do itrightand do itoften!...

o t-\.TAJ:?/O S Inlibrefi_ prayer a I rationoSho-tP05\\:i' DO IT RIGHT AND DO IT OFTEN! Helmut Spieser, OMAF

The mere mention of sprayer calibration makes some people cringe. Everyoneknows that calibration is an essential part of the spraying system but nobodylikes to do it. There are many calibration techniques available includingcalibration bottles, jugs, calibration calculators and many more.

alibration means different thingsto different people. Depending onyour definition of sprayer calibra-tion, various techniques give youmore information than others. If

your calibration technique involves spray-ing a given amount of water over a knownarea, the only thing you know with confi-dence is the average output of the boomper unit area. Variability within nozzle tonozzle or boom section to boom sectionwill not be evident using this method.

Ranking Calibration Techniques1. Check every nozzle measuring true

ground speed, nozzle spacing, etc.2. Spray a known amount of water on a

known area.

3. Start with full sprayer, spray knownarea, measure water added to fillsprayer.

Proper calibration of a sprayer shouldtell you two things. First, calibration willshow you the exact application rate, gal-lons/lOOO ft'', of your sprayer with thenozzles, spray pressure and travel speedthat you have chosen. This application rateis then used to calculate the amount ofproduct required per tankful of spray.

Second, calibration will show you theuniformity of output of each nozzle acrossthe boom. As you apply 1 gallon/1000 ft2and higher, any small differences in inter-nal diameter of fittings or differences ininternal hose resistance may... ,". page 12

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The President's Desk PAULTURNER

A warm springwelcome to ourmembership. As Iwrite this, it finally

looks like summer isjust around the comerand I hear it's sup-posed to be a hot, wet

one. I most certainly will not complain.This was a long, cold, snowy winter but Iguess the reality is that we live in Canadanot the Bahamas!

Greening grass is a sign that it's timeto renew your STA membership. It wasnecessary to increase annual fees slightlyfor the 2003 season, but I think you wouldagree that the membership still representsgreat value for the price. The new updatedroster is being compiled based on infor-mation provided with membershiprenewals and will be mailed upon its com-pletion.

STAWeb SiteTo all our members who are using the

web site, we say a big thank you and toany potential advertiser who may be in-terested in purchasing a banner ad, thereare still great marketing opportunitiesavailable at very reasonable rates. Thenewly developed site is garnering an un-believable amount of visits and we willcontinue to enhance the site to make it funand resourceful for you our membershipand for any visitors. We are looking at thepossibility of adding ajob board so if yourmunicipality or organization is looking tofill some vacancies, please give Lee a callfor an update. There will be a nominalcharge for this service but given that oursite caters to the key turf professionals inour industry, it may be money well spent.

Annual Field DayThe plans for this year's field day are

proceeding well. We are extremely excitedto announce that our venue will be held atthe University of Toronto, Scarborough

Campus. We thank Gord van Dyk and hisstaff for submitting an application to hostthis year's event. If you haven't been therebefore it is a scenic campus with lots ofgreat rolling hills in the west end of To-ronto, very close to Highway 401, withlots of parking. The date for this year'sevent is Wednesday, September l ?".Please mark it in your day planners to at-tend. We need a great attendance to keepthis event rolling. We have lined up a goodcombination of speakers to discuss veryrelevant and functional topics.

Mark your calendars now for

STA's popular Annual Field Day

September 17th at the University

of Toronto, Scarborough Campus.

I would like to say thank you to BoardMember Rick Lane for volunteering histime to speak at the Communities inBloom National Awards & Symposium onParks & Grounds, September 23 to 28, inStratford, Ontario. See page 4 for details.

To all our members, I hope you had agreat spring and the weather gods lookkindly on us so we can grow some fine,lush turf this summer. •

Congratulations on your hard workand achievement!

TennesseePropedoSupervisor, Parks EastCity of Hamilton, Ontario2003 TurfManagers' Short Course

Glen KralkaSault Ste. Marie, Ontario2003 Ontario Diploma inHorticulture (TurfOption)

www.sportsturfassociation.comISUMMER 2003 3

News ClippingsCOMMUNITIES IN BLOOM • IPM PROJECT AT THE GTI IN GUELPH

he Sports Turf Association, as apartner in Communities in Bloom,is participating in the NationalAwards & Symposium on Parks& Grounds from September 23 to

28 in Stratford, Ontario. Rick Lane, Man-ager of Leisure Services for HaldimandCounty and STA Director, will be present-ing A Grass Roots IPM Program forSports Fields.

As communities become more aware,more concerned and desire more input inthe care and control of their environment,municipalities have to answer some toughquestions. Whether the driving force ispolitical or ecological, the debate will take

place and resolutions will be reached.Where does quality turf fit in? Throughproper turf management techniques, youcan give the grass a fighting chance againstweeds and insects. For more informationon this year's national symposium, visitwww.communitiesinbloom.ca.

IPM Demonstration ProjectThe Guelph Turfgrass Institute has re-

ceived funding from the Ontario PesticideAdvisory Committee to conduct an inte-grated pest management (IPM)demonstration project for educational pur-poses.

The project will demonstrate lawnmaintenance under three regimes: conven-tional management with seasonally timedpesticide applications, an IPM regime, andpesticide free management. Superimposedwill be two heights of mowing as well asirrigation or no irrigation. The demonstra-tion plots will be established at the GTIand in two other southern Ontario munici-palities.

We will be including updates over theseason from all sites through The GTIAdvisor and on our website. Informationfrom the project will also be distributedto Ontario municipalities and will providea template for additional demonstrationprojects in the future.

The project is being coordinated by GTIResearch Associate Erica Gunn with tech-nical support from OMAF TurfgrassSpecialist Pam Charbonneau. Mark yourcalendar to attend the Summer ResearchField Day on August 19th to see this andother projects being conducted at the GTI.

4 SUMMER 2003 I Sports Turf Manager

The GTI Advisor is produced by theGuelph Turfgrass Institute (http://gti.uoguelph.ca) and is available free onthe website or by sending an e-mail [email protected] indicating youwish to subscribe.

A practical manual for the managementof safer, natural turf facilities for outdoorsports. The concepts are applicable forany turf manager, from golf course su-perintendents to the parks supervisor,whether maintaining golf greens, sportsfields or race tracks for thoroughbreds.To order, call 519-763-9431 or visitwww.sportsturfassociation.com.

Coming Events CHECK OUT WWW.SPORTSTURFASSOCIATION.COM FOR UPDATES...

July 22-25Turfgrass Producers InternationalSummer Convention & Field DaysBellbrook, OhioInformation: (847) 705-9898www.TurfGrassSod.org

August 12Ontario Turfgrass Research FoundationFundraising Golf TournamentCopper Creek Golf ClubKleinburg, ON

August 19Guelph Turfgrass InstituteAnnual Summer Research Field DayGuelph, ONInformation: (519) 824-4120 x52501

September 17Sports TurfAssociationAnnual Field DayUniversity of TorontoScarborough, ONInformation: (519) 763-9431www.sportsturfassociation.com

September 21-24Ontario Parks AssociationAnnual General MeetingStratford, ONInformation: (905) [email protected]

September 23-28Communities in Bloom NationalAwards & Symposium onParks & GroundsStratford, ONInformation: (519) 271-0250 x241www.communitiesinbloom.ca

October 22-23Landscape OntarioGarden Expo, Toronto, ONInformation: (905) 875-1805www.landscapeontario.com

January 6-8,2004Ontario Golf Course ManagementConference and Trade ShowToronto, ONInformation: (905) 602-8873 x 222

January 13- 15Landscape Ontario CongressToronto, ONInformation: (905) 875-1805www.locongress.com

January 20 - 21Ontario Turfgrass SymposiumToronto, ONInformation: (519) 767-5000www.open.uoguelph.ca/ots

February 19-21Turfgrass ProducersInternational Midwinter Conferenceand ExhibitionSanta Barbara, CaliforniaInformation: (847) 705-9898www.TurfGrassSod.org

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www.sportsturfassociation.comISUMMER 2003 S

Sports Field Aerification: (an you afford not to do it?DALE GETZ, CSFM, THE TORO COMPANY

Aerify, aerify, aerify and when you're done, aerify some more. This is the man-tra we've heard for the last 20 years and longer. But what does aerificationreally do for the turf and for the soil? How does it help sports turf? Is there a"best" method? Is there a "best time" to aerify? Can I afford aerification? Can Iafford not to aerify? These are the questions I hope to answer.

erification is one of the most im-portant cultural activities youcan do for turfgrass manage-ment and sports turf inparticular. Let's look at what we

are really asked to do for the sake of sportsand how aerification can help. You, assports turf managers, have to take care ofa living, breathing (respiring), growingentity that is 35 times shorter than a sixfoot human and hundreds of times lighterthan a 200 pound human and make it notonly survive, but thrive, while beingplayed on, tromped on, overused andabused in many ways.

We want our sports fields to play safely,look great and perform well under a vari-ety of environmental conditions. If youcan do all of the previously mentionedunder these conditions, you are a genius.Before you get too disappointed and de-pressed, however, there are some answers,some techniques you can use to helpyou win the battle. While I can't addressall the issues in this article, we can ad-dress one of the most important -aerification.

Aerification BasicsWhat does aerification really do? Es-

sentially, aerification breaks up soilaggregates that have become severelycompacted. Aggregates are soil particlesthat have adhered forming larger clumpsor peds. A well-aggregated loamy soil, forexample, will consist of 50% pore spaceand 50% solids. Through compaction, suc-cessive periods of wetting and drying andthe chemical processes of soil particles,these aggregates become harder anddenser, limiting the ability of water androots to penetrate them and extract needednutrients. These compacted aggregates

6 SUMMER 2003 I Sports TurfManager

also hinder the ability of the roots to pen-etrate deeper into the soil where adequatenutrients and moisture may exist. So whatdoes aerification really do?

• Relieves compaction• Improves water infiltration• Promotes deeper rooting• Improves nutrient availability & uptake• Improves toxic gas exchange• Improves drying of the soil

Aerification also has additional benefitsrelated to the overall health of the turf.Aerifying can be used to modify the rootzone soils. By picking up or harvestingthe cores during core aerification and thentopdressing with a coarser material suchas sand or a sand/peat mixture, you canimprove the texture of theroot zone soil so it is notas prone to compaction inthe first place. Aerifyingand topdressing or drag-ging in the cores can helpcontrol the thatch layer.Finally, aerification canprovide one of the bestseedbeds for overseedingpurposes.

Impediments to aSolid Plan

With all the advan-tages of aerification forthe development ofhealthy turfgrass, it'shard to imagine someonenot having an aggressiveaerification plan. Butwhat about the disadvan-tages - there actually aresome. The biggest, of

course, is the cost. The cost of equipmentpurchases, labour and time. But don't letthis deter you. Equipment can be pur-chased, leased or rented, or the entireservice can be contracted. Aerification issuch an important practice it cannot be ig-nored if you want to have healthyturfgrass. Another disadvantage is thataerification can bring weed seeds to thesurface and promote their germination.Finally, if done at the wrong time of theyear, aerification can cause desiccation tothe turfgrass around the hole and causesurface disruption which could impedeplay.

Sports turf management presentsunique challenges in that most sports areplayed more intensively in pockets or con-centrated areas of the field. For example,

in baseball the area in front of the pitch-er's mound and the outfield positionlocations get more use. In football, it's thearea between the hash marks and the side-lines that gets the most concentrated useand in soccer and lacrosse, it's the goalmouth. This is both a blessing and a curse.A curse is the fact that: I) These areas aresuper compacted, 2) They cannot bemoved from week to week in most cases,and, 3) They are overused so finding timeto promote good turf growth is limited.

The blessing is that these areas are rela-tively small in size so what may seem likea daunting task can actually take less timeand budget dollars to complete than origi-nally anticipated. In other words, you canconcentrate your efforts on the areas thatneed your attention the most.

Aerification MethodsCore aerification is the process by

which actual cores or plugs of turf and soilare pulled up and brought to the surface.This is by far the most beneficial type ofaerification for the turf. By doing this youactually decrease the bulk density of thesoil. You can then drag or break up thecores allowing the soil to refill the holesin a less compacted state. You can also pickup the cores and topdress with sand (ma-sonry sand works very well for this and isreadily available but it is wise to have yoursoil and sand tested to determine compat-ibility).

The downside to core aerification is thesurface disruption and the time it takes fordragging, topdressing and cleaning up but,once again, concentrating on small areascan go relatively quickly. Also, choosingsmaller tine sizes can minimize the dis-ruption; however, it will also minimize thebeneficial effects you are trying to achieve.The other downside is that the surface dis-ruption can affect play and surfacestability, especially in sand based soils, sotiming is very critical. Do not core aerifywithin two weeks of major events on yourfield. This will give time for the turfgrassto heal and the surface to stabilize.

Solid tine aerification simply pokesholes into the soil. This can be beneficialwhen there is a need to aerify during theplaying season. For example, you maywant to aerify after a game or event thathas been played in wet conditions and you

need to loosen the surface to aid in gasexchange or water infiltration (be sure toallow time for the soil to adequately drybefore aerifying). The surface disruptionis much less and there is no need for cleanup with solid tines. Solid tines are avail-able in many different sizes dependingupon the situation at hand. One caution,though, is that because you don't actuallyremove cores from the soil, repeated solidtine aerification can cause compaction atthe hole depth and some evidence evensuggests that glazing of the sides of theholes can inhibit water infiltration, particu-larly when soil moisture is high.

Water injection aerification is anothervaluable tool at your disposal. In thismethod, water is injected into the soil at600 mph (5,000 psi). Each burst of waterleaves a surface hole of less than 1/4" butcan affect up to a 3" diameter of soil be-low the surface. Water injectionaerification causes virtually no surfacedisruption and can even be used prior tosporting events. Water injection is used

adequate job in large open areas where thesoil is not too compacted but severalpasses may be needed to get the spacingyou want. Depth of aerification is highlydependent on soil moisture and type. Also,since the tines are mounted on a drum orroller, they have a tendency to tear the turfand disrupt the soil much more than othertypes.

Reciprocating aerifiers are designed sothe tine enters the soil vertically. Thisleaves a much cleaner hole and the downpressure guarantees a uniform depth. Re-ciprocating aerifiers come in many sizesfrom walking units to large 80-inch unitspulled behind tractors. Reciprocating unitshave a wide variety of tine sizes; some aredesigned to aerify as deep as 12". Walk-ing reciprocating aerifiers do an excellentjob on the smaller areas discussed earlier.They are very maneuverable, relativelyinexpensive, have many tine options andare self-contained so you don't need an-other piece of equipment to pull them with.

Finally, there are drill type aerifiers that

quite extensively in the southern portionsof the United States to alleviate localizeddry spots or hydrophobic soils. Whenmanaging cool season turfgrasses, waterinjection aerification is an excellent wayto aerify during the summer months whenother types of aerification may damageyour turf.

Aerification EquipmentThere is a plethora of aerification equip-

ment on the market today. The type youchoose will depend upon what you wantto accomplish, how much ground youneed to aerify, what your budget will with-stand and what your current soil andturfgrass conditions are today.

Drum or towing type aerifiers are rela-tively inexpensive and cover a largeamount of ground in a short period of time.They are available in either a pull type orthree-point hitch mounted. They do an

use carbide tipped bits to drill a hole intothe soil up to 12" deep and I" in diameter.There are even attachments that can auto-matically fill the holes with topdressingmaterial after they have been drilled. Drilltype aerifiers are very expensive but thereare many companies that provide this serv-ice on a contract basis.

Aerification TimingProper timing of aerification is impor-

tant to achieve the desired results. I willaddress timing both in terms of theweather and in terms of which sport isplayed on the field. Obviously weatherplays an important part in the quality ofaerification. Aerifying during periods ofheat and/or drought stress can negativelyimpact your results, especially with coolseason turfgrasses. You will further stressthe turf and recovery can take longer.There is also a chance of turfgrass desic-


------- ---------------------------------------------

cation around each hole. This does notmean you can not or should not aerify inthe summer but it does mean you shouldmonitor the weather closely and if you seea period when weather conditions im-prove, plan your aerification. You shouldalso consider using smaller tines. Periodsof drought or heat stress are also a goodtime to consider water injection aerification.

Late fall or early winter can also presentaerification challenges. Leaving openholes can cause turf desiccation aroundthem. On the other hand, if you drag inthe cores and/or topdress, the desiccationis minimized and subsequent freeze andthaw cycles of winter can actually helploosen the soil further. Late fallaerification is often performed on footballfields after the season has ended becauseany desiccation that may occur over win-ter will heal prior to the next season.

Soil moisture also plays a part in deter-mining when to aerify. The soil should bemoderately wet but not at full field capac-ity. If it is too wet, the cores will not breakup easily and more glazing can occur. Onthe other hand, if the soil is too dry, thecores will break up easier but hole depthmay vary and the turfgrass around the holewill be more prone to desiccation. Expe-rience with your own soil types will beyour best teacher.

Scheduling aerification with regard tosports or events on your sports fields isanother challenge. For those of you fortu-nate enough to have separate fields foreach different sport this issue is mucheasier. For those managing multiple-usefields, finding a time to aerify can be ex-tremely challenging.

In general, aerifying immediately afterthe season or after periods of heavy use is

the best. For football and soccer, thismeans late fall in most parts of the coun-try. For the spring sports of baseball andsoftball, this means late spring. If you havespecial events such as concerts, picnicsor large tournaments on your fields,aerifying immediately afterward is alsohelpful.

Finally, with regard to timing, howmany times should you aerify? This is thethousand-dollar question. Once is betterthan not at all. Twice is better than onceand so on. Remember, however, it is notuncommon to aerify the worst areas of asports field five or six times each year.

Aerification StrategyCommit to a three-year aerification pro-

gram to achieve maximum results. Thisprogram should be well thought out andin writing. Write a separate plan for eachof your sport fields. Consider game andpractice schedules (as well as when thepreferred time to aerify would be) andwhat areas of the field you want toaerify.

Following is an aerification plan for atypical high school football field. The fieldis cool season turfgrass used for 18 homegames and some practices in the fall andpractices in the spring and late summer.

e November (after last game)Aerify entire field, drag cores, seed,topdress and fertilize

e Late April (after spring practice)Aerify entire field, drag cores, seed,topdress and fertilize

eMidMayAerify between hash marks, sidelinesand painted end zones, drag cores,topdress

e Early to Mid JuneAerify only bad areas, drag cores,topdress

e Early July (weather permitting)Aerify only bad areas, drag cores,topdress

Can I or Can I Not Afford to Aerify?I firmly believe you can not afford not

to aerify. It is such a powerful tool in yourarsenal of weapons against field use andabuse that aerification must be a part ofyour overall turf management strategy. Becreative, though. If you have to rent anaerifier, do only the necessary areas. Manygolf courses are willing to let schools bor-row equipment because their children maygo to school there. Contracting aerificationservices is a way to get aerification donewithout owning equipment.

Develop a plan of action to improveyour sports fields with aerification andtake that plan through the budgeting proc-ess to obtain equipment dollars. Above all,strive to make your sports fields better andsafer through active turfgrass manage-ment. •

- Reprinted with the permission of the NationalFederation of State High School Associations

ReferencesChristians, Nick, Fundamentals of TurfgrassManagement. Chelsea, Michigan: AnnArbor Press, Inc., 1998, 301 pp.

Emmons, Robert D., Turfgrass Science andManagement, 3rd Edition. Albany, NewYork: Delmar Publishers, 2000, 528 pp.

Turgeon, A. J, Turfgrass Management, 4th

Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:Prentice Hall, Inc., 1980, 393 pp.

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_ Reducing Peak Water Use in Guelph-$''r?tPOS\vl' PETERBUSATTO, MARTIN LAVICTOIRE,CHARLENE PINKSEN & JAMES ETIENNE, CITYOF GUELPH

The challenge faced by municipal water providers during a drought involves thebalancing of peak water demand with water supply capacity, while at the sametime complying with related provincial legislation. In response to drought condi-tions in the late 1990s/ the Province of Ontario enacted the Ontario Low WaterResponse Plan (OLWRPl in 2000. The OLWRP is triggered by local droughtconditions and provides a tiered framework of voluntary and mandatory wateruse restrictions for major water users. The OLWRP was implemented in Ontarioduring the dry summers of 2001 and 2002.

ssues raised by Guelph's watering banin 2001 and the directives of theOLWRP led Guelph Waterworks to re-evaluate the City's approach tomanaging outside water use and cre-

ate a comprehensive Outside Water UseProgram (OWUP) in 2002. The OWUPconsists of colour coded levels of wateruse restrictions that correspond with lev-els defined in the OLWRP. The followingis a brief summary outlining project de-velopment and implementation.

The Guelph Water SupplyThe City of Guelph, with a population

of 110,000, is located within the GrandRiver watershed. Although two rivers - theSpeed and the Eramosa - run through thecity, Guelph relies wholly on groundwateras the source of municipal water supply.This supply consists of 23 groundwaterwells, a shallow groundwater collectorsystem, and an artificial recharge systemdrawing water from the Eramosa River.The collector and recharge systems and anumber of wells draw water from shal-

lower aquifers. The capacity ofthese shal-low aquifers is reduced by the lack ofrecharge that occurs during times ofdrought.

The water system rated ca-pacity is 75,000 cubic metresper day; however, with qualitydegradation and the last sixyears of drought, effective ca-pacity is approximately 63,000cubic metres per day.

the lowest recorded since monitoring be-gan in the 1960s.

Customer Water DemandGuelph average day water demand is

approximately 54,000 cubic metres perday, with about half of this demand gen-erated by residential customers. In the lastfew years, peak demand has reached74,000 cubic metres per day prior to theimplementation of watering bans. With-out watering bans, and based on theexperience of municipal neighbours, it isanticipated that peak demands might dou-ble average day demands.

The Recent DroughtPortions of the Grand River

watershed have experiencedsevere drought over the last sixyears. These drought condi-tions are similar to thoseexperienced in the 1930s. The precipita-tion deficit in the Guelph area is almost500 millimetres. 2002 was the second con-secutive year of historic low flows in theSpeed and Eramosa Rivers. In 2002, lev-els in the Upper Speed and Eramosa Riversmet the Level III streamflow triggers ofthe OLWRP (Figure 1). These levels were

2001 Response to the OLWRPGuelph Waterworks currently holds 23

provincial Permits To Take Water. Mostpermits contain conditions allowing theprovince to reduce the amount of watertaken during times of drought. Guelph re-ceived a provincial request to reduce wateruse by 20% in August 2001 and subse-

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www.sportsturfassociationcom I SUMMER 2003 9

quently implemented a lawn watering banas part of the outside use program at thetime (Alternate Day Lawn Watering withTime Restrictions). Although peak wateruse was reduced, municipal politicians andcustomers were dissatisfied with the im-plementation and enforcement of theban.

Demand ManagementWith continued drought driving an in-

crease in customer outside water use, asolution was needed to help balance peakdemand with available supply capacity.Guelph Waterworks believes peak demandmanagement through a comprehensiveOWUP is the solution. Although demandmanagement programs have the potentialto create customer discontent and lowerwater sales revenue, they are an effective,efficient, and environmentally sustainablemeans to match water demand with sup-ply. Unlike past programs, the new OWUPwould provide a long term, goal drivensolution.

The following four goals were con-firmed for the OWUP:• Focus on non-essential water use;• Support environmental sustainability

through the OLWRP;• Support program effectiveness,

fairness, and practicality; and• Minimize regulating commercially. driven outside water use.

~Program EnforcementThe most controversial aspect of pre-

vious watering bans in Guelph was thelack of program enforcement. Some cus-.tomers who voluntarily comply with'~watering' bans will not tolerate the non-.compliance of one of their neighbours.Lax enforcement of the program was per-ceived as part of the problem.

Under the enhanced OWUP and sup-porting by-law, customers can be chargedfor the following, .most frequent waterwasting activities:• Over watering;• Irrigating and needless washing of

paved surfaces;• Watering in the rain;• Leaking ponds and fountains;• Non-recirculation of fill water in

pools and fountains; and• Vehicle washing with a running hose.


8

1997 1998 1999• Monthly Average - Long Term Average

2000 2001 2002

l-Jun

-- Daily Total Pumpages - Winter 200112002 Average

Program SuccessIn 2002, the OWUP was successful in

reducing overall water use by more than25% below historic peak levels and aver-age day demands by 13% (Figure 2). Theprogram kept over two hundred and fiftythousand cubic metres of groundwater inlocal groundwater aquifers; some of thiswater is buoying a stressed ecosystem andmay be available for future municipal use.The OWUP also helped the City complywith a provincial requirement to reducewater use and avoid mandatory water userestrictions imposed under the OLWRP.

Future ImpovementsAny program with the customer impact

and complexity of the OWUP is best im-proved on a gradual basis. Plannedimprovements to the 2003 program in-

2-Jul 2-Aug 2-Sep

elude the addition of the ability to ticketfor program non-compliance, tighter regu-lation of bulk water sales, the investigationof peak period pricing, piloting of resi-dential cisterns, and piloting' the use ofwastewater effluent for irrigation .

Future improvements mar address en-couraging the development of moreefficient irrigation systems; the installa-tion of low water use grass and plants;efficiencies in recreational water use in-eluding private swimming pools; andapplying the OWUP to river and privatewell takings .•

Visit www.sportsturfassociation.comto view or download the entire 16page report. Go to "newsletter" then"current issue."

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AT SCARBOROUGH CAMPUS ... LOOK FOR A BROCHUREWITH FULLDETAILSTO ARRIVE IN YOUR MAILBOX SHORTLY!

8:00 - 9:00 am Registrationand Opening Remarks

9:00 - 10:00 am Hosting SoccerChampionships, Larry NoonTurf Manager, CommonwealthStadium, Edmonton, Alberta

10: 15 - 11:00 am Partnering withMunicipalities, Dave Motley, PastPresident, Oakville Soccer Club

111:00 - 11:45 am Central IrrigationControl: The Future is Now!, GarySupp, Turf Care Products Canada

111:45- 1:15 pm Lunch and Meet withOutdoor Exhibitors

11:15- 3:00 pm Sports TurfMainte-nance Practices, Dr. Jack EggensProfessor Emeritus, Univ. of Guelph

Hosting Soccer ChampionshipsLarry Noon will discuss the preparationsrequired to host an international soccertournament. He will touch on the plan-ning stages, pre-event, actual event andpost event days. Noon has been with theCity of Edmonton for the last 25 years invarious positions.

Partnering with MunicipalitiesCan sports organizations and municipali-ties be partners? David Motley willoverview the creation and maintenanceof the relationship including exploringareas of mutual concern; developing amutual understanding of each othersneeds; involvement in facility planning;and developing a model that works toeach partners' mutual benefit. Motley has40 years legal and development indus-

try experience and 20 years of involve-ment in community sports.

Central Irrigation ControlDo you want to know with certainty howmuch water you used for irrigation onyour parks last night without having toleave your office? How much you usedlast week? Last year? See what your fu-ture looks like. Live demonstration alsoincluded. Gary Supp has been activelyinvolved in the irrigation industry since1971 and is presently Irrigation SalesManager and Certified Irrigation De-signer (CID) with Turf Care ProductsCanada.

Sports Turf Maintenance PracticesJoin Jack out on the field for a hands-onreview of sports turf maintenance prac-tices. Eggens is co-founder of the popularTurf Managers Short Course.

EVERGREEN IS GREATFOR BASEBALL FIELDS

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time to replace it. If the output problemstayed with the original nozzle locationon the boom, you may have a plumbingproblem at that nozzle location. As a gen-eral rule, any nozzle that varies more than5% of the average nozzle output should

Cover Story Continued ... The Necessity of Sprayer CalibrationDO IT RIGHT AND DO IT OFTEN! BY HELMUT SPIESER,OMAF, RIDGETOWN

... affect flowrate to a whole boom sec-tion. A plumbing fitting that is slightlysmaller in internal diameter can cause upto a 20% reduction in flow for a wholewing section. Visually you cannot see thisdifference in nozzle output. When youcalibrate your sprayer check each andevery nozzle on your boom.

Many operators are adding rate control-lers to any new sprayers purchased. Ratecontrollers don't calibrate your sprayer.Rate controllers, as their name implies,make adjustments to the sprayer to delivera pre-selected application rate. This is agreat technology that maintains the de-sired sprayer output as travel speedfluctuates.

Rate controllers deliver constant appli-cation rates with a high degree ofaccuracy. If,however, a hose were to plugor collapse, the rate controller would in-crease pressure to compensate for thisrestriction and deliver theintended appli-cation rate. The rate controller will makeadjustments regardless of problems withthe nozzles or the plumbing. So, even if

.your sprayer has a rate controller, you still

.need to calibrate it properly.

When to Calibrate• at least once a year for each set of

nozzles that you use

• every time water volumes are changed• every time nozzles are replaced

Things to Do Before You Calibrate• ensure that the sprayer has been

cleaned thoroughly both inside andoutside

• remove and clean all nozzleswith a nozzle tip brush

• remove and clean all nozzlescreens with a nozzle tip brush

• remove and clean all screensand strainers in the plumbingsystem

• gather all the equipmentneeded for the calibrationtechnique that you plan to use

• enlist the aid of a friend orhelper - with two people, oneperson can operate the stopwatch while the other collectsthe liquid from the nozzles

Once you have checked all the nozzles,look at your nozzle output values that yourecorded. Any nozzle outputs that differsignificantly from other nozzles should becleaned and rechecked. If the output fromthese nozzles did not change, move thenozzle to a different part of the boom.Recheck the nozzle output again. If theoutput problem went with the nozzle, it's

Editor's Note: Try if! Visit the OMAF web site to ~tilize the Sprayer CalibrationCalculat?r a~tVVW\f.~o~.on.ca/OMAFRA/english<crops/sprayer!ep75.htm

be replaced. While you are doing the cali-bration on your sprayer take note of thenozzle spray patterns. Each nozzle shouldhave a uniform spray pattern withoutheavy streaks or skips. Nozzles with dis-torted spray patterns should be replaced .

Keep Notes• of all calibration parameters• nozzle make and size• spray operating pressure• gear and throttle settings• application rate• turf conditions and date •

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More News ClippingsSOCCER STADIUM IN THE WORKS FOR TORONTO • HEALTHY LAWN TIPS • NFL PLAYERS PREFERNATURAL GRASS

he Canadian Soccer Association,bankrolled by a grant of some$625,000 from FIFA, has startedwork on plans for a 30,000-seatnatural grass soccer stadium in

central Toronto. The FIFA grant moneywill be used for "design, investigation,economic, business modelling, architec-tural plans and so on," Kevan Pipe, chiefoperating officer of the Canadian SoccerAssociation, said from Ottawa.

"Will it get a shovel put in the ground?No, of course not. You're talking a multi,multimillion-dollar facility. But what itwill do is provide all the legwork, ration-ale and analyses we are going to be puttingtogether... to eventually see the construc-tion of this facility."

There are still plenty of hurdles. TheCSA still needs to arrange funding from

three levels of government, plus the pri-vate sector and other organizationsinterested in using the facility. Still thegrant is a step forward in the process.

"I'm delighted to hear it," Canadianmen's coach Holger Osieck said. "It defi-nitely gives us a good prospectus for thefuture, that's for sure."

Osieck has long campaigned for a newstadium in Canada's largest city. "If wedon't have it here, where else should wehave it?" he asked.

The lack of a suitable facility outsideof Edmonton's Commonwealth Stadiumhas long frustrated Canadian soccer offi-cials. Toronto has been virtually shut outof international soccer since Varsity Sta-dium went under the wrecker's ball.

The CSA, in announcing its intentionto go after the 2007 Women's World Cup,

said a new soccer stadium was part of thebid.

The grant was issued under the worldgoverning body of soccer's Goal Program,which benefits soccer associations aroundthe world. It marks Canada's first partici-pation in the program.

- Canadian Press, The Record, Nov. 7/02

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Healthy Lawn Tips DistributedPesticides are regulated carefully in

Canada by Health Canada's Pest Manage-ment Regulatory Agency (PMRA)through a program of pre-market scien-tific assessment of new pesticides andre-evaluation of registered pesticides.Only products which have value and poseno unacceptable risks to health and theenvironment are registered by PMRA.

In recent years however, pesticide usein urban areas has become an issue for thepublic. Many citizens have expressed aninterest in reducing their use of pest con-trol products. PMRA, in partnership withprovincial and territorial governments, ishelping to address these concerns throughthe Healthy Lawns Strategy for UrbanPesticide Risk Reduction.

The strategy will help homeowners toreduce reliance on pesticide use for lawncare. The strategy emphasizes IntegratedPest Management (IPM) approaches suchas pest prevention, application of pesti-cides when necessary and use of reducedrisk products where possible.

In support of this initiative, PMRA isdistributing copies of its Healthy LawnTips folder to members of the Federationof Canadian Municipalities. The folderswill provide homeowners with the basisfor making informed choices about man-aging their lawns and gardens. The folderis also available on the Healthy Lawns website at www.healthylawns.net.

NFL Players Continue to PreferReal Grass

WASHINGTON, D.C. Nearly 89% ofNFL players greatly prefer grass fieldsover artificial surfaces. That's the resultof the fifth NFL Player's Association

(NFLPA) field survey conducted duringthe 2002 NFL season. More than 1,300players, greater than three-quarters of ac-tive NFL players, responded.

"This survey clearly demonstrates theincreasingly strong preference of NFLplayers for top-quality natural grass play-ing surfaces," said Gene Upshaw, NFLPAexecutive director. "However, with fivegrass fields ranked among the League'sten worst, this year's survey demonstratesthat a grass surface alone is no guaranteeof excellence."

More than 95% of players also believeartificial surfaces are more likely to con-tribute to injury (up from 91% whenNFLPA conducted this survey in 2000) .•

- Released January 30, 2003, taken fromwww.landscapemanagement.net

Add www.landscapemanagement.net toyour internet bookmarks. It is a good re-source for the landscape & turf industries.

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1-800-510-5019 or 519-940-9273, Fax 519-940-4852


New Web Feature..."Corn Gluten Meal in Ontario"

log-on to our new site atwww.sportsturfassociation.com tocheck out the latest feature articleby Dr. Ken Carey of the GuelphTurfgrass Institute. Articles areupdated quarterly and archivedfor your convenience.

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• Excellent opportunity to upgrade your MC controller• The most beneficial system available for irrigationmanagement

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www.sportsturfassociation.comISUMMER 2003 1S

O~TAi'T/O

_ Dealing with Pesticide Exemptions&}-""POS\0~ BRUCE HAY, MANAGER OF PARKS OPERATIONS, CITY OF BRAMPTON

In brief point form, this article will explore the development ofthe City of Brampton's pesticide policy.

Why Develop a Pesticide Policy?

• It is a consistent informational tool for your council, staffand the public.

• It is a road map for present and future activities

• Pesticide use is a very sensitive issue that requires you totake a position.

• To defend your position on pesticide use.

Pre-Policy Issues

• Current pesticide use practices.

• Determine what your pesticide use practices will be in 5 to10 years. Include issues such as new products, environmen-tal and health issues and public acceptance. Work back tocreate milestones.

• How much information have you provided to your council inthe past and what is their understanding of the issues.

• Most important - what does the public want as mirrored byyour elected officials.

Development of the Policy Document Requirements

• Corporate template• Benchmarking with your peers. Don't reinvent the wheel.• Public and professional satisfaction. Develop thresholds you

can live with.• The use of public surveys and polls• Public meetings vs. city council• Building the communication plan

Dealing With People Who Oppose the Use of Pesticides

There are two types - individual residents and activists. Neverdisregard a member of your public because they appear to be anactivist. They are the customer.

• Have concerned citizens and advocacy groups opposingpesticide use already approached your department or yourcouncil?


• Determine their objective through initial contact via phone,e-mail or the media. Is it 1) a complete ban, includingagriculture (not likely); 2) cosmetic only; 3) synthetic only;or 4) antagonism?

• Plan your response and the use of the "cool off period."

• Schedule your council presentation to coincide with theirdelegation. Be focused.

• Determine their level of sophistication.

• Use of experts. 1) What are their information sources? 2)Are they credible? And 3) How much support do they havein your community?

• Presentations and delegations to committees of councilshould contain: quality, applicable information, studies, etc.;the use of experts and their areas of expertise; determiningthe origin of the group and their tactics; the use of media;and compromise.

Legitimate Alternatives to Pesticides: More Toolsfor the Toolbox

• Where is the industry heading? IPM Accreditation• Pesticide free zones• Upgraded cultural practices on sportfields and high

exposure areas• Sand in playgrounds• Mulching programs• Aquacide weeds• Biological controls• Weed mats• Increase mowing frequency• Install more irrigation systems

Presentation of the Finished Document Should Include

• Policy Statement: How and when pesticides will be used.

• Purpose: Guidance to council, staff and the public.

• Procedure: Determining when and when not to usepesticides.

• Accountability: Who in the corporation is ultimatelyresponsible?

• Administration: Department that maintains the program.

• Contacts: Names of staff members within the department.

• Information Sessions: With staff, council and the public.

• Annual Review: of policy and implementation of mile-stones .•

Achievab

Turf CareAgronomics

• Mid-Western OntarioDoug [email protected]

• South-Western Ontario/NiagaraDuncan [email protected]

• Greater Toronto AreaMark [email protected]

• Eastern and Northern OntarioBill [email protected]

TlRFCARETurf Care Products Canada200 Pony Drive, Newmarket, Ontario L3Y 786Tel: 905-836-0988 • Fax: 905-836-6442 • www.turfcare.ca

Iinu-g..

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The Efficient Use ofWater, Labor and Energy

More communities are concerned about water useand trimming management costs. An up-to-dateHunter system ensures the most efficient applicationof irrigation on parks, sports fields and commercialcenters. Hunter features the industry's widest range ofreliable rotors, valves and technically-superior centralcontrols - including Hunter's new IMMS, whichmonitors a network of irrigation systems from asingle location.

Incorporate new water-saving techniquesinto your landscape plans. Contact us for a free copyof the Hunter Water Management Kit today.

HIIIdel·® 1940 Diamond Street, San Marcos, CA 92069 USA. 800-733-2823 • Fax: 760-471-9626The Irrigation Innovators www.Hunterlndustries.com

www.sportsturfassociation.comISUi\!\MER 2003 17

Wayne BlampiedHealthy Lawn Care Products, Brompton, ON

James DouglasDouglas Associates, Landscape Architects ltd.

Ottawa, ON

Brian RamsdaleThe Grass is Greener, Kemptville, ON

Ken WinerAutomated Watering Solutions Inc., Arkell, ON

Allan Berberich & Grant EgerdeeCity of Guelph, ON

Gordon Smith City of Victoria, BC

TomGerlichTug's Turf Management, Williamstown, ON

Mark RasevicAPR Lawn Care & Landscaping, Inc.

Bethesda, MD, USA

Doug HubbleTurf Care Products Canada Limited, Newmarket, ON

Norm JoyceYork Region District School Board, Newmarket, ON

Sarah O'DellSid Shear Limited, Concord, ON

Paul ChisholmSt. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS

John Traynor Town of Caledon, ON

Bob Irwin Town of Georgina, ON

James Bingham, Larry Mann &Steve Matunin Town of Markham, ON

Dave Chapman, Bill Harding &Barry Lattanville City of Toronto, ON

David Connell & Alan Watson, PhDMcGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC

Bob Cooke, Jim Gouleous & Mike JamesUniversity of Toronto, Scarborough Campus


Weather Watches, Warnings & AdvisoriesFROM THEATMOSPHERICENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE

Weather Watch alerts you that conditions are favourablefor the development of severe weather. A Weather Advi-sory means actual or expected weather conditions maycause general inconvenience or concern, but don't pose aserious enough threat to warrant a weather warning. An

advisory may also be used when conditions show signs of be-coming favourable for severe weather when the situation is notdefinite enough or too far in the future to justify a warning.

A Weather Warning alerts you that severe weather is occur-ring or that hazardous weather is highly probable. Severethunderstorm or tornado warnings may be issued less than onehour in advance. Other weather warnings may be issued six totwelve hours in advance.

The following are some of the more common seasonal weatherwatches, warnings and advisories issued by Environment Canadaduring the summer.

Heavy Rain WarningIssued when heavy or prolonged rainfall is sufficient to cause

local/widespread flooding. Expect 50 mm of rain over 12 hoursor less, or 80 mm of rain in less than 24 hours.

Severe Thunderstorm WatchConditions are favourable for the development of severe thun-

derstorms with large hail, heavy rain, intense lightning ordamaging winds within the areas and times specified in the watch.

Severe Thunderstorm WarningA severe storm has developed, producing one or more of the

following conditions: heavy rain, damaging winds, hail of at least20 mm in diameter or intense lightning. Severe thunderstormsmay also produce tornadoes. The storm's expected motion anddevelopments will be given in the warning. Ifyou are in the areaspecified, take shelter indoors.

Tornado WatchConditions are favourable for the development of tornadoes

within the areas and times specified in the watch. Be prepared totake shelter, preferably in the lower level of a sturdy building.

Tornado WarningOne or more tornadoes are occurring in the area specified.

The expected motion, development and duration will be givenin the warning. If you are in the path of a tornado, take emer-gency precautions immediately. Ifyou are near the area specifiedin the warning, be alert for the development of additional torna-does or severe thunderstorms. •

To receive weather information when, where and how you wantit, sign up for Environment Canada's free service e-Weather at:www.weatheroffice.pyr.ec.gc.ca/e-weather/default_e.html

.s>7v,PQS\\5~'

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Ontario Turfgrass Symposium

Educational Conference& Trade Show

January 20-21, 2004

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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