diy arduino home automation i

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Smart Home Automation let the user to control the home from his or her phone

and assign actions that should happen depending on time or other sensor

readings such as light, temperature or sound from any device in the Home

Automation network.

WHAT CAN HOME AUTOMATION DO?

Increase your independence and give you greater control of your home

environment.

1.

Make it easier to communicate with your family.2.

Save you time and effort.3.

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Improve your personal safety.4.

Reduce your heating and cooling costs.5.

Increase your homes energy efficiency.6.

Alert you audibly and visually to emergency situations.7.

Allow you to monitor your home while you are away.8.

Features of our project:

Control upto four home appliances wirelessly (expandable based on free IO

pins).

1.

Monitor status of your home like temperature inside and outside of your

home,light intensity inside and outside of your home, motion (presence) on

the main entrance,LPG leak in the home and status of you main door.

2.

Open/close your main door electrically and wirelessly.3.

As the android application is password protected ,it automatically adds

security to your home as it can be controlled by the user only.

4.

Automate your indoor lightening, outdoor lightening and fan/AC to switch

ON/OFF automatically when the light intensity and temperature conditions

exceed the programmed threshold values.(This feature, we named it

“SENSOMATE”).

5.

It automatically monitor your home against LPG leaks and cases of fire.If it

detects something wrong, it automatically switches off all home appliances

instantly and immediately opens the door to let the LPG/fire exhaust off your

home.

6.

Has a “SLEEP MODE” , once activated will switch your light off and program

the motion sensor and door sensor to raise alarm if anything goes wrong.

7.

At last, as it uses Bluetooth the user can use the android phone within a

range from 10-100m .

8.

Also, there are many disabled and aged people who always depends on

others for their basic necessities. This application gives them a helping

hand. With this application, user can use the electrical appliances in his room

without moving anywhere or without seeking anyone’s help, the user himself

feels a little independent.With this application the user can monitor and operate

home appliances, make themselves feel secure with the help of motion sensor,

give alarm to the guardian at times of emergency, check indoor and outdoor

temperatures - or use this option as a digital thermometer, Enable/Disable

Automatic AC control, Enable/Disable Automatic Room light control and monitor

windows/doors.

[The project shown here is more a prototype,but it is fully tested and

working and ready to be implemented in realtime]

[Please vote for me,if you like my work.]

Step 1: What we proposed : The solution

Home automation can allow you to make the things that you need and do in your

home easier to accomplish. Perhaps you want to control your security system?

Or, perhaps you want to voice automate the lights in your home so that you can

get into bed and then turn the lights out. Or, perhaps you want to be able to

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11 3/4/2014 4:25 PM



control your sound system from any place in your home. No matter what it is you

are looking to accomplish, home automation products are probably available to

help you to make it happen. A typical home automation system allows one to

control house hold appliances from a centralized control unit. These appliances

include lights, fans, air conditioners, television sets, security cameras, electronic

doors, computer systems, audio/visual equipment, etc. These appliances usually

have to be specially designed to be compatible with each other and with the

control unit for most commercially available home automation systems.

The project Smart Home Automation, demonstrates a system that can be

integrated into a home/buildings electrical system and allows one to wirelessly

control lights, fans, and turn on or off any appliance that is plugged into a wall

outlet. The system can be controlled from a Bluetooth or Wi-Fi enabled device

such as a mobile phone or laptop, while a microcontroller powered box act as

the server. Thus the installation cost and hardware cost is kept to a minimum as

most users already own the requisite hardware such as a mobile phone and

desktop PC.

A Bluetooth dongle or a standard Wireless Access Point is used to provide

connectivity between the server and the mobile device. The system is capable of

detecting when the user enters or leaves the room by measuring the change in

environmental thermal equilibrium, and can accordingly turn on or off appliances

such as lights and fans. The power supply for each appliance is wired through

an electromechanical relay. A number of relays are used depending on the

number of appliances to be controlled. All the relays are controlled by a

microcontroller. The microcontroller based host acts as the mmain server.. The

server can also receive connections over the internet and can be controlled from

a remote location. This opens up many possibilities. For example, one could

remotely turn on the air conditioner from the office before leaving so that the

room is cool before reaching home. Home automation can range in complexity

from the simple gadgets and gizmos that provide control over individual

components to individual home sub-systems and integrated whole house

systems.

The project:

Use five sensors to monitor the state of home namely temperature, light

intensity,motion, LPG leak and door/window status.

1.

Use a host device that will be mounted on wall and will have connection to all

your home appliances like lights, fans, etc and to all the sensors.

2.

Use “ANDROID” based smartphone, tablets as the user interface and control

panel.

3.

The ANDROID client will use bluetooth to wirelessly connect to the host

device.

4.

Simply logging in the android application will grant access to the user to

control and automate his home wirelessly.

5.

Step 2: BLOCK DIAGRAM


11 3/4/2014 4:25 PM



The block diagram of the project is shown if figure above. The main heart of the

project that do all data processing and decision making is the microcontroller.

Here it serves the purpose of data acquisition from the sensors and comparing

then with the programmed values stored in the microcontrollers EEPROM and

then actuating the devices accordingly. A 16x2 character LCD is used for

displaying the messages, appliance state and sensor readings. It is directly

connected to the microcontroller in 4-bit addressable mode. Whenever a new

action or event is raised like fire alarm, LPG leak, etc it is displayed on the LCDtoo. Next we have the Bluetooth UART module connected to the serial port of

the microcontroller. It act as an access point for the android client on the another

side and logically it act as complete serial cable replacement for the serial port.

The data is exchanged serially between the two devices. A LINK status pin to

the microcontroller from the Bluetooth UART tells it that the android client is

successfully connected to the host. Next, to control two light one inside and

other outside the home , a fan/AC and a television we have four relays

connected to the microcontroller via the NPN transistor based buffer circuit. The

relays consume a lot current while being activated and the microcontroller on

any pin can source only 20mA of current so a buffer circuit is utmost

indispensable between the relay and the controller.

There are five types of sensors used in the project those are being directlyinterfaced to the microcontroller. To sense the light intensity we use two LDR

sensors that is light dependent resistors interfaced to the ADC input of the

microcontroller. To sense the temperature we used two solid state

semiconductor temperature sensors from analog devices also interfaced to the

ADC input of the microcontroller. To sense the LPG leak in the home we used

the MQ-5 LPG sensor and it is interface to the ADC input of the microcontroller.

After them, we used a hook switch to sense the door whether it is opened or

closed. This sensor is connected to the digital input of the microcontroller pulled

up externally. To sense the presence and motion we used the PIR (Pyroelectric

InfraRed) sensor that has a digital output and it is also connected to the digital

input of the microcontroller pulled up externally. The main door is driven by the

geared DC motor and as it has to close and open the door, it has to be moved

bi-direcionally. To do so, we used the NPN transistor based H-bridgebidirectional motor driver circuit interfaced to the digital output of the

microcontroller. The microcontroller can digitally control the motion and direction

of the motor to open and close the door. A software feedback is implemented

between the motor and the door hook sensor output so that when the door

reaches its max position and is being shut the motor stops driving the motor to

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prevent any damage.

Step 3: The Circuit Diagram

The circuit diagram of the project is shown above in figure above. The starting

from the power supply section, we have the 9V AC input from the secondary

output of the transformer. This is the fed to the bridge rectification section that

converts AC supply into DC supply. This is done by four 1N4007, 1 A diodes in

bridge configuration. Then on the DC output of this section a large capacitor

(1000uF, 16V) and another small 100nF capacitor is there to filter the DC supply

and remove off all AC components from it. This is because here we are

operating pre digital circuitry that fails to operate on unregulated and unfiltered

supply. After the DC supply is being filtered as it is unregulated is turned into a

regulated 5V DC supply using LM7805 regulator. Again after that a small 100nF

capacitor is there to f ilter the regulated DC supply. A regulated 3.3 volt supply is

also derived from another regulator that is the UA78M33 whose input is fed from

the regulated 5V output of the LM7805 voltage regulator. Regulated 5 volt

supply is needed to drive the microcontroller, relays and all the sensors, while a

regulated 3.3 volt is required by the Bluetooth UART module to operate. After

that the regulated supply is fed to all the sensors ,relays and the microcontroller.

There are five types of sensors used in the project those are being directly

interfaced to the microcontroller. To sense the light intensity we use two LDR

sensors that is light dependent resistors interfaced to the ADC input of the

microcontroller. One pin of the LDR is connected to Vcc via a 330K resistor and

other tied to ground. This creates a potential difference in between of the circuit

and is fed to pin A.3 and A.2 of the microcontroller respectively. To sense the

temperature we used two solid state semiconductor temperature sensors from

analog devices also interfaced to the ADC input of the microcontroller. The two

pins are connected to the power supply to power the sensors and the third pin is

the output pin is connected to the ADC7 and ADC6 channel of the

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microcontroller. To sense the LPG leak in the home we used the MQ-5 LPG

sensor and it is interface to the ADC5 channel input of the microcontroller. When

an LPG leak is detected the output of the LPG sensor decrease gradually and

that is being sensed by the ADC of the microcontroller. After them, we used a

hook switch to sense the door whether it is opened or closed. This sensor is

connected to the digital input pin D.7 of the microcontroller pulled up

externally.Whe the door is closed, the hook switch is closed and the output is

logic low as it bypasses the ground. When the door is open, the hool switch is

also open and it bypasses logic1 throught 10k resistor to the output. To sense

the presence and motion we used the PIR (Pyroelectric InfraRed) sensor that

has a digital output and it is also connected to the digital input (pinA.4) of the

microcontroller pulled up externally. When a motion is detected ,the output goes

high for a few seconds and comes back to low in case of absence of motion.

The main door is driven by the geared DC motor and as it has to close and open

the door, it has to be moved bi-direcionally. To do so, we used the four BC107

NPN transistor based H-bridge bidirectional motor driver circuit interfaced to the

digital output of the microcontroller. The microcontroller can digitally control the

motion and direction of the motor to open and close the door. To display

messages and sensor values a 16x2 character LCD is used in 4 bit mode to

portB of the microcontroller.

The H-bridge circuit is used to drive a DC motor in both the directions. It can

also use relays to function but here we used the BJT based one. It comprises of

four BC107 NPN transistors as shown in figure 2. The two transistor T1 and T2

are in series and those T3 and T4 are also in series. The base of all four

transistors are protected y current limiting resistors R1-R4. The prevent

damaging the transistors. The base signals of T1 and T4 are the same and that

of T3 and T2 are also the same. The operation is simple that when Sig1 is logic

1 and Sig 2 is logic 0, it will turn ON T1 and T4 and will turn the motor in one

direction same if we reverse the input logics, the motor will go in reverse

direction. All four transistors are used as simple switches here.

Step 4: 5 PCB FOR THE PROJECT

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11 3/4/2014 4:25 PM



The PCB for the project is designed in EAGLE layout designer. The schematic is

designed in the schematic editor and the board is designed in the board editor.

The simple TONER TRANSFER METHOD is used here to develop PCB at

home.

PCB.zip (/files/orig/FW1/2S8J/HQBBDL73/FW12S8JHQBBDL73.zip)158 KB

Step 5: Microcontroller code and algorithm used !!

The algorithm that is driving the code on the microcontroller is a multi-tasking

algorithm. It has three basic functions, first is the main function to read all

sensors and actuate the actuators according to the programmed threshold

values. Next is the timely updating of the LCD display and the transmission of

encoded string serially to the android client if the android client is present. The

last task is to check the input serial buffer for commands from the android client

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11 3/4/2014 4:25 PM



and process them accordingly.

When the microcontroller is powered up it reads the eeprom for recovery of all

programmed sensomate values and device states that whether which device

was ON/OFF the last time the power failed. Then after recovery, it read all the

sensor readings and process them accordingly in meaningfull values. After that

the microcontroller checks the sensor readings against the programmed

sensomate values and turns ON/OFF the appliances accordingly. The checking

of fire occurance and LPG leak is done here in this main loop only. If there is a

sign of fire or LPG leak, the microcontroller automatically switches off all the

appliances and open the door to exhaust the gases and reduce emergency

cricality. The sleep mode is also processed here in this loop. If the sleep mode is

activated and motion is detected or someone open the door, the alarm fires and

alert the user.

In the second loop, the microcontroller runs timer0 in interrupt mode and approx

every 1.5 seconds it updates the LCD for sensor values and device states. The

presence of the Bluetooth link is also displayed here. Also the microcontroller

sends the encoded system status in a string serially to the bluetooth UART if the

link is present. It is done every 0.8 second approximately. This loop is repeated

infinitely as that of the main loop.

The third section programs the serial receive complete interrupt and thus

whenever a serial command is received from the android client, it processes it

here and actuate the command. This is again an infinite procedure and

microcontroller keeps on sensing the arrival of new command.

The transmission and reception of commands to and from the android client is

done wholesomely in ASCII code.

Microcontroller code_FINAL.zip (/files/orig/FKE/GNRR/HQBBDL50

/FKEGNRRHQBBDL50.zip)45 KB

Step 6: The Android Application

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The application for the android smartphone is wriiten completely in

BASIC4ANDROID. BASIC4ANDROID is a BASIC high level language.

Basic4android is a simple yet powerful development environment that targets

Android devices.

Basic4android language is similar to Visual Basic language with additional

support for objects.Basic4android compiled applications are native Android

applications, there are no extra runtimes or dependencies. Unlike other IDEs

Basic4android is 100% focused on Android development. Basic4android

includes a powerful GUI designer with built-in support for multiple screens and

orientations. No XML writing is required. You can develop and debug with the

Android emulator or with a real device (USB connected or over the local

network). Basic4android has a rich set of libraries that make it easy to develop

advanced applications.

The android application so designed is fully applicable of controlling your home.

There are a total of six screens including the screen containing the authors

name. The application is a little bit voice acknowledged. Whenever you click on

the help menus, it tells you about the particular with the voice acknowledgemnt

too.

FIG 1 This screen displays a boot animation on startup when you click the

Smarthome application icon. Along with the animation, an audio message and

welcome can be heared in the background.

FIG 2 This is the manual appliance control screen. Here you can manually turn

ON/OFF each appliance individually or can simultaneously switch all ON/OFF in

one go.

The particular device so controlled manually will disable its sensomate feature

automatically. The button label shown in blue shows the status of the device.

FIG 3 This is the sensors monitoring window. From here you can see all the

sensor readings and also save them in a text file in the ROOT/smarthome folder

of your android smartphone. You can activate/deactivate the sleep mode from

here only.

FIG 4 With this window ,you can check the status of your door whether it is

open/close. You can also open or close the door from here.

FIG 5,6 From this Sensomate (Sense and automate) window, you can program

the threshold values for your two lights and fan. You can also program your

motion sensor to raise an alarm if it detects a motion.

FIG 7 This is the settings window. From here you can turn Bluetooth ON/OFF

manually. You can manually connect to the android host from the paired list. You

can change the login password here and program the threshold value for the fire

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11 3/4/2014 4:25 PM



Make Comment

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/KOTSOS5/)

12 days ago Reply (CR2TUT6HRTWK1MZ)

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16 days ago Reply (CXF80NUHRPNA0Y5)

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13 days ago Reply (CTUKSLTHRS60J5E)

alarm to raise.

FIG 8 This screen displays the author involved in developing the application.

The android app currently supports 320x240 resolution screens,but with a

simple designer code script it can be modified to suit any screen size.

App.7z (/files/orig/FST/W5MO/HQBE5NHJ/FSTW5MOHQBE5NHJ.7z)6 MB

KOTSOS5 (/member/KOTSOS5/)

Perfect! Too bad you didn’t use Arduino. I mean I know this project can be done

with Arduino since it uses ATmega chip, but too bad i don’t have the programming

skills to do it, thank you anyways your instructable was very educational.

mxain (/member/mxain/)

Which microcontroller is used in this project??

abhishek7xavier (/member/abhishek7xavier/) (author) mxain

ATMEA16 ,u can also use

ATMEGA32/64

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