doc.: ieee 802.22-06/0069r0 submission etri, ft, huawei, ga tech, i2r, motorola, nextwave, philips,...
TRANSCRIPT
May 2006
Slide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Draft PHY/MAC Specification for IEEE 802.22IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs Date: 2006-05-15
Authors:
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22.Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Carl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at [email protected].>
Name Company Address Phone email
John Benko France Telecom (FT) USA [email protected]
Soo-Young Chang Huawei USA +1-916-278-6568 [email protected]
Yoon Chae Cheong SAIT Korea +82-31-280-9501 [email protected]
Carlos Cordeiro Philips USA +1 914 945-6091 [email protected]
Wen Gao Thomson Inc. USA +1-609-987-7308 [email protected]
Wendong Hu STMicroelectronics USA +1-408-467-8410 [email protected]
Ramon Khalona NextWave USA +1-760-710-2063 [email protected]
Chang-Joo Kim ETRI Korea +82-42-860-1230 [email protected]
Hak-Sun Kim Samsung Electro-Mechanics Korea +82-31-210-3500 [email protected]
Stephen Kuffner Motorola USA +1-847-538-4158 [email protected]
Joy Laskar Georgia Institute of Technology USA +1-404-894-5268 [email protected]
Ying-Chang Liang Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) Singapore +65-68748225 [email protected]
Eli Sofer Runcom Israel +972-544-997996 [email protected]
May 2006
Slide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Co-Author(s):
Name Company Address Phone email
Paul Piggin Cygnus
Myung-Sun Song ETRI Korea +82-42-860-5046 [email protected]
Soon-Ik Jeon ETRI Korea +82-42-860-5947 [email protected]
Gwang-Zeen Ko ETRI Korea +82-42-860-4862 [email protected]
Sung-Hyun Hwang ETRI Korea +82-42-860-1133 [email protected]
Bub-Joo Kang ETRI Korea +82-42-860-5446 [email protected]
Chung Gu Kang ETRI Korea +82-2-3290-3236 [email protected]
KyungHi Chang ETRI Korea +82-32-860-8422 [email protected]
Yun Hee Kim ETRI Korea +82-31-201-3793 [email protected]
Moon Ho Lee ETRI Korea +82-63-270-2463 [email protected]
HyungRae Park ETRI Korea +82-2-300-0143 [email protected]
Martial Bellec France Telecom France +33 2 99 12 48 06 [email protected]
Denis Callonnec France Telecom France +33-4-76-764412 [email protected]
Luis Escobar France Telecom France +33-2-45-294622 [email protected]
Francois Marx France Telecom France +33-4-76-764109 [email protected]
Patrick Pirat France Telecom France +33-2-99-124806 [email protected]
Kyutae LimGeorgia Institute of
TechnologyUSA +1-404-385-6008 [email protected]
Youngsik HurGeorgia Institute of
TechnologyUSA +1-404-385-6008 yshur @ece.gatech.edu
May 2006
Slide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Co-Author(s):
Name Company Address Phone email
Jianwei Zhang Huawei China 86-21-6864480824638 [email protected]
Linjun Lv Huawei China 86-755-28973119 [email protected]
Lai Qian Huawei China 86-755-28973118 [email protected]
Jianhuan Wen Huawei China 86-755-28973121 [email protected]
Vincent K. N. Lau HKUSTHong Kong
852-2358-7066 [email protected]
Roger S. Cheng HKUSTHong Kong
852-2358-7072 [email protected]
Ross D. Murch HKUSTHong Kong
852-2358-7044 [email protected]
Wai Ho Mow HKUSTHong Kong
852-2358-7070 [email protected]
Khaled Ben Letaief
HKUSTHong Kong
852-2358-7064 [email protected]
Edward K. S. Au HKUSTHong Kong
852-2358-7086 [email protected]
Peter W. C. Chan HKUSTHong Kong
852-2358-7086 [email protected]
Chee Wei Ang I2R Singapore +65-68748225 [email protected]
Anh Tuan Hoang I2R Singapore +65-68748225 [email protected]
Peng-Yong Kong I2R Singapore +65-68748225 [email protected]
Yonghong Zeng I2R Singapore +65-68748225 [email protected]
Changlong Xu I2R Singapore +65-68748225 [email protected]
Ashok Kumar Marath I2R Singapore +65-68748225 [email protected]
Francois Chin I2R Singapore +65-68748225 [email protected]
Zander Zhongding Lei I2R Singapore +65-68748225 [email protected]
Wing Seng Leon I2R Singapore 65-6874-7581 [email protected]
May 2006
Slide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Co-Author(s):
Name Company Address Phone email
Yufei Blankenship Motorola USA [email protected]
Brian Classon Motorola USA [email protected]
Fred Vook Motorola USA [email protected]
Jeff Zhuang Motorola USA [email protected]
Kevin Baum Motorola USA [email protected]
Tim Thomas Motorola USA [email protected]
David Grandblaise Motorola France +33 1 69 35 25 82 [email protected]
Dagnachew Birru Philips USA +1-914-945-6401 [email protected]
Kiran Challapali Philips USA +1-914 945-6356 [email protected]
Vasanth Gaddam Philips USA +1-914-945-6424 [email protected]
Monisha Ghosh Philips USA +1-914-945-6415 [email protected]
Zion Hadad Runcom Israel +972544 560 655 [email protected]
Duckdong Hwang SAIT Korea +82-31-280-9513 [email protected]
Chung Jaehak SAIT Korea +82-32-860-8421 [email protected]
Kim Jaemyeong SAIT Korea +82-32-860-8420 [email protected]
Ashish Pandharipande SAIT Korea +82-010-6335-7784 [email protected]
Yoo Sangjo SAIT Korea +82-32-860-8304 [email protected]
Kihong KimSamsung Electro-
MechanicsKorea [email protected]
May 2006
Slide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Co-Author(s):
Name Company Address Phone email
Seongsoo Lee Samsung Electro-Mechanics Korea [email protected]
Jeong Suk Lee Samsung Electro-Mechanics Korea +82-31-210-3217 [email protected]
Chang Ho Lee Samsung Electro-Mechanics Korea +82-31-210-3217 [email protected]
Wangmyong Woo Samsung Electro-Mechanics Korea +82-31-210-3217 [email protected]
David Mazzarese Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Korea +82 10 3279 5210 [email protected]
Baowei Ji Samsung Telecom America USA +1-972-761-7167 [email protected]
Changhoi KooSamsung Telecom
AmericaUSA +1-972-761-7934 [email protected]
Yinong DingSamsung Telecom
AmericaUSA +1-972-761-7975 [email protected]
Liwen Chu STMicroelectronics USA 408-467-8436 [email protected]
Kyeongsoo Kim STMicroelectronics USA 408-451-8137 [email protected]
George Vlantis STMicroelectronics USA 408-451-8109 [email protected]
Max Muterspaugh Thomson Inc. USA +1-317-587-3711 [email protected]
Hang Liu Thomson Inc. USA +1-609-987-7335 [email protected]
Paul Knutson Thomson Inc. USA +1-609-987-7314 [email protected]
Josh Koslov Thomson Inc. USA +1-609-987-7337 [email protected]
May 2006
Slide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Protection of Incumbents
• First and foremost requirement is protection of incumbent services– Broadcast TV– Part 74 Subpart H Low Power Auxiliary Stations (i.e., wireless
microphones)
• Database and location techniques are not part of this interoperability standard
• Mechanisms for incumbent awareness and avoidance are built into the MAC and PHY– Distributed spectrum sensing– Quiet period and fast/fine sensing management– Measurements and clustering– Detection algorithms– Spectrum management
May 2006
Slide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Protection of Incumbents
• Protection of incumbents is the overarching requirement and so deserves priority in the presentation
• However, since this protection is so inextricably woven into the system, the PHY and MAC have to be introduced as a setting for these mechanisms
• Therefore, discussion of this topic will be distributed throughout the presentation
May 2006
Slide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Presentation Outline
• System Overview
• PHY Overview
• MAC Overview
May 2006
Slide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Presentation Outline
• System Overview
• PHY Overview
• MAC Overview
May 2006
Slide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Public IP Network
Service Provider IP Network
HAAAA
SD
ACR ACR
WRANBS
CPE
집
집 집
집
WRAN Hierarchy
• AAA : Authentication, Authorization and Account Server • ACR : Access Control Router HA : Home Agent
May 2006
Slide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
집
집
집
집집
집
집
집
집
집 집
집
집
WRANRepeater
TV TransmitterWRAN
Base Station
WirelessMIC
집
WirelessMIC
집
WRANBase Station
집
집
: CPE집
집
집
집
집
집
: WRAN Base Station
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
집
Typical ~33kmMax. 100km
집 집
집집 집
집
집
집
Deployment Scenario
May 2006
Slide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
System Overview
• OFDMA both in uplink and downlink• 2K FFT mandatory• TDD mandatory, FDD optional• 10 msec frame duration • 16-frame superframe• QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM, transformed-QPSK • Rate 1/2 through rate 5/6 coding• 30 - 32 sub-channels per TV channel• Data rate range from 4.8Mbps to 72.6Mbps (with
optional channel bonding and channel aggregation)
May 2006
Slide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Parameters Specification Remark
Frequency range 54~862 MHz
Service coverage Typical range 33 km
Bandwidth • Mandatory: 6, 7, 8 MHz
Optional fractional use of TV channel and channel bonding up to 3 contiguous TV channels. Channel aggregation of discontiguous channels.
Data rate• Maximum: 72.6 Mbps• Minimum: 4.8 Mbps
Maximum of 23 Mbps for 6 MHz
Spectral Efficiency
• Maximum: 4.03 bits/s/Hz• Minimum: 0.81 bits/s/Hz
Single TV channel BW of 6 MHz
Modulation QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM mandatory
Transmit power Default 4W EIRP
Multiple Access Adaptive OFDMA Partial bandwidth allocation
FFT Mode 2K mandatory 1K / 4K optional, 2K / 4K / 6K for channel bonding
Cyclic Prefix Mode 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32
Duplex TDD mandatory FDD supported
Network topology Point-to-Multipoint Network
System Parameters
May 2006
Slide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Presentation Outline
• System Overview
• PHY Overview
• MAC Overview
May 2006
Slide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
FFT Mode for WRAN Systems
No. of Bonded Channels Basic FFT mode
1 2 3
1K 1K 2K NA
2K 2K 4K 6K
4K 4K NA NA
May 2006
Slide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Subcarrier Spacing and Symbol Duration (2K)
GI = TFFT/32 GI = TFFT/16 GI = TFFT/8 GI = TFFT/4
TSYM
= TFFT + TGI
(s)
6MHz 308.000 317.333 336.000 373.333
7MHz 264.000 272.000 288.000 320.000
8MHz 231.000 238.000 252.000 280.000
6 MHz based channels
(6, 12 and 18 MHz)
7 MHz based channels
(7, 14 and 21 MHz)
8 MHz based channels
(8, 16 and 24 MHz)
Inter-carrier spacing,
F (Hz) = 3348.214 = 3906.25 = 4464.286
FFT/IFFT period, TFFT (s) 298.666 256.000 224.000
7256
106 6
7256
107 6
7256
108 6
May 2006
Slide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Channel Bonding Structure
• 6K FFT over 3 TV channels– 2K per TV channel
– Null out the outer carriers for 1 or 2 TV channels
• Fixed inter-carrier spacing– Several implementation
possibilities
DataSub-carrier
PilotSub-carrier
Guard/NullSub-carrier
6 MHz
18 MHz
12 MHz
DC
DC
DC
12 MHz
6 MHz
18 MHz
May 2006
Slide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Fractional Bandwidth Usage
• If wireless microphones are in operation in TV channel, the WRAN systems must clear the entire TV channel
• The number of used sub-carriers is proportional to the fractional bandwidth
• The fractional BW mode is identified by using a Preamble
• Example:
6 MHz Unused(6 MHz)6 MHz
f
Incumbent or other CR user(except microphone user)TV channel Microphone user
Fractional useof TV channel
Other CR user
May 2006
Slide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
SubchannelizationSubcarrier Allocation
AdjacentSubcarrier Permutation
AdjacentSubcarrier Permutation
Uniformly DistributedSubcarrier permutationUniformly DistributedSubcarrier permutation
Scattered typeScattered typeBand typeBand type
AdjacentSubcarrier Permutation
DistributedSubcarrier permutation
• Each subchannel consists of a
group of adjacent subcarriers
• Bands in good state are selected
for data transmission
• Multiuser diversity
• Require more feedback
information than distributed
subcarrier allocation type
• Each subchannel consists of
distributed subcarriers within an
OFDM symbol
• Only the average CINR over all
subcarriers is required
• For users with high frequency
selectivity or far distant users
May 2006
Slide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Nc = # of sub-
CH
Nd = # of data
carriers/sub-CH
Np = # of pilots/sub-
CH
Nd+Np # of used carriers
Remarks
ETRI 30 28
48
52
28
8
4
56 56*30 = 1680
Worst CH
Medium CH
Best CH
I2R 32 48 4 or 6 52 or 54 52*32=1664
or
54*32=1728
Philips 32 48 6
(would agree to 4)
54 54*32=1728
OFDMA Parameters: Status
Runcom has also proposed single channel parameters based on 802.16ePUSC (1680 used sc) and FUSC (1702 used sc)
May 2006
Slide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
frame n-1 frame n frame n+1 ...Time
...
MAC Slot Number
Pre
am
ble
FCH
DS
-MA
PU
S-M
AP
Se
lf-co
exi
ste
nce
Ranging
UCS Notification
Burst CPE #4
Burst CPE #2
Burst CPE #1
Burst CPE #5
Burst CPE #3
Burst CPE #7
Burst CPE #1
Burst CPE #2
Burst CPE #4
Burst CPE #5
Burst CPE #3
Burst CPE #6
Burst CPE #8
Burst CPE #9
Se
lf-co
exi
ste
nce
Burst CPE #6
Burst CPE #7
Burst CPE #8
TTG
k k+1 k+3 k+5 k+7 k+9 k+11 k+13 k+15 k+17 k+20 k+23 k+26 k+29
TV Channel N
TV Channel N+1
DS US
Lo
gic
al M
AC
Ch
an
ne
l Nu
mb
er
s
s+1
s+2
s+L
BW Request
RTG
Frame Structure
May 2006
Slide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Frame Element Definitions
• Preamble – synchronization, channel estimation– Long training sequence and optional short training sequence
– There’s also an upstream burst preamble
• FCH – frame control header, info on size of DS- and US- MAP and channel descriptors (PHY characteristics)
• MAPs – resource scheduling info for user bursts
• Ranging – timing offset, power adjustment
• UCS – urgent coexistence situation, incumbent detection report
• BW Request – self-explanatory
• SSS - sliding self-coexistence slots – used by coexistence beacon to improve coexistence with neighbors
• BCH – burst control header for upstream – ID information
May 2006
Slide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Superframe Structure
Superframe n-1 Superframe n Superframe n+1 ...Time
...
Preamble SCH frame 0 frame 1 frame m...
TV Channelt-1
TV Channelt
TV Channelt+1
Time
Preamble SCH
Preamble SCH
Fre
qu
en
cy
Preamble SCHFrame
0Frame
1
Framem-2
(Quiet)...
... Frame0
Frame1
Preamble SCH
Preamble SCH
Occupied by Incumbent
Occupied by Incumbent
Framen
Occupied by Incumbent
Framem
Framem-1
May 2006
Slide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Superframe Element Definitions
• Preamble – synchronization, channel estimation– Two symbols long with 5 short and 2 long training sequences
• SCH – superframe control header – info on system type, channel, channel bonding, quiet periods (time to, duration of)
May 2006
Slide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Channel Coding
• Convolutional Coding (mandatory)– Rate ½, other rates by puncturing
– Constraint length 7
• Optional Advanced Codes– Duo-binary Convolutional Turbo Coding (DB-CTC)
• see 8.5.2.2
– Low-Density Parity Check Coding (LDPC) • see 8.5.2.3
– Shortened block turbo codes (SBTC) • see 8.5.2.4
May 2006
Slide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Sensing
• Proposed methods still remain to be evaluated and compared (Tiger Team)
• Several techniques were introduced at previous meetings and have been included in the PHY spec in section 8.8– Energy detection (full bandwidth or pilot)
– Multi-resolution spectrum sensing and Analog auto correlation
– PN511 or PN63 sequence detection
– Segment sync detector
– Cyclostationary feature detection
– Spectral correlation
– Optimal radiometer
• Primary waveforms are DTV and analog FM for wireless microphones– 802.22 TG1 beacon in MAC Section 6.21.1.7.x
May 2006
Slide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Multiple Antenna Options
• The following options are under consideration (Sec. 8.10)– Equal Gain Transmit Beamforming Using Codebooks
– Downlink Closed Loop SDMA
– Adaptive Beam-Forming Techniques
– Space Time Block Coding (STBC)
– Combined Diversity/Spatial multiplexing/Delay Management
– Virtual MIMO
• Final decisions on which ones are included will be based on performance and complexity
• Please also refer to Samsung contribution on EIRP analysis
• MAC already provides support for multiple antennas
May 2006
Slide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Presentation Outline
• System Overview
• PHY Overview
• MAC Overview
May 2006
Slide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Reference Architecture(Channel Aggregation support)
Convergence Sublayer / Bridge (e.g., 802.1d)
MAC
PHY
...MAC
PHY
MAC
PHY
Spectrum Manager
Higher Layers: IP, ATM, 1394, etc.
PHY/MAC 1 PHY/MAC 2 PHY/MAC n
Spectrum Manager – facilitates use of non-contiguous channels (channel aggregation) – responsible for maintaining global view of target RF spectrum – assigns spectrum to MAC/PHY modules
May 2006
Slide 30
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
MAC View of Frame
frame n-1 frame n frame n+1 ...Time
...
DS PHY PDU
Preamble FCH DS burst 1 DS burst 2 DS burst x...
BcastMsgs
MACPDUs
MAC PDU 1 ... MAC PDU y Pad
MACHeader
MAC Payload CRC
DS subframe
Initializationslots
BW requestslots
US PHY PDU(CPE m)
US PHY PDU(CPE p)
...
US subframe
Preamble US burst
MAC PDU 1 ... MAC PDU k Pad
MACHeader
MAC Payload CRC
Sliding self-coexistence
slots
Can appear ineither DS or US
BCH
UCSNotification
Slots
PDU – protocol data unit
CRC – cyclic redundancy check
Header – PDU length, connection ID, encryption
May 2006
Slide 31
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
MAC Frame Slotted Structure
frame n-1 frame n frame n+1
Adaptive
N slotsDownstream (and Upstream) Upstream
...Time
...
• Each frame is formed by an integral number of MAC slots– 1 MAC slot = 1 modulation symbol
• Boundary between upstream and downstream is adaptive to accommodate traffic asymmetry
May 2006
Slide 32
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Network Entry and Initialization
• BS initialization…– Consult TV usage database and regional WRAN information
database to identify candidate channels– Perform sensing to confirm vacancy of channels– Establish operation on a vacant channel
• The CPE will…– Scan a previous list of candidate channels or all downstream
channels until it finds a valid downstream signal– After acquiring the SCH, sense on all relevant channels
surrounding operating channel– Obtain upstream and downstream parameters and perform initial
ranging
• See sections 6.15.1+
May 2006
Slide 33
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Network Entry and Initialization
• The CPE needs to be sure that its communications will not cause harmful interference before it first transmits
• If a CPE inside of a protected contour can both detect the incumbent and synchronize to the co-channel BS, it will not associate with the BS
• However, if allowed it may send a short message to alert the BS to the presence of the incumbent
• See section 6.15
May 2006
Slide 34
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Ranging
• Downstream management– If CPE CINR falls below the range required for the specified burst
profile, the CPE requests transition to a new burst profile
– See section 6.17.1
• Upstream management– Consists of two procedures:
• Initial ranging allows a CPE to join a network and acquire correct Tx parameters
• Periodic ranging allows the CPE to maintain upstream communications
– For periodic ranging, timers must be maintained for each channel in DFH operation
– The algorithm is described in section 6.17.2
May 2006
Slide 35
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
QoS
• The service model is similar to that specified in 802.16
• The primary purpose is to define transmission ordering and scheduling over the air interface
• Packets traversing the MAC interface are associated into a service flow as identified by the connection identifier (CID)
• A service flow is characterized by a set of parameters such as latency, jitter, and throughput assurances
• See section 6.20.x
May 2006
Slide 36
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
CH-1 MAP CH-3 MAP
time
Burst #1
Burst #3
Burst#2
Burst#5
Burst#4
Burst #6
DS
DS
Multi-CH Resource Allocation by CH Grouping:The size of both FA-1 MAP and FA-3 MAP can be reducedby using the Channel Grouping and Matching which is managed by SM (Spectrum Manager)
Channel Grouping and Matching
CHMatching
1
3
3
1’
3’
3’
CH Matching:To select (US and
DS) active set 1 for individual CPE
CPE 1
CPE 2
CPE 3
CH Matching
BSCH Grouping:
To select a group of CPE’s that are assigned
to the same channelCH-1MAP
Burst #1
Burst #3 Burst#2
Before Matching and Grouping
After Matching and Grouping
May 2006
Slide 37
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Dynamic Frequency Hopping• An optional feature when the number of vacant channels exceeds
the number of neighboring BSs
• Avoids inband quiet periods and interruptions to service by hopping to other vacant channels for operation while sensing is performed on the previously occupied channels and other channels
• Regular periodic channel maintenance is combined with DFH to minimize frequency switching latency
ChannelAvailability Check
<2s > 30 seconds
ChannelSet Up
Ch X
Channel Availability CheckCh Y
Channel Sensing
ChannelSet Up
Transmission& Channel
Maintenance
Channel Sensing
2 seconds
<2s
Channel Sensing
Ch Z Channel Availability CheckChannelSet Up
Channel Sensing
2 seconds
ChannelSensing
ChannelSensing
ChannelNon-occupancy
Time
Transmission& Channel
Maintenance
Transmission& Channel
Maintenance
Transmission& Channel
Maintenance
…...
…...
<2s
Incumbent detected
2 seconds
May 2006
Slide 38
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Clean Sensing for DFH
Ch A
Ch B
Ch C
WRAN 1
WRAN 1
WRAN 1
WRAN 1
WRAN 1
WRAN 2WRAN 2
WRAN 2
WRAN 2
WRAN 2
Quiet Time Operation Periond
Ch D WRAN 1
WRAN 1
WRAN 2 WRAN 2 WRAN 1
WRAN 1WRAN 3
WRAN 3
WRAN 2
WRAN 2
WRAN 3
WRAN 3
WRAN 3
WRAN 3
WRAN 3
WRAN 3
• “N+1” Rule and Phase Shifting operation• 3 WRAN systems share 4 channels using DFH with clean sensing• See section 6.16.6 for more info
May 2006
Slide 39
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Incumbent Coexistence
• See section 6.21.1.4.x
• A comprehensive set of measurement and spectrum management commands is available
• Urgent coexistence situations can be reported through fields in the MAC header or through the UCS slots
• Sensing can be in-band (where quiet periods are required) and out-of-band (no quiet period required)
• In-band incumbent detection can take place during two phases– Quiet Periods; and
– Normal System Operation (e.g., opportunistic in-band sensing)
May 2006
Slide 40
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Incumbent Coexistence
• During Quiet Period Notification Phase– BS limits its downstream traffic so that ample time is allocated for CPEs
to report
– The BS indicates this to the CPEs through the MDP (measurement data preferred) field in the US-MAP
– CPEs with allocated BW that did not detect the incumbent can still use the US to transmit data
– Unresponsive CPEs are pursued to determine the source of the problem
– Only CPEs without US BW should use the UCS slots
• During Normal System Operation– CPEs with allocated BW send a BLM-REP (bulk measurement report)
with priority over other pending traffic
– If there’s insufficient BW, the CPE may use fields in the MAC header
– CPEs without allocated BW use UCS slots
May 2006
Slide 41
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Incumbent Detection Recovery
• To recover from an UCS, protocols are needed that enable the network to restore normal operation
• Backup channels are relied upon to quickly re-establish communications– Backup channels should be completely disjoint from the affected
channel to minimize the probability that the backup channel is also impaired
• In the event that no vacant channels remain, CPEs periodically monitor the status of a channel and inform the BS via the MAC header fields if the channel becomes available again
• See section 6.21.5.x
May 2006
Slide 42
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Class B CPE for Part 74 Protection
• 802.22 TG1 is currently preparing to address enhanced protection mechanisms for hard-to-detect Part 74 low power auxiliary devices
• One possible method is to use a special class (class B) CPE as a beacon
• This CPE is initially tuned to the desired channel of Part 74 operation
• If no SCH are detected after a timeout, the channel is assumed unoccupied by WRANs– But it will continue to search for SCH during normal operation
• If SCH are detected, the QP info is used to build a QP map for all area WRANs to find QP opportunities
• Beacons are transmitted during the best QPs to maximize detection
• See section 6.21.1.7.x
May 2006
Slide 43
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Hidden Incumbent Systems
• If a CPE cannot detect the BS due to strong interference from an incumbent, a “hidden incumbent” situation results – See section 6.16.4
• The BS can remedy this situation by periodically broadcasting out-band signaling on other vacant channels
• The CPE can respond on one of these channels and alert the BS to the hidden incumbent situation
• The BS responds to the alert by changing the operating channel
May 2006
Slide 44
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Quiet Period Management for Sensing
• Sensing is a two-stage process– Stage 1: Fast sensing
– Stage 2: Only if needed, perform fine sensing
• The fast sensing is performed in-band only
• Based on the fast sensing outcome, BS determines the need for the next fine sensing and the required time
• The synchronization of overlapping BSs makes this scheme highly reliable
BS1
Fast sensing 802.22 Transmission
Channel Detection TimeFast sensing Fine sensing
Fine sensing
Time
Channel Detection TimeFast sensing Fine sensing
May 2006
Slide 45
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Opportunistic In-band Sensing
• Use common “sensing-eligible” frames to do in-band sensing
• A “sensing-eligible” frame is:– A frame with no traffic, i.e. no US or DS traffic
– A frame at which the backlogged traffic (both US and DS) is less than the remaining capacity in the current superframe and no sensing frame has been allocated in the superframe
– The last frame of the superframe and no sensing frame has been allocated in the superframe
• A “sensing-eligible” frame is designated as a sensing frame if it is not marked for use for out-of-band sensing
May 2006
Slide 46
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Distributed Quiet Period
• When multiple CPEs are operating on different aggregate channels, a hidden node can result if the CPEs only sense on their active channel
• Meanwhile the BS is broadcasting on all aggregated channels and interference to the incumbent results
May 2006
Slide 47
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Distributed Quiet Period
• This situation can be remedied by distributing the quiet period
• Each channel is interrupted only once using DQP, while simultaneous QP would require 3x interruption in this example
• See section 6.16.7.1
May 2006
Slide 48
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Self-Coexistence
• CMAC addresses self-coexistence amongst overlapping cells in two mandatory ways:– BS beacon (i.e., SCH) based– The Coexistence Beacon Protocol (CBP), which enables:
• Sharing in time and frequency• Dynamic resource offering and renting• Etiquette for channel assignment
• CBP follows a best effort model that:– Allows for direct BS-to-BS communication and communication via CPEs– The overlapping BSs synchronization mechanism makes it highly reliable– Can be implemented either over-the-air or via a backbone– Allow either one-way or two-way (i.e., negotiation) communication
• The CBP packet consists of a preamble (different than the superframe preamble) followed by the SCH with the CT (content type) field set and a CBP MAC PDU
May 2006
Slide 49
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Spectrum Contention
• Three options are described
• Spectrum Renting/Offering (Sec. 6.21.2.3.1)– Offerers share active and candidate channel sets with potential
renter
– Renter chooses from union of neighbor’s candidate channels and informs neighbors of choice and required rental time
• Credit Tokens (Sec. 6.21.2.3.5)– Neighboring BSs trying to share a resource negotiate rental fees
using psuedo-monetary credit tokens from an initial reserve
– By sharing resources, a BS can accumulate tokens to build up its reserve for future rentals (incentive for sharing)
May 2006
Slide 50
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Spectrum Contention• On-Demand Spectrum Contention (Sec. 6.21.2.3.4)• Negotiation based distributed spectrum sharing mechanism• Contention number exchange and comparison• Iteratively driven by internal or external demands for spectrum sharing • Allow different contention strategies and flexible strategy adaptation
Data Transmissions
Channel Evaluationand Selection
Sharing theselected channel
feasible?
No
Contention for owningthe selected channel
Selected channeloccupied by
802.22 systems?
Success ?
Transmissions withthe selected channel
Transmissions withoutthe selected channel
Yes
Yes
NoExternalDemand
InternalDemand
Yes
Initialization On-DemandSpectrum Contention
No
BS 2BS 3BS 1
Request/responses
via Control Channel
a
a
aSystem 3System 3System 3System 3System 3System 3System 3
System1System1System1System1System1System1System1
System2System2System2System2
Operation intervalOperation intervalOperation intervalOperation intervalOperation intervalOperation intervalOperation interval
Contention responseContention responseContention responseContention responseContention responseContention responseContention response
Contention requestContention requestContention requestContention requestContention requestContention requestContention request
c
b
Grace Period
May 2006
Slide 51
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Channel Switch Procedure
• WRAN system builds a candidate channel list using distributed sensing• When incumbent users and other WRAN systems are detected in the current
operating channel, – The BS selects a channel CHselect from the candidate channel list, either randomly or based on
some algorithms– Randomly selects a wait time twait from a time window [ Tmin, Tmax ]– Starts a wait timer with Twait as the expiration time– Advertises the channel selection using a backhaul channel or WRAN air interface before
jumping to CHselect
• Meanwhile the WRAN system senses CHselect for incumbent signals and other WRAN systems
– If the channel CHselect is still idle/available, it jumps to CHselect when the wait timer expires – If incumbent signals or other WRAN systems exist in CHselect , it goes back to the beginning
to select another channel from the candidate channel list or its previously operated channel if occupied by incumbent users
• If collision occurs after channel switch, it increase tmax and goes back to the beginning to select another channel from the candidate channel list or its previously operated channel if not occupied by incumbent users
– Otherwise, it decreases Tmax and removes CHselect from the candidate channel list
May 2006
Slide 52
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
MAC Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) Support
• Frame structure simultaneously supports AAS and non-AAS traffic
• CPE uses preamble for downstream sync
• Network entry and initialization– CPE decodes FCH if able
– Alternatively, BS can reserve portion of superframe as initial ranging/contention slots
• Channel state via reciprocity or feedback– MAC control messages
– Piggyback on existing measurement reports
May 2006
Slide 53
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
CPE Maximum Transmit Power Control (TPC)
• CPE can operate co- or adjacent channel provided it is outside of the protected contour
• On other channels surrounding a TV channel, a CPE must abide by TPC defined by an EIRP profile
• All active TV channels in the area within ±15 channels will contribute to the profile
• Flowcharts and examples are shown in 6.13.5.x
May 2006
Slide 54
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Pending Items
• Some items reviewed by the proposal team did not reach consensus (for a variety of reasons) in time for the May meeting but are still considered worthy of continued consideration
• These items need to be exposed to the WG so they are not “in the dark”
May 2006
Slide 55
doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0069r0
Submission ETRI, FT, Huawei, Ga Tech, I2R, Motorola, NextWave, Philips, Runcom, Samsung, ST Micro, Thomson
Pending Items
• PHY– FT: OQAM/IOTA– I2R: Block spreading– Runcom: Macro-diversity
• MAC– FT: OFDMA subcarrier slot sensing– Huawei
• MAC management message• Guard interval for quiet period• Efficient control signaling for downlink allocated resources information broadcast• Effective and flexible structures for CPE CSIT collection
– I2R• Hidden incumbent problem• Adaptive TDD
– Samsung: Uninterrupted frame synchronization and channel estimation– STM
• Inter-BS communications• DFH community