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DNA, Chromosomes and DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus the Nucleus

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Page 1: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA, Chromosomes and the DNA, Chromosomes and the NucleusNucleus

Page 2: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA StructureDNA Structure

Page 3: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA StructureDNA Structure

What are some of the important structural features What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?of the DNA double helix?

Page 4: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA StructureDNA Structure

In addition to B-DNA In addition to B-DNA what other forms what other forms exist?exist?

Page 5: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA StructureDNA Structure

What is supercoiled DNA and what effect does it have?What is supercoiled DNA and what effect does it have? Can it occur in linear DNA molecules?Can it occur in linear DNA molecules?

Page 6: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA StructureDNA Structure

What is the difference between What is the difference between topoisomerases and DNA gyrase?topoisomerases and DNA gyrase?

How can one bring about the denaturation How can one bring about the denaturation and renaturation of DNA?and renaturation of DNA?

Page 7: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA StructureDNA Structure

Page 8: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA StructureDNA Structure

What is the DNA What is the DNA melting temperature?melting temperature?

Page 9: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

How do we define the term “genome”?How do we define the term “genome”?

How is genomic size expressed?How is genomic size expressed?

Is there a relationship between genomic size Is there a relationship between genomic size and complexity of the organism or virus?and complexity of the organism or virus?

Page 10: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

Page 11: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

What are restriction What are restriction enzymes and how enzymes and how have they helped us to have they helped us to study DNA?study DNA?

Page 12: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

How can restriction fragments be characterized?How can restriction fragments be characterized?

Page 13: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

How is restriction How is restriction mapping carried out mapping carried out and what information and what information does it provide?does it provide?

Page 14: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

How is the chain How is the chain termination method of termination method of Sanger used to Sanger used to determine the determine the sequence of a DNA sequence of a DNA molecule?molecule?

Page 15: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

What is bioinformatics and proteomics?What is bioinformatics and proteomics?

How much variation is there in the human How much variation is there in the human genome?genome?

Page 16: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

How did the work of Britten and Kohne help How did the work of Britten and Kohne help explain why eukaryotic genomes are so large?explain why eukaryotic genomes are so large?

Page 17: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

What is the difference between tandemly repeated What is the difference between tandemly repeated DNA versus interspersed repeated DNA?DNA versus interspersed repeated DNA?

Page 18: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

Genomic DNAGenomic DNA

What are the possible functions of this What are the possible functions of this tandemly repeated DNA?tandemly repeated DNA?

What about the role of this DNA What about the role of this DNA fingerprinting?fingerprinting?

in certain genetic diseases?in certain genetic diseases?

Page 19: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA PackagingDNA Packaging

How is the bacterial genome structured to fit How is the bacterial genome structured to fit inside of the small cell?inside of the small cell?

What are bacterial plasmids?What are bacterial plasmids?

Page 20: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA PackagingDNA Packaging

What is the relationship between DNA and What is the relationship between DNA and chromosomes in eukaryotic cells?chromosomes in eukaryotic cells?

What are nucleosomes?What are nucleosomes?

Page 21: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA PackagingDNA Packaging

What experimental evidence supported the What experimental evidence supported the existence of nucleosomes?existence of nucleosomes?

Page 22: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA PackagingDNA Packaging

How is the nucleosome organized? Where is the How is the nucleosome organized? Where is the H1 histone protein?H1 histone protein?

Page 23: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA PackagingDNA Packaging

How are nucleosomes How are nucleosomes packaged to form packaged to form chromosomes?chromosomes?

What is the DNA What is the DNA packing ratio?packing ratio?

Page 24: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

DNA PackagingDNA Packaging

How does mitocondrial How does mitocondrial and chloroplast DNA and chloroplast DNA compare with nuclear compare with nuclear DNA?DNA?

Page 25: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

NucleusNucleus

What do we know What do we know about nuclear about nuclear structure?structure?

Page 26: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

NucleusNucleus

What are the major What are the major features of the nuclear features of the nuclear pore complex?pore complex?

Page 27: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

NucleusNucleus

What kinds of molecules are transported across What kinds of molecules are transported across the nuclear envelope?the nuclear envelope?

Page 28: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

NucleusNucleus

How are molecules How are molecules transported across the transported across the nuclear envelope?nuclear envelope?

Page 29: DNA, Chromosomes and the Nucleus. DNA Structure  What are some of the important structural features of the DNA double helix?

NucleusNucleus

What role does the nuclear matrix serve?What role does the nuclear matrix serve?

What role does the nuclear lamina serve?What role does the nuclear lamina serve?

What is the function of the nucleolus?What is the function of the nucleolus?