energypedia.infophpmutmtc.docx · web view, whilst incorporating sufficient flexibility for the...

[Insert logo here] Renewable Energy Mapping: Wind [Insert logo here]

TERMS OF REFERENCERenewable Energy Resource Mapping: Wind

[insert country]Project ID:

Selection #:

1. PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION

1. These Terms of Reference (TOR) relate to a Request for Proposals (RFP) for wind mapping and measurement services as part of a project being implemented by [insert] (the recipient for this work) in [insert country]which aims to [insert project objectives]. The project is funded by [insert].

2. [Insert further details on initiative/program/funding organization if relevant]

of 23


Figure 1: Five phases of RE resource mapping (ESMAP, 2014).

COUNTRY CONTEXT – PNG

3. [Insert any relevant paragraphs describing the energy sector in the country and any other details]

PROJECT CONTEXT - PNG

4. [Insert any relevant paragraphs describing the context to the project: demand, users, funding, key stakeholders]

Table 1: Identified users of RE mapping outputs from this project

Audience User group User sub-groups Likely uses Priorities

of 23


Prim

ary

Government Central ministries (energy, planning)Delivery agencies (electrification, meteorology)Regulatory agenciesInstitutes and advisory bodies

Energy policy developmentPlanning guidanceInfrastructure planningTariff settingTendering

Internationally accepted standardsData usabilityLocal sourcingCapacity building

Seco

ndar

y

Commercial developers

DevelopersInvestors and lendersContractorsSpecialist consultancy firms

Location scoutingResource validationConstraint analysis

Data quality and bankabilityMethodological transparencyEasy of data access

Utility companies

Transmission operator(s)Supply companies

Load managementPortfolio planningGrid upgrade planning

Long time seriesEasy of data accessCapacity buildingScenario mapping

Civil society Academics and studentsResearch organizationsNGOsIndustry associations

Modeling improvementsMeteorologyScenario planningPromotional activities

Data quality and bankabilityMethodological transparencyEasy of data access

International organizations

IRENADevelopment agencies

Improvement of global datasetsCountry profilingIdentification of knowledge gaps

Internationally accepted standardsData usability

2. SCOPE OF WORK 5. These TOR accompany an RFP for wind resource data and mapping services (Phases 1-3) in [insert

country]. The objective of the assignment is to support the sustainable expansion of electricity generation from wind power by providing the Government of [insert country] and commercial developers with an improved understanding of the location and potential of wind resources at the country level through production of a high quality, validated wind atlas.

6. The assignment can be summarized as follows:

Phase 1 – Project inception, preliminary modeling and implementation planning: Project inception and stakeholder engagement; preparation of an initial wind resource estimate at the country level based on a mesoscale model using satellite and reanalysis data; preliminary validation using existing ground-based data; preparations for the implementation of Phase 2;

Phase 2 – Ground-based data collection: Implementation of a ground-based measurement campaign using high quality wind measurement devices, with real-time data transmission and reporting, for the purpose of validating and improving the mesoscale model and generating reliable benchmarking data;

of 23


Phase 3 – Production of validated wind resource atlas: Prepare validated wind resource maps and a Wind Atlas report that describes the final outputs, methodology and process, and includes provision of the final geographic information system (GIS) data.

7. The assignment covers full implementation of Phases 1-3, whilst incorporating sufficient flexibility for the detailed design and procurement of Phase 2 to be carried out in consultation with [insert agency] during implementation. As a result, a large component of the costs related to Phase 2 are excluded from the evaluation of Financial Proposals (thereafter referred to as ‘Excluded Costs’), with the Vendor responsible for identifying and procuring the Excluded Cost inputs and then managing the sub-contractor(s) that are selected during implementation of the assignment.

8. Phases 4-5 are outside the scope of these TOR [insert any relevant details on how this work will be organized].

PHASE 1: PROJECT INCEPTION, PRELIMINARY MODELING AND IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING

PROJECT INCEPTION

9. Soon after the Purchase Order is signed, the Vendor shall lead in the preparation of Inception Mission to [insert country] in coordination with the project team. The objective of this mission is to: engage with the Client and the project team to explain and refine the proposed methodology and timeline; identify specific users, stakeholders and data providers; begin the process of identifying sub-contractors for Phase 2; and further explore options for equipment ownership, including beyond the completion of this project. The Vendor shall prepare for this mission by completing a comprehensive assessment of any previous RE mapping work to be presented as a slide pack outlining the status of wind development in [insert country], the role that RE mapping can play, and a summary of the proposed work plan.

10. The Inception Mission will take place in [insert location] for meetings with Client representatives and commercial developers. A site visit to an existing wind or meteorological measurement station may be organized to allow the team to assess in-country capacity in this regard. The Vendor shall be represented by at least two members of the core team (including the project manager), in addition to representatives from their local partner(s). The Inception Mission and associated meetings will be hosted and/or organized by the [insert agency] and the Client in each country, although the Vendor will be responsible for their own in-country logistics (including getting to/from meetings and site visit locations).

PRELIMINARY WIND MODELING

11. The Vendor shall carry out an initial mesoscale modeling assessment of wind resources based on the best available satellite remote sensing and meteorological data and produce an interim Wind Mesoscale Modeling Report. Annex A provides further details on the requirements for mesoscale modeling and reporting.

12. The [insert agency] is not aware of sufficient high quality, ground-based wind data that could be used for model validation purposes, thereby eliminating the need for a Mesoscale Model Validation Report at this stage. If data is identified during the inception stage, then the [insert agency] will

of 23


discuss with the Vendor how this may be best used and any associated resourcing requirements.

SITE IDENTIFICATION

13. The Vendor shall prepare a Candidate Site Identification Report that is informed by the interim wind modeling outputs. This shall include recommendations for the number of wind measurement masts and a proposed longlist of possible site locations, ranked according to the methodology proposed by the Vendor. The Vendor’s recommendations shall take into account the needs for adequate model validation, availability of suitable locations and personnel to maintain the stations (including security considerations), and the likely available budget as communicated by the [insert agency]. The Candidate Site Identification Report shall be presented to the [insert agency] at least two weeks prior to the date of an in-country workshop to present the outputs from Phase 1 (see below).

14. The objective of ground-based data collection will be to provide high quality validation data and long-term wind reference data for the country wind atlas, rather than to obtain data for micro-level resource assessment for the purposes of wind farm development. The sites shall thus be selected so as to represent at the same time dispersed high-wind zones with potentially commercially exploitable wind resources, as well as representing different local climate and/or topographical conditions, where the mesoscale model may be exhibiting different performance.

15. The Vendor shall identify a longlist of possible site locations for consideration by the Client, reflecting the objectives outlined above and the Vendor’s analysis of potential site resource profiles and local conditions. The Vendor’s analysis must take account of relevant ‘safeguards’ policies1 and possible limitations on site selection, including:

Land access issues (most likely best addressed by restricting site consideration to publicly-owned land where possible)

Land surface, obstructions and other physical limitations Protected and environmentally sensitive areas (which as far as possible shall be addressed

through a preliminary screening process) Military and other exclusion zones Ease of access for commissioning and maintenance purposes (e.g. road networks) Shipping lanes, takeoff and landing corridors, and microwave transmission paths Security consideration (noting that not all sites will necessarily need to be visited by

international members of the Vendor’s team)

16. The Vendor is responsible for sourcing all necessary GIS data layers, but shall submit requests for any required data that they do not have available to [insert agency] prior to commissioning such data from third party sources. All GIS data costs shall be treated as reimbursable expenses.

PHASE 1 WORKSHOP

17. Once draft Phase 1 outputs have been submitted and approved by [insert agency], the Vendor shall organize and participate in visit to [insert country] to present the results to the Client and other stakeholders and deliver a series of tailored training modules. The Vendor shall propose a format for

1 For example, refer to the World Bank’s Safeguards policies at www.worldbank.org/safeguards

of 23

http://www.worldbank.org/safeguards


the workshop, including options and suggested topics for the training of in-country end users (refer to Project context - PNG). The Vendor shall be responsible for organizing the event, including provision of meeting room space, logistics, catering, and proposing an agenda to be agreed in consultation with the [insert agency] and the Client. The [insert agency] will be responsible for identifying and inviting the workshop attendees. The team composition shall include senior members of the Vendor’s team.

18. As part of the same visit, the Vendor shall allow time for detailed discussions on the arrangements for implementation of Phase 2. This is likely to include discussions between the Vendor and the Client to develop a shortlist of sites for further consideration, drawing on the ranked longlist proposed in the Candidate Site Identification Report. The discussions are also likely to cover equipment ownership arrangements, Client-provided coordination and facilitation, and agreement of the parameters for the scope of Phase 2 in terms of number of measurement sites and the length of the measurement period. The Vendor shall allow sufficient time for the Phase 1 workshop and these meetings, plus any other in-country work they envisage to prepare for Phase 2.

PHASE 2: GROUND-BASED DATA COLLECTION

PLANNING OF WIND MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN

19. During Phase 2 the Vendor shall be responsible for obtaining high quality wind data from a minimum of [insert number] sites over a 24-month period, in compliance with the minimum standards outlined in Annex C. If the budget permits, the [insert agency] may decide to increase the number of sites.

20. In recognition of the difficulty in obtaining accurate cost estimates for many of the costs associated with delivering the Phase 2 measurement campaign, certain Phase 2 implementation costs are excluded from the evaluation of Financial Proposals. These Excluded Costs are restricted to some of the works and services that will be sub-contracted during Phase 2 and which are deemed to be highly uncertain at this stage (e.g. import duties, permitting, insurance, site preparation, site security). Table 2 outlines the division of responsibility for Phase 2 cost components according to whether they are part of the Vendor’s core offer (Included Costs), or excluded and provided as an estimate (Excluded Costs)2. In doing this, a large element of risk is being removed from the Vendor, who will instead be responsible for procuring the Excluded Cost components from one or more local suppliers during Phase 2.

Table 2: Breakdown for Phase 2 cost components

Component Included Costs Excluded CostsNon-labor costs that are part of the Vendor’s core offer; assessed in the financial evaluation

Sub-contracted works and services that will be determined and agreed in Phase 2; not assessed in the

2 Both categories do not include the personnel costs that are required to commission and manage the delivery of the Phase 2 measurement campaign as specified, including supervision of sub-contractors and quality assurance. These costs are part of the Vendor’s core offer.

of 23


financial evaluationLattice tower, foundations, anchoring, grounding, security/warning features

Mast instrumentation, cables, logger, communications system3, power supply, other BoS components

Spare parts, wear parts and consumables inventory

Shipping costs DDU at entry port Custom clearance fees and importation duties

Permitting and permissions payments In-country storage and transportation Civil works and site preparation Insurance and third-party liability Uninsurable losses and contingencies Land acquisition cost, rental and other operation fees

Site operations, maintenance visits, and site security

Data transmission and communication fees (GSM/satellite usage fees)

21. The agreed shortlisted sites shall be visited by a small team, including relevant experts from the Vendor’s team and [insert agency] and Client representatives. Some or all of these visits may be possible to schedule around the time of the Phase 1 workshop. The objective of these visits will be to assess any localized site constraints and potential adverse impacts, and carry out appropriate consultation, before recommending a final set of measurement sites. The Vendor is responsible for any relevant training for local partners to allow the site visits to be conducted in the most efficient way possible.

22. Following the field visits the Vendor shall prepare and submit a Phase 2 Implementation Plan containing final site selection details (including the optimal location of the mast(s) at each site informed by microscale modeling), assessment of the risks and appropriate mitigation measures in relation to the relevant Safeguards policies and Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines4, proposed sub-contractors for provision of the Phase 2 inputs listed as Excluded Costs, procedure for obtaining permits and local permission, and proposed capacity building and training measures aimed at local partner(s) and sub-contractor(s). The Vendor’s recommendation on proposed sub-subcontracts shall be based on a competitive selection process where possible, taking into account their relative experience, ability to deliver, and value for money considerations.

3 Vendors should assume use of GSM networks in developing their proposals; additional equipment costs related to satellite communication will be treated as Excluded Costs.4 For example, please refer to the IFC website.

of 23

http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/Topics_Ext_Content/IFC_External_Corporate_Site/IFC+Sustainability/Sustainability+Framework/Environmental%2C+Health%2C+and+Safety+Guidelines/


23. With all the above information to hand, the [insert agency], Client and Vendor will agree on the most appropriate structuring, breadth, and scope of the Phase 2 wind measurement campaign, taking account of the available budget and the costs provided. Following a final decision by the [insert agency], the Vendor’s Purchase Order shall be modified to include the agreed components as an additional lump sum, taking account of any other agreed modifications to the Scope of Work. The objective of this exercise will be to come to mutual agreement on a realistic implementation plan for Phase 2 that provides good value for money and the best possible outputs for the budget available. It is possible that, depending on the timeline proposed by the Vendor, agreement on the final scope of work could take place prior to the end of Phase 1.

DELIVERY OF WIND MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN

24. Upon agreement of the revised Scope of Work and associated amendment of the Purchase Order, the Vendor shall be responsible for delivering the wind measurement campaign to the specified minimum standards.

25. The Vendor shall prepare Site Installation Reports immediately following commissioning of each site to provide a permanent record of the site characteristics, measurement equipment, and other variables as outlined in Annex C.

26. The Vendor shall also prepare Site Resource Reports at the end of 12 and 24 months of measurements, provided within six weeks of the end of this/each period. The purpose of the Site Resource Reports is to document site measurement operations for quality assessment purposes and to provide measured datasets which can be used to compare with the results of the mesoscale wind modeling. Each Site Resource Report shall include a complete microscale analysis using mainstream microscale modeling software, taking account of inter alia the local topography, the surface roughness rose, obstacles, etc. In complex terrain where the limits of safe use of microscale modeling tools are exceeded, a CFD model analysis shall be used. Minimum requirements for Site Resource Reports are outlined in Annex D.

27. The Vendor shall assume sole ownership of the equipment for the duration of the measurement campaign unless an alternative arrangement is agreed during implementation. Vendor ownership could include arrangements whereby the Vendor’s local partner or Phase 2 sub-contractor is the legal owner of the equipment, or some other service or leasing provision negotiated by the Vendor. Alternatives might include joint Vendor-Client ownership, or ownership transfer from the Vendor to the Client upon commissioning.

28. In order to provide a continuous reference data series to be used for recalibrating future local wind measurements to a long-term normal wind year, it is preferable in most circumstances for the measurement equipment to remain in place for longer than the limited period possible under this project. As a result, ownership of the equipment will be transferred to a legal entity identified by the Client and accepted by the [insert agency], by the time the contracted period ends. The Vendor shall work with the [insert agency] and the Client to identify an appropriate ‘business model’ that gives the greatest chance of long-term viability of continued ground-based measurements, and incorporate this into the Phase 2 Implementation Plan as appropriate.

29. The Vendor shall provide capacity building and training to enable their local partner(s), sub-

of 23


contractor(s), and Client representative(s) to carry out the Phase 2 measurement campaign to the requisite standards, including being able to take over operation and maintenance of the sites at the end of the contracted period.

PHASE 3: PRODUCTION OF VALIDATED WIND RESOURCE ATLAS

30. Upon delivery of the contracted ground-based wind data for all sites, the Vendor shall produce a final Mesoscale Wind Modeling Report. The Vendor shall update or adjust their mesoscale model at this stage to improve its accuracy in response to the ground-based data available, including any wind measurement data provided by the Client or not available during Phase 1. Following this, the Vendor shall produce a Mesoscale Model Validation Report.

31. The Vendor shall then carry out a high-resolution microscale modeling output for the country based on the generalized wind climate output from the mesoscale modeling and a high-resolution mainstream microscale model (with appropriate RIX correction) with the output supplied as a Microscale Wind Modeling Report, including GIS data layers and processed data.

32. The Vendor shall then produce a final Wind Atlas for delivery to the [insert agency] and the Client in the format of a stand-alone report, slide pack, relevant GIS layers, and processed data outputs. The Wind Atlas report shall provide a summary of the methodology and process, references to the previous report and data outputs, and high quality representations of the final mapping outputs, including validated mesoscale and microscale maps as relevant.

33. A second workshop shall be organized by the Vendor at the end of Phase 3 to present the outputs to the Client and in-country stakeholders. Following the same specifications as the Phase 1 workshop, the Vendor shall lead in organizing the workshop and shall participate alongside any local partners involved in carrying out the work.

3. DELIVERABLES / SPECIFIC OUTPUTS EXPECTED FROM VENDOR34. All deliverables shall be written in [insert language(s)] and presented to the [insert agency] and the

Client in electronic format suitable for online publication unless otherwise specified. Should the [insert agency] decide to print any of the outputs then this will be commissioned outside of this Purchase Order.

PHASE 1 DELIVERABLES

35. During Phase 1 the Vendor shall carry out and deliver the following:

i) Scoping and project preparation, including participation in the Inception Meeting;ii) Mesoscale modeling, including delivery of an interim Mesoscale Wind Modeling Report;iii) Preparation and transfer of the interim wind resource database as specified in Annex A, and

relevant GIS layers on a suitable storage medium5;iv) Site identification analysis, including delivery of the Site Identification Report;

5 The database shall be compatible with the IRENA Global Atlas data catalogue and the GIS layers shall be compatible with OGC standard web mapping services (see Annex E for more details).

of 23


v) Preparation and delivery of the Phase 1 Workshop, including the training program.



i) Advice on site selection, including visits to shortlisted sites;ii) Preparation and delivery of the Phase 2 Implementation Plan, including recommendations on

proposed sub-contractors and associated costs;iii) Preparation, implementation and supervision of the Phase 2 wine measurement campaign,

including capacity building and regular delivery of specified datasets;iv) Preparation and delivery of Site Installation Reports for each site;

v) Preparation and delivery of Site Resource Reports after 12 and 24 months of data.



i) Mesoscale wind modeling (incorporating revisions to the original model), including delivery of a final Mesoscale Wind Modeling Report;

ii) Mesoscale model validation, including delivery of a Mesoscale Model Validation Report;iii) Microscale wind modeling, including delivery of a Microscale Wind Modeling Report;iv) Preparation and transfer of the final wind resource database as specified in Annex A, and

relevant GIS layers on a suitable storage medium;v) Preparation and delivery of the final Wind Atlas and associated outputs;vi) Preparation and delivery of the Phase 3 Workshop, including the training program.

TIMELINE

38. Anticipated milestones are as follows:

MILESTONE DATE

1. RFP issued [insert date]2. RFP deadline [+ 1 month]3. Purchase Order awarded [+ 2 months]4. Inception mission [+ 3 months]5. Delivery of preliminary mapping outputs [+ 8 months]6. Phase 1 workshop [+ 9 months]7. Revised Scope of Work agreed [+ 10 months]8. Phase 2 begins [+ 10-12 months]9. Phase 3 begins [+ 34-38 months]10. Delivery of final outputs [+ 38-40 months]

of 23


4. SPECIFIC INPUTS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE WORLD BANK Requested geospatial (GIS) data, if freely available. The [insert agency] and the Client will facilitate links to local agencies or other organizations for

obtaining historical wind data and documentation for any previous ground-based measurements, to be provided at no cost where possible.

Central data repository and geoserver for the long-term storage and access of all data and GIS layers generated under this project.

Advice on the country security situation, including any relevant briefings, advice or limitations. Guidance on the accepted political boundaries between countries.

5. SPECIAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS / SPECIFIC CRITERIA[This section (Section 5) will be excluded from the TOR issued with the Purchase Order to the winning Vendor – all other sections will become part of the contract]

39. The evaluation of proposals will be conducted according to a 70:30 split between the Technical and Financial Proposals.

40. Technical Proposals will be evaluated against three criteria, as follows:

i) The methodology, assessed according to methodological rigor of the proposed modeling approach6, proposed plan for setting up and delivering the Phase 2 measurement campaign, the comprehensiveness of the approach with regard to site selection, and the value added in terms of innovative approaches, proposed output resolution and/or improvements to the TOR. [40%]

ii) The Vendor’s proposed team, assessed according to their combined and individual experience, the strength of their identified local partner(s), and appropriate balance between roles and use of senior/junior and international/local staff. [40%]

iii) The comprehensiveness of the capacity building plan and training activities, proposed plan for engagement with Client and external stakeholders, and the flexibility of the Vendor in being willing and able to respond to changes during implementation. [20%]

41. The [insert agency] attaches particularly high importance to the identification of suitable local partner(s) for this project as part of the Vendor’s core team, and will evaluate Technical Proposals accordingly. The local partner(s) will be important in: supporting the international firm(s) in identifying in-country stakeholders; scoping out, specifying and procuring the Phase 2 Excluded Cost inputs through local sub-contractor(s); carrying out site visits; providing quality assurance, training and supervision; and supporting the team with in-country logistics. Vendors are encouraged to consider the following criteria in assessing potential candidate firms for this role:

Breadth and depth of energy sector experience, including previous engagement with government and donor-funded projects;

6 The Vendor is requested to specify the proposed resolution (≤ 5km for mesoscale modelling, <200m for microscale modeling), data sources, data ranges, accuracy/confidence level, and geographical constraints.

of 23


Extent of the firm’s connections and networks within the energy sector, including their understanding of government processes and knowledge of potential sub-contractors for Phase 2;

Their physical reach in terms of logistical capacity, field offices, and on-the-ground knowledge of all relevant parts of the country;

Their track record in carrying out quality assurance, capacity building, training, and other key components of project implementation.

42. The Vendor shall provide a Financial Proposal that includes:

A fixed cost offer for the work specified, broken down into each of the three Phases as specified in the Scope of Work, and by the key deliverables in each Phase;

A fixed cost offer for the optional components specified in these TOR (including each additional data collection site over and above the number of sites specified) and/or any extensions proposed by the Vendor as possible additions to the Scope of Work;

A breakdown of the Included Costs (non-labor) associated with the implementation of the Phase 2 wind measurement campaign;

A breakdown of the estimated Excluded Costs associated with the implementation of the Phase 2 wind measurement campaign (to be excluded from the fixed cost offer for Phase 2);

A breakdown of personnel costs by team member; A breakdown of estimated reimbursable expenses (to be included in the headline offer); A proposed payment schedule against major milestones/deliverables, following an initial

payment of 5% of the total Purchase Order upon signing.

43. The Vendor is required to use the special template provided for their Financial Proposal ([insert file title]). The Vendor shall provide their offer in [insert currency preference or restrictions].

44. If the Vendor feels that the timeline proposed is unrealistic, or that meeting it will substantially increase costs, then they should propose an alternative timeline in their Technical Proposal and/or note any constraints on their side.

45. All travel charged by the Vendor shall be for economy class flights via the most direct route. All travel and subsistence shall be treated as a reimbursable expense but the Vendor shall provide estimated costs in their Financial Proposal and include this in their fixed price offer.

46. The Vendor must be willing to allow international members of their team to travel to [insert country] and play a full role in delivery of the project, and may assume that all such visits may be undertaken with at least one [insert agency] representative present. Vendors are encouraged to structure their team and Technical Proposal to transfer as much responsibility as possible for in-country site visits, training, and supervision to their identified local partner(s), with the expectation that international members of their team will therefore be able keep their time in-country to a minimum.

of 23


ANNEX A: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR WIND RESOURCE MODELING AND REPORTING

IRENA is working to develop a web user interface, ideally within the existing Global Atlas, with functionality similar to that of the Canadian Wind Energy Atlas7, and including displayable and downloadable wind roses, wind speed histograms, directional Weibull distributions, and exportable data in .LIB and XML formats (compatible with WAsP and other microscale software). The interface will ideally have the ability to display maps of mean wind speeds, mean wind energy, roughness length, elevation, land/water mask, a more general data quality index for the cell (to be proposed by Vendors), with map overlays of main wind direction, power lines (when permissible by data providers), lakes and rivers, roads, and cities. Administrative boundaries, protected areas etc., may optionally be available depending on the availability of GIS datasets for the country.

The Vendor shall provide a generalized mesoscale wind climate dataset (.lib-files), where 12-directional wind, speeds, frequencies and Weibull (A, k) parameters are recalculated to a uniform, flat land surface with surface roughness lengths of 0.0001m, 0.03m, 0.1m, 0.4m and 1.5m for height above ground level of 10m, 50m, 80m, 100m and 200m. This type of mapping, which eliminates orography and surface roughness effects, allows users to search for areas with exceptional wind speeds, and use microscale modeling techniques to compensate for local terrain features and surface roughness. The method used must be the same as that applied in the European Wind Atlas (1989). Any proposed deviations from these default values should be explained in the Vendor's Technical Proposal, and a surface roughness length of 0.03m and the local validation mast top measurement height shall be included in all proposals.

In order for mesoscale modeling outputs to be compatible with mainstream microscale wind models such as WAsP, the Vendor shall estimate Weibull frequency distribution parameters using the technique found in the European Wind Atlas, i.e. Weibull distributions must be energy-conserving. (European Wind Atlas. Eds. Ib Troen and Erik Lundtang Petersen. Publ. for Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Science, Research and development. Roskilde 1989.)

The choice of a ‘generic wind turbine’ selected for calculations shall be a mainstream, IEC-certified fairly universal turbine model, shall be approved by the [insert agency] and shall be suitable for the local climate conditions. Air density correction shall be done using the actual power curves for the wind turbine for different air densities rather than simply using a correction proportional to air density. The Vendor shall specify in the final report in detail which assumptions and methods (turbine power curves, air temperatures and densities etc.) are used in these calculations, and shall alert users to probable systematic biases in the calculations.

The Vendor shall as a minimum supply the following information for each dataset:

Name Abstract (brief description) Version Date of last revision Period for which simulated data is available Time zone for hourly data (UTC preferred) Spatial resolution of mesoscale modeling in degrees latitude/longitude

7 http://windatlas.ca

of 23

http://windatlas.ca/


Spatial resolution of microscale modeling Generic turbine specification Point of contact information for data author:

o Nameo Roleo E-mail

For geographic data:o Spatial referenceo Geographic bounding boxo Spatial resolution (where applicable)

The Vendor shall as a minimum supply the following GIS statistics for each mesoscale model cell:

.lib file data:o Geographic location (decimal latitude, longitude)o Matrix dimensions (roughnesses, heights, sectors) = 5 5 12o Reference roughness length vector in mo Reference heights vector in mo Sectorial wind frequencies and Weibull (A, k) parameters

Additional data required:o Roughness length used for modeling in mo Elevation used for modeling in mo Land/water mask for cello Mean annual air density for cell o Quality/uncertainty index for mesoscale modeling (methodology to be proposed by the

Vendors and discussed between them and ESMAP in time for the first planned data deliveries)

o Inter-annual standard deviation of mean wind speed and mean wind power based on at least 10 years of simulations24 x 12 matrix of hourly/monthly energy output expressed as % of annual output @ 100m a.g.l. for standard generic pitch controlled wind turbine with 100m rotor and 3MW rated power (methodology to be proposed by the Vendors and discussed between them and ESMAP in time for the planned data deliveries. The proposed turbine should coincide with a turbine proposed for the microscale data, probably the low-load per m2 rotor area turbine)

o The bidder may optionally offer a 8760h time series in addition to the matrixo The vendor shall supply the simulated database on a suitable storage medium plus the

associated metadata. The metadata should be included in the reports on the mesoscale modeling.

The Vendor shall as a minimum supply the following GIS statistics for each microscale model cell:

Geographic location (decimal latitude, longitude) Air density kg/m3

of 23


Elevation Surface roughness RIX index (Bowen and Mortensen, 1996), defined as the percentage fraction of the terrain

within a certain distance from a specific site, which is steeper than some critical slope, say 0.3 (Wood, 1995). This index was proposed as a coarse measure of the extent of flow separation and thereby the extent to which the terrain violates the requirements of linearized flow models. RIX is worked out as an average for all sectors.

Quality/uncertainty index for microscale modeling (methodology to be proposed by the Vendors and discussed between them and ESMAP in time for the first planned data deliveries)

12 sectorial Weibull distributions (A, k) @ 100m a.g.l. 12 sectorial wind frequencies @100m (gross annual capacity factor will be computed by ESMAP

user interface from the above data)

of 23


ANNEX B: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR MESOSCALE MODEL VALIDATION REPORTS

As a minimum, Mesoscale Model Validation Reports shall contain the following:

Geographical names of all the meteorology stations used for this report with footnotes indicating the source institution for the data;

Exact geographic coordinates for the mast location; Exact geographic coordinates for the corresponding grid center points The sample period used and recovery rate of data (please comment on seasonal bias in sample,

if any); The heights above ground level at which measurements were taken; Surface roughness estimate from actual wind mast (roughness rose), if available. At least

effective roughness for each sector is required, since the wind profile is determined by upwind roughness and roughness change;

Model-based surface roughness for cell; Measurement-based mean annual wind speed8; Model-based mean annual wind speed; Percentage error (with sign) for mean annual wind speed; Measurement-based Weibull parameters, plus the corresponding wind rose; Model-based Weibull parameters, plus the corresponding wind rose; Measurement-based diurnal and seasonal wind pattern; Model-based diurnal and seasonal wind pattern; A detailed description of the validation methodology.

A table shall be included with the Vendor’s interpretation of the data for the entire sample, to include: mean wind speed bias in %; mean absolute error in %; RMS (root mean squared) error in %.

The Vendor shall analyze and explain deviations between model results and measurements, and in particular indicate areas or aspects, which require special attention (systematic biases).

8 Provide measurements (or extrapolations) from each height for wind measurements

of 23


ANNEX C: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR WIND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

The Vendor may propose an alternative set of standards and/or methodology in place of these requirements, but they shall provide an equivalent or better performance and bankability. Should site conditions warrant this, the Vendor may propose additional instrumentation, e.g. for the measurement of vertical wind speed etc. In the case of any alternative solution, the Vendor shall provide a detailed justification.

The Vendor shall ensure compliance with the following standards:

International Energy Agency. Recommended practices for wind turbine testing and evaluation. 11. Wind speed measurement and use of cup anemometry. Ed. 1, 1999.

Measnet. Evaluation of site-specific wind conditions. Version 1, 2009. Measnet. Power performance measurement procedure. Version 5. International Standard. IEC 61400-12-1. Latest edition. Wind turbines-Part 12.1: Power

performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines. The World Bank’s Safeguards policies, and Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines, plus any

environmental or social mitigation measures required by local regulations.

Specified requirements are as follows:

The measurement equipment shall include a meteorological guyed lattice mast that is climbable, with a height of 80m.

The equipment shall include an anti-fall system and must meet national and local standards for health and safety.

The equipment shall be adequately corrosion protected to operate safely in the environment in which it is installed. Each mast shall have a technical lifetime of 25 years.

Mast painting and lighting must comply with ICAO regulation Annex 14. The Vendor is responsible for obtaining the necessary permits from aviation authorities.

The masts shall be adequately protected against lightning. At a minimum, we recommend a lightning protection system with a 2m length rod extending above the main body of the mast, one bare copper cable of 70mm2 running outside a mast leg and an adequate earthing system shall be provided for the mast and its guy wire anchoring. If the area in which the mast will be installed has a very high lightning frequency, it shall be specifically taken into account in the proposed mast design e.g. using a lightning-protected top horizontal boom above any instrumentation instead of the layout stated in point h) below. Should the Vendor wish to deviate from these recommendations, they are required to provide a detailed justification for considering the proposed change.

Anemometers shall measure at 20m, 40m, 60m [and 80m] above ground level (a.g.l). Minor, documented height tolerances are allowed to allow proper equipment installation.

The mast shall have two top anemometers measuring at the same level. The top-most anemometers shall be unobstructed by booms or other instruments and therefore

shall be mounted in a ‘goalpost’ arrangement on booms with rods extending above the main body of the measurement mast in accordance with the IEC 61400-12-1 standard.

of 23


Instrumentation must be first class (e.g. RISO or THIES First Class Advanced or THIES First Class) calibrated anemometers. All anemometers must be supplied with an individual calibration certificate. Calibration must have been performed by an accredited MEASNET laboratory and following the MEASNET procedure.

Each mast shall have two calibrated first class wind vanes type THIES First Class, RISO Aa3590, Vector W200P or equivalent, one located near the top anemometer level and one near the next lower measurement level.

The tower and instrument assembly shall comply with the IEC 61400-12-1 standard. Booms and instrument spacing and mounting shall be in accordance with or larger than required by the IEC 61400-12-1 standard.

Temperature, barometric pressure and humidity shall be measured using calibrated instruments located at 3-5m a.g.l. Temperature shall also be measured close to the top of the mast.

The masts shall be powered adequately for proper year-round operation. Our recommendation is for the masts to be powered by solar panels and have batteries adequate for proper year-round operation of the mast instrumentation and its aviation lights during the measurement campaign. There shall be adequate local data storage capacity for at least one month. It should be noted that high elevation sites may be subject to cloud cover and snow and ice in winter. Should the Vendor wish to deviate from these recommendations then they are required to provide a detailed justification for considering the proposed change.

Data shall be collected at minimum 1 Hz frequency, averaged over 10-minute time intervals and shall include for each anemometer at least 10-minute mean wind speed, standard deviation, gust, lull.

Data recovery rate from each of the sensors at each site shall be >95% over the course of the measurement campaign. If this rate is not achieved then measurements at the affected site(s) will be extended until this threshold is reached. Additionally, any single incident of data loss shall not exceed 10 days. Unless the loss of data can be attributed to a force majeure event, the Vendor will be required to collect an additional month of data for every data loss event in excess of 10 days.

The Vendor shall maintain the mast and its equipment throughout the measurement campaign, and inspect the mast at least every three months to verify and adjust guy wire tensioning as necessary as well as the correct mounting and functioning of the instrumentation, notably in relation to the required data recovery rate and continuous compliance with the IEC 61400-12-1 standard. Timer settings shall always be set to UTC time, and shall be verified during inspections.

Data download from the masts shall be done at least twice weekly and checked to ensure against data loss, corrupted data, calibration drift, and instrument failure.

Data shall be transmitted electronically through a GSM connection (or satellite connection if GSM coverage is inadequate, with any additional costs treated as Excluded Costs) from each sensor. The Vendor shall utilize data logging equipment that has two way-communications capabilities. There shall be a manual backup data collection procedure for each mast, which can be activated within 24 hours in order to minimize data loss.

All collected data and cleaned data shall be uploaded to a data repository provided by the [insert agency]. Data transmission (from each measurement site, and to the data repository) is the responsibility of the Vendor.

of 23


During the measurement campaign a historical log report shall be maintained documenting all maintenance undertaken, date and reason for replacement of instruments, etc. The log report shall be available online through the web site mentioned above.

The Vendor shall notify the [insert agency] by email before and after all maintenance visits and forward the updated historical log report within seven days of the visit and upload it to the web site.

The safe installation and operation of any wind measurement equipment, including site maintenance and security, will be the responsibility of the Vendor or their nominated sub-contractor for the duration of the project. With regard to site security, the Vendor is required to ensure the following:

Any security arrangements put in place by the Vendor shall be proportional and appropriate. The Vendor shall be guided by good international practice and applicable law in relation to the

hiring of security personnel (e.g. due diligence on the past conduct of the security personnel), rules of conduct, training, and equipment provision.

Appropriate oversight and control measures of security personnel shall be in place. Information will be made available at each site on appropriate contact persons in case of

queries or concerns. [insert agency] funds cannot be used for the procurement of arms and ammunition, nor for the

training of security workers in the use of arms. A Site Installation Report shall be prepared for each site upon commissioning, which shall

include, but not be limited to: Exact location and elevation details in longitude-latitude and UTM, including coordinate system

and Datum info. There shall be GPS loggings at each anchor point or four points taken 25 m N, E, S and W of mast. All references shall be according to geographical North instead of Magnetic North.

Configuration drawing of the mast including mounting height of each instrument above ground, length of booms, clearances etc.

Layout of the mast showing alignment of each boom, the North arrow and expected main wind direction

List of instruments including brand, model and serial numbers Pictures of mounting details of each instrument Picture of data logger and logger cabinet At least two pictures of the mast during uplift Directional pictures of the area looking out from the mast position in 30° angles, starting from

straight North (0°) and moving clockwise, to be taken after mast erection Picture of the fully erected mast including exact coordinates from where picture is taken Picture from the mast from the bottom looking upward with North at the top Calibration and recalibration certificates for each instrument All data logger settings Elevation overview map 20x20 km for site using SRTM 3-arc-second data with 20m and 10m

height contours Elevation detailed site map 4 x 4 km, with 5m contours Ruggedness index (RIX) for the site

of 23


Land cover map 20 x 20 km with surface roughness zones based remote sensed data (e.g. Google Earth, Landsat, etc.) and photos

The Site Installation Report will be made publicly available by the [insert agency] and linked to the data repository mentioned above.

The Vendor shall propose a suitable inventory of spare parts, which shall be available for instrument replacement at short notice.

The Vendor shall quote a separate price for replacement and MEASNET recalibration of one or more anemometers per mast.

of 23


ANNEX D: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SITE RESOURCE REPORTS

Vendors shall carry out the following for the preparation of Site Resource Reports:

Review and quality checking of measured wind data from the site and appropriate nearby long-term reference masts and/or weather model reanalysis data.

Review of calibration of anemometry (pre and post calibration for the 12/24-month study). Correlation with long-term reference data. Prediction of the long-term mean directional wind speed and frequency distribution for each

mast, energy-conserving directional Weibull wind speed distributions, turbulence and wind rose (for use in mainstream microscale modeling software).

Wind shear analysis at each mast taking into account atmospheric stability. Seasonal and diurnal variations in wind characteristics. Prediction of the site air density. Estimate of the uncertainty in the prediction of the long-term wind speed at each mast provided

as a value of mean wind speed standard deviation. Estimates of extreme winds and turbulence according to IEC 61400-1. Estimates of the equivalent mean and directional Weibull wind speed distributions for the

relevant heights above ground level corresponding to the local as well as the standardized output assumptions of the mesoscale model (flat terrain, roughness length 0.03m)

Provide a suitable example layout with a nominal turbine type suitable for the site environment, preferably a mainstream IEC-61400 fully certified turbine to be agreed with the [insert agency].

Estimate of the sensitivity of net annual energy production based on the mean wind speed standard deviation, energy losses and the nominal turbine type.

Estimate of the net hourly and 10-minute energy production for the example wind farm layout with the nominal turbine type for the period of wind measurements. The data shall be provided in Excel worksheets including the simultaneous national load data from the associated nearby integrated grid.

of 23


ANNEX E: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA, MAPS AND IMAGES

NON-GEOGRAPHIC DATA

All non-geographic data shall be made available in the following data formats for upload to a data repository, most likely via an Application Programming Interface (API) provided by the [insert agency]:

.csv (csv output from an excel file or see rfc 4180 for standard format) .xls (Excel 97 and later) .xlsx (2007 and later) .tsv

GEOGRAPHIC DATA

All geographic data shall be delivered as shapefiles, file geodatabases, or other accepted OGC standard geographic formats. See http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards for a list of accepted formats. Preferred formats are shapefiles for vector data, and GeoTiff for raster data. See table below for some further details:

Dataset Format Spatial Reference

Vector Shapefile Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984

Datum: D_WGS_1984

Prime Meridian: Greenwich

Angular Unit: Degree

Raster Tiff, Grids, or Imagine Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984

Datum: D_WGS_1984

Prime Meridian: Greenwich

Angular Unit: Degree

Tabular .csv, .dbf or .xls XY coordinates must be in Decimal Degrees

All files pertaining to the map creation, such as .mxd or .ai files shall be included in the delivery of the GIS data.

In addition to the format requirements, all geographic data provided must be accompanied by detailed metadata as outlined in Annex A. The metadata standards are based on ISO 19115:2003 (Geographic Metadata Standards).

IMAGES

Mapping and other images shall be supplied with a 300 dpi density and lossless compression (PNG), suitable for professional printing. Mapping images will be reviewed by [insert agency] before going to

of 23

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180


publication to ensure cartographic quality and content. Images may be used by the [insert agency] for communications purposes.

All photos shall be delivered in their original high-resolution format (raw or .jpg), preferably exif-tagged with GPS and timestamp.

of 23

energypedia.infophpmutmtc.docx · web view, whilst incorporating sufficient flexibility for the...

Documents