Do Now

AIM

How did the United States mobilize for war?

III. The Military ExperienceAmericans Join the Fight

U.S. Selective Service Act 1918 (DRAFT)

Passed by Congress requiring all young men between 21-30 to register for military draft

Many enlisted (all ethnic groups)

By 1918 3 million men had been drafted

DOUGHBOYS

Tensions and Protest African Americans moved north during the war to

find jobs with higher pay (Great migration) Competition for jobs and housing led to race riots People said “Mr. President, Why not make

AMERICA safe for democracy” 100,000 Mexican workers came to help on farms Discrimination against German Americans (schools

stopped teaching German) Congress made it a crime to criticize the

government of interfere with the war Espionage Act – Law that imposed harsh penalties

for antiwar activities Sedition Act – An addition to the Espionage Act that

outlawed more antiwar activities

DOUGHBOYS nickname given to soldiers because of their brass uniform buttons that resembled boiled dough dumplings

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

(General Pershing)-about 2 million American soldiers served in France

Women in World War I 50,000 women served. Served in American

Red Cross. 12,000 female Clerical

Workers volunteered for the Navy.

305 Marinette's join the Marines.

Nurses made up the majority.

Interpreters, spies, operated switchboards, drove ambulances and entertained troops.

Wilson quickly prepared U.S. for war by: - factories produced war materials ( weapons, uniforms, etc.)

Food Administration (Herbert Hoover): farmers grew more and families sacrificed to feed soldiers (war/victory gardens)

- War Industries Board: told factories what to produce

- War Labor Board: settled disputes between labor and management

Women were forced to give up their jobs to returning Vets.

This left some widowed families without an income.

How did the United States mobilize for war?

Civilians on the Home-front-Created War/Victory gardens -Women worked in factories- Women joined the Red Cross, served as spies, worked

switchboards, joined the Marines

Government:-Congress imitated a draft (Selective Service Act)- Passed laws such as the Espionage Act and Sedition Act to outlawed antiwar activities- Food Administration created more food for farms- War industries board told factories what to produce

Soldiers:- Men drafted went to training camps

Do Now – Analyze using I.D.E.A

7

Planes

Machine GunsChemical Warfare

Tanks

Submarines

Discuss with your partner new technologies that were introduced during world War I

AIM:Identify the objective of the propaganda poster and explain the tools used

(keep in mind the point of view o the poster)

Propaganda Propaganda is created by the

government to spread ideas that help a cause or hurt an opposing cause

Each side pictures each other as savage beasts– Anti-German propaganda often referred

to Germans as Huns Propaganda comes in different forms

such as a poster, a commercial, a cartoon, a song, or a speech

Selling the War Speeches:“Four-Minute Men” were sent out

to give speeches and raise public support for the war

Video/film:Charlie Chaplin helped sell Liberty

Bonds to lend the government money.

“Hang the Kaiser” movies

Songs:“Over There”

Propaganda posters

PropagandaObjective: Recruitment of soldiers

Propaganda Tools:Patriotic Appeal - Uncle Sam and the use of American colors red/white/blue

PropagandaObjective:Eliminate Dissent and Unify the Country

Propoganda Tools:Demonization – Germany is made to be a monster

Emotional Appeal – promotes fear

Name calling – Hun

Half truths or Lies – The Germans were not attacking us here is the US

Evocative Visual Symbol – German Helmet

Propaganda

What is the point of view of this poster?

Objective:Recruitment of soldiers

Propoganda Tools:

Emotional Appeal – to play on the Irishman’s anger of German U-boats sinking Lusitania

Patriotic Appeal – To serve your country to avenge the people who died on the Lusitania

Evocative Visual Symbol – Sinking Ship

Recruitment of soldiers

Financing the war

Eliminating dissent and Unifying the country Financing the war

Conservation of resources

Emotional Appeal – family obligationPatriotic Appeals (soldier fighting for love of his country)Catchy SloganEvocative Symbols (family helmet, soldier)

Demonization – German HunsEmotional Appeal (expression of soldiers face)Name Calling (Germans are Huns)Half Truth of Lies ( atrocities were not as serious as poster implies)

Emotional Appeal (clenched fist)Half Truths of Lies ( Shows Germany on the defense when they launched the first attack)Evocative Symbol ( clenched fist)

Emotional Appeal (gardeners and vegetables expressionCatch SloganEvocative Symbol (flag)Humor (fruits and Vegetables are soldiers)

Financing the War

Eliminating dissent and Unifying the country

Participation in the home front

Recruitment of Soldiers

Eliminating dissent and unifying the country

Patriotic Appeal (French roosterCatchy SloganEvocative Symbols (fighting French Rooster

Demonization (German Kaiser = devil)Half Truths or Lies (Many countries were responsible for destruction not just GermanyHumor or Caricature (German Kaiser cartoonish)

Demonization (British portrayed as an octopusHalf Truths or Lies (other nations were also imperialisticName Calling - blodsucker

Patriotic Appeals (patriotic appeal to joining the military)Evocative Symbols ( German helmet was a prize among the Allies, fern represents the death of a German soldier

Emotional Appeal (soldier makes student feel guiltyPatriotic Appeals (students sense of obligation to join militaryEvocative Symbols (cap and gown, uniformed soldier

Do Now – Compare and contrast the two propaganda posters

AIM

Compare and contrast the songs: Johnny get your Gun and One by Metallica

George M. Cohen- wrote song “Over There”

Johnnie get your gun, get you gun, get your gun,Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,Hear them calling you and me;Every son of LibertyHurry right away, no delay, go today,Make your daddy glad to have had such a ladTell your sweetheart not to pine,To be proud her boy's in line.

Chorus:Over There, Over ThereSend the word, send the word, Over ThereThat the Yanks are coming, The Yanks are coming,The drums rum tumming everywhereSo prepare, Say a PrayerSend the word,Send the word to bewareWe'll be over, we're coming over.And we won't be back till it's over over there!

Johnnie get your gun, get you gun, get your gun,Johnnie show the Hun, you're a Son-of-a-Gun,Hoist the flag and let her flyLike true heros do or diePack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit,Soldiers to the ranks from the towns and the tanks,Make your Mother proud of you and to Liberty be true.

One: By Metallica I can't remember anything

can't tell if this is true or dream deep down inside I feel to scream this terrible silence stops me

now that the war is through with me I'm waking up, I cannot see that there's not much left of me nothing is real but pain now

hold my breath as I wish for death oh please God, wake me

back in the womb it's much too real in pumps life that I must feel but can't look forward to reveal look to the time when I'll live

fed through the tube that sticks in me just like a wartime novelty tied to machines that make me be cut this life off from me

hold my breath as I wish for death oh please God, wake me

now the world is gone I'm just one oh God, help me hold my breath as I wish for death

darkness ………..imprisoning me all that I see absolute horror I cannot live I cannot die trapped in myself body my holding cell

landmine ….has taken my sight taken my speech taken my hearing taken my arms taken my legs taken my soul left me with life in hell

Compare and contrast the songs: Over There One

DO NOW

AIM: How did the U.S Help to Secure an Allied Victory in WWI?

1914 1st Battle at the Ypres19152nd Battle at Ypres1916Battle at Verdune

Allies stopped Germans.Battle at Somme19173rd Battle at Ypres

Germans stopped the Allies

The War at a Stalemate Why was the war at a stalemate?

– Both sides were dug in while engaging in the horrors of trench warfare

– During the stalemate, the frontline moved only a few miles for months at a time

– Neither side was able to gain ground, thousands of troops were lost on both sides

– This continued for 3 years.

Russia Withdraws for the War - 1917

–Russia Revolution–Czar Nicholas II was overthrown.–Bolsheviks (communists) take power

under V.I. Lenin–Russia signs an armistice with

Germany.–Armistice – An end to fighting.–This allowed Germans and the

Central Powers to place all their troops of the Western Front.

June 1917 -a small force of 14,000 Yanks arrive in France

Germans try to launch an offensive before All American troops arrive.Germans smash through French lines and are 50 miles from Paris at the Marne RiverWithin 2 months

March 1918

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

1918 1 million fresh U.S.

troops arrive in France.

– American troops had an independent role and also helped British and French troops

(General Pershing)

America Turns the Tide of the War May 28th 1918

- American soldiers attack the town of Cantigny blasting enemies our of trenches and dragging them from cellars.

This allied victory boosted Allied morale

Strength & Energy of fresh U.S. troops broke the stalemate and turned the tide of the war toward the allies.

BATTLES Battle of Chateau – Thierry

- Americans hold their ground against the Germans.Americans assist the French and stop .

-Battle at Belleau Wood-Americans retake the forest from the Germans.380 out of 400 soldiers were killed but Americans proved themselves in combatthe German advance

Americans Turn the Tides Americans stop German’s second

attack at the Marne River and begin to push back the Germans.

The Second Battle of the Marne River was the turning point of the war.

Final Battle – Meuse Argonne September 26th, 1918

– 1.2 million U.S. soldiers took part in a massive drive to push back he German line between the Argonne Forest and the Meuse River

– 26,000 Americans died in this battle– By November the Germans were retreating

The War Ends Germany realized that since the US entry

into the war, it could not win The German Kaiser abdicated his

throne Armistice is reached (Agreement to stop

fighting) The shooting stopped at 11am on

November 11th 1918. (11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month)

Which country has the fewest causalities? Why?

Meuse – Argonne Hero

Alvin York Tennessee-born

American soldier attacked and killed 25 German machine gunners in the Argonne Forest and captured 132 German soldiers.

Awarded the Medal of Honor

Northern France was in ruins

Northern France was in ruins

African Americans in WWI 400,000 African

American served in WWI.

They served in segregated combat divisions.

They faced discrimination when they returned.

369th, 371st, and 372nd units fought under French commanders were awarded France’s highest honor:

Croix de Guerre

How did the U.S Help to Secure an Allied Victory in WWI? U.S. troops added new energy,

manpower, and firepower to the allied cause

U.S. industry, untouched by war, provided the weapons and technology needed to win

The entrance of the U.S. (toward the end of the war) broke the stalemate and pushed the allies to victory

Impact of the War8 to 9 million Europeans died in battle

50,000 Americans died in battle

More than 20 million soldiers on both sides were woundedMillions of Germans were near starvation

Many European children were left orphaned and homeless

Flu epidemic killed more than 20 million people worldwide.(Twice as many as the war itself)

Factors that contributed to the enormous loss of life during WWI

1. The introduction of new weapons such as the machine gun and poison gas. (technology)

2. The large number of nations involved in the conflict. 3. The refusal of either side to accept an early victory.