DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGAISM

DIVERSITY INLIVING ORGANISMTOPIC:- Animalia (vertebrate-nomenclature)

Classification of organism 1.MoneraEukaryotes (Unicellular)2.ProtistaEukaryotes (multicellular)With cell wall 3. Fungi4. Plantae

Without cell wall5. Animalia Prokaryotes

What is Animalia?Animalia includes multicellular, non-green eukaryotes . They are heterotrophic. The stored food is Glycogen and Fats. The Cell wall is absent. Animals show limited growth which stops after maturity. Kingdom of Animalia is further classified as Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthopoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata , Protochordata and Vertebrata .

vertebrataNotochords is present in the embryo, in adults it is replaced by vertebrates.Nerve chord is divided into brain and spinal cord.Brain is enclosed in a brain box or cranium.Body is divided into Head, thorax, and abdomen. Body has two pair of fins or limbs.Gills either present throughout life or by lungs.

Division of vertebrata

1. PiscesThese are Cold-blooded, Exclusively Aquatic Vertebrates.The body is streamlined.They have paired appendix in the form of Fins. Fins help in swimming and balancing in water.Respiration is by five pair of Gills.The Hear is two chambered having one Auricle and one Ventricle.Skin is Slimy and may be covered with Scales.

Examples of Pisces

2. AmphibiaCold-Blooded animals that live on land as well as waterBody is differentiated into Head, Trunk and Tail. Neck is absent.Body has two pair of limbs (Tetrapoda).Limbs are pentadactyl ( 5 fingers ).Skin is moist, glandular, and without scales.Respiratory organ may be Gills, Lungs, or Skin or Mouth lining.Heart is three chambered with two auricles and one ventricle.

Examples of amphibia

3. ReptiliaCold-Blooded animals adapted to live on Dry Land.Body is differentiated into head, neck, trunk and tail.Limbs two pairs, Clawed and Pentadactyl.Skin is Dry and covered with Scales.Respiration with the help of Lungs.Heart with two Auricles and two Ventricles, partially divided by a Septum.Eggs are Large, Yolky and Shelled.

Example of reptilia

4. AvesWarm-Blooded and Bipedal Vertebrates adapted for Aerial mode of life.Feather are present all over the Body.The Forelimbs are modified into Wings. The Hind Limbs are modified to Bear the Body Weight and are adapted for Walking, Swimming or Perching and bear claws.Bones are Light and Spongy due to the presence of Air Cavities.Jaws are produced into a Horny Beak. Teeth are Present.Neck is Extremely Flexible.Heart is Four Chambered with Two Auricles and Two Ventricles.Eggs are Large, Yolky and Shelled, Fertilization Internal.

Example of aves

5. MammaliaMammals ( Latin origin mean Breast ) are Warm-Blooded and most highly Evolved Animals.Body covered with Skin Bearing Hair, Sweat Glands and Sebaceous or Oil Glands.Possess Milk-Producing Mammary Glands for Nourishment of young ones.Possess external Ear or PinnaTwo pair of Limbs presentHeart is four chambered with two Auricles and two Ventricles.Most of the mammal produce Young Ones except Platypus and Echidna that lay Eggs

Examples of Mammalia

What is nomenclature?Nomenclatureis asystemofnamesor terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.The principles of naming vary from the relatively informalconventionsof everyday speech to the internationally agreed principles, rules and recommendations that govern the formation and use of the specialist terms used in scientific and other disciplines.

What is Binomial nomenclatureBinomial nomenclature(also called binominal nomenclatureor binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.

Rules followed while writing scientific namesThe name of Genus begin with a upper case letter.The name of the species begin with lower case letter.When printed, the scientific name is given in italics.When written by hands, the genus name and the species name have to be underlined separately

Example:- Canis lupus familiaris(Printed), Lumbricina(written).

Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus ( 23 May 1707 10 January 1778) was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern biological naming scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology. Many of his writings were in Latin. Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Smland, in southern Sweden.

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