doc2-lte workshop_tun_session1_evolution path towards 4g

ITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on “4G Wireless Systems” - Tunisia 2010

ITU/BDT A b R i l W k hITU/BDT Arab Regional Workshop on“4G Wireless Systems”y

LTE Technology

Session 1 : Evolution path towards 4GTechnology Evolution and RegulationTechnology volution and Regulation

Speakers M. Lazhar BELHOUCHETM Hakim EBDELLIM. Hakim EBDELLI

Date 27 – 29 January 2010

www.cert.nat.tn1 Evolution path towards 4G


Agenda

• Terminology

• Drivers of Mobile Networks Evolution

• Enablers of Mobile Networks EvolutionEnablers of Mobile Networks Evolution

• ITU Work : Spectrum, Study Groups, R d i d S h d lRecommandations and Schedule



Terminology

– Throughput: the gross bit rate Goodput

that is transferred physically

– Goodput: the application level throughput, i.e. the

7. Application

6. Presentation7. Application

6 Presentation

Goodput

level throughput, i.e. the number of useful bits per unit of time forwarded by the network from a certain

6. Presentation

5. Session

4. Transport

6. Presentation

5. Session

4. Transportnetwork from a certain source address to a certain destination, e cl ding protocol o erhead

3. Network

2. Data Link3. Network

2. Data Linkexcluding protocol overhead, and excluding retransmitted data packets

1. Physical 1. Physical

Throughput



Terminology – Cont.

– Capacity: it’s the maximum number of users or the total data throughput a network can support reliably. It relies on traffic loading, traffic patterns, cell site equipment capability, and hardware dimensioning.

– Multiple Access technique :defines how terminals transmit over the same transmission medium and share its capacity. Examples: p y p

• Circuit mode channel access methods :FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA, OFDMA

b d l l h d l h /• Contention based multiple access methods: Aloha, CSMA/CD (Ethernet), CSMA/CA,…

– multiplexing : is a process where multiple signals/streams are combined p g p p g /into one signal over a shared medium : FDM, TDM

– Dupplexing techniques: define how to divide UL and DL communication channels on the same physical communication medium

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channels on the same physical communication medium

Evolution path towards 4G


Terminology – Cont.

– Cell Spectral efficiency: the aggregate throughput of all users (the number of correctly received bits) divided by the channel bandwidth divided by the number of cells. The channel bandwidth is defined as the effective bandwidth times the frequency reuse factor. It's measured in bit/s/Hz/cell.

– The peak spectral efficiency is the highest theoretical data rate (normalised by bandwidth), which is the received data bits assuming error‐free conditions assignable to a single mobile station when allerror free conditions assignable to a single mobile station, when all available radio resources for the corresponding link direction are utilised

f h h h h f– Frequency Reuse factor: is the rate at which the same frequency can be used in the network. It is 1/K where K is the number of cells which cannot use the same frequencies for transmission.



Terminology – Cont.l l ( l ) l• Control plane (C‐Plane) latency is

typically measured as the transition time from different connection modes, e.g., from idle to active state.

• User plane latency : (also knownUser plane latency : (also known as transport delay) is the transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer in theavailable at the IP layer in the user terminal/base station and the availability of this packet at IP l i h b i /layer in the base station/user terminal.



Drivers of Technology Evolution (Mobile Networks)

• Higher bit rates to meet user demands and support more services

• Better spectral efficiency

• More capacityMore capacity

• Better Mobility and Roaming

• Better quality of serviceBetter quality of service

• Less delay (latency)

• Simplified architectureSimplified architecture

• Lower costs

• Use of new spectrum opportunities

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Use of new spectrum opportunities



Enablers of Technology Evolution (Mobile Networks)

• Terminals: Laptops, Phones with camera

• Cost of network equipments is decreasing

• Services: video (video sharing websites…), e‐Services: video (video sharing websites…), eGovernment, Peer‐to‐Peer (torrents)



Technology Evolution

• The evolution of wireless telephone technologies can bediscretely grouped into various generations based on the levely g p gof maturity of the underlying technology.

• The classification into generations is not standardized on anygiven metrics or parameters and as such does not represent astrict demarcation.

• It represents a perspective which is commonly agreed upon,both by industry and academia, and hence conceived to be anunwritten standardunwritten standard.



Technology Evolution – Cont.Generation Family/Standardization body Technologies Features Mobil./Roam Throughput Capacity Services

1GNMT AMPS TACS

Extended coverage Bad

(1981)NMT, AMPS, TACS coverage, Bad

quality, drops

2G

ETSI/3GPP GSM and GSM/CSD Better mobility, Roaming, Better 3GPP2 CdmaOne (IS‐95 A and B)

(1991 ‐ 95) quality, SMS + low bitrate date

OtherD‐AMPS (IS‐54 and IS‐

136), PDC, PHS

2.5G(1999 00)

GSM/3GPP GPRS, HSCSD PS data(1999 ‐ 00)

/

2.75G(2000)

3GPP EDGE/EGPRS Higher data rate, PS data

3GPP2 CDMA2000 1xRTT (IS‐2000)3GPP2 ( )

3G (IMT‐2000)

(2002 – 03)

3GPPUMTS : WCDMA, TD‐CDMA,

TD‐SCDMAHigher data rates, Global roaming3GPP2 CDMA2000 1xEV‐DO (IS‐856)



Technology Evolution – Cont.

GenerationFamily/Standard.

bodyTechnologies Features Mobil./Roam

Throughput

Capacity

Services

3 5G 3GPP HSDPA HSUPA Higher data rates3.5G(2005 –present)

3GPP HSDPA, HSUPA Higher data rates, less latency, more

capacity3GPP2 EV‐DO Rev. A

3.75G 3GPP HSPA+Higher data rates

(2007 –present)

Higher data rates, more capacity3GPP2

CDMA2000 3x (EV‐DO Rev. B)

3GPP 3GPP LTE3.9G(2010)

?Other

IEEE 802.16e‐2005, Flash‐OFDM, IEEE

802.20

4G (IMT‐Advanced)

? ? ?



Technology Evolution ‐ Throughput

326400350000

Typical bitrate per carrier3.9 G

250000

300000

Wifi

96000

144400

100000

150000

200000

kb/s

1G 2G 2.5G 3G

1.2 9.6 104 39 9.6 200 270 384 153 307214400

5400039000

0

50000

100000

3.9G



GSM/GPRS/EDGE – main featuresGSM• GSM:

– Dup./ Channel access : FDD/ F‐TDMA

– Channel Bandwidth : 200 KHz

Speech Coding: FR EFR HR AMR FR AMR– Speech Coding: FR, EFR, HR, AMR FR, AMR HR

– Max Bit rate: 14.4 kbit/s (Data)

– channel data rate :270.833 kbit/s

– Services: voice, SMS, CS data

• GPRS: Rel 97− New PS domain

− Sevices : + Internet, WAP, MMS, PTT

− Bitrates [kb/s] : CS‐1 (9.05 kbit/s), CS‐2(13.4), CS‐3 (15.6), CS‐4 (21.4)

• EDGE (IMT Single Carrier): (Rel 98)• Evolved EDGE (3GPP Rel 7)− Bitrates : 1 3Mbps in the downlink andEDGE (IMT Single Carrier): (Rel 98)

− BTS needs to be upgraded to support EDGE

− Modulations : GMSK + 8PSK

− MCS : 8.80 59.2 kb/s : 473.6 kbit/s for 8 TS

Bitrates : 1.3Mbps in the downlink and 653Kbps in the uplink

− Modulations: 32QAM and 16QAM− Dual antennas

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− Sevices : + video



UMTS – main features3G l 99/ l– 3GPP Rel 99/Rel 4• Mutiple access method: CDMA

• Dupplexing method: FDD and TDD

• Channel Bandwidth : 5 MHz/1 6 MHz• Channel Bandwidth : 5 MHz/1.6 MHz

• Chip rate: 3.84 Mcps/ 1.28 Mcps

• Speech Coding: AMR

• Modulation : QPSK

• User bitrates : 384 kbit/s PS, 64 kbit/s CS

• Servcies : + moble TV, video calling

– 3GPP Rel 5• HSDPA : 16QAM, 14.4 Mbit/s in DL

– 3GPP Rel 6• HSUPA : 5.76 Mbit/s

3GPP R l 8– 3GPP Rel 7 HSPA+• DL MIMO, DL 64QAM, UL 16QAM,

• Peak data rates : 28 Mbit/s in DL, 11.5

– 3GPP Rel 8• 42.2 Mbit/s in the downlink

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Mbit/s in UL



Why Move Towards 4G?

• Limitation to meet expectations of applications like multimedia, full motion, video, wireless teleconferencing , , g

• Wider Bandwidth• Difficult to move and interoperate due to different standards hampering Seamless Roaming

• Global mobility and service portability• Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’; need a new• Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs ; need a new integrated network

• Limitations in applying recent advances in spectrally more pp y g p yefficient modulation schemes

• Need all digital network to fully utilize IP and converged video

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and dataEvolution path towards 4G


ITU Work

• ITU Radiocommunication Assembly approved Question ITU‐R 229‐2/5 on the future development of IMT‐2000 and systems / p ybeyond IMT‐2000.

• That Question asks generally about the overall objectives and the technical, operational and spectrum issues related to the future development of IMT‐2000 and systems beyond IMT‐20002000.

• One of the initial steps in the process of addressing this Question is producing the Recommendation on theQuestion is producing the Recommendation on the framework of the future development of IMT‐2000 and systems beyond IMT‐2000 (ITU‐R‐REC‐M.1645).

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y y ( )



ITU Work – RESOLUTION ITU‐R 56

Specifies the nomenclature for the future development of IMT‐2000 and systems beyond IMT‐2000:y y

1. the term “IMT‐2000” encompasses also its enhancements and future developments1;

2. the term “IMT‐Advanced” be applied to those systems, system components, and related aspects that include new radio interface(s) that support the new capabilities of systems beyond IMT‐20002; and

3 h “IMT” i h h b h3. the term “IMT” is the root name that encompasses both IMT‐2000 and IMT‐Advanced collectively.



ITU‐R Work – Resolution ITU‐R 57

• ITU‐R process of developing ITU‐R Recommendations for the terrestrial components of the IMT‐Advanced radio interface(s) is guided by Resolution ITU‐R 57

• Resolution ITU‐R 57 Resolves:– to define minimum technical requirements and evaluation criteria, based onto define minimum technical requirements and evaluation criteria, based on

the framework and overall objectives of IMT‐Advanced, that support the new capabilities expressed in Recommendation ITU‐R M.1645;

– to invite Members of ITU‐R and other organizations through a circular letterto invite Members of ITU R and other organizations, through a circular letter, to propose candidate radio interface technologies for IMT‐Advanced;

– to evaluate by ITU‐R of the radio interface technologies proposed for IMT Advanced to ensure that they meet the requirements and criteria definedIMT‐Advanced to ensure that they meet the requirements and criteria defined

– to built consensus with the objective of achieving harmonization which would have the potential for wide industry support of the radio interfaces that are developed for IMT Advanced;

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developed for IMT‐Advanced;



ITU‐R Work – Study Groups

• Study Group 1 (SG 1) ‐ Spectrum management

Study Group 5 (SG 5)

•Working Party 5A (WP 5A) ‐ Land mobile service • Study Group 3 (SG 3) ‐ Radiowave

propagation

• Study Group 4 (SG 4) ‐ Satellite services

g yexcluding IMT; amateur and amateur‐satellite service•Working Party 5B (WP 5B) ‐Maritime mobile service including Global Maritime Distress and• Study Group 5 (SG 5) ‐ Terrestrial services

• Study Group 6 (SG 6) ‐ Broadcasting service

service including Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS); aeronautical mobile service and radiodetermination service•Working Party 5C (WP 5C) ‐ Fixed wireless

• Study Group 7 (SG 7) ‐ Science services

• Coordination Committee for Vocabulary (CCV)

C f P t M ti (CPM)

systems; HF and other systems below 30 MHz in the fixed and land mobile services•Working Party 5D (WP 5D) ‐ IMT SystemsJoint Task Group 5 6 Studies on the use of the• Conference Preparatory Meeting (CPM)

• Special Committee (SC)

Joint Task Group 5‐6 ‐ Studies on the use of the band 790‐862 MHz by mobile applications and by other services



ITU‐R Work – IMT‐Advanced Key features• Published in ITU‐R‐REC‐M.1645 (radio access network) and ITU‐T Recommendation

ITU‐T Q.1702(core network):

h h d f l f f l ld d h l h• high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to support a wide range of services and applications in a cost efficient manner;

• compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks;

• capability of interworking with other radio access systems;

• high quality mobile services;g q y ;

• user equipment suitable for worldwide use;

• user‐friendly applications, services and equipment;

• worldwide roaming capability; and• worldwide roaming capability; and,

• enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility were established as targets for

h)

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research).



ITU‐R Work – Circular Letter 5/LCCE/2• 7 March 2008 : Invitation for submission of proposals for candidate radio interface

technologies for the terrestrial components of the radio interface(s) for IMT‐Advanced and invitation to participate in their subsequent evaluationAdvanced and invitation to participate in their subsequent evaluation

• The purpose of this Circular Letter is to invite the submission of proposals for candidate radio interface technologies (RITs) or a set of RITs (SRITs) for the t t i l t f IMT Ad dterrestrial components of IMT‐Advanced.

• This Circular Letter also initiates an ongoing process to evaluate the candidate RITs or SRITs for IMT‐Advanced, and invites the formation of independent evaluation

d h b b i i f l i h didgroups and the subsequent submission of evaluation reports on these candidate RITs or SRITs.

• Within the ITU‐R, the work on IMT‐Advanced will be conducted in ITU ( ) ( ) fRadiocommunication Study Group 5 (SG 5). Working Party 5D (WP 5D) of SG 5 has

been identified as the group responsible for this work.



ITU‐R Work –Minimum technical requirements and Evaluation criteriaand Evaluation criteria

• Spectral efficiency:– χi :number of correctly received bits by user i (downlink) or from user i (uplink) in a

i i l i f N dM llsystem comprising a user population of N users and M cells.

– ω :channel bandwidth– T :the time over which the data bits are received.

T t i t D li k (bit/ /H / ll) U li k (bit/ /H / ll)Test environment Downlink (bit/s/Hz/cell) Uplink (bit/s/Hz/cell)Indoor 3 2.25

Microcellular 2.6 1.80

Base coverage urban 2.2 1.4

High speed 1.1 0.7



ITU‐R Work –Minimum technical requirements and Evaluation criteriaand Evaluation criteria

• Peak spectral efficiencyD li k k t l ffi i i 15 bit/ /H– Downlink peak spectral efficiency is 15 bit/s/Hz

– Uplink peak spectral efficiency is 6.75 bit/s/Hz.

• Bandwidth• Bandwidth– Up to 100 MHz



ITU‐R Work –Minimum technical requirements and evaluation criteriaand evaluation criteria

• Cell edge user spectral efficiency: – The cell edge user spectral efficiency is defined as 5% point of the g p y % p

cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the normalized user throughput

– χ : number of correctly received bits of user i– χi : number of correctly received bits of user i, – Ti :active session time for user i

– ω :channel bandwidth

Test environment Downlink (bit/s/Hz/cell) Uplink (bit/s/Hz/cell)Indoor 0.1 0.07

Microcellular 0.075 0.05Microcellular

Base coverage urban 0.06 0.03

High speed 0.04 0.015




• Latency

• Control plane latency– < 100 ms : from idle state to an active state

• User plane latencyl th 10 i l d d diti– less than 10 ms in unloaded conditions




• Mobility• The following classes of mobility are defined:• The following classes of mobility are defined:

– Stationary: 0 km/h

– Pedestrian: > 0 km/h to 10 km/h

V hi l 10 t 120 k /h– Vehicular: 10 to 120 km/h

– High speed vehicular: 120 to 350 km/h

• Mobility classes that shall be supported in the respective test environment.

Test environmentsIndoor Microcellular Base coverage urban High speed

Mobility classessupported

Stationary, pedestrian

Stationary, pedestrian,Vehicular

(up to 30 km/h)

Stationary, pedestrian, vehicular

High speed vehicular, vehicular


(up to 30 km/h)



• A mobility class is supported if the traffic channel link data rate, normalized by bandwidth on the uplink is as shown in Table below whennormalized by bandwidth, on the uplink, is as shown in Table below, when the user is moving at the maximum speed in that mobility class in each of the test environments.

Bit/s/Hz Speed (km/h)

Indoor 1.0 10

Microcellular 0.75 30

Base coverage urban 0.55 120

High speed 0.25 350




• Handover

Handover type Interruption time (ms)Intra frequency 27 5Intra-frequency 27.5Inter-frequency– within a spectrum band 40– between spectrum bands 60




• VoIP CapacityTest environment Min VoIP capacity

(A ti / t /MH )(Active users/sector/MHz)Indoor 50Microcellular 40Base coverage urban 40High speed 30



ITU‐R Work – Time schedule



ITU‐R Work – development process



ITU‐R Work – development process – Cont.



ITU‐R Work – Received proposals

• Doc. IMT‐ADV/4 ‐ Acknowledgement of candidate submission from IEEE under Step 3 of the IMT‐Advanced process (IEEE technology)

/ k l d f d d b f d• Doc. IMT‐ADV/5 ‐ Acknowledgement of candidate submission from Japan under Step 3 of the IMT‐Advanced process (IEEE technology)

• Doc. IMT‐ADV/6 ‐ Acknowledgement of candidate submission from Japan under Step 3 of the IMT‐Advanced process (3GPP technology)

• Doc. IMT‐ADV/7 ‐ Acknowledgement of candidate submission from TTA under Step 3 of the IMT‐Advanced process (IEEE technology)

• Doc. IMT‐ADV/8 ‐ Acknowledgement of candidate submission from 3GPP proponent (3GPP organization partners of ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TTA AND TTC) under Step 3 of the IMT‐Advanced process (3GPP technology)

• Doc. IMT‐ADV/9 ‐ Acknowledgement of candidate submission from China (People´s Republic of) under Step 3 of the IMT‐Advanced process (3GPP technology



ITU‐R Work – Evaluation Groupsl d• ARIB Evaluation Group

• ATIS WTSC

• Canadian Evaluation Group (CEG)

• TCOE India

• TR‐45 ‐

• TTA PG707Canadian Evaluation Group (CEG)

• Chinese Evaluation Group (ChEG)

• ETSI

TTA PG707

• UADE, Instituto de Tecnología (Argentina)

• Israeli Evaluation Group (IEG)

• Russian Evaluation Group(REG)

WINNER

• WiMAX Forum Evaluation Group (WFEG)

• Wireless Communications• WINNER+ Wireless Communications Association International (WCAI)

Evaluation Reports :The evaluation reports will be made available on WP 5D Website They will also be prepared as inputs to Working Party 5D


Website. They will also be prepared as inputs to Working Party 5D.


ITU‐R Work – Workshops on IMT‐Advanced

• 1st Workshop on IMT‐Advanced ‐ Kyoto, 22 M 2007May 2007

• 2nd Workshop on IMT‐Advanced ‐ Seoul, 7 October 2008

• 3rd Workshop on IMT Advanced Dresden 15• 3rd Workshop on IMT‐Advanced ‐ Dresden, 15 October 2009



ITU‐R Work – Web page for IMT‐Advanced

• The Radiocommunication Bureau has established an “IMT‐Advanced” web page (http://www.itu.int/ITU‐R/go/rsg5‐imt‐p g ( p // / /g / gadvanced/) to facilitate the development of proposals and the work of the evaluation groups.

• The IMT‐Advanced web page :– Provides details of the process for the submission of proposals

I l d th RIT d SRIT b i i– Include the RIT and SRIT submissions,

– Contains evaluation group contact information,

– Contains evaluation reports and other relevant information on the development of IMT‐Advanced.



ITU Work – Spectrum• WARC‐92 identified the bands for IMT‐2000 (and IMT Advanced too):

– 1 885‐2 025 MHz

– 2 110‐2 200 MHz– 2 110‐2 200 MHz

• WRC‐2000 identified the bands for IMT‐2000 (and IMT Advanced too):– 806‐960 MHz

– 1 710‐1 885 MHz

– 2 500‐2 690

• WRC‐07 Additional spectrum was allocated for IMT systems in various new bands:– 20 MHz in the band 450−470 MHz (globally)

– 72 MHz in the band 790−862 MHz for Region 1 (Europe) and 3 (Asia)

– 164 MHz in the band 698−862 MHz for Region 2 (Americas)

– 100 MHz in the band 2.3−2.4 GHz (globally)

200 MH i th b d 3 4 3 6 GH ( l b l ll ti b t t d b t i )– 200 MHz in the band 3.4−3.6 GHz (no global allocation, but accepted by many countries)

• Note: This spectrum will not be available immediately, but opened to the market following transition periods of several years.



LTE adoption

• Commercial networks:December 14 2009 the first commercial LTE deployment in– December 14, 2009, : the first commercial LTE deployment in Stockholm and Oslo by TeliaSonera.

• network infrastructure : Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm)

• introductory test : TCP goodput of 42.8 Mbit/s DL and 5.3 Mbit/s UL

• Carriers adoption– Most carriers supporting GSM or HSUPA networks can be expected to

upgrade their networks to LTE: AT&T Mobility, T‐Mobile, Vodafone, France Télécom, Telefónica, Telecom Italia MobileTélécom, Telefónica, Telecom Italia Mobile,

– Most operators of networks based upon CDMA system have also announced their intent to migrate to LTE : Verizon Wireless, China Telecom/China Unicom Japan's KDDI

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Telecom/China Unicom, Japan s KDDI



Conclusion

• 4G development process is ongoing

• LTE is an evolved 3G technology (IMT‐2000)

• LTE‐Advanced is Not Yet 4G but a 4GLTE Advanced is Not Yet 4G but a 4G technology candidate (IMT‐Advanced)



Thanks for your AttentionThanks for your Attention


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