do diurnal system profiles accurately represent system
TRANSCRIPT
Do diurnal system profiles accurately represent system behaviour?
Presented by Nicholas Longden
Project Engineer, Urban Water Solutions
Background
Qualifications
• Bachelor of Engineering in Civil and Environmental Engineering (Hons)
• Master of Environmental Science
Experience
• Hydraulic Modelling with Urban Water Solutions Pty Ltd (Melbourne) and HydroCo Ltd (UK)
Outline
• Generating diurnal profiles
• Application
• Aggregated vs. disaggregated
• Case study
• Summary
Deriving Diurnal Residential Profiles
Deriving Diurnal Residential Profiles
Deriving Diurnal Residential Profiles
Deriving Diurnal Residential Profiles
Deriving Diurnal Residential Profiles
Diurnal Residential Profile
1.95
2.95
Applying a Diurnal Residential Profile to a Single Customer
• Say a property has demand of 1,200 L/property/day (0.0139 L/s)
• Peak Day Demand profile peak hour flow factor of 2.95
• Peak hour flow of 2.46 L/min
Water Services Standard AS/NZS 3500.1:2017 (Standards Australia, 2017)
Applying above peak day, peak hour flow to eight properties = 19.7 l/min
Disaggregated Profiles
Aravinthan, V., Ho, G., Gray, J., Butler, R., and Connell, D. (2012)
Nguyen, K. A., Stewart, R. A., Zhang, H., Sahin, O., Siriwardene, N. (2017)
Case Study
• Country Town
• One zone supplied by a single water tower
• Customer feedback – low pressures
Modifications to the model
• Nodes added in the approx. centroid of the buildings and in retailer mains
• Mains added to represent connection pipes
Customer Specific Profiles 40 L/min
20 L/min
10 L/min
5 L/min
Customer Specific Profiles
Customer Specific Profiles
Customer Specific Profiles
Customer Specific Profiles
Example Low Pressure Area
Example Low Pressure Area
Example Low Pressure Area
Example Low Pressure Area
Example Low Pressure Area
Node ID
Avg
Press.
(m)
Max
Press.
(m)
Min
Press.
(m)
Node ID
Avg
Press.
(m)
Max
Press.
(m)
Min
Press.
(m)
From
Node ID
To Node
ID
Max Flow
(l/s)
(staggered)
Max
Headloss
(m)
Max
Headloss
per Unit
Dist.
(m/km)
TEST004 17.77 18.16 16.13 TEST006 17.67 18.16 9.09 TEST004 TEST006 7.27 322
TEST001 17.92 18.31 16.24 TEST007 17.72 18.23 6.23 TEST001 TEST007 10.79 322
TEST018 17.93 18.33 16.23 TEST008 17.72 18.23 6.3 TEST018 TEST008 9.91 322
TEST002 18.07 18.46 16.35 TEST009 17.73 18.31 3.97 TEST002 TEST009 12.62 322
TEST019 18.07 18.46 16.34 TEST010 17.78 18.31 3.36 TEST019 TEST010 13.1 322
TEST020 18.07 18.46 16.34 TEST011 17.82 18.36 4.3 TEST020 TEST011 12.8 322
TEST021 18.06 18.46 16.33 TEST012 17.81 18.39 3.62 TEST021 TEST012 12.64 322
TEST022 18.06 18.46 16.33 TEST013 17.94 18.44 8.28 TEST022 TEST013 8.36 322
TEST023 18.06 18.46 16.32 TEST014 17.93 18.45 8.21 TEST023 TEST014 8.4 322
TEST023 18.06 18.46 16.32 TEST016 17.92 18.46 4.21 TEST023 TEST016 13.27 322
TEST003 18.06 18.46 16.33 TEST015 17.94 18.46 8.05 TEST003 TEST015 8.5 322
TEST017 17.85 18.23 16.24 TEST005 17.72 18.23 5.4 TEST017 TEST005 11.99 322
Network Nodes Customer Nodes Connections
0.67
Example Low Pressure Area
Node ID
Avg
Press.
(m)
Max
Press.
(m)
Min
Press.
(m)
Node ID
Avg
Press.
(m)
Max
Press.
(m)
Min
Press.
(m)
From
Node ID
To Node
ID
Max Flow
(l/s)
(staggered)
Max
Headloss
(m)
Max
Headloss
per Unit
Dist.
(m/km)
TEST004 17.77 18.16 16.13 TEST006 17.67 18.16 9.09 TEST004 TEST006 7.27 322
TEST001 17.92 18.31 16.24 TEST007 17.72 18.23 6.23 TEST001 TEST007 10.79 322
TEST018 17.93 18.33 16.23 TEST008 17.72 18.23 6.3 TEST018 TEST008 9.91 322
TEST002 18.07 18.46 16.35 TEST009 17.73 18.31 3.97 TEST002 TEST009 12.62 322
TEST019 18.07 18.46 16.34 TEST010 17.78 18.31 3.36 TEST019 TEST010 13.1 322
TEST020 18.07 18.46 16.34 TEST011 17.82 18.36 4.3 TEST020 TEST011 12.8 322
TEST021 18.06 18.46 16.33 TEST012 17.81 18.39 3.62 TEST021 TEST012 12.64 322
TEST022 18.06 18.46 16.33 TEST013 17.94 18.44 8.28 TEST022 TEST013 8.36 322
TEST023 18.06 18.46 16.32 TEST014 17.93 18.45 8.21 TEST023 TEST014 8.4 322
TEST023 18.06 18.46 16.32 TEST016 17.92 18.46 4.21 TEST023 TEST016 13.27 322
TEST003 18.06 18.46 16.33 TEST015 17.94 18.46 8.05 TEST003 TEST015 8.5 322
TEST017 17.85 18.23 16.24 TEST005 17.72 18.23 5.4 TEST017 TEST005 11.99 322
Network Nodes Customer Nodes Connections
0.67
Example Low Pressure Area
Node ID
Avg
Press.
(m)
Max
Press.
(m)
Min
Press.
(m)
Node ID
Avg
Press.
(m)
Max
Press.
(m)
Min
Press.
(m)
From
Node ID
To Node
ID
Max Flow
(l/s)
(staggered)
Max
Headloss
(m)
Max
Headloss
per Unit
Dist.
(m/km)
TEST004 17.77 18.16 16.13 TEST006 17.67 18.16 9.09 TEST004 TEST006 7.27 322
TEST001 17.92 18.31 16.24 TEST007 17.72 18.23 6.23 TEST001 TEST007 10.79 322
TEST018 17.93 18.33 16.23 TEST008 17.72 18.23 6.3 TEST018 TEST008 9.91 322
TEST002 18.07 18.46 16.35 TEST009 17.73 18.31 3.97 TEST002 TEST009 12.62 322
TEST019 18.07 18.46 16.34 TEST010 17.78 18.31 3.36 TEST019 TEST010 13.1 322
TEST020 18.07 18.46 16.34 TEST011 17.82 18.36 4.3 TEST020 TEST011 12.8 322
TEST021 18.06 18.46 16.33 TEST012 17.81 18.39 3.62 TEST021 TEST012 12.64 322
TEST022 18.06 18.46 16.33 TEST013 17.94 18.44 8.28 TEST022 TEST013 8.36 322
TEST023 18.06 18.46 16.32 TEST014 17.93 18.45 8.21 TEST023 TEST014 8.4 322
TEST023 18.06 18.46 16.32 TEST016 17.92 18.46 4.21 TEST023 TEST016 13.27 322
TEST003 18.06 18.46 16.33 TEST015 17.94 18.46 8.05 TEST003 TEST015 8.5 322
TEST017 17.85 18.23 16.24 TEST005 17.72 18.23 5.4 TEST017 TEST005 11.99 322
Network Nodes Customer Nodes Connections
0.67
HeadlossesThrough Connections
Flow (L/min) 20 40 20 40
Flow (L/s) 0.33 0.67 0.33 0.67
Connection (mm) 20 20 20 20
Cw Roughness (mm) 0.05 0.05 0.2 0.2
Headloss (m/km) 88.52 323.23 116.52 450.71
Headloss over 10m 0.89 3.23 1.17 4.51
Iron pipe sample –Swietlik et al. 2012
Pressures across the town using disaggregated profiles
Change in min pressure between disaggregated profiles and average profile
20mm connections0.05mm Cw
Change in min pressure between disaggregated profiles and average profile
20mm connections0.10mm Cw
Summary
• Fit-for-purpose models
• Customer experience
• Digital meters to refine model
