doc.: ieee 15-08-0036-02-rfid sg-rfid january 2008 mike mcinnis, the boeing companyslide 1 project:...

January 2008

Mike McInnis, The Boeing CompanySlide 1

doc.: IEEE 15-08-0036-02-rfid

SG-RFID

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: [RFID Study Group Opening Introduction]Date Submitted: [15 January 2008]Source: [Mike McInnis] Company [The Boeing Company]Address [P.O. Box 3707, Mail Code 7M-CA, Seattle, WA 98124-2207, USA.]E-Mail:[[email protected]]Re : []Abstract:[Description of RFID-SG January 2008 meeting proceedings ]Purpose:[Introductory opening message to the RFID-SG meeting attendees]

Notice :This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

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RFID-SG

1st Meeting as a Study Group

Taipei, Taiwan

Opening Introduction

Tuesday January 15, 2008

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Tuesday, 15 January 200813:30-15:30

OPEN

Attendance Reminder

Miscellaneous Announcements

Review of IEEE 802 Patent Policies

Discuss Meeting Objectives

Approval of Agenda

RFID General Overview

Discussion - Purpose/Direction of RFID Study Group

Review of PAR and 5 Criteria Documentation

Presentations - Ask Meeting Attendees

Discussion on Call for Applications and Contributions

Wrap Up Discussion

Next Steps

Close

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Instructions for the WG ChairThe IEEE-SA strongly recommends that at each WG meeting the chair or a designee:

– Show slides #1 through #5 of this presentation– Advise the WG attendees that:

• The IEEE’s patent policy is consistent with the ANSI patent policy and is described in Clause 6 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws;

• Early identification of patent claims which may be essential for the use of standards under development is encouraged;

• There may be Essential Patent Claims of which the IEEE is not aware. Additionally, neither the IEEE, the WG, nor the WG chair can ensure the accuracy or completeness of any assurance or whether any such assurance is, in fact, of a Patent Claim that is essential for the use of the standard under development.

– Instruct the WG Secretary to record in the minutes of the relevant WG meeting:

• That the foregoing information was provided and the five slides were shown; • That the chair or designee provided an opportunity for participants to identify patent claim(s)/patent

application claim(s) and/or the holder of patent claim(s)/patent application claim(s) that the participant believes may be essential for the use of that standard;

• Any responses that were given, specifically the patent claim(s)/patent application claim(s) and/or the holder of the patent claim(s)/patent application claim(s) that were identified (if any) and by whom.

• It is recommended that the WG chair review the guidance in the Standards Companion on inclusion of potential Essential Patent Claims by normative reference.

Note: WG includes Working Groups, Task Groups, and other standards-developing committees.

(Optional to be shown)

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Highlights of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws on Patents in Standards

– Participants have a duty to tell the IEEE if they know (based on personal awareness) of potentially Essential Patent Claims they or their employer own

– Participants are encouraged to tell the IEEE if they know of potentially Essential Patent Claims owned by others

• This encouragement is particularly strong as the third party may not be a participant in the standards process

– Working Group required to request assurance– Early assurance is encouraged– Terms of assurance shall be either:

• Reasonable and nondiscriminatory, with or without monetary compensation; or,• A statement of non-assertion of patent rights

– Assurances• Shall be provided on the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved LOA form• May optionally include not-to-exceed rates, terms, and conditions• Shall not be circumvented through sale or transfer of patents• Shall be brought to the attention of any future assignees or transferees• Shall apply to Affiliates unless explicitly excluded• Are irrevocable once submitted and accepted• Shall be supplemented if Submitter becomes aware of other potential Essential Patent Claims

– A “Blanket Letter of Assurance” may be provided at the option of the patent holder– A patent holder has no duty to perform a patent search– Full policy available at http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sect6-7.html#6

Slide #1

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6.2 Policy

IEEE standards may be drafted in terms that include the use of Essential Patent Claims. If the IEEE receives notice that a [Proposed] IEEE Standard may require the use of a potential Essential Patent Claim, the IEEE shall request licensing assurance, on the IEEE Standards Board approved Letter of Assurance form, from the patent holder or patent applicant. The IEEE shall request this assurance without coercion.

The Submitter of the Letter of Assurance may, after Reasonable and Good Faith Inquiry, indicate it is not aware of any Patent Claims that the Submitter may own, control, or have the ability to license that might be or become Essential Patent Claims. If the patent holder or patent applicant provides an assurance, it should do so as soon as reasonably feasible in the standards development process. This assurance shall be provided prior to the Standards Board’s approval of the standard. This assurance shall be provided prior to a reaffirmation if the IEEE receives notice of a potential Essential Patent Claim after the standard’s approval or a prior reaffirmation. An asserted potential Essential Patent Claim for which an assurance cannot be obtained (e.g., a Letter of Assurance is not provided or the Letter of Assurance indicates that assurance is not being provided) shall be referred to the Patent Committee.

A Letter of Assurance shall be either:

a) A general disclaimer to the effect that the Submitter without conditions will not enforce any present or future Essential Patent Claims against any person or entity making, using, selling, offering to sell, importing, distributing, or implementing a compliant implementation of the standard; or

b) A statement that a license for a compliant implementation of the standard will be made available to an unrestricted number of applicants on a worldwide basis without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination. At its sole option, the Submitter may provide with its assurance any of the following: (i) a not-to-exceed license fee or rate commitment, (ii) a sample license agreement, or (iii) one or more material licensing terms.

IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws on Patents in Standards

Slide #2

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Copies of an Accepted LOA may be provided to the working group, but shall not be discussed, at any standards working group meeting.

The Submitter and all Affiliates (other than those Affiliates excluded in a Letter of Assurance) shall not assign or otherwise transfer any rights in any Essential Patent Claims that are the subject of such Letter of Assurance that they hold, control, or have the ability to license with the intent of circumventing or negating any of the representations and commitments made in such Letter of Assurance.

The Submitter of a Letter of Assurance shall agree (a) to provide notice of a Letter of Assurance either through a Statement of Encumbrance or by binding any assignee or transferee to the terms of such Letter of Assurance; and (b) to require its assignee or transferee to (i) agree to similarly provide such notice and (ii) to bind its assignees or transferees to agree to provide such notice as described in (a) and (b).

This assurance shall apply to the Submitter and its Affiliates except those Affiliates the Submitter specifically excludes on the relevant Letter of Assurance.

If, after providing a Letter of Assurance to the IEEE, the Submitter becomes aware of additional Patent Claim(s) not already covered by an existing Letter of Assurance that are owned, controlled, or licensable by the Submitter that may be or become Essential Patent Claim(s) for the same IEEE Standard but are not the subject of an existing Letter of Assurance, then such Submitter shall submit a Letter of Assurance stating its position regarding enforcement or licensing of such Patent Claims. For the purposes of this commitment, the Submitter is deemed to be aware if any of the following individuals who are from, employed by, or otherwise represent the Submitter have personal knowledge of additional potential Essential Patent Claims, owned or controlled by the Submitter, related to a [Proposed] IEEE Standard and not already the subject of a previously submitted Letter of Assurance: (a) past or present participants in the development of the [Proposed] IEEE Standard, or (b) the individual executing the previously submitted Letter of Assurance.


Slide #3

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The assurance is irrevocable once submitted and accepted and shall apply, at a minimum, from the date of the standard's approval to the date of the standard's withdrawal.

The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those Patent Claims, or for determining whether any licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory.

Nothing in this policy shall be interpreted as giving rise to a duty to conduct a patent search. No license is implied by the submission of a Letter of Assurance.

In order for IEEE’s patent policy to function efficiently, individuals participating in the standards development process: (a) shall inform the IEEE (or cause the IEEE to be informed) of the holder of any potential Essential Patent Claims of which they are personally aware and that are not already the subject of an existing Letter of Assurance, owned or controlled by the participant or the entity the participant is from, employed by, or otherwise represents; and (b) should inform the IEEE (or cause the IEEE to be informed) of any other holders of such potential Essential Patent Claims that are not already the subject of an existing Letter of Assurance.


Slide #4

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Other Guidelines for IEEE WG Meetings• All IEEE-SA standards meetings shall be conducted in compliance with all applicable

laws, including antitrust and competition laws.

• Don’t discuss the interpretation, validity, or essentiality of patents/patent claims.

• Don’t discuss specific license rates, terms, or conditions.

– Relative costs, including licensing costs of essential patent claims, of different technical approaches may be discussed in standards development meetings.

• Technical considerations remain primary focus

• Don’t discuss fixing product prices, allocation of customers, or dividing sales markets.

• Don’t discuss the status or substance of ongoing or threatened litigation.

• Don’t be silent if inappropriate topics are discussed… do formally object.---------------------------------------------------------------

If you have questions, contact the IEEE-SA Standards Board Patent Committee Administrator at [email protected] or visit http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/index.html

See IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual, clause 5.3.10 and “Promoting Competition and Innovation: What You Need to Know about the IEEE Standards Association's Antitrust and Competition Policy” for more details.

This slide set is available at http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/pat-slideset.ppt

Slide #5

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Approval of Agenda

• 15-08-0035-00-rfid-RFID-SG-Agenda-Jan-2008.xls

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Discuss Meeting Objectives

• RFID Study Group Proposal made at November 2007 closing IEEE 802.15 WG Plenary meeting.

– There is a project opportunity for a Study Group to develop a PAR and 5 Criteria for a draft standard for a PHY and MAC targeting RFID ultra-low energy tag and sensor applications.

– This is not addressed elsewhere, such as in EPCglobal and ISO 18000. Specific problem areas include; ambiguous radio definitions, lack of co-existence, and insufficient security. The management of EPCglobal is supportive of having a wireless standard which addresses these issues and is more specifically defined such as in IEEE 802 wireless standards.

– The Study Group will define the required co-ordination needed with groups such as the IEEE, the EPCglobal group, and ISO/IEC 18000, and others(?).

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Discuss Meeting Objectives - Continued

• Motions approved at Nov. 2007 Plenary Meetings

– Move that 802.15 WG seek approval to form a Study Group to develop a PAR and 5 Criteria for a draft standard for a PHY and MAC targeting RFID ultra-low energy tag and sensor applications.

• Approved at November 2007 closing IEEE 802.15 WG Plenary meeting in Atlanta.

• Approved at November 2007 IEEE 802 Executive Committee meeting in Atlanta.

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• The main objective as a Study Group is the completion of documentation required to become a Task Group.– Project Authorization Request (PAR) document

– 5 Criteria document

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Discuss Meeting Objectives - Continued• IEEE-SA Project Authorization Request (PAR) document

– Scope of proposed standard– Purpose of proposed standard– Need for the project– Stakeholders for the standard– Intellectual Property– Are there other standards or projects with a similar scope?– Is there potential for this standard (in part or in whole) to be

adopted by another national, regional, or international organization?

Note: IEEE 802.15 PARs and 5 Criteria documents can be reviewed at http://ieee802.org/15/par.html

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• IEEE-SA Project 802 Functional Requirements, Standards Development Criteria a..k.a. the Five Criteria document.

1. Broad Market Potential1. Broad sets of applicability

2. Multiple vendors and numerous users

2. Compatibility

3. Distinct Identity1. Substantially different from other IEEE 802 standards

2. One unique solution per problem (not two solutions per problem)

4. Technical Feasibility

5. Economic Feasibility

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RFID General Overview• There are currently two main types of RFID tags in the market

– Passive with no on-board power source– Active with an on-board power source (battery)

• Passive RFID tags contain an antenna attached to a chip on a flexible substrate and use a communications protocol to respond to an interrogator (reader).

• The energy to operate the chip on a passive tag is derived from a continuous wave (CW) supplied by an interrogator (reader) along with commands or primitives from the reader to the tag. Tag responses to the reader are likewise communications primitives. The more complicated the primitives (instructions) are results in more energy that is required by the RFID chip to interrogate commands and to save intermediate primitive states.

• It is estimated that there are nearly 100 proprietary protocol passive tag types on the market each customized for a particular application. Selecting any one of these tags for multiple applications means balancing compromises.

• There are many active tags makes and models in the market which utilize IEEE 802.11 b/g.

• There are a few active tag makes and models in the market which utilize proprietary UWB (non-IEEE 802.15.4a).

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EPCglobal/ISO 18000 Overview EPCglobal Class 1 Gen 2 protocol is being standardized as an ISO 18000 Part 6C standard

• Part 6C (passive) operates in the 860-960 MHz band– Double-side-band amplitude shift keying (DSB-ASK)– Single-side-band ASK (SSB-ASK)– Phase Reversal ASK (PR-ASK)– In addition to using a pulse interval encoding format.– An interrogator transmits information to a tag by modulating an RF signal. – The tag receives its operating energy from this modulated RF waveform.– To receive information from a tag, the interrogator transmits an un-modulated RF signal to the tang and

listens for a backscattered reply.– The tag responds by modulating the amplitude or phase of the RF signal.– Interrogators and tags use a half duplex communications link.

• Part 7 (active) operates in the UHF band at 433.92 MHz.– FSK– Modulation rate of 27.7 kHz– A 30 kHz wake up signal is transmitted by the interrogator for a minimum of 2.5 seconds to wake up all

tags within communication range. The interrogator always initiates communication with the tag and subsequently listens for a response.

Source: IEEE Applications & Practice, April 2007, “THE UNWINDING OF A PROTOCOL”IEEE A&P is published quarterly as an insert in IEEE Communications Magazine.

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RFID and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Reference White Paper

Architecture Development for Sensor Integration in the EPCglobal Network

Auto-ID Labs White Paper WP-SWNET-018

Published July 2007 http://www.autoidlabs.org/uploads/media/AUTOIDLABS-WP-SWNET-018.pdf 7. Summary

The integration of EPCglobal network and wireless sensor networking (WSN) technology explores a new technical horizon leveraging the simultaneous ID and sensor data manipulation. The applications are abundant in the fields of healthcare, logistics and product health monitoring. Although the importance of the two technologies, RFID and WSN, is widely recognized, their integration is still in its infancy. This white paper addressed the required roles and interfaces in sensor integrated EPCglobal networks in an abstract manner and provided the fundamental classification of sensor integration in the EPCglobal network. Also, it reviewed applications, existing and background technology to reveal the technical requirements. We have provided an ontology and provided several reference models in four scenarios of the sensor integrated EPCglobal network architecture. We have identified the following roles and interfaces in sensor integrated EPCglobal network.

– Sensor memory schema resolver for sensor plug and play functionality – Data translator to translate raw sensor data to meaningful data to applications – Aggregated data transport may be effective to handle multi-service interrogator and logical integrations – Enhanced air-protocol and tag data structure

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ISO/IEC JTC1 Information Technology• SC 31 Business Plan for the Period June 2007 – June 2008

– This document is circulated to JTC 1 National Bodies for review and consideration at the October 2007 JTC 1 Plenary meeting in Australia.

http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/327993/755080/1054033/2787945/JTC001-N-8758.pdf?nodeid=6761208&vernum=0

• “One area where the market has needed help is in the area of frequency regulation for RFID around the world. With the many disparate organizations controlling the regulation of frequencies, the ability to generate truly global standards has been severely affected. This remains the case in 2007.”

• The expanding RFID market has identified a need for battery assisted and sensor enabled RFID tags.

• WG4, SG 3 Air Interface– ISO/IEC 18000, all parts under Amendments or Revisions to include Batteries and Sensors

technology and any updates.– ISO/IEC 18000-4 Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz.– ISO/IEC 18000-6 Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz.

• WG5 Real Time Location System (RTLS)– Standardization related to Real Time Location Systems, a derivative of RFID, had progressed to

the point such that four new work items were submitted by the newly formed working group WG 5.

– WG 5 will begin work on the newly approved NP for 24730-3: RTLS at 2,4 GHz Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) [IEEE 802.15.4a CSS proposed to ISO/IEC by Nanotron] at the 6th WG 5 meeting scheduled for late June 2007 in Berlin, Germany. Since 24730-3 is the only item currently on the WG 5 programme of work, it should progress quickly.

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2.4 GHz Band Hybrid RFID Tags

According to paper “Bluetooth/802.11 Protocol Adaptation for RFID Tags” by Raj Bridgelall

A growing number of RFID systems have also been designed for operation within the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency bands.

Hybrid backscatter-based RFID tags can co-exist in an 802.11 or Bluetooth infrastructure.

IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth protocol compatible RFID tags retain the frame structures and channel access mechanisms but add the capability of backscatter radiation and ASK carrier modulation to the RF front-end.

• Reference URL: http://www2.ing.unipi.it/ew2002/proceedings/001.pdf

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Discussion• Some open issues remaining in the RFID domain are the existence of

multiple standards, handling of stored data, tag orientation, reader collision, range, cost, low energy consumption (example battery life or energy harvesting), and security concerns.

• Could skinny IEEE 802 MAC and PHY standards bridge a gap between passive tags, active tags, and sensors utilizing the frequency bands in which we operate? Is there a need for this?

• Could skinny IEEE 802 MAC and PHY standards provide ultra-low energy consumption products? Is there a need for this? (i.e. Nokia WiBree adoption by Bluetooth)

• Could skinny IEEE 802 MAC and PHY ultra-low energy consumption passive tags, active tags, and sensor products communicate (either directly or bridged) with networked IEEE 802 devices? Is there a need for this?

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Next Steps and Direction of RFID Study Group

Determine whether there is sufficient interest to create an RFID Task Group through completion of PAR and 5 Criteria documents.

What do you think our direction should be?

What do you think our next steps should be?– Release Call For Contributions or Applications?

• CFC

• CFA

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• Next Steps– Sign up for 802.15 RFID SG Reflector

• http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/Subscribe.html

• Next Meeting– March 16-21, 2008 in Orlando, Florida

• http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/Meeting_Plan.html– Work on wording of …

• CFC ?• CFA ?

• IEEE 802.15 Working Group web page– http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/

• Close

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