eIlric6=16 la 3eme lecon.

I am going to see himtomorrow Je vais le voir demain.

They are not going tosell it Ils ne vont pas la vendre.

c) Passé immediat

I just saw him Je viens de le voir.They just sold it Ils viennent de la vendre.

ADVERB ES

There are generally two types ofadverbs in French:

a) those fo::med by adding ment to the feminine form of theadjective when the masculine form does not end in a vowel:

adjective

serieux/s6rieusefacile/facilevrai/vraieg6n6ral/g6n6rale

adverb

skIrieusementfacilementvraimentOneralement

The French ending ment often corresponds to the ly inEnglish (seriously, truly, generally).

b) common adverbs (usually short) which do not have acorresponding adjective form:

never jamaishere icialways toujoursvery tres

Adverbs have no assigned slot in sentence order. However, thecommon adverbs usually follow the verb, even in the passécompose (ex. nous avons (d6ja, souvent, parfois) mange.

iii 119

Page 119: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

X

TEXTE

LA JOURNEE AU BUREAU

Quand je suis en Afrique, je travaille avec un collegueafricain qui s'appelle Mahamadou. D'habitude, nous commenconsle travail a sept heures et demie du matin. Plus tard, nouschoisissons un coin a l'ombre et nous discutons des problemes.Mahamadou et moi, nous ecrivons dans les cahiers de,classeet nous corrigeons les cahiers d'exercices. En classe, lesstagiaires apprennent le francois. Vers 9h30, Mahamadou etmoi prenons un café ensemble. De temps en temps, je bois unebiere mais Mahamadou estmusulman et it ne boit jamais debiere. Alors, apres tout cela, Mahamadou va a sa case pourdormir l'apres-midi. Et moi, je renonds au courrier ou jelis un journal.Ensuite, Petends ma natte et je dors.

(.c.)

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between 2 trainees who are talking abouttheir leisure time activities. The following should beincluded:

questions about when each has free timewhere they gowhat they do

An argument ensues as to which of the trainee's activity ismore interesting. The two argue hotly, insult each other,then cool down and apologize.

Find out how people in Africa use their leisure time; howdo they go. about using their time; are they always in a hurry?Do they feel pressed by lack of time? etc.

--RE

QUELQUES VERI3ES UTILES

--IRIRREGULIERS

--issant --ant recevoirvoir

tenir mettresortir prendre

entendre finirdescendre choisirrendre obeirr6pondre reussirvendre batirperdre

n120

comprendreapprendreconstruireallerconduireboire

partiroffrirapercevoirouvrirdiredcrirevenirlirecourir

Page 120: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

EN SCENE (suite)

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

during your f.-ee time pendant votre temps libre

je prefere Caller au cinema)

vous etes foul

Imbecile!

excusez-moil

je reqrette

aimer (j'aime danser)

lent

lentement

meilleur

tout de suite

il a mal

l'infirmerie

la civiere

I prefer (to go to the movie) .

you're crazy

imbecile (an insult)

excuse me

I am sorry

to like/love (I love dancing).

slow

slowly

better

immediately

he is in pain

infirmary . . .

stretcher

excuse me for bothering you . . . excusez-moi de vous deranger

to have an appointment, avoir rendez-vous

Page 121: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

X

EXERCICES

1. Repondez A la forme negative ou affirmative en utilisantun pronom.

Exemple: Est-ce que nous etendons la couverture?Oui, nous l'etendons.

Est-ce que votre ami aime les pique-niques?

Oui,

Est-ce que Robert lit le journal local?

Non,

Est-ce que les etudiants ecoutent la radio?

Non,

Est-ce que les infirmiers soignent bien les malades?

Oui,

Est-ce que mon frere a la old de la maison?

Non,

Est-ce que vous allez visiter le musee?

Oui,

2. Remplacez le pronom dans les phrases.

Its regardent (vous).

Pourquoi regardez-vous (me).

Il vend (les) .

Its vont photographier (la).

Voile (les) .

Elles vont voir (le).

Sara va mettre (les).

Nous venons de lire (le).

Je Prepare (le).

Mary et Betty aident (nous).

1141 22

Page 122: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

X

3. Comnletez chaque phrase A l'aide des sujets et des verbessuivants.

a) travailler et dormir

(Ex. Il travaille beaucoup et il ne dort pas assez.)

Nous beaucoup et nous assez.

Je beaiwoue et je U4S4.1:4.

Vous beaucoup et vous assez.

Elles Eleatic:pup et elles UZ3OZ.

b) lire et attendre

Nous le journal pendant que (while) nousle bus.

le journal pendant que (while) ille bus.

Stephane le journal pendant que (while) ille bus.

Les passagers le journal pendant qu'ilsle bus.

c) prendre et venir

Awa

Vous

le taxi et

le taxi et

Pierre et Jeff le taxi et

4. Traduisez.

chez moi.

chez moi.

chez moi.

le taxi et chez moi.

I sleep until noon. Do you sleep late, too?

We are not going away now; is she going away soon?

He sends a lot of postcards; I always read them with pleasure.

The children say short prayers at night.

Page 123: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XI

Page

",!rbes reflechis affirmatif 119

- n6gatif 120

- impftatif 121

Les chiffres . 122

Texte 122

En scene 122

Exercices 124

117

124

Page 124: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

118

125

Page 125: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XI

VERSES REFLECHIS

This part of French grammar isextremely important. We havereflexive verbs in English too:

He hurt himself I1 s'est blesse.I look at myself in

the mirror Je me regarde dans lemiroir.

She brushes her teethin the morning Elle se brosse les dents

le matin.

In each of the above cases, theperson doing the action is doingit to himself/herself.

In French, the reflexive verbs must be used with specialreflexive pronouns. For example, with the verb "wash" inEnglish, if we say "I wash before going to dinner," it isunderstood that I wash myself. There is no need to say it.In French, it must be said.

Affirmatif

I washhe washesshe washeswe washyou washthey washthey wash

I am washing (myself)he is washingshe is washingwe are washingyou are washingthey are washingthey are washing

je me laveit se laveelle se lavenous nous lavonsvous vous lavezils se laventelles se lavent

Here is a list of the pronouns used with reflexive verbs.

je me

it se

elle se

nous nous

vous vous

ils/elles se

Here are some other examplesof reflexive verbs in French:

I am getting ready for dinner. . . .Je me prepare pour le diner.You dress quickly Vous vous habillez rapidement.His name is Steve I1 slappelle Steve.

119,116

Page 126: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XI

In French, almost any verb can bemade reflexive simply by addingthe special pronoun.

I turn the page Jo tourne la page.I turn arounl Je me (re) tourne.

There is a tendency among learnersof French to forget the reflexivepronoun, especially when the verbis not reflexive in English.

to wake up is se reveiller

Therefore, to say "I wake up"you must say Je me reveille.

If you forget the pronoun Mr! andsim?ly say lie, reveille, your listenermay wonder who you are waking up.

Negatif

The negative with reflexive verbsis formed in the following way. . . . Je me lave.

Je ne me lave oas.Il se reveille.

ne se rdveille pas.Nous nous reveillons.Nous ne nous rdveillons pas.

me lave, se reveille, nous reveillonsare treated as inseparable unitsand the at and aal are placedaround them I1 ne s'habille pas.

The infinitive of reflexive verbsis preceded by the reflexive pro-noun se; if the verb begins witha vowel or silent h, by s' :

to get up se leverto get dressed s'habiller

Other examples:

I am going to washThey are going to bedYou just woke upShe just went to bed

120

127

Je vais me laver.Its vont se coucher.,Vous venez de vous reveiller.Elle vient de se coucher.

Page 127: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Imperatif

In the affirmative imperative (orderform), the pronoun follows the verb:

Stand up ; Levez-vous.

Sit down Asseyez-vous.

Enjoy yourself Amusez-vous bien.

Move over Poussez-vous.

In the negative imperative, theobject pronoun has its usualposition before the verb Ne vous levez nas.

Ne vous asseyez pas.

Don't bother Ne vous derangez pas.

Here is a chart to help you make a few questions of yourown. Choose one word in each column.

quand se reveiller vous le matin

se lever it le soir

se reposer elle l'apres-midi

s'amuser Marie et Jean le samedi

a quelle heure se coucher le professeur le lundi mat

ou

se raser un stagiaire

des stagiaires

le dimanche

121 126

in

Page 128: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XI

LES CHIFFRES

60 X 12 = 720 times fois80 X 17 = 1360 equal font61 X 8 = 4882 X 73 = 146

1,000 mille2,000 deux mille8,000 huit mille

10,000 dix mille50,000 cinquante mille

100,000 cent mille700,000 sept cent mille

1,000,000 un million5,000,000 cinq millions

1,000,000,000 un milliard

Mille never takes an s but millionand milliard do when they are multiplied.

TEXTE

Pendant les vacances / j'aide mon pere / dans les champs. /

Nous nous levons de bonne heure / et nous partons aux champs A

pied. / Je travaille / avec une hone / et un coupe-coupe. /A midi / nous nous reposons / a l'ombre d'un baobab.

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between a reporter and an abnoxious moviestar. The reporter is interviewing the star on his/her lifestyle. The dialogue should include questions on the moviestar's average day: i.e., what his/her daily activitiesconsist of, and what he or she does for amusement.

Find out the names of tools you use in your work or that youuse around the house.

122

Page 129: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XI

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

champagnele champagne

swimming pool la piscine

movie star la vedette

to eat in bedmanger au lit

cocktail un cocktail

without sans

onlyseulement

alwaystoujours

usuallyd'habitude

LES VERBES REFLECHIS

se promenertrouver (se)se leverse couchers'amusermouiller (se)preparer (se)soigner (se)demander (se)se rappelerchanger (se)

se reposerse laverse raserslhabillerpresenter (se)s'arraters'occuper (de)s'interesser (a)blesser (se)se facherse hater, se depacher

Note: The verbs with the pronoun between brackets can bealso used as regular -er verbs.

Check the meaning of these verbs in the dictionary.

123 130

Page 130: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XI

EXERCICES

1. Faites une phrase avec le verbe.

Exemple: diner a la maison le soir jeJe dtne a la maison le soir.

etudier la quatrieme lecon je

jouer au football / vous

se laver les mains avant de manger / it

prendre le petit dejeuner / elle

se reveiller vers sept heures / son fils

s'amuser le samedi soir je

se reposer l'apres-midi beaucoup de gens

se coucher de bonne heure / vous

2. Repondez a la question au ndgatif.

Exemple: Travaillez-vous le dimanche?Non, je ne travaille pas le dimanche.

Est-ce que Robin Hood aide les riches?

Est-ce je me lave A la bibliotheque?

Page 131: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XI

Est-ce que les stagiaires retournent en classe?

Vos parents se reveillent-ils de bonne heure?

Votre frere travaille-t-il au centre?

3. Employez ces phrases A l'interrogatif en employant l'inversion.

Exemple: Vous mangez A midi. / Joan se rase le matin.liangez-vous % midi? / Jean se rase-t-il le matin?

Sa mare chante A l'eglise le samedi soir.

Vous vous brossez les dents apres le netit dejeuner.

Bob s'amuse bien l'apras-midi.

Vous aidez les pauvres.

Elies se regardent souvent dans le miroir.

Vous vous appelez Bugs Bunny.

4. Utilisez un des adverbes suivants pour qualifier ces phrases.

(beaucoup, vraiment, generalement, tras)

Exemple: Nous nous amusons.Nous nous amusonsbeaucoup.

travaille toute la journee.

1251:42

Page 132: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XII

Page

La carte postale (texte) 128

Adverbes 129

Adjectifs possessifs 129

Pronoms interrogatifs (quel) 130

Le calendrier 131

Depuis 132

La m6teo 133

En scene 135

Liste des personnages et mftiers 136

Exercices 137

13127

Page 133: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

40.44774016

Jt 41\ eft ifa .4(4 ot a,,s0;4_.-1;u4 A's apu4s, jL. j,Sim-) 1(44- ctiLAs %-wtcy,_ 6.4th

tn,y1' e-Aotoys 11-71-et 6,:y14 LI,y1e4 .eons

j:Lakct-

TIA66 f e44.SR.-CkUlt e/MS

CO"

.6DiA. 141a utz,vi (.. wng. .,Qe..c..em-

tvate- serfs

or-evetete-- Pz."dilee;A. ,We'eze,

134 lea/4 X4/

(11-.4;4_ uie,

7.12)0, ea&

- (kr

135

Page 134: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XII

LA CARTE POSTALE

Study the postcard so that you understand it completely andare familiar with the conjugation of the verbs used in it:apprendre, aller, lire, ecrire, s'endormir, finir, penser,devenir, se sentir.

ADVERBES

Here is a list of some of the moreuseful everyday expressions thatcome up in the lesson.

often souvent

sometimes . . . . des fois,parfois

everyday tous les jours

also, too . . . aussi

either (in a negative sense)non plus

ADJECTIFS POSSESSIPS

The French words for "our" are:

notre - applies to a single'object

Our house is near a river Notre maiqon est a catsd'un fleuv6.

Souvent, nous allons enville.

Des Lois ( parfois) , lesstagiaires ont desproblemes avec lesverbes irreguliers.

Tous les jours, mes amisparlent de la politigue.

1st person2nd person

1st person

2nd person

-

jebenlaU:nou:a.is.

- Moi aussi.

- Je ne lis pas

- Moi non plus.

nos - applies to plural objects

We're looking for our books. . . .Nous chercnons nos livres.

The French words for "their" are:

leur - applies to a single object

Chani and Onana are waiting Chani et Onana attendenttheir turn leur tour.

129 126

Page 135: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XII

leurs - applies to plural objects

The students buy their books. . . Les 6tudiants achetentleurs livres.

Here, for review, is a list of thepossessive words you have studiedso far:

myitshisher

our your their

singular(masc) mon son

notre votre leur

(fem) ma sa

plural mes ses nos vos leurs

ZROIOMS INTERROGATIFS

The word quel (kelp has alreadycome up in several lessons andappears again in this lesson. It

.means,"what" or "which". Hereare some more examples of its usage.

Which (or what) book doyou want'

Which (or what) languageare you studying?

What kind of music do theylike?,

-Which (or what) are yourfavorite hobbies?

What are the importantdates of the year?

(masc) Quel livre voulez-vous?

(fem) Quelle langue etudiez-vous?

Quelle sorte de musiqueaiment:-ils?

(masc Quels sont vos passe-tempspl.) preferds?

(fem Quelles sont les datespl.) importantes de l'annee?

Quel is generally used in Frenchwhen there is some question ofchoice involved. (Which book...which language which kind ofmusic, etc. There are several books,languages,. kinds of music, etc. tochoose from.)

Page 136: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XII

However, in questions like thefollowing, quel would not be used.In these questions, qu'est-ce quewould be much more appropriate.

What are you doing? Qu'est-ce que vous faites?

What is he studying? Qu'est-ce qu'il etudie?

LE CALENDRIER

The months of the year are:

'lOIS DE L'ANNEE

janvier juillet

fevrier aoat

mars septembre

avril octobre

mai novembre

juin decembre

With the months of the year, usethe preposition en to mean "in".

en janvieren fevrier

The days of the week are:

JOURS DE LA SEMAINE

dimanche jeudi

lundi vendredi

mardi sariedi

mercredi

Unlike English, French does notrequire a preposition with thedays of the week.

On Monday I am going to town. . . .Lundilje vain en ville.

Note that the preposition "on" is not translated.F.

Page 137: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XII

In French, a full date is ex-pressed in the following order:

71pril 6, 1973

July 4, 1776

le(date) (moil) (annee)

le 6 avril 1978

le 4 juillet 1776

Notice the following examples:

What day is it today' C'est quel jour aujourd'hui?

Aujourd'hui, c'est mardi.alijourd'hui, nous sommes mardi.

That date is it today' C'est quelle date aujourd'hui?

Aujourd'hui, c'est le 24fevrier 1978.

hmiourd'hui, nous sommesle 24 fevrier 1978.

Note that for dates such as 1978two types of expressions arepossible:

1978

The second form is more common.Don't forget the word "cent".

DEPUIS

Pay special attention to the useof the present tense iv, French.

The present tenseand an expressiondenotes an actionbeing which beganwhich is going ontime.

mille neuf cent soixantedix-huit (mil)

dix- neuf cent soixantedix-huit

followed by deouisof time or a dateor a state ofin the past andat the present

11711117.1[7311MPAIMMUCAM.0311...11/1111.40011111.1...1119SMOIJ

Page 138: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XII

DEPUIS (suite)

Je suis en stage .depuis le 27 janvier.

Je vous attends depuis une heure.

J'etudie le francais depuis quatresemaines.

Nous avons la television depuis 1968.

On est indegendant depuis une dizained'annees.

To ask how long an action has beengoing on, use depuis quand followedby a verb in the present tense.

Depuis quand rites -vous en Afrique?

Je suis en Afrique depuis le 26 avril.

Depuis combien de temps a "tes -vousen Afrique?

Je suis en Afrique depuis trois semaines.

Deuistezle rancais?

LA METE°

French has numerous idioms whichit uses to describe climate andweather.

What's the weather like today? . . Quel temps fait-il aujourd'hui?

It's raining I1 pleut.

It's nice outside Il fait beau.

Il fait chaud.

It's cold Il fait froid.

It's bad outside Il fait mauvais.

It's cool Il fait frais.

It's windy. Il fait du vent.

It's snowing I1 neiqe.

It's hot.

133 140

Page 139: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XII

Note the usage of the expressionit fait for the weather. Thissame phrase can be used for thetemperature.

What is the temperature' Quelle temperature fait-il?

It is 20 degrees Il fait 20 degres.

The four seasons are:

QUATRE SAISONS DE L'ANNEE

le printemos

116te

l'automne

l'hiver

\s with the months of the year, usethe preposition en to mean "in" withthe seasons. Note the exceptionwith orintemos.

au printempsen eteon automneen hiver

Winter, spring, summer and fall are temoerate zone seasons.However, if you are in a tropical zone, you may find that thenames of the seasons are different. The teachers may describethe climate of their country to you in class. Be on the look-out for such terms as:

la saison seche

la saison des oluies

l'hivernage

l'harmattan

Find out what these new words mean andhow they apply to the climate in Africa.

3e on the lookout, also, for a change in the system of tempera-ture. In Africa, they do not use Fahrenheit; they measure thetemperature by the Centigrade system. To change from Fahrenheitto Centigrade necessitates a quick and easy calculation.

1.344

I41

Page 140: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XII

Remember that 0 Centigrade is 32° Fahrenheit.

To change from Fahrenheit to Centigrade:

-subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature-multiply the result by 5/9

50°F-32

5 x 18 = 10°C9

To change from Centigrade to Fahrenheit:

-multiply the Centigrade temperature by 9/5-add 32

10°C x 9 = 185

18+3250°F

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between a trainee and ea African teacherwho comes from one of the smaller villages in the country.The trainee quizzes the teacher on the life of the inhabitantsof his village. The teacher gives a rundown on the differ-ences in climate during the year and the consequent changein the activities that he and the other villagers engage in.

during

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

the rainy season

the dry season

la saison des pluiespendant

la saison Oche

rainy season; winter ploughing . . l'hivernage

name of the wind from theNorth (Sahara region) l'harrnattan

drought la secheresse

usually d'habitude

fields les champs

}: 1421,5

Page 141: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XII

PERSONNAGES ET METIERS

Who are these people?What is their role in society?Where do they work? What kind of work do they do?Who do they work with?To be one of these people, what must one do?

le sous-prefetle chef de cantonle chef du villageles notablesles garde-corpsle commercantle cultivateurle griotle maraboutle chasseurle menuisierle tailleurle tisserandle cordonnierle teinturierle berger

l'agent de l'agriculturel'ancien combattantl'infirmier"El Hadj"le maitre d'ecole primairele gendarmele chauffeurl'apprentile charlatanle p6cheurle forgeronle douanierla sage-femmele deputele boucherle piroguier

Choose three characters and prepare a presentation for theclass'on these people and their work.

1361 4 3

Page 142: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

1. Ecrivez en frangais.

Chiffres -

500

1565

XII

EXERCICES

900

1,000

10,000

1,000,000

bates -

1545

1636

1789

1984

2. Completez les series.

Exemple: lundi, jeudilundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi

mardi, jeudi

mercredi, samedi

vendredi, lundi

dimanche, mardi

3. Posez une question avec la forme correcte de quel.

Exemple: Vous faites des voyages interessants.Quelle sorte de voyages faites-vous? ouQuels voyages faites-vous?

y a des voitures du gouvernement au parking.

137 144

Page 143: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XII

Vous aimez les livres d'histoires.

Elle a des amis sympathiques.

Il fait des fautes de prononciation.

Vous allez a la bibliotheque de la ville.

Nous regardons un film d'aveatures.

4. Posez des questions qui correspondent aux phrases.

Exemple: Elle parle depuis une heure.Depuis quand parle-t-elle?

Nous faisons la queue dePuis une demie-heure.

Nous habitons au centre depuis deux semaines.

Jean est en prison depuis lundi dernier.

Vous etes marie depuis longtemps.

Ce film passe depuis le 5 juin.

145138

Page 144: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

5. Repondez aux questions avec dePuis et une expression detemps aux choix.

Depuis quand avez-vows ce chien?

Depuis combien de temps travaillez-vous dans ce chantier?

Depuis quand va-t-elle en France en dte?

Depuis quand rites -vous des amis?

Depuis combien de temps habitez-vous dans cette ville?

)739 146

Page 145: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XIII

Page

N'est-ce pas? 142

To know connattre 142

To know - savoir 144

Croire 145

Numeros ordinaux 146

Place des adjectifs 146

Expressions idiomatiques 147

Texte: A la riviere 149

En scene 149

Exercices 151

141

1 47

Page 146: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XIII

N' EST -CE PAS

Up to the present, you have beenworking with three ways of askinga question.

a) using normal word order andraising your voice at the endof a sentence.

b) changing the order of thesubject and verb.

c) adding est-ce que.

In this lesson a fourth type ofquestion is presented.

(intonation)4

Vous parlez frangafs?

Parlez-vous francais?

Est-ce que vous parlezfrangais?

You speak French, don't you? Vous parlez frann'est-ce pas? s po,,)

He likes music, doesn't he? Il aime la musique,n'est-ce pas?

They're going to town, Its vont en ville,aren't they"' n'est-ce pas?

You're African, aren't you?. . Vous 6tes africain,n'est-ce pas?

ais,

The nest -ce as type of questionis generally used only when we feelwe already know the answer to thequestion. We do the same thing inEnglish when we add "..don't you?"or "..didn't they?" or "..isn't he?"to the end of a statement.

N'est-ce pas never changes; it alwaysremains nest -ce eas no matter whatthe form of the verb.

CO NNAIT RE

"To Know"

There are two different verbs inFrench for the English verb "to know":connaftre and savoir.

1421 48

Page 147: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIII

Here are their conjugations:

infinitive: connaltre

KDVIE, je connais

Cul riit (elle) connalt

(il 6n0 ils (elles) connaissent

Cvu KoveSe 3 vous connaissez

Cnu itnesii] nous connaissons

infinitive: savoir.

Oa se) je sais

Cu 1 s E ) it (elle) sait

Cu l saJ) ils (elles) savent

Cvu s2Arej vous savez

Cnu s a,v 2'3 nous savons

Connaltre and savoir have veryidiomatic usages in French. Eachone means "to know", but in a littledifferent sense from the other.

Connaltre means generally to be ac-quainted with a oerson, place or a thing.

I know the director of the Je connais le directeurcenter --au centre.

lie knows all his teachers. I1 connalt tour sesorofesseurs.

The trainees know Dakar Les stacjiaires connaissentfairly well Dakar assez bien.

I don't know Hong Kong Je ne connais pas Ilona Korn,

This mechanic is well acquainted Ce mecanicien connaft bienwith the Cadillac engine le moteur Cadillac.

149143

Page 148: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIII

S NVO I R

Savoir does not indicate a full personalacquaintance or personal knowledge ofsomeone or something; rather savoirgenerally indicates that you know a9articular fact or two about someone or;omothing.

I know where the president lives. .Je sa%s oa habite le president.

He knows why he is working in Il sait nourquoi il travailleAfrica en A-rique.

I don't know how many trainees Je ne sais as combien dethere are at the center stagiaires il y a au centre.

DO you know how they say Savez-vous comment on dit"watermelon" in French') "watermelon" en francais?

They don't know that I am Its ne savent as que lehere Buis ici.

:)ne useful trick in distinguishingconnaltre and savoir is the following:

Connaftre is usually followed by thenerson, place or thina 'mown.

- personJe connais - place

- thing

Je connais le directeur

Check the other examples underconnaftre to see this tendency.

Savoir is almost always followed by a conjunctionword (que, pourquoi, comment, etc.) and thenanother clause consisting of at least a subjectand verb.

- commentJe sair; - que .1- subject, verb

- nourquoi- oa- combien de

Je sais pourquoi it est fative.

Check the examples under savoir for this tendency.

150144

Page 149: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIII

N.B. Note how the word que is usedafter je sais in French, when wewould not use anything after thesame phrase in Enrilish.

I know Jim's a good player. Je sais que Jim est un bonjoueur.

sait que j'arrive huitheures d'habitude.

de knows I usually arriveat 8 o'clock

This que is commonly used in Frenchafter such expressions as:

I know

I think

I believe

I'm sure

Je sais que. . .

CROIRE

Je pense que

Je crois que . . . .

Je suis sar Prue . . .

The irregular verb croire is presentedin this lesson.

infinitive: croire - (to believe, to think)

je crois

it (elle) croit

ils (elles) croient

vous croyez

nous croyons

Note how the word gue is oftenused after croire.

.1145

Je crois que les stagiairessont au marche.

croit que vous dtesamericain.

151

Page 150: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIII

NUMEROS ORDINAUX

The formation of French ordinal numbers("first", "second", "third", etc.) isvery regular and easy to remember.

1st le premier (fem: la premiere)

2nd le (la) deuxieme

3rd le (la) troisieme

4th le (la) quatriemeetc.q.....

The general rule is simply to add-ieme to the regular number.

sept + ieme = le (la) septieme

cent + ieme = le (la) centieme

PLACE DES ADJECTIFS

In French nearly all "adjectives"(words describing a person, place orthing) are placed after the word theydescribe. Study the following examples:

an American teacher un professeur americain

a European car une voiture europeenne

the White House la maison blanche

the industCal towns les villes industrielles

The big exception to this rule is agroup of short, very common adjectiveswhich are placed before the noun,Here is a list of these special cases.

(masculine form)

grandnetitbonautreleune)01i.

mauvais

146 152

Page 151: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIII

(masculine) (feminine)

beau belle

vieux vieille

nouveau nouvelle

dernier derniare

Ordinal numbers (premier, deuxiame,troisiame, etc;) also are usuallyplaced before the words they describe.

Study the positions of the adjectivesin the following sentences:

New York est une grande ville.

"Le Mandat" est un bon film.

Le president habite une grande maison blanche.

Renault est une petite voiture francaise.

Mon pare travaille dans une grande villeindustrielle.

Tom est le premier volontaire du Wyoming.

EXPRESSIONS IDIOMATIQUES

Quel is used for a masculinenoun

Quelle is used for feminine . .

what kind of

What brand of cigarettes doyou smoke')

Quel livre lisez-vous?

.Quelle heure est-il?

quelle sorte de

Quelle sorte de voitureavez-vous?

Quellemararettesfumez -vous?

sar

Je suis sat* qu'il est africain.

Vest evident.

sure, certain

It is obvious, it's a sure thing..

147 153

Page 152: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

...100:"<44'

wrisa

,

44.1r-

lanai\ trcto

1, '41014

t'%1111.1. rti

..,JJIh

$1\i

lir;),ArzttrA

17',pI

, itt,

I

1 1r)11

;,?,7

c

'

1/1

ill

"..411.11P14/,:ig.P2tra#41°P;A

pilatb'IP:47.-74011*:

op,IP"

ow,

..41111:...41-%/-

Page 153: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIII

TEXIn

A LA RIVIERE

Nous allons souvent / a la riviere / mes camarades et moi /

et nous nous baignons / dans l'eau fraiche. / Nous connaissons /

un netit endroit tranquille / oil ii y a / toutes sorter de bons

noissons. / Parfois / nous apportons des lignes / pour p6cher. /

Mais je crois clue nous n'avons pas heaucoup de patience. /

EN SCENE

Each student in the class should choose one of the sites listedbelow, go to visit it, and learn as much as he can about it.For the next day, he should be able to give in French thefollowing information:

where his "site" is located- what kind of things one does there- what one looks for there- who goes there or works there- Alen they go (or work) there

etc.

Each student should also remember how he got to the place hevisited. He will be asked to prepare a little map and givethe class directions in French for going to that place.

List of Possible Sites to Visit

le marche

la poste

la gare

la gare routiere

la banque

la mosquee

l'eglise

149

le dispensaire

l'hopital

une station d'essence

un restaurant africain

un café

un bar

le nort ou le fleuve

1.55

Page 154: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIII

EN SCENE (suite)

Prepare a dialogue between a trainee and an Old school friendwho is tourin: Africa and just happens to wander into thetraining center. The dialogue should include:

- Questions from each on what the other is currentlydoing. The old friend is particularly interestedin the life at the Peace Corps training center andasks several questions about the activities of thetrainees.

- A short discussion about a mutual acquaintance ofthe two. The trainee asks the old school friend ifhe knows him and the latter believes he does.

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

to know connaltre

to believe croire

to be sure atre stir

right? (e.g., "He's 25 n'est-ce nas?years old right?")

in my opinion a mon avis

maybe Reut-etre

sometimes quelquefois

like that,(or just) because comme ga

Nous sommes au centre decenter.to formation pour . . .

What's happening? Qu'est-ce qui se passe?

What's he doing? Que devient-il?

Sure, I'm interested Oui, ga Winteresse.

It's exciting C'est passionnant.

We're at the training

150

156

Page 155: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIII

EXERCICES

1. Traduisez les phrases en utilisant quel (masculin) etquelle (feminin).

What is the date?

What day is it?

What is the name of the film?

What is the score?

What is his telephone number?

What is your address?

What is her last name?

2. Completez chaque phrase avec je sais ou je connais.

Exemple: Je connais Mme. Diakite.Je sais qu'elle est togolaise.

elle a deux enfants.

ses enfants.

son fils s'appelle Moussa.

aussi sa soeur Awa.

elle est tres jc'lie.

pas l'age de Moussa)

mais c'est un bon eleve.

le lycee oa it est en classe.

3. e,..ittez l'adjectif avant ou a?res le nom. Faites attentiona l'accord.

Exemple: (interessant) J'ai une classe.J'ai une classe interessante.

151 157

Page 156: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

(difficile) Nous avons des devoirs.

(petit) une auto.

(joli) Elle a une maison.

(bon) Nous avons un professeur.

(elegant) I1 a une cravate.

(confortable) Its ont un appartement.

(moderne) C'est un batiment.

4. Faites une phrase en utilisant les deux adjectifs. Faitesattention a l'accord.

Exemple: (petit, bleu) C'est une tasse.C'est une petite tasse bleue.

(vieux, gris) C'est mon pantalon.

(vieux, gris) C'est ma voiture.

(premier, interessant) C'est sa phrase.

(petit, blanc) I1 a une maison.

(long, ennuyeux) Its vont voir un film.

152

1 N8

Page 157: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XIV

Passé compose avec avoir

Verbes avec un participe passé irrIgulier

Pace

154

155

Déjà - jamais156

Pas encore156

Pronom objet indirect 156

Texte157

Exercices 158

159

4.53

Page 158: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XIV

PASSE COMPOSE AVEC AVOITi-

In this lesson a past tense is introduced called the passécompose. For most French verbs, this is the most commonlyused past tense. A few typical examples of the passé composewould be sentences like:

Yesterday we ate in town

He visited California lastyear

I have seen "The Godfather". . . . J'ai vu '"Le Parrain".

The only important information isthat at a particular instance ortime in the past, a specific actionwas begun and completed.

Hier nous avons mange enville.

Il a visite la Californielean dernier.

Formation du Passé Compose Avec Avoir

a) You need the present tenseof the verb avoir.

b) You need a special form ofthe verb called the pastparticiple.

The past participle ends in -

Ex.:

6

er verbspar16

parler

j'ai, par16il/elle a par16nous avons par16vous avez 'par16

ils/elles ont par16

iit verbsfini

finir

j'ai finiil/elle a fininous avons finivous avez Miniils/elles ont fini

u

re verbsvendu

vendre

j'ai venduil/elle a vendunous avons venduvous avez venduils/elles ont vendu

Yesterday I visited theNational Museum

Last weekend they playedfootball

Hier, j'ai visite le museenational.

Le week-end fernier (passe)ils ont jou6 au foot-ball.

Did you understand the lesson? . e Avez-vous compris la lecon?

Last Monday we took a tour ofthe town

Lundi dernier nous avonsfait le tour de la ville.

154

160

Page 159: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIV

VERSES AVEC UN PARTICIPE PASSE IRREGULIER

to have avoir eudrink boire. budrive (conduct) conduire conduitknow connaitre connurun courir courusay dire ditwrite 6crire ecritmake faire faitread lire luput (re) mettre misopen ouvrir ouverttake prendre pris

(comprendre/apprendre)

see voir vufollow suivre suivi

LE PASSE COMPOSE A LA FORME NEGATIVE

j'ai mange je n'ai nas mangeit a compris pas comprisnous avons commence nous n' avons nuns commence

elles ont maigri elles n'ont nab, maigri

1 The negative surrounds the helping verb.1

L'INTERROGATIF

When you want to form a 1uestion in the Ras.qi comnos6 by re-versing the order of the pronoun and verb, only reverse thehelping verb.

Avez-vous mange hier soir?A-t-il rencontr6 sa petite amie?Avons-nous rendez-vous chez le dentiste?

Questions formed by using est-ce que do not require any re-arrangement of the position of the verb.

Est-ce que vow:, avez mange hier soir?Est -ce quill a rencontre sa petite amie?

155

4 j 1 6 1

Page 160: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIV

DEJA, JAMAIS

Have you ever visited Zaire? . . . Avez-vous d6jA visitele Zaire?

Avez-vous pris lebateau Dakar- Casablanca?

Avez-vous dva mange duserpent?

Have you ever taken the boatfrom Dakar to Casablanca? . .

Have you ever eaten snake')

A negative answer to the abovequestions would involve theword never.

Note that there are two ?artsto never in French:

The Pas is replaced by jamais.

PA3 ?,NCIRF,

Non, je n'ai 'amais visitele Zaire.

Non, je n'ai jamais pris lebateau.

Non, je n'ai jamais mangedu serpent.

ne jamais

Nousin'lavonsNousIn'javons

as aril le bateau.bateau.jamaisiprisile

have you ever visited Zaire? . . .

Not yet. I plan to go toZaire next month

Jaye you ever eaten snake'

Avez-vous d6jA visite le Zaire:

Pas encore. Je veux allerau Zaire le mois prochain.

Avez-vous ddja mange duserpent?

Not yet. Jut the cook is going Pas encore. Mais le cuisinierto prepare some next Saturday. . va Preparer du sernent

samedi prochain.

PR1Tn 13J ET INOIRECT

You have already encountered the forms:

rive me donnez-:poi . . .

give hi,/her donnez-lui . . .

156

IR2

Page 161: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIV

Here are two more forms of thesame type:

give us Donnez-nous des billets,711 vous nlait.

give them Donnez-leur des livresinteressants.

Here is a list of the pronounsused as indirect object pronouns:

(me) me/moi (us) nous(him) lui (you) vous(her) lui (them) leur

They replace a noun used after apreposition (a, vers, ores de, etc.)and they follow the rules of positiongiven for the direct pronoun: beforethe verb except for the imperative.

Show him your picture

Show me the place

Paul talks to his teacher;he talks to him often

lary calls her parents onthe phone; she calls themat night

Montrez-lui votre photo.

Montrez-moi l'endroit.

Paul parle a son professeur;it lui parle souvent.

Elle telephone a ses parents;elle leur telephone le soir.

TLICTIL

Maman a lair fatiguee ce soir. / Elle est vendeuse dans

un magasin. / Elle a beaucoup travaille aujourd'hui / parce

gu'ils ont fini l'inventaire, / et le patron a mis des affiches

de soldes dans les vitrines. / Maman a aide les clientes a

choisir leurs articles. / Ensuite elle a fait les paquets/ et

elle a rendu la monnaie. / Le patron est heureux, / it a gagne

beaucoun d' argent.157 1F33

Page 162: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

inventory

boss

patrons

change

window

XIV

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

inventaire

patron

clients (clientes)

..... . . . monnaie

to go shopping

clothes

food

to borrow

to lend

vitrine

faire les courses

les vetements

la nourriture

emprunter

ureter

EXERCICES

1. )uel est l'infinitif des participes passes suivants.

Exemple: bu boire

lu

falt

dit

sorti

2. "Iettez au passé co:.pose.

alle

parle

pris

Exemple: Je telephony a mon ami Paul (hier).Hier, j'ai telephone a mon ami Paul.

Je dejeune au restaurant de l'univers!.te (hier).

Jeff travaille jusqu'a minuit (hier soir).

158

1 64

Page 163: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIV

Nous ecoutons la radio (ce matin).

roes parents achetent une nouvelle voiture (l'annee derniere).

Jeanne choisit de la glace comme dessert (a midi).

Je finis mes devoirs (hier soir).

Its regardent le film a la television (dimanche dernier).

3. Repondez A l'affirmatif.

Exemple: Avez-vous fait votre composition?Oui, j'ai fait ma composition.

Avez-vous lu beaucoup de livres pour l'examen?

Avez-vous vu le nouveau stagiaire?

Les etudiants ont-ils repondu a toutes les questions?

Susan a-t-elle porte sa nouvelle robe?

Vos parents ont-il prig l'avion pour aller en Europe?

159

1P15

Page 164: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIV

4. Remolacez le nom avec le pronom objet indirect.

Exemple: Elle montre sa robe a sa soeur.Elie lui montre sa robe.

parle a son fils.

Elle donne la lettre a s. mere.

Nous envoyons des fleurs aux dames.

Je donne la rose a ma mere.

raconte une histoire a mon retit frere et A ma soeur.

Je veux parler au directeur.

160

I R6

Page 165: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XV

Pale

Les verbes conjugues avec atm 163

Les verbes refldchis au passé compose 164

Avant de + infinitif166

Apres + infinitif passé166

Texte167

En scene167

Cowboy Joe le revenant169

Exercices170

Page 166: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

1-.0N

168

Quelques verbes conjuguAs au passe cemposg avec 'etre.

DS 1 1

Page 167: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XV

PASSE COMPOSE AVEC ETRE

As was mentioned before, the majority of French verbs will useavoir as a helping verb in the passé compose. There are, how-ever, exceptions to this rule: a small number of French verbsalways use etre as a helping verb in the passé compose. Thenumber of these verbs is limited, and the list is easily memorized.

They are, for the most part, int:ansitive ver*,s expressing Move-ments that you make from one place to another or a change ofcondition. (Example: 24E1441 - to go away; devenir - to become).It is best simply to learn the following list:

VERBI-, CONJUGUES AVEC ETRE AU PASSE COMPOSE

Infinitif Participe Passé

to come clown descerdre descendu

to come back revenir revenu

to go up, to climb monter monte

to go back retourner retourne

to go out sortir sorti

to cone venir venu

to go aller all

to be born nartre ne

to become devenir devenu

to inter entrer entre

to return home rentrer rentre

to fall tomber tombs

to stay, to remain rester rests

to arrive arriver arrive

to die mourir mort

to leave Partir parti

163

170

Page 168: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XV

Try to memorize them, and use the followingnames as a guLde-line:

Dr. & VandertrampEach of the letters in the above name corresponds to the firstletter of each word in the preceding list and will help you toremember the words.

Examples:

1) The day before yesterday I wentinto the bush with some friends.Avant-hier, je suis alle

. en brousse avec quelquesamis.

2) Nmina came home late last night. . Amine est rentree tardhier soir.

3) We left New York at 9 o'..dockNous sommes partis de Newin the eveningYork A 9h du soir.

4) The tra_ ee'.; stayed homeyesterday Les stagiaires sont restes

chez eux hier.5) When did you arrive here'

Quand est-ce que vows etesarrive ici?

6) I was born on December 27, 1943. . Je suis ne le 27 decembre,1943.

Note: In sample sentence No. 2 above, the past partici2leadds an "e" (just like an adjective) to agree withthe subject which is feminine.

In No. 3 and No. 4 the past participle adds an "s"for the subject is plural.

This "agreement" is characteristic of verbs conjugatedwith "Stre".. The written "e" or "s" does not changethe pronunciation, however.

VERSES REFLECHIS AU PASSE COMPOSE

,t11 reflexive verbs, when used in the passé compost, takeetre.

164 171

Page 169: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XV

VERSES REFLECUIS AU PASSE COMPOSE (suite)

Present

je me lave

it s'amuse

elle s'amuse

nous nous renosons

Passe

je me suis lave

it s'est amuse

elle s'est amusee

nous nous sommes reposes

Note that the past participle changes according to the subject(masculine, feminine or plural). It is treated like anadjective.

LA FORME NEGATIVE AU PASSE COMPOSE

Notice how the negative (ne pas) is usedin the passé compose. It surrounds the help-ing verb, not the past participle.

Affirmatif Negatif

it est arrive it nest pas arrive

nous sommes partis nous ne sommes pas partis

je me suis lave je ne me suis pas lave

ils se sont reposes ils ne se sont pas reposes

LA FORME INTERROGATIVE AU PASSE COMPOSE

When you want to form a questionin the passé compose by reversingthe order of the pronoun and verb,only reverse the helping verb. Thepast participle remains in the sameposition Etes-vous parti a l'heure?

As in other tenses, questionsformed in the passe compose bychanging the intonation or byusing est-ce que do not requi:eany rearrangement of the positionof the verb

165.

Est-ce qu'elle est alleeau cinema?

Vous vous etes reveillede bonne heure?

1 72

Page 170: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XV

AVANT DE + INFINITIF

In French, the expression avant de+ infinitive is very common. TheFrench would prefer to say "beforegoing to bed" instead of "before Igo to bed".

Before I go to bed, I have acup of tea

Before I left the U.S., I soldmy car

The traveler got all the infor-mation before he bought histicket.

Before you leave, clean yourroom.

Note:

Avant d'aller au lit; jearenclaiine tasse de the.

Avant de quitter l'Amerique,j'ai vendu ma voiture.

Le voyageur a nris tous lesrenseignements avantdfacheter son billet.

Avant de oartir, nettyezvotre'chambre.

avant nom

avant de + verbea l'infinitif .

avant la classe, avant le eljeuner

. . avant d'etudier, avant 'Ic manger

APRES + INFINITIF PASSE

I'm going to bed after I have Anres avoir pris une tassea cup of tea. OOOOOO 0 de the, je vais aller aulit.

After he spoke with the direc-tor, he decided to stay.

They went to Cameroon afterthey visited Zaire.

m...,=./NIONNI

Apr avoir parld avec ledirecter, it a decidede rester.

Ils sont alles au Camerounaprls avoir visite lezaire.

Regle: Apres + avoir/etre + participe passé

1,-c

173

Page 171: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XV

LES EXPRESSIONS NEGATIVES

You can make sentences negativeby ?lacing ne pas

ne jamaisne pas encore

around the verb. A number ofother negatives may be used ne rien

ne personnene plus

Pas is never used with these:

There is nothing in the room. . . . Il n'y a rien dans la salle.I have nothing to do Je n'ai rien a faire.She does not sing anymore Elle ne chante plus.We don't know anybody yet Nous ne connaissons encore

personne.

TEXTE

:tier, mon ami Idrissa / est tombe / dans la cour de

116cole. / Il s'est blesse / au bras et au genou. / J'ai

acccmpagne Idrissa / jusqu'au dispensaire. / L'infirmier a

nettoyd les plaies / et it a entoure le bras / et le genou

d'Idrissa / d'une bande de gaze. /

EN SCENE

Prepare a description of your first weekend in Africa usingthe following expressions:

167 .1 74

Page 172: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

xv

to stay at the center

to go to town

to meet someone

to buy something

to go somewhere

to return to the center

to see something

to do something

rester au centre

aller en ville

rencontrer quelqu'un

acheter quelque chose

aller quelque part

revenir au centre

voir quelque chose

faire quelque chose

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Prepare a dialogue between a trainee and a teacher. The teacherasks many questions about just how the trainee joined the PeaceCorns and how he was assigned to his program.

explain

"What's a..."

receive

VOCABULAIRr SUPPLEMENTAIRE

expliquer

qu'est-ce clue c'estqu'un (une)

recevoir

interesting int6ressant

meet rencontrer

publicity publicit6

to undertake, to enlist s' engagerengager

request faire une demande

fill out forms remplir des fiches

"It's a shame." "What a shame." . .c'est dommage or quel dommage

to settle down

168

s' installer

175

Page 173: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XV

COWBOY JOE LE REVE9ANT

Voici l'histoire de ma vie et de ma more. Je suis neen 1845 a Chicago. Je suis alle A l'ecole nais je ne suispas resto longtemps a l'ecole. Pendant la Guerre Civile,je suis entre dans l'armee de l'union. Quand je suis sortide 1'am-de, je ne suis pas retourne A Chicago mais je suisparti au Texas ova je auis devenu cowboy et joueur.

Un jour je suis arrive a Silver City. Au Cow Palace,le bar du village, j'ai rencontre Big Bart, le bandit. Iia dit: "Est-ce clue vous etes venu Dour jouer aux cartes?"Nous avons jouG et j'ai gagne beaucoup d' argent. Mais Bartn'a pas voulu payer. Ii a dit: "J'ai cache un tresor ausommet de la montagne. Allons le chercher." Alors, noussommes months au sommet.

Le lendemain, Bart est descendu de la montagne. Il estrentre dans le bar et it a dit: "Cowboy Joe est mort.est tombe dans la montagne." 'tail ce n'est pas vrai.Maintenant je suis revenu dans ce monde pour dire la verite.

Go to an elderly man or woman in town or in a small villagein the country to which you have been assigned. Ask him or herto tell you about the advantages or disadvantages of age.What can this person no longer do which he or she enjoyeddoing before? What can he or she do now he or she could not dobefore?

Page 174: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XV

EXERCICES

1. Utilisez etre ou avoir avec ces participes passes.

Exemple: tombe etre tombe

a? le venu

pleure bu

parle ne

arrive

retourne

2. 9ettez au passé compose.

traverse

fait

Exemple: Je vais au marche et j'achete dc?s oranges.Je suis alle au marche et j'ai achete desoranges.

J'entre dans la classe et je cis bonjour.

Nous allons a la bibliotheque et nous lisons des journaux.

Paul choisit un bon endroit et se baignes

Je pars tres vite et je ne prends pas mon impermeable.

Betty vient chez moi et elle ecrit des lettres.

Mes parents font un voyage en Europe et ils restentquelques jours a Paris.

170

17 "1

Page 175: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XV

3. Ecrivez des phrases avec avant de.

Exemple: Je fais mes devoirs et jevais au cinema.Je fais mes devoirs avant d'aller au cinema.

Je donne ma composition au professeur et je quitte la classe.

Nous travaillons et nous allons dormir.

Vous etudiez la grammaire et vous faites les exercices.

Helene fait des courses et elle rentre chez elle.

Je dine au restaurant et je vais au theatre.

Vous regardez la vitrine et vous entrez dans le magasin.

4. Ecrivez des phrases avec apres.

Exemple: Vous mangez et vous ecoutez la radio.Vous ecoutez la radio apres avoir mange.

Les etudiants travaillent beaucoupktils s'amusent,

Vous prenez votre petit dejeuner et vous quittez la maison.

Je reflechis et je reponds aux questions.

George demande prix et it achete le livre.

Its ecrivent une lettre et ilsattendent la reponse.

1 1

178

Page 176: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XVI

Page

Lsimparfait'174

Autres ex?ressions avec avoir175

Faire a l'imparfait176

Texte: Les Boutiques de Notre Village 176

En scOrle177

Exercices178

173179

Page 177: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XVI

L'IMPARFAIT

A new tense, l'imparfait (the imperfect) is introduced withthis lesson. Liimparfait is a past tense; it deals withevents or emotions of the past.

The particular characteristic of the imparfait is that it isused for past events or emotions which continued or wererepeatedly done over a period of time.

Avoir and 'etre, which often represent such things as states,emotions, and possession, are usually used in the imparfaitif they are in the past. If you "had" something or you"were" someplace, usually this state continued for some time,

Examples: La maison etait blanche.J'etais tros faticidge-77

Here are some verbs which commonly appear in the imparfait:

to think (Tenser) je pensais

to believe (croire) je croyais

to know (savoir) . je savais

(If you "thought" or "believed" or "knew" something,chances are it was over a period of time.)

to live (habiter) j'habitais

to work (travailler) je travaillais

(If you "lived" somewhere and "worked" at a job, youprobably did it continually for some time.)

Most any verb can appear in the imparfait if it indicatesan action or state which continued (or was repeated) for aperiod of time in the past.

174

Page 178: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVI

Here are the conjugations of several verbs in the imparfait:

jeil/ellenousvousils/elles

travailler

travaillais

etre

etais

Avoir

avais37zr

croire

croyaistravaillaV EVE croyriVtravailliristravailfrer

dagris avrdasWITT'av rgnt

aroyionsetlez6-1-Egnt--......=

croy=travaillOgnt croyErent

REGLE: To form the imperfect tense, add the endings ais, (ais),ait, ions, iez, aient to the first person plural (nous) of thepresent. Note that etre is an exception: nous sommes - retais.

Examples: ou etiez-vous en 1963?

)uand mon pere avait 21 ans, it 6tait a Dakar.

Quand nous etions a l'universite, nous avionsun appartement.

J'avais beaucoup d'amis quand j'habitais New York.

)uand ils etaientieunes, ils moyaient auPere Noel.

AUTRES EXPRESSIONS AVEC AVOIR

I needed money J'avais besoin d'argent.

He needed time I1 avait besoin de temps.

We wanted to learn French . . you:; avions envie d'apprendrele francais,

Its avaient l'habitude deconsulter le dictionnaire.

J'avais peur de la nuit.

Vous aviez raison (tort).

avait de la chance.

They were in the habit of . . .

consulting the dictionary

I was afraid of the dark. . . .

You were right (wrong)

He was lucky

175

181

Page 179: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVI

EXPRESSIONS AVt1C AVOIR (suite)

I was very sleepyJ'avais.tres sommeil.

The child was not ashamed. . . . L'enfant n'avait pas honte.

FAIRE A L'IMPARFAIT

Note how the verb faire is used in the imoarfait when talkingabout yesterday's weather. This is another example of anevent or condition which lasted over a period of time.

Quel temps faisait-il hier?faisait beau. (chaud, froid, humide, etc.)

TEXTE

Les Bcrotisues de Notre Villase

y a deux boutiques / clans notre village. / Quand j4etais

petit -/ Ces boutiques n'Ctaient pas la. / Set, une vieilie

femme / vendait des cigarettes / et des noix de ko3a, /

Aujourd'hui / on trouve du sel,,du sucre I/ des boltes de

conserves / des allumettes, du petroler / et de la biare. /

176

112

Page 180: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVI

EN SCENE

Devoir

The teacher will write a year on the board. For the nextday, 9repare an autobiographical statement in French, givingfacts about yourself for that year. Include:

- where you were- how old you were- whether you were married or single- who you were with (your parents, your wife, etc.)- the profession of your father and your mother- your own profession- whether you had a home,- where it was

whether you (or your family) had a car- any other facts you may want to add

3e ready to present your statement to the class.

Dialogue

Pre9are a dialogue between two trainees concerning the lifeof one of the persuns when he or she was a) in college, b) intechnical scnool, or c) in high school. The di%logue shouldinclude some of the following information:

whether he had an apartment, a house, or a room inthe corm

- whether he had a car or another means of transport- where he was on certain days of the week- what time his classes were- where he was in the evening- etd.

Midway through the discussion, one of the trainees must excusehimself because he mist go to the infirmary. He tells whatis wrong and why he is going to the nurse.

VOCA3ULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

technical School l'ecole techniquesecondary school l'ecole secondaireI must, I have to je dois (4 infinitif)principal .le proviseurdirector le directeurinspector l'inspecteur

f.177

.1 R3

Page 181: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVI

EXERCICES

1. Mettez les phrases A l'imparfait.

Exemnie: Je suis a la maison.J16tais a la maison.

Les stagiaires ont des devoirs.

Les examens sont faciles parfois.

Vous ates assis.

Nous n'avons pas besoin dialler A la banque.

Son auto est en panne.

C'est ma ceinture.

C'est quelle date aujourd'hui?

Zuel age ont-elles?

Vous n'etes pas satisfait.

2. Traduisez.

They were hungry but I was thirsty.

They had a clais at right.

I was in the workshop.

Did you have a roommate?

Was it nice out?

Did you need a lot of money?

170 1F4

Page 182: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVI

3. 116pondez aux questions en francais.

oa habitiez-vous quand vous etiez jeunei

Quel 5.ge aviez-vous en 1960?

/Wiez-vous besoin d'un pullover Kier?

N)uel temps faisait-il la semaine dernire?

Ott ilabitait votre Ilrofesseur avant de ven r au centre?

Il y avait combien de pnrsonnes avec vous A l'aftoport?

En quelle ann6e aviez-vous seize ans?

4. )ue faisaient ces personnel :pendant que vous etiez en class::

Exemple: preparer le rep.;s/la servanteLa servante preparait is repas penCant

que l'etais en classe.

dormir/les bebes

taper un rapport/le secretaire

labourer le champ/le cultivateur

viler le mil/Amina

arracher des dents/le dentiste

Page 183: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XVII

Page

Aimer + infinitif 182

faut OGO 0 183

Pouvoir, devoir, vouloir + infinitif 183

Texte: Les reteR de 1'Independance 186

En scene 186

Appendix 187

Exercices 190

181

R6

Page 184: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XVII

AI "IER + INFINITIF

A very common construction inFrench is of two verbs together. vous allez partir

V045 aimez voyager

There are almost no limits to thenumber of verbs which can occupythe second position, but no matterwhat verb occupies this position,there is one important detail toremember:

The.second verb is always in the infinitive form.

J'aime faire des voyagesen brousse.

Notei aimer + noun Nous n'aimons nas lesdiscours.

Ellen ime oas conduirela nuit.

Jean aime se coucher tard.

I like to go to town J'aime aller en ville.

In French the to is not necessarywith the verb aimer. The secondverb simply follows the first.This is true for most of the verycommon verbs followed by the in-finitive, particularly those youwill study in this lesson:

to like aimer IMALITLIt22012.dimanche.

must, have to devoir Je dos aller chez le medecin.

can, be able to pouvoir Elle ne peut pas sortir cesoir.

wa:... vouloir Its ne veulent pas d'usinenucleaire.

have to, it faut Il faut fermer le centre.it is necessary

to know savair . Il sat nager.

182

1R

Page 185: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVII

to think penser

to prefer preferer

IL FAUT

This expression in French meansabout the same thing as

It is a very common expression.

Note how it may correspond to manydifferent expressions we have inEnglish.

One has to have a passport inorder to go abroad.

You have to have a passport inorder to yo abroad.

You must have a passport inorder to go abroad.

Je pense aller rendrevisite au chef bient6t.

Preferez-vous aller aucinema ou rester A lamaison?

Il est necessai.:e de +infinitive.

faut avoirun passeportpour aller Al'etranger.

Ott faut-il aller pour prendre l'avion?faut aller a l'aeroport Hour prendre l'avion.

faut is often used in Frenchthe way we use "should" in English,especially in recommendation andadvice I1 faut penser avant de

parler.

77=711 taut has PUT7577g---form and a ways stays in the thirdperson singular (as with it y a). . . it faut

The imperfect tense is it fallait

POUVOIR, DEVOIR, VOULOIR + INFINITIF

These forms are somewhat irregularand it would be well to memorizethem.

Note: vouloir + noun Je veux tine calebasse.

183

1R8

Page 186: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

la lignede touche

4.4.,, , . centre Pinter' ' itailier '''',-.. .

1 1 int ,....Vanier : trer..;.,,,, tpuche",11:4,gauchei.7.---:-..:_,..__..Varbi .droit ; .,,..dr) ioittk,e::r.i..., .1 t .'"" ;!11.11 :. ., .1.%: , .e ..-"* 1~' ,ii . :P'''' ' ;...;..3.,,'!Ir,sid!1 'lb! ;pi., ,to,.11.4u.:,..3.7;,,;411, .,:...:,,,,;:,1;:p.*-.;:i J' . 41,0 i;It y i:',";v:!. .,'..:,., (.11 lwAil;4144,,,.,1 r,:t: ..-

(.1 .. 4. 1. I. ..k1 .4. Ft :.% .;1 1,:' i .. .4. N'''':,,,I. 4 f f 'I P. rC.

r .If v" .' fr.; 4-4',:.: . .

4.4",v , 1 t !':.i;.. *.::',i' 7 . `111):L: ' -, .: :

1 :k . r 4 t 4 ez , ,,," l i ' 1 :: it' 1 ' : ; ,,,, °. ,c11,11J E '.. i. . ' ', 4 ' ' .v.- r

,...ci, zvi ., ,1, -. - ...- I .41.. .r r . .

I ' .'1 1

.?!., ; .' i l'::0 'I'. t4' . . ler iv"'

Ile .. . 41 it . "...0 . '',I s....7..:.1 i of

.; t 1:f,1

. It . i 1, 14

1 '. t ., ":r! ,, Liak,:, . -,. t. , , ,.,, , I , . .,.... .. . I fa, # ':SeopotS1/44# III( .: to ..4.j.;.1. le'''''d . ..." " *1 1.c..., e4 '''''''. -ii,l i..,.,;.'.,.1.;t:.;;Ii.. t.iiirr;i.,.ierai.a.1.1 i-centre

'. " , ...411. ..,;4;',::. .,

: 1. ..1 ',..-A..:,.:

iii...;::::f-;;;I:,.,::;;:.!.:LI!.,..,..."

7.;. j::::. ,1!.::. hit:I:14:e'). '"I'.I.:1.1:0.1.i.;. . : !

t.. 1.1 fi:Oqi11. ii , )1 , ' 1,;:J.,; .1 i li : ... .:', i :1 ., 1 . .

1 a Jo" , f l gilt ii to.,;:i 14 ' V li si'' I. C., 1 : : .. ; l'1.0.1,:i bro., ' . I , ..,(, ..

: a . O..' ..si, 1 ' I

.;,1 t..4 ;I. 5411. vairmr-

.f!, :-- I ''''I 11 .. '

a et' i .. ., V , .,.. . 4. it.::, ..'..,-.

, " -, :4-....., r'il'''':1......:-. a

";1 4: , , 1 i ill ...II' .I; 1.1,1,,, 4 , .., ft ear I .: I: ....; I . ,41t.111.

.: s I, -.1 ": ;1; .7

1 ,W!

i'

le in:'..11*.r:, Varriare dioi.i.''''II f :.i ifarriere gaudne.,.

.ti.,:,, ,4..'t , ,t '''' ;t ',..i.i ALI

;C

marquant de but

ER RaIt1.111111E11mum.

ASTI =MI=man wriimmagiuma. 661XMitio opus ownmaw mom NE ma Moo 0111,111111110, X

to filetla gne de u

Page 187: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVII

pouvoir devoir vouloir

je peux dois veux

il/elle peut doit veut

nous pouvons devons voulons

vous pouvez devez voulez

ils/elles peuvent doivent veulent

Je eux acheter une voiture d'occasion facilement.Pouvez-vous m accompagner A 1 a roport?

Je dois aller au chantier maintenant.tious devons travailler pour gagner de ..'argent.

Je veux aporendre a parler le woloff.'loulez -vous venir avec nous?

The verLs pouvoir, vouloir and devoirgenerally describe a state of mind ora set of conditions rather than anaction. Usually the tendency is toput these verbs in the imperfect whentalking about the past, as the condi-tiun exists over a period of time.

Imparfait: pouvoir devoir vouloir

je p)uvais devais voulais

These conjugations in the imperfectare regular.

Hier je voulais aller en ville mais 4e n'avais22..s le temps.

La semainu derniere les staliaires ne pouvaientpas etudier parce qu'ils dtaient tous malades.

Jletais en retard hier parce que je devais voirle dentiste.

Use these different verbs while describing a football game.

N.B. A summary of the rules of the imperfect is given as anappendix to Lesson 17 after the En Scene.

185

Page 188: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVII

TEXTE

Les Fetes de l'Indeoendance

Idrissa et moi / nous voulons aller / la ca2itale

pour les fetes de l'indSpendance. / Nous ne pouvons pas /

partir A pied. / C'est trop loin. / Aussi, nous devons

demander / la permission de mon pere. / Je crois que / nous

allons passer les fetes / ici, au village. /

§ Remplacez Idrissa par un nom de votre pays.

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between a Volunteer and his immediatesuperior. The Volunteer tells abr,,ut a task he tried to ac-complish in his job and a preblem (or problems) he encountered.The superior discusses the problems and gives the Volunteeradvice on what he can or must do to solve them and carry outthe task.

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

to love.; love; friendship aimer; amour; amitie

it is necessary it faut

to have to devoir

to be able to; possibility MITILE; 2221112Alite

to want to; will; testament . . . voulr; volonte; testament

to have difficulty avoir des difficultes

to resolve a problem r6soudre un probleme

I'm willing to je veux bien

136 191

Page 189: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Appendix to Lesson XVII

1. SUMMARY OF THE IMPARFAIT CONJUGATION

You have already seen the imparfait forms of etre and lvoir.

'ftaisil, elle dtait

j'avaisil, elle avait

These same endings

nous etionsvous etiez

elles etaient

nous avionsvous aviezils, elles avaient

-ais-

-ions-art -iez

-aient

can be applied to any French vc to form the imparfait.

je parlais, parlait, nous parlions, etc.je dansais, dansait, nous dansions, etc.le oouvais, i i nouvait, nous pouvions, etc.l'6coutais, it acoutait, nous ecoutions, etc.

Irregular verbs (boire, finir, lire, etc., see Lesson X)can be a little tricky, however.To form the imparfait for 'these verbs,' you must takethe nous forms of the present, knock off the -cas, andform the imparfait from the stems that are lef7

Infinitive Nous form Imparfait

boire nous buvons 1.9 buvais

finir nous finissons it finissais

lire nous lisons je lisais

venir nous venons !.z venais

Whenever you are in doubt about any verb in the imparfa;always form it from the nous stem. This will always bethe correct form.

187

Page 190: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Appendix to Lesson XVII (cont'd.)

II. SUMMARYSIMARY OF THE DIFFERENT USES OF THE PASSE COMPOSE ANDI'.!PARFAIT TENSES.

1. Passé Compose

The passé compose is generally used to describe aparticular action, done once, at a particular time.

Hier soir j'ai lu un bon livre.Samedi dernier, nous avons joud au football.L'et6 dernier George est all6 Dakar.

The time of the action need not always be defined,and the action may even be of some duration, if itis clear that we are simply talking about havingaccomplished such and such a thing.

J'ai travaille a Boston.

"I worked in Boston." It is not important when, orfor how long. I simply want to express that I havedone it. The passe compose is appropriate here.

2. Imparfait

The imparfait is used in several different situations'.n the past:

A. It expresses habitual actions of the past.

Warm& derniere nous allions au cinema tousles dimanches.

Quand Petals jeune, je dansais beaucoup.Quand nous etions au Colorado, nous montions

souvent a cheval.

B.. The imparfait can be used if you wish to outemphasis on the fact that you were doing some-thing over a period of time.

Quand 'Bill 6tait a l'universite, l etudiaitla biologie.

Pendant mes deux annees en Afrique, je travaillaisen brousse.

En 1965, sa famille habitaip A New York.

188

193

Page 191: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Appendix to Lesson XVII (cont'd.)

C. The imparfait is used to describe an action goingon in the past which is interrupted by anotheraction.

Je dormais quand it est arrive.''la mere preparait le diner quand je suis rentreePendant que nous regardions la television, le

teleohone a sonne.

D. Verbs which express a state (either physical ormental) or a condition, are normally used inthe imarfait. These verbs, such as

etre croireavoir nenservouloir desirerpouvoir espererdevoir savoir etc.

generally represent an idea of duration - athought or sentiment which has continuity overa ;period of time.

Hier, j'etais malade.A Kansas City, nous avions un grand appartement.Je croyais clue Jim venait a trois heures,Bob ne voul !.t pas aller au cinema.Its ne ,ouvaient :)as terminer le travail.

189

1 n4

Page 192: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVII

EXERCICES

1. Remplacez l'imperatif par it + infinitif.

Exemple: Travaillez pour vos examens.faut travailler pour vos examens.

Reflechissez avant de repondre.

Lisez la legon avant de faire l'exercice.

Venez deux fois au laboratoire.

Finissons nos devoirs avant la sortie.

Prenez l'autobus pour rentrer chez vous.

Apprenez beaucoup de vocabulaire.

Faisons des courses pendant le week-end.

2. Repondez aux questions a la forme negative.

Exemple: Pouvez-vous prater votre cahier a Paul?Non, je ne neux pas prater mon cahier 4 Paul.

Est-ce qu'on peut travailler en regardant la television?

Las etudiants peuvent-ils parler pendant un examen?

Betty peUt-elle rentrer chez elle en autobus?

Est-ce que vous voulez nager quind it pleut?

190 15

Page 193: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVII

Sarah veut-elle aller a cette conference?

Guy et Steve veulent-ils diner ce soir du restaurant?

Voulez-vous vendre votre maison?

3. Nostalgie: Dites ce que chaque membre de la faminefaisait quand la mere est revenue de la ville.

wand maman est rentree de la ville -

j'(ecrire) une lettre

le voisin (tondre) la delouse

ma soeur (dreparer) le dejeuner

non netit frere (jouer) aux biller

le chat (courir) apres les :couches

le chien (se reposer) sous la table

Papa (lire) les journaux

4. Comdletez les phrases avec la forme correcte et le bontemps du verbe avoir.

la soeur

Son amie et elle

J'

16 ans.

neur de ne as reussir I l'examen.

froid hier, parce qu'il nleuvait.

191

1 6

Page 194: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVII

Vous raison, c'est Bien Robert Redford!

Its n' ?as honte de voler les'vieilles damesavant d'aller en prison.

Nous allons besoin de notre voiture ce soir.

5. Conjuguez le verbe vouloir salon le sujet de la phrase.

Rlles devenir mOdecins.110

Jean apprendre a danser.

Nous prdparer un diner africain.

Mon pore ne pas mlecouter.

Amina acheter un nouveau pagne.

192

3 9 "I

Page 195: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XVIII

Page,

Les partitifs 194

Expressions de guantite 194

De apres une forme negative 197

En 197

Texte: Mon Oncle Dadou 199

En scene

Exercices 201

200

193

188

Page 196: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XVIII

LES PAT TITIFS

Compare the two sentences below:

ar Je bois la biere Heineken.

b) Je bois de la blare.

In sentence (a), the definite article (le, la, les) is usedbecause you are talking about a specific orIrdefinites kindof beer.

In sentence (b), another form, based on the word de must beused because here you are not talking about a specific beer;you are talking about beer in general.

This de 4. article is used when you refer to commodities orproducts ingnsEl.

Study the following examples:

Je mange des oranges. (general)

Je mange les oranges de Californie. (specific)

boit du café. (general)

boit le café Maxwell House. (specific)

Vous prenez du jus au petit dejeuner. (general)

y a du the dans ma tasse. (general)

Je prefere le jus de tomate. (specific)

N.B. One major exception to the above usage is the verb aimer.Aimer is always followed by the definite article,, whetherthe commodity Is specific or general.

J'aime la biere.

Jaime la blare Heineken.

EXPRESSIONS DE WANTITE

You have already seen how, in many cases, the word de is usedwith the definite article, resulting in the forms du, de la,de l', and des.

194

9

Page 197: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVIII

Je bois du rhum.

C'est un livre de la bibliotheque.

Donnez-moi de l'eau s'il vous plait.

J'ai des amis en Californie.

There are also several situations where the de is used by itself,completely without the article. One of these you have alreadyencountered: the article is almost never used with names oftowns.

II est de Kinshasa.

Je suis originaire de New York.

Les rues de Niamey sont tres largess

Another case where de is used by itself is in fixed expressionsof quantity. These expressions are very common in French;here are some examples:

lots of beaucoup de

a little un peu de

too much, too many trop de

enough assez de

pretty much, pretty many has mal de

a bottle of une bouteille de

a cup of une tasse de

a pack of un paquet de

a box of un carton de

2 kilograms of deux kilos de

a sack of un sac de

Sample sentences:

y a beaucoup de cafe en Cetea'Ivoirb.

J'ai beaucoup d'amis au Senegal.

Il a don assez de travail.

195

200

Page 198: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

I4

Page 199: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVIII

a trop de voitures A Paris.

J'ai commando un sac de riz, un kilo d'arachides, deuxbottes de lait concentro, une bouteille de whisky, etpas mal d'autres choses.

OE APRES UNE FORME NEGATIVE

A third case where de is used by itself is after a negativeverb. In this situation, de will replace un, une, or anycombination of de + article in the affirmative sentence.

(affirmative) Je bois du café le matin.

(negative) Je ne bois as de café le matin.

(affirmative) J'ai une maison en Californie.

(negative) Je n'aiipas de maison en Californie.

(affirmative) Il y a des fruits sur la table.

(negative) I1 n'y a pas de fruits sur la table.

(affirmative) Its nosent des questions anras la classe.

(negative) Its ne posent pas de questions apres la classe.

EN

The word en has already been seen as a preposition (en Afrique,en brousse, etc.). It has another very common usage in French.

French speakers will leave a word out of a sentence when it isclear what they are talking about. One of the words they putin its Mace is en.

En may be used in French to renlace:

a) a noun introduced by a number (trois freres, six pommes,etc.)

b) a noun introduced by any . (du rhum, des nommes,form of de de 1 eau, etC7--

c) a noun with an adjective (LinfLnamiIL9)

202197

Page 200: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVIII

Examples:

a) I have three brothers J'ai trois freres.

I have three (of then) J'en ai trois.

He ate two apples Il a mange deux porames.

He ate two (of them) Il en a mangS deux.

h) I have many brothers J'ai beaucouo de freres.

I have many (of them) J'en ai beaucoup.

I drink rum often Je bois du rhum souvent.

I drink some often J'en bois souvent.

They need books Its ont besoin de livres.

They need some Its en ont besoin.

He talked about the film. . . . Il a parle du film.

He talked about it Il en a oarlo.

c) She has a red dress Elle a une robe rouge.

I have a green one J'en ai une verte.

The secretary has a new La secretaire a une nouvelleelectric typewriter machine electrique.

I have an old one J'en ai une vieille.

Obviously, en would only be used ina situation where both the speakerand the listener know what is beingtalked about. Itostly, en is usedsimply to avoid repetition.

198

Avez-vous des freres?Oui, j'en ai.

2 ci 3

Page 201: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVIII

Here ale some more sample sentences.Notice that en is always said beforethe verb but after the 'ne', iresentence is negative.

Combien de freres avez-vous?J'en ai trois.

Voulez -vous du rhum?Oui, j'en veux.

orNon, je n'en veux nas.

Avez-vous mange des poeilmes?Oui, j'en ai maa e.

orNon, mange.

Avez-vous trouve des bonnesplaces?

Non, je n'en ai pas trouv6.

Il y a assez de chaises dansla classe?

Non, it n'y en a pas assez.

Il y avait combien destagiaires dans la salle?n'y en avait nas.

TEXTE

Mon Oncle Badou

Mon oncle Badou / est tres vieux, / mais quand it etait

jeune / it aimait faire la chasse. / Il y avait / beaucou?

d'animaux / dans la fort / qui entourait son village.

n'a plus de fusil / mais a cette epoque / it en avait deux. /

199

2114

Page 202: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVIII

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between an African teacher and a trainee.The two are in the process of eating a traditional Africandinner; while eating, they discuss what is eaten and/ ordrunk in their respective countries.

VOCABULAIRE SUPPLEMENTAIRE

pass me passez-moi

drink une boissona preferred

nrefara(e)dish un nlat

during pendant

spices des apices

red pepper, pimento du piment

salt and pepper sel et poivre

the check 19addition

a mistake une erreur

waitor le garcon

+++++++++++++++

Find out what the traditionnal meal etiquette is in your area,What do you do when you are invited over for a meal?Should you reciprocate

200

2115

Page 203: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVIII

EXERCICES

1. Repondez a la forme negative.

Exemple: Prenez-vous de la blare au petit dejeuner?Non, je ne prends pas de blare.

Avez-vous de l'argent a la banque?

Fait-on du ski en ete?

Prenez-vous du lait au diner?

I de la soupe pour le petit dejeuner?

Avons-nous des exercices pour detain?

Prend-on du dessert au debut du repas?

2. R6pondez aux questions a la forme affirmative.

Exemple: Prenez-vous de la biere au petit dejeuner?ui, j'en nrends.

Y a-t-il de l'eau sur le bureau du professeur?

`flange -t-on de la confiture avec la viande?

Notre mare a-t-elle de la patience?

201

206

Page 204: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVIII

Avez-vous de l'imagination?

Vos parents ont-ils des voitures?

3. Employez en ou leur quand it Taut.

Exemple: J'ai peur du professeur.J'en ai peur.

Nous offrons des fleurs rouges.

Elle montre des robes a ses amies.

Elle essaie des chapeaux.

Vous achetez des billets.

Vous achetez beaucoup de jouets pour vos enfants.

Elle a recu une lettre de ses parents.

Je prends des fruits frais.

4. Mettez toutes les r6ponses du No. 3 au passé compose.

Exemple: J'en ai peur.J'en ai eu peur.

202ari7

Page 205: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XVIII

EXERC ICES

5. Traduisez.

Un Dimanche Tranquille

Yesterday was Sunday and I had a lot of free time.

It was a gorgeous day. I went to the market in the morning

and I bought some fruit and vegetables and some meat.

Before going back home, I called on my boss who lives

in town near the market.

In the afternoon, two friends and a few kids came

to my house. Iy friends brought some records with them.

Jean-Pierre drank a beer but Moussa asked for a cup of coffee.

We talked about Stevie Wonder, the world at war, and

last year's famine in the North. They invited me to go

dancing with them next Saturday. I accepted. They left

about five fifteen. We had a good time.

203 208

Page 206: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XIX

Page

On 206

Tu 206

Pronoms adverbials Y et EN 207

Tableau recapitulatif 209

y a + imparfait 211

Geographie 211

Le futur 213

La proposition subordonnee de condition 214

Texte: Retour a l'ecole 215

En scene 215

Exercices 217

205

20 9

Page 207: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XIX

ON

For a review of the French word on, see Lesson VII. It mightalso be mentioned at this point that where the French use onin a sentence, we often use the passive voice in English.For example:

They speak French here.or (passive) On parle fransais

French is snoken here.

They drink a lot of winein France. On boit beaucoup de vin

or en France.Much wine is drunk in France.

(passive)

People eat at noon.or

1/e' eat at noon. (passive)On mange a midi.

They like soul music in Africa.or On aime bien la niusique

Soul music is well liked in 'soul' en Afrilae.Africa. (passive)

As is evident, on has many idiomaticusages in French. It can be substi-tuted for nous, vous, il(s), elle(s),according to context. The best wayto become familiar with them issimply to listen to French speakersand try to use on the way they do.

TU

Throughout the pest weeks, you have used the pronoun vous totranslate !you' - it is used in the majority of situationsoutside your home:

with your directorwith anybody in an official postwith people in shopswith your colleagues at work

Vous is used as a singular in polite or formal usage and asa plural.

In French, when people are talking to a member of their family,to a very close friend, or a very young child, they use the toform. As a stranger, you should mostly use the vous form.

206

210

Page 208: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

It is best to let someone tell youOn va se tutoyer. (or)

You can say 'tug Tu peux me tutoyer.

rather than offend someone by beingtoo familiar.

Example -

to a small child Tu vas bien, Moussa?

to a young person who is becom-ing a close friend Tu veux venir avec moi?

Here are the forms for the 3 basicverbs:

8tre

tu es

aller

tu vas

avoir

tu as

Note the ending of the tu form isalways 51 except in the impera-tive for -er verbs.

Example:

The reflexive form;

Note: The different forms of this2nd person pronoun are:

Donne-lui to place.

Tu te laves.Te laves-tu?Lave-tole.Ne te lave pas:

sujet

tu

complement

te toi

PRONOMS ADVERB IALS Y ET EN=ell

The French word y can be used to replace -

a) the preposition a (or any of its combination forms:au, a la, aux or a 1') + the noun which follows.

b) any other preposition of place:

207

21j

Page 209: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

In French, if you want to avoid repeating the place mentionedin the question, you have to use x.

Allezt.lroutvA la ?Oui, y vais.

(or) Non, e n'y vais pas.

Elle entre dans la classe?

°13176157-7(or) ir!yentrepatR5nit-ine-i2.

(or)

Are you thinking of your family?Yes, I am thinking of them.No, I'm not thinking of (or)

them.

Les stagiaires sont aurefectoire?

Oui, ils y sont.Non, ils n'y sont pas.

Pensez-vous a la famille?.2LLL11:L=T't.N641,ISiiiense pas.

Allez-vous chez Paul ce soir?Non, je n'y vais pas.

The Placement of en and z in differ-ent tenses, like the personal pronounsle, la, les and the reflexive pro-nouns, precede the verb except inthe affirmative imperative, e.g. - Allons-y.

Allons-nous-en.

(right before theverb)

(right before thehelping verbl .

(between the vaisand the verb) .

PresentJe me couche.

Passe ComposeJe me suss couche.

Futur Proche. . Je vais me coucher.

En and Y are placed in the same manner.

PresentIl en mange.

y travaille.Passe Compose

Il en a mange.Il v a travaille.

Futur Proche.va en manger.va y travailler.

208

212

Page 210: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

TABLEAU RECAPITULATIF DE L'EMPLOI DES PRONOMS COMPLEMENTSDIRECTS, ET INDIRECTS

DIRECT

le .... le mon... ce...ton.... cet....son

notre (masc.).-

Monsieur._

> le 1

la.. l'... > la 18

les... .. les

Ex: je lis les journaux.je les lis.

Ex: Vous connaissez mon ',ere?Oui, je le connais.

ma.... EX: Avez-vous vu ma soeur:ta..... cette......

sa

notrevotreleur _

la 1

oui, je vue dehors.

Madame .

Mademoiselle .......

Ex: voila Madame Thiam.oa: Je ne la vois pas.

ces.ses.. -

lesnos_vos. _ _leurs.......M. et Mme._-__.

.Ex: qui a mange, mes petits gateaux secs?

Ahmed les a manges ce matin.

209'

213.

Page 211: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

INDIRECT

lui aux. )1eurA la_ (176Tsonne singulier, (personnes

ou fem.) piuriel)

Ex: Il offre un cadeau a sa femme.lui offre un cadeau

de 1!....du. .s en ... Je reviens de la poste.de la._ ' J'en reviens.des...

un --- en ... unune --- en .4. unedeux -- en ,.. deux

un gros en un gros(adjectif)

une belle en une belle

Ex: Its achetent du bon vin.Ils en achatent du bon.

:un peu (de) en .... un peubeaucoup (de) en .... beaucoupplusieurs en .... plusieurstrop (de) en .... tropassez (de) en .... assez

Ex: Je regois plusieurs lettres par semaine.J'a,a regois plusieurs par semaine.

quelques (masc.) quelques-unsquelques (fem.) quelques-unes

en (lieu)...au... ...a la..-..aux....a....chez....par.....

(lieu)et

y (chose)

Ex; Elle achete des fruits au marche, le matin.Elle.i_ach6te des fruits.

je pense souvent A ce film.jpense souvent:.:

210'

2r4....

11.

Page 212: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

IL Y A + IUPARFAIT

The expression it y a....followedby a period of time (un an, six mois,cinq minutes + imperfect indicatesan action or state which began inthe past and was still r!oing on ata certain moment in tile past.

Six months ago, I was inAmerica

Three days ago, I was a littlesick

Where were you, three weeksago'

GEOGRAPHIE

Il y a six mois, Petalsen Amerigue.

Il y a trois jours, petaisun peu

y a trois semaines, o1dtiez-vous?

The names of all countries in French show gender. You mustuse the article (le or la) with the name of the country inFrench.

A general rule for figuring out a country's gender is: ifthe name of the country ends in e, it is feminine:

La FranceLa ChineLa Haute-VoltaLa Cote d'IyoireLa Guinee

If the name of the country ends in any other letter, it'smasculine.

Le MaliLe BeninLe NigerLe SenegalLe Nigeria

Exceptions include:

and

Le MexiqueLe Zaire

Les Etats-Unis

(masculine)

(plural)

211

215

Page 213: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

Note how French uses the article with the country whereEnglish would not.

Le Niger _a beaucoup de nomades.Je n'ai as encore visits le Tchad.Le Togo est situe entre le Benin et le Ghana.

To say 'in', 'at' or 'to' a feminine country, use en withoutthe article.

Je vais en France.Its habitent en Chine.Ouagadougou est en Haute-Volta.

To say 'in', 'at' or 'to' a masculine country, use au or aux.

Je vais au Mali.travaille au Benin.

ADjimana, est au Tchad.Nous sommes aux Etats-Unis.

Remember, however, that cities do not normally have gender andare not used with articles.

Dakar est la capitale du Senegal.

To say 'in', 'to' or 'at' a city, use A.To say 'from' a city, use de.

Beaucoub de volontaires travaillent A Lome.J'ai un camarade qui vient de Bamako.

Below is a chart to help sum up the information corained inthe above. Ysk.

masculine

countries

feminine

cities

'in' 'at' 'to'

au(au Mali)

en

'from'

du(du Mali)

de(en France)

a(A Dakar)

(de France)

.

de(de lifigkar)

Page 214: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

The directions in French are:

nordsud

ouestest

Ott' se trouve s e Niger par rapport au B6nin?_Le Niger se trouve au nord du Benin.

in relation to par rapport a

Les Etats des Etats-Unis

l'Alabama (m.)l'Alaska (m.)l'Arizonal'Arkansas (m.)la Californiela Caroline du Nordla Caroline du Sudle Coloradole Connecticutle Dakota du Nordle Dakota du Sudle Delawarela Floridela GeorgieHawaii.l'Idaho (m.)l'Illinois (m.)

l'Indiana (m.)l'Iowa (m.)le Kansasle Kentuckyla Louisianele Mainele Marylandle Massachusettsle Michiganle Minnesotale Mississippile Missourile Montanale Nebraskale Nevadale New Hampshirele New Jersey

le New Yorkle Nouveau Mexique1' Ohiol'Oklahoma (m.)l'Oregon (m.)la Pennsylvaniele Rhode Islandle Tennesseele Texasl'Utah (m.)le Vermontla Virginiela Virginie Occidentalele Washingtonle Wisconsinle Wyoming

LE FUTUR

Another tense is presented in this lesson/ the .suture. Itsuse is similar to the English future, and it is often replacedby the futarproche (aller + infinitive) (see Lesson XIII).Actually, in French you have a choice between the future andthe futur proche; both mean about the same thing.

To form the future, add the following endings tothe infinitive of any verb:

(je)

(tu)(elle /il)

(nous)(vous)

(elles/ils)

aiasaonsezont

The -re verbs drop the final e before adding the future endings.

2132 1 7

Page 215: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

This system works for most verbs in the French language.

finir EMIKFRE

je finirai regarderaito finiras EgIAL012elle/il finira k§qAtLtA--nous finirons regarderonsvous finircz regArderezelles/ils finiront regarderont

boire

boiraiboirasboira

boirezboiront

One complication with the future is the number of irregularverb forms in the future. Among the more common are:

VERB FUTURE FORM

avoir l' auralLitre je seraialler jqraiouvoir e nourraievo r e devrai

recevoir e recevraivouloir e voudraisavoir je sauraifaire 'e feralvoir le verraivenir le_yiendrai

LA PROPOSITION SUBORDONNEE DE CONDITION

If I have a care I will go tothe Ivory Coast at Christmas. . .

If you can get a car, wherewill you go?

If Jean is tired, will he godancing tonight'

REGLEVIIIMIIIIMMANIN.11=11=1"

Si j'ai une voiture, j'irai. en Cote drIvoire A No61.

Si vous pouvez avoir unevoiture, oil irez -vous?

Si Jean est fatique, est-cequ'il ira dancer ce soir?

When the subordinate 'if' clause is in the 2resent,the nrincipal clause is in the present or the future.

Ex: Si vous venez, nous mangeons A 6h. (habitude)Si vous venez, nous mangerons a 6h. (consequence)

214

Page 216: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

T27TE...........

Retour a L'Ecole

Detain les vacances seront terminees. / Je prendrai

le car / pour retourner en ville / chez mon uncle. / J'y

habiterai / pendant llannee scolaire. / :1 y aura / beaucoup

de choses / A faire / et j'aurai beaucoup de travail / a

116cole., /

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between a Volunteer and his African counter-oart. The Volunteer is about to go on vacation and the two arediscussing his itinerary and plans for the trio. The counter-virt has already visited one of the places the Volunteer isManning to see; he tells when he visited there, what there wasto see and do, and gives a few hints to the volunteer on hissto?over at that ?lace.

VOCABULNIRE StE)PLEMENTAIRE

I'll stop over at Je ferai escale A....

I'll soend several days in Je passerai nlusieursjours 1

(six months, one year, etc.) ago . . it y a (six mois, un an,etc.)

job contract

salary

vacation days

on strike

unemployment

215

un contrat de travail

le salaire; la oaie

les jours feri6s

en grey°

le ch6mage

Page 217: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

DEVOIR

You will be given a map of a country in class and asked to?relare a report on that country, to be presented in classthe next day.

Include the following information in your presentation.

le nom du paysle capitaleles villes principalesles regions

les produits de chaque regionles lanves de chaque regionles cours cieaules froriiieres (les pays voisins)

Prepare a special detailed report on one particular regio orcity of the country.

See map of Africa at beginning of book.

+++++++++++++++++++++++

:rite a little presentation about your work or what you aregoing to do with the Africans in the coming months.

4

220

Page 218: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

EXERCICES

1. Repondez affirmativement en utilisant IL pour remplacerle lieu.

Exemple: Allez-vous en classe?.Oui,aiLy2is

Votre mere est-elle la maison?

Allez-vous au travail ce matin?

Les passagers dorment-ils dans l'avion?

Allez-vous manger au restaurant aujourd'hui?

Est-ce quo les enfants jouent au jardin?

Habitez-vous en ville?

Venez-'sous ae oser le verre sur la table?

2. Choisissez entre les nronoms le, la, les, x, en, celui quiconvient pour la reponse. Utilisez seulement un pronom.

Exemple: Avez-vous trouv4 votre livre?Oui, je l'ai trouve.

Est-ce clue vous 5tes alle au chantier?

Le stagiaire rt -t -il trouve son nortefeuille?

Ecrivez-vouI beaucoup de lettres?

217 221

Page 219: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

Avez-vous vu Jeanine?

'dui a achete les pochoirs de Susie?

Est-ce clue vous allez manger du serpent?

3. Iffirmez votre volonte en repondant A ces ordres.

Exemple: Ne me regardez pas.Je vous regarderai.

'To faites pas cola.

Ne rendez pas ce stylo.

le ?renez pas trod de temps.

Tenvoyez pas ce paquet.

NI4crivez pas cette lettre.

Ne venez pas ce soir.

Ne suivez pas cette route.

4. Mettez ces phrases au futur.

Exemple: J'ai t6lephone quand je suis arrive.Je t616phonerai quand j'arriverai.

Pierre a trouve sa c16 quand ii est revenu.

Les enfants ont ri quand its ont regard le film.

Elle a pris son billet quand elle est all6e A l'aeroport.

Its ont ferme la Porte A old quand ils sont partis.

218 222

Page 220: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XIX

Il a fait reparer la machine -Is qu'elle stest casile.

On a installe le telephone des que nous sommes arrives.

5. Dites oa vous etiez et ce que vous faisiez -

it y a deux mois.

ii y a une heure.

it y a un an.

it y a une serlaine.

219

223

Page 221: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XX

Page

Le conditionnel 222

Le subjonctif 223

Texte 224

En scene 224

Exercices 227

221

224

Page 222: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LECON XX

LE CONnITION\IEL

Once again, as with the future tense, for most verbs theconditional endings are simply added to the infinitive.

je ranger + ais je mangerais(11). . 71anger , +.. ait. .. il mangerait-(nous) manger + ions == nous mangerions(vous) ..nanaer. ..+. wiez ..= ..... vous nangeriez(ifs) nanaer + aient = ifs mangeraient

. finirais, finirait,.elIes finiraientregarder je re5arderais, ii regarderait, ifs regarderaient

V N,

Note that the above conjugations for finir and milEier areall pronounced ali':e.

-re verbs drop the e before adding the conditional endings:

boireattendre

jeboirais, it hoirait, nour boirions, etc.l!attendrais, it .ittenclrait, none attendrions, etc.

Also, all the verbs that are irregular in the future, are4_rre7u._ . in the ,tonditional in exactly the same way.

1.7"-723 CDMITIO'TAL TOT!

avoir j'aurais, il.aurait, nous aurions, etc.gtre jiLserais, if-serait, nous serions, etc.filer j'irais, il irnit, nous irions, etc.______nouvoir le nourrais, it nourrait, nous nourrions, etc'.devoir le .levrais, il devrait, nous devrions, etc.vouloir je voudrais, il voudrait, nous voudrions, etc.g5;rofr )e saurais, il saurait, nous saurions, etc.faire. je ferais, it ferait, nous Eerions, etc.voir je verrais, il errait, nous verrions, etc.venir leviendrais, il viendrait, nous viendrions, etc.

The conditional tense has two main uses in French:

a) to show nolitene3s

4ould you like something Voudriez-vous quelqueto drink'' chose A boire?

'Iny I hem') ;rou) nafizslmr je nourraisvous ailer?

I woull like to leave no4 Je voudrais nartirmaintenant.

2;22225

Page 223: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XX

b) to illustrate a situation contrary to fact in an 'if'sentence. A contrary to fact condition is one thatcannot or presumably will not be fulfilled.

IThe imperfect tense is used in the 'if' sentence andthe conditional tense is used in the main clause toexpress the result.

Example: Si "etais vous, je partirais.(imperfect) (conditional)

If I were you, I would leave.

Other examples:

Si le trouvais son adresse, je lui ecrirais.Si vous me demandiez mon avis, je diraisSi j'avais un million de dollars, je ferais le

tour du monde.Si vous 6tiez ici, je serais tres content.Si Jean etudiait ses lecons, it n'aurait pas

de problemes en classe.Si nous avions le temps, nous irions avec vous.

LE SUBJONCTIF

In modern French, the subjunctive mood is always used with aword or group of words which come before it in the sentence,e.g., it faut que - pour que - bien que - vouloir titrecontent que.

The stems of the present subjunctive can be derived bydropping the ending of the ils/elles forms of the presentindicative.

ils regardent regardils revivent reloivils viennent vfenn

endin4s are

jeto esil/elle J-

nousvousils

ionsiezent

(like the

imperfect)

Examples:

tevot.eicetteimaeJeensel.image.faut que nous telephonions A nos ,parents.

POIEez cette lettre \rite pour qu'ils la recoiventdemain.

223

226

Page 224: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XX

With the verbs vouloir, insister, etre content, avoir peur -if the subject of the main clause and the subject of thesubjunctive clause are the same, an infinitive is used.

Je suis content de vous voir.EUes ont peur d'etre en retard.Il a insist pour faire ce travail lui-meme.

Note: Some irregular verbs also have irregular subjunctivesyou must memorize.

etre - que 4e soisWarr - clue j'aiealler - quej'aillefaire - que je fasse

Example: Je suis content quill fasse du bon travail.

TEXTE

Si Petals riche / je ferais un voyage / en avion. /

J'irais aux Etats-Unis / pour voir les "cowboys" / et je

rapporterais / beaucoup de cadeaux / pour ma famille / et

pour mes amis. Ce serait formidable!/

EN SCENE

Prepare a dialogue between a volunteer and a clerk (civilservant). The Volunteer wants to get a driver's license forthe country where he is serving. Include the following:

Questions about personal history (date of birth, placeof birth, nationality, etc.)

Questions about reasons for being in the country (job,situation, etc.)

224

227

Page 225: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XX

En Scene (suite)

Questions about the length of stay in the country.

Questions about the Volunteer's reasons for wantinga driver's license.

VOCABULAIRE 3UPPLEMENTAIRE

driver's license un permis de conduire

medical visit une visite medicale

valid valable

expired, out of date perimd

a form une fiche

driving school une auto-dcole

I would like je voudrais

expensive cher

bargain bon marchd

on sale d'occasion

Is it of good quality') C'est de bonne qualitel

price le prix

to bargain marchander

to increase augmenter

to decrease diminuer

change (noun) la monnaie

+++++++++++++++++++++++

INCIDENT CRITITIE

Torn, nouveau volontaire du corps de la naix, dolt commencer Aenseigner le premier octobre. Il arrive A son poste quelquesjours avant et trouve n'y a pas de maison nour lui.va voir le Sous-Prdfet et lui explique que le gouvernement estresponsable de son logement et qu'il ne 2eut pas travaillerjusqu'a ce qu'il regoive un logement. I1 ddcide de retournerA la caoitale.

225 228

Page 226: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XX

INCIDENT CRITIQUE (suite)

Questions:

- Que feriez-vous si vous etiez a la place de Tom?

Retourneriez-vous A la capitale? Rentreriez-vousaux Etats-Unis?

Que pensez-vous de la decision de Tom?

Pensez-vous rencontrer des difficultea dans votretravail ici?

- Qu'est-ce qu'il vous faut faire on cas dedifficulte?

Seriez-vous desole d'apprendre que votre posteest annule?

226

229

Page 227: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XX

EXERCICES

1. Repondez aux questions au conditionel.

Si vous etiez Mark Spitz (natation jeux olympiques 1972),-

feriez-vous encore de l'entratnement?

vous seriez-vous marie?

feriez-vous de la publicite commerciale?

seriez-vous acteur de cinema?

travailleriez-vous come commentateur a la tel6vision?

vendriez-vous vos medailles?

2. Completez ces phrases avec vos reactions personnelles.

Si je n'etais pas en Afrique maiAtenant,

Si je n'habitais pas au centre,

Si j'avais 16 ans,

Si Petais marie,

Si Petais le directeur du stage,

227 230

---

Page 228: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

XX

3. Mettez les phrases suivantes au subjonctif formeinterrogative ou ndgative.

Je suis content(e) que ma soeur (arriver) bientat.

Je voudrais que to (prendre) l'avion.

Je suis ddsold(e) que vous (6t,,e) malade.

J'ai hAte que l'artiste (finir) mon portrait.

Je suis ravi(e) que Jean Le Blond vous (emmener) A la c ;are.

Je suis triste quo vous no (venir) pas avec nous.

228

231

Page 229: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

TABLEAUX RECAPITULATIFS

Page,

Les temps 230

Les formes interrogatives 232

Les adjectifs possessifs 232

Les adjectifs demonstratifs 233

Les pronoms personnels 233

229

2R2

Page 230: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

TABLEAUX RECAPITULATIFS DE QUELQUES STRUCTURES GRAMMATICALES

LE PRriSENT.

jetuit/ellenousvousils/elles

jetuil/ellenousvousils/elles

etre

suisesestsommesetessont

-er

demander

demandedemandesdemandedemandonsdemandezdemandent

avoir

aiasaavonsavezont

-ir

reussir

rdussisrftssisreussitreussissonsreussissezreussissent

aller

vaisvasvaallonsallezvont

-re

attendre

attendsattendsattendattendonsattendezattendent

Quelques exemples de verbes irrAguliers utiles -

bouillir§(boil)

j.9 boustu . bousil/elle boutnous bouillonsvous bouillezils/elies bouent

envoyer(send)

envoieenvoiesenvoieenvoyonsenvoyeze nvoi e nt

Etre En Train De + Infinitif

L'Imperatif

croire(believe)

croiscroiscroitcroyonscroyezcroient

dire tenir(say) (hold)

dis tiensdis tiensdit tientdisons tenonsdites tenezdisent tiennent

Je suis en train de tenir un livre.

etre

soissoyonssoyez

avoi r

aieayonsaye'z

aller

vaallonsallez

§ The verb bouillir is conjugated with fAige when it means toboil something. Ex: Je fais bouillir de l'eau.

230

'233

Page 231: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

L'Imperatif (suite)

demander reussir attendre

demande reussis attendsdemandons reussissons attentionsdemandez r6ussissez attendez

LE PASSE

Passé Compose avec avoir

etre avoir demander reussir attendre

j'ai ete eu demande reussi attendu

bouillir envoyer croire dire tenir

j'ai bouilli envoye cru dit tenu

Passé Compos6 avec 8tre

aller nartir revenir mourir

je suis allele) parti(e) revenu(e) mort(e)

Passé Immediat - Venir De + Infinitif

Je viens de rentrer.

L'Imparfait

j'etais,j'avais, j'allais, je demandais, je reussissaisj'attendais, je bouillais, je croyais, j'envoyais,je disais, je tenais

LE FUTUR

je serai, j'aurai, je demanderai, je reussirai,j'attendrai, je bouillirai, je croirai j'enverrai,je dirai, je tiendrai

Le Futur Proche - Aller + Infinitif

Je vais envoyer un colis.i

2312R4

Page 232: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LE CONDITIONNEL

je serais, j'aurais, je demanderais, je reussirais,j'attendrais, je bouilliraisc je croirais, j'enverrais,je dirais,,je tiendrais

LE SUBJONCTIF

etre

que je soisque to sois

qu'il /elle soitque nous soyonsque vous soyezqu'ils/elles soient

avoir aller faire venir

aie aille fasse vienneaies ailles fasses viennesait aille fasse vienneayons allions fassions venionsayez alliez fassiez veniezaient aillent (assent viennent

LES FORMES INTERROGATIVES

Etes-vous malade?Voulez-vous vous lever?

Est-ce que vous tes malade?jst -ce que vous voulez vous lever?

Vous etes malade?Vous voulez vous lever?

Vous tes malade, n'est-ce nas?

ausavez-vous?Qui est malade?Quand ates-vous malade?Comment etes-vous malade?Pourguoi etes-vous malade?Oa etes-vous malade?Combien de stagiaires sont malades?

LES ADJECTIFS POSSESSIFS

.111MMIMIL

Singular%%sc. Fem. Plural

my mon ma mesyoura ton to teshis/her son . sa sesour notre notre nosyour votre votre vostheir leur leur leurs

232 2:35

Page 233: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

LES ADJECTIFS DEMONSTRATIFS

(this/that/these)

Singular Plural

Masculine ce cesFeminine cette ces

Nouns starting with a vowel cet ces1111111.

LES PRONOMS PERSO/NELS

Pronoms Complements ComplementsSujet loflechis Directs Indirects

je me me (moi) me (moi)to to te (toi) te (toi)it se le luielle se la luinous nous nous nousvous vous vous vousils/elles se les leer.1==w,

233

! 2:46

Page 234: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

k

Barrage : construct ou prorate

Vegefahon mechterraneenne

La diversite de l'Afrique : la geocraphle.

-- ,.., / , .

.... ..,2 34 GPO 907.421 oft....

2 R 7 ,......,

I

Page 235: DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR MacMillin, Marlene Tege Le …

Since 1961 when the Peace Corps was created, more than 80,000 U.S. citizenshave served as Volunteers in developing countries, living and working amongthe people of the Third World as colleagues and co-workers. Today 6000 PCVsare involved in programs designed to help strengthen local capacity to addresssuch fundamental concerns as food production, water supply, energy develop-ment, nutrition and health education and reforestation.

Peace Corps overseas offices:

BELIZEP.O. Box 487Belize City

BENINBP 971

Cotonou

BOTSWANAP.O. Box 93Gaborone

BURUNDIc/o AmericanEmbassyBujumbura

CAMEROON85gr7--Yaounde

CENTRAL AFRICANREPUBLICBP 1080Bangui

COSTA RICAApartado Postal1266

San Jose

DOMINICAN REPUBLICApartado Postal1412

Santo Domingo

FIJI

P.O. Box 1094Suva

GABON

BP 2098Libreville

GAMBIA,TheP.O. Box 582Banjul

GHANA?TOTBox 5796Accra (North)

GUATEMALA6a Avenida 1-46Zona 2Guatemala

HAITI

c/o AmericanEmbassyPort-au-Prince

HONDURASApartado PostalC-51

Tegucigalpa

MALIB.P. 85Bamako

MAURITANIABP 222Nouakchott

MICRONESIAP.O. Box 9Kolonia,Ponape 96941

SOLOMON ISLANDSP.O. Box 547--Honiara

SRI LANKA50/5 Siripa RoadColombo 5

MOROCCOITZanquat BenzerteRabat

NEPAL

P.O. Box 613Kathmandu

NIGER17-15537Niamey

PAPUA NEW GUINEAP.O. Box 17K---Boroko

PARAGUAYBrasil 293

JAMAICA (Esq. Mariscal-ggiTive Avenue Estigarribia)Kingston 10 Asuncion

KENYAEASTERN CARRIBBEAN P.O. Box 30518Including: Antigua, NairobiBarbados, Grenada,Montserrat, St. LESOTHOKitts-Nevis,St. P.O. Box 554Lucia, St. Vincent, MaseruDomic:ica "Erin

Court" Bishops LIBERIACourt Hill Box 707P.O. Box 696-C MonroviaBridgetown, BarbadosWest Indies MALAWI

P.-07Nox 208ECUADOR Lilongwe

635-A

Quito MALAYSIA177 Jalan

Raja MudaKuala Lumpur

PHILIPPINESP.O. Box 7013Manila 3129

SWAZILANDP.O. Box 362Mbabane

RWANDA

c/o American EmbassyKigali

SENEGALBP 254

Dakar

SEYCHELLES

Victoria

SIERRA LEONEPrivate Mail Bag

2.C(8

TANZANIABox 9123Dar es Salaam

THAILAND242 Rajvithi Rd.Amphur DusitBangkok 10300

TOGOBP 3194Lome

TONGABP 247

Nuku'Alofa

TUNISIABP So1002 Tunis-Belvedere

UPPER VOLTABP 537-Samandin

Ouagadougou

WESTERN SAMOAP.O. Box 880Apia

YEMENP.O. Box 1151Sana'a, YemenArab Republic

ZAIRE

BP 597Kinshasa