DNA Review

• What are the monomers of DNA?

• Nucleotides made of:• Deoxyribose• Phosphate• A nitrogenous bases(A,T,C,G)

• Describe what the DNA looks like.

• It is a double stranded helix. It looks like a twisted ladder. The genes are the “rungs” and the sides of the ladder are alternating sugar and phosphate.

• What makes an RNA different from a DNA?

• It is single stranded and has Ribose for its sugar. The Thymine base is substituted for Uracil.

How was Griffith’s experiment important to the discovery of DNA?

• He used heat killed virulent and harmless bacteria in mice to prove transformation of DNA from one cell to another.

• How was the bacteriophage used in the discovery of DNA?

• Hershey and Chase labeled the DNA with radioactive sulfur and phosphorus. The DNA transformed with phosphorus.

• If a DNA molecule is:• CGG AGT CAG• What is the mRNA?

• GCC UCA GUC

• What is the making of a mRNA called?

• transcription

• If a mRNA is:• UGC UAA CAC• What is the tRNA?

• ACG AUU GUG

• Every group of three bases on a mRNA is called a ___________________.

• Every group of three bases on the tRNA is called a ______________.

• Anticodon

• What does the tRNA drop off at the ribosome when it complimentarily matches with the codon?

• A specific amino acid.

• If one base on the mRNA is missing what is that called?

• A deletion.• This will cause a ______________.

• frameshift

• The mRNA codon for stop is UGA. How could that be a problem if it is in the middle of the mRNA code?

• The protein will not be made correctly. It is called a nonsense mutation.

• If a base gets substituted will it matter?

• It will matter only if a different amino acid is brought to the ribosome. It will not matter if the substitution is silent.

• If the mRNA:• CGA UUG• Becomes • CGA GUU• What is this called?

• An inversion.

• If the mRNA:• UGU CGC• Becomes:• UGU UGU CGU• What is this called?

• A duplication mutation

• Name a disease that is caused by mutation

• Sickle celled anemia• Cytstic fibrosis• Huntington’s Disease• Tay Sachs• Down’s Syndrome

• Which disease is also known as Nondisjunction?

• Down’s Syndrome

• The process of making a protein at the ribosome is called____________.

• translation

• What is the role of mRNA?

• To take a code from the “boss” known as DNA out to the ribosome to eventually make a protein.

• What is the role of the tRNA?

• To match up the code from the mRNA and to bring the corresponding matching amino acid.

• What is the role of the ribosome?

• It is the site at which the rRNA will help assemble the amino acids into a protein.

• What is the promoter and the terminator

• They start and stop the message.

• What is a point mutation?

• Either a deletion, insertion or a substitution at one spot in the message.

• What are mutagens?

• Anything that can damage DNA, UV and x-ray radiation, chemicals.

• Where does translation take place?

• The ribosomes