BACHELOR STUDY PROGRAM IN PHYSICS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I Annotation of the program 2II Characterization of the program 3III Conditions of matriculation 5IV Bachelor study program in Physics 6

1. Study program 62. Study course and laboratory programs 12

V Evaluation of Bachelor of Physics and Master of Physics study programs 131. International links of curricula of Physics of Department

of Physics, University of Latvia 132. Self-evaluation of Bachelor program in Physics 16

VI Means of implementation of the study program 201. Teaching staff and engineering-technical personnel 202. CV’s of teaching staff 213. Material and technical resources 22

Annotations of study courses (A and B)CV’s or teaching staff

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I ANNOTATION OF THE PROGRAM

1.1. The Bachelor Study program in Physics offers to acquire the highest academic basic education in physics as one of the spheres of the fundamental natural sciences. In accordance with the Classification of Education of the Republic of Latvia the program corresponds to the code 44.

1.2. The program envisages studies of the basic branches of experimental and theoretical physics and acquiring of the bases of the related academic and applied research methods. The program is directed towards the branches of the fundamental science and analytical engineering physics, perspective in the world and Latvia, which are today represented by the University of Latvia and the associated centres of science and applied research.

1.3. The program offers as full choice of studies in traditional (solid-state physics, optics and spectroscopy, electronics etc.) and also relatively new LU specifications (thermophysics, hydrodynamics, laser technologies etc.) as possible in competitive level for Latvian science of physics and national economy.

1.4. The program is the academic basis for acquiring the qualification of the higher professional education of teacher of physics in secondary schools.

1.5. The fully acquired program allows to continue studies for the Master degree in Physics and functionally associated fields, with or without additional conditions, which depend on the character of the Master degree.

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II CHARECTERISATION OF THE PROGRAM

1. Motivation

The program has been created taking into account several major principles.1.1. This program is the only full, four-year program of this level, which represent the

education of the University in physics. (The academic degree of Bachelor of Physics in Latvia may be acquired by continuing studies in the 4th and 5th year at Daugavpils Pedagogical University. In this Pedagogical University there exist different priorities – the professional education of teachers. The standardised part of the study programs of LU and DPU are harmonised and/or to be harmonised.

1.2. The Program has succession with the curriculum of Physics, that has existed until 1990 ies, which was based on the specific features of the science of Physics and national economy that existed in Latvia in the last decades. This succession to a great extent determined, and still does, the basis of the highest category staff and laboratory equipment, the lack of which does not allow to think about the development of the academic study program, which would be competitive in international level.

1.3. The program has orientation towards the perspectives of the development of science and national economy, which can be forecasted in nearest or more distant future, mainly in intellectually capacious spheres which need widely educated individuals, which are competent in the modern technologies of natural sciences.

1.4. The aforesaid criteria to a great extent has determined the evolution of this program. The modules of the compulsory subjects, that contain the part of physics, which in accordance with experts, is the contents of the classical education, since the versions of bachelor programs existing in 1991/1993 has been changing adiabatically. That ensures the stability of the program. Whereas the modules of the compulsory option /B/ are undergoing more rapid changes as they reflect the variable situation of specialists, material resources, financing and labour market. That ensures the mobility of the program.

2. Amount

2.1. The total amount of the program in the offered version is 164 credits of LU, which should be obtained during 8 terms of full time studies. The standardised /A/ section of the program is evaluated with 115 credits of LU, the /B/ section of compulsory option – with 34 credits of LU, the section /C/ of free option – with 15 credits of LU.

2.2. After passing the term examinations and course tests the aspirant to the academic degree of the Bachelor of Natural Sciences in Physics has to defend an individual Bachelor Paper (10 credits of LU), which compulsory has to be with scientific line, and to pass the Bachelor examination in Physics.

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3. Structure

The Program is organised by its main modules, whose inner structure may be dynamically changed, in some cases and components allowing individual studies as well. This condition is determined by the still unstable labour market in Latvia, the existing problems of prestige of the exact sciences, the adaptation problems of study structure in the international context of universities, minimal possibilities of material resources, other criteria.

3.1. The modules of the compulsory subjects /A/ are the following:

GPh General Physics – 20 credits (12%)PhL Practical classes and laboratories in Physics – 20 credits (12%)HM Higher mathematics (classical subjects) – 27 credits (16%)CP Introduction to computers, software and computing methods – 8 credits (5%)TPh Theoretical Physics (classical subjects) – 16 credits (10%)FL Foreign languages – 6 credits (4%)

3.2. The modules of the compulsory optional subjects /B/ are the following

EPh Experimental Physics – 34 credits (21%)(optional courses and laboratory works in the spheres of research methods and technology of optics, laserphysics, solid-state physics);

TPh and EPh Theoretical physics and Engineering Physics – 34 credits (21%)(optional courses and practical classes in quantum physics, hydrodynamics, non-linear processes, computer modelling, thermophysics, mechanics of solid substance and other courses).

A Astronomy and astrophysics(individual module, upon co-ordination with the customer).

The key to the subjects of the modules of the compulsory option can be found in B plans, the concrete possibility of option is regulated by the schedule of the current academic year (not all potentially offered B subjects are obligatory lectured in the current term).

The combinations of individual B subjects, which are equal to, or larger than the minimal amount of credits (34 LU credits) may be included in the modules of the compulsory option.

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III CONDITIONS OF MATRICULATION

1.1. The general order of matriculation in the Bachelor Study Program in Physics is determined by the Conditions of Enrolment and Order of Matriculation in the University of Latvia (Resolution No 195 of the Senate of LU as of February 23, 1998).

1.2. Special conditions of matriculation in the Bachelor Study Program in Physics: persons which in the document certifying the secondary education have the

examination and/or subject mark in Physics may apply for the studies; the applicant should pass the entrance examination in Physics in the amount of the

basic course in Physics of secondary school in case the school examination and/or subject mark in Physics is lower than "7";

in case of equal marks of the entrance examination and certificate marks in Physics, higher place in the competition is gained by the applicant with higher mean certificate mark in Geometry and Algebra;

in case of equal subject marks in Physics in the certificate competition the preference is given to applicants with equal or higher mark in the examination in Physics;

the persons, which have won the first three places in contests of Physics and/or Astronomy of Latvia and LU, the persons, which have won the first three places in international contests of Physics and/or Astronomy may register for studies without entrance examinations and participation in competition.

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IV BACHELOR STUDY PROGRAM IN PHYSICS

1. Study Program

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BACHELOR STUDY PROGRAM IN PHYSICS/credits of LU/

Subjects 1.t. 2.t. 3.t. 4.t. 5.t. 6.t. 7.t. 8.t. Σ %GPh Mechanics 4

Structure of substance 4

Electromagnetism 4

Optics 4

Quantum physics 4 20 12

A Astronomy and astrophysics 4 4 2PhL Practical classes and

laboratories in Physics4 4 4 4 4 20 12

CP Computers, software and intro-duction to computing methods

4 4 8 5

TPh Theoretical mechanics 4Electrodynamics and the theory of relativity

4

Quantum mechanics 4

Thermodynamics and statistical physics

4 16 10

Chemistry 4 4 2

HM Higher mathematics for physicists

7 7 4 7 2 27 16

S Introductory seminar 2 2 1B Optional courses 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 32 20FL Foreign language 3 3 6 4C Free option 3 3 3 3 3 15 9

Bachelor paper 10 7

Total in one term 17 20 22 22 21 21 21 20 164 100

Designations used in the table:GPh General physics PhL Practical classes and laboratories in PhysicsA Astronomy and astrophysics CP Computers, software and introduction toTPh Theoretical physics computing methodsFL Foreign language AM Higher mathematics for physicistsC Free choice B Compulsory option

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BACHELOR STUDY PROGRAM IN PHYSICS/examinations and tests/

Subjects 1.t. 2.t. 3.t. 4.t. 5.t. 6.t. 7.t. 8.t.GPh Mechanics E

Structure of substance E

Electromagnetism E

Optics E

Quantum physics E

A Astronomy and astrophysics EPhL Practical classes and laboratories in Physics T T T T TCP Computers, software and introduction to

computing methodsT T

TPh Theoretical mechanics EElectrodynamics and the theory of relativity E

Quantum mechanics E

Thermodynamics and statistical physics E

Chemistry E

HM Higher mathematics for physicists 2E T, E E T, E TS Introductory seminar TB Optional courses T/E T/E T/E T/E T/E T/E T/EFL Foreign language T EC Free option T/E T/E T/E T/E T/E

Bachelor examination E

Designations used in the table:GPh General physics PhL Practical classes and laboratories in PhysicsA Astronomy and astrophysics CP Computers, software and introduction toTPh Theoretical physics computing methodsFL Foreign language AM Higher mathematics for physicistsC Free choice B Compulsory option

T/E the form of examination of the compulsory optional /B/ courses are given in the tables of the course descriptions

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BACHELOR STUDY PROGRAM IN PHYSICS/Practical classes and laboratories in Physics/

Subjects 1.t. 2.t. 3.t. 4.t. 5.t. 6.t. 7.t. 8.t.PhL Practical class in mechanics T

Practical class in structure of substance and molecular physics

T

Practical class in electricity T

Practical class in optics T

Laboratory of nuclear physics and spectroscopy

T

Laboratory of discrete and analogue electronics

T

Laboratory of solid-state physics T

BACHELOR STUDY PROGRAM IN PHYSICS/Courses of Higher Mathematics /

Credits HM 1.t. 2.t. 3.t. 4.t. 5.t. 6.t. 7.t. 8.t.4 Mathematical analysis –1 E3 Algebra and geometry –1 E4 Mathematical analysis – 2 T3 Algebra and geometry – 2 E4 Mathematical analysis – 3 E5 Differential equations E2 Theory of probability and

mathematical statisticsT

2 Theory of complex variable function

T

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BACHELOR STUDY PROGRAM IN PHYSICS/B compulsory option – Theoretical Physics and Engineering Physics /

Credits Subjects 1.t. 2.t. 3.t. 4.t. 5.t. 6.t. 7.t. 8.t.

2 Introductory seminar to physics and engineering physics

T TPh/EPh

2 Introduction to hydrodynamics and thermophysics

E TPh/EPh

2 Introduction to solid-state mechanics E EPh

2 Introduction to computer modelling T TPh/EPh

2 Computing physics T TPh/EPh

2 Tensor analysis E TPh/EPh

2 Numerical methods T TPh/EPh

4 Mathematical methods of physics E TPh/EPh

2 Theory of elasticity E EPh

1 Soliton physics E TPh/EPh

1 Non-linear systems – 1 T TPh/EPh

2 Approximated methods T TPh/EPh

2 Theory of groups T TPh

4 Theoretical hydrodynamics E TPh/EPh

2 Non-linear systems – 2 E TPh

2 Numerical hydrodynamics T EPh

4 Compositions of atoms and molecules E TPh

2 Physics of condensed medium T TPh

2 Mechanics of composite materials E EPh

2 Methods of final and boundary elements

E EPh

2 Introduction to heat and mass transfer E EPh

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BACHELOR STUDY PROGRAM IN PHYSICS/B compulsory option – Experimental Physics /

Credits Subjects 1.t. 2.t. 3.t. 4.t. 5.t. 6.t. 7.t. 8.t.

2 Introductory seminar in physics and engineering physics

T

2 Materials in nature and technique T

2 Methods of experimental physics E

2 Seminar in technologies of measuring physical values

T

4 Spectral measurements E

2 Holography and Fourier optics E

2 Statistical processing of experimental data T

2 Physics of crystalline substances E

2 Physics of non-crystalline substances T

2 Laser physics E

2 Physics of dielectrics T

2 Physics of surface and metals T

2 Laboratory works (methods of optical and laser technique)

T

2 Paradoxes of quantum physics T

2 Introduction to photonics T

2 Spectroscopy of atoms and molecules E

2 Laboratory of laser spectroscopy T

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2. Study course and laboratory programs

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V Evaluation of Bachelor of Physics and Master of Physics study programs

1. International links of curricula of physics, Department of Physics,University of Latvia

In 1992 the Council of European Physical Society (EPS) adopted the document, which based on the Protocol of Agreement No 138 (June 21, 1990) of Council of Europe on Equivalence of Period of University Study and UNESCO Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees concerning Higher Education in the States belonging to the European Region (December 21, 1979) have founded the European Mobility Scheme for Physics Students – EMSPS [1]. EMSPS is regulated by the Convention regarding the European Mobility Scheme for Physics Students) [2].

The partner-universities of EMSPS, upon joining EPS, undertake to mutually co-ordinate the study programs in physics and evaluation criteria in universities, to enroll in their universities the students from the partner-universities for one academic year without study fee and to equal the amount of the studies accomplished by their students in the partner-universities to the respective amount of the studies of their universities.

The Rector of the University of Latvia, prof. J.Zaķis supported the joining of the Department of Physics (DPh) of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the University of Latvia and in 1992 signed the confirming document. DPh in this exchange program as a partner of equal worth participates since the academic year of 1993/94 (the program co-ordinator Prof. M.Auziņš) – it means from the very first days of the program. Today the program joins 177 universities of Western, Central and Eastern European countries.

The main financial source of the program is ERASMUS scheme which is available only for the universities of Western Europe. But in the framework of TEMPUS program it is possible to apply for the projects that finance the mobility of such students (mainly scholarships, which cover accommodation expenses during studies in a partner-university). DPh has twice realised such TEMPUS project. Initially in the academic year of 1993/94 it was an experimental project of one year and later in 1994-1997 the financing for full term (3 years) TEMPUS project was received.

In the framework of this project during the four years about 20 students of third and fourth year of the Bachelor program have spent one academic year in the universities of Western Europe (Great Britain – Manchester, Cardiff, Canterbury; Germany – Hannover, Kaiserslautern, Duisburg; the Netherlands – Gronningen; Switzerland – Zurich and Sweden – Umea). In order to increase the number of the exchange students and to include the countries, which at that time was not the member-states of European Union (Switzerland, Sweden), due to the fact that the TEMPUS financing may be used only by the member-states of European Union, a new source of financing was obtained (approximately 50% of the resources, assigned by TEMPUS) from EPS and Swedish Council for the Higher Education.

All exchange students of LU DPh for hundred percent fulfilled the program of the respective year of the partner-university and for hundred percent passed all necessary examinations and tests. In some cases the final (bachelor) examination in physics was passed (three students at Manchester University and one – at Canterbury University) and elaborated the Bachelor paper. The average evaluation of the students' works is above the average level of the respective partner-university. Quite often in the characterizations received by the students it is evaluated as excellent. The study load of the students at partner-universities was often greater that usual, as besides the study program in physics they attended the language courses in order to master the foreign language.

14The LU DPh educating program of physics during all years of this co-operation has been constantly

improved and co-ordinated with the study programs of the partner-universities. Participation in the EMSPS scheme has given LU DPh the access to the electronic data base, which has been created upon the initiative of European Physical Society and is financed from the resources of the Society and is located in the Manchester University. This data base contains the study programs in physics of all partner-universities. There is also created a system of electronic exchange of information, which is based on use of e-mail and allows all co-ordinators of EMSPS of the partner-universities to effectively exchange the operative information, including co-ordination of the study programs for exchange students and to centralised receive information from EPS about the topical matters of everyday work for implementation of EMSPS. In addition to the exchange of information among the co-ordinators of EMSPS without contacts in person, there have taken place several meetings of the co-ordinators in presence. In 1995 the meeting took place in Hannover (Germany), in 1996 – in Krakow (Poland) and in 1997 – in Grenoble (France). At all these meetings there was stressed the high level of students and programs of physics in three Central and Eastern European countries. These countries are Latvia, Poland and Hungary. The evaluation was given in the reports of the EPS representative in EMSPS, who is responsible for Central and Eastern European countries – Prof. Peter U.Sauer – Hannover University) submitted to EPS and the office of TEMPUS.

The level of studies in physics in LU DPh has allowed the representative of this department (M. Auziņš) to be included in the Scientific Committee, which has prepared the conference Physics Studies for Tomorrow’s Europe [3] sponsored by European Commission’s (EC) new Directorate-General for Education and later to work in the framework of the group of this conference. The conference was held in Belgium – Gent on April 7-8, 1995. During this conference it was decided to create the European Physics Education Network (EUPEN) [4], which would continue the co-ordination of the study programs in physics and evaluation criteria in universities of Europe. LU DPh participates in the work of this association since the day of its foundation (co-ordinator – Prof. M.Auziņš). In the work of EUPEN today there participate 106 universities of Europe and their number is continuing to increase.

EUPEN is supported by European Physical Society and it receives financing in the framework of the SOCRATES program of European Union. One has to hope that in the nearest future Latvia also will become the member-state of the SOCRATES program, which would allow to use the SOCRATES financing directly for the activities related with Latvia as well.

One of the main targets, which is set by EUPEN, is to carry out the comparative study of the structure and contents of university study programs in physics in European countries. The aim of this study is to define the tasks of university education in physics common for Europe, to elaborate joint criteria that would allow to compare and evaluate the quality of teaching physics and to favour increasing of this quality in departments of physics of universities, which co-operate in the framework of EUPEN project. It was also set as a target to evaluate the amount of students' and lecturers' work and elaboration of recommendations for optimisation of these parameters. Another aim is to elaborate the minimal requirements, common for Europe, which would be compulsory for all European countries, in order that holders of school completion certificates could start studies in the study program in physics at university level, as well as minimal requirements for acquiring the first level grade in physics.

One should mention the elaboration of European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) as quite advanced issue, which would facilitate the evaluation of amount of students' work and the attained results, by spending certain time at the university of some other country. The work at ECTS is going on commonly in the whole university system of Europe, but in respect to teaching of physics there exist some peculiarities, whose study and analysis is carried out by the EUPEN project.

The first meeting in presence of the Scientific Committee of the EUPEN program took place in September 1996 in Seville (Spain) during the EPS 10th General Conference [5]. LU

17DPh at this meeting was represented by Prof. M.Auziņš in person. In the program of the EPS 10 th

Conference great attention was paid to the matters of teaching physics at schools and universities, as well as to problems, which are connected with the changes of the labour market for the winners of all level degrees in physics..

15EUPEN is regularly publishing information leaflets, which reflect topical matters of EUPEN activity

and attained results [6].

Literature[1] EMSPS homepage http://info.mcc.ac.uk/emsps/

Contract of LU DPh EMSPS with TEMPUSInformation leaflet of EMSPS

[2] EMSPS convention http://info.mcc.ac.uk/emsps/rconv.html[3] Physics Education for Tomorrow’s Europe homepage

http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~hferdin/tec/conf.htmlEurophys. News, 26 (1995) p.69/71

[4] EUPEN homepage http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~hferdin/eupen/[5] Europhys. News, 27 (1996) p. 172/177[6] EUPEN Newsletter http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~hferdin/eupen/eol.html

162. Self-evaluation of Bachelor program in Physics

1. Student's amount of work

The academic amount of work for students, which is necessary to acquire the bachelor degree in physics, is interesting due to several reasons.

Firstly, it is one of the possibilities to measure the amount of work necessary for obtaining the academic degree.

Secondly, it is an essential component for implementation of ECTS system of credits, which is the credit transfer system, based on the student's annual amount of work.

Thirdly, it is essential when defining the aim of education and determining the strategy of the training process.

Fourthly, it is essential as a social and economic factor as it should be harmonised with the amount of time available to students and the time, which students spend for other activities (sports, cultural activities, part-time job, etc.) in addition to the direct academic work of the students.

Nevertheless one should bear in mind that the student's amount of work is not directly characterizing the academic level which is achieved during the process of studies. Similarly it also does not directly show the ability of students after the end of studies to work in professions, which in one or another way are related to physics, as well as to successfully compete in competitions for studies in the programs of doctor's degree both in universities of Latvia and Western Europe.

In Europe there exist very significant differences in student's amount of work in different programs of physics.

2. Statistical data

The statistical data used for evaluation of programs in physics are obtained from the analysis of the programs in physics of European universities, carried out by European Physics Education Network. The Department of Physics, University of Latvia, is also the member of this Network and participates in carrying out this analysis.

3. Results of the comparative analysis

The bachelor program of University of Latvia has been compared with average bachelor program in European universities. This average conditioned bachelor program is obtained by analysing the statistical data from the poll which was carried out in almost one hundred European universities that participate in the work of the European Physics Education Network.

The analysis has been carried out by comparing the bachelor programs in physics totally in the first three years of study. Such choice is determined by the fact that the study program of the fourth year in various universities differs a lot and their comparison is quite difficult. The Bachelor program in Physics of the fourth year at University of Latvia is also to a great extent oriented towards the B part and the international comparison here is very conditioned. For the control of the statistical results there are used the real study programs of universities of some European regions (Hannover University, Germany; Jyvaskyla University, Finland; Manchester University, England; Milan University, Italy; universities of Copenhagen, Denmark, etc.). In the reduction to the modules of subjects of the Bachelor program in Physics of University of Latvia the comparison of the studies is showed in the Table 1 and Table 2.

In the analysis one can see several peculiarities of the Bachelor program in Physics of University of Latvia.

Firstly, the total load on students' attendance at University of Latvia is considerably greater than the average load of students' attendance in Europe. Such situation is caused by

17the insufficient supply of the libraries of University of Latvia, which limit the possibilities of students' individual work.

Secondly, the optional part of the Bachelor program in Physics of University of Latvia is proportionally large. That describes the general situation in physics in Latvia as in the Department of Physics there work all professors elected in habilitation councils and each of them represent well developed subsection of physics, as well as the wide range of scientific-research institutions of physics in Latvia.

If one compares the percentage division of the sections of the Bachelor program in Physics, the program seems well balanced and corresponds to the average showing of European bachelor program in physics.

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Table 1

Table 2

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CHARACTERISATION OF THE SCIENCE OF PHYSICS

The fundamental and applied research in physics in Latvia are mainly carried out at University of Latvia (10 projects) and at the institutes, integrated in it, which have the status of a legal entity: Institute of Solid-State Physics (25 projects), Institute of Polymer Mechanics (1 project) and Institute of Physics (25 projects). Outside LU the following institutions are involved in physics: Daugavpils Pedagogical University (2 projects), Institute of Physical Power Industry (4 projects), the former Centre of Nuclear Research (6 projects) and Technical University (7 projects). 75% of the total financing, assigned to the projects of fundamental and applied research in physics, are received by the physicists of University of Latvia.

The science of physics gives also a basic contribution in two of the 22 Research programs of the Latvian Council of Science:

1. "Synthesis, Research and Elaboration of New Materials to be Used in Microelectronics and Photonics"

2. "Modelling of the Hydrodynamic Processes of Latvian Coastal Zone and Underground".These programs search for the possibilities of practical application of the achievements of the science

of physics. More than half of the resources allotted to the aforesaid programs are received by the physicists of University of Latvia.

It means that today in Latvia the potential of the science of physics is concentrated in University of Latvia. That creates promising possibilities for provision of bachelor, master and doctor studies. One should stress, that the academic staff (25 persons) of the Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of University of Latvia may build on numerically much larger scientific staff (more that 100 scientists) working at the scientific institutions related to LU.

The bottleneck both in the academic and scientific staff of the physicists is their great average age, which goes beyond 50 years. In many cases this situation does not encourage creative approach to the work. Therefore the most topical task of LU physicists is creation of normal age structure.

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VI MEANS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STUDY PROGRAM

1. Teaching staff and engineering-technical personnel

1.1. The Bachelor Study Program in Physics is fully covered by the teaching staff and engineering-technical personnel of the Department of Physics, which at the same time participate in realisation of Study programs of Master of Physics and Doctor of Physics.

1.2. The scientific qualification of the teaching staff, which lecture for the bachelor degree, is characterised by the following:13 habilitated doctors of science,14 doctors of science,2 teachers, which have the academic master degree.The academic qualification of the teaching staff, which lecture for the bachelor degree, is characterised by the following: 11 professors, 14 assistant professors, 4 lecturers.

1.3. Among the teaching staff, which lecture for the bachelor degree, there are 7 professors, elected in LU Councils of Habilitation and Promotion of Physics: 3 – full time in LU, 4 – half-time in LU:Nuclear and Molecular Physics – professor Mārcis Auziņš (full time)Optics – professor Ruvins Ferbers (full time)Physics of Crystalline Substances – professor Ivars Tāle (full time)Theoretical Physics – professor Andrejs Cēbers (half-time)Physics of Segnetoelectrics – professor Andris Krūmiņš (half-time)Physics of Non-Crystalline Substances – professor Andrejs Siliņš (half-time)Mechanics of Solid Substance – professor Vitauts Tamužs (half-time).

1.4. The material, technical, electronic and computer service of the Bachelor Study Program in Physics is provided by the engineering-technical personnel of the chairs and laboratories of the Department of Physics – 28 specialists. In this work there also participate the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and the scientific structures of LU, related to the service of the study programs (see Item 3 of this chapter).

212. Academic staff, CV

Academic staff, Teaching in Bachelor of Physics programme

First name, Family name Scientific degree PositionMarcis Auzinsh Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorImants Bersons Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorAndrejs Cebers Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorRuvin Ferber Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorAndris Krumins Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorGunars Sermons Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorAndrejs Silins Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorJanis Spigulis Dr. habil phys. ProfessorEdvins Shilters Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorIvars Tale Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorVitauts P. Tamuzs Dr. habil. phys. ProfessorBoriss Zapols Dr. habil. phys. DocentJanis Abolins Dr. phys. DocentAndris Broks Dr. phys. DocentLeonids Buligins Dr. phys. DocentJanis Harja Dr. phys. DocentVladimirs Ivins Dr. phys. DocentAndris Jakovichs Dr. phys. DocentIlmars Madzhulis Dr. phys. DocentAndris Muizhnieks Dr. phys. DocentJuris Ozols Dr. phys. DocentValdis Revalds Dr. phys. DocentTomass Romanovskis Dr. phys. DocentLaimdota Shnidere Dr. phys. DocentJuris Zhagars Dr. phys. DocentIvars Drikis Dr. phys. LecturerSandris Lacis Dr. phys. Lecturer

First name, Family name Scientific degree PositionMihails Belovs Dr. math. DocentDzintra Damberga Mgr. Math. LecturerOjars Judrups Dr. math. DocentOjars Lietuvietis Dr. math. DocentJanis Smotrovs Mgr. Math. Lecturer

223. Material and technical resources

3.1. The Bachelor Study Program in Physics is realised by the Department of Physics of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. The material resources of the Program are ensured by the chairs of the Department of Physics, teaching and research laboratories of the chairs, which upon the resolution of the Council of the Faculty, have been transferred in the supervision of the Department of Physics. In the study work there participate the scientific laboratories and institutes of the Faculty, LU institutes associated with the Faculty which have respective profile.

3.2. The basic structure of the Department of Physics have the following laboratories or practical classes, related to the studies or research work of students, connected with the realisation of the A and B sections of the bachelor study programs, as well as the subsections of master study programs in physics:

in the Chair of Experimental Physics (head Dr. hab. phys. M. Auziņš)Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Spectroscopy (head M. phys. Ā. Deme)Laboratory of Roentgen Structural Analysis (head I. Brante)Laboratory of Thermography (head Dr. phys. L. Šnīdere)Laboratory of Holography (head Dr. phys. J. Harja)Practical Class in Mechanics and Molecular Physics (head P. Bricis)Practical Class in Electricity and Optics (head G. Sala)Laboratory of Electronics (head R.Broka)Demonstration room of Physics (head L. Dīriķe)

Laboratory for Modelling Environmental and Technological Processes (head Dr.phys. A. Jakovičs)

Training Centre for Computer Technologies (head Dr.phys. L. Buligins)

3.3. In the realisation of the bachelor study program, in accordance with the study plans, there participate Laboratory of Atmosphere Pollution and Atmospheric Photochenistry(head Dr.hab.phys. U. Bēziņš)Laboratory of Human and Nature Friendly Technologies(head Dr.phys. A. Ūbelis)Laboratory for Polarisation of Molecules (head Dr.hab. phys. R. Ferbers)Department of Theoretical Physics (head Dr.hab.phys. E. Gailīte)Group of Fibre Optics and Biomedical Optics (head Dr.hab.phys. J. Spīgulis)of the Institute of Nuclear Physics and Spectroscopy (Director Dr. hab. phys. M.Auziņš) of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.

3.4. In the realisation of the bachelor study programs, in some components, based on the agreement on co-operation among the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and the institute or based on other agreement, there participate:Institute of Solid-State Physics of University of Latvia(Director Dr. hab.phys. A. Krūmiņš)Institute of Physics of University of Latvia (Director Dr. phys. A. Gailītis)Institute of Polymer Mechanics of University of Latvia (Director Dr. hab. ing. J. Jansons)Institute of Astronomy of University of Latvia (Director Dr. phys. J. Žagars)

3.5. In lecturing on mathematical subjects, methods of data processing and software there participate:The Chair of Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics(head Dr. hab. phys. A. Cēbers)The Chair of General Mathematics, Department of Mathematics(head Dr. math. J.Mencis)Computer class of the Department of Mathematics.

234. Financing

4.1. The expenses of the bachelor and master study programs is formed by the following:students' scholarship fund, salary fund of the teaching staff, salary fund of the engineering-technical personnel of laboratories, salary fund of the pedagogical staff, fund for hourly payment, payments, costs of materials, reagents etc., purchase of laboratory equipment and appliances, amortisation expenses of laboratories, library fund, expenses of infrastructure and public facilities.

4.2. The expenses of the bachelor and master study programs in physics can not be divided due to the fact that the programs financially are contained in one section of the financial expenses of the Department of Physics.The students are matriculated in the bachelor and master study programs in physics for the resources of the State budget, namely, the financing of the programs is the share of the basic budget of LU, which annually is assigned for them by the Senate of LU. This share is orientated towards the fulfilment of bachelor and master study programs during the period up to 2000 for 200 places of full-time studies in 12 study semesters (6 study years).

4.3. The real expenses of the bachelor and master study programs in physics depend on the assignment of the Senate of LU and may be determined only in that part which concerns the competence of the Department of Physics. The financing of the programs in 1998 is illustrated by the Table 1:

Table 1

Financing of bachelor and master study programs in physics in 1998

1. Financing for pedagogical, laboratory and office work personnel

Financing of the program Ls 33943.00Payment to the salary fund of professors Ls 12600.00Additional payment to the salary fund of professors Ls 4368.00Laboratory personnel Ls 14332.00Pedagogical personnel Ls 2958.00Office work personnel Ls 2572.00

Total: Ls 74921.00

2. Fund for hourly payment and resources for inter-faculty payments

Fund for hourly payment Ls 592.00For inter-faculty payments Ls 1503.00

3. Financing for maintenance of material and technical resources of laboratories

Materials Ls 765.00

24From the example of the total amount of Ls 77781.00 of the financing assigned in 1998 it follows that

for one conditioned study place in the Bachelor and Master study programs in Physics the Department of Physics can use Ls 3889.

In its turn from the exemplary calculation of expenses of the Bachelor study program in Physics (LU algorithm of 1997, see Table 2) it follows that the minimal direct expenses of the programs for one student are Ls 747.1 (assuming that the expenses of the students in B and M programs are equal). Namely, real expenses of 1 student studying for the resources of the State budget is 52% from the minimally necessary expenses. This proportion is potentially decreased by the inclusion of the doctoranture in the total balance of expenses etc. factors which influence the budget of study programs.

Table 2

Expenses of one student studying in the bachelor program

N1 Salary fund per 1 student per year, Ls. 13 457.28N2 Social payments of the employer per 1 student per year (28%) 14 128.04N3 Expenses for business trips and detached duties per 1 student per year, Ls. 15 4.84

mailing and other expenses per 1 student per year, Ls. 16 0.7other services (making copies, printing-office, fax etc.) 17 6

N4 Payment for services – total Ls. 18 6.7purchase of teaching aids and materials per 1 student per year, Ls. 19 64stationery and other inventory of little value, Ls. 20 5.2

N5 Purchase of materials and inventory of little value per 1 student per year, Ls.

21 69.2

textbooks per 1 student per year 22 1time of service of books in years 23 5price of one book 24 30costs of purchase of books per 1 student per year, Ls 25 6.2costs of purchase of magazines per 1 student per year, Ls. 26 15

N6 Costs of purchase of books and magazines per 1 student per year, Ls. 27 21.2for sports per 1 student per year, Ls. 32 3for amateur performances per 1 student per year, Ls. 33 2.25

N7 For the social ensurance of students per 1 student per year, Ls. 34 5.25purchase of equipment per 1 student per year, Ls. 35 45.5modernisation of investment equipment - 20% of the inventory costs

36 0.2

expenses for modernisation of equipment, Ls 37 9.1N8 Costs for purchase and modernisation of equipment per 1 student per

year, Ls38 54.6

TOTAL direct expenses per 1 student per year, Ls. 39 747.11N9 Expenses for ensuring the work of the library of LU (3% of

the resources disposable by the structural units), Ls40 23.09

N10 Indirect expenses for ensuring the work of LU (26.7% from the total incomes), Ls

41 280.35

Total expenses for one student per year, Ls 42 1050.54

4.4. The staff and material-technical resources of the Bachelor and Master study programs in Physics in respect of quality and possibilities of potential offers ensure the quality of the programs, in addition with guarantied reserve of resources. The financial provision of the Bachelor and Master study programs in Physics from the State budget is at least 2-3 times less than necessary (for development of mobility of the students of these programs, teaching staff corps, engineering-technical personnel, material resources).

Courses:A

Mechanics

Author docent Leonīds BuliginsCredits 4Semester 1

Examination form ExamPrerequisite Basic physics knowledge

Course codeCourse group Compulsory

Annotation

Laws of clasical mechanics and their applications to the motion of macroscopic bodies. Models of mechanics – material point, system of material points, solid bodies, elastic bodies, ideal and viscous fluids.

Content

Introduction. Kinematics of material point. Dynamics of material point. Dynamics of the system of material points. Motion in gravitational field. Motion of solid bodies. Noninertial frames of reference. Oscilations. Mechanics of continuum media. Models of continuum media. Stress and strain in solids. Waves. Acoustics. Mechanics of fluids and gases.

Requirements

Ability of solving problems in mechanics, exam in theory.

Literature.1. I. Petrovskis. Mehānika.- R.: Zvaigzne,1976.2. S. Strelkovs. Mehānika.-M.:1975 (krievu val.)3. D. Sivuhins. Vispārējais mehānikas kurss.-M.:,1979. (krievu val.)

Structure of matter and thermal processes

Author Prof. I. TaleStudy program bachelor in physics

Semester 2Credits 4Test form examination

Indicative abstractThe course includes the general concepts of the structure of matter and thermal processes on the basis of statistical and thermodynamic approaches in the mesoscopic and macroscopic scales.ContentThe molecular- kinetic concepts of gas. Ideal gas, parameters of state. Pressure. Statistical mean value of physical parameters. Temperature, methods of temperature measurements. The equation of the ideal gas state. Degree of freedom. Gas in the gravity field. The basics of the statistical mechanics. Micro- and macro- states of the system. Two systems in thermal contact. System and reservoir. Entropy and temperature. Tendency of the entropy growth – second law of thermodynamics. Aditivity of entropy. Two systems in diffusion contact. Chemical potential. Canonic distributions. Statistic sum. The maean square velocity and the mean velocity of particles. Ideal gas statistics. Phenomenology of the transport processes. Mass transport. Heat conductivity. Diffusion.Thermodynamic system.. The inner energy, work, heat. The first law of thermodynamics. Quasi-static and non-static processes. Freedom states of matter; heat capacity. Adiabatic and polytropic processes. Cycles of processes. Heat engines. Karno cycle. Clausius relations. Entropy. The second and third laws of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic functions. Real gas. Van-derWaals gas state equation. Critical temperature. Phase equilibrium. Interaction forces and the inner energy. Joule-Thomson effect.Structure of matter. Atoms. Electron orbitals, hybride orbitals. Bonds: covalent, ionic, metallic, hydrogen, Van-der-Waals bonds. Structure of crystals. Translations lattice. Simplest structures of crystals. Lattice dinamics. Heat capacity. Dilong-Pty law. Temperature dependence of the heat capacity. Einstein’s and Debye models of heat capacity. Heat capacity of metals. Thermal ezpansion of solids. Phonons. Heat conductivity in solids. Lattice defects in solids. Point defects. Dislocations. Diffusion in solids. Structure of glasses. Short-range and-long range order in solids. Free volume in glasses. Mechanism of particle movement in liquids. Transport processes in liquids. Surface free energy of liquids. Free energy of phase boundaries. Phase transitions. Clausius-Clapeiron equation. Pressure of saturated vapors in the system liquid-vapor. Phase equilibrity diagram. Morphotropic phase transitions. Demands for obtaining of the credit:Credit of the training in solving of numerical tasks.

Credit of educational aid in mechanics and molecular physics

Literature1. J. Kručāns. Molekulārfizika. Zvaigzne, 1975.2. Н. Матвеев Молекулярная физика Москва 1978

Course of general physics “Electromagnetics”Author Docent Andris Muižnieks, Dr.-Phys.Course amount 4 creditsSemester 3.Control form examination Preconditions courses of higher mathematics, courses

of general physics: mechanics, molecular physics

Code of the course Group of the courses obligatory – general physics

AnnotationCourse “Electromagnetics” considers the fundamental basics of the electromagnetics on the level of general physics. In the course are included the exercises (solving of problems) and laboratory. In a week 8 academic hours are devoted to the course: 2 hours lectures; 2 hours exercises; 4 hours laboratory.In the course a system of basic physical conceptions of electromagnetics is created in a following way: 1) describing the electromagnetic phenomena and showing the demonstrations in the lectures; 2) short describing of history of development of physical conceptions; 3) short review of examples of usage of electromagnetics in modern technique; 4) solving problems (exercises) in general physics; 5) solving exercises for engineering examples; 6) experimental work in the laboratory in general physics Mathematics used in the course corresponds to the courses of higher mathematics learned in the first and second year.The exposition of the course is inductive. The electromagnetic phenomena are introduced gradually. At the end of the course the Maxwell system of equations and electromagnetic waves are analysed. Some conceptions of quantum mechanics and microphysics are used to describe the electromagnetic phenomena in matter.In the course the applications of electromagnetic phenomena in the modern material technologies are shortly considered.

Requirements to obtain credit points1. Examination note must be not lower than 4.2. Before the examination the student must pass the exercises.3. Before the examination the student must pass the laboratory in general physics.4. Examination requirements:

a) examination is oralb) the student must prepare and explain 2 questions, the answers are valued

separatelyc) examination note is the averaged value of notes of the answersd) it is allowed to use mathematical handbooks

Literature1. Elektrība. J. Platacis, R., 1974.2. Feinman lectures on physics (in Russian), 5. un 6. vol.3. Fizikas uzdevumu risināšanas metodika. J. Krūmiņš, B. Ertele, A. Zambrāns, R., 1980.4. Fizikas rokasgrāmata. E. Šilters, R., 1988.5. Electromagnetics, Fourth Edition, International Edition. John D. Kraus. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1991.

OPTICS

Author Prof. Ruvin Ferber, Dr. Habil. Phys.

Volume of the course 4 creditsSemester 4Form of control examinationPreliminary requirements preceding courses in general physics and math

Code Group obligatory-General Physics /A/

SummaryThe course explains basic fundamentals of optics. Along with traditional divisions of physical dealing with light interference, diffraction and light-matter interaction, the course contains modern optics subjects such as spectral expansion, nonlinear optics, lasers and holography. The course includes practical exercises in solving problems, as well as practical work in physical laboratory.

ContentsSubject of optics. Basic optical phenomena and the nature of light. Plane harmonic waves, polarization, phase and group velocity. Light as an electromagnetic wave, its speed and energy. Light emission. Light refraction and reflection at a plane boundary of dielectrics. Amplitudes of refracted and reflected waves. Fresnel’s formulae, Brewster angle, polarization and phase conditions. Total internal refraction. Coherence and interference. Principle of linear superposition. Theory of partial coherence. Visibility of fringes. Multi-layer films. Multiple-beam interference.Diffraction. General description of diffraction. Fundamental theory. Fraunhofer and Fresnel Diffraction patterns. Diffraction gratings of one, two and three dimensions. Reconstruction of wave front by diffraction. Holography. Propagation of light in crystals. Double refraction. Optical activity, magneto-, electro-optics. Elliptical and circular light polarization. Molecular optics. Nonlinear effects.Thermal radiation. Kirchhoff’s law, blackbody radiation. Stimulated emission and thermal radiation. Methods of producing a population inversion. Amplification of light. Lasers (optically pumped, semiconductor, dye, etc.).

LiteratureStudents O. Optika.- Rīga, Zvaigzne, 1971, 412 lpp.Rēvalds V. Interferences parādības optikā.- Rīga, LU, 1993, 124 lpp.Auziņs M., Ferbers R. Uzdevumi fotometrijā.- Rīga, LU, 1988, 57 lpp.Grant R. Fowles. Introduction into modern optics, Dover, NY, 1989.Бутиков Е.И. Оптика. Москва, Высшая школа, 1986.

Introduction to Quantum Physics

Author prof. Marcis AuzinshProgramme Bachelor of PhysicsExtent 4 credits

Semester 5Test form examPrerequisites general physics courses; Mechanics,

Matter and Heat, OpticsCourse Code

Course Group Mandatory course, part A

SummaryCourse describes basics of the atomic and molecular physics. Brief introduction to the nuclear physics and particle physics is presented. The main attention is paid to the empirical foundations of the atomic and sub-atomic physics. The basic terminology and mathematical methods of description are discussed. Course as an integrated part contains problem solving and laboratory training.

ContentsHeat radiation and Plank hypothesis. Photoeffect and Einstein formulae. Compton effect. Rutherford Empirical description of H spectrum. Bohr’s postulates and atomic model. Frank – Hertz experiment. DeBroglie hypothesis. Devisons – Jermer experiment. Interference experiments with atoms and molecules. DeBroglie wave physical interpretation. Heizenberg’s uncertainty relations. Schroedingers equation. Particle in infinite square well. Particle in finite square well. Harmonic oscillator, Tunnelling. H atom, its wave functions and energy levels. Spin. Stern – Gerlach and Einstein de-Hazz experiments. Fine structure. Lemb shift. Structure of alkali atoms. Many electron atoms. Pauli principle. Electron structure of complex atoms. Helium. X-ray radiation from atoms. Zeeman effect. Pashen – Back effect. Molecules. Ionic bound. Covalent bound. Motion of nuclear in diatomic molecule. Properties of nuclei. Droplet model of nucleus. Nucleus as a Fermi gas. Shell model of nucleus. Radioactivity. a – decay. b± – radioactivity. K – capture. Nuclear reactions. Elementary particles

Requirements to be met to obtain creditsCompleted problem-solving tasks. Exam.

Textbooks1. J.Eiduss, U.Zirnītis. Atomfizika R., “Zinātne”, 1978, 328 lpp. (in Latvian)2. E.V.Špoļskis. Atomfizika 1. sēj., M., “Nauka”, 1984 (1974), 575 lpp. (in Russian)3. Atkins, Molecular Quantum mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 1996, 340 pp4. D.V.Sivuhins. Atoma un kodola fizika 5. sēj., 2. daļa, M., “Nauka”, 1989, 415 lpp. (in Russian)

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Author: Docent Dr.hab.phys. Juris Žagars, lecturer, Dr.paed. Ilgonis Vilks

Semester: 6Credit value: 4Part ACourse code:

Prerequisites: General Physics, Higher Mathematics Assessment: examAnnotation

The aim of the course is to give the students contemporary understanding of rules governing in macro world, help them to acquire mathematical methods used in astronomy and space investigation. Main attention is paid to fundamental astronomical notions, qualitative explanation of characteristics of space objects, processes taking place in the Solar system and in the universe and simulation of astronomical phenomena.ContentsPart 1. ASTROMETRY Coordinate systems. Notion of reference systems and coordinate systems, their types. Coordinate

systems used on the Earth and coordinate systems used on the celestial sphere. Connections between right-angle coordinates, their transformations. Connections between spherical coordinates, their transformations. Paralactic formulae and methods of measuring meridional coordinates of space objects.

Spherical astronomy. Spherical geometry, its basics and main theorems. Spherical triangles, their general properties. Polar connected triangles. Basic notions of spherical astronomy. Celestial sphere. Projection of horizontal and equatorial coordinate systems on the celestial sphere. Rotation of the celestial sphere and apparent motion of space objects on it. Basic notions of spherical trigonometry and paralactic triangle. Main theorems of spherical trigonometry (theorem of sinuses, theorem of cosines, theorem of five elements) and methods of deriving formulae from them.

Planets of the Solar system. Origin of the Solar system, its evolution and structure. Terrestrial group planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) and giant gaseous planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune), their physical properties, structure, orbits and satellites. Satellite systems of giant planets and their rings. Pluto and Charon.

Rotation movement of planets. Dynamics of free rotation of planets. Motion of poles of planets. Proper rotation of the Earth and its connection with time scales UT, ET, AT and UTC. Rotation of planets as transformation of coordinates. Precession and nutation.

Form of planets and physical fields around them. Potential of gravity and gravity fields of planets. Force of gravitation and geoid. Expansions of gravity potentials of planets in spherical functions. Zonal, sectorial and tesseral harmonics. Form of planets, its connection with gravity field and dependance on rotation. Reference ellipsoid and types of altitude. Magnetic fields of planets and magnetospheres. Radiation belts.

Orbital motion of planets. Mathematical models of orbital motion of planets. Orbital plane and 2nd Kepler law. Equations of planetary motion and their solutions. 1st Kepler law. Analyses of forms of orbits and motion of planets along orbits. 3rd Kepler law, its applications. Ticius-Bode law and elements of planetary orbits.

Calculation of coordinates of planets. Equation of planetary orbits and its integration. Proof of the 1st Kepler law. Methods of solution of the equations. Connection with 3rd Kepler law and its precision. Orbital coordinates system, its connection with other astronomical coordinate systems. Sequence for calculating coordinates of planets.

Astronomical observations. Determination of distances to space objects (annual parallax and diurnal parallax). Determination of astronomical unit (Solar system scale). Relative method for determination of coordinates of space objects (Terner’s method). Method of radio interferometry (VLBI). Satelliet laser ranging (SLR) and GPS. International celestial reference frame (ICRF) and international Earth reference frame (IERF). Hipparcos catalogue. Factors influencing astronomical observations. Stellar catalogues, historical overview and up-to-date forms.

Part II. ASTROPHYSICS Methods and equipment of astrophysics. Spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Transparency of

atmosphere of the Earth. Optical telescopes, their types and mountings. Resolution power. Radiation detectors. Active and adaptive optics. Radio telescopes. X ray and ray telescopes. Orbital observatories.

The Sun. Main characteristics of the Sun. Inner structure of the Sun. Solar and stellar sources of energy and energy transfer. Processes in the atmosphere of the Sun. Activity cycles of the Sun. Connection of solar activity with geophysical processes and biosphere of the Earth.

Stars. Apparent and absolute brightness of stars. Absolute magnitude of stars. Stellar spectra and spectral classification. Temperature of stars and their chemical composition. Hertzsprung-Russel diagram. Determination of radii of stars. Stellar motion. Proper motion, radial velocity. Motion of the Sun towards apex. Visual, spectral and eclipse variable stars. Determination of mass of binary stars. Pulsating variable stars. Connection between period and luminosity. Eruptive variable stars. Novae. Stellar evolution. Proto stars, stars of the main sequence, red giant stage. White dwarfs, supernovae, neutron stars, pulsars, black holes.

Galaxy. Structure of the Galaxy, spiral branches. Rotation of the Galaxy. Star clusters, diffuse, planetary and supernovae remnant nebulae. Interstellar medium, cosmic radiation.

Extra-galactic astronomy. Classification of galaxies. Elliptical, spiral and irregular galaxies. Determination of distances to galaxies. Red shift. Hubble law. Active galaxies. Quasars. Large-scale structure of the universe. Non-stationary models of the universe. Relict radiation.

For obtaining the credit1. The mark in the exam must be not lower than 4.2. The exam is oral.

Literature. I. Vilks, J. Žagars. Astronomijas kosmiskās perspektīvas (manuskripts, 1998). Bakuļins P., Kononovičs E., Morozs V. Vispārīgās astronomijas kurss (krievu val.). Maskava, Nauka,

1983. Dagajevs M., Djomins V., Klimišins I., Čarugins V. Astronomija (krievu val.). Maskava, Prosveščenije,

1983.

Physics Laboratory

Course’s volume 4 credits per termTerm 1, 2, 3, 4Checking form TestNecessary knowledge General Physics coursesCourse’s codeCourse’s group Obligatory (A)

Annotation The goal of the Physics Laboratory is:1) To let students independently get and test important knowledge of the Physics course.

2) To acquaint students with measuring apparatus, measuring devices and different measuring techniques.

3) To teach students to analyse obtained results and to evaluate the confidence probability, to generalize or to extrapolate obtained facts for other phenomena, to present the research results in a graphic form (graphs, vector diagrams etc.).

Correctly organised work in the Physics Laboratory gives necessary skills and forms a basis for students’ further work in scientific and research laboratories.

ContentsThe subject-matter of the laboratory works is submitted to approval of the appropriate Physics course’s lecturer. The themes of the laboratory works differ for different specialities. Physics students attend Physics Laboratory during 4 terms. Students of other specialties (Mathematics, Biology, Optometry, Geology, Medicine) do laboratory works for 1-2 terms. Independently of speciality students begin their work in Mechanics Laboratory. First of all, students become acquainted with the direct and indirect measurements, measuring apparatus. They study how to plan an experiment, how to record and evaluate the obtained results, as well as how to make their analysis. The error evaluation is made in every laboratory work.

Laboratory works in Mechanics can be divided in the following sections according to their themes:1) Testing of the main laws of motion of a perfectly rigid body;2) Study of collision processes;3) Testing of vibration laws and review of the wave theory;4) Testing of the energy conservation law;5) Friction and its importance in different processes.

Works in the Molecular Physics Laboratory are connected with the study of structure of substance and heat processes. Similarly to the Mechanics Laboratory, Molecular Physics laboratory works can be divided in the following parts:1) Determination of gas state parameters (temperature’s, pressure’s and other parameters’

measuring methods);2) Gas kinetic theory and transfer processes (heat conduction, viscosity, …);3) Molecular phenomena in liquids (surface tension, heat capacity, hygrometry);4) Study of the properties of solids (phase transitions, heat capacity, linear expansion,…).

In the Electromagnetism Laboratory students acquaint with:1) Methods of measuring electrical quantities and measuring techniques;2) Testing of the electrostatics laws; 3) Testing of the laws of electrical circuits;4) Electronic devices and use of the classical electron theory (oscillograph, determination of the

electron specific charge, electron work function, …);5) Determination of the magnetic field parameters (tangent galvanometer, millifluxmeter,

magnetisation of iron, …);6) Substance behaviour in magnetic and electric fields (Hall effect, polarisation of

segnetoelectrics);7) Physical processes in semiconductors (type of electric conductance, impurity and intrinsic

conduction, forbidden band, …);8) Analysis of the laws of electromagnetic oscillations and alternating current circuits,

determination of capacity and inductance, testing of the Ohm’s law, transformer, resonance in an alternating current circuit.

The works in the Optics Laboratory are divided in the following sections:1) Geometrical optics (methods of lens focus determination, optical instruments, …);2) Photometry (study of light absorption, measuring of the relative aperture, …);3) Wave nature of light – interference, diffraction, polarisation of light (Young’s double slit,

Freshnel’s biprism, Newton’s rings, diffraction grating, …);4) Light dispersion and spectroscopy (determination of refraction coefficient using different

methods, use of spectroscopes, …);5) Quantum nature of light – students get acquainted with optical phenomena, which are

explained by quantum nature of light (photoeffect, thermal radiation).

Demands for getting credits - 12 laboratory works should be made and defended.

Literature (in Latvian)Physics LaboratoryElectricity Laboratory Physical measuring data elementary processing

Physics Laboratory-51. Atomic Physics

Course’s author Prof. Mārcis AuziņšCourse’s volume 4 credits Term 5Checking form TestNecessary knowledge General Physics coursesCourse’s codeCourse’s group Obligatory (A)

Annotation Laboratory works correspond to the Microphysics course, in which structure of atoms and molecules, their physical properties, research methods and theoretical models are discussed. Students get a possibility to study the classical Millikan’s and Frank-Hertz’s experiments, which have played an important role in development of the atomistic view. The study of hydrogen’s and sodium’s spectra allow to use knowledge got in lectures and to deepen it in practical work. Investigation of the simplest molecules’ properties is realised using the J2 molecule’s absorption spectrum.

ContentsLaboratory course consists of 5 works:1) Frank-Hertz’s experiment.2) Millikan’s experiment3) Study of hydrogen’s spectra

Study of sodium’s spectra4) Study of the J2 molecule’s spectraDemands for getting credits1. The obtained results should coincide within the error bars with the existing control values.2. Students should be able to give a theoretical description of the work and motivate the

obtained resultsLiterature (in Latvian)Atomic Physics Laboratory

Physics Laboratory-52. Emission spectral analysis

Author Docent Valdis RēvaldsCourse’s volume 4 creditsTerm 5Checking form TestNecessary knowledge General Physics coursesCourse’s codeCourse’s group Obligatory (A)

Annotation Emission spectral analysis is one of the most progressive methods for determination of

composition of different materials, which are important in economy. This Laboratory course offers a possibility to acquaint with the basic principles and methods of spectral analysis by using a photographic method of emission spectral analysis. At the same time students get knowledge about spectral apparatus, which is a good addition to the Optics course. Knowledge got in the Microphysics course allows to understand better the formation of atomic emission spectra and the processes influencing the emission spectral analysis.

ContentsCourse of works consists of 3 mutually interrelated works:1) Full qualitative analysis of metals.2) Semiquantitative analysis of metals.3) Quantitative analysis of metals.Demands for getting credits1) The obtained results should coincide within the error bars with the existing control values.2) Students should be able to give a theoretical description of the work and motivate the

obtained resultsLiterature (in Latvian)Laboratory works in Optics and Spectroscopy Physics Laboratory. Microphysics.

Physics Laboratory-53. X-ray structure analysis

Author Dr. Phys. Verners FreimanisCourse’s volume 4 creditsTerm 5Checking form TestNecessary knowledge General Physics coursesCourse’s code

Course’s group Obligatory (A)Annotation

Crystalline substances are widely used in economy, for example, building materials, metals and their alloys, specially synthesised new materials for designing of electronic and optical devices.

Information about amount of a crystalline phase, phase composition and orientation of monocrystals is obtained by means of X-ray diffraction. Using continuous radiation (for monocrystals) and characteristic radiation (for polycrystals) students in this Laboratory course acquaint with the basic X-ray structure analysis methods for obtaining a diffraction pattern. While performing the laboratory works, students get an idea of crystal’s symmetry elements and study how to measure angles between crystallographic directions, how to orient a crystal in a chosen direction (Laue’s method). By means of analysing the geometry of the obtained diffraction pattern, a type of a crystal lattice and a size of a lattice cell are determined, as well as measurement errors are evaluated for polycrystalline substances.Contents1) Debye’ method2) Laue’s methodDemands for getting credits1. The obtained results should coincide within the error bars with the existing control values.2. Students should be able to give a theoretical description of the work and motivate the

obtained resultsLiterature (in Latvian)Principles of crystal structure analysisPhysics Laboratory. Microphysics.

ELECTRONICS

Lecturer Juris Ozols, Docent, Dr. phys.Program Bachelor of Physics Course amount 4 creditsTerm 6th

Assesment TestPrerequisites Mathematics; PhysicsCode of the CourseState of the Course Compulsory-Physics (A)

AnnotationThe course includes the fundamentals of digital and analog electronics, the physical

principles of electronic devices, the analysis and synthesis of electronic circuits, the electronic signals in physical data processing. Practical and computer simulation works summarize the course.

ContentRepresentation of signals in the time and frequency domains, analog, discrete and digital

signals, the electronic signals in physical data processing.

Digital electronics. Logical gates, combinational circuits, asynchronous and synchronous sequential logic circuits (flip-flops, registers, counters) and memory devices, the transmitting of digital signals. Propagation delay time. Troubleshooting in digital systems.

Analog electronics. Electronic circuits, frequency-domain and time-domain analysis, linear and nonlinear elements. Voltage and current sources. Generation, amplifying and processing of signals. Principle of negative feedback. Operational amplifier. Diode and transistor, principles of operation. Amplifiers. Digital integrated circuits.

Computer simulation of electronic devices. Data processing systems for experimental physics. Interfacing between digital and analog signals, digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters. Noises in electronic devices, registration of signals in the presence of noise. Laboratory

Logic gates, their parameters. Registration of digital signals. Synthesis of combinational logic circuits. Sequential circuits. Memory devices.

Analog elctronic devices and their parameters (electronic components, analysis of circuits, amplifiers, oscillators). Electronic test equipment.

Computer simulation of electronic devices. Requirements to get credit points

1 Laboratory and practical works.2 Examination (theory).Literature1. F. H. Mitchell Jr., F. H. Mitchell Sr. Introduction to Electronics Design. Prentice Hall, 1988.2. Tocci, Ronald J. Digital Systems. Principles and Applications. Prentice Hall, 1988.3. U. Tietze, Ch. Schenk. Electronic circuits. Design and Applications. Springer Verlag, 1991.4. P.Horovitz, W.Hill. The Art Of Electronics. Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Solid-state physics laboratory

Author I. TāleProgram Bachelor in physicsSize 4 credits

Semester 7Testing method creditPreliminary knowledge Course of the general physics: Mechanics, Structure of matter and

thermal physics. Crystal physics. Physics of non-crystalline solids. Basics of the material physics, Experimental data processing program “Origin”

Course codeCourse group Optional B

Annotation The course offers advanced experimental studies of basic problems of solid state physics , which involves investigation of physical quantities and properties of solids using the main principal methods and techniques for obtaining the electronic and ionic structure in materials with different degree of order-disorder using techniques of optical time-resolved spectroscopy, magnetic-resonance, dielectric loss spectroscopy. It is proposed to provide the studies providing the concrete tasks together with tasks in framework of educational aid in the solid state physics.

Content:Growth of crystals. Mechanical properties of crystals (plastic deformation, microhardness). Linear defects in crystals (dislocations). Point defects in crystals (optical absorption and dichroism of defects). Optical properties of defects in crystals (luminescence, polarization of luminescence). Composition and structure of defects (electron paramagnetic resonanse). Interaction of solids with ionizing radiation (accumulation and annealing of defects). Dissipation of radiation energy in solids (luminescence decay kinetics). Charge carriers in solids: (conductivity, Hall effect). Dielectric properties of solids (dielectric losses; ferroelectricity, phase transitions; piezo-effect)

Demands for obtaining of the credit: Performing and getting credits of six tasks

Literature

1. Tasks manuals 2. Set of original papers for concrete problem. 3. Literature for individual studies.

Computers and programming IAuthor Docent Andris JakovičsProgram B. Sc. in PhysicsCourse size 4 credits

Semester 1Control form test with a markNecessary knowledge’s none

Course codeCourse group main (A)Summary

The course presents the general concepts of computer hardware and its application. The aim of the course is to prepare the students for practical demands of computer applications like working with text editors and processing of numerical and graphical data. The introduction in information technologies is presented in the lectures of the course.

Content of the courseHistory of computing and software. Tendencies today. Classifications of computers,

their characterisation and principal components.Operational systems. Description of system Windows, principal elements and

peculiarities.Basic knowledge about Internet. Internet software (Netscape, e-mail, ftp, telnet).Classification of software. Editors for text, equations and graphics. Software for table

calculations and administration of databases. Software for making programs. Software for symbolic mathematics and mathematical modelling. Text editor Word and calculation using tables in Excel.

Numeration systems. Arithmetic operations in them. Conversion of numbers and coding of information. Binary arithmetic, logical operations and elements of binary logic.

Structure of computer hardware and principles of operation. Main blocks of microprocessor, scheme of operation and technology.

Data exchange between computers. Interface and protocols of data exchange. Local and global nets.

Algorithms. Block-schemes and flow diagrams. Description of programming languages.Credit requirements

Elaboration and defence of laboratory works about text editor, electronic tables, graphical software, etc. A theory test and self-supporting work in auditory.

Literature1. I. Pakalne u.c. Lasāmā grāmata informātikā. – Rīga, Mācību grāmata, 1999, 400 pp.2. T.L. Floyd. Digital fundamentals. – New York, Merrill, 1990, 772 pp. (in english)3. E. Krol. The whole Internet. – Boston, O’Reilly, 1995, 608 pp. (in english)4. PC-Technik fuer Systembetreuer. – Hannover, RRZN, 1998, 184 S. (in german)5. O. Koļesņičenko, I. Šišigins. PC aparatūras līdzekļi. – Pēterburga, BHV, 1999, 780. pp. (in russian)6. Materials from Internet.

Computers and programming IIAuthor docent Andris JakovičsProgram B. Sc. in PhysicsCourse size 4 credits

Semester 3Control form test with markNecessary knowledge’s Computers and programming I, Mathematical analysis, Geometry

and algebraCourse code

Course group main (A)Summary

The course presents the main numerical methods, and their application for solving various kinds of problems of mathematical physics, and for processing of experimental data. The basic skills in a programming language (Pascal) and software (Mathematica) are acquired performing the application of numerical methods.

Contents of the courseMain concepts of computation. Typical problems in computations. Their classification. Sources of errors, their type and occurrence in computations. Interpolation and approximation. Interpolation polinoms of Lagrange, Newton and Hermite. Choosing of nodes by Tchebyshev’s polynomials. Interpolation by splines, cubic splines. Other (not polynomial) formulations of interpolation problem. Extrapolation. Mean squared and uniform approximations of functions.Interpolation type quadrature formulas - rectangle, trapezoidal and Simpson ones. Algebraic quadrature formulas with higher accuracy – Gauss and Hermite. Richardson’s method.General concepts of linear algebraic system of equations. Their numerical solution of them. Gauss method and its modifications. Method of square root. Jordan’s scheme. Calculation of determinant, inverse matrix and eigenvalues. Methods of iteration – Seidel, relaxation, a.o., methods. Application of Thcebyshev’s polynomials for increasing of the rate of convergence. Variation type methods – minimal uncoupling, joint gradient, etc. Calculation of non-linear system of equations. Newton’s, chord, etc., methods. Relaxation, Picare’s, Newton’s methods for solving non-linear system of equations.Calculation of Cauchy’s problem for differential equations – Runge-Kutta’s methods, Adams’s method.Integrated environment of Turbo Pascal. Its structure. Elaboration of programs in this environment.

General structure of Pascal programs. Their elaboration principles. Simple and structured data types. Operations and operators. Recursion. Procedures and functions. Models of program and libraries. Structured programming. Strings. Manipulating files. Pointers and dynamical storing in memory. Object-oriented programming.

Credit requirementsElaboration and defence of laboratory works with elements of numerical methods and programming. Test of self-supporting works.

Literature1. D. Kahaner, C. Moler, S. Nash. Numerical methods and software. – Prentice – Hall, 1989, 576 pp. (in english and russian)2. A. Samarskis, A. Guļins. Skaitliskās metodes. - Maskava, Nauka, 1989, 430 pp. (in russian)3. C. Uberhuber. Computernumerik. – Berlin, Springer, 1995, Bd 1, 512 S.; Bd 2, 516 S. (in german)4. B. P. Flannery. Numerical recipes in Fortran 77. – Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996, 934 pp. (in english)5. Pascal manual. – Borland, 1992, 380 pp. (in english)

Theoretical Mechanics(Statics, kinematics, dynamics)

Author Prof. Vitauts Tamužs, Dr. Habil. Eng.Programme Bachelor of Physics

Semester 5Form of test ExamenDuration of course 4 credits Course codeCourse group A

IntroductionHistorical remarks. Newton's laws. Space, time, mass, force in mechanics.

StaticsSystems of forces. Reduction of system of forces. Resultant and moment of system of forces. Conditions of equilibrium. Parallel, complanar, and spatial force systems. Statically determinate and indeterminate systems. Central axis of forces. Centre of gravity.

KinematicsVelocity, acceleration, trajectory of mass point. Curvilinear coordinates, metric tensor, velocity and acceleration in curvilinear coordinate system. Velocity and acceleration when known trajectory, natural coordinates. Translatory, rotational and complanar motion of rigid body. Motion of rigid body around fixed point. General motion of rigid body. Velocity and acceleration in compound motion. Coriolis acceleration.

DynamicsEquations of motion of point in Cartesian, curvilinear and natural coordinates. Classification of forces. Equations of constrained motion. Momentum of point and system. Impulse of force. Principle of motion of mass centre. Low of moment of momentum. Moment of momentum about centre of mass. Motion in field of central force. Tensor of moment of inertia. Principial moments of inertia. Principial axis of inertia. Motion of rigid body around fixed point. Euler's equations of motion. Theory of gyroscope. Kinetic energy of point, system of points, rigid body. Theorem of kinetic energy. Potential energy, energy conservation law. Principle of virtual displacements. General equation of dynamics. Generalized coordinates, velocity, forces. Lagrange equation. Lagrangian function. Lagrangian action, Hamiltonian principle. Hamiltonian function. Hamiltonian equations.

Some additional problemsThe fundamentals of theory of vibration. The fundamentals of theory of impact.

Main text booksD.Kepe, J.Vība, Teorētiskā mehānika.Д.Мещерский. Сборник задач по теоретической механике.Л.Ландау, М.Лифшиц. Механика.М.Бать, Г.Джанелидзе, А.Кельзон. Теоретическая механика в примерах и задачах.

ELECTRODYNAMICS and THEORY OF RELATIVITY

Author: Prof., Dr.hab.phys. E d v ī n s Š i l t e r s

Program: physics bachelor study program Credits: 4 Part of the program: A (obligatory)Form of assessment: examPre-requisites: General physics course –

Electricity and Magnetism, Higher mathematics courses

Course annotation.Summary of three-dimensional scalar and vector field analysis. Principles of four-dimensional event space analysis. Relativistic kinematics and dynamics. Three-dimensional electromagnetic field theory for vacuum. Introduction into relativistic dynamics.

Content.1.1. Scalar and vector fields in three-dimensional space. Algebra and geometry, differentional

and integral notions. 1.2. Space of events and relativistic kinematics. The postulates of relativity. The relativity of

time and length in inertial reference frames. Special Lorenz transformations, kinematic effects of transformations. Kinematics four-dimensional quantities and their transformations, algebraical and geometrical interpretations.

1.3. Relativistic dynamics. Lagrange function for free particle, momentum, mass and energy. Hamilton function for free particle. Collisions of particles. The mass defect and binding energy. Energy-momentum vector, its transformations. Four-dimensional force, covariant form of dynamics laws.

1.4. Classical theory of electromagnetic field. Fundamental interactions. Maxwell’s equations- differential and integral forms. Continuity of electric current, equations of conservation. Potentials of electromagnetic field.

1.5. Static electric and magnetic fields. Intensity and potential of electric field. Electric multipoles and corresponding electric fields. System of electric charges in outer electric field. Magnetic multipoles, magnetic dipoles and magnetic field of magnetic dipole. Electric current in magnetic field.

1.6. Electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic radiation. Equations of electromagnetic waves, plane and spherical waves. Polarization of waves, transmission of energy by electromagnetic waves. Retarded potentials. Radiation from electric dipole. Scattering of electromagnetic waves.

1.7. Relativistic electrodynamics. Four-dimensional potential and current. Tensor of electromagnetic field. Energy-momentum tensor. Doppler effect. Lagrange and Hamilton functions for electron in electromagnetic field. Equations of charge motion.

Requirements for receiving of credits.Success in individual problem solving - six sets of practical exercises. Exam.

Literature.1. Elektrodinamika. E.Šiltera redakcijā, Rīga, Zvaigzne, 1986 (237 lpp.).2. L.Landau, E.Lifshiz. The classical theory of fields. All editions.

QUANTUM MECHANICSAuthor Docent Boriss Zapols, Dr.habil.phys.Program BSc in PhysicsCourse size 4 credit pointsSemester 6Control form examinationNecessary knowledge Courses in General Physics, Theoretical Mechanics,

Electrodynamics and Relativity, Higher Mathematics, and Mathematical Physics

Course code Course group Obligatory – Theoretical Physics (A)

Summary

Basic concepts and principles of Quantum Mechanics, as well as its mathematical formalism, approximate methods being used, and elements of quantum mechanical theory of structure of matter are presented in the Course. The Course is aimed both at mastering the calculation apparatus for microworld problems and at development of quantum mechanical intuition. Practical works on solution of problems make part of the course.

ContentThe subject of Quantum Mechanics. Short historical review. Uncertainty principle. Wave

functions. Change of representation. Superposition principle. Operators. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Operators of physical quantities. Correspondence principle. Wave equation. Energy. Coordinate, moment, parity, angular moment, spin. Schroedinger equation. Continuity equation. Free motion. Potential well. Potential barrier. Linear harmonic oscillator. Plain rotator. Central field. Coulomb field. Elements of elastic scattering theory. Quasiclassical approximation. Stationary perturbation theory (PT) for nondegenerate and degenerate levels. Linear and quadratic Stark effect. Time-dependent perturbation theory. Quantum transition probability under perturbation. The gold rule by Fermi. Uncertainty relation for energy and time. Virtual states. Elementary dispersion quantum theory. Quasiclassical theory of substance interaction with radiation. Variational methods. Identity principle. Slater determinant. Electronic correlation. Electron states of helium atom. Structure and spectra of atoms. Periodical system of elements. Adiabatic approximation; molecular terms. Classification of diatomic molecular states. Hydrogen molecule. Chemical bond; valence. Van der Waals forces. Electron structure of solids. Bloch theorem. Kronig-Penni model. Zone structure of energy spectra. Metals, dielectrics, semiconductors.

Examination requirementsTest on the problems.

Literature1. Miķelsons J., Rolovs B., Šilters E. Quantum Mechanics. Rīga, Zvaigzne, 1970 (in Latvian).2. Landau Ļ ., Lifšics J. Quantum Mechanics. Moscow, Nauka FM, 1972 (in Russian).3. Zapols B. Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Rīga, LU, 1986 (in Latvian).4. Zapols B. Schroedinger equation. Change of representation. Rīga, LU, 1988 (in Latvian).

TERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS

Author docent Ilmārs Madžulis, Dr. phys.Program B. Sc. in physicsCourse size 4 creditsSemester 8Control form examinationCredit requirements Courses in Theoretical Mechanics, Electrodynamics, and Quantum

MechanicsCourse code

Course group General (Theoretical physics) /A/Course summary

The course presents the physical and mathematical basis of thermodynamics and statistical physics, general laws of classical thermodynamics and its applications. The course contains basics of classical and quantum statistical physics, and physical kinetics.

ContentThermodynamic systems and general postulates. First law of thermodynamics, types of processes

and their heat capacities. Second law of thermodynamics. Entropy. Third law of thermodynamics, inaccessibility of absolute zero. Thermodynamic functions.

General equilibrium conditions for heterogeneous systems. Gibbs phase law. Relations for first and second type of phase transitions. Clausius-Clapeiron equation. Ehrenfest equations. Landau theory for phase transitions.

Phase space. Gibbs ansamble, distribution functions. Inclusion of the symmetry of particles and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Liuvile’s theorem. Canonical and grand canonical distributions. Calculation of thermodynamic functions in statistical physics. Microscopic interpretation of entropy, Boltzmann’s relation.

Ideal system. Maxvel distribution. Boltzmann’s distribution. Principle of equipartition. Theory of fluctuations. Fluctuations of essential thermodynamic functions.

Real systems. Real gases, interaction potential. Meyer expansion. Concept of virial expansion. Van-der-Vaals equation. Plasma, Debye-Hückel theory. Ferromagnetic, Ising model. Solution of one-dimensional Ising model. Correlation function, Debye’s screening length. Two-dimensional Ising model and the main results of its solution. Critical indexes, the role of dimension of the model. Mean field approximation.

Quantum statistics. The role of symmetry of the particle. Second quantisation. Fermi distribution. Bose distribution. Ideal Fermi and Bose systems. Temperature of degeneration. Electron gas. Magnetism of electron gas: paramagnetic and diamagnetic components. Photon gas. Bose-Einstein condensation. Debye’s model for heat capacity of solid matter.

Basics of kinetic equations. Principle of partial equilibrium. Foker-Planck equation. Braun’s motion. Boltzmann’s kinetic equation. Boltzmann’s H-theorem.

Credit requirements1. Test with practical exercises must be fulfilled before examination.2. Written examination.

Literature1. B. Rolovs. Termodinamika un statistiskā fizika. Rīga, 1968.

2. L. Landau, E. Lifšics. Statistiskā fizika. 1 daļa, 1976. (krievu val.)3. R. Feinmans. Statistiskā mehānika. 1980. (krievu val.).4. J. Rumers , M. Rivkins. Termodinamika, statistiskā fizika un kinētika. 1977 (krievu val.).5. I. Kubo. Statistiskā mehānika. Mir, 1967.

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS I

Syllabus Bachelor physicsAuthor lecturer Dzintra Damberga Mgr math.Credits 4 creditsCourse code Mate–1050Required for grade examCourse group A

AnnotationElements of the multiplicity theory. Functions of one variable: limits derivative, differential calculus

and their application.

Subjects1. Elements of mathematical logic. Elements of multiplicity theory.2. Concept of a function. Elementary functions.3. Limit of a function of one variable.4. Continuity of a function.5. Derivative at a point. Derivatives of elementary functions and of composition.6. Differential of a function. Higher order derivatives and differentials. Taylor formula.7. Application of differential calculus for the search of functions.

Requirements for received of credits1. Students are required to fulfill 4 independent home works to write 2 control works. 2. The exam takes place in oral form. Students must show understanding of deride at lectures the course

and demonstrate the ability of practical derivative of composition.

Recommended literature1. K.Steiner. Higher Mathematics, III. Riga, Zvaigzne ABC, 1998. (in latvian).2. W.Iljin, E.Poznak. Elements of Mathematical analysis. Moscow, Nauka, 1980. (in russian)3. G.Berman. Workbook mathematical analysis. Moscow, Nauka,1975. (in russian) 4. E.Kronberg, P.Rivza, Dz.Boze. Higher Mathematics, I. Riga, Zvaigzne, 1988. (in latvian)5. T.Cirulis, Dz.Damberga. Elements of theory complex variable. Riga, LU, 1991. (in latvian).

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS II

Syllabus Bachelor physicsAuthor lecturer Dzintra Damberga Mgr math.Credits 4 creditsCourse code Mate–1051Required for grade examPrerequisites Mate–1050Course group A

AnnotationThe objects of the course are: indefinite and definite integral, application of definite integral.

Functions of several variables. Differential calculus for functions of many variables. Elements of curven differencialgeometry. Line integral of the first type and second type.

Subjects:1. Antiderivative an indefinite integral. Basic properties of indefinite integrals. Methods of integration:

substitution, integration by parts, integration of rational functions, of trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.

2. Definite integral, their examples and application in geometry and physic. 3. Improper integrals first and second type and their application.4. Functions of several variables: limit of a function and continuity. Partial derivatives. Directional

derivative, gradient.5. Differential calculus of a function of several variables. Higher order derivatives and differentials of a

function of several variables.6. Implicit functions. Existence and properties of an implicit function. The concept of dependence of a

system of function. 7. The concept of extremum of a function of several variables. 8. Elements of curven differentialgeometry: concept of a smooth curve. Concept of a vector–function.,

limits, derivative and differential, their applications.9. Line integrals of the first type, line integrals of the second type and their applications.

Requirements for received of credits:1. Students are required to fulfill 4 independents home works and to write 2 control works.2. The exam takes place in oral form. Students must show understanding of theoretical material

considered at lectures an demonstrate the ability of solving practical problems corresponding to the course.

Recommended literature.1. K.Steiner. Higher Mathematics, III. Riga, Zvaigzne ABC, 1998. (in latvia)2. K.Steiner. Higher Mathematics, IV, Riga, Zvaigzne ABC, 1999. (in latvian)3. W.Iljin. E.Poznak. Elements of Mathematical analysis. Moscow, Nauka, 1980. (in russian)4. G.Berman. Workbook Mathematical analysis. Moscow, Nauka, 1975. (in russian)5. E.Kronberg, P.Rivza, Dz.Boze. Higher Mathematics, II. Riga, Zvaigzne.(in latvian)6. T.Cirulis, V.Neimanis. Differentialgeometry. Riga, Zvaigzne, 1990. (in latvian)

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS III

Syllabus Bachelor physicsAuthor lecturer Dzintra Damberga Mgr math.Credits 4 creditsCourse code Mate–1052Required for grade examPrerequisites Mate–1050, Mate–1051Course group A

AnnotationThe objects of the course are: Multiple integrals, Surface integrals. Fundamentals of vector calculus.

Real number series. Functional series. Power series. Furrier series.

Subjects1. Double integral. Green formula and its applications.2. Triple integrals. Geometric and physical applications.3. Surface integrals of the first type. Surface integrals of the second type.4. Stokes theorem and its applications. Ostrogradsky theorem and its applications.5. Vector field. Vector lines and vector surfaces. Divergence. Circulation. Rotor.6. Solenoid and potential fields. Nabla–operator and its applications.7. Real number series, its convergence. Convergence of a series with positive terms.8. Alternating series and Leibnic convergence test.9. Functional series: pointwise convergence, versus uniform convergence. Theorems of Uniform

convergence functional series.10. Power series. Power series of some elementary functions.11. Furrier series. 12. Complex number series, its convergence. Complex form of a

Furrier series. Furrier integral.

Requirements for received of credits1. Students are required to fulfill 3 independent home works, an to write 2 control works.2. The exam takes place in oral form. Students must show understanding of theoretical material

considered at lectures and demonstrate of solving practical problems corresponding to the course.

Recommended literature1. K.Steiner. Higher Mathematics, V. Riga, Zvaigzne ABC, 2000. (in latvian)2. B.Budak, S.Fomin. Multiple integrals and series. Moscow, Nauka, 1969. (in russian)3. G.Berman. Workbook Mathematical analysis. Moscow, Nauka, 1975. (in russian)4. E.Kronbergs, P.Rivza, Dz.Boze. Higher Mathematics, I, II. Riga, Zvaigzne. 1988. (in latvian)5. K.Steiner. Series. Riga, LVU, 1999. (in latvian)

Algebra and Geometry 1

Author Dr.math..,Ojars JudrupsProgram Bachelor of PhysicsCourse extent 3 creditsSemester 1Test form examinationPreconditions noneCourse codeCourse group A (mandatory)

SummaryThe course contains: matrix, determinate, invertible matrix, Kramer’s theorem and Gauss method for linear equations systems solving, Vector algebra, the geometry of lines and planes.

Contents1. Matrix, matrix operations, special kind of matrix.2. Definition of determinants, basic properties of determinants.3. Linear equations systems and solving methods: Kramer’s formula and Gauss method.4. Inverse of matrix, basic properties.5. Vector algebra, vectors linear operations.6. Vectors linear independent, base, dimension and system of coordinate.7. Scalar, vectorial and mixed product of vectors8. The equations of lines and planes in 2D and 3D spaces.

RequirementsThere must be written 9 test-works during the semester and passed oral examination.

Textbooks1. M.Belovs, O.Judrups. Matricas, determinanti un lineāras vienādojumu sistēmas. R., 1987.2. Kronbergs E., Rivža P., Bože Dz. Augstākā matemātika, 1.daļa., 1988.3. M. Belovs, O.Judrups. Matricas, determinanti un lineāras vienādojumu sistēmas. Uzdevumu krājums.

R., 1983.D. Kļeteņiks. Uzdevumu krājums analītiskajā ģeometrijā., Maskava, 1969.(krievu valodā

Algebra and Geometry 2

Author Dr.math..,Ojars JudrupsProgram Bachelor of PhysicsCourse extent 3 creditsSemester 2Test form examinationPreconditions Mate-1012 ( Algebra and Geometry 1 )Course code Mate-1013Course group A (mandatory)

SummaryThe course contains: vector spaces and subspaces, bases and dimension of space, general theory for linear equations systems, linear operator, quadratic forms, quadrics and conics, groups.

Contents1. Properties of vector spaces, subspaces, linearly dependent vectors, basis for spaces and dimension

vector spaces, isomorphic vector spaces.2. Euclidean space, norm and distance for vector, Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, Gram-Schmidt process.3. Rank of matrix, general solution of systems of linear equations. Least squares.4. Quadrics: ellipse, parabola and hyperbola. Directrix, pole, polar.5. Coordinate transformations on plane, reduction of equations of 2. Order. Conics: ellipsoid,

paraboloid and hyperboloid. Rotation, conic, cylindric.6. Coordinate transformations in vector spaces.7. Linear operators, matrix of linear operators, eigenvalues and eigenvectors.8. Quadric Forms, classification of quadric forms, diagonalizing quadric forms.9. Groups and representation of groups.

Requirement. There must be written 9 test-works during the semester and passed oral examination.

Textbooks4. M.Belovs, O.Judrups. Lineārā telpa. R., 1980.5. M.Belovs, O.Judrups. Telpas ar skalāro reizinājumu. R., 1990.6. M.Belovs, O.Judrups. Lineāri operatori. R., 1991.7. M.Belovs, O.Judrups. Kvadrātiskās formas. R., 1992.8. Kronbergs E., Rivža P., Bože Dz. Augstākā matemātika, 1.daļa., 1988.9. M. Belovs, O.Judrups. Lineārā telpa un lineāri operatori. Uzdevumu krājums. R., 1983.10. D. Kļeteņiks. Uzdevumu krājums analītiskajā ģeometrijā., Maskava, 1969.(krievu valodā)

DIFFERENCIAL EQUATIONS(Diferenciālvienādojumi)

Programm physics bachelorAuthor docent O.Lietuvietis, Dr.math.Credits 5 creditsCourse code Required for grade examinationPrerequisites base course of higher mathematicsAnnotation. The course is devoted to the basic concepts, results, methods of solving and applications of ordinary differential equations (ODEs).

Subjects:1. Definition and classification of ODEs. Mathematical modeling of some exciting ” real life ”

problems with ODEs.2. First – order ODEs : Direction fields, isoclines and solution curves. Initial value problems and

conditions of their solvability. Separable, homogeneous, exat and linear equations. Examples of applications. Elementary numerical methods.

3. Higher – order ODEs : Initial and boundary value problems. Methods of integration and reduction of order. General theory of linear ODEs. Second – order linear ODEs with constant coefficients and solving and interpreting models of forced and unforced oscillations in physical systems.

4. Systems of ODEs : Reduction to first order systems. Vector notation. Geometrical interpretation and conditions of solvability of initial value problems. Concepts of dynamical and autonomous systems. Phase planes and trajectories. Methods of integration. Basic theory of linear systems of ODEs: Vector – matrix notation. Structure of general solutions of nonhomogenous linear systems. Variation of parametrs. Superposition principles. Solving homogeneous linear systems with constant coefficients.

5. Theory of stability : Stability and asymptotic stability of solutions in the sence of Liapunov. Unstability. Stability of linear systems with constant coefficients. Phase plane portraits for systems of two dimensions. Equlibrium states of nonlinear autonomous systems. Linearization theory. Liapunov’s function method.

Requirements for receiving of credits: 48 hours lectures, 32 hours practical work. The examination takes place in the oral form. Students must to show an understanding of the basic notions and its significanse for applications of each part of the course.

Recommended literature: 1. E.Kronbergs, P.Rivža, Dz.Bože. Higher mathematics. Vol. II, Riga , 1988 (in Latvian).2. K.Šteiners. Differential equations. Riga, 1992 (in Latvian).3. William E.Boyce, Richard C.Diprima. Elementary differential equations and boundary value

problems. New York, 1986.4. L.E.Elsgolc. Differential equations and calculus of variations. Moscow, 1969 (in Russian).5. E.Kamke. Handbook on ordinary differential equations. Moscow, 1976 (in Russian).

Probability theory and mathematical statistics(Varbūtību teorija un matemātiskā statistika)

Course code Author Lect. J.Smotrovs, Mg.Math.

Credits 3 creditsRequired for grade examination

Prerequisites

Annotation. The objectives of the course are: classical probability theory, random variables, distributions and its parameters, law of large numbers, limiting theorems, regresion, information and entropy, the elements of mathematical statistic, the treatment of the statistical data.

Subjects:1. The elements of combinatorics. Set of events. Set of probability. Conditional probability. Formula of

complete probability and Bayesian formula. Bernoulli scheme. Poisson theorem. Moivre – Laplace theorems.

2. Random variables and distribution function. Density function and characteristic function. Multidimensional distribution of random variables. Parameters of distribution: mean value, variance, moments, quantile, e.t.c.. Correlation. Regression.

3. Information and entropy.4. Lows of large numbers. Central limiting theoremas.5. The elements of mathematical statistic: treatment of statistical data, sample, estimates of parameters,

interval of confidence, statistical hypothesis, significant test.

Requirements for receiving of credits: 32 hours lectures and 32 hours practical work. Students are required to fulfill 2 laboratory works. The examination takes place in oral form. Ticket of the examination contain two questions of the theory and two problems.

Recommended literature:1. V.Labejevs Varbūtību teorija un matemātiskā statistika fiziķiem.. Rīga:LVU, 1980.2. B.V.Gnedenko. The probability theory (Russian). Moscow, 1961, - 406 p.3. W.Feller. An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Vol.1,2, new-York; 1966. 500.,

752 pp. 4. V.E.Gmurman. Handbook for solving the problems of probability theory and mathematical statistics.

(Russian). Moscow, 1975, - 334 p.

Theory of complex variables(Kompleksā mainīgā funckiju teorija)

Course code Authors Prof. T.Cīrulis Dr. hab. math.,

Lect. J.Smotrovs, Mg.Math.Credits 4 credits

Required for grade examinationPrerequisites Mate-3143, Mate-2135

Annotation. The objectives of the course are: methods of complex calculus, complex variables and conformal mapping, integrals, Taylor and Laurent series, singular points and residues, analytic continuation.

Subjects:6. Complex number and complex calculus with algebraic and transcendent operations. Complex plane.7. Curves and domains of the complex plane.8. Complex variable. Limit, continuity and derivative. Geometric interpretation. Multifunction and

Riemann surface.9. Conformal mapping. Elementary variables.10. Integral of the complex plane. Cauchy theorem. Newton – Leibnic and Cauchy integral formulas.11. Series of complex number and variables. Weierstrass theorem. Taylor and Laurent series.12. Singular points and residues. Cauchy residual theorem. Applications of residues.13. Analytic continuation. Principle of permanence.

Requirements for receiving of credits: 32 hours lectures and two independent home works. The examination takes place in oral form. Ticket of the examination contain two questions of the theory and one problem.

Recommended literature:1. T.Cīrulis, Dz.Damberga. Kompleksā mainīgā funkciju teorijas elementi, - Rīga, LU, 1991.- 135 lpp.2. T.Cīrulis, Dz.Damberga. Kompleksā mainīgā funkciju teorijas metodes.- Rīga, LU, 1992.- 130 lpp.3. E. Riekstiņš. Matemātiskās fizikas metodes. - Rīga, Zvaigzne, 1969. 629 lpp. 4. A.Lūsis. Kompleksā mainīgā funkciju teorija. - Rīga, LVU, 1.-4.daļa,1966 - 1977. 5. T.Cīrulis, O.Dzenītis. Kompleksā mainīgā funkciju teorija piemēros. - Rīga, Zvaigzne, 1983. - 329

lpp.6. L.I.Volkovskis u.c. Kompleksā mainīgā funkciju teorijas uzdevumu krājums. Maskava, Zinātne,

1075. – 320 lpp.

B

Seminar in physics and engineering-physics

Author Docent Andris JakovičsProgram B. Sc. in physicsCourse size 2 credits

Semester 1Control form test

Necessary knowledge’s noneCourse code

Course group BSummary

The seminar introduces to principal research institutions in physics and coherent sciences. The principal research subjects of physics and engineering in Latvia and their representatives are introduced.

Content1. Seminars in various research institutions about their subjects of investigation.Solid state physics in Latvia and in the world – research made by the Institute of Solid State Physics, UL.Magneto-hydrodynamics and heat physics – investigations made by the Institute of Physics, UL.Investigations made by the Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, UL.Mechanics of composite materials – investigations made by the Institute of Polymer Mechanics, UL.Astronomy and space sciences – investigations made by the Institute of Astronomy, UL.Introducing with the Latvian Council of Hydro-meteorology.Hydrology and applied heat physics – investigations made by the Laboratory for Mathematical Modelling of Environmental and Technological Processes, UL.Computer simulations of transfer processes – investigations made by the Educational Centre of Computer Technology, UL.2. Seminars about chosen topics.Education of physics in Latvia and in the world. Principles in structure formation. Materials for solid state ionic. Physics for ecological technology in future. Materials for optometry. Modelling of processes in gas reservoirs in underground. Application of thermography. Physical oceanography. Optoelectronics, fibre and biomedical optics. Patents. Application of holographic recording in amorphous semiconductor. Materials for photonics and physical problems with them. Mechanics of continuous media and engineering physics. 100 years of quantum mechanics. Physics, management and society. Magnetic liquids – new intelligent materials. Mathematical modelling of technological processes nowadays.

Credit requirementsElaboration and defence of individual work about the chosen topic.

LiteratureDepends on the individual topic

Materials from Internet.

INTRODUCTION IN HYDRODYNAMICS and THERMOPHYSICS

Author prof. G.Sermons, Dr. hab. phys.doc. L. Shnidere, Dr. phys.

Volume 2 credit p.Semester 2Comtrolform examinationPreliminary mathematics, mechanicCourse codeCourse group B

AnnotationThe course presents the basic principles of the mechanics offluids taking as a basic a simplify models of fluid. All importantfluid forms is consider: laminar, turbulent, with a free surface, diffusions and supersonic flows.

ContentFundamental concepts relating to fluids, fluids in equilibrium. The principles of fluid motion. The fluids continuity. Bernoulli's equation. The momentum equation and its applications. Two kinds of flow. The Reynolds number. Laminar flow. TheHagen-Poiseille law. The Couette flow. The measurement ofviscosity. The theory of hydrodynamic lubrication. Turbulent flowin pipes. Head lost to friction in a pipes. Boundary layers andwakes. Distribution of velocity in turbulent flow. The flow of an ideal fluid. The streamlines and streamfunctions. Flow with a freesurface. The Chery equation. Simple waves and surges in openchannels. The hydraulic jump. The groundwater flow. The grounwaterpollutions. The problems of the pollutions and its controls. Flowwith appreciable changes of density. Shock waves. Supersonic flowin pipes with variable cros-section.

Requirements for credit test

LiteratureSermons G. Hidrodinamikas pamati.1998.Massey B.S. Mechanics of fluids. 1994.Fried J.J. Grounwater pollution. 1975.

INTRODUCTION TO SOLID-STATE MECHANICS

Author prof. Vitauts TamužsVolume 2 credit p.Semester 3Comtrolform examinationPreliminary General courses in mathematics, mechanicCourse codeCourse group B

AbstractObjection of the course consists in introduction of knowledge about internal forces and deformation in solids. The approaches of crystal lattice and continuum are considered. Introduction in theory of stress and strain states. The simplest methods of engineering design (methods of the strength of materials). Introduction in fracture mechanics, creep and plasticity.

Content

1. Mechanics as separate part of physics. Historical review.2. Classification of materials. The price and availability of materials.3. Main properties of materials: density, stiffness and strength.4. Strength and stiffness of materials, calculated from the bond of ideal crystal lattice

(theoretical strength).5. Defects in solids: dislocations, cracks and pores.6. Stress state is solid, stress tensor, principal stresses.7. Strain state in solids.8. Hooke's Law elastic constants.9. Strength at complex stress state. Strength and yield criterions.10. Simplest methods of engineering design. Bending of beams.11. Potential energy of deformed body. Its minimisation.12. Introduction of fracture mechanics.13. Non-linear deformation. Creep.14. Plastic deformation behaviour. Plastic limit design.15. Introduction in mechanics of composites.

References

1. E.Lavendels. Materiālu pretestība.2. V.Feodosyev. Strength of materials (in Russian).3. Yu.Robotnov. Strength of materials (in Russian).4. N.Dowling. Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 1993.5. M.Ashby, D.Jones. Engineering Materials, 1997.

Introduction to Computational Modelling

Author docent Leonīds BuliginsCredits 2Semester 3

Control form testPrerequisite Computers and programming, General physics, Basic heat transfer,

Mathematical analysis, algebra and geometryCourse code

Course group

Annotation

Computational modelling as an additional tool to the theoretical and experimental methods of investigation in physics, advantages and drawbacks of each method. Simulation of simplest physical fields.

Content

Software for simulating physical fields. CAD software, file formats. Definition of geometry. Topology of computational grid. Structured and unstructured grids, methods and software of grid generation. Examples of grid generation in 2 and 3 dimensions.Simulation of simplest physical fields. Comparison of numerical and analytical solutions.Visualisation of scalar and vector field data. Animation of physical fields.

Requirements

Simulation of specified problem, analysis of results.

Literature.1. Joe D. Hoffman. Numerical Methods for Engineers and Scientists, McGraw-Hill, 19922. S.V. Patankar. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. Computational Methods in

Mechanics and Thermal Science, Hemisphere Pub, 19803. G.B.Arfken, H.J.Weber. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, Academic Press,1995.4. W.H.Press, S.A.Tekoulsky, W.T.Vetterling, B.P.Flannery. Numerical Recipes in Fortran,

Cambridge University Press, 1994.5. J.G.Andrews, R.R.McLone. Mathematical modelling, Butterworths, 1976.

PHYSICS OF COMPUTATION

Author professor Andrejs CebersProgram bachelor of physicsVolume 2 credit pointsSemester 3Control exam pass/no pass

Conditions Courses of general physics: mechanics, structure of matter and thermal processes, programming skills.Code of course

Group of course B

AnnotationThe physical principles which determine the computation processes and algorithms are considered. General ideas of the theory of algorithms are given.

ContentNP and NP-complete problems. Their physical examples. The method of simulated annealing. Concept of information. Coding. Computability. Turing machines. Church thesis. Complexity of functions. Quantum computers. Q-bit. Entangled states. Elements of discrete electronics. Thermodynamics of computation. Fredkin gate and its realisation by billiard balls. II thermodynamics law. Maxwell’s demon. Bennett theorem about minimal necessary work for erasing of one bit of information. Brownian dynamics as tool of the modelling of the physical systems. Langevin equation. Feynman ratchet. Chemical energy transformation to the mechanical work. Curie theorem. Molecular motors and their calculation by the method of the Brownian dynamics.

Requirements to obtain the credit Accomplish practical works corresponding to each of the theoretical subdivision points.

Literature1. R.P.Feynman. Feynman lectures on computation. - Penguin books, 1999.2. R.P.Feynman. The Feynman lectures on physics. v. IV. – M.: “Mir”.

3. Kirkpatrick S., Gelatt Jr.C.D., Vecchi M.P. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science – 1983 – v.220, N 4598 – P.671-680.

Tensor analysis

Lector lecturer Sandris LācisProgram bachelor of physicsCourse value 2 credit points

Semester 4thExamination form pass/failure testPrerequisites Mathematics: Mathematical Analysis, Geometry and algebra.

Course codeCourse group by choice (B part)

Annotation The main topics of the course cover basic properties of tensors and application of tensors to physics of continuous media. Tensor analysis in curvilinear coordinates includes derivation of differential operators. Dynamic, cinematic and physical equations are considered for elastic media as well as for ideal and viscous fluids.Present course forms the basis for further studies of different branches of continuum mechanics (elasticity theory, hydrodynamics etc.).

ContentScalar and vector objects in physics. Stress field in elastic media. Relation between .. and stress matrix. Inertia tensor. Curvilinear coordinate: local and joint bases, metric matrix. Covariant and contravariant components of vectors and component transformations. Differentiation of base vectors, Christoffel symbols of the first and second kind. Differentiation of vectors.Definition of tensor, transformation of tensor components. Differentiation of tensors, differential operators and integral theorems in generalised coordinates.Second order tensors: invariants, principal values and axes. Second order tensor-functions. Balance equation and equation of motion.

Velocity field and the rate of strain tensor. Individual acceleration of a particle. Mass conservation law. Relation between stress and deformation in different media.

Requirements to get credit pointsSolution of selected problem set, oral examination about the theory part of the course.

Literature1. I.S. Sokolnikoff Tensor analysis2. J.A. Schouten Tensor Analysis for Physicists 3. D.S. Chandrasekharaiah Continuum Mechanics4. Б.Е. Победря. Лекции по тензорному анализу

Numerical methods

Author docent Andris JakovičsProgram B. Sc. in physics

Course size 2 creditsSemester 4Control form test with markNecessary knowledges computers and programming I, computers and

programming II, mathematical analysis, linear algebraCourse code

Course group general (B)

AnnotationThe aim of the course is to introduce students with general concepts of numerical analysis, and to extend the notion about problems that arises solving the problems of mathematical physics by numerical methods, especially using the method of finite differences.

ContentSystem of linear algebraic equations. LU expansion. Choice of leading element and restructuring matrixes. Parameter of conditionality of the system. Appreciation of relative error and accumulation of errors. Calculation of determinant and inverse matrix.

Iteration methods. Classification and variants of expressing them. Condition of convergence and analysis of convergence rate. Use of Tchebicheff polynomials for increasing the rate of convergence. Variation type methods of iteration.

Systems of non-linear equations. The convergence of stationary methods. Linearisation and various combinations of internal and external iterations.

Cauchy problem for ordinary differential equation. The family of Runge-Kutta methods with different precision and convergence of them. Multiple-step (Adams) methods, approximation order, stability and convergence of them.

Method of finite differences and its basic concepts. Approximation of differential equations and boundary conditions. Integro-interpolation method. Convergence. Direct and indirect schemes for parabolic (heat transfer) type of equation. Two- and three-layer schemes. Schemes for hyperbolic type of equation. Schemes for the cases with varying coefficients and non-linear equations. Error of approximations; correctness and convergence of the scheme, connection between the stability and convergence. Approximation of elliptic (Poisson) type of equations, stability and convergence of corresponding differential scheme.

Direct and iteration methods of solving differential equations. Factorisation. Iteration methods of Seidel, upper relaxation and Tchebicheff parameters. Methods of varying direction and matrix-like factorisation; their convergence and stability. Reduction method.

Credit requirementsPreparing of the report about chosen topic, elaboration of individual exercise, test with theoretical

question.

Literature 1. A. Samarskis, A. Guļins. Skaitliskās metodes. - Maskava, Nauka, 1989, 430 lpp. (krievu val.)2. C. Uberhuber. Computernumerik. – Berlin, Springer, 1995, Bd 1, 512 S.; Bd 2, 516 S. (vācu

val.)3. B. P. Flannery. Numerical recipes in Fortran 77. – Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996,

934 pp (angļu val.)

METHODS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

Author Dozent M.Belovs, Dr.math.Program bachelor of physicsCredits 4 creditsRequired for grade examinationSemester 5Prerequisites General physics and calculus coursesCourse codeGroup of course B

Annotation:The objective of course is simulation of real processes with the help of functional equations. It includes: composition of equations (or equation systems), setting of a problem, classification, mathematical correctness, methods of the simplest classic solutions, physical interpretations or checking.

Subjects:1. General scheme for the research of natural processes with the help of the equations of

mathematical physics.2. The most important methods of equation (system) composition. Examples.3. Partial differential equations.4. Setting of a problem, classification, correctness.

5. Cauchy problem for wave equations in R1, R2, R3 spaces, their solution, physical interpretation, correctness.

6. Methods of separation of variables (Fourier) for mixed problems and boundary-value problem.

7. Integral transformations and its applications in mathematical physics.8. Notation of generalised solutions of a problem. Application

Requirements for receiving of credits: 1. Before the examination one needs to have exam in practical work.2. The examination takes place in oral form.

Recommended literature:1. E. Riekstinsh. Methods of mathematical physics. L… 629 p. (in Latvian).2. A. Tihonov, A. Samarski. Equations of mathematical physics. Moscow, Nauka, 1975 (in

Russian).

Theory of elasticity and plasticityAuthor professor Vitauts Tamužs

Program B. Sc. in physicsCourse size 2 creditsSemester 6Control form examNecessary knowledges General courses in mathematics, introduction in mechanics of

solids, theoretical mechanics, tensor analysis and mechanics of continuum. Principles of theory of fracture.

Course codeCourse group general (B)

AbstractThe theory of stress and strain state is reminded (students should be familiar with principles of continuum mechanics). Solutions of different classes of problems: beams, plates, two-dimensional problems, variation principles and numerical methods. Principles of theory of plasticity and the simplest problems. Two-dimensional solutions.

The content1. Principles of theory of elasticity.

Stress and strain state. Boundary conditions. Stress equations of equilibrium and motion. Deformation tensors. Hooke's Law. Compatibility conditions. Equations for displacements. Lame equations. Equations for stresses, Beltrami equations. Uniqueness of solution.

2. Two-dimensional problem.Plane strain and plane stress state. Airy function. Equations in Cartesian and Polar coordinates. Lame problem. Flaman-Bousinesq solution. Circular and elliptical holes.

3. Plates and bars.Bending of bars, torsion of bars. Hydrodynamical and membrane analogy in torsion. Bending of plates. Boundary conditions.

4. Variation principles.Statically admissible stress and kinematically admissible displacements. Theorem of minimum potential energy. Castigliano theorem. Variation methods of solution. Rayleigh-Ritz method. Bubnov-Galerkin's method. Torsion of bar and bending of plates by variation methods. Basic of finite element method.

5. Theory of plasticity.Deformational and incremental theories of plasticity. Yield conditions. Potential of plasticity and Drucker's theorem. Two-dimensional problem. Characteristics and their properties. Elastic-plastic torsion. Variation theorems in theory of plasticity. Kinematically admissible displacements and statically admissible stress states. Limit state theorems.

6. The theories of strength and fracture.Strength criterions for isotropic and anysotropic materials. Two concepts of fracture: linear fracture and damage theories. The formulas of Kolosov-Mushelishvili. Linear fracture theory. Stress concentration and stress intensity factor. Theories of Griffith and Irwin. Elastic - plastic cracks.

References1. E.Lavendels. Elastības teorija.2. Yu.Amenzade. Theory of elasticity (in Russian), 1971.3. L.Kachanov. Foundations of theory of plasticity (in Russian), 1969.4. Yu.Rabotnov. Mechanics of deformable solids (in Russian).5. Ewalds, Wanhill. Fracture Mechanics.

APROXIMATE METHODS IN PHYSICS

Author Docent M.Belovs, Dr.math.Program bachelor of physicsCredits 2 creditsRequired for gradeSemester 6Prerequisites Calculus, Mathematical Physics for bachelor gradeCourse codeGroup of course B

Annotation:The objects of the course are various asymptotic methods for function approximation and their applications: integral asymptotic, asymptotic methods of the solution for differential equations, asymptotic solutions for transcendent equations and their various generalisations.

Subjects:1. The most important operations with asymptotic expansions.2. Asymptotic expansions of the roots of Algebraic and transcendent equations. Regular and

singular asymptotic.3. Uniform asymptotic expansions in the theory of non-linear oscillation. 4. Differential equations with boundary layer.

5. Singular perturbation for linear partial differential equations.6. Differential equations with large parameters. Methods of VKB.7. Review of asymptotic methods for the solution of operator equations.8. Asymptotic expansions of integrals.9. Advantages and deficiencies of asymptotic methods. Connection between calculating and

asymptotic methods.

Requirements for receiving of credits: 16 hours lectures, 16 hours practical work. Students are required to fulfil 2 independent home works for themes 2, 3, 4, 6.

Recommended literature:3. Ф.Олвер. Асимптотика и специальные функции. Москва, «Наука», 1978., 376 стр. 4. А.Эрдейи. Асимптотические разложения. Москва, «Наука», 1981., 127 стр.5. М.В.Федорюк. Асимптотика. Интегралы и ряды, Москва, «Наука», 1987., 544 стр.6. А.Найфе. Введение в методы возмущений. Москва, «Мир», 1976., 455 стр.7. Н.Н.Моисеев. Асимптотические методы в нелинейной механике. Москва, «Наука»,

1981., 400 стр.8. А.М.Ильин. Согласование асимптотических разложений решений краевых задач.

Москва, «Наука», 1989., 336 стр.9. Н.С.Бахвалов, Г.П.Панасенко. Осреднение процессов в периодических средах. Москва,

«Наука», 1988., 312 стр.10. В.П.Маслов. Асимптотические методы теории возмущений. Москва, «Наука», 1988.,

313 стр.

NONLINEAR EQUATIONS AND SOLITONSAuthor Professor Imants BersonsProgram bachelor of physicsVolume 1 credit pointsSemester 6Control examConditions courses of general physics: mechanics, structure of matter and thermal

physics. Courses of mathematics: mathematical analysis, differential equations, equations of mathematical physics

Code of courseGroup of course B

Content1. Various equations used in physics.History of solitons. Russel’s discovery. Korteveg-de Vries equation. Investigation of heat transfer problem by Fermi, Pasta and Ulam. Unexpected results of numerical calculation by Kruscal and Zabusky. Miura and conservation laws.2. One-soliton solution of Korteveg-de Vries, sin-Gordon and non-linear Schrodinger equations. Two-soliton solution of sin-Gordon equation – breathers and scattering of kinks. 3. Beklund transformation. Some examples.4. Hirota’s method for solution of nonlinear equations. D-operators and their properties. Representation of various non-linear differential equations using Hirota’s operators.5. Inverse scattering method for solution of nonlinear differential equations. Miura’s transformation of Korteved-de Vries equation. One-dimensional quantum mechanical scattering problem. Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko integralequation and its n-soliton solution.6. Derivation of sin-Gordon and non-linear Schrodinger equations. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in medium. Resonant system – sin-Gordon equation, nonresonant system – non-linear Schrodinger equation.7. Separation of fast and slow variables in non-linear differential equations.8. Two- and three-dimensional non-linear differential equations. Virial theorem. Yang-Mills equations. Two-dimensional exponentially damped solutions – dromions.9. Quantization of field equations. Kink and quasiclassical quantization procedure.

Requirements to obtain the credit Oral exam

NONLINEAR SYSTEMS: I, II

Author Professor Andrejs CebersProgram bachelor of physicsVolume 3 credit pointsSemester 6 and 7Control examConditions courses of general physics: mechanics, structure of matter and thermal

physics. Courses of mathematics: mathematical analysis, differential equations, equations of mathematical physics

Code of courseGroup of course B

AnnotationNon-linear phenomena in different dissipative systems are considered and their mathematical models are given. Basic bifurcations leading to the structure formation processes in those systems are characterised.

ContentSwift-Hohenberg equation and formation of the periodic stationary structures. Ginzburg-Landau equation for the structure order parameter. Stability of the periodic structures - Eckhaus instability and zig-zag instability. Phase diffusion equation. Reaction-diffusion systems. Activator and inhibitor. Turing instability. Fisher equation and selection of the front velocity. Mullins-Sekerka instability. Ivantsov solution. Autosimilar solution for the propagation of the crystallisation front and its existence conditions. Autosimilar solutions of I and II kind. Barenblat equation. Deterministic chaos. Lorenz equations. Characteristic scenario of chaos emergence. Ginzburg-Landau equations and the transformations of the hexagonal and stripe patterns.

Requirements to obtain the credit Oral exam

Literature1. M.C.Cross, P.C.Hohenberg. Pattern formation outside of equilibrium. Reviews of Modern

Physics - 1993 - v.65, N 3 - P.851-1112.2. J.D.Murray. Mathematical biology - 1993, Springer.3. E.Ott. Chaos in dynamical systems - 1993, Cambridge University Press.

THEORY OF GROUPS

Author docent Vladimirs IvinsProgram B. Sc. in physicsCourse size 2 creditsSemester 6.Control formNecessary knowledges Basics of linear algebraCourse code Course group B

Summary

Concept of symmetry in physics appears to be one of the most successful in science. The symmetry of an object, an equation, or a process allows to determine properties of the body, or solution of the equation, or character of the process. The mathematical language for the symmetry is group theory and group representations. The special course is devoted to application of group representation for particular physical tasks: point groups, symmetric (permutation) group, rotation group. These tasks are related with crystal symmetries, symmetry of wave function and physical properties in three dimensional space. The dynamic symmetry is considered and Green’s functions are introduced.ContentsThe basics of abstract group theory. Definitions of groups. Examples of groups: permutation groups of numbers and matrixes. Subgroups. Keili’s theorem. Adjacent classes. Lagrange theorem. Normal subgroups. Factor-groups. Homomorphism of groups. Principal theorem of homomorphism. Direct multiplication of groups. Point groups. Symmetry elements. Equivalent axes and planes. Double-sided axis. Rotation of groups with respect to axis. Group of diedrs. Law of rational indexes. Sn, Cnh , Cnv, Dnh

and Dnd groups. Group of regular polyhedron. Representations of groups. Principal definitions. Equivalent representation. Characters. Expansion of representations. Shur’s lemma. Relations of orthogonality. Criteria of irreducibility. Regular representations. Unitary representations. Two theorems for non-equivalent representations of irreducible groups. Expansion of functions on base functions of irreducible functions. Operations with representations. Irreducible representations of point groups. Abel groups. Non-commutative groups. Character tables for irreducible representation of point groups. Irreducible representations of symmetric (permutation) groups. Irreducible representations of rotation groups. Classification of physical quantities. Dynamic symmetry and Green functions. Green functions of differential and integral equations.

Credit requirements Solving of exercise is necessary for the completion of test.

Literature1. Эллиот Дж. , Добер П. Симметрия в физике. Т. 1,2. - М.: Мир, 1983.2. Ландау Л.Д. , Лифшиц Е.М. Квантовая механика. Нерелятивистская теория. - М.: 1974.

Глава 12.3. A.Jaunbergs. Cietvielu teorijas pamati. Simetrijas teorija. Rīga: LU, 1982.4. A.Jaunbergs. Cietvielu teorijas pamati. Simetrijas grupas. Rīga: LU, 1983. 5. И.А.Малкин, В.И.Манько. Динамическая симметрия и когерентные состояния квантовых

систем. - М.: Наука, 1979. - 320 с.

Theoretical hydrodynamics

Author Professor Andrejs CebersProgram bachelor of physics

Volume 4 credit pointsSemester 7Control examConditions Courses of general physics: mechanics, structure of matter and thermal

physics. Courses of mathematics: mathematical analysis, vector analysis, differential equations, equations of mathematical physics

Code of courseGroup of course B

AnnotationThe general principles of the construction of the mathematical models of the continuous media are considered. On the basis of the mathematical equations formulated the description of the different problems of the dynamics of the liquids and the gases are given.

ContentBasic notions of the continuous media mechanics. Continuity equation. Stress tensor. Ideal and viscous fluid models. Equation of motion. Continuous media full energy balance equation. Internal energy equation. Local equilibrium hypotheses. Temperature equation. Vortices tube and circulation conservation theorem. Potential flows. Flow around bodies and lifting force. Hill vortices. Two-dimensional flows of the ideal liquid. Flow of viscous fluid and Stokes flows. Fundamental solution of the Stokes equations. Sphere in the Stokes flow. Hele-Shaw flow. Saffman-Taylor instability. Problems of the gas dynamics. Simple waves. Shock waves. Gugonio adiabate. Non-linear waves on the surface of heavy liquid. Equation of Korteveg - de Vries.

Requirements to obtain the credit Oral exam

Literature1. G.K.Batchelor. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press.2. L.D.Landau, E.M.Lifshitz. Hydrodynamics (in Russ.) - 1986, Moscow, Nauka.3. G.B.Whitham. Linear and Nonlinear Waves - 1974, John Wiley&Sons.4. L.I.Sedov. Continuous media mechanics (in Russ.) - 1976, Moscow, Nauka

Numerical hydrodynamics

Author docent Leonīds BuliginsCredits 2Semester 7

Examination form testPrerequisite General physics, Methods of mathematical physics, Tensor analysis,

Mechanics of continuum, Introduction to Computational Modelling, Mathematical analysis, Geometry and algebra.

Course codeCourse group

Annotation

Methods of numerical simulation of hydrodynamic, temperature and concentration fields. Solution of specific CFD problem with commercial code.

Content

Solution methods of noncompressible fluid flow equations. CFD methods based on the vorticity transport equation and velocity-pressure formulation. Solution methods for pressure, temperature and concentration. Compressible flows, shock waves, artificial viscosity. Numerical aspects of CFD, initial and boundary conditions, convergence criteria, numerical viscosity. Solution of specified problem with commercial codes FLUENT, ANSYS, ECLIPSE.

Requirements

Solution of specified CFD problem, exam in theory.

Literature.1. P.Roache. Computational Fluid Dynamics, Hermosa Publishers, 19762. H.K.Versteeg, W.Malalasekera. An introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics,

Longman Scientific & Technical, 1995.3. J.Anderson. Computational Fluid dynamics, McGraw Hill, 19954. P.Huyakorn, G.F.Pinder. Computational Methods in subsurface flow, Academic Press, 1983.

Compositions of atoms and molecules. Quantum theory

Electronic States of Atoms and Molecules

Author Docent Boriss Zapols, Dr.habil.phys.Program BSc in PhysicsCourse size 2 credit pointsSemester 7Control form testNecessary knowledge Courses in General Physics, Quantum Mechanics, and Methods of

Mathematical Physics Course code Course group Elective – Theoretical Physics (B)

Summary

The Course presents methods and results of Quantum Mechanical Theory of atom and molecule electronic shell structure in stationary states.

ContentsHydrogen atom. Schroedinger equation. Moment representation. Symmetry in the Coulombic field. Sturm functions. Parabolic coordinates. States of many-electron atom. Hartree-Fock equations for atoms. LS bounding. Classification of energy levels. Unitary group and tensorial representations. Configurations of equivalent electrons. Seniority and quasispin formalism. Configurations of f-electrons. Construction of wave functions. Energy terms. Multiplet structure of terms. Other bonding types. Electronic correlation. Partial separation of arguments. Stationary perturbation theory. Superposition of configurations. Relativistic effects. Relativistic theory of hydrogen atom. Radiational corrections. Breit equation for helium atom. Adiabatic approximation in the theory of molecules. Hydrogen molecular ion. Hydrogen molecule. Spin eigenfunctions. Self-consistent field method. Restricted and unrestricted Hartree-Fock theories. MO LKAO method. Gaussian and Slaterian functional bases. Population analysis. Valence bond theory.

Credit requirementsTest

Literature

1. M.G. Veselovs, L.N. Labzovskis, Theory of Atoms. Structure of electronic Shells. Moscow, Nauka, 1986 (in Russian).2. I. I. Sobelman. Elements of Theory of Atomic Spectra. Ievads atomu spektru teorijā. Moscow, Nauka, 1977 (in Russian).3. R. McWeeny, B. Sutcliff. Quantum Mechanics of Molecules. Molekulu kvantu mehānika. Moscow, Mir, 1972 (in Russian).

Compositions of atoms and molecules. Quantum theory

Atoms and molecules. Interaction with fields

Author Prof. Marcis AuzinshProgramme Bachelor of PhysicsCourse extent 2 creditsSemester 8Form of test examPrerequisites Quantum mechanicsCourse codeCourse group Elective – Theoretical Physics /B/

SummaryIn this course interaction of atoms and small molecules with external fields is discussed. A special attention is paid to interaction of atoms with light and approximations used to describe this interaction. Second part of the course is devoted to the interaction of atoms and small molecules with a stationary and slowly varying magnetic and electric fields.

ContentTime dependant fields. Monochromatic excitation. Two level atom. Majorana population oscillations. Dressed states. Slowly varying interaction. Field defined by a complex exponent. Rabi frequency. Rotating wave approximation, RWA. RWA with looses. Intense excitation. Floquet Hamiltonian. Dynamical Stark effect. Bloch’s equation. Three level system. RWA for three level system. Electronic level ladder. Lambda type scheme, population trapping. V type scheme. N level system. Processes with continuum. Excitation to quasi continuum. Fano states. Fano resonance. Broad line approximation. Rate constants, validity of approximation. Electric dipole transitions. Multipole transitions. Density matrix in case of broad line approximation. Description of light in the approach of density matrix. Liouville equation. Density matrix in a classical limit. Angular momentum polarization in optical field. Hanle effect. Quantum beats. Stationary fields. Zeeman effect in stationary field. Pashen Back effect. Stark effect in a stationary field. Quadratic Stark effect. Stark effect for hydrogen, linear Stark effect. Stark effect for close lying electronic states. Atoms in electric and magnetic field simultaneously. Chaotic motion.

Requirements to be met to obtain creditsWritten exam

Textbooks1. Bruce W. Shore. The Theory of Coherent Atomic Excitation. John-Wiley & Sons vol.

1,2. pp. 1735 (1990)

2. M. Auzinsh, R. Ferber, Optical Polarization of Molecules, Cambridge University Press, pp. 306 (1995)

3. I.I. Sobelman, Introduction to the theory of atomic spectra. Nauka, 319 pp. (1977) (in Russian)

CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

Author docent Ilmārs Madžulis, Dr. phys.Program B. Sc. in physicsCourse size 2 creditsSemester 8.Control form examinationNecessary knowledge Statistical physicsCourse codeCourse group Elective (Theoretical physics) /B/

Course summary The course presents the principal properties of condensed systems and theoretical methods of their description. The accent is put to conductivity of matter (metals and semiconductors), magnetic phenomena (dielectric, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic materials). Harmonic and anharmonic ion oscillations in crystal (ferroelectric materials) are considered.

Content

Brave’s lattice, inverse lattice, first Briliuenne zone. Drude’s model. Conductivity at high frequencies. Heat conductivity, Widemann-Franz relationship. Hole’s effect.

Electrons in periodic field. Bloh’s theorem. The structure of electronic zones. Bregg’s planes. Oscillations of the lattice in harmonic approximation. Acoustic and optical oscillations. Debye’s theory of heat capacity. Band structure of semiconductors, number of charge carriers. Inclusion of acceptor and donor levels in calculation of conductivity. The general relationships for magnetic susceptibility of matter. Paramagnetic and diamagnetic parts of susceptibility. Pauli paramagnetism. Spin-spin exchange interaction. Heisenberg’s model, spin waves, magnons. Ising model for ferromagnetic materials. Classical plasma. Debye’s screening length. Debye-Hückel theory.

Credit requirements1. Solving equations2. Oral examination

Literature1. Ашкрофт Н., Мермин Н. Физика твердого тела Т 1-2. -М.: 1979.

2. Китель Ч. Введение в физику твердого тела -М.: Наука, 1978.3. Займан Дж. Принципы твердого тела - М.: Мир, 1974.4. Фейнман Р. Статистическая механика - М.: Мир, 1975.

Finite Element and Boundary Element Methods

Author doc. Leonīds BuliginsCredits 2Semester 8

Examination form ExamPrerequisite General physics, Methods of mathematical physics, Tensor analysis,

Mechanics of continuum, Introduction to Computational Modelling, Mathenatical analysis, Geometry and algebra.

Course codeCourse group

Annotation

Finite element and boundary element method applications for steady physical fields (temperature, concentration a.o. fields).

Content

Comparison of finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods, advantages and drawbacks. Variational methods. Galerkin, least squares and collocation methods. Interpolation and weight functions.Weak solution. Finite elements and their types. FE mesh generation. Connectivity and coordinate matrix. FE equations for element and domain. Solution of Poisson equation with FE method.

Requirements

Solution of specified FEM problem, exam in theory.

Literature.1. Segerlind L., Applied Finite Element analysis, John Wiley and Sons, 1976.

2. Zenkevich O., Taylor R., The Finite Element Method, McGraw-Hill, 1994.3. Strang G., Fix., An Analysis of the Finite Element Method, Prentice-Hall, 1973.

INTRODUCTION TO HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERAuthor professor Gunars Sermons

Semester 8Volume 2 credit p.Controlform examinationPreliminary courses of theoretical physicsCourse codsCourse group deviceAnnotationThe course contains the Onsagers linear theory, heat and masstransfer, heat and mass transfer in homogeneous magnetic field, heat and electric charge transfer and transfer process for complicated systems in a electric and magnetic fields.

ContentThe Gibbs equation. Local thermodynamic equilibrium. Entropy andentropy production. Obtaining the dissipation function. Theconservation laws of substance, momentum and internal energy. The diffusion flow. Internal energy flow. The heat flow. Entropyconservation law: entropy flow and dissipation function. Thephenomenological laws. Generalized thermodynamic fluxes andforces. The linear phenomenological laws. Curie principle. Duality relation. Phenomenological laws for heat and mass transfer. Phenomenological coefficients. Flow's transformation. Phenomenological and empirical transfer laws. Thermal diffusion and thermal effect of diffusion. The temperature equation. Diffusion in a external fields. Anisotropic heat and masstransfer in a homogeneous magnetic field. The phenomenological and empirical laws of heat and electric charge transfer. Heatconduction and electroconduction. Thermo-electric phenomena: Peltier's, Thomson's and Seebeck effects. Sedimentation potential and electrophoresis.

Literature

1. S.De Groot, P.Mazur. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. 1981.

2. R.Haase. Thermodynamic irreversible process. 1967.3. W.Jost. Diffusion in solids, liquids, gases. 1960.

Mechanics of composites

Lector: Professor Vitauts TamužsVilis Valdmanis

Programme: Bachelor in physicsCourse volume: 2 credits

Terms: 8Examination form: examPreconditions: Theory of elasticity

Course code:Group: by choise

Abstract

The properties of unidirectional, laminated and dispersal reinforced composites are treated. Fundamentals of design and strength laminated of composites are considered.

Content

1. Constituents of composites. Matrix and fibers. Their properties.2. Properties of unidirectional (UD) composites as function of constituents.3. Strength and failure of UD composites. Ineffective length of fiber. Stress concentration.

Statistical strength distribution. Single fiber composite test.4. Effective moduli of composite with spherical inclusions. Eshelby's formula.

5. Deformation of laminate composites. Bending of laminates. Effective module of laminates. Edge effects.

6. Strength theories (failure criterions) of anysotropic solids and composites. Malmeister's and Hashin's criterions.

7. Failure of laminates.

References

1. A.Malmeisters, V.Tamužs, G.Teters. Strength of Polymer and Composite materials. Riga, Zinatne (in Russian).

2. B.Agarwal, L.Broutman. Analysis and performance of fiber composites. John Wiley & sons, 1980.

3. R.Christensen. Mechanics of composite materials. John Wiley & sons, 1979.

Materials in Nature and Techniques

Lector: Professor Andris KruminsProgramme: Bachelor in physicsCourse volume: 2 credits

Terms: 2Examination form: test Preconditions: Secondary education. Introduction to physics: Mechanics.

Course code:Group: B

Annotation: Materials describe substances by help of which technical ideas are brought into life. In this course the nature and artificially synthesised materials are being studied analysing the general regularities of their structure qualities. The course is interdisciplinary comprising physics, chemistry, ecology.

Content: From the inputs to the materials used in practice. Materials classification according to their application and structure. Materials state of aggregation: solid states, liquids, gasses and plasma. Change of the state of aggregation. Refrigerator principle.Chemical elements as materials formation blocks. Atom structure. Elements classification: metals and non-metals. Periodical system. Chemical bonds and material structure. Interatomic bonds (metallic, ionic and covalent). Intermolecular bonds. Differences between the interatomic and intermolecular bonds. Crystalline and amorphous structure. Structure importance: diamond, graphite, fullerene.Conception about the metals, polymers, glasses and ceramics. Their obtaining technologies and comparison of their qualities. Composite materials and their application advantages. Functional materials. Conception about semiconductors, growing of monocrystals and thin films. Materials for photonics. Sensors, actuators and intelligent structures.

To get a credit two written tests is a must.

Literature:1.Bobs Makdjuels, Ķīmija, Zvaigzne ABC, 1999.2.Graham Hill, Materials, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1993.3.British encyclopedia: http://www.britannica.com4.Philip Ball, Made to measure, New Materials for 21st Century, Princeton, 19975.http://Kasap3Usask.Ca

Methods of Experimental Physics

Author Janis Harja, DocentProgramme Bachelor of PhysicsCourse extent 2 credits

Semester 3Test form pass/failure testPreconditions Computers. General physics: Elektromagnetism. Mathematics:

Geometry and Algebra.Course code

Course group Elective – Experimental physics /B/

SummaryIn this course methods of experimental physics are considered. First principles of geometrical optics are discussed, including optical systems as well as optical system modelling programs. Further basics of black-and-white, colour and digital photography are discussed. The second part of the course is carried out in the training lab.

Contents

1. The Geometry of Image Formation. Fermat’s principle. Reflection in plane mirrors. Refraction through plane surfaces. Reflection and refraction at a spherical surface. Thin lenses. Lens aberrations. 2. Optical Instrumentation. Prisms. Magnifiers. Huygens and Ramsden eyepieces. Microscopes. Telescopes: Galilean and astronomical telescope. Optics of the eye. Errors of refraction and their correction. Optical system modelling programs.3. Practical Photography. The history of photography. The camera. The camera lens. Photographic materials. Principles of colour photography. Additive and subtractive processes. Digital photography. 4. Solving of the Problems: lenses, mirrors, optical systems.5. Training lab. Focometry. Focal lengths measurements for positive and negative lenses using different methods. Investigation of spherical and chromatic aberrations. Bimorph. Investigation of modern ferroelectric material using electronic as well as optical methods. The Camera. Recording of black-and-white photographs, using studio camera with compound lenses, simple lens and pinhole. Recording of digital photographs.

Requirements to be met to pass the coursePass/failure test in written form

Textbooks1. Students O. Optics.- Riga: Zvaigzne, 1971, chapt. 8,9. (in Latvian). 2. Pedrotti F.L., Pedrotti L.S. Introduction to Optics.- Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987, chapt. 3, 4, 5, 6.

3. Mitchell E.N. Photographic Science.- John Wiley & Sons, 1984, pp.420. (available also in Russian)

Seminar in technologies of measuring and physical values

Author Professor Ivars TaleProgram Bachelor in physicsSize 2 credits

Semester 3Testing method creditPreliminary knowledge Course of the general physics: Mechanics, Structure of mater.

Course codeCourse group Optional B

SummaryObjectives of the seminar are focused to study media of experiment in physics, principles and laboratory equipment for basic measurements, realisation of most important investigation techniques. The seminar gives preliminary knowledge allowing starting participation in research in physics at scientific laboratories.

ContentPrinciples and methods of high accuracy measurements of electrical values. DC integrating instruments, Lock- in and Box- car systems.Principles, methods and equipment of optical measurements. Photometry and radiometry. Photodetectors. CCD array detectors, light intensifiers. Detectors and methods for time-resolved spectroscopy. Streak camera. Auto-correlation technique.Light sources. Glow lamps, discharge lamps. Laboratory light sources in IS, VIS, UV, VUV, RTG spectral ranges. Synchrotron radiation in physics. Lasers: gain media, resonators. Parameters of the laser emission. Laser types. CW and pulse lasers, Pico- and femto- second lasers. Basics of the mode locking and light pulse compression. Vacuum: obtaining, measuring. Cryogenics. Refrigerators: cooling principles, Laboratory equipment for investigations at low temperatures. Cryostats for optical, electrical, magnetic resonance measurements. Closed cycle He temperature cryostats. Methods and cryostats for obtaining of super- low temperatures.High temperature techniques in physics laboratory. Thermometry.

Demands for obtaining of the creditPreparation of three themes for discussion and participation in discussions.

Literature

1. Set of Application Notes for scientific equipment; User manuals of scientific equipment; Set of handbooks in optics, cryogenics, vacuum technique heat technique, collected for each theme of the seminar.

Spectral Measurements

Author Docent Valdis RēvaldsCourse’s volume 4 creditsTerm 4Checking form examNecessary knowledge General Physics courses

Course’s codeCourse’s group By choice (B)

Annotation The peculiarity of optical methods is that an object is not impressed by external factors or their influence is very weak. It provides a maximum objectivity of obtained results. Information about studied objects is got by measuring radiation intensities, absorption, interference, diffraction, polarisation, scattering and other parameters.Spectral measurements, which allow to find out not only the object’s chemical composition, temperature, pressure, but also to elucidate its motion, rotation velocity, presence of magnetic and electric field, as well as other parameters, are especially significant.Such measurements are widely used in plasma diagnostics, astrophysics, ecology, biology, chemistry, but especially important they are in a case of a remote sensing when it’s impossible to contact with an object directly.Contents

In this Laboratory course the following works are presented for choice:1) Phase-contrast method in microscopy.2) Study of excitation and luminescence spectra.3) Study of operation regimes of photomultiplies and photoelements.4) Study of structure of atomic spectra.5) Measuring of arc discharge plasma’s temperature by relative intensities method.6) Measuring of plasma’s temperature by Doppler broadening of spectral lines.7) Measuring of electron concentration by Stark broadening of spectral lines.8) Determination of concentration of excited atoms using absolute line intensities.9) Electronic absorption spectra in the visible and ultraviolet radiation region.10) Infrared absorption spectra.11)Raman scattering spectra.

Literature (in Latvian)

Atomic Physics Laboratory

Elementary processes in plasmaSpectral measurements

Holography and Fourier Optics

Author Janis Harja, DocentProgram Bachelor of PhysicsCourse extent 2 credits

Semester 5Test form ExamPreconditions Computers. General physics: Elektromagnetism. Wave Optics.

Mathematics: Analysis. Geometry and Algebra.Course code

Course group Elective – Experimental physics /B/

Summary Principles of optical holography are discussed. Classical in-line and off-line as well as Fourier holograms are analysed. Modern hologram recording techniques and applications are considered. The second part of the course is devoted to principles of Fourier optics, including applications in optics and optical date processing. The integral part of the course is the training lab where recording of laser- and white light holograms as well as optical date processing is foreseen.

Content1. Holography as the wavefront reconstruction process. The in-line (Gabor) hologram. The two-beam (Leith-Upatnieks) hologram. Volume reflection (Denisyuk) hologram. Fourier holograms. Types of holograms. Gas lasers and diode lasers as a light sources. Practical recording media: silver halide photographic emulsions, dichromated gelatine, photoresists, photopolymers. Applications of holography: holographic optical elements, computer-generated holograms, holograms for displays. Holographic interferometry. Colour holography. 2. Fourier optics. Abbe’s theory of image formation. Fourier analysis in optics: . slit aperture, periodic apertures, finite harmonic wave train. Lens as a Fourier transformer. Spatial filtering: high-pass and low-pass filters. Optical correlation.3. Solving of problems. Characteristics of laser light. Applications of Fourier analysis in optics.

Requirements to be met to pass the courseWritten exam

Textbooks1. J.Harja. Introduction in Holography.- Riga, 1994, 110 p. (in Latvian)2. Hariharan P. Optical holography.- Cambridge University Press, 1984, 310 p.

3. Reynolds G.O., DeVelis J.B., Parrent G.B., Thompson B.J. The New Physical Optics Notebook: Tutorials in Fourier Optics.- SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1989, chapt.1-8, 29-31.

Statistical methods in data

Author Professor Marcis AuzinshProgramme Bachelor of PhysicsCourse extent 2 creditsSemester 5Test form Pass/failure testPreconditions Theory of probability and mathematical statisticsCourse codeCourse code Elective – Experimental physics /B/

SummaryIn this course methods for experimental data procession are considered. Direct and undirect measurements are analysed. Discussion is based on the method of maximal probability method. The proof of statistical hypotheses is analysed.

ContentsMain ideas form the mathematical theory of probability. Probability distribution functions and probability density functions. Main distribution functions. Moments that characterise distribution functions. Joint probability distribution for several variables. Coefficients of covariation and correlation. Covariation matrix. Low of error propagation. Method of maximal probability. Function of maximal probability and probability ration. Logarithmically probability function in general case and for normal distribution. Maximal probability method for the linear function. Least square method. Determination of the unknown coefficients and covariation matrix. Measurements with equal and different accuracy. Data approximation with non-linear function. Case when non-linear function can be transformed in a linear form. Case when function can not be transformed into a linear form, case of one and more than one non-linear parameter. Optimisation algorithms. Statistical models, optimal strategy. Random numbers with different distribution functions. Random numbers with normal distribution function.

Requirements to be met to pass the course1. Pass/failure test in written form

Textbooks

1. З Брандт; Статистические методы анализа наблюдений, Москва, Мир, 1975. 312 стр.2. Origin. Users manual. Microcal Software Incorporation.

Crystal physics(Fundamentals of Solid State Physics)

Author Professor Ivars TāleProgram Bachelor in physicsSize 2 credits

Semester 6Testing method examinationPreliminary knowledge Optics, Fundamentals of quantum physics, Fundamentals of thermal

physics. Course code

Course group option B

Annotation Solid state physics in the mesoscopic approach is considered. Basic experimental data and theoretical concepts of structure, thermal, electric, magnetic, optic properties of solids are considered, including superconductivity, structure defects of solids. The central object of the course under discussion is periodical structure of atoms in the one particle approach. The course serves preliminary knowledge for studies in physics of non-crystalline solids, physics of ferroelectrics, solid state radiation physics, material physics.Content:Chemical bound in solids; Covalent bound. Ionic bound. Metallic bound. Hydrogen and Van-der-Waals bound. Crystal classes. Inverse lattice. Brave lattices. Wigner-Seitz cell. Simplest structures of crystals. Diffraction in periodic structures. Laue’s scattering. Bregg’s scattering. Structure- and atom- factors. Structure analysis. Atom dynamics in crystals. Dispersion relations. Raman scattering. Phonons. Quasi-particles in solid state physics. Inelastic scattering of photons, neutrons and electrons on phonons. Thermal properties of solids. Thermal capacity: Einstein’s model, Debye’s model. Thermal expansion. Thermal conductivity. Bolcman’s equation.Free electrons in solids. Drude’s theory. Sommerfeld’s theory. Free electron gas in the potential well. Density of states. Fermi gas. Fermi energy. Fermi surface. Specific heat of free electrons. Thermo-electron-emission. Energy band structure of electrons in solids. Electron in the periodic potential of atoms. Bloch’s waves. Quasi-free electron approach. Close bound electron approach.Dia- and paramagnetism. Ferromagnetism. Collective effects in the spin interaction. Models of band- and localised- electrons of ferromagnetism.

Superconductivity. Londons’s equations. Basic properties of superconductors. BKS theoty. Superconductors of the first and second kind. Tunneling of electrons in superconductors. Josepsohn’s effect. High temperature superconductors.Defects in solids. Thermodynamics of defects. Ionic conductivity, Electron-vibration transitions in defects. Intrinsic and extrinsic defects. Colour centres. Demands for obtaining of the credit: credit of educational aid in solid-state physics.

1. N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin Solid State Physics Holt, Reinhart and Winston N-Y2. Г С Жданов Физика Твердого Тела Изд МГУ 19623. Ч. Киттель Введение в физику твердого тела . Москва Наука 1978.

PHYSICS OF NONCRYSTALINE SOLIDS

Author: Prof. Andrejs Silins, Dr. habil. phys.Credit: 2 credit pointsSemester: 6.(bachelor studies)Test form: Pass a testNeeded knowledge: Physics of crystalline SolidsCode: Group: Bachelor studies in experimental (B)

Annotation

Physics of noncrystalline solids is discussed at the microscopic level. The main attention is paid to the structure, vibrational and electronic systems, transfer processes, defects and applications of these materials. The discussion of the course is based on the results in optical glasses, as these materials are the more popular substances with vide practical applications.

Content

Description of the short, middle and long range order in the structure of noncrystalline solids. Description of atomic vibration on the base of phonon concept and low temperature heat capacity peculiarities. Electrons, holes and exitons in noncrystalline solids. Charge and energy transport. Intrinsic, impurity and complex point defects in noncrystalline solids. Point defect generation mechanisms. Stability of noncrystalline solids. Practical applications to produce optical instruments.

Requirements for credit

1. Not lower grade than 42. Use of literature is allowed3. Procedure: 3.1.test is oral 3.2.Test consists of 3 questions 3.3.Final grade is the average value.

Literature

Publications in scientific journals

LASER PHYSICSAuthor Professor Jānis SpīgulisCredits 2Programme Bachelor of physicsSemester 6Assessment examPre-requisites Courses of fundamental physics and electrodynamics

Code of subjectGroup of subject free choice - experimental physics (B)

AbstractThe programme comprises physical basis of the laser action, details of various laser types (gas, solid-state, etc.), laser applications in science, technology and medicine, and laser safety aspects. Practical part (exercises, individual studies, laboratories) is included, as well.

ContentHistorical introduction. Spontaneous and stimulated emission of atoms. Inverse level population. Principles of the laser action, schemes of optical multiplication and generation. Energy supply for laser action. Optical, collisional and electrical pumping schemes. Laser resonators: types and features. Generation modes. Theories of resonators.Continuous and pulsed modes of laser action. Spectral characterisation of generation. Synchronisation of modes, single-mode generation.

Solid-state lasers: ruby laser, YAG lasers, fibre-optic multipliers and lasers. Atomic gas and vapour lasers: He-Ne, Ar, Kr, Cd, Cu, Au, Se. Molecular lasers: CO2, CO, N2. Excimer and photo-dissociation lasers. Dye lasers and other lasers with adjustable frequency of generation. Semiconductor diode lasers.Scientific applications of lasers: laser spectroscopy, photochemistry and non-linear optics. Lasers in technology: optical communications, laser rangers and lidars, laser displays, cutting instruments. Consumer laser technologies (CD-players, laser printers, stripe-code readers).Medical applications of lasers: laser diagnostics, photodynamic therapy, laser surgery.Laser safety rules and standards. Protective glasses and other safety means.

Requirements for creditingThe exam evaluation should be at least 4. The practical works should be completed before the exam.

Literature1. O. Svelto. Principles of Lasers, 4th ed., Plenum Press, NY-London, 1998.2. W. T. Silfvast. Laser Fundamentals, Cambridge University Press, 1996.3. F. Kaczmarek. Vvedenije v fiziku lazerov, M., Mir, 1981.

PRACTICALS LASER PHYSICSAuthor Professor Jānis SpīgulisCredits 2

Programme Bachelor of PhysicsSemester 7Assessment pass (test)Pre-requisites Laser physics course

Code of subjectGroup of subject selective - Experimental physics (B)

Abstract8 laboratory practical are included; they are performed on equipments of Institute of Atomic physics and spectroscopy.

Content1. Design and features of diode lasers.

2. Spectral content and mode selection of laser radiation.3. Design, action and features of dye lasers.4. Modulation of lasers radiation.5. Circular and linear polarisation of laser radiation.6. Landing of laser radiation into optical fibres.7. Design, action and features of gas discharge lasers.8. Laser displays on side-emitting optical filters.

Requirements for creditingThe practical work must be protocoled, and then a written report must be prepared and filed. The subject is passed after an oral defence of all reports.

Literature1. O. Svelto. Principles of Lasers, 4th ed., Plenum Press, NY-London, 1998.2. W. T. Silfvast. Laser Fundamentals, Cambridge University Press, 1996.3. F. Kaczmarek. Vvedenije v fiziku lazerov, M., Mir, 1981.4. Lāzeru fizikas praktikums – metodiski norādījumi. J.Spīgulis, M.Tamanis, J.Kļaviņš, I.Klincāre. LU FMF, 1999.

PARADOXES OF QUANTUM PHYSICS(Multiparticle interferometry and superposition principle)

Author Prof. Marcis AuzinshProgramme Bachelor of Physics

Course extent 2 creditsSemester 7Test form Pass/failure testPreconditions Physics of Microworld (mandatory), Quantum Physics

(desirable)Course codeCourse group Elective – Experimental physics /B/

Summary

The topics in connection of the contemporary experiments on the foundations of Physics are discussed in this curse. The analysis is based on the wave packet approach and approach developed for the analysis of the Einstain Podolsky Rosen paradox and Bell inequalities

ContentWave packet dynamics of the highly excited atomic and molecular states. Coherent superposition of quantum states. Coherent and squeezed states of harmonic oscillator. Dynamics of quantum wave packets. Harmonic oscillator. Square well. Rigid rotator. Ridberg states of an atom. H atom at the classical limit. Kepler orbits in quantum mechanics. Angularly localised wave packets. Radially localised wave packets. Experimental wave packet creation and observation in a hydrogen atom. Wave packets in molecular physics. Vibration of molecules from the viewpoint of wave packets. Rotation of molecules and wave packets. Dynamics and time of tunnelling. Different way to define tunnelling time in quantum mechanics. Tunnelling and its counterpart in classical optics. Experimental determination of tunnelling time. Quantum measurement without interaction. Experimental way to measure without interaction. Efficiency of interaction free measurement. Quantum Zeno effect. Ways to increase interaction free measurement efficiency. Interaction free imaging. Manyparticle interference experiments. Einstain Podolski Rosen paradox. Bell inequalities. Two particle interference experiments and particle spin. Two particle interference experiments in coordinate and impulse space. Decoherence. Schroedinger cat paradox. Indistinguishability of particles in interference experiments. Quantum computing, teleportation, chriptography.

Requirements to be met to obtain credits1. Participation in seminars and oral test.

TextbooksCourse is based on the original material published in periodical journals as a review and original papers. Copies of the papers are provided to students during the course.

PHYSICS OF SURFACE AND METALS

Author Professor Ivars Tāle, Program Bachelor in physicsSize 2 credits

Semester 7Testing method creditPreliminary knowledge Basics of the material physics, Crystal physics, Quantum

mechanics.

Course codeCourse group Optional B

Annotation The course offers basics of physics of metals and surface physics of solids as independent subtrend of solid state physics and material science.The course deals with consideration the general theoretical and experimental concepts of structure and properties of metals and alloys. Special attention is paid on the processes of shaping of the structure, which is responsible for the technical properties of alloys. The surface physics part of the course considers the basic knowledge’s about atom- clean as well as real surfaces, their structure and importance in formation of the chemical and physical properties of solid crystalline metals. The course can be basis for the further studies in the material science.

ContentCrystalline lattice defects in metals: vacancies, dislocations, grain and phase boundaries. Fundamentals of the theory of deformation and destruction. Dislocation mobility governed processes in mono- and polycrystalline materials, structure levels of plastic deformation. Diffusion- controlled deformation processes. Mechanisms of destruction. Mechanisms of increasing of the material resistance. Alloys and state diagrams. Transformation of the structure and phase. Recrystalization, polygonization, ordered solid solutions. the martensite theory. Fundamentals of metal processing. Modern materials of metals: composite metals, amorphous alloys, nanostructured and superplastic materials. Fundamentals of the surface themodynamics. Structure and morphology of the surface. Surface phenomena: adsorption, condensation, watering, adhesion, surface diffusion. Real and atom-clean surfaces. Methods of obtaining of clean surfaces. Modification of surfaces. Analytical techniques for investigation of surfaces: electron microscopy, Auger spectroscopy, SIMS, AFM, tunneling microscopy.

Demands for obtaining of credits: Credit educational aid in solid-state physics

Literature1. Surface Science. The First Thirty Years Ed.: Charles B. Duke North-Holland, 1994.

Dielectric Physics

Lector: Professor Andris KruminsProgramme: bachelor in physicsCourse: 2 credits

Terms: 7Examination form: testPreconditions: Courses on substance structure, quantum mechanics, crystals and

non-crystals. Course Code:

Group: by choice

Annotation: The course comprises the macroscopic and microscopic qualities of dielectrics. A special attention is paid to the description of polarisation mechanisms. Conception about polar dielectrics (piezoelectrics, pueroelectrics and ferroelectrics) and about their application is given.

Content:Conception about the clasical and active dielectrics, their classification.Macroscopic polarisation theory. The induced polarisation mechanisms: elastic polarisation of electrons, ions and dipoles. Non-elastic polarisation mechanisms: thermal polarisation of ions, dipoles and electrons.Coherence between macro- and microscopic qualities of dielectrics; notion of the inner field. Electroconductivity mechanisms in dielectrics. Theory of dielectric loss. Polarisation qualities in polar dielectrics; piezoelectrics, pueroelectrics, spontaneous polarisation and ferroelectrics.

To get a credit: two written tests is a must.

Literature:1. Ю. М. Поплавко «Физика диэлектриков» Киев «Виша школа» 19802. British encyclopedia: http://www.britannica.com3. S.O. Kasap. “Principles of electrical engineering; materials and devices” Irvin- McGraw-

Hill, 19974. http://Kasap3.Usask.Ca

PHOTONICS

Author: Prof. Andrejs Silins, Dr. habil. phys.Credit: 2 credit pointsSemester 8 (bachelor studies)Test form: Pass a test

Needed knowledge: Physics of crystalline and noncrystalline Solids and laser physicsCode: Group: Bachelor studies in experimental physics (B)

AnnotationThe future of photonics is discussed in comparison with microelectronics and optoelectronics. The main attention is paid to practical achievements and unsolved problems. The discussion, of course, is based on the understandings of interaction of light with solids.

ContentSubject of photonics in comparison with microelectronics and optoelectronics. Description of different types of light sources. Transport of optical signals in free space, condense matter and optical fibbers. Amplification, commutation and densification of optical signals. Basic principles of optical communications. Role of photonics in the development of computer techniques. Optical microchips. Logical elements. Principal new possibilities.

Requirements for credit1. Not lower grade than 42. Use of literature is allowed3. Procedure: 3.1. test is oral 3.2. test consists of 3 questions 3.3. final grade is the average value.

LiteraturePublications in scientific journals

ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPYand

LABORATORY OF LASER SPECTROSCOPY

Author Professor Ruvin Ferber, Dr. Habil. Phys.

Volume of the course 4 creditsSemester 8Form of control test and examinationPreliminary requirements general, theoretical physics, math, advanced laboratoryCode Group B - Experimental Physics

SummaryThe course explains basic concepts of the structure and configuration of atoms and molecules, their interaction with light, collisional processes, elements of molecular optics and spectroscopy. Along with traditional methods and approaches, the course includes contemporary methods of sub-Doppler laser spectroscopy, laser cooling of atoms and molecules, elements of coherent and quantum optics. Special focus is put on modern methods of spectral analysis applied for environmental studies. The course includes advanced laser spectroscopy laboratory, in particular, including studies of the spectra of atoms and diatomic molecules using laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy.

ContentsConfiguration of an atom and the background of atomic spectroscopy. Basic concepts of the theory of atom. Optical transitions in atoms. Contours of spectral lines, collisional broadening. Zeeman and Stark effects. Polarisation of atomic emission, coherent effects. Atomic spectral analysis. Molecular structure and spectroscopy. Basic concepts of the theory of diatomic molecules. The theory of rotating diatomic molecules, rotational spectra. Vibrational motion and vibration-rotational spectra. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Electronic potentials and spectra. Symmetry and selection rules. Angular moments, fine structure of molecular states, Hund’s coupling cases. Fluorescence spectra. Intensity and polarisation. Franck-Condon factors. Molecular constants, polynomial and Dunham representation, RKR potentials. Intramolecular processes and interactions. Spin-orbit interaction. Electron-rotation interaction. Predissociation, its classification and experimental studies. Photodissociation. Relaxation processes in diatomic molecules, collisions. Lifetime of molecular states, its experimental determination and theoretical estimates. Basic concepts of the structure and spectra of molecules containing more than two atoms. Symmetric rotator. Modes of vibration and vibrational spectroscopy. Electronic spectra. Singlet-triplet conversion. Examples: spectra of benzene-like organic species. Laser spectroscopy of atoms and molecules. Sub-Doppler spectroscopy. Non-linear laser spectroscopy. Laser cooling and trapping of atoms and ions. Photoassociation spectroscopy of cold and ultra-cold molecules. Probing of atmosphere by lasers. Lidars. Intracavity spectroscopy. Monitoring of atmospheric pollution’s by laser spectroscopy.

LiteratureM. Auzinsh and R. Ferber, Optical Polarisation of Molecules, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.P.R. Bunker, P. Jensen, Molecular Symmetry and Spectroscopy, Canada Research Press, 1998.R. Ferbers. Divatomu molekulu lāzeru spektroskopija. Mācību līdzeklī “Spektrālie mērījumi”, Rīga,1984.R. Ferbers. Luminescences polarizācijas mērījumi. Mācību līdzeklī “Spektrālie mērījumi”, Rīga, 1978.И.И. Собельман, Введение в теорию атомных спектров, Москва, Наука, 1977W. Demtröder, Laser Spectroscopy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1982

CV’s of teaching staff

Marcis Auzinsh, Curriculum Vitae

Name Marcis AuzinshPersons code 110156-10623Date and place of birth January 11, 1956, Riga

Address: Department of Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Rainis boulevard, Riga, LV – 1586, LATVIA, telephone +371- 7615703, mauzins@latnet.lv

Education: 1974-1979 Department of Physics, University of LatviaScientific qualification and teaching experience:

1986, Dr Phys (Candidate of Physics and mathematical sciences), Leningrad USSR 1987-1988, PRC, Peking University, Department of Physics, postdoctoral studies 1991 Canada, University of Western Ontario, Department of Physics, postdoctoral studies 1993 USA, studies at the programme organized by USIA, University administration in US 1995 Dr. habil phys 1996 Great Britain, Royal Society visiting professor, University of Sussex 1996-1997 Germany, research fellow in the programme, Interaction of Oriented Molecules,

Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Bielefeld, 1998 USA visiting professor, University of Oklahoma 1998 full member, Academy of Sciences, Latvia

Job experience: 1975-1995 laboratory assistant, engineer, lecturer, assistant professor Department of Physics,

University of Latvia since 1994 Head of the chair of Experimental Physics University o f Latvia since 1995 Professor, University of Latvia since 1997 Head of the Department of Physics, University of Latvia since 1998 director of Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia since 1998 chairman of the Senate of the University of Latvia

Participation in professional organisations and boards, awards Humboldt Foundation Hanle prize Latvian Science Foundation board member in a section for Physics and Astronomy Vice chairman of the committee for the degrees in Physics and Astronomy NATO expert in Science division Member of the Latvian, American Physical Societies, member of the Institute of Physics, UK Coordinator of the European Physics Education Network in Latvia Board member of the International Physics Olympiad

Publications: Total number of a scientific publications – 142.

WWW page http://www.lza.lv/scientists/auzinsm.htm

Curriculum VitaeIMANTS BERSONS

Imants Bersons Birth : 11 December 1935, Talsi district, Latvia. Citizenship : Latvian Graduated from : University of Latvia, 1960 in Physics. Scientific Degrees : Ph.D. (USSR Candidate of Sciences), University of Latvia, 1967, Dr.Sc. (USSR Doctor of Sciences), Leningrad University, 1985,Nostrificated degree in Latvia - Dr.habil.phys. 1991. Membership in Scientific Associations : Corresponding Member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences (since1992). President of Latvian Physical Society. Positions : Institute of Physics, Latvian Academy of Sciences, researcher (1960-1966), senior researcher (1967-1991), director of Institute of Physics (1992-1993). Present position : Professor of Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia (since 1994). Scientific Domain of Interests : Theoretical atomic physics, interaction of laser radiation with atoms, field theory. Professional Activities : Research in following directions - theoretical nuclear physics (in sixties), interaction of electron with quantized electromagnetic field (in seventies), atoms in strong electromagnetic fields (multiphoton ionization, free-free transitions), interactions of atoms with half-cycle pulses, nonlinear equations and solitons. Publications : About 50 scientific publications in the USSR and international journals. Last Publications : 1.I.Bersons, Latvian Journ. of Phys. and Techn. Sciences, No.5, lpp.3-16 (1995) ,"Sudden approximation for Rydberg-atom transitions in interaction withshort electromagnetic pulses". 2.I.Bersons and A.Kulsh, Phys. Rev. A55, 1674 (1997), "Transition form factor of the hydrogenRydberg atom". 3.I.Bersons and A.Kulsh, Latv. J. Phys. Tech. Sci. 2, 51 (1998),"Excitation of Rydberg atoms by half cycle pulses". 4.I.Bersons and A.Kulsh, Phys. Rev. A59, 1399 (1999), "Excitation an ionization of Rydberg atoms by short half-cycle pulses". 5.I.Bersons and A.Kulsh, Phys. Rev. A60, 3144 (1999), "Large angular momentum changing in short half-cycle pulse interaction with a Rydberg atom". International Cooperation : 1.Participation in the EC Network "Electron and Photon Interaction with Atoms, Ions and Molecules" (coordinator P.G.Burke, UK) in 1994-1996 2.One of the organizers of SILAP conference (supported by NATO) in September of 2000 in Belgium. Pedagogic Activities (for masters and PhD students in the University of Latvia) : Since 1994 academic courses : 1."Atomic physics theory" 2."Quantum electrodynamics"3."Nonlinear equations and solitons" Supervisor of PhD student A.Kulsh.

ANDREJS CĒBERSCurriculum Vitae

Prename Name Andrejs CēbersPersonal code: 151247-10509 Birth date: 15.12.1947

Address: LU, Physics and mathematics faculty, Zeļļu 8Institute of Physics, Salaspils 1,LV-2169, tel.: 945830, tel. (mob.) 9195961E-mail: aceb@tesla.sal.lv

Education: 1966-1971, Latvian State University, Physics and mathematics faculty,student

Pedagogical and scientific qualification:1976 Candidate of Physico-mathematical Sciences (Moscow State University)

1985 Senior Scientific researcher (diploma)1988 Doctor of Physico-mathematical Sciences(Moscow State University)

1992 Habilitated doctor of physics1992 Corresponding member of Academy of sciences of Latvia1993 True member of Academy of Sciences of Latvia1997 Professor of theoretical physics of University of Latvia

Experience: 1971-1974 engineer of Institute of Physics LAS1974-1983 junior scientific researcher of Institute of

Physics of LAS1983-1990 senior scientific researcher of Institute of Physics of LAS1991-1993 leading scientific researcher of Institute of Physics of LAS1993-1996 professor of Institute of Physics of LAS1996-till now leading scientific researcher of Institute of Physics of LAS1997-till now Professor LU

Participation in professional, social and other structures: Editor in chief of journal Magnetohydrodynamics

Member of the expert commission in Physics mathematics and astronomy of Council of Science of LatviaMember of Physical Society

Publication: Total number of Scientific and methodical publications - 170Information on web: http://www.lza.lv/scientists/cebers/htm

CURRICULUM VITAE

RUVIN FERBER Dr.Habil.Phys., Professor

Born in Riga, Latvia, 13.12.1946Address:Department of Physics University of Latvia,19, Rainis Blvd., Riga, LV-1586 LATVIAPhone: +371-7-615703 Fax: +371-7-820113e-mail: ferber@latnet.lv

Professional interests: atomic, molecular and optical physics;Languages: Russian, Latvian, EnglishEducation: Dr.Habil. Phys. from Latvian Academy of Sciences (Riga), 1992; D.Sc. (Doctor nauk) in Physical and Mathematical Sciences from the St. Petersburg (Leningrad) State

University, 1988; Ph.D. (Kandidat nauk), Physical and Mathematical Sciences from University of Latvia, 1979; post-graduate doctoral studies (aspirant) at University of Latvia, 1975-1978; studies at the University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, 1965-1971.Experience (professional): full professor, Department of Physics, University of Latvia, since 1989; associate professor, Department of Physics, University of Latvia, 1984-1989; assistant professor, Department of Physics, University of Latvia, 1978-1984; senior technician, engineer, Department of Physics, University of Latvia, 1971-1977Honors and Awards: Alexander von Humbolt Foundation Hanle prize, 1992.Professional Activities and Memberships: member of Latvian Scientist Union, since 1992; member of American Physical Society, since 1993; head of MOLPOL Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia,

since 1996; Habilitation and Promotion Council in Physics at the University of Latvia (chair, since 1997);Courses, teaching: Optics Atomic and Molecular Physics Research in physics: developing novel methods in atomic, molecular and optical physics; foundations and philosophy of physics. Monograph: Optical Polarization of Molecules (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), 1995 (with M.Auzinsh). Articles: above 80, in Physical Review, Physical Review Lett., Journal of Physics, Foundations of Physics Lett, Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk, J. Chemical Physics, Molecular Physics, etc.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name Surname: Andris KruminsIdentification No: 310343-10616Date & place of birth: Talsi, 1943.gada 31.martā

Address: Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Riga, Kengaraga Str.8, LV-1063, Phone: (+371) 2261414, FAX: (+371)112583

e-mail: krumins@latnet.lv

Education: 1962-1966 student at Faculty of Physics & Mathematics,Univerity of Latvia1967-1969 Ph.D.student at Faculty of Physics & Mathematics,Univerity of Latvia

Pedagogic/Scientific Qualifications:1970 Candidate of Sciences, Rostova University , Russia1986 Doctor of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Latvian Academy of SciencesSince 1997 Professor at the University of Latvia.

Academic Positions:1966-1969 Senior researcher at the University of Latvia1969-1978 Chief of Ferroelectrics Department and Deputy director at the Insitute of Solid Stae Physics (ISSP)1991-1999 Dirctor of the ISSPMay, 1999 Deputy director of the ISSP

Organization and Management Activities:Since 1991 Senator at the University of LatviaMember of International Advisory BoardsMember of Latvian Physics Society and American Optical Society.

Publications: Total number of scientific publications: 166.

Curriculum vitaeGunārs Sermons

Birth data June 6th, 1934, LatviaPersonal code 150634-10405

EDUCATION 1959 Latvia State University, Faculty of physics and mathematics – higher education in physics1966 post-graduate course at the Institute of Physics of Latvian Academy of Sciences

PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION in technical physics

Academic and scientific grades1966 Candidate of physics and mathematics sciences, get from Latvian Academy of Sciences1989 Doctor of Technical Sciences, get from All-Union Research Institute of Electric Machines design (Leningrad)1991 Professor at faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia1992 Dr. habil. Phys., get from Latvian Academy of Sciences

Research area The problems and theory of the electrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics devices

Vocation1958 – 60 laboratory assistant at the Chairs of physics in the Institute of Medicine of Riga1960 – 63 engineer and junior research worker at the Institute of Physics of 1966.-.68 Latvian Academy of Sciences1968 – 81 senior research worker at the Institute of Physics of Latvian Academy of Sciences1981 - 91 the head of the Chair of electrodynamics and Continuos Medium Mechanics,

docent (1981 – 91) and professor (since 1991)training and methodical publications:1. E.Šilters, G.Sermons, J.Miķelsons. Elektrodināmika. Mācību līdzeklis fizikas un tehnikas

specialitātes studentiem. Rīga, Zvaigzne, 1986.-359 lpp.2. Г.Сермонс, Э.Шилтерс. Специальная теория относительности. Учебное пособие. Рига, ЛГУ

им.П.Стучки, 1976, 113 с.3. Г.Сермонс. Аналитические методы решения линейных задач теории поля. Рига, ЛГУ

им.П.Стучки, 1989, 103 с.OTHER PUBLICATIONS:in scientific journals 66, inventions and patents 35, significant monographs:В.Э.Циркунов,Г.Я.Сермонс,Р.К.Калнинь,Б.Д.Жейгур. Бесконтактный контроль потока жидких металлов. АН Латв.ССР. Институт физики. Рига, Зинатне, 1973 - 252 сГ.Я.Сермонс. Динамика твердых тел в электромагнитном поле. Рига, Зинатне, 1974 - 247 сAcademic study coursesNatural sciences. Physics. Electrodynamik. Methods of the theoretical physicsFoundations of the hydrodynamics. Electrodynamics of the Continuous MediumHonoursLatvian State Prize (1974)

Curriculum vitaeAndrejs SILIŅŠ

Professor Andrejs SILINS, Secretary General Latvian Academy of Sciences, Akademijas laukums 1, Riga, LV1524, Latvia

Professor Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga iela 8, Riga, LV1063, LatviaPhone: +371 721 1405Fax: +371 722 8784; +371 782 1153E-mail: lza@ac.lza.lv; silins@ac.lza.lvhttp://www.lza.lv/scientists/silinsa.htm

Born: October 12, 1940, Riga, LatviaInterests: Physics of Optical Glasses, Radiation Processes in Glasses, Point Defects in Fused Silica Spectroscopic Investigation of Intrinsic and Impurity Defects in Fused Silica Development of Geometric and Electronic Models of Defects High Temperature Point Defect Generation and Recombination Mechanisms Radiation Processes in Fused Silica Languages: Latvian, Russian, English

Education University of Latvia, Riga, 1963 State University, Moscow, 1966 Candidate of Physics and Mathematics (Candidate of Science in former USSR, Ph.D. in Western countries), University of Latvia, Riga, 1972 Dr.habil.phys. (Doctor of Science in former USSR), University of Latvia, 1984

ExperienceUniversity of Latvia: Junior researcher, Semiconductor Physics Problem Laboratory, 1966-1967 Postgraduate (Ph.D. Student), 1967-1970 Head of Division, Semiconductor Physics Problem Laboratory, 1971-1978 Vice-Director, Institute of Solid State Physics, 1978-1984 Director, Institute of Solid State Physics, 1984-1992 Professor, Institute of Solid State Physics, 1991 - Latvian Academy of Sciences: Secretary General, 1992 - Other: Member of Parliament (Saeima) of the Republic of Latvia, 1993-1995

Honours and Awards Award of Honour for Achievements in Teaching Young Scientists, Latvian Ministry of Education, 1989 Medal for Achievements in the People Education, Latvian Ministry of Education, 1990 Corresponding Member, Latvian Academy of Sciences, 1990-1992 Full Member, Latvian Academy of Sciences, 1992

Professional Activities and Memberships Chairman (1991-1992, 1998-1999), Vice-chairman (1990-1991, 1997-1998), Member (1992-), Latvian Council of Science Member, American Physical Society, 1990- Member, International Society for Optical Engineering, 1993-1994 Member, Latvian Physical Society, 1991- Chairman, Editorial Advisory Board of the "Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences", 1992 -

Lectures The possibilities to use the intrinsic defects optical properties for optoelectronics in fused silica. Invited lecture. NATO Advanced Research WorkshopPANCSO'96, Chisinau, Moldova, 1996.

CoursesUniversity of Latvia: Physics of optical glasses, Optical properties of solid materials Physics in general Recent/Representative Publications A.R.Silins. Defects in glasses. - Rad.Effects and Defects in Solids, 1995, vol.134, pp.7-10 A.R.Silins. Thermally induced point defects in fused silica. - Glastechnishe Berichte-Glass Sci. Technol., 1994, vol.67C, pp.14-18 A.R.Silins, L.A.Lace. Influence of stoichiometry on high temperature intrinsic defects in fused silica. - J.Non-Crystalline Solids, 1992, vol.149, pp.54-61 A.R.Silins. Light-induced ionic processes in optical oxide glasses. - J. Non-Crystalline Solids, 1991, vol.129, pp.40-45 A.R.Silins, A.N.Trukhin. Point Defects and Elementary Excitations in Crystalline and Glassy SiO2.. Riga: Zinatne, 1985, 244 pages (in Russian) A. Silins. Point Defects in the Glass Network. - Glass Science and Technology, 1998, vol. 71C, pp. 61-66.

Research Projects A.Silins (Scientific co-ordinator of Project) INCO-COPERNICUS Nr.20533: Creation and Development of Fellow Member to the Innovation RelayCentres in Latvia. European Commission (1997- ). Dr.habil.phys. L.Skuja, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia (Head of Project). Spectroscopic Studies of Point Defects in Oxide Materialswith Different Degree of Structural Disorder. Latvian Council of Science (1997-2000). Avocations: Volleyball, gardening, children education and apiculture

Curriculum vitaeJANIS SPIGULIS

Date and place of birth : 9 May 1950 in Riga, LatviaAddress : Physics Department and IAPS University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19,Riga,

LV-1586, LATVIAPhone:+371 7228 249FAX: +371 7820 113E-mail: janispi@latnet.lv

Education Degree Discipline Year receivedUniv. of Latvia M. Sc. Physics 1973 Univ. of Latvia Ph. D. Optics 1979Univ. of Latvia Dr. Habil. Phys. Technical Physics 1993Univ. of Latvia Professor Applied Optics and 1995

OptoelectronicsUniv. of Latvia State Professor Laser Physics and 1998

SpectroscopyPh. D. thesis : Study of the sensitised fluorescence of metal vapour mixtures in pulsed mode.Dr. Habil. Phys. thesis: Optoelectronical methods and devices for experimental research, technological control, and information transfer.

RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC ACTIVITIESJ. Spigulis graduated from the University of Latvia in 1973. As a graduate student, he joined

Laboratory of Spectroscopy of UL to study kinetics of optical excitation energy transfer in metal vapour mixtures. The results of this work have been represented at his Ph. D. thesis (Riga, 1979). Later in 1980 - 1985 he dealt with ion mass-analysis in laser excited atomic beams as well as with infrared emitter-receiver systems and pulsed optical radiation detection and calibration techniques. SInce 1986 his research activities are concentrated to fiberoptics, optoelectronics and biomedical optics; he established and leads the Fiberoptics and Optoelectronics Group at University of Latvia. His recent work has been concerned with design and investigation of optical fibre sensors, communication devices, medical lightguide systems and new types of the side-glowing optical fiber, as well as with optical methods for nonivasive cardiovascular diagnostics.

Since 1973 J. Spigulis has been a staff researcher at University of Latvia in positions of Junior Research Associate (1973-1980), Senior Research Associate (1980-1986), Leading Scientist (1986-1994) and Professor. Dr. Spigulis has worked out and delivers lecture courses "Lightguide Physics", "Optoelectronics", “Laser Physics” and “Earth Physics” for B. Sc. Students, and "Fundamentals of Biomedical Optics" and "Medical Lightguides" for M. Sc. students. In 1995 he launched the MSc programme on Biomedical Optics at University of Latvia and actively co-ordinated this programme in the following years.

J. Spigulis has authored over 60 published papers and a book on fiberoptics for students; he holds 8 patents. The research results have been presented at numerous international conferences and seminars in Latvia, Russia, USA, Canada, Mexico, UK, Sweden, Finland, France and other countries. In 1995 J. Spigulis was involved in a 6-month medical fiberoptics research project at King's College London, UK. Other international activities include participation in the EU TEMPUS project on Medical Engineering and Physics education in Baltic states and in two VISBY projects with Swedish universities (Lund and Linkoping). He is the founder and present vice-chairman of the Baltic Chapter of SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, member of Latvian Union of Scientists, Latvian Physical Society and Latvian Society of Medical Engineering and Physics.

LIST OF THE MAIN PUBLICATIONS1. J.Spigulis. Pulsed sources for excitation of atomic fluorescence. - In: "Flash Photometry", v. 5, Leningrad, 1978, p.164 / R*.2. J.Spigulis, A.Bulishev, V.Malkin. Kinetic studies of excitation transfer in the Cd-K and Cd-K-N2 mixtures. -

Abstr. 6 Int. Conf. on Atomic Physics (ICAP), Riga, 1978, 294.3. A.Bulishev, V.Malkin, N.Preobrazhensky, J.Spigulis. Kinetics of excitation transfer in mixtures of metal vapours and molecular gases. - Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR),1979, v.46, No. 6, p. 639.4. J.Spigulis. Radio-frequency electrodeless tubes as optical temperature indicators. - PTE, Moscow (Instrum. & Experim. Techniques, Plenum Publishing Co., USA), 1983/3, p. 209.5. J.Spigulis. Mass-analysis of Sodium atoms in opticaly excited atomic beam.- Abstr. of the 8-th U.S.S.R. Conf. on Physics of Electron and Atom Collisions, Riga, 1984, v.2, p. 123 / R.6. J. Spigulis. Optical Fibres (a textbook). - University of Latvia, Riga, 1987, 64 p. / L.7. J.Spigulis. Fiberoptic sensors for control of physical parameters (a review). - In: "Methods and Devices for Physical Research", University of Latvia, Riga, 1989, p.3 / R.8. J.Spigulis, M.Vitols, A.Rieba, A.Liepa. PCS optical fibre fault detection and diagnosis. - Proc. of the 4-th Int. Conf. "OPTICS'89", Varna, Bulgaria, 1989, p.56.9. J. Lazdins, J. Spigulis. Slope-splitted optical fibre refractometer: model and experiment. - Latv. J. Phys. Techn. Sci., 1992, N 3, p 47 / L.10. J.Spigulis, J.Lazdins, D Barens. Fiberoptical pyrometric and refractometric intensity-ratio sensors. - ISFOC'93 Conference Proceedings, IGI (Boston), 1993, p 280.11. J. Spigulis. Compact illuminators, collimators and focusers with half-spherical input aperture. - SPIE Vol. 2065, 1993, p. 54.12. J. Spigulis, J. Lazdins, G. Barens. Fiberoptical intensity-ratio refractometer with digital display. - SPIE Vol. 2068, 1993, p. 308.13. J. Spigulis. Compact dielectric reflective elements. 1. Half-sphere concentrators of radially emitted light. - Appl.Opt., 1994, v. 33, No. 25, p. 5970.14. J. Spigulis, J. Lazdins. Compact dielectric reflective elements. 2. Multichannel filter of closely spaced spectral bands. - Appl Opt., 1994, v. 33, No. 28, p. 6638.15. J. Spigulis, D. Pfafrods, M. Stafeckis. Optical fiber diffusive tip designs for medical laser-lightguide delivery systems. - SPIE Vol. 2328, p. 1994, p. 69.16. J. Spigulis. Potential of fibre optic sensors for medical monitoring (Strategic Review). - King’s College London Press, 1995, 52 p.17. J. Spigulis, J. Lazdins, D. Pfafrods, M. Stafeckis. Side-emitting optical fibers for clinical applications. - Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 1996, v. 34, Suppl. 1, Pt. 1. p. 285.18. J. Spigulis, D. Pfafrods, M. Stafeckis, W. Jelinska-Platace. The "glowing" optical fibre designs and parameters. - SPIE Vol. 2967, 1997, p. 226.19. J. Spigulis, D. Pfafrods. Clinical potential of the side-glowing optical fibers. - SPIE Vol. 2977, 1997, p. p. 84.20. J. Spigulis. MSc course programme on Biomedical Optics. - SPIE Vol. 3190, 1997, p. 342-345.21. J. Spigulis, U. Rubins. Photoplethysmographic sensor with smoothed output signals. - SPIE Proc. Vol, 3570, 1998, p. 195-199.22. J. Spigulis. Master’s level education in Biomedical Optics: four-year experience at University of Latvia. - SPIE Proc. Vol. 3831, 1999, p. 189-192. 23. J. Spigulis, G. Venckus, M. Ozols. Optical sensing for early cardio-vascular diagnostics. – SPIE Proc. Vol. 3911, 2000, p. 27-31.

*Languages: /R – Russian, /L – Latvian

Web-pages:http://ieva05.lanet.lv/~asi/fog-page.htmhttp://ieva05.lanet.lv/~asi/biomedic.htm

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name, Family name: E D V Ī N S Š I L T E R S Personal code: 230434 -10002Birth data: April 23rd, 1934, Jelgava, Latvia latvian, 2 daughtersAdresses: University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics,

Zellu 8, Riga, LV-1002phone - 7615443, 9109436, fax 7820113, e-mail: edviss@latnet.lv

Education: Latvia State university, Faculty of physics and mathematics - higher education in physics, year of graduation - 1958

Academic and scientific grades:1973 Candidate of physics and mathematics sciences1977 Docent, Latvia State university1993 Doctor of Physics, University of Latvia 1998 Dr. habil. Phys, University of Latvia1999 Professor - Physics Didactic, Faculty of physics and mathematics, University of Latvia Work experience:1958 – 1970 Assistant, lecture - Latvia State university, Faculty of physics and mathematics1970 – 1989 Docent - Latvia State university, Faculty of physics and mathematics 1977 – 1987 Head of the Chair of Experimental Physics1993 - …… Director of Bachelor and Master study programs1999 - …… Professor of the Division of Experimental Physics, University of Latvia Participation in professional and public organizations:1998 - … Member of the Senate, University of Latvia1998 - … Member of the Board for Promotion in Physics, University of Latvia1995 - … Director of the Centre of Physics education, Faculty of physics and mathematics, University of Latvia1995 - … Member of Physics education Consulting board of the Ministry of Education and Science, Latvia 1994 - … Chairman of the Board of Faculty of physics and mathematics, University of Latvia1994 - … Member of the Board of Physics Society in LatviaMain professional interests and activities:Physics, physics education, didactic of physics ( natural science for nonprofessional groups of society)Project management “Basic physics for lower secondary level of education”, author of physics text books for 8 and 9 grade schoolchildren.Organization of Higher Education.Publications: total number of research and pegagogical publications - 52

IVARS TALECURRICULUM VITAE

NAME: Ivars TALEIDENTIFICATION No: 23013610118DATE OF BIRTH: January 23, 1936ADDRESS: University of Latvia,

Faculty of physics and mathematics, Zellu Str. 1Institute of Solid State Physics, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga , Latvia; iatale@latnet.lv.

EDUCATION: 1954 – 1959 University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, student.1966-1969 University of Latvia, research student.

ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC QUALIFICATION1974 Candidat of Phys. and Math. Sciences 1983 Doctor of Phys. and Math. Sciences1987 Professor (Certificate of SU Supreme Attestation Commission )1993 Member of Latvian Academy of Sciences1991 Dr. habil. in Physics1996 Full member of Latvian Academy of Sciences 1997 Professor of University of Latvia

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE AND POSITION1959 Research assistant Faculty of Physics and Mathematics (FPM), University of Latvia (UL).1959-1966 Research assistant, Research Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics (RLSP), UL1969-1971 Research assistant, RLSP, UL.1971-1979 Head of Research Group, RLSP, UL1979-1997 Head of Research Division, Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP), UL1997 - present, Professor FPM, UL

INVOLVEMENT IN PROFESSIONAL, PUBLIC STRUCTURESMember of Association of Scientists of LatviaMember of Physical Society of LatviaMember of Promotion Council in Physics, UL

CURRICULUM VITAE

Vitauts P.Tamuzs Address:Head of laboratory, Institute Aizkraukles iela 23of Polymer Mechanics IPMLatvian University Riga LV 1006

LatviaPhone +371-7-543 306, Fax +371-7820467,e-mail: tamuzs@pmi.lv

PERSONAL Home:Born Dec. 2, 1935, Riga Ozolciema 24/1-48Divorced Riga LV 1058Citizenship Latvian LatviaEDUCATION AND DEGREES Dipl. Mech. Moscow State University 1959Cand. Sc. (Ph.D.) Moscow State University 1963Dr. of Sciences, Academy of Sciences Latvian SSR, 1973Nostricified to Dr. Habil. Eng., Latvia 1992SCIENTIFIC REWARDS Latvian state prize winner 1983USSR state science prize winner 1985LANGUAGES Latvian, Russian, EnglishPROFESSIONAL AND TEACHING EXPERIENCE Head of Laboratory Institute of Polymer Mechanics Latvian Ac. of Sc. 1964 - present(Deputy director 1975 - 1986)Assistant, docent (Associate Prof.) Polytechnical Institute Riga 1963 - 1967Associate Professor of Mechanics Latvian University 1967 - 1975Professor of Mechanics Latvian University 1975 - presentEDITORIAL EXPERIENCE Editor-in-Chief Mekhanika kompozitnih materialov (Mechanics of composite materials) 1988 - presentBoard of Editors Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 1984 - presentBoard of Editors Prikladnaya Mekhanika (Applied Mechanics) 1991 - presentBoard of Editors Archives of Mechanics 1996Board of Editors Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials 1996Editor of Proceedings of First and Second US-USSR symposia "Fracture of composite materials" 1979, 1982. Editor of numerous books in Russian.MEMBERSHIP Member of Academia Europaea since 1995Member of Latvian Academy of Science since 1992President of Latvian National Committee for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics since 1992Member of International Society for the Interaction of Mechanics and Mathematics since 1989Member of Latvian Council of Science 1993 - 1996APPLIED RESEARCH ACTIVITY EUREKA project EU888 "EUROSPRING"EUREKA project EU1841 "EUROBOGIE"EC project JOULE-2EC project CONFIBRECRETE - currentResearch contract with Alfa-Laval Separation Co, Sweden since 1990Numerous contracts with USSR industry in composite materials, fracture mechanics, fatigue, theoretical and experimental

GUEST RESEARCH Lehigh University USA, 1975 - 1976, Berlin Technical University 1996, 1999INVITED LECTURES USA: Lehigh University, VPI & SU, Northwestern University, Wisconsin University, Bridgeport

UniversityGermany: Magdeburg Technical University, Berlin Technical UniversityFrance: Grenoble University, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint-EtienneSweden: Linkoping University, Chalmers Technical University, Lulea UniversityGreece: National University of AthensChina: Beijing Institute of Aviation MaterialsDenmark: Aalborg University, RISØ CenterKorea: Pohang UniversityUSSR: Numerous Universities and Research CentersPUBLISHED BOOKS V.Kuksenko, V.Tamuzs. Fracture micromechanics of polymer materials. //Riga, Zinatne 1975 in Russian, English translation - Martinus Nijhoff Publ. - 1981., pp. 310.A.Malmeisters, V.Tamuzs, G.Teters. Mechanik der Polymerwerkstoffe. //Riga, Zinatne 1972 in Russian three editions, German translation - Akademie -Verlag. - Berlin., 1977, pp. 597.N.Romalis, V.Tamuzs. Fracture of nonhomogenous solids. Riga, 1989, pp. 224 (in Russian, English translation in progress).V.Tamuzs and coauthors. Fracture of composite structures. Riga, 1986, pp. 263 (in Russian).V.Tamuzs (with coauthors). Orientational Averaging in Mechanics of Solids. Riga, 1989, pp. 190 (in Russian, English translation by Longman Publ. 1992).Some relevant selected papers:Andersons J., Mikelsons J., Limonov V., Tamuzs V. "Fatigue of laminated composites under complex cyclic loading". Proc. ICCM-9, vol. V, Madrid, 1993, pp. 763-768.Tamuzs V., Beilin V., Joffe R., Valdmanis V. "Multicracking of brittle laminates". Mechanics of Composite Materials, 1994, vol. 30, N 6, pp. 529-539.Tamuzs V. "Fracture and damage of nonhomogeneous solids". In Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 1996 (Proc. IUTAM XIX Int. Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics), pp. 239-252.Tamuzs et al. "Creep and damage accumulation in orthotropic composites under cyclic loading". Mechanics of Composite Materials, 1998, vol. 34, N 4, pp. 447-460.

CURRICULUM VITAEBoriss Zapols

Name Surname: Boriss Zapols Identification No: 040341-10119 Date and place of birth: 1941, Riga, LATVIA Address: Mailing address: University of Latvia, 19 Rainis Blvd, Riga LV-1586, LATVIA;

FAX: +371-7820113; Visiting addresses: Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia, Kronvalda bulv. 4, 139. Room, tel. +371-7323306; Dept. of Physics and mathematics, University of Latvia, Zeļļu ielā 8, tel. +371-7615718;

Education1958-1964 - M.S.+B.S. studies, Dept. of Physics and Mathematics, the University of Latvia.1964-1967 - Ph.D. studies, the University of Latvia.

Pedagogic/ Scientific Qualifications:1972 Candidate of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia1981 Docent, University of Latvia1992 Doctor in physics, University of Latvia1998 Doctor Habil. in physics, University of Latvia1998 Leading Researcher, University of Latvia

Academic and Professional Experience and Administrative Positions1967-1978 - Lecturer / Senior Lecturer, Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Latvia.1978 - at present - Docent, Dept. of Theoretical Physics, University of Latvia.1989 - 1993 - Senior Researcher, Dept. of Chemical Physics of Condensed Matter, University of Latvia.1994 - at present - Leading Researcher, Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia.1994 - 1997 - Deputy Director, Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia.1997 - at present - Director, Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia.

Organization and Management Activities1989 - at present, Member of Union of Latvian Scientists1995 - 1998, President of Council, Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia.1998 - at present, Member of Council, Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Latvia.1999 - at present, Member of Scientific Council, University of Latvia.2000 - at present, Member of Promotion and Habilitation Council, University of Latvia.

Publications: Total number of scientific and methodical publications - 85 Web site: http://www.lu.lv/jauna/strukt/i_kimfiz.html

C U R R I C U L U M V I T A E

Jānis ĀboliņšBorn: Apr 16, 1932 Riga, LatviaResidential address: 5 Jāņa Grestes Str., apt. 58Mailing address: PO Box 543, Riga-50, LV-1050e-mail: jclover@latnet.lv

Education: the Faculty of Physics of the University of St.Petersburg (Leningrad) 1958,

graduate studies in chemistry at the University of California (Berkeley) 1958/59graduate course in physics at the University of St.Petersburg 1962Degrees: Cand.Sc. of Physics and Mathematics 1983

Dr.Phys. 1992Employment: at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the UL since 1962 as teaching assistant, senior lecturer since 1964, docent since 1984, and research fellow of the Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy since 1997. Currently engaged in teaching and coordinating a new course of graduate studies – "Physics and Technologies for Sustainable Development" initiated by the IAPS. Teaching experience: lecture courses of "Quantum Chemistry", "Molecular Spectroscopy", "Structure and Symmetry of Molecules", "Experimental Methods", "Environmental and Social Impacts of Energy Consumption", "Interdisciplinary Methods", and "Natural History".Sabbatical and other studies:Roskilde University, Denmark, 1994 – environmental educationYosemite Institute, USA, 1994 – "International Seminar on Environmental Education"University of California (Berkeley), 1995 – ecologyUniversity of Bath, UK, 1997 – interdisciplinary studiesUniversity of California (Berkeley), 1998 – distance educationUniversity of California (Berkeley), 1999 – source studies for a course on sustainable

technologies.Publications: Text-book on structure of molecules (1970)4 papers on spectroscopic studies of phase transitions in polyatomic ion crystals (1976-1984)

C U R R I C U L U M V I T A E

Name, Family name: A n d r i s B r o k s Personal code: 120842-12703Birth data: August 12th , 1942, Valka, LatviaAdresses: University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics,Zellu 8, Riga,

LV-1002 phone - 7615708, fax - 7820113, e-mail: lulc@lanet.lv (office);

Zentenes 12 - 21, Riga, LV-1069; phone - 2419898 (home)

Education 1960-65 Latvia State university, Faculty of physics and mathematics - higher education in physics, qualification - solid state physics 1969-72 Latvia State university, doctor studies in solid state physics Academic and scientific grades:1974 Candidate of physics and mathematics sciences, solid state physics, Latvia State university1981 Docent, Latvia State university (LSU)1992 Docent, University of Latvia 1992 Doctor of Physics, University of Latvia (UL) Work experience:1966-69 Assistant, senior lecturer of the Faculty of physics and mathematics, LSU1972-75 Junior, senior researcher of the Problem laboratory of Ferroelectrics and

piezoelectrics, LSU (dielectric spectroscopy of ferroelectrics)1975-78 Senior lecturer, docent of the Faculty of physics and mathematics, LSU 1976-77 Visiting researcher in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA1978-82 Deputy dean of the Faculty of physics and mathematics,LSU 1982-92 Dean of the Faculty of physics and mathematics, LSU1992 -99 Head of the Division of General Physics, Faculty of physics and mathematics, UL 2000-…. Docent of the Faculty of physics and mathematics, University of Latvia

1997-…. Researcher of the Institute for educational research, University of Latvia1996-97 Advisor to the government of Latvia ( legislation reform in education)1993-96 Senior expert of Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Latvia 1990-96 Physics teacher of the Riga upper secondary school No.3 1991-96 Student exchange projects (Umea and Linkoping universities in Sweden) 1982-91 Member of the University Physics Methodology Council of USSR 1967-88 Student exchange with the universities in Praha, Rostock, Nish.Participation in professional and public organizations: Deputy chairman of the Senate, University of Latvia (1994-98), senator (1998-..) President of Latvia Pupil’s research society (1980-96) Consulting board of the Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Latvia Latvia Association of pedagogy researchers, Board of the journal “Teacher” Physics Society of Latvia ,Physics Teacher Society of LatviaPublications: total number of research and pegagogical publications - 57INTERNET information: http//www.gramata21.lv/users/broks_andris/

CURRICULUM VITAE

Leonīds Buligins

Name, surname Leonīds BuliginsPerson code 010657-11810Date of Birth June 1 1957Address FPM, Zellu str 8, phone 7 615712Education1975-1980 University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, student1982-1985 UL, PhD studentQualification1989 – Cand. of sciences in Physics and mathematics1992 – Dr.phys. (E-D Nr 000169)1992 – Docent of UL (LU-DOC Nr 0109)Work experience1980-1985, UL FPM assistant1985-1988, UL Computing Center, senior researcher1988-1992, UL FPM senior lecturerUL FPM docent1995 – UL Center of Computational Technology, director2000 – Head of chair of Electrodynamics and Continuum mechanicsParticipation in professional Expert of Latvian Council of Scienceand other organisationsMember of FPM CouncilDeputy head of Hydrodynamics Section of Latvian National Committee of MechanicsMember of UL Institute of Physics CouncilExpert of Promotion Council in PhysicsPublications 37

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name, surname: Janis HARJAIdentification No.: 210955 – 10639Date and place of birth: September 21, 1955, distr. Aluksne, LatviaAddress: University of Latvia, Institute of Solid State Physics,

8 Kengaraga Str., Riga, LV-1061, tel. 7260973, jharja@latnet.lv

Education: 1973-1978 - student at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia1981-1984 - Ph.D. studies, University of Latvia

Pedagogic/Scientific Qualification1989 – Candidate of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia1992 – Doctor in physics, University of Latvia

1998 – Docent, University of Latvia

Academic and Professional Experience:1978-1981, 1984-1989 – technical worker at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia1989-1995 – assistant, lecturer, senior lecturer, Department of Experimental Physics, University of Latvia1996 – at present – Docent, Department of Experimental Physics, University of Latvia

Organization and Management Activities:Expert at the Latvian Council of Science regular SPIE Member (the International Society for Optical Engineering)

Publications:Total number of scientific and methodical publications - 27

Curriculum vitae

Name Surname Vladimirs IvinsIdentity No.: 300147 - 11215Place of birth: Riga, LatviaAddress: Maskavas 258 / 5, apt. 54, Riga LV - 1063, phone 7188443Work place: Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia, Zeļļu 8, room 334,

phone 7615718, e-mail: ivins@lanet.lvEducation: 1988 Training Faculty, State University of Moscow

1979 - 1980 probationer at Physics Section, University of Rostock1970 - 1973 Ph. D. studies at Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, Latvian State

University (LVU)1965 - 1970 student at Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, LVU

Pedagogical and scientific qualification:1970 Physicist (LVU diploma Ч Nr. 787972 )1976 Candidate in physical and mathematical sciences (theoretical and mathematical

physics, diploma ФМ Nr.000331)1984 Docent at Department of Theoretical Physics (certificate of docent ДЦ

Nr.074919)1992 Dr. Phys. (diploma of University of Latvia (LU) C - D Nr. 001118 Riga

27.11.1992 )1992 docent at LU (diploma of LU Docent LU-DOC Nr.0118 Riga 16.11.92)

Work experience: 1973 - 1976 technician at Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics and

Mathematics, LVU1977 - 1983 LVU senior reader at Department of General Physics, Faculty of Physics and

Mathematics1983 - 1985 acting docent at Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics and

Mathematics, LVU1986 - 1992 docent at Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics and

Mathematics, LVUSince 1992 docent at University of Latvia

1991-1996 participating in grant of Department of Theoretical Physics “Phase transition theory of inhomogeneous and disperse systems” (leader Prof. B. Rolovs), 1996-1998 - grant Nr.885 “Path integral representation of quantum statistics in condensed matter” (leader doc. I. Madžulis), 1996 - 1999 joint project with University of Rostock Research activities is connected with theoretical investigation of phase transitions in condensed matter by the methods of statistical physics. Bifurcation points and their branched solution of the first equation of Bogoliubov-Green-Kirkwood-Ivon’s equilibrium condition are analysed in average field approximation. The bifurcation points are interpreted as phase transition points, but branched solution are used for investigations of thermodynamic properties of phase state of various systems. Academic courses: physics (for students of mathematical section: 1977-1985), nuclear physics and physics of elementary particles (1983-1990), quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry (for students of chemical faculty: 1984-1989), quantum mechanics (1989), theory of condensed matter (1971-1978), group theory (1975-2000), statistics of condensed state (1975-1995), quantum statistics (1983-1985, 1996-2000), introduction in group theory and tensor analysis (1996-1998), highest symmetry (1996), symmetry principles in physics (1994-2000).Participation in public associations: chairman of trade union at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics (since 1995), member of LU trade union committee.Publications: monographs (1), papers in scientific journals and collected works (24), theses of conferences (5), other scientific publications (3), textbooks (1), manuals (4) 23.10.2000

CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME, SURNAME: ANDRIS JAKOVIČSIDENTITY NUMBER: 120850-10708BIRTH DATE AND PLACE: AUGUST 12-TH, 1950, ALŪKSNE

ADDRESSES: UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA (UL), FACULTY OF PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS (FPM), ZELLU STREET 8, RIGA, LV-1002, PHONE NO. 7615711, 9155711, AJAKOV@LATNET.LV

EDUCATION: 1968-1973, STUDENT OF LATVIAN STATE UNIVERSITY (LSU), THE FACULTY FOR PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS 1975-1977, POST-GRADUATION STUDIES AT THE LSU1990-1993, POST-DOCTORAL HABILITATION STUDIES AT THE UL

PEDAGOGIC AND SCIENTIFIC QUALIFICATION:1979, DOCTOR OF SCIENCE (USSR), THE MECHANIC OF FLUIDS AND GASES; 1983, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR (DIPLOMA) AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRODYNAMICS AND CONTINUUM MECHANICS (DECM) OF LSU1992, DOCTOR OF PHYSICS (DIPLOMA)

WORK EXPERIENCE: 1973-1975, ASSISTANT AT LSU1977-1981, ASSISTANT AND MAIN LECTURER

AT LSUSINCE 1981, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT LSU

AND UL1995-1996, PROFESSOR IN THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTROHEAT OF UNIVERSITY OF HANNOVERSINCE 1995, HEAD OF LABORATORY FOR MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES (LMMETP) OF UL

MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL, SOCIAL AND OTHER STRUCTURES:MEMBER OF DOCTORATE COUNCIL OF LATVIAN SCIENCE COUNCILMEMBER OF UL FPM COUNCILMEMBER OF THE BOARD OF PHYSICS DEPARTMENT OF UL FPMDIRECTOR OF CENTER FOR PROCESSES ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH, LTD.

PUBLICATIONS: THE WHOLE NUMBER OF SCIENTIFIC, EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS IS ABOUT 140.

INFORMATION IN INTERNET: HTTP://WWW.MODLAB.LV

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Ilmārs MadžulisPersonal code: 270854 - 12768Place of birth: Rīga, LatvijaAddress: Rīga, Hospitāļu 34-17, LV-1013., Phone 7377954Office:Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, LU (University of Latvia), Zeļļu 8-34,

phone 7615718, e-mail: madzulis@lanet.lvEducation:

1977 – physics section, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, LVU (State University of Latvia)1977-1980 – full time Ph.D. studies in department of theoretical physics, LVU01.10.96- 01.10.98. – footed pre-habilitation vacation in LU

Pedagogical and scientific qualification:1977 – higher education -"Physics" (LVU Diploma Ю Nr. 407963, 28.06.77)1986 – candidate for sciences of physics and mathematics (solid state physics)1992 - LU docent (diploma of LU docent LU-DOC Nr. 0129, 20.01.92)1992 - Dr. Phys. (diploma of LU doctor C-D Nr. 00112, 27.11.92)

Working experience: 1980 - 1987 assistant in Department of Theoretical Physics1987-1992 docent in LVUsince February, 1992 – elected as Docent of University of Latvia

Pedagogy. 1980 - 2000 lecturing of following courses in LU:theory of condensed matter, quantum mechanics (for students of chemical faculty), thermodynamics and statistical physics, physical kinetics, theoretical mechanics, optional courses of natural sciences, theory of phase transitions, methods of theoretical physics, statistical physics of Coulomb systemsScientific experience:

1991-1996 grant in Department of Theoretical Physics: "Theory of phase transitions for inhomogeneous and disperse systems”, leader Prof. B. Rolovs.

1996-2000 leader of grant Nr.885 "Quantum statistics for Coulomb systems in condensed matter: representation of path integrals",

1994-1996 participation in grant of Institute of Mathematics and Informatics "Mathematical modelling of physical systems",- leader Dr. Math. J. Rimšāns,

since 1994: collaboration with Institute for Electro-thermal Process Technique, Hannover, participating in research project of enterprise ABB,

1998-2000 participation in project financed by VW fond "Modelling of growth of silicon crystals"- leader Dr. Phys. A. Muižnieks.

Publications: methodical materials - 2, in scientific journals - 48, monograph -1.

Interests of scientific research: use of functional integrals in study of Coulomb systems, phase transitions, diffusion of doping atoms in crystals and porous materials, application of diagram technique for many particle systems.

Curriculum vitae

Name Andris MuižnieksPerson code 010861-10643Birth place and date Cesis, Latvia, 01.08.1961Family Married, 2 daughtersAddress Latvia University, Department of Physics

Zeļļu str. 8, phone 7615712,e-mail: andrism@lanet.lv

Education1995.-1997: 2nd doctor degree theses studies at Latvia University 1985.-1988:Theses studies at Latvia University 1979.-1984: Studies at Department of Physics of Latvia University, diploma: physicist, lecturer

Scientific and pedagogical qualificationDr.-Phys., Latvian Academy of Science, Latvia University, 1992.Cand.phys.math.sci. (USSR scientific system), 1991.Physicist, lecturer, diploma of Latvia University, 1984.Docent at Latvia University, 1998.

Working experience1984.-1985: engineer at Latvia University.1985.-1988: theses student at Latvia University.1988.-1995: lecturer at Chair of General Physics of Latvia University. 1995.-1997: 2nd doctor degree theses student at Latvia University.1984.- today: scientific co-worker at various scientific budget and contract projects at Latvia University.1991.- today: simultaneously to duties at Latvia University I’m working as scientific co-worker at Institute for Electroheat at University of Hanover (each year several month).1998 – today: docent at Latvia University, now at Chair for Electrodynamics and Continuum Mechanics.

Participation at professional, public and other organisations 1995.-1997: member of Foundation “Physics”.

PublicationsAbout 60 scientific publications, mainly in international journals (Journal of Crystal Growth, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Crystal Research Technology etc.) and proceedings of international conferences.

Participation in international conferences (only most important are mentioned):1990. IEEE, Toronto (Canada);1992. IEEE, Los-Angeles (USA);1995. COMPUMAG, Berlin (Germany);1996. Modelling in Crystal Growth, Durbuy (Belgium);1997. Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Paris (France);

1998. 28. congress of German crystal growth society, Karlsruhe (Germany);1998. International Induction Heating Seminar, Padua (Italy);1999. International Colloquium, Modelling of Material Processing, Riga (Latvia);2000. 3rd International Workshop on Modelling in Crystal Growth, New York (USA).

Scientific scholarships1. Scholarship of the Conference of the German Science Academies, 6 months in 1994 at the Institute

for Electroheat, University of Hanover (Germany).2. DAAD (Germany) scholarship, 2 months in 1995 at the Institute for Electroheat, University of

Hanover (Germany).3. Scholarship of the Conference of the German Science Academies, 1 month in 1996 at the Institute for

Electroheat, University of Hanover (Germany).4. Scholarship in the frame of one TEMPUS project, 1 month in 1996, University of Sheffield (Great

Britany), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering.

Management of scientific projects01.04.1998-30.09.2000: scientific project at Department of Physics (Latvia University), supported from VW-foundation (Germany) in co-operation with the Institute for Electroheat, University of Hanover (Germany). Theme: 3D analyses of FZ silicon crystal growth.

01.01.1999-31.12.2001 (planned): scientific project (grant) at Department of Physics (Latvia University), supported from Latvian Sciences Council. Theme: microscopic instabilities of silicon crystal growth.

LanguagesLatvian, German, English, Russian.

CURRICULUM VITAE

JURIS OZOLS

First name, Family name: JURIS OZOLSID: 111047-11805Born: October 11,1947, Rīga, LatvijaAdress: Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia

Zeļļu iela 8, Rīga, LV-1002, Latvija; tel. 7-615712Education: Physicist. 1966-1971 University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and

Mathematics, studentDegrees: 1998 Docent

1994 Dr.Phys.1993 MSc Phys.

Employment: 1998- Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia, docent1994- Institute of Astronomy, University of Latvia, researcher, senior researcher1991-1994 Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia, senior researcher1988-1993 Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia, senior lecturer1971-1989 Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia, laboratory assistant, senior engineer, head of laboratory, researcher

Professional organizations:Latvian National Metrology centre, member of technical committee "Legal metrology"

Publications Total amount of scientific and educational publications -18

Curriculum Vitae

Valdis RĒvalds

Name Valdis Revalds

Persons code 051030-10301

Date and place of birth October 05,1930, Dzirciems

Address: Department of Physics, University of Latvia, 19 Rainis boulevard, Riga, LV – 1586, LATVIA, phone –7615707

Education: 1950-1955 Department of Physics, University of Latvia1959-1962 graduate course in physics at the University of St.Peterburg (Leningrad)

Pedagogic and scientific qualification:1965 Cand. Sc. of Physics and Mathematics1974 Docent at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics1992 Dr. phys.1993 Docent Emeritus

Working Experience:1955 – 1959 Laboratory assistant at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics,

University of Latvia1962-1968 Lecturer / Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics,

University of Latvia.1969 - at present - Docent, , at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia.

Publications: Total number of scientific and methodical publications - 105

Curriculum Vitae

Name: TOMASS ROMANOVSKISDate of Birth: March 7, 1944Identity No: 070344-10510Nationality: polish

Education 1961-1969 student ; Faculty for physics and mathematics, Latvia University1972 Posgraduate studies at Moscow University 1975 postdoctor studies at Charles University in Prague (Czech Republic)1989 research studies at University Rostock (Germany)1993 research studies at Technical University in Barcelona (Spain)

Academic degrees:1973 Dr. Sc. in physics and mathematics, Tartu University1978 Docent, according to the decision of the State Educational Committee of the

USSR1994 Dr. phys., nostrification of Dr. Sc. degree of year 1973 at Latvia University1995 Docent, Latvia university Employment:1978.-1986 Docent, Division of experimental physics, Latvia University1986-1997 Professor,1997- Docent,Academic publications: approx. 100Research: solid state physics, computer applications in physics teachingTeaching: Theoretical mechanics, Nonlinear phenomena and selforganization,

Physics didactic, Computer based laboratory, Physics for medicineSocial activities: member of GIREP (Groupe International de recherche sur l’Enseignement de la Physique), member of American association of physics teachers, editorial board member of “Educational studies in mathematics” (an international journal) and “Starry sky” (Latvia)

Award: Man of the year – 1999 (American Biographical Institute).

Curriculum Vitae

Personal details Name Date of birth Address Nationality Marital status Children

Laimdota SNIDEREJune 2, 19535 Kr.Barona Street, apt 34, Jelgava LV-3001, LatviaLatviandivorcedone daughter

Language fluency Russian - fluentlyGerman, English - knowledgeable

Education 1960 - 1968 1968 - 197l 1971 - 1978

1983 - 1986

basic school of Pilsrundale mathematics high-school in Riga at the University of Latvia University of Latvia (UL), Faculty of Physics and Mathematicspost-graduate studies at the UL

Qualifications 1993 Dr. PhDs (Latvia)Pedagogical work 1978-1981 since 1986

teaching assistant at the Latvian Academy of Agriculture senior lecturer at the University of Latvia (Departments of Higher Mathematics, and Department of Theoretical Physics), of the courses of physics, mathematics, numerical variation methods, heat transfer, thermodynamics and statistical physics

Research work since 1973

since 1988

since 1993

since 1996

laboratory assistant, engineer, researcher, leading researcherleading researcher at the University of Latvia in mathematical modelling of heat transfer in electronic equipmentleading researcher in modelling and measurement of heat transfer processes in buildingshead of the Laboratory of Applied Thermophysics at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of UL

Research subjects mathematical modelling and experimental measurement of heat transfer processes at the MHD and electronic equipment and structure elements of buildings

Theses, Dr, Phys. 1993 "Mathematical modelling of heat transfer processes in the MHD machines" has been defended in as Doctor of Physics

Construction business 1993management

1997

Chairmanship of the apartment building society "Augstskola" of the University of Latvia. Since 1994 construction of three buildings of total apartment area 19,000 m2 (280 apartments) has been completed with total value of Ls 2,000,000.Director of "Augstskola Plus" Ltd. Which is planning construction of 100-apartment building in 2 Neretas St. of value Ls 800,000-1,000,000 (1,3-1,6 million ECU).

Research activities 1993-1997

1997

"Study of heat transfer processes in the 119 series standard apartment buildings, methods of insulation and optimisation of heating".finances by the Academy of Sciences of Latvia.Member of the Co-ordinators Board of the national research programme (#6): "Optimisation of heat production and consumption in Latvia".

Curriculum vitae

Youris Employed by: Domicile:Zhagars Fac. of physics & math. LV-1001 RigaDr.hab.phys. University of Latvia Hanzas str. 4-24Docent tel. 944.17.37 Birth: Riga, 09.02.1949 Graduated: 1973, Moscow State university in astronomySpeeks 4 languages: Latvian, English, French and RussianAbout 51 scientific papers, 3 patents,

1979, these "Prediction of artifical satellites motion" in Moscow universities Sternberg Astronomical institute for the sc. candidate degree (Ph.D.) in physics and mathematics. In 1988 certificated as senior researcher in astronomy. In 1993 certificated as Dr.phys of the University of Latvia. 1999, these “Visible motion of satellites” in University of Latvia for degree Dr.habil.phys. From 1967 was employed by Astronomical observatory, Faculty of physics and mathemathics and Museum of history of space research (F.Tsanders museum) of the University of Latvia. From 2000 is also vice-rector of Ventspils College. The scientific interests are connected with Geophysics and Dynamics and kynematics of the artificial Earth satellites motion, leaded to the new theory of the satellites visible motion. Y.Zhagars is a member of the International Astronomical union (IAU), European Astronomical Society (EAS) and European Geophysical Society (EGS). He was the sc. consultant for several theses, is lecturing in Astronomy, Space Information Technologies and Basics of GPS in the Physics department of the University of Latvia.

Recent / Representative Publications

1. Zhagars Y., Zarinsh A., Ekstremalnije zadachi sblizhenija ISZ i nabljudatelja (in russian), sbornik Navigacionnaja privjazka i statisticheskaja obrabotka kosmicheskoi informacii, M.Nauka, 1983. 2. ZhagarsY., Zarinsh A. Chisslennije issledovanija vidimogo dvizhenija ISZ (in russian), sbornik Navigacionnaja privjazka i statisticheskaja obrabotka kosmicheskoi informacii, M.Nauka, 1983. 3. Abele M., Zhagars Y., et.al. Anlage fur das Aufspuren von Himmelskorpen, Wirtschaftspatent Deuchland, DD273.953.A3, B.1989. 4. Abele M., Zhagars Y., et.al. Lazerna komputerna lokacionna sistema za izmervane na razstojanija do spetnici na Zemljata, Bulgarian patent # 47620, Sofia, 1993. 5. Zhagar Y., Paunonen M., Pavenis A., Gedrovics V. The first approach of the mecanical

accuracy for LS-105 SLR telescope in Metsahovi (Finland), Acta Universitatis Latviensis v.600, astronomy 20, Satellite laser ranging, Riga, 1995.

6. Stoykov A., Zhagars Y., Abele M., Laposhka V. Second Riga SLR telescope ULIS - start of measuring, Acta Universitatis Latviensis v.600, astronomy 20, Satellite laser ranging, Riga, 1995.

7. Stoykov A., Zhagars Y., Dimitrova M. Method of determination of "alt-alt" mount's parameters for telescopes in the vertical reference frame, Acta Universitatis Latviensis v.600, astronomy 20, Satellite laser ranging, Riga, 1995. 8. Zhagars Y. F.Tsanders and space flight dynamics, Theses Historiae Scientiarium Baltica, Riga, 1996. 9. Zhagars Y., Kaminskis J. The new geodynamic site in Latvia LV-04 (Irbene) - converted russian ex-military object, Annales Geophysicae vol.16, s.1, part 1, 1998. 10. Zhagars Y., Kaminskis J., Salmins K. Different geoid solutions in Latvia and vertical geodetic network, Book of extended abstracts of WEGENER's 9-th Gen. Assambl. Honefoss, Staten Kartverk, Oslo, 1998. 11. Zhagars Y., Kaminskis J. Irbene (LV-04) jauns geodinamiskais poligons Latvija, Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Science, No.6, 1998. 12. Zhagars Y. Use of space technologies for transport organization, Reports of workshop "Research and Developement in the Modern Transportation Technology" of 4-th Internat. Conf. "Baltic Transit Gateway", Riga, 1999. 13. Zhagars Y., Kaminskis J. Latvia local geoid on aprobation, Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol.2, 2000, ISSN:1028-7006. 14. Zhagars Y., Kaminskis J. First results of the geodynamic station IRBENE (Latvia), Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol.2, 2000,ISSN:1028-7006.

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DETAILSSurname, Name: IVARS DRIĶISAddress: 3 side str. of Ciekurkalns 26-8 Riga,

LV-1026, LatviaTelephone: 371-7- 368289e-mail: drikis@lanet.lvDate and place of birth: March 1, 1968, Cesvaine, Latvia

EDUCATIONNov. 1996 - July 1999 University of Paris 7, Dr. Phys. (fluid mechanics)Nov. 1993 - July 1999 University of Latvia, PhD studiesSept. 1986 - July 1993 University of Latvia,

Physicist (mathematical modeling of physical processes)

WORK EXPERIENCEOct. 1999 - University of Latvia, department of Physics, lecturerMay 1998 - Oct. 1999 Institute of Physics, University of Latvia, assistantFeb. 15 - May 14, 1996Feb. 27 - May 26, 1995

TEMPUS program S_JEP-07923-94, study visit in National Technical University of Athens, Greece

Nov. 1989 - July 1990 Institute of Solid State Physics University of Latvia, Laboratory assistant

SKILLSLatvian, fluent in Russian, good EnglishBasic knowledge in German and French

COMPUTER EXPERIENCEProgramming languages C , C++ , Perl, FORTRAN, Java

UNIX SGI, LinuxProgram packages Wolfram Mathematica, Matlab, Corel Draw, LaTeX

SCIENTIFIC INTERESTSPattern formation phenomena in systems with long-range interactionMassive Parallel Computing

Curriculum Vitae

First name, surname: Sandris LācisIdentity number: 200162-12701Date and place of birth: 20 january 1962, PļaviņasAddresses: University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and mathematics,

Zeļļu str. 8, phone. 7615712; e-mail: slacis@lanet.lv

Education:

1980-1985 Latvian State University, Faculty of Physics and mathematics, studies1988-1991 Latvian State University, Faculty of Physics and mathematics, PhD studies

1992-1995 7th Paris University, AOMC laboratory, these en cotutelPedagogic and scientific qualification:

1995 LU master degree in physics1996 Doctor degree of 7th Paris University in physics of fluids

1996 Doctor degree in physics of Latvian Academy of Sciences,

Working experience:1985-1988 Latvian State University, Faculty of Physics and mathematics, egineer1988-1991 Latvian State University, Faculty of Physics and mathematics, junior research assistant 1991-1999 University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and mathematics, lecturer, assistant1999- University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and mathematics, lecturer

Professional and other organizations:Member of HYDROMAG.

Publications: Total number of scientific and methodic publications – 22.

Curriculum vitae

of Mihails Belovs.

Personal identification code: 200350-11833. Born: March 20, 1950, in Russia.Education:1973-1976 Post graduate student in the University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and

Mathematics.

1967-1972 Student in the University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics

Scientific qualification:1992 Dozent of the University of Latvia (diploma LU-DOC 0103, issued in Riga)1992 Doctor of Mathematics (diploma C-D 000043, issued in Riga)1986 Dozent the Department of Common Mathematics of the University of Latvia

(certificate ДЦ 089885 issued in Moscow)1979 Candidate of Physical and Mathematical sciences (diploma ФМ008040, issued

in Moscow)

Work experience:1972-1973 Senior assistant at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the University of

Latvia.1976-1977 Junior scientific associate at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the

University of Latvia.1977-1982 Senior lectures at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the University of

Latvia.Since 1982 Dozent of the Department of Common Mathematics at the Faculty of Physics

and Mathematics of the university of Latvia.

Scientific publication:Monographic 1Articles in scientific journals and collections

33

Education materials 7

Scientific research direction:Application of asymptotic methods in mathematical physics

Academic courses:Since 1977 Analytical Geometry and Linear Algebra

Calculus Methods of Mathematical Physics

Special courses:Since 1997 Methods of Approximation in Physics.

DZINTRAS DAMBERGASCURRICULUM VITAE

Date of birth: 1943.

Education:1961. - 1966. Latvia State University, Faculty of Physics and mathematics, student;1974. - 1977. Latvia State University Tuition by correspondence post graduate course in methods of teaching mathematics.1993.Obtained Master of science grade in mathematics.

Occupation:1965.-1966. Laboratory assistant in Latvia State university center of computers. 1966.-1969. Assistant in Latvia State university. Comprehensive mathematics department.Since 1969. Senior lecturer in Latvia State University comprehensive mathematics department.

Scientific publications (number):Articles in scientific magazines and symposiums 4Abstracts (conference thesis) 6

Education literature publicized :Teaching aids 2Subject programmes 2

Research works:Methodics of teaching mathematics subject.

Academic courses:Highest mathematics in different periods of time for biology, chemistry professions.Mathematical analysis, differential equations, complex variable functions theory for students of

physics profession.Possibilities of teaching process optimization for mathematics profession students;.Organization and management of teaching practice.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name Surname: Ojars JudrupsIdentification No: 250943-11820Date & place of birth: Riga, September 25, 1943

Address: University of Latvia, Zellu St. 8, LV-1002, Phone: (+371) 7601581, FAX: (+371) 7601581, e-mail: ojudrups@lanet.lv

Education: 1965-1970 student of Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia1973-1976 Ph.D. student at Institute of Physics, Latvian Academy of Sciences

Pedagogic/Scientific Qualifications:1980 Candidate of Sciences, University of Byelorussia, Byelorussia1986 Docent of Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia1992 Doctor of Mathematics, University of Latvia

Academic Positions: 1969-1973, 1976-1977 Junior researcher at Institute of Physics, Latvian Academy of Sciences 1977-1982 Lecturer at Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of LatviaSince 1982 Docent at Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia1991-1993 Vice dean of Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of LatviaSince 1991 Researcher at Institute of Mathematics of University of Latvia and Latvian Academy of Sciences Since 1993 Dean of Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia

Organisation and Management:1983-1991 Leader of Tread-union of Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of LatviaSince 1995 Senator at University of LatviaSince 1995 Leader of Senate’s Commission of Finance and budget

Publications: Total number of publications: 59.

Curriculum Vitae

First name, last name: Ojārs LietuvietisCitizenship, nationality: Latvian, LatvianIdentity number: 230445-12764

Education: 1963-1968. Latvian State University, Department of Physics and Mathematics, student 1975-1978. Latvian State University, post-graduate student

Academic Titles and Scientific Degrees: 1987. - Candidate of Physics and Mathematics Sciences, sub-branch Differential and Mathematical Physics Equations 1992. - Doctor in Mathematics 1996. - Docent of the Latvian University

Employment: 1967.-1990. Computing center of Latvian State university, laboratory assistant, junior research assistant, mathematic - programmer, senior engineer mathematic - programmer, senior scietific collaborator since 1990. University of Latvia , Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, docent

Scientific Publications: Research papers 21 Thesis 11 Other 1Published teaching literature: Textbooks 1Research areas: Differential equations and numerical analysis. Academic Courses: Differential equations (since 1990) Elements of functional analysis (since 1991) Numerical methods with computers (since 1998) Methods of complex functions (since 1999) Languages: Latvian, Russian and English.

Curriculum Vitae

of Jānis Smotrovs

Personal identification code: 231147-10724Born: November 23, 1947, in Okte, Talsi district.Home address: Lielvārdes iela 121-59, Rīga, LV-1084. Phone: 7549322.Work address: Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the University of Latvia, Zeļļu iela 8, Rīga.

Phone: 7615353. E-mail: smotrovs@lanet.lv .Education: highest (Mag. math.).1965-1970 studies at the University of Latvia, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics1975-1978 post graduate studies at the University of Latvia, specialization “Differential and integral

equations”, passed the candidate minimum examinations in philosophy and German language, and preexaminations of post graduate studies in the speciality

1986-1987 graduated the Faculty of Raising Qualification of the Moscow State University, specialization mathematics

Pedagogical and scientific qualification:since 1993 Master of Mathematics (Mag. math.);1987 a certificate of graduating the Faculty of Raising Qualification of the Moscow State

University, with specialization in mathematics and of finishing courses in informatics;1970 graduated the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Latvia State University, with

specialization in physics.Work experience:1972-1975 engineer, later junior scientific associate at the Department of Electrodynamics of the

University of Latvia1975-1978 post graduate student at the Department of General Mathematics of the University of

Latvia1978-1992 senior engineer, assistant, senior tutor at the Department of General Mathematics of the

University of Latviasince 1991 research assistant at the Institute of Mathematicssince 1992 lecturer at the Department of General Mathematics of the University of LatviaScientific publications:Articles in scientific journals and collections 9Education materials 6Other publications 2Scientific research direction:Application of asymptotic methods to the inversion of integral Fourier transforms.Academical courses:1978-1983 Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics1978-1991 Higher Mathematics1980-1981 Mathematical Analysis1981-1982 Vector and Tensor Analysis1987-1991 Mathematical Analysis1990-1991 Differential Equationssince 1991 Selected areas of Mathematics (Mathematics for students of Biology)since 1993 Methods of Mathematical Statistics and Factor Analysis