DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT

BEMETARA (Chhattisgarh) AS PER NOTIFICATION NO SO 141(E) NEW

DELHI 15TH JANUARY 2016 OF MINISTRY OF

ENVIRONMENT FOREST AND CLIMATE

CHANGE

2016

DGM [Type the company name]

04062016

DIRECTORATE OF GEOLOGY AND MINING

MINERAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

Govt of Chhattisgarh

1

Note

The information provided in this report has been prepared from the existing and

latest data collected from the concerned authorities Although utmost care has been

taken during editing and printing still there may be some minor corrections for

which the Directorate of Geology amp Mining Regional office Raipur

SonakhanBhawan cannot be held responsible The queries in this regard are most

welcome by the concerned office

2

3

LOCATION MAP

4

1- INTRODUCTION

The Bemetara district is one of thenewely formed district of Chhattisgarh states

which formed on 1st January 2012 from the separation of Durg District The

District is moderately populated and situated in the central part of the Chhattisgarh

State covers an area of 285481sq km It falls in Survey of India Degree Sheet Nos

64F and 64G bounded by latitude 21deg22 to 22deg03 N and longitude 81deg07 to 81deg55

E It is surrounded by Durg districts in the south RajnandgaonampKabirdham

District in the west Mungeli districts in the north and Baloda-bazar amp Raipur

district in the East

Bemetara is the district headquarters and is well connected by road and railway

National Highway No 12A and connects Bemetara with Kabirdham Bemetara is

also connected by road with Raipur Baloda-Bazar Kabirdham and Durg with the

other important towns in the district

Acording to NotificationofEnvironment Forest and Climate Change

MinistryGoverment of India dated15 January 2016 as prescribed in Para 7(iii) and

Annexure (x)District Survey Report has been prepared

District Survey report will be prepared in every district for Sand mining or River

bed mining and other small minerals mining The main purpose of preparation of

district survey report is to identify the land increase or depositional areas and its

infrastructure Structure and installation distance from where the mining is

prohibited and recalculation of annual replenishment and time required for

replenishment after mining

5

This District Survey report contains mainly Geology Mineral wealth details of

rivers Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining

and revenue of minerals

This report also contains details of Forest Rivers Soil Agriculture Road

Transportation climate etc

The district survey report will be based for evaluation of the application for project

and environment clearance of mining activity in the district

6

2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District

BemetaraDistrict is important district for Limestone depositinChhattisgarhThe

Minor Mineral is Low grade Limestons Sandstone Quartzite Soil Riversandare

also found inhuge quantity

Cement Grade LimestoneDolomite occur in thewhole district

Total 4 Quarry Leases are given in the district for limestone

Total 34 Quarry Leases are given in the district for soil for making bricks in kiln at

different villages

Out of 31 newelydeclated minor minerals lease for 1 have been granted for

limestone and 27 for dolomite

33 Ret Ghatfor sand mining on the bank of Shivnath Kharun and Tandula rivers

have been leased out at different villages for sand mining 2 Mining Leases for

runner mounding sand have also been granted at Amti and Thanaud and

Karhidihvillage

Approximately 43026033 lakh Rupees royalty is earned all minerals in the district

out of which 900 lakh from major and 42126033 from minor minerals during the

year 2015-16

7

State Government is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all

district like PachriNirman Dams Over bridge Anicuton riversnala approach

roads etc all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge

quantity in the district

8

3 List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location area

and period of validity

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

1

Note

The information provided in this report has been prepared from the existing and

latest data collected from the concerned authorities Although utmost care has been

taken during editing and printing still there may be some minor corrections for

which the Directorate of Geology amp Mining Regional office Raipur

SonakhanBhawan cannot be held responsible The queries in this regard are most

welcome by the concerned office

2

3

LOCATION MAP

4

1- INTRODUCTION

The Bemetara district is one of thenewely formed district of Chhattisgarh states

which formed on 1st January 2012 from the separation of Durg District The

District is moderately populated and situated in the central part of the Chhattisgarh

State covers an area of 285481sq km It falls in Survey of India Degree Sheet Nos

64F and 64G bounded by latitude 21deg22 to 22deg03 N and longitude 81deg07 to 81deg55

E It is surrounded by Durg districts in the south RajnandgaonampKabirdham

District in the west Mungeli districts in the north and Baloda-bazar amp Raipur

district in the East

Bemetara is the district headquarters and is well connected by road and railway

National Highway No 12A and connects Bemetara with Kabirdham Bemetara is

also connected by road with Raipur Baloda-Bazar Kabirdham and Durg with the

other important towns in the district

Acording to NotificationofEnvironment Forest and Climate Change

MinistryGoverment of India dated15 January 2016 as prescribed in Para 7(iii) and

Annexure (x)District Survey Report has been prepared

District Survey report will be prepared in every district for Sand mining or River

bed mining and other small minerals mining The main purpose of preparation of

district survey report is to identify the land increase or depositional areas and its

infrastructure Structure and installation distance from where the mining is

prohibited and recalculation of annual replenishment and time required for

replenishment after mining

5

This District Survey report contains mainly Geology Mineral wealth details of

rivers Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining

and revenue of minerals

This report also contains details of Forest Rivers Soil Agriculture Road

Transportation climate etc

The district survey report will be based for evaluation of the application for project

and environment clearance of mining activity in the district

6

2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District

BemetaraDistrict is important district for Limestone depositinChhattisgarhThe

Minor Mineral is Low grade Limestons Sandstone Quartzite Soil Riversandare

also found inhuge quantity

Cement Grade LimestoneDolomite occur in thewhole district

Total 4 Quarry Leases are given in the district for limestone

Total 34 Quarry Leases are given in the district for soil for making bricks in kiln at

different villages

Out of 31 newelydeclated minor minerals lease for 1 have been granted for

limestone and 27 for dolomite

33 Ret Ghatfor sand mining on the bank of Shivnath Kharun and Tandula rivers

have been leased out at different villages for sand mining 2 Mining Leases for

runner mounding sand have also been granted at Amti and Thanaud and

Karhidihvillage

Approximately 43026033 lakh Rupees royalty is earned all minerals in the district

out of which 900 lakh from major and 42126033 from minor minerals during the

year 2015-16

7

State Government is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all

district like PachriNirman Dams Over bridge Anicuton riversnala approach

roads etc all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge

quantity in the district

8

3 List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location area

and period of validity

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

2

3

LOCATION MAP

4

1- INTRODUCTION

The Bemetara district is one of thenewely formed district of Chhattisgarh states

which formed on 1st January 2012 from the separation of Durg District The

District is moderately populated and situated in the central part of the Chhattisgarh

State covers an area of 285481sq km It falls in Survey of India Degree Sheet Nos

64F and 64G bounded by latitude 21deg22 to 22deg03 N and longitude 81deg07 to 81deg55

E It is surrounded by Durg districts in the south RajnandgaonampKabirdham

District in the west Mungeli districts in the north and Baloda-bazar amp Raipur

district in the East

Bemetara is the district headquarters and is well connected by road and railway

National Highway No 12A and connects Bemetara with Kabirdham Bemetara is

also connected by road with Raipur Baloda-Bazar Kabirdham and Durg with the

other important towns in the district

Acording to NotificationofEnvironment Forest and Climate Change

MinistryGoverment of India dated15 January 2016 as prescribed in Para 7(iii) and

Annexure (x)District Survey Report has been prepared

District Survey report will be prepared in every district for Sand mining or River

bed mining and other small minerals mining The main purpose of preparation of

district survey report is to identify the land increase or depositional areas and its

infrastructure Structure and installation distance from where the mining is

prohibited and recalculation of annual replenishment and time required for

replenishment after mining

5

This District Survey report contains mainly Geology Mineral wealth details of

rivers Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining

and revenue of minerals

This report also contains details of Forest Rivers Soil Agriculture Road

Transportation climate etc

The district survey report will be based for evaluation of the application for project

and environment clearance of mining activity in the district

6

2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District

BemetaraDistrict is important district for Limestone depositinChhattisgarhThe

Minor Mineral is Low grade Limestons Sandstone Quartzite Soil Riversandare

also found inhuge quantity

Cement Grade LimestoneDolomite occur in thewhole district

Total 4 Quarry Leases are given in the district for limestone

Total 34 Quarry Leases are given in the district for soil for making bricks in kiln at

different villages

Out of 31 newelydeclated minor minerals lease for 1 have been granted for

limestone and 27 for dolomite

33 Ret Ghatfor sand mining on the bank of Shivnath Kharun and Tandula rivers

have been leased out at different villages for sand mining 2 Mining Leases for

runner mounding sand have also been granted at Amti and Thanaud and

Karhidihvillage

Approximately 43026033 lakh Rupees royalty is earned all minerals in the district

out of which 900 lakh from major and 42126033 from minor minerals during the

year 2015-16

7

State Government is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all

district like PachriNirman Dams Over bridge Anicuton riversnala approach

roads etc all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge

quantity in the district

8

3 List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location area

and period of validity

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

3

LOCATION MAP

4

1- INTRODUCTION

The Bemetara district is one of thenewely formed district of Chhattisgarh states

which formed on 1st January 2012 from the separation of Durg District The

District is moderately populated and situated in the central part of the Chhattisgarh

State covers an area of 285481sq km It falls in Survey of India Degree Sheet Nos

64F and 64G bounded by latitude 21deg22 to 22deg03 N and longitude 81deg07 to 81deg55

E It is surrounded by Durg districts in the south RajnandgaonampKabirdham

District in the west Mungeli districts in the north and Baloda-bazar amp Raipur

district in the East

Bemetara is the district headquarters and is well connected by road and railway

National Highway No 12A and connects Bemetara with Kabirdham Bemetara is

also connected by road with Raipur Baloda-Bazar Kabirdham and Durg with the

other important towns in the district

Acording to NotificationofEnvironment Forest and Climate Change

MinistryGoverment of India dated15 January 2016 as prescribed in Para 7(iii) and

Annexure (x)District Survey Report has been prepared

District Survey report will be prepared in every district for Sand mining or River

bed mining and other small minerals mining The main purpose of preparation of

district survey report is to identify the land increase or depositional areas and its

infrastructure Structure and installation distance from where the mining is

prohibited and recalculation of annual replenishment and time required for

replenishment after mining

5

This District Survey report contains mainly Geology Mineral wealth details of

rivers Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining

and revenue of minerals

This report also contains details of Forest Rivers Soil Agriculture Road

Transportation climate etc

The district survey report will be based for evaluation of the application for project

and environment clearance of mining activity in the district

6

2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District

BemetaraDistrict is important district for Limestone depositinChhattisgarhThe

Minor Mineral is Low grade Limestons Sandstone Quartzite Soil Riversandare

also found inhuge quantity

Cement Grade LimestoneDolomite occur in thewhole district

Total 4 Quarry Leases are given in the district for limestone

Total 34 Quarry Leases are given in the district for soil for making bricks in kiln at

different villages

Out of 31 newelydeclated minor minerals lease for 1 have been granted for

limestone and 27 for dolomite

33 Ret Ghatfor sand mining on the bank of Shivnath Kharun and Tandula rivers

have been leased out at different villages for sand mining 2 Mining Leases for

runner mounding sand have also been granted at Amti and Thanaud and

Karhidihvillage

Approximately 43026033 lakh Rupees royalty is earned all minerals in the district

out of which 900 lakh from major and 42126033 from minor minerals during the

year 2015-16

7

State Government is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all

district like PachriNirman Dams Over bridge Anicuton riversnala approach

roads etc all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge

quantity in the district

8

3 List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location area

and period of validity

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

4

1- INTRODUCTION

The Bemetara district is one of thenewely formed district of Chhattisgarh states

which formed on 1st January 2012 from the separation of Durg District The

District is moderately populated and situated in the central part of the Chhattisgarh

State covers an area of 285481sq km It falls in Survey of India Degree Sheet Nos

64F and 64G bounded by latitude 21deg22 to 22deg03 N and longitude 81deg07 to 81deg55

E It is surrounded by Durg districts in the south RajnandgaonampKabirdham

District in the west Mungeli districts in the north and Baloda-bazar amp Raipur

district in the East

Bemetara is the district headquarters and is well connected by road and railway

National Highway No 12A and connects Bemetara with Kabirdham Bemetara is

also connected by road with Raipur Baloda-Bazar Kabirdham and Durg with the

other important towns in the district

Acording to NotificationofEnvironment Forest and Climate Change

MinistryGoverment of India dated15 January 2016 as prescribed in Para 7(iii) and

Annexure (x)District Survey Report has been prepared

District Survey report will be prepared in every district for Sand mining or River

bed mining and other small minerals mining The main purpose of preparation of

district survey report is to identify the land increase or depositional areas and its

infrastructure Structure and installation distance from where the mining is

prohibited and recalculation of annual replenishment and time required for

replenishment after mining

5

This District Survey report contains mainly Geology Mineral wealth details of

rivers Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining

and revenue of minerals

This report also contains details of Forest Rivers Soil Agriculture Road

Transportation climate etc

The district survey report will be based for evaluation of the application for project

and environment clearance of mining activity in the district

6

2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District

BemetaraDistrict is important district for Limestone depositinChhattisgarhThe

Minor Mineral is Low grade Limestons Sandstone Quartzite Soil Riversandare

also found inhuge quantity

Cement Grade LimestoneDolomite occur in thewhole district

Total 4 Quarry Leases are given in the district for limestone

Total 34 Quarry Leases are given in the district for soil for making bricks in kiln at

different villages

Out of 31 newelydeclated minor minerals lease for 1 have been granted for

limestone and 27 for dolomite

33 Ret Ghatfor sand mining on the bank of Shivnath Kharun and Tandula rivers

have been leased out at different villages for sand mining 2 Mining Leases for

runner mounding sand have also been granted at Amti and Thanaud and

Karhidihvillage

Approximately 43026033 lakh Rupees royalty is earned all minerals in the district

out of which 900 lakh from major and 42126033 from minor minerals during the

year 2015-16

7

State Government is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all

district like PachriNirman Dams Over bridge Anicuton riversnala approach

roads etc all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge

quantity in the district

8

3 List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location area

and period of validity

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

5

This District Survey report contains mainly Geology Mineral wealth details of

rivers Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining

and revenue of minerals

This report also contains details of Forest Rivers Soil Agriculture Road

Transportation climate etc

The district survey report will be based for evaluation of the application for project

and environment clearance of mining activity in the district

6

2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District

BemetaraDistrict is important district for Limestone depositinChhattisgarhThe

Minor Mineral is Low grade Limestons Sandstone Quartzite Soil Riversandare

also found inhuge quantity

Cement Grade LimestoneDolomite occur in thewhole district

Total 4 Quarry Leases are given in the district for limestone

Total 34 Quarry Leases are given in the district for soil for making bricks in kiln at

different villages

Out of 31 newelydeclated minor minerals lease for 1 have been granted for

limestone and 27 for dolomite

33 Ret Ghatfor sand mining on the bank of Shivnath Kharun and Tandula rivers

have been leased out at different villages for sand mining 2 Mining Leases for

runner mounding sand have also been granted at Amti and Thanaud and

Karhidihvillage

Approximately 43026033 lakh Rupees royalty is earned all minerals in the district

out of which 900 lakh from major and 42126033 from minor minerals during the

year 2015-16

7

State Government is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all

district like PachriNirman Dams Over bridge Anicuton riversnala approach

roads etc all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge

quantity in the district

8

3 List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location area

and period of validity

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

6

2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District

BemetaraDistrict is important district for Limestone depositinChhattisgarhThe

Minor Mineral is Low grade Limestons Sandstone Quartzite Soil Riversandare

also found inhuge quantity

Cement Grade LimestoneDolomite occur in thewhole district

Total 4 Quarry Leases are given in the district for limestone

Total 34 Quarry Leases are given in the district for soil for making bricks in kiln at

different villages

Out of 31 newelydeclated minor minerals lease for 1 have been granted for

limestone and 27 for dolomite

33 Ret Ghatfor sand mining on the bank of Shivnath Kharun and Tandula rivers

have been leased out at different villages for sand mining 2 Mining Leases for

runner mounding sand have also been granted at Amti and Thanaud and

Karhidihvillage

Approximately 43026033 lakh Rupees royalty is earned all minerals in the district

out of which 900 lakh from major and 42126033 from minor minerals during the

year 2015-16

7

State Government is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all

district like PachriNirman Dams Over bridge Anicuton riversnala approach

roads etc all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge

quantity in the district

8

3 List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location area

and period of validity

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

7

State Government is carrying on various Infrastructure development projects in all

district like PachriNirman Dams Over bridge Anicuton riversnala approach

roads etc all above civil works require Sand in different site which is in huge

quantity in the district

8

3 List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location area

and period of validity

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

8

3 List of Mining Leases and Sand in the District with location area

and period of validity

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

11

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

12

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

13

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

14

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

15

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

16

ftyss dh jsr [knkuksa dh lwph amp

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

17

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

18

4 Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Major Minerals

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year Major Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 115556982 154624130 259409159

2 Quartzite 694597 240000 NA

3 Moulding Sand 80000 127000 606620

Total - 116331579 154991130 260015779

Note - Quartzite Mineral is decleared Minor Mineral wef notification dated 10022015

Details of Royalty or Revenue Received in Last Three Year

Minor Minerals

Minor Minerals

SNo Mineral Royalty or Revenue Received

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1 Limestone 1334700 2333000 2385614

2 Flagstone 2021150 2497800 3584557

3 Ordinary Stone 745887 83000 135100

4 Murum 108000 1518692 3277000

5 Soil 572360 538720 354280

Total - 4782097 6971212 9736551

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

19

5 Details of Production of Sand or Bajari in last three years

frac14vfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand SNo Financial year Royalty Received in Rs

1 2013-14 11504

2 2014-15 12539

3 2015-16 7356

5- fiNysrhuokksZ ds nkSjkujsrlsizkIrLokfeLo k jktLo ds CkSjsamp

frac14cfrac12Details of Production amp Royalty of Sand in in Last Three Year

Ordinary Sand

SNo Financial year Production of Sand (in Cm)

1 2013-14 230085

2 2014-15 250773

3 2015-16 147125

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

20

6 PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

Sendimentation of rivers of District

6- Process of river sedimentation-

What is erosion

Erosion is natural process wathering corrosion or abrasion can reduce a material

into smaller particles Normally these smaller units are relocated by water wing

ice or man Erosion removes tosoil organic material and other valuable resources

What is sedimentation

Once a material is broken free of the larger mass it can be carried away and

deposited elsewhere This process of depositing eroded material is known as

sedimentation Some indications of sedimentation are sand dunes mud in the street

around drains and decreased water holding capacity of stream reservoir or pond

Why should we be concerned about erosion and sedimentation

Sediment is responsible for more stream and river degardation than any other

pollutant Deposits of sediments in ditches streams and rivers reduce their

capacity to store water resulting in more frequent and severe flooding and

increased property damage Accumulations of sediment may result in severe

damage to storm drain systers Many millions of dollars are spent each year to

dredge our state waterways to remove sediments from storm drain systerms

reseroirs and water treatment plants and to repair flood damage

Sediment in streams and rivers causes the most damage to aduatic life by severely

impacting aquatic animal habitats and degrading water quality Areas needed for

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

21

reproduction and food sources are destroyed when fine silts cover the sand and

gravel streambed Decreased clarity of the water prevents sunlight from reaching

plants resulting in loss of aquatic plant communities The result is a reduction in

the number and variety of fish and other aquatic life This impact ofter can see for

many miles downstream

Process-

Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy they do stuff The

obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but besides this they also

transport load erode load and erode the channel through which they flow Erosion

Erosion is the breaking down of material by an agent In the case of a river the

agent is water The water can erode the riverrsquos channel and the riverrsquos load A

riverrsquos load is bits of eroded material generally rocks which the river transports

until it deposits its load A riverrsquos channel is eroded laterally and vertically making

the channel wider and deeper The intensity of lateral and vertical erosion is

dictated by the stage in the riverrsquos course discussed in more detail here but

essentially in the upper stage of the riverrsquos course (close to the source of the river)

there is little horizontal erosion and lots of vertical erosion In the middle and

lower stages vertical erosion is reduced and more horizontal erosion takes place

There are several different ways that a river erodes its bed and banks The first is

hydraulic action where the force of the water removes rock particles from the bed

and banks This type of erosion is strongest at rapids and waterfalls where the

water has a high velocity The next type of erosion is corrasion This is where the

riverrsquos load acts almost like sandpaper removing pieces of rock as the load rubs

against the bed amp banks This sort of erosion is strongest when the river is

transporting large chunks of rock or after heavy rainfall when the riverrsquos flow is

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

22

turbulent Corrosion is a special type of erosion that only affects certain types of

rocks Water being ever so slightly acidic will react with certain rocks and

dissolve them Corrosion is highly effective if the rock type of the channel is chalk

or limestone (anything containing calcium carbonate) otherwise it doesnrsquot have

much of an effect Cavitation is an interesting method of erosion Air bubbles

trapped in the water get compressed into small spaces like cracks in the riverrsquos

banks These bubbles eventually implode creating a small shockwave that weakens

the rocks The shockwaves are very weak but over time the rock will be weakened

to the point at which it falls apart The final type of erosion is attrition Attrition is

a way of eroding the riverrsquos load not the bed and banks Attrition is where pieces

of rock in the riverrsquos load knock together breaking chunks of rock off of one

another and gradually rounding and shrinking the load Transportation when a river

erodes the eroded material becomes the riverrsquos load and the river will then

transport this load through its course until it deposits the load There are a few

different ways that a river will transport load depending on how much energy the

river has and how big the load is The largest of particles such as boulders are

transported by traction These particles are rolled along the bed of the river

eroding the bed and the particles in the process because the river doesnrsquot have

enough energy to move these large particles in any other way Slightly smaller

particles such as pebbles and gravel are transported by saltation This is where the

load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift

the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension

Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension they are suspended in

the water Most of a riverrsquos load is transported by suspension Solution is a special

method of transportation This is where particles are dissolved into the water so

only rocks that are soluble such as limestone or chalk can be transported in

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

23

solution Capacity amp Competence Rivers can only carry so much load depending

on their energy The maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific

point in its course is called the riverrsquos capacity The biggest sized particle that a

river could carry at a specific point is called the riverrsquos competence Deposition to

transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river loses energy it is forced

to deposit its load There are several reasons why a river could lose energy If the

riverrsquos discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isnrsquot flowing

as quickly anymore This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an

increase in evaporation Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also

reduce its discharge forcing it deposit its load If the gradient of the riverrsquos course

flattens out the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower

When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is

generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy As rivers get

nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide gentle sided valleys The

channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from

its tributaries As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material This

material will be small in size as larger rocks will have broken up on their way

from the mountains Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will

erode the river banks by abrasion When rivers flow over flatter land they develop

large bends called meanders As a river goes around a bend most of the water is

pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion The river is now eroding

sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed a process called lateral

erosion On the inside of the bend in contrast there is much less water The river

will therefore be shallow and slow-flowing It cannot carry as much material and

so sand and shingle will be deposited This is called a point bar or slip off slope

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside the shape of a

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

24

meander will change over a period of time Notice how erosion narrows the neck

of the land within the meander In time and usually during a flood the river will

cut right through the neck The river will then take the new shorter route The

fastest current called the thalweg will now tend to be in the centre of the river

and so deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks Eventually

deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake The oxbow lake

will slowly dry up only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood Streams lose

velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases when the volume of

water decreases when there is an increase in cross section when they encounter

obstructions or when they enter still water They deposit alluvial fans alluvial

cones piedmont alluvial plains channel fill bars flood plains and deltas

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

25

7 General Profile of the District

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and

Kawardha by roadwaysNH-30 passes through the heart of city which is one of the

buissiest road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the

major city of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing

through Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara ndash Mungeli

History

Comparatively a new district in Chhattisgarh India Bemetara district was

established as tahsil in the year 1907 along with the Mungeli (Bilaspur region)

This region is coloured by ever-widening importance in history since the time it

had been established However it is largest town amongst other town in the

scenario of land and population Owing to its suitability to being a district of

Chhattisgarh it had to wait to call upon since Kawardha has integrated

Conversely the Chhattisgarh government has realised its importance in central

CG Bemetara is an attractive tourist destination as villages like Bataar Mohbhatta

and Khamhariya are famous for their temples and lakes

dzekad

1 ftysdkdqyHkkSxksfy

d ks=Qy

2854-81 oxZfd-eh

2 vkkak oanskkak mRrjesa 21 22΄ ls 22003΄ mRrjhvkkaklsiwoZesa 81 07΄ ls81

055΄iwohZ nskakrj

3 leqnzrylsAringpkbZ 317 eh- vkSlr

4 vkSlrokkZ 2013-14 1234fe-eh- okfkZd

2014-15 1121-40fe-eh- okfkZd

2015-16 957-82fe-eh- okfkZd

5 rkieku vfkdreamp 48lsUVhxzsM

Uqureamp10lsUVhxzsM

26

6 ou ks=Qy

ljafkrou ks=gsDV- vkjfkrou ks= gsDV- voxhZd`rou

ks=gsDV-

dqyouks=

fujad fujad fujad fujad

7 unh rFkkukys River Shivnath Kharun Hanf Sakari SurahiampPhonk river

8 ioZr fujad

9 tula[k 795759 frac14tuxkuk 2011 ds vuqlkjfrac12Male Papulation 397650 amp Female Population

398109 11 lkkjrk frac1469-87frac12

12 rglhy

frac14fodkl[kMfrac12

05 - Nawagarh Bemetara Saja Than KhamhariaampBerla

13 uxjikfydk

uxjfuxe

02 ndash BemetaraampSaja

14 uxjiapkr 06 - Nawagarh Maro Bemetara Devkar Parpodi SajaThanKhamhariaampBerla

15 xzkeiapkr 387

Means of Transport

Bus Transport

Bemetara city is well connected to Raipur Jabalpur Bilaspur Durg and Kawardha

by roadwaysNH-30 A passes through the heart of city which is one of the busiest

road in the stateThis highway connects state capital Raipur to one of the major city

of Madhya Pradesh JabalpurThere are two state highway passing through

Bemetara that are Durg to Bemetara and Kumhari - Bemetara - Mungeli

Railway Transport

Bemetara is not connected by railway the nearest Railway station is tilde (35 km)

and major station is Raipur (66 km) and Durg is about 72 km

A new railway line is proposed in Bemetarawhich isDurg-Bemetara-Mungeli-

Bilaspur line

27

Air Transport

Nearest airport to the town is Swami Vivekananda International Airport

Raipur(IATA RPR ICAO VERP) which was formerly known as Mana Airport

which is 66 km from the city

28

8 Land Utilition Pattern in the district Forest Agriculture

Horticulture Mining etc

(i)Types of Soil-

Different type of soils are found in the District which is as follows-

i Red Soil (Bhata) Entisols

ii Sandy loams (Matasi) Inceptisols

iii Dorsa (Alfisols)

iv Black (Kanhar) vertisols

v Alluvial Soil (Kachhar)

(ii)Types of Forest-

oueMy

ljafkrou ks=gsDV- vkjfkrou ks= gsDV- voxhZd`rou ks=gsDV-

dqyouks=

ou

ks=Qy

fujad fujad fujad fujad

(iii)Details of Horticulture-

S No Particular Details Area in Hectare

1 Geographical Area of the District 285481Hect

2 Forest Area Nil

3 Total Kast Land Area 239566Hect

4 Land Covered by Gardening Crops 15373 Hect

5 Land Covered by Fruit Plants 2934 Hect

6 Land Covered by Vegetables Crop 10602 Hect

7 Land Covered by Masala 1535Hect

29

8 Land Covered by Flowers 185 Hect

9 Land Covered by Medicinal ampSented Plants 117 Hect

10 Percentage of Gardening Crops 872

(iv)Details of Agriculture-

S No Particular Details Area in Hectare

1 Geographical Area of the District 285481Hect

2 Forest Area Nil

3 Non-Agricultural Land 52770Hect

4 Duel Crop Area 94150 Hect

5 Total Kast Land Area 281523Hect

6 Kharif Crop Area 205270Hect

7 Ravi Crop Area 138560Hect

8 Area of Jayad 1200 Hect

9 Total Crop Area 232710Hect

Irrigation

The main source of irrigation in the district is River Shivnath Kharun Haff

SakariampSurahi etc There is no any big dam in the district

30

(v) Details of Ground Water Survey-

31

Climate-

Bemetara has a tropical wet and dry climate temperature remains moderate

throughout the year except from March to June which can be extremely hot The

temperature in AprilndashMay sometimes rises above 45 degCThese summer months

also have dry and hot winds In summers the temperature can also go up to 50 degC

The city receives about 1300 millimetres (51 in) of rain mostly in the monsoon

season from late June to early October Winters last from November to January

and are mild although lows can fall to 5 degC (41 degF)

Climate data for Bemetara City

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average

high degC

(degF)

27

(81)

30

(86)

35

(95)

39

(102)

45

(113)

36

(97)

30

(86)

30

(86)

31

(88)

31

(88)

28

(82)

26

(79)

32

(90)

Average

low degC

(degF)

13

(55)

15

(59)

20

(68)

24

(75)

27

(81)

26

(79)

23

(73)

23

(73)

22

(72)

21

(70)

16

(61)

14

(57)

20

(68)

Average

precipita

tion mm

(inches)

10

(039)

17

(067)

14

(055)

13

(051)

18

(071)

239

(941)

383

(1508)

364

(1433)

197

(776)

50

(197)

11

(043)

16

(063)

1330

(5236)

28

8 Land Utilition Pattern in the district Forest Agriculture

Horticulture Mining etc

(i)Types of Soil-

Different type of soils are found in the District which is as follows-

i Red Soil (Bhata) Entisols

ii Sandy loams (Matasi) Inceptisols

iii Dorsa (Alfisols)

iv Black (Kanhar) vertisols

v Alluvial Soil (Kachhar)

(ii)Types of Forest-

oueMy

ljafkrou ks=gsDV- vkjfkrou ks= gsDV- voxhZd`rou ks=gsDV-

dqyouks=

ou

ks=Qy

fujad fujad fujad fujad

(iii)Details of Horticulture-

S No Particular Details Area in Hectare

1 Geographical Area of the District 285481Hect

2 Forest Area Nil

3 Total Kast Land Area 239566Hect

4 Land Covered by Gardening Crops 15373 Hect

5 Land Covered by Fruit Plants 2934 Hect

6 Land Covered by Vegetables Crop 10602 Hect

7 Land Covered by Masala 1535Hect

29

8 Land Covered by Flowers 185 Hect

9 Land Covered by Medicinal ampSented Plants 117 Hect

10 Percentage of Gardening Crops 872

(iv)Details of Agriculture-

S No Particular Details Area in Hectare

1 Geographical Area of the District 285481Hect

2 Forest Area Nil

3 Non-Agricultural Land 52770Hect

4 Duel Crop Area 94150 Hect

5 Total Kast Land Area 281523Hect

6 Kharif Crop Area 205270Hect

7 Ravi Crop Area 138560Hect

8 Area of Jayad 1200 Hect

9 Total Crop Area 232710Hect

Irrigation

The main source of irrigation in the district is River Shivnath Kharun Haff

SakariampSurahi etc There is no any big dam in the district

30

(v) Details of Ground Water Survey-

31

Climate-

Bemetara has a tropical wet and dry climate temperature remains moderate

throughout the year except from March to June which can be extremely hot The

temperature in AprilndashMay sometimes rises above 45 degCThese summer months

also have dry and hot winds In summers the temperature can also go up to 50 degC

The city receives about 1300 millimetres (51 in) of rain mostly in the monsoon

season from late June to early October Winters last from November to January

and are mild although lows can fall to 5 degC (41 degF)

Climate data for Bemetara City

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average

high degC

(degF)

27

(81)

30

(86)

35

(95)

39

(102)

45

(113)

36

(97)

30

(86)

30

(86)

31

(88)

31

(88)

28

(82)

26

(79)

32

(90)

Average

low degC

(degF)

13

(55)

15

(59)

20

(68)

24

(75)

27

(81)

26

(79)

23

(73)

23

(73)

22

(72)

21

(70)

16

(61)

14

(57)

20

(68)

Average

precipita

tion mm

(inches)

10

(039)

17

(067)

14

(055)

13

(051)

18

(071)

239

(941)

383

(1508)

364

(1433)

197

(776)

50

(197)

11

(043)

16

(063)

1330

(5236)

29

8 Land Covered by Flowers 185 Hect

9 Land Covered by Medicinal ampSented Plants 117 Hect

10 Percentage of Gardening Crops 872

(iv)Details of Agriculture-

S No Particular Details Area in Hectare

1 Geographical Area of the District 285481Hect

2 Forest Area Nil

3 Non-Agricultural Land 52770Hect

4 Duel Crop Area 94150 Hect

5 Total Kast Land Area 281523Hect

6 Kharif Crop Area 205270Hect

7 Ravi Crop Area 138560Hect

8 Area of Jayad 1200 Hect

9 Total Crop Area 232710Hect

Irrigation

The main source of irrigation in the district is River Shivnath Kharun Haff

SakariampSurahi etc There is no any big dam in the district

30

(v) Details of Ground Water Survey-

31

Climate-

Bemetara has a tropical wet and dry climate temperature remains moderate

throughout the year except from March to June which can be extremely hot The

temperature in AprilndashMay sometimes rises above 45 degCThese summer months

also have dry and hot winds In summers the temperature can also go up to 50 degC

The city receives about 1300 millimetres (51 in) of rain mostly in the monsoon

season from late June to early October Winters last from November to January

and are mild although lows can fall to 5 degC (41 degF)

Climate data for Bemetara City

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average

high degC

(degF)

27

(81)

30

(86)

35

(95)

39

(102)

45

(113)

36

(97)

30

(86)

30

(86)

31

(88)

31

(88)

28

(82)

26

(79)

32

(90)

Average

low degC

(degF)

13

(55)

15

(59)

20

(68)

24

(75)

27

(81)

26

(79)

23

(73)

23

(73)

22

(72)

21

(70)

16

(61)

14

(57)

20

(68)

Average

precipita

tion mm

(inches)

10

(039)

17

(067)

14

(055)

13

(051)

18

(071)

239

(941)

383

(1508)

364

(1433)

197

(776)

50

(197)

11

(043)

16

(063)

1330

(5236)

30

(v) Details of Ground Water Survey-

31

Climate-

Bemetara has a tropical wet and dry climate temperature remains moderate

throughout the year except from March to June which can be extremely hot The

temperature in AprilndashMay sometimes rises above 45 degCThese summer months

also have dry and hot winds In summers the temperature can also go up to 50 degC

The city receives about 1300 millimetres (51 in) of rain mostly in the monsoon

season from late June to early October Winters last from November to January

and are mild although lows can fall to 5 degC (41 degF)

Climate data for Bemetara City

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average

high degC

(degF)

27

(81)

30

(86)

35

(95)

39

(102)

45

(113)

36

(97)

30

(86)

30

(86)

31

(88)

31

(88)

28

(82)

26

(79)

32

(90)

Average

low degC

(degF)

13

(55)

15

(59)

20

(68)

24

(75)

27

(81)

26

(79)

23

(73)

23

(73)

22

(72)

21

(70)

16

(61)

14

(57)

20

(68)

Average

precipita

tion mm

(inches)

10

(039)

17

(067)

14

(055)

13

(051)

18

(071)

239

(941)

383

(1508)

364

(1433)

197

(776)

50

(197)

11

(043)

16

(063)

1330

(5236)

31

Climate-

Bemetara has a tropical wet and dry climate temperature remains moderate

throughout the year except from March to June which can be extremely hot The

temperature in AprilndashMay sometimes rises above 45 degCThese summer months

also have dry and hot winds In summers the temperature can also go up to 50 degC

The city receives about 1300 millimetres (51 in) of rain mostly in the monsoon

season from late June to early October Winters last from November to January

and are mild although lows can fall to 5 degC (41 degF)

Climate data for Bemetara City

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average

high degC

(degF)

27

(81)

30

(86)

35

(95)

39

(102)

45

(113)

36

(97)

30

(86)

30

(86)

31

(88)

31

(88)

28

(82)

26

(79)

32

(90)

Average

low degC

(degF)

13

(55)

15

(59)

20

(68)

24

(75)

27

(81)

26

(79)

23

(73)

23

(73)

22

(72)

21

(70)

16

(61)

14

(57)

20

(68)

Average

precipita

tion mm

(inches)

10

(039)

17

(067)

14

(055)

13

(051)

18

(071)

239

(941)

383

(1508)

364

(1433)

197

(776)

50

(197)

11

(043)

16

(063)

1330

(5236)

32

9 Physiography of the District

Physiographically the area in Bemetara District having almost flat topographyThe

general slope of the district is towards the north - east in which direction the major

streams of the district flow

BEMETARA is located near the centre of a large plain sometimes referred as the

rice bowl of India where hundreds of varieties of rice are

grown The ShivnathRiverflows to the east of the city of bemetara and the

southern side has dense forests The Maikal Hills rise on the north-west of

Bemetara on the north the land rises and merges with the Chota Nagpur Plateau

which extends north-east across Jharkhand state On the south of Bemetara lies

the Deccan Plateau

33

34

10 Rainfall of District BemetaraYear wise

S No Year Average Rainfall (mm)

1 2012 99440

2 2013 123400

3 2014 112140

4 2015 95782

Rainfall of District Bemetara Month wise

Rainfall data for Bemetara City

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average

precipita

tion mm

(inches)

10

(039)

17

(067)

14

(055)

13

(051)

18

(071)

239

(941)

383

(1508)

364

(1433)

197

(776)

50

(197)

11

(043)

16

(063)

1330

(5236)

34

10 Rainfall of District BemetaraYear wise

S No Year Average Rainfall (mm)

1 2012 99440

2 2013 123400

3 2014 112140

4 2015 95782

Rainfall of District Bemetara Month wise

Rainfall data for Bemetara City

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average

precipita

tion mm

(inches)

10

(039)

17

(067)

14

(055)

13

(051)

18

(071)

239

(941)

383

(1508)

364

(1433)

197

(776)

50

(197)

11

(043)

16

(063)

1330

(5236)

35

36

11 Geology and Mineral Wealth

Geology-

Geologically the district comprises of rocks of the Meso-to Neo- Proterozoic

sequence is represented by the Chhattisgarh Supergroup Raipur Group comprises

Chandi formation Tarenga formation Hirri formation and Maniari formation

Chandi Formation of grey and purple stromatolitic limestone with

areniteferruginous sandstone intercalations (Deodongar member) Tarenga

Formation of greenish grey and reddish brown shale with chert porcellanite and

green clay interbands Hirri Formation by grey thinly to thickly bedded dolomite

and argillancous dolomite and ManairiFormationn comprises reddish brown and

purple non - calcareous shale with gypsum interbandsQuatrenary is represented

by pebble beds (Khamaria pebble bed)

37

38

Stratigraphic succession-

39

Mineral-

Mineral deposite of Bemetaradistrict include Dolomite Limestone Ordinary stone

Sand and Soil etc

Dolomite Mines

Total 27 Dolomite mines in which at present 3 dolomite is operational 13 dolomite

mine is under renewal and 11 dolomite mines is under lapse category

Limestone Mine

Total 03limestone mines in which at present 1limestone mine is operational and

rest 2 limestone mine is under renewal in the district

Ordinary Stone Mine

Total 01 ordinary stone mines is operational in the district

Soil Mine for Making Bricks

Total 34 soil mines in which at present 13 soil mine is operational and 21 soil mine

is under renewal varies part of the district

Sand Mine

Total 33 sand mines in which at present after Environmental NOC 12 sand mine is

operational 14 sand mine is under process to getting Environmental NOC from

SEIAA and 07sand mines has not submitted required documents for

Environmental Clearence till date

Sands are mostly available in Bank of River Shivnath Kharun Hanf

SakariSurahiampPhonkriver Quarry leases for sand mining are given in different

village of Bemetara district

40

Additional information of the district

Drainage System-

Shivnath

Sheonath is main river of District Bemetara Shivnathriver is tributary of Mahanadi

river Shivnathriver originates from Mountain at height of 625 meter at Panabaras

situated in south western parts of Rajnandgaon and flows towards north east

direction Shivnath River measures length about 345 KM City Durg is situated on

east bank of Shivnath River It flows towards north east passing through Khujji

Rajnandgaon Durg Dhamdha and Nandghat and joins (meet) Mahanadi near

Shivari Narayan of Bilaspur District

Kharun

Kharunriver flows in eastern parts of the district starting from Petechua in Balod

District This river flows towards north and joins (meet) ShivnathRiver at Somnath

near Simga This river determines the boundary of Raipur and Durg district The

length of this river is about 120 KM

41

42

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Bemetara

This survey report is prepared for District Bemetara to identify the sustainable

mining area In District Bemetarathere are six rivers namely Shivnath Kharun

Haff Sakari SurahiampPhonkriver

All possible sand mining area has been surveyed The riverwise area surveyed and

identified for sand mining is given in the annexure

The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation

as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for

calculation of mineral potential

The mining area will be 10m away from the river bank and about 10m Influence

as safity barrier from the main streem will be left where mining operation will be

restricted Hence 10 m influence area from the main stream has been considered as

safity zone or non mining zone

It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular

process Based on the last five year observation it is experienced that average of

3m sand is replenished every year

Area Prohibited for Mining-

The following area will be prohibited for minng

i No mining activity will be executed 10 m from the river bank

ii Mining is prohibited within 10 m from the flow of the main stream

iii During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre

of the river to avoide erosion of banks

iv Mining area is restricted up to 500 mtsdown stream of any structure like

bridge diversion head work anicut etc

43

v Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not

be diverted or obstructed

vi The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500

meters

vii Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction

purpose like silt percentage fineness modulus etc must be obtained from

competent laboratory authority

viii Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened

sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to

maintainesecobalance

Details are given bellow-

S No Name of River Ara Drained Sq KM Area

Drained in the

District in BemetaraDist Total

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River Sq km Sq km

2 Kharun River Sq km Sq km

3 Haff River Sq km Sq km

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams-

S No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in the

District (in km)

Place of origin Height of

origin

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River km Panabaras (Dist-

Rajnandgaon)

642 m

2 Kharun River km Kankalin (Petachuwa)

(Dist-Balod)

1 m

3 Haff River km Hils of Dallirajhara

(Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

3 m

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

36

11 Geology and Mineral Wealth

Geology-

Geologically the district comprises of rocks of the Meso-to Neo- Proterozoic

sequence is represented by the Chhattisgarh Supergroup Raipur Group comprises

Chandi formation Tarenga formation Hirri formation and Maniari formation

Chandi Formation of grey and purple stromatolitic limestone with

areniteferruginous sandstone intercalations (Deodongar member) Tarenga

Formation of greenish grey and reddish brown shale with chert porcellanite and

green clay interbands Hirri Formation by grey thinly to thickly bedded dolomite

and argillancous dolomite and ManairiFormationn comprises reddish brown and

purple non - calcareous shale with gypsum interbandsQuatrenary is represented

by pebble beds (Khamaria pebble bed)

37

38

Stratigraphic succession-

39

Mineral-

Mineral deposite of Bemetaradistrict include Dolomite Limestone Ordinary stone

Sand and Soil etc

Dolomite Mines

Total 27 Dolomite mines in which at present 3 dolomite is operational 13 dolomite

mine is under renewal and 11 dolomite mines is under lapse category

Limestone Mine

Total 03limestone mines in which at present 1limestone mine is operational and

rest 2 limestone mine is under renewal in the district

Ordinary Stone Mine

Total 01 ordinary stone mines is operational in the district

Soil Mine for Making Bricks

Total 34 soil mines in which at present 13 soil mine is operational and 21 soil mine

is under renewal varies part of the district

Sand Mine

Total 33 sand mines in which at present after Environmental NOC 12 sand mine is

operational 14 sand mine is under process to getting Environmental NOC from

SEIAA and 07sand mines has not submitted required documents for

Environmental Clearence till date

Sands are mostly available in Bank of River Shivnath Kharun Hanf

SakariSurahiampPhonkriver Quarry leases for sand mining are given in different

village of Bemetara district

40

Additional information of the district

Drainage System-

Shivnath

Sheonath is main river of District Bemetara Shivnathriver is tributary of Mahanadi

river Shivnathriver originates from Mountain at height of 625 meter at Panabaras

situated in south western parts of Rajnandgaon and flows towards north east

direction Shivnath River measures length about 345 KM City Durg is situated on

east bank of Shivnath River It flows towards north east passing through Khujji

Rajnandgaon Durg Dhamdha and Nandghat and joins (meet) Mahanadi near

Shivari Narayan of Bilaspur District

Kharun

Kharunriver flows in eastern parts of the district starting from Petechua in Balod

District This river flows towards north and joins (meet) ShivnathRiver at Somnath

near Simga This river determines the boundary of Raipur and Durg district The

length of this river is about 120 KM

41

42

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Bemetara

This survey report is prepared for District Bemetara to identify the sustainable

mining area In District Bemetarathere are six rivers namely Shivnath Kharun

Haff Sakari SurahiampPhonkriver

All possible sand mining area has been surveyed The riverwise area surveyed and

identified for sand mining is given in the annexure

The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation

as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for

calculation of mineral potential

The mining area will be 10m away from the river bank and about 10m Influence

as safity barrier from the main streem will be left where mining operation will be

restricted Hence 10 m influence area from the main stream has been considered as

safity zone or non mining zone

It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular

process Based on the last five year observation it is experienced that average of

3m sand is replenished every year

Area Prohibited for Mining-

The following area will be prohibited for minng

i No mining activity will be executed 10 m from the river bank

ii Mining is prohibited within 10 m from the flow of the main stream

iii During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre

of the river to avoide erosion of banks

iv Mining area is restricted up to 500 mtsdown stream of any structure like

bridge diversion head work anicut etc

43

v Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not

be diverted or obstructed

vi The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500

meters

vii Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction

purpose like silt percentage fineness modulus etc must be obtained from

competent laboratory authority

viii Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened

sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to

maintainesecobalance

Details are given bellow-

S No Name of River Ara Drained Sq KM Area

Drained in the

District in BemetaraDist Total

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River Sq km Sq km

2 Kharun River Sq km Sq km

3 Haff River Sq km Sq km

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams-

S No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in the

District (in km)

Place of origin Height of

origin

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River km Panabaras (Dist-

Rajnandgaon)

642 m

2 Kharun River km Kankalin (Petachuwa)

(Dist-Balod)

1 m

3 Haff River km Hils of Dallirajhara

(Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

3 m

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

37

38

Stratigraphic succession-

39

Mineral-

Mineral deposite of Bemetaradistrict include Dolomite Limestone Ordinary stone

Sand and Soil etc

Dolomite Mines

Total 27 Dolomite mines in which at present 3 dolomite is operational 13 dolomite

mine is under renewal and 11 dolomite mines is under lapse category

Limestone Mine

Total 03limestone mines in which at present 1limestone mine is operational and

rest 2 limestone mine is under renewal in the district

Ordinary Stone Mine

Total 01 ordinary stone mines is operational in the district

Soil Mine for Making Bricks

Total 34 soil mines in which at present 13 soil mine is operational and 21 soil mine

is under renewal varies part of the district

Sand Mine

Total 33 sand mines in which at present after Environmental NOC 12 sand mine is

operational 14 sand mine is under process to getting Environmental NOC from

SEIAA and 07sand mines has not submitted required documents for

Environmental Clearence till date

Sands are mostly available in Bank of River Shivnath Kharun Hanf

SakariSurahiampPhonkriver Quarry leases for sand mining are given in different

village of Bemetara district

40

Additional information of the district

Drainage System-

Shivnath

Sheonath is main river of District Bemetara Shivnathriver is tributary of Mahanadi

river Shivnathriver originates from Mountain at height of 625 meter at Panabaras

situated in south western parts of Rajnandgaon and flows towards north east

direction Shivnath River measures length about 345 KM City Durg is situated on

east bank of Shivnath River It flows towards north east passing through Khujji

Rajnandgaon Durg Dhamdha and Nandghat and joins (meet) Mahanadi near

Shivari Narayan of Bilaspur District

Kharun

Kharunriver flows in eastern parts of the district starting from Petechua in Balod

District This river flows towards north and joins (meet) ShivnathRiver at Somnath

near Simga This river determines the boundary of Raipur and Durg district The

length of this river is about 120 KM

41

42

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Bemetara

This survey report is prepared for District Bemetara to identify the sustainable

mining area In District Bemetarathere are six rivers namely Shivnath Kharun

Haff Sakari SurahiampPhonkriver

All possible sand mining area has been surveyed The riverwise area surveyed and

identified for sand mining is given in the annexure

The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation

as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for

calculation of mineral potential

The mining area will be 10m away from the river bank and about 10m Influence

as safity barrier from the main streem will be left where mining operation will be

restricted Hence 10 m influence area from the main stream has been considered as

safity zone or non mining zone

It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular

process Based on the last five year observation it is experienced that average of

3m sand is replenished every year

Area Prohibited for Mining-

The following area will be prohibited for minng

i No mining activity will be executed 10 m from the river bank

ii Mining is prohibited within 10 m from the flow of the main stream

iii During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre

of the river to avoide erosion of banks

iv Mining area is restricted up to 500 mtsdown stream of any structure like

bridge diversion head work anicut etc

43

v Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not

be diverted or obstructed

vi The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500

meters

vii Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction

purpose like silt percentage fineness modulus etc must be obtained from

competent laboratory authority

viii Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened

sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to

maintainesecobalance

Details are given bellow-

S No Name of River Ara Drained Sq KM Area

Drained in the

District in BemetaraDist Total

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River Sq km Sq km

2 Kharun River Sq km Sq km

3 Haff River Sq km Sq km

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams-

S No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in the

District (in km)

Place of origin Height of

origin

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River km Panabaras (Dist-

Rajnandgaon)

642 m

2 Kharun River km Kankalin (Petachuwa)

(Dist-Balod)

1 m

3 Haff River km Hils of Dallirajhara

(Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

3 m

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

38

Stratigraphic succession-

39

Mineral-

Mineral deposite of Bemetaradistrict include Dolomite Limestone Ordinary stone

Sand and Soil etc

Dolomite Mines

Total 27 Dolomite mines in which at present 3 dolomite is operational 13 dolomite

mine is under renewal and 11 dolomite mines is under lapse category

Limestone Mine

Total 03limestone mines in which at present 1limestone mine is operational and

rest 2 limestone mine is under renewal in the district

Ordinary Stone Mine

Total 01 ordinary stone mines is operational in the district

Soil Mine for Making Bricks

Total 34 soil mines in which at present 13 soil mine is operational and 21 soil mine

is under renewal varies part of the district

Sand Mine

Total 33 sand mines in which at present after Environmental NOC 12 sand mine is

operational 14 sand mine is under process to getting Environmental NOC from

SEIAA and 07sand mines has not submitted required documents for

Environmental Clearence till date

Sands are mostly available in Bank of River Shivnath Kharun Hanf

SakariSurahiampPhonkriver Quarry leases for sand mining are given in different

village of Bemetara district

40

Additional information of the district

Drainage System-

Shivnath

Sheonath is main river of District Bemetara Shivnathriver is tributary of Mahanadi

river Shivnathriver originates from Mountain at height of 625 meter at Panabaras

situated in south western parts of Rajnandgaon and flows towards north east

direction Shivnath River measures length about 345 KM City Durg is situated on

east bank of Shivnath River It flows towards north east passing through Khujji

Rajnandgaon Durg Dhamdha and Nandghat and joins (meet) Mahanadi near

Shivari Narayan of Bilaspur District

Kharun

Kharunriver flows in eastern parts of the district starting from Petechua in Balod

District This river flows towards north and joins (meet) ShivnathRiver at Somnath

near Simga This river determines the boundary of Raipur and Durg district The

length of this river is about 120 KM

41

42

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Bemetara

This survey report is prepared for District Bemetara to identify the sustainable

mining area In District Bemetarathere are six rivers namely Shivnath Kharun

Haff Sakari SurahiampPhonkriver

All possible sand mining area has been surveyed The riverwise area surveyed and

identified for sand mining is given in the annexure

The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation

as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for

calculation of mineral potential

The mining area will be 10m away from the river bank and about 10m Influence

as safity barrier from the main streem will be left where mining operation will be

restricted Hence 10 m influence area from the main stream has been considered as

safity zone or non mining zone

It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular

process Based on the last five year observation it is experienced that average of

3m sand is replenished every year

Area Prohibited for Mining-

The following area will be prohibited for minng

i No mining activity will be executed 10 m from the river bank

ii Mining is prohibited within 10 m from the flow of the main stream

iii During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre

of the river to avoide erosion of banks

iv Mining area is restricted up to 500 mtsdown stream of any structure like

bridge diversion head work anicut etc

43

v Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not

be diverted or obstructed

vi The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500

meters

vii Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction

purpose like silt percentage fineness modulus etc must be obtained from

competent laboratory authority

viii Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened

sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to

maintainesecobalance

Details are given bellow-

S No Name of River Ara Drained Sq KM Area

Drained in the

District in BemetaraDist Total

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River Sq km Sq km

2 Kharun River Sq km Sq km

3 Haff River Sq km Sq km

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams-

S No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in the

District (in km)

Place of origin Height of

origin

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River km Panabaras (Dist-

Rajnandgaon)

642 m

2 Kharun River km Kankalin (Petachuwa)

(Dist-Balod)

1 m

3 Haff River km Hils of Dallirajhara

(Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

3 m

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

39

Mineral-

Mineral deposite of Bemetaradistrict include Dolomite Limestone Ordinary stone

Sand and Soil etc

Dolomite Mines

Total 27 Dolomite mines in which at present 3 dolomite is operational 13 dolomite

mine is under renewal and 11 dolomite mines is under lapse category

Limestone Mine

Total 03limestone mines in which at present 1limestone mine is operational and

rest 2 limestone mine is under renewal in the district

Ordinary Stone Mine

Total 01 ordinary stone mines is operational in the district

Soil Mine for Making Bricks

Total 34 soil mines in which at present 13 soil mine is operational and 21 soil mine

is under renewal varies part of the district

Sand Mine

Total 33 sand mines in which at present after Environmental NOC 12 sand mine is

operational 14 sand mine is under process to getting Environmental NOC from

SEIAA and 07sand mines has not submitted required documents for

Environmental Clearence till date

Sands are mostly available in Bank of River Shivnath Kharun Hanf

SakariSurahiampPhonkriver Quarry leases for sand mining are given in different

village of Bemetara district

40

Additional information of the district

Drainage System-

Shivnath

Sheonath is main river of District Bemetara Shivnathriver is tributary of Mahanadi

river Shivnathriver originates from Mountain at height of 625 meter at Panabaras

situated in south western parts of Rajnandgaon and flows towards north east

direction Shivnath River measures length about 345 KM City Durg is situated on

east bank of Shivnath River It flows towards north east passing through Khujji

Rajnandgaon Durg Dhamdha and Nandghat and joins (meet) Mahanadi near

Shivari Narayan of Bilaspur District

Kharun

Kharunriver flows in eastern parts of the district starting from Petechua in Balod

District This river flows towards north and joins (meet) ShivnathRiver at Somnath

near Simga This river determines the boundary of Raipur and Durg district The

length of this river is about 120 KM

41

42

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Bemetara

This survey report is prepared for District Bemetara to identify the sustainable

mining area In District Bemetarathere are six rivers namely Shivnath Kharun

Haff Sakari SurahiampPhonkriver

All possible sand mining area has been surveyed The riverwise area surveyed and

identified for sand mining is given in the annexure

The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation

as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for

calculation of mineral potential

The mining area will be 10m away from the river bank and about 10m Influence

as safity barrier from the main streem will be left where mining operation will be

restricted Hence 10 m influence area from the main stream has been considered as

safity zone or non mining zone

It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular

process Based on the last five year observation it is experienced that average of

3m sand is replenished every year

Area Prohibited for Mining-

The following area will be prohibited for minng

i No mining activity will be executed 10 m from the river bank

ii Mining is prohibited within 10 m from the flow of the main stream

iii During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre

of the river to avoide erosion of banks

iv Mining area is restricted up to 500 mtsdown stream of any structure like

bridge diversion head work anicut etc

43

v Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not

be diverted or obstructed

vi The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500

meters

vii Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction

purpose like silt percentage fineness modulus etc must be obtained from

competent laboratory authority

viii Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened

sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to

maintainesecobalance

Details are given bellow-

S No Name of River Ara Drained Sq KM Area

Drained in the

District in BemetaraDist Total

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River Sq km Sq km

2 Kharun River Sq km Sq km

3 Haff River Sq km Sq km

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams-

S No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in the

District (in km)

Place of origin Height of

origin

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River km Panabaras (Dist-

Rajnandgaon)

642 m

2 Kharun River km Kankalin (Petachuwa)

(Dist-Balod)

1 m

3 Haff River km Hils of Dallirajhara

(Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

3 m

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

40

Additional information of the district

Drainage System-

Shivnath

Sheonath is main river of District Bemetara Shivnathriver is tributary of Mahanadi

river Shivnathriver originates from Mountain at height of 625 meter at Panabaras

situated in south western parts of Rajnandgaon and flows towards north east

direction Shivnath River measures length about 345 KM City Durg is situated on

east bank of Shivnath River It flows towards north east passing through Khujji

Rajnandgaon Durg Dhamdha and Nandghat and joins (meet) Mahanadi near

Shivari Narayan of Bilaspur District

Kharun

Kharunriver flows in eastern parts of the district starting from Petechua in Balod

District This river flows towards north and joins (meet) ShivnathRiver at Somnath

near Simga This river determines the boundary of Raipur and Durg district The

length of this river is about 120 KM

41

42

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Bemetara

This survey report is prepared for District Bemetara to identify the sustainable

mining area In District Bemetarathere are six rivers namely Shivnath Kharun

Haff Sakari SurahiampPhonkriver

All possible sand mining area has been surveyed The riverwise area surveyed and

identified for sand mining is given in the annexure

The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation

as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for

calculation of mineral potential

The mining area will be 10m away from the river bank and about 10m Influence

as safity barrier from the main streem will be left where mining operation will be

restricted Hence 10 m influence area from the main stream has been considered as

safity zone or non mining zone

It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular

process Based on the last five year observation it is experienced that average of

3m sand is replenished every year

Area Prohibited for Mining-

The following area will be prohibited for minng

i No mining activity will be executed 10 m from the river bank

ii Mining is prohibited within 10 m from the flow of the main stream

iii During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre

of the river to avoide erosion of banks

iv Mining area is restricted up to 500 mtsdown stream of any structure like

bridge diversion head work anicut etc

43

v Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not

be diverted or obstructed

vi The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500

meters

vii Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction

purpose like silt percentage fineness modulus etc must be obtained from

competent laboratory authority

viii Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened

sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to

maintainesecobalance

Details are given bellow-

S No Name of River Ara Drained Sq KM Area

Drained in the

District in BemetaraDist Total

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River Sq km Sq km

2 Kharun River Sq km Sq km

3 Haff River Sq km Sq km

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams-

S No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in the

District (in km)

Place of origin Height of

origin

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River km Panabaras (Dist-

Rajnandgaon)

642 m

2 Kharun River km Kankalin (Petachuwa)

(Dist-Balod)

1 m

3 Haff River km Hils of Dallirajhara

(Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

3 m

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

41

42

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Bemetara

This survey report is prepared for District Bemetara to identify the sustainable

mining area In District Bemetarathere are six rivers namely Shivnath Kharun

Haff Sakari SurahiampPhonkriver

All possible sand mining area has been surveyed The riverwise area surveyed and

identified for sand mining is given in the annexure

The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation

as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for

calculation of mineral potential

The mining area will be 10m away from the river bank and about 10m Influence

as safity barrier from the main streem will be left where mining operation will be

restricted Hence 10 m influence area from the main stream has been considered as

safity zone or non mining zone

It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular

process Based on the last five year observation it is experienced that average of

3m sand is replenished every year

Area Prohibited for Mining-

The following area will be prohibited for minng

i No mining activity will be executed 10 m from the river bank

ii Mining is prohibited within 10 m from the flow of the main stream

iii During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre

of the river to avoide erosion of banks

iv Mining area is restricted up to 500 mtsdown stream of any structure like

bridge diversion head work anicut etc

43

v Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not

be diverted or obstructed

vi The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500

meters

vii Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction

purpose like silt percentage fineness modulus etc must be obtained from

competent laboratory authority

viii Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened

sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to

maintainesecobalance

Details are given bellow-

S No Name of River Ara Drained Sq KM Area

Drained in the

District in BemetaraDist Total

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River Sq km Sq km

2 Kharun River Sq km Sq km

3 Haff River Sq km Sq km

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams-

S No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in the

District (in km)

Place of origin Height of

origin

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River km Panabaras (Dist-

Rajnandgaon)

642 m

2 Kharun River km Kankalin (Petachuwa)

(Dist-Balod)

1 m

3 Haff River km Hils of Dallirajhara

(Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

3 m

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

42

Survey Report for Sand Mining of District Bemetara

This survey report is prepared for District Bemetara to identify the sustainable

mining area In District Bemetarathere are six rivers namely Shivnath Kharun

Haff Sakari SurahiampPhonkriver

All possible sand mining area has been surveyed The riverwise area surveyed and

identified for sand mining is given in the annexure

The thickness of sand load is considered average 4 meters in depth by observation

as well as local enquiry out of which up to depth of 3 meter is considered for

calculation of mineral potential

The mining area will be 10m away from the river bank and about 10m Influence

as safity barrier from the main streem will be left where mining operation will be

restricted Hence 10 m influence area from the main stream has been considered as

safity zone or non mining zone

It is considered that replenishment of sand in every monsoon season is a regular

process Based on the last five year observation it is experienced that average of

3m sand is replenished every year

Area Prohibited for Mining-

The following area will be prohibited for minng

i No mining activity will be executed 10 m from the river bank

ii Mining is prohibited within 10 m from the flow of the main stream

iii During mining measures should be taken to guide the flow to the centre

of the river to avoide erosion of banks

iv Mining area is restricted up to 500 mtsdown stream of any structure like

bridge diversion head work anicut etc

43

v Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not

be diverted or obstructed

vi The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500

meters

vii Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction

purpose like silt percentage fineness modulus etc must be obtained from

competent laboratory authority

viii Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened

sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to

maintainesecobalance

Details are given bellow-

S No Name of River Ara Drained Sq KM Area

Drained in the

District in BemetaraDist Total

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River Sq km Sq km

2 Kharun River Sq km Sq km

3 Haff River Sq km Sq km

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams-

S No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in the

District (in km)

Place of origin Height of

origin

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River km Panabaras (Dist-

Rajnandgaon)

642 m

2 Kharun River km Kankalin (Petachuwa)

(Dist-Balod)

1 m

3 Haff River km Hils of Dallirajhara

(Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

3 m

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

43

v Measures should be kept in consideration that the flow of river should not

be diverted or obstructed

vi The distance between two sand mining locations should be minimum 500

meters

vii Before permission of mining a suitable test of sand for construction

purpose like silt percentage fineness modulus etc must be obtained from

competent laboratory authority

viii Provision for plantation must be assured on the river bank of concerened

sand mining zone to protect erosion of banks and to

maintainesecobalance

Details are given bellow-

S No Name of River Ara Drained Sq KM Area

Drained in the

District in BemetaraDist Total

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River Sq km Sq km

2 Kharun River Sq km Sq km

3 Haff River Sq km Sq km

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Features of Important Rivers and Streams-

S No Name of the

River or Stream

Total Length in the

District (in km)

Place of origin Height of

origin

1 2 3 4 5

1 Shivnath River km Panabaras (Dist-

Rajnandgaon)

642 m

2 Kharun River km Kankalin (Petachuwa)

(Dist-Balod)

1 m

3 Haff River km Hils of Dallirajhara

(Banjaridih) (Dist- Balod

3 m

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

44

4 Sakari River

5 Surahi River

6 Phonk

Shivnath River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 2 jsrtekoughagSA 3 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 4 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 5 jsrmiyCk ughagSA 6 orZekuesaikuhHkjkogSArhuokZiwoZjsr

[kuugksrkFkkjsrughagSA

ksxamp

Kharun River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

45

ksxamp 0

Haff River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Sakari River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

46

Surahi River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0

Phonk River

SNo Portion of the

River of

Stream

Recommended

for Mineral

Concession

Length of

area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

kilometer)

Average

Width of area

Recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meters)

Area

recommended

for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential

(in metric

tonne) 60

of total

mineral

potential)

1 ikuhHkjkogSA 2 ikuhHkjkogSA 3 ikuhHkjkogSA 4 ikuhHkjkogSA 5 ikuhHkjkogSA 6 ikuhHkjkogSA ksxamp 0